Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1572 923048 908558 2026-09-23T04:58:40Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|60|N|95|W|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Canadae | image_flag = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg | image_coat = Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg | symbol_type = <!--alt text for coat of arms--> | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|[[A Mari Usque Ad Mare]]|italics=on}}<br />{{small|"Frae Sea tae Sea"}} | national_anthem = "[[O Canada]]e"{{lower|0.2em|{{efn| name=Anthem|1=Canadae's de facto [[ryal anthem]] is "[[God_Save_the_Queen|God Save the King]]", that is whiles played or sang thegither wi the naitional anthem, "O Canada", at preevat an public events. Addeetionally, its first three lines is forby included ithin the "Viceregal Salute", that is accordit tae the govrenor general an provincial lieutenant govrenors. Housomeir, it haes niver been adoptit as an offeecial seembol o the kintra.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kallmann |first1=Helmut |title=National and Royal Anthems |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/national-and-royal-anthems-emc |website=[[Encyclopedia of Music in Canada]] |publisher=Historica Canada |accessdate=August 26, 2019}}</ref>}}<!--end lower:-->}}<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:"O Canada", performed by the United States Third Marine Aircraft Wing Band.oga]]}}</div> | image_map = CAN orthographic.svg | map_width = 220px | alt_map = Projection o North Americae wi Canadae in green | capital = [[Ottawa]] | coordinates = {{Coord|45|24|N|75|40|W|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Toronto]] | official_languages = {{hlist |[[Canadian Inglis|Inglis]]|[[Canadian French|French]]}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2016 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=2016 Census of Population—Ethnic Origin. |publisher=Statistics Canada, Catalog no. 98-400-X2016187 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026161129/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |archivedate=October 26, 2017 |date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = Leet o ethnicities| 74.3% [[European Canadian|European]] | 14.5% [[Asian Canadian|Asian]] | 5.1% [[Indigenous fowks in Canadae|Indigenous]] | 3.4% [[Laitin American Canadian|Caribbean an Laitin American]] | 2.9% [[Black Canadian|African]] | 0.2% [[Oceanie]]n}} | religion_year = 2011 | religion_ref = <ref name="statcan1">{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm |title=2011 National Household Survey |publisher=Statistics Canada |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515212448/http://statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm |archivedate=May 15, 2013 |date=May 8, 2013}}</ref> | religion = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; |title = List of [[Releegion in Canadae|releegions]]|67.2% [[Christianity]] |23.9% [[Irreleegion|Irreleegious]]|3.2% [[Islam]]|1.5% [[Hinduism]] |1.4% [[Sikhism]] |1.1% [[Buddhism]] |1.0% [[Judaism]] |0.6% [[Releegion in Canadae#Ither releegions|Ither]]}} | demonym = [[Canadians|Canadian]] | government_type = {{nowrap|[[Federalism|Federal]] [[pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentar]]<br />[[constitutional monarchy]]<ref name="DowdingDumont2014">{{cite book |first1=Keith |last1=Dowding |first2=Patrick |last2=Dumont |title=The Selection of Ministers around the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AClHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT395 |year=2014 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-63444-7 |page=395}}</ref>}} | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o Canadae|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Govrenor General o Canada|Govrenor General]]}} | leader_name2 = [[Mary Simon]] | leader_title3 = [[Prime Meenister o Canadae|Prime Meenister]] | leader_name3 = [[Mark Carney]] | legislature = [[Pairlament o Canadae|Pairlament]] | upper_house = [[Senate o Canadae|Senate]] | lower_house = [[Hoose o Commons o Canadae|Hoose o Commons]] | sovereignty_type = [[History o Canadae#Canadae unner British rule (1763–1931)|Unthirldom]] | sovereignty_note = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] | established_event1 = [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]] | established_date1 = 1 Julie 1867 | established_event2 = [[Statute o Wastmeenster 1931|Statute o Wastmeenster]] | established_date2 = 11 December 1931 | established_event3 = [[Patriation]] | established_date3 = 17 Apryle 1982 | area_km2 = 9,984,670 | area_label = Tot aurie | area_rank = 2nt | area_sq_mi = 3,854,085 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 8.92 | area_label2 = Tot laund aurie | area_data2 = {{convert|9093507|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | population_estimate = 37,602,103<ref>{{cite web |author=Statistics Canada |title=Population estimates quarterly |date=June 20, 2018 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/190619/dq190619c-eng.htm?HPA=1&indid=4098-1&indgeo=0 |accessdate=June 20, 2018}}</ref> | population_census = 35,151,728<ref>{{cite web |author=Statistics Canada |title=Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census |date=February 8, 2017 |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170208/dq170208a-eng.htm |accessdate=February 8, 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210133245/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170208/dq170208a-eng.htm |archivedate=February 10, 2017}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = Q2 2019 | population_census_year = 2016 | population_estimate_rank = 38t | population_density_km2 = 3.92 | population_density_sq_mi = 10.15 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 228t | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$1.930&nbsp;trillion<!--end nowrap:-->}}<ref name="Canada">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=60&pr.y=4&sy=2018&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=156&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018, Canada |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=October 2018 |accessdate=February 21, 2019 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221200308/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=60&pr.y=4&sy=2018&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=156&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |archivedate=February 21, 2019}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2019 | GDP_PPP_rank = 15t | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $51,546<ref name="Canada" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 20t | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$1.820{{nbsp}}trillion}}<ref name="Canada" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_rank = 10t | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $48,601<ref name="Canada" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 15t | Gini = 31.8 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite book |title=OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2018 |url=https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-canada-2018_eco_surveys-can-2018-en |publisher=OECD Publishing |accessdate=December 12, 2018 |page=10 |doi=10.1787/eco_surveys-can-2018-en |series=OECD Economic Surveys: Canada |year=2018 |isbn=978-92-64-30073-6 |archive-date=2019-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218230333/https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-canada-2018_eco_surveys-can-2018-en |url-status=dead}}</ref> | HDI = 0.926 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2017<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI |title=2017 Human Development Report |year=2017 |accessdate=September 14, 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 12t | currency = [[Canadian dollar]] ($) | currency_code = CAD | utc_offset = −3.5 to −8 | utc_offset_DST = −2.5 to −7 | date_format = {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}}&nbsp;([[Anno Domini|AD]])<ref>The [[Govrenment o Canadae]] an [[Staundarts Cooncil o Canadae]] prescribe [[ISO 8601]] as the kintra's offeecial aw-numeric date format: {{cite book |last1=Translation Bureau |first1=[[Public Works and Government Services Canada]] |title=The Canadian style: A guide to writing and editing |date=1997 |publisher=Dundurn Press |location=Toronto |isbn=978-1-55002-276-6 |edition=Rev. |chapter=5.14: Dates |page=[https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse/page/97 97] |chapterurl=http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tcdnstyl-chap?lang=eng&lettr=chapsect5&info0=5.14 |url=https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse/page/97}} The {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yy|year}} an {{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|yy|year}} formats an aw remeen in common uise; see [[Date an time notation in Canadae]].</ref> | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Canadae|+1]] | cctld = [[.ca]] | iso3166code = CA | today = | electricity = 120 V–60 Hz }} '''Canadae''' ({{lang-en|Canada|link=no}}, {{IPA-en|ˈkænədə|}}; {{IPA-frdia|kanaˈdɑ|Canadian French:}}) is a kintra in [[North Americae]], ane o the northmaist in the warld, an the mucklest kintra bi area efter [[Roushie]]. It mairches the [[Unitit States]] an its watters eiks northart intil the [[Arctic Ocean]] tae the [[Nor' Powl]]. Canadae is a [[federation]] o ten [[Provinces an territories o Canadae|provinces]] an three [[Provinces an territories o Canadae|territories]]. It wis first shapit bi the [[Breitish North Americae Acts|British North Americae Act o 1867]] an cried the "[[Name o Canadae|Dominion o Canadae]]". It is a [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[representative democracy]] an is a [[constitutional monarchy]] wi [[Charles III|King Charles III]] as the [[heid o state]]. Canadae's offeicial leids is [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] an [[French leid|French]]. The French is spak feckly in [[Quebec]] (or ''Québec'' in French). Its [[Statistics Canada|offeicial]] estimate o indwallers for 2013 is 35,158,300.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's total population estimates, 2013|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130926/dq130926a-eng.htm|work=Statistics Canada|accessdate=17 November 2013}}</ref> The first prime meenister o Canadae wis the Scots-Canadian [[John Macdonald]]. == Provinces an territories == {{main|Provinces an territories o Canadae|Canadian federalism}} [[File:Map Canada political-geo.png|thumbnail|left|A geopolitical map o Canadae, exhibitin its [[Provinces an territories o Canadae|ten provinces an three territories]]]] Canadae is a [[federation]] makit wi ten [[province]]s an three [[Territory (administrative division)|territories]]; <br /> Provinces: * [[Breetish Columbie|British Columbie]] * [[Alberta]] * [[Saskatchewan]] * [[Manitoba]] * [[Quebec]] * [[Ontario]] * [[New Brunswick]] * [[Prince Edward Island]] * [[Nova Scotia]] * [[Newfoundland an Labrador]] Territories: * [[Yukon]] * [[Northwast Territories]] * [[Nunavut]] Provinces haes [[Canadian federalism|mair autonomy]] nor territories. Ilkane haes its ain provincial o territorial symbols. The provinces is responsible fur maist o Canadae's social programs (lik halth care, eddication, an welfar) an thegither collect mair revenue nor the federal govrenment, an awmaist lanerly structur amang federations in the [[Yird]]. Uisin its spendin powers, the federal govrenment can stairt naitional policies in provincial airts, sic as the [[Canada Health Act]]; the provinces can opt thaimsels oot o thaim but thay aften dinnae in practice. [[Equalisation payments|Equal pey]] is duin bi the federal govrenment fur tae mak siccar thit raisonable uniform standaurts o services an taxation is kept atween the richer an puirer provinces. ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==References== {{commonscat|Canada}} {{Reflist}} {{Provinces an territories o Canadae}} [[Category:Canadae| ]] [[Category:Bilingual kintras]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Atlantic Ocean]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Airctic Ocean]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Federal kintras]] [[Category:Umwhile Breetish colonies]] [[Category:French-speakin kintras]] [[Category:G8 naitions]] [[Category:G20 naitions]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]] [[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]] [[Category:Member states o NATO]] [[Category:Northren American kintras]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1867]] {{Stub/Canadae}} hx4uh7npswdacva7gnbjhm973t8qdgp 0 1616 923054 914626 2026-09-23T06:05:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | order =1st|office =Govrenor o the Indies | term_start =1492 | term_end =1499 | appointed = [[Isabella I o Castile]]| predecessor = | successor =[[Francisco de Bobadilla]] | image = Portrait of a Man, Said to be Christopher Columbus.jpg | occupation = [[Leet o maritime explorers|Maritime explorer]] | rank = [[Admiral]] o the [[Ocean Sea]] | caption = Posthumous portrait o Christopher Columbus bi [[Sebastiano del Piombo]], 1519. Thare are na kent authentic portraits o Columbus.<ref>[http://www.vanderkrogt.net/columbus/texts/portrait.html Portraits of Christopher Columbus] – COLUMBUS MONUMENTS PAGES. Vanderkrogt.</ref> | birth_date = Afore 31 October 1451 | birth_place = [[Genoa]], [[Republic o Genoa]] | death_date = 20 Mey 1506 (aged {{circa|54}}) | death_place = [[Valladolid]], [[Croun o Castile]] | other_names = {{plain list| *{{lang-it|Cristoforo Colombo}} {{IPA-it|krisˈtɔːforo koˈlombo|}} *{{lang-ca|Cristòfor Colom}} {{IPA-ca|kɾisˈtɔfur kuˈlom|}} *{{lang-es|Cristóbal Colón}} {{IPA-es|kɾisˈtoβal koˈlon|}} *{{lang-pt|Cristóvão Colombo}} {{IPA-pt|kɾisˈtɔvɐ̃w kuˈlõbu|}} *{{lang-la|Christophorus Columbus}} *{{lang-lij|Christoffa Corombo}} *{{lang-fr|Christophe Colomb}} {{IPA-fr|kʁistɔf kɔlɔ̃|}} }} | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] | spouse = [[Filipa Moniz Perestrelo]] | partner = [[Beatriz Enríquez de Arana]] | children = [[Diego Columbus|Diego]]<br>[[Ferdinand Columbus|Fernando]] | relatives = Brithers:<br>Giovanni Pellegrino<br>Giacomo (cried Diego an aw)<ref>{{Cite NIE| wstitle=Columbus, Diego (brother) |display=Columbus, Diego. The youngest brother of Christopher Columbus}} — The names [[Giacomo (disambiguation)|Giacomo]] an [[Diego]] are [[cognates]], alang wi [[James (name)|James]], aw sharin a common origin. See ''Behind the Name'', Mike Campbell, pages [http://www.behindthename.com/name/Giacomo Giacomo], [http://www.behindthename.com/name/diego Diego], an [http://www.behindthename.com/name/james James]. Aw retrieved 2017-02-03.</ref><br>[[Bartholomew Columbus|Bartholomew]]<br>Sister:<br>Bianchinetta Columbus | signature = Columbus Signature.svg }} '''Christopher Columbus''' ({{lang-it|Cristoforo Colombo}};{{efn|In ither relevant leids: *{{lang-lij|Cristoffa Combo}} *{{lang-es|link=no|Cristóbal Colón}} *{{lang-pt|Cristóvão Colombo}} *{{lang-la|Christophorus Columbus}}}} {{circa|1451}} &ndash; 20 Mey 1506) wis an [[Italians|Italian]] explorer, navigator, coloniser, an ceetizen o the [[Republic o Genoa]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Columbus, Christopher |volume=6 |pages=741–746}}</ref> Unner the auspices o the Catholic Monarchs o [[Spainish Empire|Spain]], he haed duin fower voyages throu the Atlantic Ocean. Thae voyages an his efforts tae estaiblish permanent settlements on the island o [[Hispaniola]] ineetiatit the [[European colonisation o the Americas|European colonisation]] o the [[New Warld]]. Wastren [[imperialism]] an economic competeetion war emergin amang European kinricks throu the estaiblishment o trade routes an colonies. Columbus proponed tae reach the East Indies bi sailin wastwird, an this eventually received the support o the Spainish Croun, as thay saw a chance tae enter the spice trade wi Asie throu a new wastwaird route. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the [[Americas|New Warld]] insteid o arrivin at [[Japan]] as he haed intendit, laundin on an island in the [[The Bahamas|Bahamas airchipelago]] that he named "San Salvador". Ower the coorse o three mair voyages, he veesitit the [[Greater Antilles|Greater]] an [[Lesser Antilles]], as weel as the [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] coast o [[Venezuela]] an [[Central Americae]], claimin aw o it for the Croun o Castile. Columbus wisna the first European explorer tae rax the Americas, haein been precedit bi the [[Vikings|Viking]] expedeetion led bi [[Leif Erikson]] in the 11t yearhunner,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/erikson_leif.shtml |title=History – Leif Erikson (11th century) |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151011-columbus-day-leif-erikson-italian-americans-holiday-history/ |title=Why Do We Celebrate Columbus Day and Not Leif Erikson Day? |publisher=[[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |date=11 October 2015 |accessdate=12 October 2015 |archive-date=2015-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012134156/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151011-columbus-day-leif-erikson-italian-americans-holiday-history/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> but his voyages led tae the first lastin European contact wi the Americas, inauguratin a period o European exploration, conquest, an colonisation that lastit several yearhunners. As a result, the voyages haed an enormous impact in the historical development o the modren Wastren warld. He spearheidit the transatlantic slave trade an haes been accuised bi twa-three historian o stairtin the genocide o the Hispaniola natives. Columbus hissel saw his accomplishments primarily in the licht o spreadin the Christian releegion.<ref name="EB-online">"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/127070/Christopher-Columbus Christopher Columbus (Italian explorer)]". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</ref> Columbus niver admittit that he haed raxed a continent thit afore wis unkent tae Europeans, raither nor the East Indies whaur he haed set coorse tae. He cried the indwallers o the launds that he veesitit ''indios'' (Spainish for "Indies").<ref name="Hoxie 1996 p. ">{{cite book |last=Hoxie |first=Frederick |title=Encyclopedia of North American Indians |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofno00hoxi |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co |location=Boston |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-395-66921-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofno00hoxi/page/568 568]}}</ref><ref name="Herbst1997">{{cite book |first=Philip | last=Herbst |title=The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UiZQH5gHuggC&pg=PA116 |year=1997 |publisher=Intercultural Press |isbn=978-1-877864-97-1 |page=116 |accessdate=2016-02-28}}</ref><ref name="Wilton2004">{{cite book |first=David |last=Wilton |title=Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cp0r3aa8EM8C&pg=PA164 |date=2 December 2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-517284-3 |pages=164–165}}</ref> His strained relationship wi the Spainish croun an its appyntit colonial admeenistrators in Americae led tae his reest an dismissal as govrenor o the settlements on the island o Hispaniola in 1500, an later tae protractit litigation ower the benefits that he an his heirs claimed war awed tae them bi the croun. ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Columbus, Christopher}} [[Category:Christopher Columbus]] [[Category:1451 births]] [[Category:1506 daiths]] [[Category:15t-century explorers]] [[Category:15t-century Italian fowk]] [[Category:15t-century Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Age o Diskivery]] [[Category:Apocalypticists]] [[Category:Buirials at Seville Cathedral]] [[Category:Colonial govrenors o Santo Domingo]] [[Category:Columbus faimily|Christopher]] [[Category:Explorers o Central Americae]] [[Category:Italian expatriates in Spain]] [[Category:Italian explorers]] [[Category:Italian explorers o North Americae]] [[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:History o Hispaniola]] [[Category:History o the Caribbean]] [[Category:1492 in North Americae]] [[Category:1490s in Cuba]] [[Category:1490s in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Fowk frae Genoa]] [[Category:Fowk o the Republic o Genoa]] {{Stub/Europe}} 7ckxu5tnndfxfvyhzifbmkqe5jwca8t 0 5610 923049 922962 2026-09-23T05:16:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Julie 2021}} {{Speciesbox |name= Domestic cat |status= DOM |image = Cat poster 1.jpg<!--please do not change without consensus, see talk page--> |image_upright = 1.2 |image_caption = Sindry teeps o domestic cat |genus = Felis |species = catus<ref name="Linaeus1758">{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=C. |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Holmiae |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |year=1758 |page=42 |chapter=Felis Catus |language=Latin |volume=1 |edition=Tenth reformed |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000798865/page/42}}</ref> |authority =([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])<ref name="MSW3fc" /> |synonyms= *''F. catus domesticus'' {{small|Erxleben, 1777}}<ref name=Erxleben>{{Cite book |last=Erxleben |first=J. C. P. |year=1777 |title=Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates cvm synonymia et historia animalivm. Classis I. Mammalia |location=Lipsiae |publisher=Weygandt |pages=520–521 |chapter=Felis Catus domesticus |chapterurl=https://archive.org/details/iochristpolycerx00erxl/page/520}}</ref> *''F. angorensis'' {{small|[[Karl Christian Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788}} *''F. vulgaris'' {{small|Fischer, 1829}} }} The '''domestic cat'''<ref name="MSW3fc">{{MSW3 Carnivora|id=14000031 |pages=534–535 |heading=Species ''Felis catus''}}</ref><ref name="ITIS F.c.">{{cite web |url= http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183798 |title=ITIS Standard Report Page: Felis catus |work=ITIS Online Database |year=2011 |publisher=[[Integrated Taxonomic Information System]] |location=Reston, Virginia |accessdate=14 December 2011}}</ref> ('''''Felis catus''''' or '''''Felis silvestris catus''''')<ref name="ITIS F.c." /><ref name="Driscoll">{{Cite journal |title=In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin Sackler Colloquium: From Wild Animals to Domestic Pets – An Evolutionary View of Domestication |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Macdonald |first2=D. W. |last3=O'Brien |first3=S. J. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=2009 |volume=106 |issue=S1 |pages=9971–9978 |pmid=19528637 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0901586106 |pmc=2702791 |bibcode=2009PNAS..106.9971D}}</ref>, elsewyes cried a ket or bawdrin, is a smaw, typically [[fur]]ry, [[Domestication|domesticatit]], an [[carnivore|carnivorous]] [[mammal]]. Thay are aft cried '''hoose cats''' whan keppit as indoor pets or semply '''cats''' whan thare is nae need tae distinguish thaim frae ither [[Felidae|felids]] an [[Felinae|felines]].<ref name="AHD">{{cite book |url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/housecat |title=Housecat |work=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |edition=Education.Yahoo.com online |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |year=2010 |accessdate=6 October 2010 |archive-date=2013-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022174554/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/housecat |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cats is aft valued bi humans fur companionship an thair huntin skills on [[vermin]]. Cats are seemilar in [[Cat anatomy|anatomy]] tae the ither felids, wi strang, flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, an teeth adaptit tae killin smaw prey. [[Cat senses]] fit a [[crepuscular]] an predatory [[ecological niche]]. Cats can hear soonds owerly faint or owerly heich in [[frequency]] for human lugs, sic as thon makit bi mice an ither smaw ainimals. Thay can see in near daurkness. Lik maist ither mammals, cats hae puirer [[colour veesion]] an a better [[Olfaction|sense o smell]] nor humans. Despite bein solitar hunters, cats are a [[social ainimal|social species]] an [[cat communication]] includes the uise o a variety o [[Ainimal communication|vocalisation]]s ([[Cat communication|mewin]], [[purr]]in, [[Trill consonant|trillin]], hissin, [[growlin]], an [[Guttural|gruntin]]), as well as [[cat pheromone]]s an teeps o [[Cat body leid|cat-speceefic body leid]].<ref name="Moelk">{{Cite journal |title=Vocalizing in the House-cat; A Phonetic and Functional Study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1944-04_57_2/page/184 |last=Moelk |first=Mildred |journal=The American Journal of Psychology |date=April 1944 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=184–205 |doi=10.2307/1416947 |jstor=1416947 }}</ref> Cats hae a heich breedin rate. Unner controlled breedin, thay can be bred an shawn as [[Cat registry|registered]] pedigree pets, a hobby kent as [[cat fancy]]. Failyie tae control the breedin o pet cats bi [[neuterin]] an the [[Abandoned pets|abandonment o umwhile hoosehauld pets]] haes resultit in lairge nummers o [[feral cat]]s warldwide, requirin [[ainimal population control|population control]].<ref name="Rochlitz">{{Cite book |last=Rochlitz |first=Irene |title=The Welfare of Cats |url=https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren |series="Animal Welfare" series |year=2007 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |pages=[https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren/page/141 141]–175 |isbn=1-4020-6143-9}}</ref> This haes contreibutit, alang wi habitat destruction an ither factors, tae extinction o mony bird species. Cats hae been kent tae extirpate a bird species within a speceefic region an mey hae contreibutit tae extinction o isolatit island populations.<ref>[http://laptop.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/impacts-feral-cats.pdf Impact of Feral Cats in Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720183723/http://laptop.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/impacts-feral-cats.pdf |date=2015-07-20 }}</ref> Cats are thocht tae be primarily, thou nae solely, responsible for the extinction o 33 species o birds, an the presence o feral an free rangin cats maks some locations unsuitable for attemptit species reestablishment in itherwise suitable locations.<ref>Winters, L, Walter GE [http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/NFWF.pdf IMPACTS of FERAL and FREE-RANGING CATS on Bird Species of Conservation Concern] American Bird Conservancy, 31 May 2005.</ref> Syne cats war veneratit in [[auncient Egyp]], thay war commonly believed tae hae been domesticatit thare,<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html |title=Study Traces Cat's Ancestry to Middle East |last=Wade |first=Nicholas |date=29 June 2007 |work=New York Times |publisher=[[New York Times Company|NYTC]] |location=New York |accessdate=2 April 2008}}</ref> but thare mey hae been instances o domestication as early as the [[Neolithic]] frae aroond 9,500 year ago (7,500 BC).<ref name="Science Magazine">{{cite journal |author=Vigne JD, Guilaine J, Debue K, Haye L, Gérard P |title=Early taming of the cat in Cyprus |journal=Science |volume=304 |issue=5668 |pages=259 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15073370 |doi=10.1126/science.1095335}}</ref> A genetic study in 2007 concludit that domestic cats are descendit frae [[African wildcat]]s (''Felis silvestris lybica''), havin diverged aroond 8,000 BC in [[Wast Asie]].<ref name="NYT" /><ref name="9500 years">{{cite web |title=Oldest Known Pet Cat? 9,500-year-old Burial Found on Cyprus |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html |accessdate=6 March 2007 |date=8 April 2004 |work=National Geographic News |publisher=National Geographic Society |archive-date=2022-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612150738/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oldest-known-pet-cat-9500-year-old-burial-found-on-cyprus |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cats are the maist popular pet in the warld, an are nou foond in awmaist every place whaur humans live.<ref name="SciAm">{{cite web |url= http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-taming-of-the-cat |title=The Evolution of House Cats |work=Scientific American |first=Carlos A. |last=Driscoll |author2=Clutton-Brock, Juliet |author3=Kitchener, Andrew C. |author4= O'Brien, Stephen J. |publisher=Nature Pubg. Group |location=New York |date=10 June 2009 |accessdate=26 August 2009 }}</ref> Thare are mair nor 70 cat breeds aroond the warld. Different associations proclaim different nummers accordin tae thair staundarts. The Internaitional Progressive Cat Breeders Alliance (IPCBA) recognises 73 cat breeds while TICA (The Internaitional Cat Association) recognises 58, CFA (The Cat Fanciers' Association) recognises 44 an Federation Internaitional Feline (FIFE) recognises 43 cat breeds.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Popular Cat Breeds|url = http://www.different-cat-breeds.com/popular-cat-breeds.html|accessdate = 14 September 2015|archive-date = 2015-10-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151015213739/http://www.different-cat-breeds.com/popular-cat-breeds.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==See an aa== * [[Wildcat]] {{Commonscat|Felis silvestris catus}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q20980826}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Cats|Cats]] [[Category:Invasive mammal species]] [[Category:Felis]] [[Category:Taxa named bi Carl Linnaeus]] {{Stub/Feline}} 5xu113lq927rhr06gwjhxtv8cn7a58d 0 6141 923026 921145 2026-09-23T01:56:28Z ~2026-49449-44 137632 923026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name= {{transl|ur|ISO|Urdu}} |nativename= {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|ur|اردو}}}} Lashkari (لشکری) |pronunciation= {{IPA-hns|ˈʊrd̪u|lang}} |image= URDUARAB.PNG |imagesize= 200px |imagecaption= '''Urdu''' in [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]] script <br>([[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaʿlīq]] style) |states= [[Pakistan]], [[Indie]], [[Bangladesh]] ("Bihari"), [[Nepal]]<!--, [[Mauritius]], [[Sooth Africae]]--><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd | title= Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Urdu | publisher=Ethnologue | accessdate=March 5, 2013}}</ref> |speakers = 66 million |date = 2007 |ref = <ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007</ref> |speakers2=Tot (only Urdu): 104 million (2010)<ref>{{cite web|last=Katsiavriades, Qureshi|first=Kryss, Talaat|title=The 30 Most Spoken Languages of the World|url=http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html|accessdate=5 March 2013}}</ref> <br>Tot (includin [[Hindi]]): 490 million (2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/guide/urdu/steps.shtml |title=A Guide to Urdu |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=2012-01-31 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525125610/www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/guide/urdu/steps.shtml |archivedate=2012-05-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |familycolor= Indo-European |fam2= [[Indo-Iranian leids|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3= [[Indo-Aryan leids|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4= [[Central zone]] |fam5= [[Wastren Hindi]] |fam6= [[Hindustani leid|Hindustani]]<ref name= ELL2>{{ELL2|Hindustani}}</ref> |fam7= Seann Punjabi<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2 (1930): 391-400.</ref><ref>Khalid, Kanwal. "LAHORE DURING THE GHANAVID PERIOD."</ref> |script= [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Urdu alphabet]] <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaʿlīq]])<br>[[Devanagari]]<br>[[Urdu Braille]] |nation= {{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{flag|Indie}} (states o [[Jammu an Kashmir]],<br> [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]]) |agency=[[Naitional Leid Authority]] (Pakistan);<br /> [[Naitional Cooncil for Promotion o Urdu Leid|Naitional Cooncil for Promotion <br>o Urdu Leid]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/ |title=National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language |publisher=Urducouncil.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref> (Indie) |iso1=ur|iso2=urd|iso3=urd|lingua=59-AAF-q (wi Hindi,<br>includin 58 varieties:<br> 59-AAF-qaa tae 59-AAF-qil) |map=Urdu_official-language_areas.png |mapcaption= {{legend|#FFCC2E|Auries where Urdu is offeecial or cooffeecial}} {{legend|#FDF72F|(Ither) auries where Hindi is offeecial}} }} '''Urdu''' {{IPA|ˈ|urdu}} ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|'''اُردُو'''}}}}, {{transl|ur|''Urdū''}}, {{IPA-hns|ʊrˈd̪u|pron|hi-Urdu.ogg}}), forby said '''Lashkari''' ('''لشکری''' ˈləʃkəri)<ref>http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf</ref>, is the heidmaist leid that is spak in [[Pakistan]]. It haes a different writin seestem that's taen frae the [[Arabic]]. There's 60-80 million native speakers, an 160 million tot. {{-}} ====== Letter Names and [[Phoneme]]s ====== {| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Isolated<br/>[[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]]<br/> {{ref|Nastaliq_forms|[N]}} ! colspan=4 | [[Phoneme]] ! colspan=3 | Urdu [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] [[Name]] {{sfn|Delacy|2003|p=XV–XVI}}<ref name=user.uni-hannover /> ! rowspan=2 | Unicode <br/> <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic">{{cite web |title=Extended Arabic Letter |url=https://unicode.org/ <!-- original url, now broken = https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/list-unicodeset.jsp?a=\p{subhead=Extended%20Arabic%20letter} --> |website=unicode.org |accessdate=7 May 1920<!-- implausible data as a placeholder, i accidentally deleted the version of this that had the info, and since then the unicode website has gone offline -->}}</ref><ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6">{{cite web |title=Based on ISO 8859-6 |url=https://unicode.org/ <!-- original url, now broken = https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/list-unicodeset.jsp?a=\p{subhead=Based%20on%20ISO%208859-6} -->|website=unicode.org |accessdate=7 May 1920<!-- implausible date as a placeholder -->}}</ref> ! colspan=2 | [[Nummer]] in <br/> Urdu [[alphabet]] |- ! [[Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ! [[Scots]] [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] ! style=font-size:90% | closest [[Phoneme]] in [[Scots]] ! style=font-size:90% | closest [[Phoneme]] in [[Inglis]] ! Nastaliq <br/> {{ref|fonts_1|[footnote 1]}} ! diacritics <br/> <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> ! Romanizations <ref name="user.uni-hannover" >{{cite web | title=Urdu Alphabet | url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | website=www.user.uni-hannover.de | accessdate=29 February 2020 | archive-date=2019-09-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="kindle project fluency" >{{cite book |last1=Project Fluency |title=Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately |page=Kindle Locations 66–67 |edition=Kindle |isbn=978-1539047803 |date=7 October 2016 }}</ref> ! ! <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> |- <!-- U+0627 {{lang|ur| الِف }} | alif <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 1= |=U+0627 - ا‎ - alef - ALEF<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ا | ا ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /ɑː/ /ā/ <br/> /ʔ/ /–/ }} <br/> <small>{{citation needed|i don't think it can do anything by itself without a vowel attached اَ اِ اُ آ but i guess they don't write those? but if we're regarding every possible diacritic that could be implied, shouldn't this list be much longer? And include the first letter of اردو / اُردو as some variation of u?|date=February 2020}}</small> | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|الف}}}} | {{lang|ur| الِف }} | ''alif''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''alef''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ا | U+0627 ]] | 1 | 1 |- <!-- {{lang|ur| بے }} | bē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 2= |=U+0628 - ب‎ - beh - BEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ب | ب ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/b/}} | | (example needed) | B in "bat" | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|بے}}}} | {{lang|ur| بے }} | ''bē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''beh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0628 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ب | U+0628 ]] | 2 | 2 |- <!-- {lang|ur| پـے }} | pē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 3= |=U+067E - پ‎ - peh<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: پ | پ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/p/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|پے}}}} | {{lang|ur| پے }} | ''pē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''peh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''pē''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: پ | U+067E ]] | 3 | 3 |- <!-- U+062A {{lang|ur| تے }} | tē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 4= |=U+062A - ت‎ - teh - TEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ت | ت ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7ffef; | {{IPA|/t̪/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|تے}}}} | {{lang|ur| تے }} | ''tē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''teh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''tē''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ت | U+062A ]] | 4 | 4 |- <!-- {{lang|ur| ٹے }} | ṭē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 5= |=U+0679 - ٹ‎ - tteh<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ٹ | ٹ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʈ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٹے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ٹے }} | ''ṭē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''tteh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''ṭē''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0679 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ٹ | U+0679 ]] | 5 | 5 |- <!-- U+062B {{lang|ur| ثے }} <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 6= |=U+062B - ث‎ - theh - THEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ث | ث ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7efff; | {{IPA|/s/}} | style=background:#f7efff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ثے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ثے }} | ''sē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''s̱ē'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ث | U+062B ]] | 6 | 6 |- <!-- jīm <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 7= |=U+062C - ج‎ - jeem - JEEM<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ج | ج ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| جيم }}}} | {{lang|ur| جِيم }} | ''jīm''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''jeem''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''jīm''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062C ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ج | U+062C ]] | 7 | 7 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: چ | چ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| چے }}}} | {{lang|ur| چے }} | ''čē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''cē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''tcheh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: چ | U+0686 ]] | 8 | 8 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ح | ح ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɦ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| بڑی حے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang|ur| بَڑی حے }} | ''baṛī ħē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''baṛī ḥē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ح | U+062D ]] | 9 | 9 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: خ | خ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/x/}} | "guttural" Kh <ref name="Aabid Kashani Ultimate" /> | ch in "loch" <ref name="Aabid Kashani Ultimate">{{cite book | last1=Kashani | first1=Aabid | title=Urdu: The Ultimate Beginners Learning Guide: Master The Fundamentals Of The Urdu Language | date=2019 | publisher=Dirk Alan Llorens? | edition=Kindle}}</ref> <!-- Kashani, Aabid. Urdu: The Ultimate Beginners Learning Guide. KindleEdition. Publication Date: February 24, 2020 --> | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| خے }}}} | {{lang|ur| خے }} | ''xē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''khē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''khah''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''k͟hē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062E ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: خ | U+062E ]] | 10 | 10 |- <!-- U+062F {{lang|ur| دال }} | dāl <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 11= |=U+062F - د‎ - dal - DAL<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: د | د ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/d/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|دال}}}} | {{lang|ur| دال }} | ''dāl''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''dal''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''dāl''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: د | U+062F ]] | 11 | 11 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ڈ | ڈ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɖ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ڈال }}}} | {{lang|ur| ڈال }} | ''ḍāl''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ddal''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''ḍāl''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0688 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ڈ | U+0688 ]] | 12 | 12 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ذ | ذ ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ذال }}}} | {{lang|ur| ذال }} | ''zāl''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ẕāl'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0630 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ذ | U+0630 ]] | 13 | 13 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ر | ر ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/r/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| رے }}}} | {{lang|ur| رے }} | ''rē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''reh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''rē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ر | U+0631 ]] | 14 | 14 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ڑ | ڑ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɽ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ڑے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ڑے }} | ''ṛē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''rreh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''ṛē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0691 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ڑ | U+0691 ]] | 15 | 15 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ز | ز ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| زے }}}} | {{lang|ur| زے }} | ''zē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''zey'' <!--''zē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0632 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ز | U+0632 ]] | 16 | 16 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ژ | ژ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ژے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ژے }} | ''žē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''zhē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> <!--''zhē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ژ | U+0698 ]] | 17 | 17 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: س | س ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7efff; | {{IPA|/s/}} | style=background:#f7efff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| سین }}}} | {{lang|ur| سِين }} | ''sīn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''seen''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''sīn''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: س | U+0633 ]] | 18 | 18 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ش | ش ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʃ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| شین }}}} | {{lang|ur| شِين }} | ''šīn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''shīn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''sheen''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''shīn''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ش | U+0634 ]] | 19 | 19 |- <!-- U+0635 {{lang|ur| صْواد }} | swād <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 20= |=U+0635 - ص‎ - sad - SAD<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ص | ص ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7efff; | {{IPA|/s/}} | style=background:#f7efff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| صاد }}}} | {{lang|ur| صْواد }} | ''swād''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''sad''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''ṣwād''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ص | U+0635 ]] | 20 | 20 |- | colspan=2 style="font-size:125%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ض | ض ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ضاد }}}} | {{lang|ur| ضْواد }} | ''żwād''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ẓwād''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0636 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ض | U+0636 ]] | 21 | 21 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ط | ط ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7ffef; | {{IPA|/t/}} <!--is this one also dental? as it is here it seems like it's the closest to European T, but they always translate English and German T as ٹ the retroflex --> | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| طوے }}}} | {{lang|ur| طوئے }} | ''tō’ē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''tah''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''tōē'' / ''t̤o'ē'' / ''toy'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ط | U+0637 ]] | 22 | 22 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ظ | ظ ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ظوے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ظوئے }} | ''zō’ē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''zōē'' / ''z̤o'ē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0638 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ظ | U+0638 ]] | 23 | 23 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ع | ع ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /ɑː/ /oː/ /eː/ <br/> /ʔ/ /ʕ/ /∅/ }} <br/> {{ref|ayn|(footnote)}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| عین }}}} | {{lang|ur| عَيْن }} | ''‘ain''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ain''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> ''ayn'' <!--''‘ain''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ع | U+0639 ]] | 24 | 24 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: غ | غ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɣ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| غین }}}} | {{lang|ur| غَيْن }} | ''ğain''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ghain''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''g͟hain'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=063A ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: غ | U+063A ]] | 25 | 25 |- <!-- U+0641 {{lang|ur| فے }} | fē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 26= |=U+0641 - ف‎ - feh - FEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ف | ف ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/f/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| فے }}}} | {{lang|ur| فے }} | ''fē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''feh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!-- ''fē'' --> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0641 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ف | U+0641 ]] | 26 | 26 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ق | ق ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/q/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|قاف}}}} | {{lang|ur| قاف }} | ''qāf''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''qaf''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''qāf''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ق | U+0642 ]] | 27 | 27 |- <!-- U+0643 - ك‎ - kaf - KAF<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> |- <!-- U+06A9 {{lang|ur| کاف }} | kāf <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 28= |=U+06A9 - ک‎ - keheh<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> -->   | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ک | ک ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/k/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| کاف }}}} | {{lang|ur| کاف }} | ''kāf''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''[[kāf]]''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ک | U+06A9 ]] | 28 | 28 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: گ | گ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| گاف }}}} | {{lang|ur| گاف }} | ''gāf''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''gaf''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''gāf''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06AF ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: گ | U+06AF ]] | 29 | 29 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ل | ل ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/l/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| لام }}}} | {{lang|ur| لام }} | ''lām''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''lam''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''lām''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ل | U+0644 ]] | 30 | 30 |- <!-- U+0645 {{lang|ur| مِيم }} | mīm <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 31= |=U+0645 - م‎ - meem - MEEM<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: م | م ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/m/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| میم }}}} | {{lang|ur| مِيم }} | ''mīm''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''meem''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''mīm''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: م | U+0645 ]] | 31 | 31 |- <!-- U+0646 {{lang|ur| نُون }} | nūn <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 32 U+0646 - ن‎ - noon - NOON<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ن | ن ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/n/ /ɲ/ <br/> /ɳ/ /ŋ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|نون}}}} | {{lang|ur| نُون }} | ''nūn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''noon''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''nūn''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0646 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ن | U+0646 ]] | 32 | rowspan=3 | 32 |- <!-- U+06BA {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }} | nūn-e ğunnah <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 32a= = U+06BA - ں‎ - noon ghunna<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ں | ں ]]}}}} | rowspan=2 | {{IPA|/[[Nasal vowel| ◌̃ ]]/}} <!--leave the spaces so the brackets don't eat the diacritic --> | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 | (example needed) | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| نون غنہ }}}} | rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }} | rowspan=2 | ''nūn-e ğunnah''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''noon ghunna''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> / ''nūn g͟hunnah'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ں | U+06BA ]] | rowspan=2 | 33 |- | colspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ٘ | ◌٘ ]]}}}} &nbsp; {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ٘ |  ٘ ]]}}}} &nbsp; {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh|[[:wiktionary: ـ | ــ٘ـ ]]}}}} | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0658 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ٘ | U+0658 ]] |- <!-- U+0648 {{lang|ur| واؤ }} | ''vāō'' / ''wāō''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 33= |=U+0648 - و‎ - waw - WAW<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: و | و ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /ʋ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /oː/ /ɔː/ }} <br/> {{ref|W_V_regional|[V/W]}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| واؤ }}}} | {{lang|ur| واؤ }} | ''vāō''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> /  ''wāō''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''waw''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''wā'o'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: و | U+0648 ]] | 34 | 33 |- <!-- U+06C1 {{lang|ur| گول ہـے }} | gōl hē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 34= |=U+06C1 - ہ‎ - heh goal<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ہ | ہ ]]}}}} | rowspan=2 | {{IPA| /ɦ/ /ɑː/ /e:/ }} | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 | (example needed) | rowspan=2 | | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| گول ہے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap | {{lang|ur| گول ہے }} | ''gōl hē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''heh goal''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> / ''gol hē'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06C1 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ہ | U+06C1 ]] | 35 | rowspan=3 | 34 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ه | ه ]]}}}} | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| چهوٹی هے }}}} | {{lang|ur| چهوٹی هے }} | čhōṭī hē <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ه | U+0647 ]] <br/> <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> | Arabic <br/> {{ref|gol_choti_arabic|[footnote]}} |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ھ | ھ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʰ/}} or {{IPA|/ʱ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| دو چشمی ہے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی ہے }} | ''dō-čašmī hē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / <br/> ''heh&nbsp;doachashmee''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <br/> / ''do-cashmī hē'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BE ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ھ | U+06BE ]] | 36 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ی | ی ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /j/ /iː/ /ɑː/ }} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| چھوٹی يے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی يے }} | ''čhōṭī yē''<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> / ''choṭī yē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06CC ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ی | U+06CC ]] | 38 | rowspan=2 | 35 <!-- hannover ref #35 --> |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ے | ے ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɛː/ /eː/}} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| بڑی يے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang|ur| بَڑی يے }} | ''baṛī yē''<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> / ''yeh&nbsp;barree''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06D2 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ے | U+06D2 ]] | 39 |- <!-- U+0621 <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref #0 | U+0626 <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 35a= |=U+0674 - ٴ‎ - high hamza<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> |- <!-- U+0621 - ء‎ - hamza - HAMZA<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ء | ء ]]}}}} | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh|[[:wiktionary: ء | ء ]]}}}} | rowspan=2 | {{IPA|/ʔ/ /∅/}} | rowspan=2 | {{ref|hamza|(footnote)}} | rowspan=2 | (example needed) | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}} | rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur|ہَمْزه}} | rowspan=2 | ''hamzah''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''hamza''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ء | U+0621 ]] | rowspan=2 | 37 | rowspan=2 | 0 or 35 |- | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ئ | ئ ]]}}}} | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh|[[:wiktionary: ئ | ئ ]]}}}} | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0626 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ئ | U+0626 ]] |- |} [[File:Lashkari Zaban calligraphy.png|thumb|270px|Tiotal cànain Lashkari ann an sgriobt Nastaliq.]] {{note|fonts_nastaliq|Nastaliq:}} See [[Nastaʿlīq]]. {{note|W_V_regional|V/W:}} {{note|hamza|Hamza:}} In the Urdu, hamza ء is silent in aw its forms apairt fae whan it is uised as hamza-e-izafat. The main hamza ء uiss in the Urdu is fur tae indicate a vowel cluster. In Urdu words, Hamza ء is aye attatcht ئ tae a form resemmlin the Arabic ى alef maksura [citation needit]. {{note|ayn|Ayn:}} Ayn ع in its initial عـ an final ـع poseition is uisually silent and is replaced by the forerinnin or follaein vowel soun. {{note|gol_choti_arabic|Arabic Ha:}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Hindustani leid]] [[Category:Urdu|*]] [[Category:Indo-Aryan leids]] fzi267sqf9apn2fqac4ju9xzgaya9w2 923050 923026 2026-09-23T05:25:18Z Veritas Sapientiae 98726 Reverted cross-wiki vandalism, see [[:m:Special:Diff/31072138|SRG]] – if you find this edit constructive, feel free to revert me. 921145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name= {{transl|ur|ISO|Urdu}} |nativename= {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|ur|اردو}}}} Lashkari (لشکری) |pronunciation= {{IPA-hns|ˈʊrd̪u|lang}} |image= URDUARAB.PNG |imagesize= 200px |imagecaption= '''Urdu''' in [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]] script <br>([[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaʿlīq]] style) |states= [[Pakistan]], [[Indie]], [[Bangladesh]] ("Bihari"), [[Nepal]]<!--, [[Mauritius]], [[Sooth Africae]]--><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.ethnologue.com/language/urd | title= Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Urdu | publisher=Ethnologue | accessdate=March 5, 2013}}</ref> |speakers = 66 million |date = 2007 |ref = <ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007</ref> |speakers2=Tot (only Urdu): 104 million (2010)<ref>{{cite web|last=Katsiavriades, Qureshi|first=Kryss, Talaat|title=The 30 Most Spoken Languages of the World|url=http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html|accessdate=5 March 2013}}</ref> <br>Tot (includin [[Hindi]]): 490 million (2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/guide/urdu/steps.shtml |title=A Guide to Urdu |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=2012-01-31 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120525125610/www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/guide/urdu/steps.shtml |archivedate=2012-05-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |familycolor= Indo-European |fam2= [[Indo-Iranian leids|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3= [[Indo-Aryan leids|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4= [[Central zone]] |fam5= [[Wastren Hindi]] |fam6= [[Hindustani leid|Hindustani]]<ref name= ELL2>{{ELL2|Hindustani}}</ref> |fam7= Seann Punjabi<ref>Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2 (1930): 391-400.</ref><ref>Khalid, Kanwal. "LAHORE DURING THE GHANAVID PERIOD."</ref> |script= [[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Urdu alphabet]] <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaʿlīq]])<br>[[Devanagari]]<br>[[Urdu Braille]] |nation= {{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{flag|Indie}} (states o [[Jammu an Kashmir]],<br> [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]]) |agency=[[Naitional Leid Authority]] (Pakistan);<br /> [[Naitional Cooncil for Promotion o Urdu Leid|Naitional Cooncil for Promotion <br>o Urdu Leid]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/ |title=National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language |publisher=Urducouncil.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref> (Indie) |iso1=ur|iso2=urd|iso3=urd|lingua=59-AAF-q (wi Hindi,<br>includin 58 varieties:<br> 59-AAF-qaa tae 59-AAF-qil) |map=Urdu_official-language_areas.png |mapcaption= {{legend|#FFCC2E|Auries where Urdu is offeecial or cooffeecial}} {{legend|#FDF72F|(Ither) auries where Hindi is offeecial}} }} '''Urdu''' {{IPA|ˈ|urdu}} ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|'''اُردُو'''}}}}, {{transl|ur|''Urdū''}}, {{IPA-hns|ʊrˈd̪u|pron|hi-Urdu.ogg}}), forby said '''Lashkari''' ('''لشکری''' ˈləʃkəri)<ref>http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf</ref>, is the heidmaist leid that is spak in [[Pakistan]]. It is in mony weys seemilar tae [[Hindi]] whan spak (the twa is mutually intelligable) it haes a different writin seestem that's taen frae the [[Arabic]]. There's 60-80 million native speakers, an 160 million tot. {{-}} ====== Letter Names and [[Phoneme]]s ====== {| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Isolated<br/>[[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]]<br/> {{ref|Nastaliq_forms|[N]}} ! colspan=4 | [[Phoneme]] ! colspan=3 | Urdu [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] [[Name]] {{sfn|Delacy|2003|p=XV–XVI}}<ref name=user.uni-hannover /> ! rowspan=2 | Unicode <br/> <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic">{{cite web |title=Extended Arabic Letter |url=https://unicode.org/ <!-- original url, now broken = https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/list-unicodeset.jsp?a=\p{subhead=Extended%20Arabic%20letter} --> |website=unicode.org |accessdate=7 May 1920<!-- implausible data as a placeholder, i accidentally deleted the version of this that had the info, and since then the unicode website has gone offline -->}}</ref><ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6">{{cite web |title=Based on ISO 8859-6 |url=https://unicode.org/ <!-- original url, now broken = https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/list-unicodeset.jsp?a=\p{subhead=Based%20on%20ISO%208859-6} -->|website=unicode.org |accessdate=7 May 1920<!-- implausible date as a placeholder -->}}</ref> ! colspan=2 | [[Nummer]] in <br/> Urdu [[alphabet]] |- ! [[Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ! [[Scots]] [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] ! style=font-size:90% | closest [[Phoneme]] in [[Scots]] ! style=font-size:90% | closest [[Phoneme]] in [[Inglis]] ! Nastaliq <br/> {{ref|fonts_1|[footnote 1]}} ! diacritics <br/> <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> ! Romanizations <ref name="user.uni-hannover" >{{cite web | title=Urdu Alphabet | url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | website=www.user.uni-hannover.de | accessdate=29 February 2020 | archive-date=2019-09-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="kindle project fluency" >{{cite book |last1=Project Fluency |title=Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately |page=Kindle Locations 66–67 |edition=Kindle |isbn=978-1539047803 |date=7 October 2016 }}</ref> ! ! <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> |- <!-- U+0627 {{lang|ur| الِف }} | alif <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 1= |=U+0627 - ا‎ - alef - ALEF<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ا | ا ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /ɑː/ /ā/ <br/> /ʔ/ /–/ }} <br/> <small>{{citation needed|i don't think it can do anything by itself without a vowel attached اَ اِ اُ آ but i guess they don't write those? but if we're regarding every possible diacritic that could be implied, shouldn't this list be much longer? And include the first letter of اردو / اُردو as some variation of u?|date=February 2020}}</small> | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|الف}}}} | {{lang|ur| الِف }} | ''alif''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''alef''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ا | U+0627 ]] | 1 | 1 |- <!-- {{lang|ur| بے }} | bē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 2= |=U+0628 - ب‎ - beh - BEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ب | ب ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/b/}} | | (example needed) | B in "bat" | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|بے}}}} | {{lang|ur| بے }} | ''bē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''beh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0628 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ب | U+0628 ]] | 2 | 2 |- <!-- {lang|ur| پـے }} | pē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 3= |=U+067E - پ‎ - peh<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: پ | پ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/p/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|پے}}}} | {{lang|ur| پے }} | ''pē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''peh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''pē''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: پ | U+067E ]] | 3 | 3 |- <!-- U+062A {{lang|ur| تے }} | tē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 4= |=U+062A - ت‎ - teh - TEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ت | ت ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7ffef; | {{IPA|/t̪/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|تے}}}} | {{lang|ur| تے }} | ''tē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''teh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''tē''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ت | U+062A ]] | 4 | 4 |- <!-- {{lang|ur| ٹے }} | ṭē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 5= |=U+0679 - ٹ‎ - tteh<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ٹ | ٹ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʈ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٹے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ٹے }} | ''ṭē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''tteh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''ṭē''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0679 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ٹ | U+0679 ]] | 5 | 5 |- <!-- U+062B {{lang|ur| ثے }} <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 6= |=U+062B - ث‎ - theh - THEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ث | ث ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7efff; | {{IPA|/s/}} | style=background:#f7efff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ثے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ثے }} | ''sē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''s̱ē'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ث | U+062B ]] | 6 | 6 |- <!-- jīm <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 7= |=U+062C - ج‎ - jeem - JEEM<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ج | ج ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| جيم }}}} | {{lang|ur| جِيم }} | ''jīm''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''jeem''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''jīm''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062C ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ج | U+062C ]] | 7 | 7 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: چ | چ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| چے }}}} | {{lang|ur| چے }} | ''čē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''cē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''tcheh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: چ | U+0686 ]] | 8 | 8 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ح | ح ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɦ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| بڑی حے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang|ur| بَڑی حے }} | ''baṛī ħē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''baṛī ḥē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ح | U+062D ]] | 9 | 9 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: خ | خ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/x/}} | "guttural" Kh <ref name="Aabid Kashani Ultimate" /> | ch in "loch" <ref name="Aabid Kashani Ultimate">{{cite book | last1=Kashani | first1=Aabid | title=Urdu: The Ultimate Beginners Learning Guide: Master The Fundamentals Of The Urdu Language | date=2019 | publisher=Dirk Alan Llorens? | edition=Kindle}}</ref> <!-- Kashani, Aabid. Urdu: The Ultimate Beginners Learning Guide. KindleEdition. Publication Date: February 24, 2020 --> | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| خے }}}} | {{lang|ur| خے }} | ''xē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''khē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''khah''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''k͟hē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062E ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: خ | U+062E ]] | 10 | 10 |- <!-- U+062F {{lang|ur| دال }} | dāl <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 11= |=U+062F - د‎ - dal - DAL<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: د | د ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/d/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|دال}}}} | {{lang|ur| دال }} | ''dāl''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''dal''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''dāl''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: د | U+062F ]] | 11 | 11 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ڈ | ڈ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɖ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ڈال }}}} | {{lang|ur| ڈال }} | ''ḍāl''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ddal''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''ḍāl''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0688 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ڈ | U+0688 ]] | 12 | 12 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ذ | ذ ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ذال }}}} | {{lang|ur| ذال }} | ''zāl''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ẕāl'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0630 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ذ | U+0630 ]] | 13 | 13 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ر | ر ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/r/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| رے }}}} | {{lang|ur| رے }} | ''rē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''reh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''rē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ر | U+0631 ]] | 14 | 14 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ڑ | ڑ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɽ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ڑے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ڑے }} | ''ṛē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''rreh''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''ṛē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0691 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ڑ | U+0691 ]] | 15 | 15 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ز | ز ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| زے }}}} | {{lang|ur| زے }} | ''zē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''zey'' <!--''zē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0632 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ز | U+0632 ]] | 16 | 16 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ژ | ژ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ژے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ژے }} | ''žē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''zhē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> <!--''zhē''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ژ | U+0698 ]] | 17 | 17 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: س | س ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7efff; | {{IPA|/s/}} | style=background:#f7efff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| سین }}}} | {{lang|ur| سِين }} | ''sīn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''seen''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''sīn''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: س | U+0633 ]] | 18 | 18 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ش | ش ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʃ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| شین }}}} | {{lang|ur| شِين }} | ''šīn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''shīn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''sheen''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''shīn''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ش | U+0634 ]] | 19 | 19 |- <!-- U+0635 {{lang|ur| صْواد }} | swād <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 20= |=U+0635 - ص‎ - sad - SAD<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ص | ص ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7efff; | {{IPA|/s/}} | style=background:#f7efff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| صاد }}}} | {{lang|ur| صْواد }} | ''swād''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''sad''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''ṣwād''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ص | U+0635 ]] | 20 | 20 |- | colspan=2 style="font-size:125%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ض | ض ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ضاد }}}} | {{lang|ur| ضْواد }} | ''żwād''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ẓwād''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0636 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ض | U+0636 ]] | 21 | 21 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ط | ط ]]}}}} | style=background:#f7ffef; | {{IPA|/t/}} <!--is this one also dental? as it is here it seems like it's the closest to European T, but they always translate English and German T as ٹ the retroflex --> | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| طوے }}}} | {{lang|ur| طوئے }} | ''tō’ē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''tah''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''tōē'' / ''t̤o'ē'' / ''toy'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ط | U+0637 ]] | 22 | 22 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ظ | ظ ]]}}}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | {{IPA|/z/}} | style=background:#dff7ff; | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ظوے }}}} | {{lang|ur| ظوئے }} | ''zō’ē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''zōē'' / ''z̤o'ē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0638 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ظ | U+0638 ]] | 23 | 23 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ع | ع ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /ɑː/ /oː/ /eː/ <br/> /ʔ/ /ʕ/ /∅/ }} <br/> {{ref|ayn|(footnote)}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| عین }}}} | {{lang|ur| عَيْن }} | ''‘ain''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ain''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> ''ayn'' <!--''‘ain''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ع | U+0639 ]] | 24 | 24 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: غ | غ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɣ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| غین }}}} | {{lang|ur| غَيْن }} | ''ğain''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''ghain''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''g͟hain'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=063A ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: غ | U+063A ]] | 25 | 25 |- <!-- U+0641 {{lang|ur| فے }} | fē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 26= |=U+0641 - ف‎ - feh - FEH<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ف | ف ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/f/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| فے }}}} | {{lang|ur| فے }} | ''fē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''feh''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!-- ''fē'' --> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0641 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ف | U+0641 ]] | 26 | 26 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ق | ق ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/q/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|قاف}}}} | {{lang|ur| قاف }} | ''qāf''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''qaf''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''qāf''--> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ق | U+0642 ]] | 27 | 27 |- <!-- U+0643 - ك‎ - kaf - KAF<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> |- <!-- U+06A9 {{lang|ur| کاف }} | kāf <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 28= |=U+06A9 - ک‎ - keheh<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> -->   | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ک | ک ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/k/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| کاف }}}} | {{lang|ur| کاف }} | ''kāf''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''[[kāf]]''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ک | U+06A9 ]] | 28 | 28 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: گ | گ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| گاف }}}} | {{lang|ur| گاف }} | ''gāf''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''gaf''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <!--''gāf''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06AF ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: گ | U+06AF ]] | 29 | 29 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ل | ل ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/l/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| لام }}}} | {{lang|ur| لام }} | ''lām''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''lam''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''lām''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ل | U+0644 ]] | 30 | 30 |- <!-- U+0645 {{lang|ur| مِيم }} | mīm <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 31= |=U+0645 - م‎ - meem - MEEM<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: م | م ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/m/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| میم }}}} | {{lang|ur| مِيم }} | ''mīm''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''meem''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''mīm''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: م | U+0645 ]] | 31 | 31 |- <!-- U+0646 {{lang|ur| نُون }} | nūn <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 32 U+0646 - ن‎ - noon - NOON<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ن | ن ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/n/ /ɲ/ <br/> /ɳ/ /ŋ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|نون}}}} | {{lang|ur| نُون }} | ''nūn''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''noon''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> <!--''nūn''-->   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0646 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ن | U+0646 ]] | 32 | rowspan=3 | 32 |- <!-- U+06BA {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }} | nūn-e ğunnah <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 32a= = U+06BA - ں‎ - noon ghunna<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ں | ں ]]}}}} | rowspan=2 | {{IPA|/[[Nasal vowel| ◌̃ ]]/}} <!--leave the spaces so the brackets don't eat the diacritic --> | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 | (example needed) | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| نون غنہ }}}} | rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }} | rowspan=2 | ''nūn-e ğunnah''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''noon ghunna''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> / ''nūn g͟hunnah'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ں | U+06BA ]] | rowspan=2 | 33 |- | colspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ٘ | ◌٘ ]]}}}} &nbsp; {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ٘ |  ٘ ]]}}}} &nbsp; {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh|[[:wiktionary: ـ | ــ٘ـ ]]}}}} | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0658 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ٘ | U+0658 ]] |- <!-- U+0648 {{lang|ur| واؤ }} | ''vāō'' / ''wāō''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 33= |=U+0648 - و‎ - waw - WAW<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: و | و ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /ʋ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /oː/ /ɔː/ }} <br/> {{ref|W_V_regional|[V/W]}} | | (example needed) | | style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| واؤ }}}} | {{lang|ur| واؤ }} | ''vāō''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> /  ''wāō''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''waw''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> / ''wā'o'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: و | U+0648 ]] | 34 | 33 |- <!-- U+06C1 {{lang|ur| گول ہـے }} | gōl hē <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 34= |=U+06C1 - ہ‎ - heh goal<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ہ | ہ ]]}}}} | rowspan=2 | {{IPA| /ɦ/ /ɑː/ /e:/ }} | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 | (example needed) | rowspan=2 | | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| گول ہے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap | {{lang|ur| گول ہے }} | ''gōl hē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''heh goal''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> / ''gol hē'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06C1 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ہ | U+06C1 ]] | 35 | rowspan=3 | 34 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ه | ه ]]}}}} | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| چهوٹی هے }}}} | {{lang|ur| چهوٹی هے }} | čhōṭī hē <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ه | U+0647 ]] <br/> <ref name=user.uni-hannover /> | Arabic <br/> {{ref|gol_choti_arabic|[footnote]}} |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ھ | ھ ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ʰ/}} or {{IPA|/ʱ/}} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| دو چشمی ہے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی ہے }} | ''dō-čašmī hē''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / <br/> ''heh&nbsp;doachashmee''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> <br/> / ''do-cashmī hē'' | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BE ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ھ | U+06BE ]] | 36 |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ی | ی ]]}}}} | {{IPA| /j/ /iː/ /ɑː/ }} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| چھوٹی يے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی يے }} | ''čhōṭī yē''<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> / ''choṭī yē''   | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06CC ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ی | U+06CC ]] | 38 | rowspan=2 | 35 <!-- hannover ref #35 --> |- | colspan=2 style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ے | ے ]]}}}} | {{IPA|/ɛː/ /eː/}} | | (example needed) | | style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| بڑی يے }}}} | style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang|ur| بَڑی يے }} | ''baṛī yē''<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> / ''yeh&nbsp;barree''<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06D2 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ے | U+06D2 ]] | 39 |- <!-- U+0621 <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref #0 | U+0626 <ref name=user.uni-hannover/> number in Hannover ref = 35a= |=U+0674 - ٴ‎ - high hamza<ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> --> |- <!-- U+0621 - ء‎ - hamza - HAMZA<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> --> | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ء | ء ]]}}}} | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh|[[:wiktionary: ء | ء ]]}}}} | rowspan=2 | {{IPA|/ʔ/ /∅/}} | rowspan=2 | {{ref|hamza|(footnote)}} | rowspan=2 | (example needed) | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}} | rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur|ہَمْزه}} | rowspan=2 | ''hamzah''<ref name=user.uni-hannover/> / ''hamza''<ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/> | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ء | U+0621 ]] | rowspan=2 | 37 | rowspan=2 | 0 or 35 |- | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq|[[:wiktionary: ئ | ئ ]]}}}} | style=font-size:125%; | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh|[[:wiktionary: ئ | ئ ]]}}}} | <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0626 ] commented out because unicode tech site has crashed 2020-05-15 --> [[:wiktionary: ئ | U+0626 ]] |- |} [[File:Lashkari Zaban calligraphy.png|thumb|270px|Tiotal cànain Lashkari ann an sgriobt Nastaliq.]] {{note|fonts_nastaliq|Nastaliq:}} See [[Nastaʿlīq]]. {{note|W_V_regional|V/W:}} {{note|hamza|Hamza:}} In the Urdu, hamza ء is silent in aw its forms apairt fae whan it is uised as hamza-e-izafat. The main hamza ء uiss in the Urdu is fur tae indicate a vowel cluster. In Urdu words, Hamza ء is aye attatcht ئ tae a form resemmlin the Arabic ى alef maksura [citation needit]. {{note|ayn|Ayn:}} Ayn ع in its initial عـ an final ـع poseition is uisually silent and is replaced by the forerinnin or follaein vowel soun. {{note|gol_choti_arabic|Arabic Ha:}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Hindustani leid]] [[Category:Urdu|*]] [[Category:Indo-Aryan leids]] 3a86zms4gxi8mdny1punvtjjt6kds52 0 9206 923089 889197 2026-09-23T10:57:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Great Lakes from space.jpg|thumb|250px|Eemage frae space]] [[File:Great-Lakes.svg|thumb|250px|Cairt o the Great Lochs]] The '''Great Lochs''' is a collection o [[fresh watter]] [[loch]]s locate in eastren [[North Americae]] on the [[Canadae]] - [[Unitit States]] mairch. Conseestin o Lochs [[Loch Superior|Superior]], [[Loch Michigan|Michigan]], [[Loch Huron|Huron]], [[Loch Erie|Erie]], an [[Loch Ontario|Ontario]], thay form the lairgest group o fresh watter lochs on [[the Yird]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/basicinfo.html |title=Great Lakes&nbsp;– U.S. EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |date=2006-06-28 |accessdate=2011-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201211425/http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/basicinfo.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111122929/http://biology.usgs.gov/luhna/chap6.html |url=http://biology.usgs.gov/luhna/chap6.html |archivedate=2012-01-11 |title=LUHNA Chapter 6: Historical Landcover Changes in the Great Lakes Region |publisher=Biology.usgs.gov |date=2003-11-20 |accessdate=2011-02-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Fereidoun|last=Ghassemi| year=2007|title=Inter-basin water transfer|url=https://archive.org/details/interbasinwatert0000ghas| publisher=Cambridge, Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-86969-2 }}</ref> Thay are whiles referred tae as the "Third Coast" bi some ceetizens o the Unitit States. == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Great Lakes}} [[Category:Geografie o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Geografie o Canadae]] {{Stub/USA}} {{Stub/Canadae}} thlg4azegkw8i2uigobfjv7yn81hyay 0 13857 923090 900800 2026-09-23T11:26:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.<br/> 哈飞汽车|caption=|type=[[Subsidiary]]|genre=|fate=Merged into [[Changan Ford]]|predecessor=|successor=|foundation=1980 <ref name="hafei1">{{cite web|title=历史长廊 1980-1985年|url=http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |access-date=2022-06-20|publisher=Hafei|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310111244/http://hafeiauto.com.cn/sub0101-5.php?type_id=10 |archive-date=2013-03-10}}</ref>|founder=|defunct=2015|location_city=[[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]]|location_country=[[China]]|location=|locations=|area_served=|key_people=|industry=[[Automotive]]|products=[[Motor vehicles]]|services=|revenue=|operating_income=|net_income=|aum=|assets=|equity=|owner=|num_employees=|parent=[[Chang'an Automobile Group]]|divisions=|subsid=|homepage=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050716004438/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/Hafei]|footnotes=|intl=}} '''Hafei''', officially '''Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.''' ({{zh|s=哈飞汽车}}), is a [[Cheenae|Cheenese]] hauldin company whose subsidiaries mak minivans, sma motor vehicles an automobile ingines.<ref name="about">[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Brief Introduction to HF Automobile Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} Hafei Official Site</ref> Subsidiaries include the auto-makin '''Hafei Motor Co Ltd'''<ref>[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=5503860 Hafei Motor Co., Ltd.] businessweek.com</ref> an the ingine maker '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine Co''' ({{SSE|600178}}), which is leetit on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]].<ref name="reuters">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA12402820080125 Dongfeng Motor eyes Hafei and engine maker-source] reuters.com, Fri Jan 25, 2008 5:27am EST</ref> '''Hafei''' branded caurs mey be rare ootside o thair hame region o north-eastren [[Cheenae]].<ref>[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ Hafei working on pure electric vehicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025062257/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2009/01/09/hafei-working-on-pure-electric-vehicle/ |date=2011-10-25 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2009</ref> ==History== [[Image:Chinacar.JPG|thumb|right|Hafei centre in Chile]] Hafei wis umwhile awned bi [[Aviation Industry Corporation o Cheenae]].<ref name="news"/> But promptit bi [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenese State]] policy encouragin the consolidation o automakers, in 2009 the [[Chang'an Motors|state-run parent]] o '''Chongqing [[Chang'an Motors|Changan Automobile]]''' ({{Szse|000625}}) teuk ower maist Hafei-relatit assets<ref name="news"/><ref name="xin">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-02/22/c_13182876.htm New policy to encourage China's carmaker consolidation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609204715/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-02/22/c_13182876.htm |date=2011-06-09 }} xinhuanet.com, 2010-02-22 10:27:20</ref> includin '''Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group''' an '''Harbin Dongan Auto Ingine ({{SSE|600178}})'''.<ref name="news">[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA28311020091110 UPDATE 2-Changan Auto claims China's No.3 spot with AVIC deal] reuters.com, Tue Nov 10, 2009 4:55am EST</ref> As o 2009, the company haes exportit products tae a tot o 40 nations,<ref name="about"/> includin Roushie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|title=Domestic auto makers foray into overseas market|last=Weiwei|first=Wang|date=31 August 2007|publisher=China Economic Net|accessdate=2009-08-06|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927105618/http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200708/31/t20070831_12750349.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Products== Products include: *'''Baili'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Lobo|Lobo]],<ref name="about"/> a smaw ceety car, which wis designed bi [[Pininfarina]].<ref>[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php ABOUT HAFEI (SINGAPORE)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907142059/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafei.php |date=2009-09-07 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> *'''Minyi'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Ruiyi|Ruiyi]]<ref name="about"/> *'''Saibao''', which wis designed bi Pininfarina. ** The Coda Sedan [[battery-electric vehicle]] frae [[Coda Automotive]] uises the Saibao III body wi different front an rear [[Fascia (caur)|fascias]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |title=Hafei Saibao EV: The First Chinese-made Car to Be Sold in the U.S.? |publisher=ChinaAutoWeb.com |access-date=2010-11-26 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722042726/http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/10/hafei-saibao-ev-the-first-chinese-made-car-to-be-sold-in-the-u-s/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |title=California-based Coda Automotive to sell rebadged Hafei Saibao III as electric sedan |author=Brian Pao |date=2009-06-04 |publisher=[http://carketchup.com CarKetchup] |accessdate=2010-02-27 |archive-date=2013-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904070939/http://carketchup.com/?p=24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''Saima''',<ref name="about"/> a sma ceety caur,<ref name="cct">[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ Hafei believes it can sell 270,000 motors in 08] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926031813/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2008/01/09/hafei-believes-it-can-sell-270000-motors-in-08/ |date=2012-09-26 }} chinacartimes.com, 9 JANUARY 2008</ref> which includes Mitsubishi technology.<ref name="pin"/> *'''Songhhuajiang'''<ref name="about"/> *[[Hafei Zhongyi|Zhongyi]],<ref name="about"/> designed bi Pininfarina<ref name="pin">[http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php ABOUT HAFEI (CHINA) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111085324/http://www.hafei.com.sg/abouthafeichina.php |date=2011-01-11 }} Hafei Singapore Official Site</ref> === Gallery === <gallery widths="200" heights="120"> File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Baili_HJF7090_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Baili File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Lobo_(front).jpg|Hafei Lobo File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_HFJ_6376.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Ruiyi_(front_quarter).jpg|Hafei Ruiyi File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Zhongyi_V5_001.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi V5 File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Minyi_M408.jpg|Hafei Minyi M408 File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Hafei_Minyi,_front_8.5.18.jpg|Hafei Minyi File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2013_Hafei_Xin-Minyi,_front_8.3.18.jpg|Hafei Xin-Minyi (Second generation Minyi) File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Luzun_Dabawang.jpg|Hafei Dabawang (Luzun-Dabawang) File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2012_Hafei_Luzun-Xiaobawang_(Minyi),_front_8.8.18.jpg|Hafei Xiaobawang (Luzun-Xiaobawang) File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_III_01_China_2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Saibao III File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saibao_V_01_China_2019-03-17.jpg|Hafei Saibao V File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafei_Saima_facelift_II_China_2015-04-18.jpg|Hafei Saima facelift </gallery>{{clear}} ==Production bases== Hafei haes production facilities in northren Cheenae.<ref>[http://www.insideline.com/dongfeng/another-china-merger-dongfeng-may-acquire-hafei.html Another China Merger? Dongfeng May Acquire Hafei] insideline.com, Jan 28, 2008</ref> ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/ Hafei Automobile Group Offeecial Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419014823/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/en/ |date=2013-04-19 }} {{zh icon}} *[http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm Hafei Automobile Group Inglis Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028015544/http://www.hafeiauto.com.cn/skin/hafei/en-index.htm |date=2007-10-28 }} {{Motor vehicle manufacturers o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}} {{Commons|Hafei vehicles}} {{Portal|Companies}} {{Commonscat|Hafei vehicles}} [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Caur manufacturers o Cheenae]] [[Category:Companies established in 1994]] 9b49pim1mgoa6ac99w7nwchdn939n3r 0 13977 923020 911015 2026-09-23T01:13:12Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Ammān |native_name = {{nobold|عَمَّان}} | native_name_lang = ar |settlement_type = Ceety <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = 20100923 amman24.JPG |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = A view frae Amman Citadel Hill |image_seal = |image_flag = Amman Jordan Flag.svg |pushpin_map = Jordan |pushpin_mapsize=300 |subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Jordan}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Jordan|Govrenorate]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Amman Govrenorate|Caipital Govrenorate]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = Aqel Biltaji |established_title = Foondit <!-- Settled --> |established_date = 7000 BC |established_title2 = Municipality <!-- Settled --> |established_date2 = 1909 |area_total_km2 = 1680 |area_land_km2 = <!--land area refers to the area without including water are for the port cities--> | population_total = 4,007,526 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 2380 | population_demonym = Ammani | population_note = |coordinates = {{coord|31|56|59|N|35|55|58|E|region:JO|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 777–1400 |elevation_ft = 2,564 |timezone =[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] +2 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = +3 | area_code = +962(6) |website = http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/index.asp |footnotes = }} '''Amman''' ({{pron-en|ɑːˈmɑːn}}; {{lang-ar|عمّان}}, ''ʿAmmān'') is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest ceety o the [[Hashemite]] Kinrick o [[Jordan]]. A ceety o ower 2 million indwallers (2010 estimate),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dos.gov.jo/home_e.htm |title=DoS Jordan |publisher=Dos.gov.jo |date= |accessdate=2010-07-04 |archive-date=2011-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304001541/http://www.dos.gov.jo/home_e.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> it is the kintra's poleetical, cultural an commercial centre an ane o the auldest continuously inhabitit ceeties in the warld.<ref>{{cite web |author=Business Optimization Consultants B.O.C. |url=http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/tourism1.html#History |title=Jordan - Touristic Sites - Amman |publisher=Kinghussein.gov.jo |date= |accessdate=2010-07-04 |archive-date=2018-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115010437/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/tourism1.html#History |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amman is the admeenistrative seat o the homonymous [[Amman Govrenorate|govrenorate]]. Amman wis named ane o the Middle East an North Africae's best ceeties accordin tae economic, labour, enviornmental, an socio-cultural factors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/abu-dhabi-voted-best-city-in-mena-region-news-international-kl0wuhjcbdc.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-11-29 |archive-date=2010-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130082450/http://sify.com/news/abu-dhabi-voted-best-city-in-mena-region-news-international-kl0wuhjcbdc.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Destricts== The ceety is admeenistered as the [[Greater Amman Municipality]] (GAM) an covers 27 destricts which include:<ref name="ammancity.gov.jo">{{cite web |url=http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/interactive/districts.asp |title=Greater Amman Muncipality - GAM Interactive |publisher=Ammancity.gov.jo |date= |accessdate=2013-11-24 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109003357/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/interactive/districts.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- | '''1''' || [[Al Abdali|Âbdali]] || '''4''' || Qwésmé, [[Al Juwayyidah|Jwaydé]], Abu Âlanda an Raqim || '''7''' || [[Al Muwaqqar|Müwaqar]] || '''10''' || Bader è Jadida|| '''13'''|| [[Al Jubayhah|Jbeyha]] || '''16''' || Mārka || '''19''' || Ohod || '''22''' || Şhafa Badran || '''25''' || Tlaâ’l Âli |- | '''2''' || Abu Nsér|| '''5''' || Yarmuk|| '''8''' || [[Al Muqabalayn|Mqabalayen]] || '''11''' || Basmān|| '''14''' || Khraybet essouq || '''17''' || Médina|| '''20''' || Rās ıl Êyn || '''23''' || [[Suwaylih|Swéyleh]] || '''26''' || [[Valley of the Orchads, Ammān|Vādi'l Sér]] |- | '''3''' || Um-Ožayna|| '''6''' || Jizah|| '''9''' || Bader|| '''12''' || Hüsbān|| '''15''' || [[Marj Al-hamam|Marj ıl Hamām]] || '''18''' || [[Naour, Jordan|Naûr]] || '''21''' || [[Sahab, Jordan|Sahāb]] || '''24''' || Tariq || '''27''' || Zahrān |} [[File:Aerial photograph of Amman (3).JPG|thumb|Aerial photograph o Amman]] [[File:Amman Streets.JPG|thumb|View o a roondaboot in Amman]][[File:Rainbow Street - 23 July 2008 (7).JPG|thumb|right|The Rainbow Cinema in Jabal Amman, locatit on [[Rainbow Street]]]] == Cultur == [[File:Jabel Webdeh Cafe Mbareh.JPG|thumb|A historic biggin in Jabel Webdeh]] [[File:Moabite Sarcophagus.jpg|thumb|A Moabite sarcophagus in Jordan Archaeological Museum]] [[File:King Abdullah Mosque at Night.jpg|thumb|Keeng Abdullah I Mosque, ane o the maist famous modren structurs in Amman.]] ===Cuisine=== {{See also|Jordanian cuisine}} The ''[[New York Times]]'' praised the cuisine o Amman. "You’ll fynd the bricht vegetables frae [[Lebanon]], crunchy [[falafels]] frae [[Sirie]], juicy [[kebab]]s frae [[Egyp]] an, maist recently, spicy meat dishes frae Jordan’s neebour, [[Iraq]]. It’s kent as the fuid o [[the Levant]]&nbsp;— a auncient wird for the aurie boondit bi the [[Mediterranean Sea]] an the [[Arabie Peninsula]]. But the fuid here isna juist the sum ofits [[calories]]. In this poleetically, releegiously an ethnically fraucht corner o the warld, it is a seembol o bloodlines an identity."<ref name="NYT-Cuisiiine">{{cite news|url= http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/travel/13choicetables.html| last= Pergament | first= Danielle | title= All the Foods of the Mideast at Its Stable Center |publisher= The New York Times| date= 13 January 2008}}</ref> == Sport == Amman-based fitball clubs [[Al-Wihdat]] an [[Al-Faisaly (Amman)|Al-Faisaly]] hae wan the naitional league several times. The [[2007 Asian Championships in Athletics]] an [[2009 IAAF Warld Cross Kintra Championships]] wur hauden in the ceety. Amman hosts the [[Jordan Rally]], whilk form pairt o the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[Warld Rally Championship]], becomin the lairgest sportin event hauden in [[Jordan]] iver. Amman an aa hosts the [[Sama Tournament]] whilk is a pairt o the Trillium Championship. == Internaitional relations == {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Jordan}} === Twin touns — sister ceeties === Amman is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp|title=Amman’s Relations with Other Cities|access-date=2010-11-29|archive-date=2008-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102224333/http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | * {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], [[Oman]] (1986) * {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] * {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabie]] (1988) * {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] (1988) * {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]] (1988) * {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]] (1989) * {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Sana'a]], [[Yemen]] (1989) * {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] (1990)<ref name="Beijing">{{cite web|url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/|title=Sister Cities|publisher=Beijing Municipal Government|accessdate=2009-06-23|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq6B2fdq?url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] (1992) * {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]] (1993) || * {{flagicon|United States}} [[Miami]], [[Unitit States]] (1995) * {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Doha]], [[Qatar]] (1995) * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] (1997) * {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]], (1997)<ref name="São Paulo2">{{cite web|url=http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/cidadesirmas/index.php?p=1066 |title=International Relations - São Paulo City Hall - Official Sister Cities |publisher=Prefeitura.sp.gov.br |date= |accessdate=2010-07-04}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algerie]] (1998) * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucharest]], [[Romanie]] (1999) * {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Nouakchott]], [[Mauritanie]] (1999) * {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunis]], [[Tunisie]] (1999) * {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Sofia]], [[Bulgarie]] (2000) * {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] (2000) || * {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Pretoria]], [[Sooth Africae]] (2002) * {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Tegucigalpa]], [[Honduras]] (2002) * {{flagicon|United States}} [[Chicago]], [[Unitit States]] (2004) * {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]] (2005) * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Milan]], [[Italy]] (2005)<ref name="Milan">{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/ContentLibrary/In%20Comune/In%20Comune/Citt%20Gemellate|title=''Milano - Città Gemellate''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano)|accessdate=2009-07-17|archive-date=2014-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410020744/http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2FContentLibrary%2FIn%20Comune%2FIn%20Comune%2FCitt%20Gemellate|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Calabria]], [[Italy]] (2005) * {{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnie an Herzegovinae]] (2005)<ref name="Sarajevo">{{cite web |url=http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=160 |title=Sarajevo Official Web Site : Sister cities |publisher=Sarajevo.ba |date= |accessdate=2009-05-06 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040906/https://sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=160%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]] (2005) * {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Central Govrenorate]], [[Bahrain]] (2006) * {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Bishkek]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] (2006) * {{flagicon|United States}} [[San Francisco]], [[Unitit States]] (2010) * {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] (2011) |} == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons|Amman}} * {{Wikivoyage|Amman}} * [http://www.triptojordan.com/content/amman-jordans-capital Amman Ceety Guide]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.co-ground.com/travel/photos/360_Amman_m.html 360 degrees panorama frae the Citadel Hill in central Amman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924053247/http://www.co-ground.com/travel/photos/360_Amman_m.html |date=2010-09-24 }} * [http://www.amman.net/index.php Amman interactive map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308112230/http://www.amman.net/index.php |date=2009-03-08 }} * [http://www.anajordan.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=44 Amman Discussion Forum {{ar_icon}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324070603/http://www.anajordan.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=44 |date=2011-03-24 }} * [http://www.jordanpic.com/photo/thumbnails.php?album=5 Amman photo Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928104927/http://www.jordanpic.com/photo/thumbnails.php?album=5 |date=2008-09-28 }} * [http://www.ianandwendy.com/Jordan/Amman/slideshow.htm Amman photo Slideshow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416082217/http://www.ianandwendy.com/Jordan/Amman/slideshow.htm |date=2009-04-16 }} * [http://www.ammancity100.gov.jo/en Wabsteid for Amman's centennial celebrations tellin the modren history o the ceety]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.csbe.org/urban_crossroads/introduction.htm Jordan Times Urban Crossroads airticles on Amman]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Amman]] [[Category:Airchaeological steids in Jordan]] [[Category:Caipitals in Asie]] [[Category:Ebreu Bible ceeties]] [[Category:Fertile Crescent]] [[Category:Populatit places in the Amman Govrenorate]] [[Category:Tourism in Jordan]] {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Ceety}} r119i1g7e41m2oeqol1aaalszzh8xah 0 14387 923034 917527 2026-09-23T03:31:14Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Beirut |other_name =Βηρυτός <small>(Greek)</small> |other_name =Beyrut<small>(Turkis)</small> |native_name = بيروت ''Bayrūt'' |other_name =Beyrouth <small>(French)</small> |settlement_type = Ceety |city_motto = BERYTUS NUTRIX LEGUM ([[Laitin]]) |image_skyline = Beirutcity.jpg |imagesize = 275px |image_caption = Beirut ceety skyline in the early 2000s |image_flag = Drapeau de Beyrouth.png |image_seal = BlasonBeyrouth4.jpg |image_map = |image_caption = |mapsize =100 best |map_caption = Location in Lebanon. The surroondin destrict can be seen on the map. |image_shield = |shield_size = |pushpin_map=Lebanon |pushpin_mapsize=300 |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_type1 = [[Govrenorates o Lebanon|Govrenorate]] |subdivision_name = [[Lebanon]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Beirut Govrenorate|Beirut, Caipital Ceety]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Bilal Hamad |area_note = |area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 20 | area_urban_km2 = 100 | area_metro_km2 = 200 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |population_as_of = | population_total = 750000 | population_urban = 1900000 | population_metro = 2250000 ~ 3000000 |timezone = +2 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = +3 |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E|region:LB|display=inline}} |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |latitude = 33°53' N |longitude = 35°30' E |website = [http://www.beirut.gov.lb/ Ceety o Beirut] |footnotes = }} '''Beirut''' ({{lang-ar|بيروت}}, ''Bayrūt'') is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an [[Warld's lairgest ceeties|lairgest ceety]] o [[Lebanon]] wi a population [[Beirut#Demographics|rangin frae some 1 million tae ower 2 million]] as o 2007. Locatit on a [[Leet o peninsulaes|peninsulae]] at the midpoint o Lebanon's coastline wi the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean sea]], it serves as the kintra's lairgest an main seaport, an an' a' forms the Beirut Metropolitan Aurie, which consists o the ceety an its suburbs. The first mention o this metropolis is foond in the [[ancient Egyp]]tian [[Amarna|Tell el Amarna]] letters, datin tae the 15t century BC, an the ceety haes been continuously inhabitit syne. Beirut haulds Lebanon's [[seat o govrenment]], an plays a central role in the Lebanese economy wi its ceety centre, [[Hamra Street|Hamra]], Verdun, an Ashrafieh-based corporate firms an banks. The ceety is the focal point o the kintra's cultural life, renouned for its press, theatres, cultural activities, an nichtlife. Efter the destructive [[Lebanese Ceevil War|Lebanese ceevil war]], Beirut unnerwent major reconstruction,<ref>[http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html Reconstruction of Beirut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116051421/http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmhamilton/reconstruct.html |date=2009-01-16 }}, Macalester College</ref><ref>[http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2004-10/2004-10-27-voa47.cfm?CFID=234705748&CFTOKEN=74239565 Lebanon's Reconstruction: A Work in Progress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427165527/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2004-10/2004-10-27-voa47.cfm |date=2007-04-27 }}, VOA News</ref><ref>[http://worldviewcities.org/beirut/elipsis.html Beirut: Between Memory and Desire], Worldview</ref> an the redesigned historic ceety centre, marina, pubs an nichtlife destricts hae ance again rendered it a tourist attraction. Beirut wis named the top place tae visit in 2009 bi ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name="NYTimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/01/11/travel/20090111_DESTINATIONS.html |title=The 44 Places to Go in 2009 - Interactive Graphic |location=Beirut (Lebanon);Washington (DC);Galapagos Islands;Berlin (Germany);Las Vegas (Nev);Hawaii;Vienna (Austria);Doha (Qatar);Dakar (Senegal);Phuket (Thailand);Chicago (Ill);Dallas (Tex);Bhutan;Florida Keys;Rome (Italy);Cuba;Penang (Malaysia);Seychelles Islands;Florianopolis (Brazil);Copenhagen (Denmark);Monument Valley;Great Britain;Cologne (Germany);Reykjavik (Iceland);Red Sea;Egypt;Deauville (France);South Africa;India;Kazakhstan;Buffalo (NY);Madagascar;Tasmania (Australia);Stockholm (Sweden);Alaska;Pennsylvania;Zambia |publisher=NYTimes.com |date=2009-01-11 |accessdate=2009-05-05 | first1=Zach | last1=Wise | first2=Miki | last2=Meek/}}</ref> It wis an aa leetit as ane o the ten liveliest ceeties in the warld bi [[Lonely Planet]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/lebanon/beirut |title=Beirut Travel Information and Travel Guide&nbsp;— Lebanon |publisher=Lonely Planet |date=2009-03-24 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}</ref> == Internaitional relations == {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Lebanon}} === Twin touns&nbsp;– Sister ceeties === Beirut is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {{Col-begin}} {{Col-3}} * {{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Athens]], [[Greece]]<ref name="twins">{{cite web|url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest|title=Twinning the Cities|publisher=City of Beirut|accessdate=2008-01-13|archive-date=2008-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest%23|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]] * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]], [[Fraunce]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]] * {{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Damascus]], [[Sirie]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libie]] {{Col-3}} * {{Flagicon|the United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]], [[Unitit Arab Emirates]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |title=Isfahan, Beirut named sister cities |accessdate=2007-05-02 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=MNA |pages= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012160800/http://mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=392389 |archivedate=2007-10-12 |quote= |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=2007-09-08|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq0Igk9U?url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait Ceety]], [[Kuwait]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[Unitit States]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |title=Beirut, Lebanon |publisher=Lacity.org |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05 |archive-date=2009-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502011637/http://www.lacity.org/SisterCities/html/23.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[Fraunce]] * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Marseille]], [[Fraunce]]<ref name="twins" /> {{Col-3}} * {{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico Ceety]], [[Mexico]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]] * {{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Quebec Ceety]], [[Canadae]]<ref name="twins" /> * {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] * {{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Split, Croatie|Split]], [[Croatie]] * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Strasbourg]], [[Fraunce]] * {{Flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenie]]<ref name="twins" /><ref name="Yerevan Sister Cities">{{cite web|url=http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&page_id=194|title=Yerevan Municipality&nbsp;– Sister Cities|publisher=© 2005–2009 [http://yerevan.am/?lang=3 www.yerevan.am]|accessdate=2009-06-22|archive-date=2011-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002075135/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=194&lang=3|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Col-3}} {{Col-end}} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Beirut]] [[Category:Amarna letters locations]] [[Category:Auncient ceeties]] [[Category:Auncient Greek steids in Lebanon]] [[Category:Auncient mints]] [[Category:Airchaeological steids in Lebanon]] [[Category:Caipitals in Asie]] [[Category:Populatit places in the Beirut Govrenorate]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Lebanon]] [[Category:Crusades]] [[Category:Hellenistic colonies]] [[Category:Mediterranean]] [[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Lebanon]] [[Category:Phoenicie ceeties]] [[Category:Phoenicie steids in Lebanon]] [[Category:Roman colonies]] [[Category:Roman steids in Lebanon]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 3rd millennium BC]] 7m5jvsukrhfsuw7esufusiqoq1op35r 0 15857 923041 886474 2026-09-23T04:04:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Boston |official_name = City of Boston |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = St._Paul_Street_MBTA_station,_Boston_MA.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = Flag of Boston.svg |image_seal = Seal of Boston, Massachusetts.svg |nickname = Beantown,<ref name="Nicknames1">{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/travel/boston/boston_nicknames/ |title=What's in a nickname? |accessdate=2009-04-08 |last=Dalager |first=Norman |work=The Boston Globe |date=2006-08-10 |archive-date=2008-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907082325/http://www.boston.com/travel/boston/boston_nicknames/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Hub,<ref name="Nicknames1"/> The Cradle of Liberty,{{sfn|Wechter|2009|p=14}} The Cradle of Modern America,<ref name="Nicknames1"/> The Athens of America,{{sfn|Wechter|2009|p=14}} The Walking City<ref name="Nicknames1"/> |motto = ''Sicut patribus sit Deus nobis'' ([[Latin]] "As God wis wi oor faithers, so mey He be wi us") |image_map = Boston ma highlight.png |map_caption = Location in [[Massachusetts]] heichlichtit in reid. The remainder o [[Suffolk Coonty, Massachusetts|Suffolk Coonty]] is heichlichtit in pink. |coordinates = {{coord|42|21|29|N|71|03|49|W|region:US-MA|display=inline,title}} |pushpin_map = USA2 |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Unitit States |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Unitit States}} |subdivision_type1 = Historic Kintras |subdivision_name1 = [[Kinrick o Ingland]], [[Kinrick o Great Breetain]] |subdivision_type2 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Massachusetts}} |subdivision_type3 = [[Colony|Historic Colony]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Province o Massachusetts Bay]] |subdivision_type4 = [[Leet o counties in Massachusetts|Coonty]] |subdivision_name4 = [[Suffolk Coonty, Massachusetts|Suffolk]] |established_title = Settled (toun) |established_date = 7 September 1630 (date o namin, [[Auld Style an New Style dates|O.S.]]) |established_title2 = Incorporatit (ceety) |established_date2 = 4 Mairch 1822 |government_type = [[Mayor–cooncil govrenment|Strang mayor – cooncil]] |leader_title = [[Leet o mayors o Boston|Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Thomas Menino|Thomas M. Menino]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]]), tae be succeedit bi [[Marty Walsh (politeecian)|Marty Walsh]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]]) |leader_title1 = [[Ceety cooncil|Cooncil]] |leader_name1 = [[Boston City Council]] |area_footnotes = |unit_pref = US |area_magnitude = 1 E+8|area_total_sq_mi = 90|area_total_km2 = 232 |area_land_sq_mi = 48|area_land_km2 = 125 |area_water_sq_mi = 41|area_water_km2 = 107 |area_urban_sq_mi = 1770|area_urban_km2 = 4600 |area_metro_sq_mi = 4500|area_metro_km2 = 11700 |area_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical aurie|CSA]] |area_blank1_sq_mi = 10600|area_blank1_km2 = 27600 |elevation_ft = 141 |population_as_of = 2012 <!-- Given separately to each figure because of differences --> |population_footnotes =<ref name="2010census">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST16&prodType=table |title=Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 – State – County Subdivision, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=March 23, 2011}}</ref><ref name="quickfacts">{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25/2507000.html |title=State & County QuickFacts – Boston (city), Massachusetts |date=January 10, 2013 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=February 5, 2013 |archive-date=2012-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203013517/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25/2507000.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Urban population">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua2k.txt |title=Alphabetically sorted list of Census 2000 Urbanized Areas |accessdate=2009-04-11|publisher=United States Census Bureau, Geography Division |format=TXT}}</ref><ref name="Metro population"/><ref name="CSA population"/> |population_total = 636,479 (US: [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|21st]]) |population_density_sq_mi = 12,900|population_density_km2 = 4980 |population_urban = 4,180,000 (US: [[Leet o United States urban areas|10th]]) |population_metro = 4,590,000 (US: [[Leet o Metropolitan Statistical Auries|10t]]) |population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical aurie|CSA]] |population_blank1 = 7,600,000 (US: [[Leet o Combined Statistical Auries|6t]]) |population_blank2_title = [[Demonym]] |population_blank2 = Bostonian |timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]|utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]|utc_offset_DST = -4 |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code|ZIP code(s)]]|postal_code = {{Collapsible list |title=53 total ZIP codes:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |title=ZIP Code Lookup – Search By City |accessdate=2009-04-20|publisher=United States Postal Service}}</ref> |02108–02137, 02163, 02196, 02199, 02201, 02203, 02204, 02205, 02206, 02210, 02211, 02212, 02215, 02217, 02222, 02228, 02241, 02266, 02283, 02284, 02293, 02295, 02297, 02298, 02467 (02467 also includes parts of Newton and Brookline)}} |area_code = [[Area codes 617 and 857|617 and 857]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]|blank_info = 25-07000 |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID|blank1_info = 0617565 |website = [http://www.cityofboston.gov/ cityofboston.gov] }} '''Boston''' (pronooncit {{IPA-en|ˈbɒstən||en-us-Boston.ogg}}) is the [[caipital]] o an maistmuckle city in [[Massachusetts]], an is ane o the auldest cities in the [[Unitit States]]. The maistmuckle city in [[New Ingland]], Boston is regardit as the unoffeecial "Caipital o New Ingland" for its economic an cultural impact on the hale o the New Ingland airt.<ref>{{cite book |title=50 one day adventures—Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire. |url=https://archive.org/details/daytripsnewengla0000stei |author=Steinbicker, Earl |year=2000 |publisher=Hastings House/Daytrips Publishers |isbn=0-8038-2008-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/daytripsnewengla0000stei/page/7 7]}}</ref> The city proper haed a 2009 estimatit population o 645,169 fowk, makin it the twintiet maistmuckle city in the kintra.<ref name="2010census"/> Boston is the anchor o a substantially bigger metropolitan area cried [[Greater Boston]] as weel, hame tae 4.5 million fowk an the tent-maistmuckle metropolitan area in the kintra.<ref name="Metro population">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2008/CBSA-EST2008-alldata.csv |title=Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area population and estimated components of change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (CBSA-EST2008-alldata) |accessdate=2009-04-11 |publisher=United States Census Bureau, Population Division |format=CSV}}</ref> Greater Boston as a commutin region includes sax Massachusetts coonties: Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Plymouth, Worcester,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/Boston_Worchester_Manchester_DemographicProfile19.doc |title=Boston Worcester Manchester Demographic Profile: Region 19 |publisher=[[Federal Transit Administration]] |date=2007-01-31 |accessdate=2010-08-30 |archive-date=2013-06-23 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HaHOhS2s?url=http://www.fta.dot.gov/documents/Boston_Worchester_Manchester_DemographicProfile19.doc |url-status=dead }} 21 pp.</ref> northren Bristol Coonty, aw o [[Rhode Island]] an pairts o [[New Hampshire]]; it is hame tae 7.6 million fowk, makkin it the fift-maistmuckle Combined Statistical Area in the Unitit States.<ref name="CSA population">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2008/CSA-EST2008-alldata.csv |title=Combined statistical area population and estimated components of change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (CSA-EST2008-alldata) |accessdate=2009-04-11 |publisher=United States Census Bureau, Population Division |format=CSV}}</ref><ref name="CSA PDF map">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/econ/census07/pdf/maps/ma/metro/33000us148m.pdf|title=Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-RI-NH Combined Statistical Area|year=2007|publisher=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2009-06-20}} Included in the CSA: MA counties: Bristol, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Suffolk and Worcester; NH counties: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham and Strafford; RI counties (entire state): Bristol, Kent, Newport, Providence and Washington (South County)</ref> == Sister cities == Boston haes aicht offeecial [[sister ceeties]] as recognised bi [[Sister Cities International]].<ref name="Sister city">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofboston.gov/arts/sistercity.asp |title=Boston Sister Cities |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=The City of Boston |archive-date=2009-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208224246/http://www.cityofboston.gov/arts/sistercity.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> The date column indicates the year in which the relationship wis established. [[Kyoto]] wis Boston's first sister ceety. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Ceety ! Kintra ! Date ! References |- | [[Kyoto]] | {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Japan]] | align=center | 1959 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.kyoto.jp/koho/eng/databox/sister.html |title=Sister and Other Associated Cities |accessdate=2009-04-05 |work=Kyoto City Web |publisher=City of Kyoto}}</ref> |- | [[Strasbourg]] | {{Flagicon|France}} [[Fraunce]] | align=center | 1960 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.strasbourg.eu/international/jumelage/accueil?ItemID=3719129003 |title=Twinning, cooperation and international solidarity |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=Strasbourg.eu |language=French |archive-date=2012-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611064058/http://www.strasbourg.eu/international/jumelage/accueil?ItemID=3719129003 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boston-strasbourg.com/ |title=Boston Strasbourg Sister City Association |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=Boston-Strasbourg Sister City Association (BSSCA) |archive-date=2009-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111011740/http://www.boston-strasbourg.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[Barcelona]] | {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] | align=center | 1980 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257218473_3,00.html |title=Twinning agreements – Boston |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=Barcelona City Council |archive-date=2008-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512195313/http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0%2C4022%2C229724149_257218473_3%2C00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona internacional - Ciutats agermanades|publisher=© 2006–2009 [http://www.bcn.es/catala/copyright/welcome2.htm Ajuntament de Barcelona]|language=Spanish|accessdate=2009-07-13|archive-date=2012-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127043638/http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | [[Hangzhou]] | {{Flagicon|China}} [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] | align=center | 1982 | align=center | <ref name="Sister city"/> |- | [[Padua]] | {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]] | align=center | 1983 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.padovanet.it/dettaglio.jsp?id=2867 |title=The twin cities of Padua |accessdate=2009-04-05 |date=2008-06-04 |work=Padovanet |publisher=Comune di Padova|language=Italian}}</ref> |- | [[Melbourne]] | {{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australie]] | align=center | 1985 | align=center | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=161&pa=2979&pg=1646 |title=Sister cities – Boston |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=City of Melbourne |archive-date=2009-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921174607/http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=161&pa=2979&pg=1646 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[Taipei]] | {{Flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Republic o Cheenae]] ([[Taiwan]]) | align=center | 1996 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm |title=International Sister Cities |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=Taipei City Council |archive-date=2011-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520154141/http://www.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[Sekondi-Takoradi]] | {{Flagicon|Ghana}} [[Ghana]] | align=center | 2001 | align=center | <ref name="Sister city"/> |} Boston an aa haes less formal friendship or pairtnership relationships wi a additional three ceeties. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Ceety ! Kintra ! Date ! References |- | [[Boston, Lincolnshire]] | {{Flagicon|UK}} [[Unitit Kinrick]] | align=center | 1999 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boston.gov.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=361&Itemid=3531 |title=Town twinning |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=Boston Borough Council |archive-date=2011-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520160801/http://www.boston.gov.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=361&Itemid=3531 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicbostons.com/ |title=Partnership of the Historic Bostons |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=Partnership of the Historic Bostons}}</ref> |- | [[Haifa]] | {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] | align=center | 1999 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haifa.muni.il/haifa/pages/boston.aspx |title=Boston |accessdate=2009-04-05 |publisher=Haifa Municipality |language=Hebrew |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016092232/http://www.haifa.muni.il/haifa/pages/boston.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | [[Valladolid]] | {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] | align=center | 2007 | align=center |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ava.es/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1136 |title=Valladolid and Boston have signed a protocol of friendship between the two cities |accessdate=2009-04-05 |date=2007-09-18 |author=Press Office of the Municipality of Valladolid |publisher=Ayuntamiento de Valladolid |language=Spanish |archive-date=2010-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328064628/http://www.ava.es/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1136 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Boston| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in Massachusetts]] [[Category:Coonty seats in Massachusetts]] [[Category:Erse American history]] [[Category:Erse-American cultur]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Massachusetts]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1630]] [[Category:Populatit places in Suffolk Coonty, Massachusetts]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Unitit States Atlantic coast]] [[Category:Varsity touns in the Unitit States]] [[Category:State caipitals in the Unitit States]] {{Stub/USA}} {{Stub/Ceety}} tofnsmv5ugt95jzwhm7z09ge1jagguk 0 15886 923057 909586 2026-09-23T06:35:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Municipality PT |official_name = Coimbra |image_flag = Pt-cbr1.png |image_shield = CBR.png |image_skyline = Almedina-CCBY.jpg |image_caption = |image_location = LocalCoimbra.svg |region = [[Centro Region, Portugal|Centro]] |subregion = [[Baixo Mondego]] |CIM = [[Região de Coimbra]] |district = [[Coimbra Destrict|Coimbra]] |parishes = 18 |leader_name = Manuel Machado |leader_party = [[Socialist Pairty (Portugal)|PS]] |coordinates = {{coord|40|12|40|N|8|25|45|W|type:adm1st_region:PT_dim:100000|display=inline,title}} |elevation = |elevation_min = 9 |elevation_max = 499 |area_total = 319.40 |population_as_of = 2011 |population_total = 143396 |patron = [[Elizabeth o Portugal|Rainha Santa Isabel]] |postal_code = 3000 |area_code = 292 |website = {{url|http://www.cm-coimbra.pt}} }} '''Coimbra''' ({{IPA-pt|kuˈĩbɾɐ}}) is a ceety in the [[Coimbra Municipality|municipality o Coimbra]] in [[Portugal]]. Although it served as the naition's caipital durin the [[Heich Middle Ages]], it is better-kent for its university, the [[University o Coimbra]], which, established in 1290, is [[Leet o auldest universities in continuous operation|ane o the auldest in Europe]] an the auldest academic institution in the [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese-speakin]] warld. There are mony airchaeological structures which date tae the [[Roman Empire|Roman era]], when Coimbra wis the settlement o [[Aeminium]], such as its well-preserved [[aqueduct]] an [[cryptoporticus]]. Similarly, biggins frae the period when Coimbra served as the caipital o Portugal (frae 1139 tae aboot 1260) still remain. Durin the Late [[Middle-Ages]], wi its decline as the poleetical centre o the [[Kinrick o Portugal]], Coimbra began tae evolve intae a major cultural centre, wi the foondation o the [[University o Coimbra]] in 1290. The [[university ceeties|university]], ane o the auldest in Europe, apairt frae attractin mony European an [[internaitional student]]s, is visitit bi tourists for its monuments an history. == Twin touns — Sister ceeties == {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Portugal}} Coimbra is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:<ref name="Coimbra Twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=128|title=Acordos de Geminação|publisher=© 2009 [http://web.archive.org/web/20071011035847/http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/ Câmara Municipal de Coimbra] – Praça 8 de Maio – 3000-300 Coimbra|language=Portuguese|accessdate=2009-06-25|archive-date=2009-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723230333/http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=128|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| cellpadding="10" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | *{{flagicon|France}} [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Fraunce]], syne 1982<ref>[http://www.aix-jumelages.com/ Association of twinnings and international relations of Aix-en-Provence]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mairie-aixenprovence.fr/article.php3?id_article=2981 |title=Mairie of Aix-en-Provence – Twinnings and partnerships |access-date=2011-02-24 |archive-date=2009-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113162049/http://www.mairie-aixenprovence.fr/article.php3?id_article=2981 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Mozambique}} [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]], [[Mozambique]], syne 1997 *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[USA]], syne 1982<ref name="dept">[http://www.cambridgema.gov/deptann.cfm?story_id=1597 "A Message from the Peace Commission: Information on Cambridge's Sister Cities,"] February 15, 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.</ref><ref name="thompson">Richard Thompson. [http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2008/10/12/looking_to_strengthen_family_ties_with_sister_cities/?page=full "Looking to strengthen family ties with 'sister cities',"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213617/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2008/10/12/looking_to_strengthen_family_ties_with_sister_cities/?page=full |date=2016-03-03 }} ''Boston Globe'', October 12, 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.</ref> *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Curitiba]], [[Brazil]], syne 1995 *{{flagicon|India}} [[Daman, India|Daman]], [[Indie]], syne 2004 *{{flagicon|East Timor}} [[Dili]], [[East Timor]], syne 2002 *{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Esch-sur-Alzette]], [[Luxembourg]], syne 2005 || *{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fes]], [[Morocco]], syne 1988 *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], [[Germany]], syne 1975 *{{flagicon|Macau}} [[Ilhas, Macau|Ilhas]], [[Macau]], syne 1998 *{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] *{{flagicon|Cape Verde}} [[Mindelo]], [[Cape Verde]], syne 1994 *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Padua]], [[Italy]], syne 1998 *{{flagicon|France}} [[Poitiers]], [[France]], syne 1979 || *{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Salamanca]], [[Spain]], syne 1980 *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Carlos]], [[Brazil]] *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Santa Clara, Californie|Santa Clara]], [[Unitit States|USA]], syne 1971 *{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Santiago de Compostela]], [[Spain]], syne 1994 *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Santos (São Paulo)|Santos]], [[Brazil]], syne 1981 *{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]], syne 1997<ref name="São Paulo">{{Cite web |url=http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 |title=Prefeitura.Sp – Descentralized Cooperation |access-date=2011-02-24 |archive-date=2008-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222805/http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="São Paulo2">[http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/cidadesirmas/index.php?p=1066 International Relations – São Paulo City Hall – Official Sister Cities]</ref> *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Yaroslavl]], [[Roushie]], syne 1984 *{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]], syne 2005<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cmisapp.zaragoza.es/ciudad/zaragozainternacional/hermanamientos.htm |title=Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza. Hermanamientos y Protocolos de Colaboración<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2011-02-24 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013163222/http://cmisapp.zaragoza.es/ciudad/zaragozainternacional/hermanamientos.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} <br><gallery class=center caption="Coimbra"> Coimbra-46-Praca do Comercio-2011-gje.jpg Coimbra-32-Neue Kathedrale-Figur-Volute-2011-gje.jpg Coimbra-alte Kathedrale-12-2011-gje.jpg Coimbra-Mosteiro de Santa Cruz-06-Westfassade-Brunnen-2011-gje.jpg Coimbra-Mosteiro de Santa Clara-a-Velha-16-2011-gje.jpg Coimbra-60-Alternative Szene-2011-gje.jpg Coimbra-90-Haeuser am Steilhang-2011-gje.jpg Coimbra-96-Arcos do Jardim-2011-gje.jpg </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Ceeties in Portugal]] [[Category:Coimbra| ]] [[Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals]] [[Category:Varsity touns]] d3ej22ffsrwrbpij1gwipk7u7tl238d 0 16320 923081 888844 2026-09-23T09:20:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune |name =Florence |official_name =''Comune di Firenze'' |native_name =''Firenze'' |image_skyline =Collage Firenze.jpg |imagesize =270px |image_alt = |image_caption =A collage o Florence showin the [[Uffizi]] (top left), follaeed bi the [[Palazzo Pitti|Pitti Palace]], a sunset view o the ceety an the Fontana del Nettuno in the [[Piazza della Signoria]] |image_shield =FlorenceCoA.svg |shield_alt = |image_map = |map_alt = |map_caption = |pushpin_label_position= |pushpin_map_alt = |coordinates = {{coord|43|47|N|11|15|E|display=inline,title}} |coordinates_footnotes= |region =[[Tuscany]] |province =[[Province o Florence|Florence]] (FI) |frazioni = |mayor_party = |mayor =[[Dario Nardella]] <br> ([[Democratic Pairty (Italy)|Democratic Pairty]]) |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 =102.41 |population_footnotes=<ref>'Ceety' population (i.e., that o the ''[[comune]]'' or municipality) frae [http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2009gen/index.html=Monthly demographic balance: January–April 2009]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]].</ref> |population_total=370702 |population_as_of=31 October 2010 |pop_density_footnotes= |population_demonym=Fiorentini |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m =50 |twin1 = |twin1_country = |saint =[[John the Baptist]] |day =24 June |postal_code =50121-50145 |area_code =055 |website ={{Official website|http://www.comune.firenze.it}} |footnotes = }} '''Florence''' ({{lang-it|'''Firenze'''}} {{IPA-it|fiˈrɛntse||It-Firenze.ogg}}, alternate obsolete spellin: '''''Fiorenza'''''; [[Laitin leid|Laitin]]: '''''Florentia''''') is the [[caipital ceety]] o the Italian [[Regions o Italy|region]] o [[Tuscany]] an o the [[provinces o Italy|province]] o [[Province o Florence|Florence]]. It is the maist populous ceety in Tuscany, wi 367,569 inhabitants (1,500,000 in the metropolitan aurie).<ref>Bilancio demografico anno 2008, dati [http://demo.istat.it/ ISTAT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709154623/http://demo.istat.it/ |date=2011-07-09 }}</ref> ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}} ===Twin touns—Sister ceeties=== Florence is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | * {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Arequipa]], Peru<ref>Patto di amicizia tra la città di Arequipa e la città di Firenze [Firenze – Arequipa]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.viaggiavventurenelmondo.it/nuovosito/eventi/cdoc/entry.php?id=107 |title=Avventure nel Mondo – Centro di Documentazione<!--Título generado por Muro Bot--> |access-date=2011-03-26 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722065707/http://www.viaggiavventurenelmondo.it/nuovosito/eventi/cdoc/entry.php?id=107 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Nazareth]], Israel * {{Flagicon|Palestine}} [[Bethlehem]], Palestine <ref name="BethlehemTwinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |title=Bethlehem Municipality |publisher=www.bethlehem-city.org |accessdate=10 October 2009 |archive-date=2010-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724140854/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/Twining.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Algeria}} [[Tlemcen]], Algerie <ref name="Coopération et Partenariat ">{{cite web |url=http://www.interieur.gov.dz/Cooperation/frmItem.aspx?html=6 |title=Accords ou jumelages entre Tlemcen et Florence |publisher=http://www.interieur.gov.dz |accessdate= }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary * {{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]], Australie * {{Flagicon|Eritrea}} [[Asmara]], Eritrea * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Dresden]], Germany<ref name="Dresden">{{cite web|url=http://www.dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php|title=''Dresden – Partner Cities''|publisher=Landeshauptstadt Dresden|accessdate=29 December 2008|archive-date=2007-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023054628/http://www.dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php|url-status=dead}}</small></ref> * {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Fes]], Morocco * {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], Armenie || * {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Isfahan]], Iran * {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], Turkey * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Kassel]], Germany * {{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], Ukraine * {{Flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait Ceety]], Kuwait * {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Kyoto]], Japan<ref name="Kyoto">{{cite web |url=http://www.city.kyoto.jp/koho/eng/databox/sister.html |title=Kyoto City Web / Data Box / Sister Cities |publisher=www.city.kyoto.jp |accessdate=14 January 2010 }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Malmö]], Swaden<ref name="Malmö twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.malmo.se/faktaommalmopolitik/internationelltsamarbete/vanortssamarbetet.4.33aee30d103b8f15916800032874.html|title=Malmö stads vänortssamarbete|publisher=© 2004–2009 [http://www.malmo.se/ Malmö stad], 205 80 Malmö, Organisationsnummer: 212000-1124|language=Swadish|accessdate=27 June 2009|archive-date=2007-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003810/http://www.malmo.se/faktaommalmopolitik/internationelltsamarbete/vanortssamarbetet.4.33aee30d103b8f15916800032874.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Palestine}} [[Nablus]], Palestine * {{Flagicon|China}} [[Nanjing]], Cheenae * {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Philadelphia]], Unitit States<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ivc.org/florence__italy |title=Florence, Italy |publisher=Ivc.org |date= |accessdate=26 June 2009 |archive-date=2012-09-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905180345/http://www.ivc.org/florence__italy |url-status=dead }}</ref> || * {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], Unitit States * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Reims]], Fraunce * {{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Riga]], Latvie<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |title=Twin cities of Riga |publisher=[[Riga City Council]] |accessdate=27 July 2009 |archive-date=2008-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204021323/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, UK<ref name="Edinburgh">{{cite web |url=http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_cities |title=''Edinburgh – Twin and Partner Cities'' |accessdate=21 December 2008 |publisher=The City of Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland |archive-date=2008-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328001653/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_cities |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil * {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], Unitit States<ref name="dept">[http://www.cambridgema.gov/deptann.cfm?story_id=1597 "A Message from the Peace Commission: Information on Cambridge's Sister Cities,"] 15 February 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.</ref><ref name="thompson">Richard Thompson. [http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2008/10/12/looking_to_strengthen_family_ties_with_sister_cities/?page=full "Looking to strengthen family ties with 'sister cities',"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213617/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2008/10/12/looking_to_strengthen_family_ties_with_sister_cities/?page=full |date=2016-03-03 }} ''Boston Globe'', 12 October 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.</ref> * {{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], Albanie<ref name="International relations">{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations (NB Florence is listed as 'Firenze') |accessdate=23 June 2009 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=www.tirana.gov.al |format=PDF |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216035358/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Turku]], Finland * {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Valladolid]], Spain * {{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Voždovac]], Serbie |} ===Pairtnerships=== * {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Kraków]] in Poland<ref name="Kraków">{{cite web|url=http://www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/?LANG=UK&MENU=l&TYPE=ART&ART_ID=16|title=Kraków otwarty na świat|publisher=www.krakow.pl|accessdate=19 July 2009|last=|first=}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Province o Florence}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Tuscany]] [[Category:Communes o the Province o Florence]] [[Category:Florence| ]] [[Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals]] [[Category:European Caipitals o Cultur]] <!--Other languages--> 32wa7cdupfqmy6neu3kr1ij8clrwmvh 0 17869 923029 910088 2026-09-23T02:20:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noscots}} {{Infobox poleetical pairty | country = Australia | name = Australian Democrats | logo = Australian Democrats.svg | colorcode = {{Australian politics/party colours|Democrats}} | foundation = 1977 |merger = [[Australia Party]] – [[New LM]] | ideology = [[Social liberalism]] | position = [[Centrism|Centre]] | headquarters = 711 South Road<br />Black Forest, SA 5035 | website = [http://www.democrats.org.au www.democrats.org.au] | international = }} The '''Australian Democrats''' is an Australian [[political party]] espousing a [[Social liberalism|socially liberal]] ideology. It wis formed in 1977, by a merger o the [[Australia Party]] an the [[New LM]], efter principals o those minor parties secured the commitment o umwhile Liberal meenister [[Don Chipp]], as a heich profile leader.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.australianpolitics.com/parties/democrats/history.shtml |title=Democrats History at |publisher=Australianpolitics.com |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2008-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906130909/http://www.australianpolitics.com/parties/democrats/history.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> The party's 30-year representation in the [[Parliament of Australia]] ended on 30 Juin 2008, efter the loss o its fower remainin [[Senate of Australia|Senate]] seats; twa o the senators haed retired frae politics an the ither twa war defeatit at the [[Australian federal election, 2007|2007 election]], in which the party polled anly 1.29% o the naitional Senate vote.<ref name="results.aec.gov.au">{{cite web|url=http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/website/SenateStateFirstPrefsByGroup-13745-NAT.htm |title=2007 Senate election: (National tally of) First Preferences by Group |publisher=Results.aec.gov.au |date=20 December 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> The party is based on the principles o honesty, tolerance, compassion an [[direct democracy]] throu postal ballots o aw members, sae that "there should be no [[hierarchical]] structure ... by which a carefully engineered elite could make decisions for the members."<ref name=thirdman>Chipp D and Larkin J ''The Third Man'' Rigby, Melbourne (1978) ISBN 0-7270-0827-7</ref>{{rp|p187}} Frae the outset, members' participation wis fiercely pertected in naitional an divisional constitutions prescribing internal elections, regular meetin protocols, annual conferences—and monthly journals for open discussion an balloting. Dispute resolution procedures war established, wi final recourse tae a party [[ombudsman]] an membership ballot. Policies determined bi the unique participatory method promoted environmental awareness an [[sustainability]], opposition tae the primacy o [[economic rationalism]] (Australian [[neoliberalism]]), preventative approaches tae human heal an welfare, ainimal rights, rejection o nuclear technology an wappens. The Australian Democrats war the first representatives o [[green politics]] at the federal level in Australia. Thay played a key role in the ''cause célèbre'' o the [[Franklin Dam#Inquiry, referendum and election|Franklin River Dam]]. The party's centrist role maks it subject tae criticism frae baith the right an left o the political spectrum. In parteecular, Chipp's umwhile [[Liberal Party of Australia|conservative]] affiliation wis frequently recalled by opponents on the left.<ref group="n">Such as the then [[Democratic Socialist Perspective|Socialist Workers' Party]] and early green-left parties such as the [[United Tasmania Group]].</ref> This problem wis tae torment later leaders an strategists who, by 1991, war proclaiming "the electoral objective" as a higher priority than the rigorous participatory democracy espoused bi the party's founders.<ref group="n">The first substantive reason given by rebellious senators for deposing leader [[Janet Powell]] in 1991 was her alleged failure to develop a media profile which would attract more electoral support. The first conclusive constitutional abandonment of founding principles was probably the July 1993, decision of the party's national executive to terminate monthly publication of the members' ''National Journal'' and to replace it with less frequent publication of glossy promotional material.</ref> Ower three decades, the Australian Democrats achieved representation in the legislatures o the ACT, South Australia, New South Wales, Western Australia an Tasmania as well as [[Australian Senate|Senate]] seats in aw sax states. Houiver, at the [[Australian federal election, 2004|2004]] an [[Australian federal election, 2007|2007]] elections, aw seiven o its Senate seats war lost.<ref name="results.aec.gov.au"/> In 2009, the party attempted tae reconstruct by reducing membership fees.<ref>''[http://www.democrats.org.au/news/index.htm?press_id=6620&display=1 Australian Democrats Begin Rebuilding with More Affordable Membership] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724005255/http://www.democrats.org.au/news/index.htm?press_id=6620&display=1 |date=2011-07-24 }}'' Party media release, 22 April 2009. Retrieved January 2010.</ref> Houiver, at the Mairch 2010 election held in South Australia (the party's registered home state<ref [http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Registered_parties/ad.htm Registered parties] at Australian Electoral Commission, 2010</ref>), the Australian Democrats attracted less nor ane percent o the Upper House vote. ==History== ===1977–79=== [[Image:DonChipp-1977.jpg|right|thumb|[[Don Chipp]], Democrats leader 1977–1986]] On the evening o 29 Apryle 1977, Don Chipp addressed an overflowing Perth Town Hall meetin which unanimously passed a resolution tae form a [[Centre-Line Party]], which Chipp wis invited tae lead<ref name=thirdman/>{{rp|p185}}—but he firmly declined tae reverse his avowed decision tae quit politics, haein resigned frae the Liberal Party an been offered a lucrative poseetion as a radio public affairs commentator. Houiver, at a meetin in the Melbourne Town Hall on 9 Mey, Chipp received a staundin ovation frae ower 3,000 fowk, includin umwhile Prime Meenister [[John Gorton]], an decidit tae commit himself tae leadin the new party which wis already bein biggit by a naitional steering committee.<ref name=thirdman/>{{rp|p186}} The name "Australian Democrats", already in informal currency,<ref>Hewat T & Wilson D ''Don Chipp'' (1978) p. 84: "[In mid-June 1977] the party ... was still without a formal name but operating as the Australian Democrats."</ref> wis confirmed bi the membership, bein the maist favoured o 56 alternative names on the postal ballot paper.<ref name=thirdman/>{{rp|p188}} The first Australian Democrats (AD) federal parliamentarian wis Senator [[Janine Haines]] who filled [[Steele Hall|Steele Hall's]] casual Senate vacancy for South Australia in 1977. Surprisingly, she wis nae a candidate when the party contested the [[Australian federal election, 1977|1977 federal elections]] efter Don Chipp haed agreed tae be leader an figurehead. Members an candidates war nae lackin in electoral experience, syne the Australia Party haed been contesting aw federal elections syne [[Australian federal election, 1969|1969]] an the [[Liberal Movement (Australia)|Liberal Movement]], in [[Australian federal election, 1974|1974]] an [[Australian federal election, 1975|1975]]. The party's broad aim wis tae achieve a [[balance of power (parliament)|balance of power]] in ane or mair parliaments an tae exercise it responsibly in line wi policies determined by membership. The grassroot support attracted by Chipp's leadership wis measurable at the party's first electoral test at the [[Australian federal election, 1977|1977 federal election]] on 10 December, when 9.38 per cent o the tot Lawer House vote wis polled an 11.13 per cent o the Senate vote. At that time, wi five Senate seats bein contested in each state, the required [[Droop quota|quota]] wis a daunting 16.66 per cent. Houiver, the first 6-year-term seats war won by Don Chipp (Vic) an [[Colin Mason]] (NSW). ===1980–82=== At a Melbourne media conference in 1980, Chipp describit his party's aim as tae "keep the bastards honest"—the "bastards" bein the major parties and/or politicians in general. This became a lang-lived slogan for the Democrats. The Australian Democrats' first naitional conference, on 16–17 Februar 1980, wis opened bi the distinguished nuclear physicist an umwhile governor o South Australia, Sir [[Mark Oliphant]], who said: <blockquote>''I was privileged to be in the chair at the public meeting in Melbourne when [Don Chipp] announced formation of a new party, dedicated to preserve what freedoms we still retain, and to increase them. A party in which dictatorship from the top was replaced by consensus. A party not ordered about by big business and the rich, or by union bosses. A party where a man could retain freedom of conscience and not thereby be faced with expulsion. A party to which the intelligent individual could belong without having to subscribe to a dogmatic creed. In other words, a democratic party.<ref>1980 Conference Proceedings, ''Beyond our Expectations''</ref>'' </blockquote> At the [[Australian federal election, 1980|October 1980 election]], the Democrats polled 9.25 per cent o the Senate vote, electing [[Janine Haines]] (SA) an twa new senators [[Michael Macklin]] (Qld) an [[John Siddons]] (Vic), bringin the party's strength tae five Senate seats frae 1 Julie 1981 . A South Australian by-election in the state seat o [[Electoral district of Mitcham (South Australia)|Mitcham]] (nou [[Electoral district of Waite|Waite]]) in 1982 saw [[Heather Southcott]] retain the seat for the Democrats frae [[Robin Millhouse]] syne 1955 (Democrat syne 1977), houiver it wis lost later that year at the [[South Australian state election, 1982|1982 state election]]. Mitcham wis the anly single-member lawer hoose seat anywhere in Australia tae be won bi the Democrats. ===1987–90=== It haed been expected that the Democrats wad find it difficult tae win seats at the next Senate election due in 1987. Houiver, thair task wis assisted bi the calling o a [[double dissolution]] election by Prime Meenister, [[Bob Hawke]]. This reduced the quota necessar tae win a seat tae 7.7%. In NSW (Paul McLean), Victoria (Janet Powell) an South Australia (Janine Haines), 6 year terms war won. In South Australia, a seicont senator (John Coulter) wis elected tae 3 year term, an short terms war an aa won Michael Macklin in Queensland an Jean Jenkins in Western Australia. ===1990–91=== <!--Pic of Janine Haines lifted because it lacks orig creator's permission--> :''See [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ApT9ZZs5vM 'Give a Damn: Vote Democrat 1'] campaign commercial'' 1990 saw the courageous voluntary departure frae the Senate o [[Janine Haines]] (a step wi which nae aw Democrats agreed) an the narrow failure o her strategic goal o winnin the House o Representatives kent as the seat o [[Division of Kingston|Kingston]]. Her casual vacancy wis filled by [[Meg Lees]] several months afore the arrival o [[Cheryl Kernot]], elected tae replace the retiring deputy leader [[Michael Macklin]]. The ambitious Kernot immediately contested the Senate leadership. Bein unemployed at the time, she requested an obtained party funds tae pey for her traivel tae address members in aw seiven divisions.<ref>AD ''National Journal'' June 1990, p.5</ref> In the event, Victorian [[Janet Powell]] wis elected as leader an [[John Coulter (politeecian)|John Coulter]] wis chosen as deputy leader. Despite the loss o Haines an the WA Senate seat (throu an inconsistent naitional preference agreement wi the ALP), the 1990 federal election heralded something o a rebirth for the party, wi a dramatic rise in primary vote. This wis at the same time as an economic [[recession]] wis building, an events sic as the [[Gulf War]] in Kuwait war beginnin tae shepherd issues o globalisation an transnational tred on tae naitional government agendas. {| Style="float:left;padding:1px 3px;margin:0 8px 5px 0;Background:#eee;Border:2px outset #AAA; -moz-border-radius:15px" |- || '''Election Results<br />Senate – Naitional''' {{center| *[[Australian federal election, 1977|1977]]: 11.1% *[[Australian federal election, 1980|1980]]: {{0}}9.3% *[[Australian federal election, 1983|1983]]: {{0}}9.6% *[[Australian federal election, 1984|1984]]: {{0}}7.6% *[[Australian federal election, 1987|1987]]: {{0}}8.5% *[[Australian federal election, 1990|1990]]: 12.6% *[[Australian federal election, 1993|1993]]: {{0}}5.3% *[[Australian federal election, 1996|1996]]: 10.8% *[[Australian federal election, 1998|1998]]: {{0}}8.4% *[[Australian federal election, 2001|2001]]: {{0}}7.3% *[[Australian federal election, 2004|2004]]: {{0}}2.1% *[[Australian federal election, 2007|2007]]: {{0}}1.3% *[[Australian federal election, 2010|2010]]: {{0}}0.6% }} |} Virtually alone on the Australian political landscape, Janet Powell consistently attacked baith the government an opposition which haed closed ranks in support o the Gulf War. Whereas the House o Representatives wis sicweys able tae avoid ony debate aboot the war an Australia's participation,<ref group="n">The sole independent member in the House, [[Ted Mack (politeecian)|Ted Mack]], was unable to launch his critical motion for lack of a seconder.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=377294&TABLE=HANSARDR |title=Ted Mack's speech on Gulf War |publisher=Parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2011-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628202857/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=377294&TABLE=HANSARDR |url-status=dead }}</ref> the Democrats teuk full advantage o the opportunity tae muive for a debate in the Senate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=393706&TABLE=HANSARDS |title=',Senate Hansard',, 21&nbsp;Jan 1991 |publisher=Parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2011-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604000618/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=393706&TABLE=HANSARDS |url-status=dead }}</ref> Possibly acause o the party's opposition tae the Gulf War, thare wis mass-media antipathy an negative publicity which some construed as poor performance by Janet Powell. She wis criticised for the party's staundin appearin stalled at aboot 10%, which in licht o future performance can nou be seen as heichly creditable.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} Afore 12 month o her leadership haed passed, the South Australian an Queensland divisions war circulating the party's first-ever petition tae criticise an oust the parliamentary leader. The explicit grunds relatit tae Powell's alleged responsibility for poor AD ratings in Gallup an ither media surveys o potential voting support. When this charge wis deemed insufficient, interested party officers an senators reinforced it wi negative [[News leak|media 'leaks']] anent her openly established relationship wi [[Sid Spindler]] an exposure o administrative failings resultin in excessive overtime tae a staff member. Wi Naitional Executive blessing, the party room pre-empted the ballot by replacing the leader wi deputy [[John Coulter (politeecian)|John Coulter]]. In the process, severe internal divisions war generated. Ane major collateral casualty wis the party whip [[Paul McLean (Australian politeecian)|Paul McLean]] who resigned an quit the Senate in disgust at what he perceived as in-fechtin atween close friends. The casual NSW vacancy creatit by his resignation wis filled by [[Karin Sowada]]. Powell duly left the party, alang wi mony leadin figures o the Victorian branch o the party, an unsuccessfully stood as an Independent candidate when her term expired. In later years, she campaigned for the Australian Greens. ==Policy== The party's oreeginal support base consisted o voters alienated by perceived unproductive adversarial conflict atween the twa mainstream parties an an emerging new constituency o fowk wi a desire tae participate mair effectively in government an tae promote concerns for [[environmental protection]] an [[social justice]]. The party aimed tae combine liberal social policies wi centrist, parteecularly neo-[[Keynesian economics]] an a progressive environmental platform. The oreeginal agenda included [[economic interventionism|interventionist economic]] policies, commitment tae [[environmentalism|environmental]] causes, support for [[wiktionary:reconciliation|reconciliation]] wi Australia's [[Indigenous Australians|indigenous population]] throu sic mechanisms as formal treaties, [[pacifism|pacifist]] approaches tae internaitional relations, open government, constitutional reform, progressive approaches tae social issues sic as sexuality an drugs, an strong support for [[human rights]] an civil liberties. Its membership largely comprised [[tertiary education|tertiary-educated]] an [[middle class|middle-class]] constituents. The party an aa appealed tae voters opposed tae untrammelled government power an wishing tae hae alternative views aired in parliaments an media. The party haes a platform o [[participatory democracy]], wi policies supporting [[proportional representation]] an [[citizen initiated referendum|citizen-initiated referenda]]. Mony important internal issues (sic as electoral preselection an leadership) are decidit by direct postal ballot o the membership. Awtho policies are theoretically set in a seemilar fashion, Australian Democrats parliamentarians generally haed extensive freedom in interpreting them. Houiver, by 1980, the Australian Democrats haed employed the postal-ballot method at baith naitional at state levels tae develop an extensive body o written policy covering nae anly the political agendas o the day but an aa innovative an far-sighted policies for environmental an economic sustainability, watter an energy conservation, e.g., throu development o alternative energy soorces, expanded public transport, etc. Tae the community's growin concerns aboot human rights, the Australian Democrats added finely detailed policies on ainimal welfare an species preservation. The material is available in election manifestos an copies o the party's journals, obtainable in major public libraries. In 2009, as pairt o the Rebuild process, the party annoonced a comprehensive review o aw policies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democrats.org.au/policies/ |title=Australian Democrats : Policies Of The Australian Democrats |publisher=Democrats.org.au |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721212811/http://www.democrats.org.au/policies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Electoral fortunes== {{Original research|section|date=November 2007}} The Australian Democrats' electoral fortunes hae fluctuated throughout thair history. During the [[Bob Hawke|Hawke]] an [[Paul Keating|Keating]] [[Australian Labor Pairty|Labor]] Governments (1983–96), the Australian Democrats held a theoretical balance o power in the Senate: the nummers war sic that thay coud team wi Labor tae pass legislation, or team wi the Coalition tae block legislation on occasions when the Coalition decidit tae oppose a government bill. Thair power wis weakened in 1996 efter the [[Howard Government]] wis elected, an a Labor senator, [[Mal Colston]], resigned frae the Labor party. This meant that the Australian Democrats nou shared the parliamentary balance o power wi twa Independent senators. As a result, the Coalition government coud eften bypass the Australian Democrats, an pass legislation by negotiating wi Colston an [[Brian Harradine]]. Follaein [[Australian federal election, 1998|the 1998 election]] the Australian Democrats again held the balance o power, until the Coalition gained a Senate majority at [[Australian federal election, 2004|the 2004 election]]. The Hawke an Keating governments pursued economic policies that drew on [[economic rationalism|economic rationalist]] an [[neoliberalism|neo-liberal]] thocht, an the Australian Democrats poseetioned themselves tae the left o the ALP government, an sicweys at the left end o mainstream Australian politics. Thair appeal (and focus on issues beyond the uisual "economic" ones that monopolised major party attention) wis always greatest amongst tertiary-educated voters. Houiver, the party's progressive politics an aa remained attractive tae a sizeable section o mainly middle class ("wet") [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] supporters – eften female, an eften disparagingly describit on the right o the Liberal Party as "Soccer Mums" or "Doctor's Wives" – who war turned off bi the Liberal party's social conservatism an "Reagonomic/Thatcherite" economic policies. Mony Liberals saw thair support o the Australian Democrats in the Senate as haein "an each way bet", ameliorating the effect o thair support for the Liberals in the House o Representatives – an attitude positively fostered, nae unsurprisingly, by Democrat politicians an campaigners. Cheryl Kernot became leader in 1993. She haed strong media appeal, which increased media an public awareness o hersel an the party. She wis kent tae hae interests in industrial relations an wis able tae cultivate solit relationships wi Labor government frontbenchers, which an aa added tae her credibility in the press gallery. Lack o clear direction ither than, possibly, senators' common ambition tae play a mair productive role in government manifested itself in tensions ower Cheryl Kernot's policy on [[industrial relations]] (see the [[Workplace Relations Act 1996]]). Unner Kernot, efter negotiations an some compromises frae the government, the Australian Democrats voted for the Howard Government's right-leaning industrial relations legislation which decreased union power an allowed a lairger role for individual employer-employee contracts.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} [[Image:Natasha-Stott-Despoja.jpg|thumb|right|[[Natasha Stott Despoja]]]] Kernot, houiver, remained broadly opposed tae the Liberal government. This, thegither wi her personal ambition for a role in government,{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} led her tae defect tae the ALP in 1997. In the [[Australian federal election, 1998|1998 federal election]], the Democrats' candidate [[John Schumann]] came within 3 per cent o takkin Liberal Foreign Meenister [[Alexander Downer]]'s seat o [[Division of Mayo|Mayo]] in the Adelaide Hills unner Australia's [[preferential voting]] seestem. Internal conflict an leadership tensions frae 2000 tae 2002, blamed on the party's support for the Government's [[Goods and Services Tax (Australia)|Goods and Services Tax]] (GST), wis damaging tae the Democrats. In 1998 the Australian Democrats campaigned on supporting taxation reform an a modified GST platform, opposing the GST on fuid an beuks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;adv=;db=;group=;holdingType=;id=;orderBy=alphaAss;page=;query=%28Dataset%3Apartypol,lcatalog,jrnart,jrnart88%20SearchCategory_Phrase%3A%22library%22%29%20Speech_Phrase%3A%22yes%22%20Dataset_Phrase%3A%22partypol%22;querytype=;rec=3;resCount= |title=Australian Democrats Campaign Launch Speech 1998 |publisher=Parlinfo.aph.gov.au |date=20 September 1998 |accessdate=1 February 2011}}</ref> In 1999, efter negotiations wi Prime Meenister [[John Howard|Howard]], [[Meg Lees]] an [[Andrew Murray]] agreed tae support the A New Tax seestem (ANTS) legislation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?ContentID=167&NavID= |title=Australian Treasury: Tax Reform: Not a New Tax, A New Tax System |publisher=Treasury.gov.au |date=1 August 1998 |accessdate=1 February 2011 |archive-date=2011-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315151452/https://www.treasury.gov.au/contentitem.asp?ContentID=167&NavID= |url-status=dead }}</ref> wi exemptions frae GST for maist fuid an some medicines, as well as mony environmental an social concessions.<ref>Senator Meg Lees’s address to the Australian Democrats’ National Conference, Brisbane, 20 January 2001 [http://australianpolitics.com/parties/democrats/01-01-20lees-speech.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927184311/http://australianpolitics.com/parties/democrats/01-01-20lees-speech.pdf |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> Five Australian Democrats senators voted in favour.<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|first=Alexandra|last= Kirk|title=Democrats make good on GST compromise deal|date=19 June 1999|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/stories/s31775.htm|work=ABC PM, Radio National}}</ref> Houiver, twa dissident senators on the party's left [[Natasha Stott Despoja]] an [[Andrew Bartlett]] voted against the GST.<ref>ABC TV: 7.30 Report: 7/6/1999: ["GST deal sparks Democrat crisis" http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s28235.htm]</ref><ref>Kehoe, John. "Lees has no regrets Democrats gave their support" ''[[Australian Financial Review]]'' 30 June 2010.</ref> In 2001, a leadership spill saw [[Meg Lees]] replaced as leader<ref>Phillip Coorey "Democrats in Denial" in David Solomon (ed) "Howard's Race – Winning the Unwinnable Election, Harper Collins, 2002, p42-44</ref> by [[Natasha Stott Despoja]] efter a very public an bitter leadership battle.<ref>Alison Rogers, "The Natasha Factor," Lothian Books, 2004, pp29ff</ref> Despite criticism o Stott Despoja's youth an lack o experience, the 2001 election saw the Democrats receive seemilar media coverage tae the previous election.<ref>Phillip Coorey "Democrats Opt for Leadership" in David Solomon (ed) "Howard's Race – Winning the Unwinnable Election, Harper Collins, 2002, p180</ref> Despite the internal divisions, the Australian Democrats' election result in 2001 wis quite good. Houiver, it wis nae enough tae prevent the loss o [[Vicki Bourne]]'s Senate seat in NSW. Ongoing tensions atween Stott Despoja an Lees led tae Stott Despoja staundin doun frae the leadership.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2002/s655339.htm Stott Despoja resigns as Democrats leader], ABC 7.30 Report, 21 October 2002</ref> It led tae a protracted leadership battle in 2002, which eventually led tae the election o Senator Andrew Bartlett as leader. Houiver, the tension led tae [[Meg Lees]] leaving the party in 2002, acomin an independent an forming the [[Australian Progressive Alliance]]. On 6 December 2003, Andrew Bartlett stepped aside temporarily as leader o the party, efter an incident in which he assaulted [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] Senator [[Jeannie Ferris]] on the floor o [[Parliament of Australia|Parliament]] while intoxicated.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/06/1070625583872.html |title=Disgraced leader steps aside |work=The Age |location=Australia |date= 7 December 2003 |accessdate=3 April 2007 |location=Melbourne}}</ref> The party issued a statement statin that Deputy Leader [[Lyn Allison]] wad serve as the Actin Leader o the party. Bartlett apologised tae the Democrats, Jeannie Ferris an the Australian public for his behaviour an assured aw concerned that it wad never happen again. On 29 Januar 2004, efter seeking medical treatment, Bartlett returned tae the Australian Democrats leadership, vowing tae abstain frae alcohol. ===2004=== [[Image:LynAllison.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lyn Allison]]]] Support for the Australian Democrats fell significantly at the [[Australian federal election, 2004|2004 federal election]] in which thay achieved anly 1.24 per cent o the naitional vote. Nowhere wis this mair noticeable than in thair key support base o suburban [[Adelaide]] in South Australia, whaur thay received atween 7 an 31 per cent o the Lawer House vote in 2001, an atween 1 an 4 per cent in 2004. Three incumbent senators war defeatit—[[Aden Ridgeway]] (NSW), [[Brian Greig]] (WA) an [[John Cherry (Australian politeecian)|John Cherry]] (Qld). Follaein the loss, the customary post-election leadership ballot installed Lyn Allison as leader an Andrew Bartlett as her deputy. Frae 1 Julie 2005 the Australian Democrats lost offeecial parliamentary party status, bein represented by anly fower senators while the governing Liberal-Naitional Coalition gained a majority an potential control o the Senate—the first time this advantage haed been enjoyed by ony government syne 1980. ===2006=== On 5 Januar 2006, the ABC reportit that the [[Tasmanian Electoral Commission]] haed de-registered that division o the party for failing tae provide a leet containing the required nummer o members tae be registered for Tasmanian state an local elections.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/items/200601/1542299.htm?tasmania |title=Australian Democrats Deregistered in Tasmania, ',ABC News',, 5&nbsp;January 2006 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 January 2006 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129201212/http://www.abc.net.au/news/items/200601/1542299.htm?tasmania |archivedate=2007-11-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 18 Mairch 2006, at the [[South Australian legislative election, 2006|2006 South Australian state election]], the Australian Democrats war reduced tae 1.7 per cent o the Legislative Council (upper hoose) vote. Thair sole councillor up for re-election, [[Kate Reynolds]], wis defeatit. Efter the election, South Australian senator [[Natasha Stott Despoja]] denied rumours that she wis considering quitting the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2006/s1598147.htm |title=Stott-Despoja denies rumours she is quitting, ',ABC News',, 22&nbsp;March 2006 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 March 2006 |accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> In early Julie, Richard Pascoe, naitional an [[South Australian]] party preses, resigned, citing slumping opinion polls an the poor result in the 2006 South Australian election as well as South Australian parliamentary leader [[Sandra Kanck]]'s comments regarding the drog [[MDMA]] which he saw as damaging tae the party.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200607/s1683245.htm |title=Political analyst predicts Democrats' demise, ',ABC News', 11&nbsp;July 2006 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 July 2006 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129201217/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200607/s1683245.htm |archivedate=2007-11-29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200607/s1683993.htm |title=Former leader sees Democrats in 'tatters', ',ABC News', 11&nbsp;July 2006 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 July 2006 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129201222/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200607/s1683993.htm |archivedate=2007-11-29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,19698296%255E910,00.html Kanck says rave party safer than the front bar, ''The Advertiser'' 5 July 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718090029/http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,19698296%255E910,00.html |date=2006-07-18 }} Article no longer available online.</ref> On 5 Julie 2006, Australian Democrats senator for Western Australia [[Andrew Murray (politeecian)|Andrew Murray]] annoonced his intention nae tae contest the [[Australian federal election, 2007|2007 federal election]], citing frustration arising frae the Howard Government's control o baith houses an his unwillingness tae serve anither sax-year term.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/no-life-in-dons-party/2006/07/07/1152240493865.html |title=',Sydney Morning Herald', 8&nbsp;July 2006 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date= 8 July 2006|accessdate=25 April 2010}}</ref> His term ended on 30 Juin 2008. On 28 August 2006, the founder o the Australian Democrats, [[Don Chipp]], died. Former prime meenister Bob Hawke said: "... there is a coincidental timing almost between the passing of Don Chipp and what I think is the death throes of the Democrats.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200608/s1727334.htm |title=Hawke predicts end is near for Democrats, ',ABC News', 29&nbsp;August 2006 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 August 2006 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901055555/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200608/s1727334.htm |archivedate=2006-09-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> " On 22 October 2006, Australian Democrats Senator [[Natasha Stott Despoja]] annoonced her intention nae tae seek re-election at the [[Australian federal election, 2007|2007 federal election]] due tae heal concerns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200610/s1770646.htm |title=Stott-Despoja to bow out of politics, ',ABC News', 22&nbsp;October 2006 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 October 2006 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019030303/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200610/s1770646.htm |archivedate=2007-10-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her term ended on 30 Juin 2008. In November 2006, the Australian Democrats fared very poorly in the Victorian state election, receiving a Legislative Council vote tally o anly 0.83%,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/state2006resultbypartyUH.html |title=Victorian Electoral Commission: Results for Upper House, 2006 |publisher=Vec.vic.gov.au |date=1 January 1999 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2010-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416165522/http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/State2006resultbypartyUH.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> less nor hauf o the party's result in 2002 (1.79 per cent).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/state2002resultbypartyprovince.html |title=Victorian Electoral Commission: Results for Upper House, 2006 |publisher=Vec.vic.gov.au |date=1 January 1999 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2010-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405222227/http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/State2002resultbypartyprovince.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===2007=== In the New South Wales state election o Mairch 2007, the Australian Democrats lost thair last remainin NSW Upper House representative, [[Arthur Chesterfield-Evans]]. The party fared poorly, gaining anly 1.8 per cent o the Legislative Council vote. A higher vote wis achieved in some o the Legislative Assembly seats selectively contested as compared tae 2003. Houiver, the statewide vote share fell acause the party wis unable tae field as mony candidates as in 2003. In the Victorian state by-election in Albert Pairk District<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/stateby2007resultAlbertParkDistrict.html |title=VEC: Albert Park District By-Election 2007 |publisher=Vec.vic.gov.au |date=1 January 1999 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2010-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203230016/http://vec.vic.gov.au/stateby2007resultAlbertParkDistrict.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> the Australian Democrats stood candidate Paul Kavanagh, who polled a respectable 5.75 per cent o the primary vote, despite a lairge nummer o candidates, an aw media attention focusing on the battle atween Labor an Greens candidates. On 13 September 2007, the ACT Democrats (Australian Capital Territory Division o the party) wis deregistered<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/ni/2007-279/default.asp |title=ACT legislation register – Electoral (Cancellation of the Registration of the Australian Democrats) Notice 2007 – main page |publisher=Legislation.act.gov.au |date=13 September 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |archive-date=2008-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123082003/http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/ni/2007-279/default.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> bi the ACT Electoral Commissioner, bein unable tae demonstrate a minimum membership o 100 electors. As wis widely expected, the Democrats haed no success at the [[Australian federal election, 2007|2007 federal election]]. Twa incumbent senators, Lyn Allison (Victoria) an Andrew Bartlett (Queensland), war defeatit, thair seats baith reverting tae major parties. Thair twa remainin colleagues, Andrew Murray (WA) an Natasha Stott Despoja (SA), did nae run for new terms. Aw fower senators' terms expired on 30 Juin 2008—leaving the Australian Democrats wi no federal representation for the first time syne its founding in 1977. An ABC report noted that "on the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) website the party is now referred to just as 'other'".<ref>Caldwell A ''[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/26/2101885.htm?site=elections/federal/2007 Democrats to lose parliamentary representation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517020905/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/26/2101885.htm?site=elections/federal/2007 |date=2012-05-17 }}'' 26 November 2007</ref> ===2008=== The party achieved anly 1.24% o the vote at the federal [[Mayo by-election, 2008|2008 Mayo by-election]] in South Australia. At the [[Australian Capital Territory general election, 2008]], the party's ungrouped candidates<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/25/2314905.htm Democrats candidates unveiled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803030407/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/07/25/2314905.htm |date=2008-08-03 }} ABC News, 25 July 2008</ref> obtained 0.3% o the vote for Ginninderra<ref>[http://www.elections.act.gov.au/elections/2008/ginninderra_08.html Results for Ginninderra Electorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328141011/http://www.elections.act.gov.au/elections/2008/ginninderra_08.html |date=2011-03-28 }} at Elections ACT</ref> (Darren Churchill) an 0.2% in Molonglo<ref>[http://www.elections.act.gov.au/elections/2008/molonglo_08.html Results for Molonglo Electorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328141037/http://www.elections.act.gov.au/elections/2008/molonglo_08.html |date=2011-03-28 }} at Elections ACT</ref> (Greg Tannahill). ===2009=== [[Image:SandraKanckTreeRally.jpg|right|thumb|South Australian [[South Australian Legislative Council|MLC]] [[Sandra Kanck]], elected in 1993, resigned in 2009 and wis replaced by David Winderlich.]] In Julie 2009, the party's sole remainin parliamentarian, [[David Winderlich]], annoonced he wad leave the party an sit as an independent unless the South Australian Democrats coud recruit 1,000 new members by November 2009.<ref>''[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/07/20/2631292.htm Democrats MP divides party with 1,000-member ultimatum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201145050/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/07/20/2631292.htm |date=2011-02-01 }}''</ref> When this clearly coud nae eventuate, he resigned frae the party on 7 October 2009, continued tae sit as an independent<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,26177316-2682,00.html?from=public_rss |title=David Winderlich quits, Democrats are no more |publisher=News.com.au |date=7 October 2009 |accessdate=25 April 2010 |first1=Russell |last1=Emmerson |archive-date=2013-06-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130627101506/http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,26177316-2682,00.html?from=public_rss |url-status=dead }}</ref> an wis defeatit at the [[South Australian state election, 2010|2010 election]]. David Collyer contested the [[Higgins by-election, 2009|2009 Higgins by-election]] an received 2.3 percent o the vote.<ref>[http://results.aec.gov.au/14358/Website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-14358-215.htm Virtual Tally Room, Higgins 2009 by election] at Australian Electoral Commission, 23 December 2009</ref> ===2010=== The South Australian Democrats contested the [[South Australian state election, 2010|state election]] on 20 Mairch 2010. The lead Legislative Council candidate wis ainimal rights activist an umwhile independent, Jeanie Walker<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/sa/content/2005/s1473356.htm Stateline interview] ABC TV, 30 September 2005</ref> wi supporting candidates Tom Salerno an Sandra Kanck<ref>[http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/in-depth/former-democrats-mp-sandra-kanck-wants-to-return-to-sa-state-parliament/story-fn2sdwup-1225831769319 Former Democrats MP Sandra Kanck wants to return to SA State Parliament] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124151035/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/in-depth/former-democrats-mp-sandra-kanck-wants-to-return-to-sa-state-parliament/story-fn2sdwup-1225831769319 |date=2012-01-24 }} Adelaide Sunday Mail (AdelaideNow) 18 February 2010</ref> Thay attracted 0.9% o the tot primary vote.<ref>[http://www.ecsa.sa.gov.au/election2010/results/legislative.htm 2010 results for Legislative Coucil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725073925/http://www.ecsa.sa.gov.au/election2010/results/legislative.htm |date=2011-07-25 }} at Electoral Commission SA</ref> Houiver, on preferences, Jeanie Walker survived until the 35th roond o counting, losin tae micro-party Dignity for Disability's Kelly Vincent who wis elected in the 43rd roond.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/elections/sa/2010/guide/lc-results.htm Legislative Council count] at ABC News 2010 South Australian Election coverage</ref> Aicht House o Assembly seats war an aa contested, averagin 2.24 per cent o the vote in those seats. At the 2010 federal election, Democrat candidates again failed tae secure ony seats in the Senate. Thay polled very poorly, achieving anly 0.5%–0.75% o vote in the states an 1.6% o the vote in the ACT. ==Support== Support for the Democrats historically tended tae fluctuate atween aboot 5 an 10 per cent o the population an wis geographically concentrated aroond the wealthy dense [[Central Business District|CBD and inner-suburban neighbourhoods]] o the [[Australian capital cities|capital cities]] (especially [[Adelaide, Australia|Adelaide]]). Therefore, thay never managed tae win a [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] seat. During the 1980s, 1990s an early 2000s thay teepically held ane or twa [[Australian Senate|Senate]] seats in each state, as well as haein some representatives in state parliaments an local councils. Follaein the internal conflict ower [[Goods and Services Tax (Australia)|GST]] (1998–2001) an resultant leadership changes, a dramatic decline occurred in the Democrats' membership an voting support in aw states. Simultaneously, an increase wis recorded in support for the [[Australian Greens]] who, by 2004, war supplanting the Democrats as a substantial [[third party (politics)|third party]]. The trend wis noted that year by political scientists Dean Jaensch et al.<ref>"the Australian Democrats appear to be in decline, having performed very poorly at the 2004 federal election and look to be replaced by the Greens as the major ‘minor’ party". --Jaensch D et al. ''[http://democratic.audit.anu.edu.au/papers/focussed_audits/200501_jaensch_parties.pdf Australian Political Parties in the Spotlight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026234626/http://democratic.audit.anu.edu.au/papers/focussed_audits/200501_jaensch_parties.pdf |date=2009-10-26 }}'' pp 40–41. Australian National University, January 2005</ref> Elsewhere, Jaensch later suggestit it wis possible the Democrats coud mak a political comeback in the federal arena.<ref>Dean Jaensch radio interview, http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2631202.htm, accessed 28/7/09</ref> Follaein [[Tony Abbott]]'s displacement o [[Malcolm Turnbull]] as federal leader o the Liberal Party in 2009, the Democrats sought tae attract the support o "those Liberals who no longer feel they can support their party".<ref>[http://www.democrats.org.au/news/index.htm?press_id=6655&display=1 Media release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322095204/http://www.democrats.org.au/news/index.htm?press_id=6655&display=1 |date=2012-03-22 }} dated 12 December 2009, on official party site</ref> ==Leadership== [[Image:HainesChipp.jpg|thumb|[[Janine Haines]] and Chipp in 1977]] Of the party's nine elected federal parliamentary leaders, six were women. Aboriginal senator [[Aden Ridgeway]] was deputy leader under Natasha Stott Despoja. Federal parliamentary leaders of the Australian Democrats. {| class="wikitable" |- !Leader !Electorate !Term !Notes |- |[[Don Chipp]] |Victoria |1977–1986 |Formerly Liberal Party MP for [[Division of Hotham|Hotham]], Victoria |- |[[Janine Haines]] |South Australia |1986–1990 |Resigned leadership an Senate seat tae contest the Lawer House seat o Kingston |- |[[Michael Macklin]] |Queensland |1981–1990 |Leader frae federal election nicht until 30 Juin 1990. |- |[[Janet Powell]] |Victoria |1990–1991 | |- |[[John Coulter (politeecian)|John Coulter]] |South Australia | 1991–1993 | |- |[[Cheryl Kernot]] |Queensland |1993–1997 |Resigned the leadership 15 October 1997. |- |[[Meg Lees]] |South Australia |1997–2001 | |- |[[Natasha Stott Despoja]] |South Australia |2001–2002 |Resigned the leadership 21 August 2002. |- |[[Brian Greig]] |Western Australia |2002 |Interim leader frae 23 August until 5 October 2002 |- |[[Andrew Bartlett]] |Queensland |2002–2004 | |- |[[Lyn Allison]] |Victoria |2004–2008 | |} ==Former senators== <!--[[Image:Team2794lg.jpg|right|thumb|Democrats Senate members, 1987-1990: ''seated'' [[Michael Macklin]] and [[Janine Haines]], ''rear left to right'' [[Jean Jenkins]], [[John Coulter (politeecian)|John Coulter]], [[Norm Sanders]], [[Paul McLean (Australian politeecian)|Paul McLean]] and [[Janet Powell]].]]--> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Senator ! State ! Term |- |[[Janine Haines]] |South Australia | 1977–1978; 1981–1990 |- |[[Don Chipp]] | Victoria |1978–1986 |- |[[Colin Mason]] | New South Wales |1978–1987 |- |[[Michael Macklin]] | Queensland | 1981–1990 |- |[[John Siddons]] | Victoria |1981–1983; 1985–1986 (1987)<ref group="n" name="note2">Resigned from party in November 1986 and sat as an independent senator until defeat at the 1987 election as a Unite Australia Party candidate.</ref> |- |[[Jack Evans (Australian senator)|Jack Evans]] | Western Australia |1983–1985 |- |[[David Vigor]] | South Australia |1985–1987<ref group="n" name="note2" /> |- |[[Norm Sanders]] | Tasmania |1985–1990 |- |[[Janet Powell]] | Victoria |1986–1992 (1993)<ref group="n">Resigned from party in July 1992 and sat as an independent senator until defeat at the 1993 election.</ref> |- |[[Paul McLean (Australian politeecian)|Paul McLean]] | New South Wales |1987–1991 |- |[[Jean Jenkins]] | Western Australia |1987–1990 |- |[[Vicki Bourne]] | New South Wales |1990–2002 |- |[[Sid Spindler]] | Victoria |1990–1996 |- |[[Cheryl Kernot]] | Queensland |1990–1997 |- |[[John Coulter (politeecian)|John Coulter]] |South Australia |1987–1995 |- |[[Robert Bell (Australian politeecian)|Robert Bell]] | Tasmania |1990–1996 |- |[[Karin Sowada]] | New South Wales |1991–1993 |- |[[John Woodley]] | Queensland |1993–2001 |- |[[Meg Lees]] | South Australia |1990–2002 (2005)<ref group="n">Resigned from party in July 2002 and sat as an independent senator until defeat at the 2004 election as an Australian Progressive Alliance candidate.</ref> |- |[[Natasha Stott Despoja]] | South Australia |1995–2008 |- |[[Lyn Allison]] | Victoria |1996–2008 |- |[[Andrew Murray (politeecian)|Andrew Murray]] | Western Australia |1996–2008 |- |[[Andrew Bartlett]] | Queensland |1997–2008 |- |[[Aden Ridgeway]] | New South Wales |1999–2005 |- |[[Brian Greig]] | Western Australia |1999–2005 |- |[[John Cherry (Australian politeecian)|John Cherry]] | Queensland |2001–2005 |} ==Former members in the states and territories== {| class="wikitable" |- ! State ! Representative ! House ! Division ! Term |- |'''AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY''' |[[Gordon Walsh]] |[[Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly|House of Assembly]] | |1979–1985 |- | |[[Ivor Vivian]] |House o Assembly | |1979–1985 |- | |[[Roslyn Dundas]] |Legislative Assembly |Ginninderra |2001–2004 |- | '''NEW SOUTH WALES''' |[[Elisabeth Kirkby]] |Legislative Council | |1981–1998 |- | |[[Richard Jones, MLA|Richard Jones]] |Legislative Council | |1988–1996<ref group="n">Resigned from party in 1996 and sat as an independent MLC until retirement at the 2003 election.</ref> |- | |[[Arthur Chesterfield-Evans]] |Legislative Council | |1998–2007 |- |'''WESTERN AUSTRALIA''' |[[Norm Kelly (Australian politeecian)|Norm Kelly]] |Legislative Council |East Metropolitan Region |1997–2001 |- | |[[Helen Hodgson]] |Legislative Council | North Metropolitan Region |1997–2001 |- |'''SOUTH AUSTRALIA''' |[[Robin Millhouse]] |Legislative Assembly |Mitcham |1977–1982 |- | |[[Lance Milne]] |Legislative Council | |1979–1985 |- | |[[Heather Southcott]] |Legislative Assembly |Mitcham |1982 |- | |[[Ian Gilfillan]] |Legislative Council | |1982–1993, 1997–2006 |- | |[[Mike Elliott (politeecian)|Mike Elliott]] |Legislative Council | | 1985–2003 |- | |[[Sandra Kanck]] |Legislative Council | |1993–2009 |- | |[[Kate Reynolds]] |Legislative Council | |2003–2006 |- | |[[David Winderlich]] |Legislative Council | |2009<ref group="n">Resigned from party on 7 October 2009 and sat as an independent MLC until 2010 election when was not re-elected.</ref> |- |'''TASMANIA''' |[[Norm Sanders]] |Legislative Assembly |Denison |1980–1982 |} ==Notes== <references group="n"/> ==See also== {{Commonscat|Australian Democrats}} *Liberalism *[[Liberalism worldwide]] *[[List of liberal parties]] *[[Liberal democracy]] *[[Timeline of (small-l) liberal parties in Australia]] ==References== <!--<nowiki> See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the<ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below </nowiki>--> {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== *Bennett D, [http://www.pwhce.org/discord.html Discord in the Democrats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209013812/http://www.pwhce.org/discord.html |date=2015-12-09 }} PWHCE article, Melbourne 2002 *''Beyond Our Expectations''—Proceedings o the Australian Democrats First Naitional Conference, Canberra, 16–17 Februar 1980. [Papers by: Don Chipp, Sir Mark Oliphant, Prof. Stephen Boyden, Bob Whan, Julian Cribb, Colin Mason, John Siddons, A. McDonald] *Chipp D (ed. Larkin J) ''Chipp'', Methuen Haynes, North Ryde NSW, 1987 ISBN 0-454-01345-0 *Gauja A ''[http://www.inlogov.bham.ac.uk/seminars/minor_parties/pdfs/gauja.pdf Keeping the Bastards Honest: The Political Legacy of the Australian Democrats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716163043/http://www.inlogov.bham.ac.uk/seminars/minor_parties/pdfs/gauja.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}'' Conference paper for ''[http://www.inlogov.bham.ac.uk/seminars/minor_parties/Papers.shtml Politics beyond the mainstream] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716163114/http://www.inlogov.bham.ac.uk/seminars/minor_parties/Papers.shtml |date=2011-07-16 }}'' at [[University of Birmingham]] November 2007 *Paul A and Miller L ''The Third Team'' July 2007 A historical essay in ''30 Years—Australian Democrats'' Melbourne 2007. (A 72-page anthology o historical an biogaphical monographs aboot the state an federal parliamentary experiences o the Democrats, for the party's 30t anniversary.) *Sugita H ''Challenging 'twopartism'—the contribution of the Australian Democrats to the Australian party system'', PhD thesis, Flinders University o South Australia, Julie 1995 *Warhurst J (ed.) ''Keeping the bastards honest'' Allen & Unwin Sydney 1997 ISBN 10 1864484209 *Warhurst J, [http://australianpolitics.com/words/2006/archives/00000254.shtml ''Don Chipp Was The Right Man In The Right Place At The Right Time''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128142344/http://australianpolitics.com/words/2006/archives/00000254.shtml |date=2007-11-28 }} ''Canberra Times'' 7 September 2006 ==External links== *[http://www.democrats.org.au/ Australian Democrats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627012354/http://democrats.org.au/ |date=2007-06-27 }} offeecial site o the party *[http://www.donchippfoundation.org.au/ Don Chipp Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706124708/http://www.donchippfoundation.org.au/ |date=2011-07-06 }} *[http://www.andrewmurray.org.au/ Andrew Murray] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030172116/http://andrewmurray.org.au/ |date=2009-10-30 }} Archived unofficial site o umwhile senator *[http://www.natashastottdespoja.com/ Natasha Stott Despoja] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330113958/http://www.natashastottdespoja.com/ |date=2013-03-30 }} Archived unofficial site o umwhile senator {{Politics of Australia}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Liberal parties]] [[Category:Poleetical pairties established in 1977]] [[Category:Poleetical pairties in Australie]] [[Category:Organisations based in Adelaide]] [[Category:1977 establishments in Australie]] 7eiovz7p61su5xincvxz3d0h18pwopa 0 18469 923027 908669 2026-09-23T02:07:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Israel municipality |name=Ashkelon |image_skyline=Ashkelonskyline.jpg |image_caption= |emblem=Coat of arms of Ashqelon.svg |emblem_type= |pushpin_map=Israel |coordinates = {{coord|31|40|N|34|34|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |hebname=אַשְׁקְלוֹן |ISO=ʔašqlon |meaning= |founded= |type=city |typefrom= |stdHeb=Ašqəlon |altOffSp=Ashqelon |altUnoSp= |district=south | population = {{Israel populations|Ashqelon}} | popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} | population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}} |area_dunam=47788 |mayor=[[Benny Vaknin]] |website=[http://www.ashkelon.muni.il/openning_eng.asp www.ashkelon.muni.il] }} '''Ashkelon''' (also '''Ashqelon''' and '''[[Ascalon]]''') ({{lang-he-n|אַשְׁקְלוֹן}} <small>{{Audio|Ashkelon.ogg|(audio)}}</small>; {{lang-ar| عسقلان (ˁAsqalān)}}; [[Laitin]]: Ascalonia; [[Akkadian leid|Akkadian]]: Isqalluna) is a coastal ceety in the [[Soothren Destrict (Israel)|Sooth Destrict]] o [[Israel]] on the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast, 50 kilometres (31&nbsp;mi) sooth o [[Tel Aviv]], an 13 kilometres (8.1&nbsp;mi) north o the border wi the [[Gaza Strip]]. The auncient seaport o Ashkelon dates back tae the [[Neolithic|Neolithic Age]]. In the course o its history, it haes been ruled bi the [[Canaan]]ites, the [[Philistines]], the [[Israelites]], the [[Assirie]]s, the [[Babylonie|Babylonia]]ns, the [[Auncient Greece|Greeks]], the [[Phoenicie|Phoenicia]]ns, the [[Auncient Roum|Romans]], the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persians]], the [[Auncient Egypt|Egyptians]] an the [[Crusades|Crusaders]], till it wis destroyed bi the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluks]] in 1270. The Arab veelage o '''al-Majdal''' ({{lang-ar|المجدل}}, {{lang-he|אל-מג'דל, מגדל}}), wis established nearbi in the 16t century, unner [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule. In 1918, Ashkelon became pairt o the [[Breetish Mandate for Palestine]]. In the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], Majdal wis the forrit position o the [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] based in [[Gaza]].<ref name="eretz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.eretz.com/NEW/archaeology.shtml |title='&#39;Eretz'&#39; magazine, archaeological sites in Israel |publisher=Eretz.com |date=1948-11-05 |accessdate=2011-08-10}}</ref> The veelage wis occupee'd bi Israeli forces on November 5, 1948, bi which time maist o the Arab population o 11,000 haed been forced tae leave. In {{Israel populations|Year}} the population o Ashkelon wis {{Israel populations|Ashqelon}}. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Israel}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Ashkelon is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | * {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Côte Saint-Luc, Quebec|Côte Saint-Luc]], [[Quebec]], [[Canadae]] * {{flagicon|China}} [[Xinyang]], [[Cheenae]] * {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Iquique]], [[Chile]] * {{flagicon|France}} [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Fraunce]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aix-jumelages.com/ |title=Association of twinnings and international relations of Aix-en-Provence |publisher=Aix-jumelages.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-10}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mairie-aixenprovence.fr/article.php3?id_article=2981 Mairie of Aix-en-Provence - Twinnings and partnerships] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113162049/http://www.mairie-aixenprovence.fr/article.php3?id_article=2981 |date=2009-01-13 }}</ref> * {{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Kutaisi]], [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]] *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Aviano]], [[Italy]] | * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Weissensee (Berlin)|Berlin-Weißensee]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Sopot]], [[Poland]] * {{flagicon|Uganda}} [[Entebbe]], [[Uganda]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Portland, Oregon]], [[Unitit States]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], [[Unitit States]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sacramento, Californie|Sacramento]], [[Californie]], [[Unitit States]] |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Ashkelon}} * [http://www.ashkelon.muni.il/openning_eng.asp Ashkelon Ceety Cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827141931/http://www.ashkelon.muni.il/openning_eng.asp |date=2006-08-27 }} * [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0101/feature4/ "Ashkelon, auncient ceety o the sea"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010611165001/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0101/feature4/ |date=2001-06-11 }}, ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'', January 2001 * [http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/projects/ash/ Ancient Ashkelon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424034046/http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/projects/ash/ |date=2008-04-24 }}—University of Chicago * [http://holyland-pictures.com/tag/coastal-plain/ashqelon/ Pictures of Ashkelon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016225121/http://holyland-pictures.com/tag/coastal-plain/ashqelon/ |date=2019-10-16 }}—[[Holy Land]] Pictures {{Sooth Destrict (Israel)}} {{Lairgest Israeli ceeties}} {{Crusader Steids in Israel}} [[Category:Ceeties in Soothren Destrict (Israel)]] [[Category:Amarna letters locations]] [[Category:Auncient steids in Israel]] [[Category:Airchaeological steids in Israel]] [[Category:Ashkelon]] [[Category:Canaanite ceeties]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Israel]] [[Category:Crusade places]] [[Category:Ebreu Bible ceeties]] [[Category:Medieval steids in Israel]] [[Category:Philistine ceeties]] [[Category:Phoenician ceeties]] [[Category:Neolithic settlements]] [[Category:Bronze Age steids]] [[Category:Iron Age steids]] ozslmh47qtsc4i96b8led4ght7wxksw 0 19804 923015 918719 2026-09-23T00:09:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |native_name = <big> أبوظبي</big> |name = Abu Dhabi |official_name = Emirate o Abu Dhabi |seat = '''[[Abu Dhabi]]''' |leader_title = [[Emir]] |leader_name = [[Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 67,340 |area_sq_mi = 26,000 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_estimate = 1,975,000 |population_estimate_year = 2008 |time_zone = GMT+2 |utc_offset = +4 |utc_offset_DST = +4 |settlement_type = [[Emirate]] |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = [[Unitit Arab Emirates|Unitit Arab Emirates (UAE)]] |image_skyline = |image_caption = |common_name = Abu Dhabi |image_map = Map of Abu Dhabi blank.svg |map_caption = Abu Dhabi athin the UAE |image_flag = Flag of Abu Dhabi.svg |coordinates = {{coord|23.5|N|54.5|E|region:AE-AZ_type:adm1st|display=inline}} |government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] |parts_type = Subdiveesions |parts = Touns an veelages |parts_type = Subdiveesions |p1=[[Abu Dhabi]] |p2=[[Al Ain]] |p3=Al Hadhi |p4=Al Atir |p5=Al Jahr |p6=Al Khaznah |p7=[[Liwa Oasis|Al Liwa]] |p8=Al Mariyah al Gharbiyah |p9=Al Selimat |p10=Al Watba |p11=Al Idd |p12=[[Dalma (island)|Dalma]] |p13=Duwaihir |p14=Kayya |p15=Khannur |p16=Mahdar Bin Usayyan |p17=[[Marawah]]|p18=Mawsil |p19=Mazyad |p20=Milqatah |p21=Mujib |p22=Mundafinah |p23=Musaffah |p24=Nafir |p25=Naqrah |p26=Nuqayrah |p27=Qurmidah |p28=[[Ruwais]] |p29=Sabkha |p30=Shah |p31=Shib al Ghaf |p32=[[Sila (city)|Sila]]|p33=Taraq |p34=Tarif |p35=Tharwaniyah |p36=Umm al Qurayn |p37=Wadhil |p38=Wafd |p39=Yafur |p40=Zafir |p41=Zuwayhir |p42=[[Abu al Abyad]] |p43=[[Habshan]] |p44=[[Sir Bani Yas]] |p45=[[Yas Island]] }} '''Abu Dhabi''', offeecially the ''Emirate o Abu Dhabi'', ({{lang-ar|إمارة أبو ظبي}} {{transl|ar|''Imārat Abū Ẓabī''}}, literally "faither o [[gazelle]]"), is ane o seiven [[Emirates o the Unitit Arab Emirates|emirates]] that constitute the [[Unitit Arab Emirates]] (UAE). It is the lairgest emirate bi aurie (67,340&nbsp;km^²), an seicont-lairgest bi population (efter [[Dubai]]),<ref name="worldgaz">{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-265&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500|title=Abu Dhabi – profile of geographical entity including name variants|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121208171611/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-265&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500|archivedate=2012-12-08|access-date=2011-10-28|url-status=dead}} {{Cite web |url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-265&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-10-28 |archive-date=2012-12-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208171611/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-265&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500 |url-status=dead }}. World Gazetteer. Retrieved April 8, 2008.</ref> accoontin for approximately 86% o the tot land aurie o the UAE. The seat o the [[Preses o the Unitit Arab Emirates]] is locatit in [[Abu Dhabi]] ceety, which an aw hosts mony ile companies, foreign [[Embassy|embassies]] an the federal cabinet. The emirate's main revenues are frae industry, construction an [[financial services]]<ref name=ecosector>{{cite web |url=http://archive.gulfnews.com/business/Economy/10332993.html |title=gulfnews : Abu Dhabi's GDP hits Dh688.3b on industrial sector performance |publisher=Archive.gulfnews.com |date=July 19, 2009 |accessdate=September 17, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which mak up Abu Dhabi's US$187&nbsp;billion economy (2008).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://business.maktoob.com/20090000008092/Abu_Dhabi_GDP_$187_bln_in_08/Article.htm |title=Abu Dhabi GDP $187 bln in '08, UAE Economy – Maktoob News |publisher=Business.maktoob.com |accessdate=September 17, 2011 |archive-date=2011-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930171957/http://business.maktoob.com/20090000008092/Abu_Dhabi_GDP_$187_bln_in_08/Article.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Revenues frae the [[industrial sector|industry]] contributit 65.5% tae the economy in 2008. Construction activities represent 11.5% o the economy in 2008, an commercial an financial activities mak up the remainin 23.6%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ameinfo.com/204143.html |title=The Statistics Center-Abu Dhabi announces today results of economic surveys &#124; SCAD |publisher=AMEinfo.com |accessdate=September 17, 2011 |archive-date=2012-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929075314/http://www.ameinfo.com/204143.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==History== Pairts o Abu Dhabi wur settled as far back as the [[3rd millennium BC]] an its early history fits the nomadic herdin an fishin pattern teepical o the broader region. Modren Abu Dhabi traces its oreegins tae the rise o an important tribal confederation, the [[Bani Yas]], in the late 18t century, which an aw assumit control o [[Dubai]]. In the 19t century the Dubai an Abu Dhabi branches pairtit weys. Intae the mid-20t century, the economy o Abu Dhabi continued tae be sustained mainly bi [[camel]] herdin, production o [[Date Palm|date]]s an vegetables at the inland [[oasis|oases]] o Al Ain an [[Liwa]], an fishin an [[pairl]] divin aff the coast o Abu Dhabi ceety, which wis occupeed mainly durin the simmer months. Maist dwellins in Abu Dhabi ceety wur, at this time, constructit o [[Arecaceae|palm]] fronds (''barasti''), wi the walthier families occupyin [[Mudbrick|mud huts]]. The growth o the cultured pairl industry in the first hauf o the twintiet century creatit haurdship for residents o Abu Dhabi as pairls representit the lairgest export an main soorce o cash earnins. In 1939, [[Sheikh]] [[Shakhbut Bin-Sultan Al Nahyan]] grantit petroleum concessions, an ile wis first foond in 1958. At first, ile money haed a marginal impact. A few lawrise concrete buildings war erected, an the first pavit road wis completit in 1961, but Sheikh Shakbut, uncertain whether the new ile ryalties wad last, teuk a cautious approach, preferrin tae save the revenue rather than investin it in development. His brither, Sheikh [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]], saw that ile walth haed the potential tae transform Abu Dhabi. The rulin Al Nahyan faimily decidit that Sheikh Zayed shoud replace his brither as ruler an carry oot his veesion o developin the kintra. On 6 August 1966, wi the assistance o the Breetish, Sheikh Zayed became the new ruler.<ref>See Al-Fahim, M, ''From Rags to Riches: A Story of Abu Dhabi'', Chapter Six (London Centre of Arab Studies, 1995), ISBN 1-900404-00-1.</ref> Wi the annooncement bi the UK in 1968 that it wad athdraw frae the Persie Gulf aurie bi 1971, Sheikh Zayed became the main drivin force ahint the formation o the Unitit Arab Emirates. Efter the Emirates gained unthirldom in 1971, ile wealth continued tae flow tae the aurie an traditional mud-brick huts wur rapidly replacit wi banks, boutiques an modren heichrises. At present, Abu Dhabi boasts the warld's heichest absolute an per-caipita level o sovereign walth funds, calculated at USD 1,000,000.00 per inhabitant. ==Geography== [[File:AbuDhabi09.JPG|thumb|Growin construction at Abu Dhabi as wirk cranes are eften seen in the downtown auries.]] [[File:AbuDhabi06.JPG|thumb|Waterfront pairk in Abu Dhabi.]] The emirate o Abu Dhabi is locatit in the ile-rich an strategic Persie Gulf region. It adjoins the Kinrick o [[Saudi Arabia]] an the Sultanate o [[Oman]]. The emirate [[border]]s the emirate o [[Dubai]] an [[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]] tae its north. ==Touns an ceeties== [[Abu Dhabi]] ceety is a modren ceety wi broad boulevards, taw office an apairtment biggins, an busy shops. Ither urban centers in the Abu Dhabi emirate are [[Al 'Ain]], Baniyas an [[Ruwais]]. Al Ain is an agglomeration o several veelages scattered aroond a valuable desert oasis; the day it is the steid o the naitional varsity, UAEU. Al Ain is billed as the Garden Ceety o the UAE. Ither wirk includes the 1st prize internaitional competeetion o the Abu Dhabi Library an Cultural Center wan bi the Airchitects Collaborative, designed bi [[Hisham N. Ashkouri]] o Boston, Massachusetts an New York, NY. ===Main ceeties an touns=== *[[Abu Dhabi]] *[[Abu al Abyad]] *[[Al Ain]] *[[Al-Aryam Island]] *[[Al Mushrif]] *[[Bahrani Island]] *[[Dalma (island)|Dalma]] *[[Habshan]] *[[Khalifa Ceety]] *[[Liwa Oasis]] *[[Marawah, Unitit Arab Emirates|Marawah]] *[[Mussafah]] *[[Port Zayed]] *[[Ruwais]] *[[Sila, Unitit Arab Emarites|Sila]] *[[Sir Bani]] *[[Tarif]] *[[Yas Island]] ==Postage stamps== {{Main|Postage stamps o Abu Dhabi}} ==Climate== Sunny/blue skies can be expectit throughoot the year. The months Juin throu September are generally het an humid wi temperaturs averagin abuin 43&nbsp;°C (110&nbsp;°F). Durin this time, sandstorms an aw occur intermittently, in some cases reducin visibility doun tae a few meters. The wather is uisually pleasant frae October tae Mey. Januar tae Februar is ceuler an mey require the uise o a licht jacket. This period an aw sees dense fog on some days. The oasis ceety o [[Al Ain]], aboot 150&nbsp;km away, borderin Oman, regularly records the heichest simmer temperaturs in the kintra, housomeivver the dry desert air an ceuler forenichts mak it a traditional retreat frae the intense simmer heat an year roond humidity o the caipital ceety.<ref>[[BBC]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213042224/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002910 Average weather] for [[Sharjah (ceety)|Sharjah]], which is 170 kilometres away frae Abu Dhabi.</ref> ==Transport== [[Abu Dhabi Internaitional Airport]] (AUH) an [[Al Ain Internaitional Airport]] (AAN) serves the emirate. The local time is [[GMT]] + 4 oors. Private vehicles an taxis are the primary means o transportation in the ceety, awtho public buses, run bi the Abu Dhabi Municipality, are available, but maistly uised bi the lawer-income population. Thare are bus routes tae nearbi touns such as Baniyas, Habashan an the gairden ceety o UAE Al Ain, amang ithers. Thare is a newer service stairtit in 2005 atween Abu Dhabi an the commercial ceety o [[Dubai]] (aboot 160&nbsp;km away). ==Schuils an universities== Schuils an varsities in Abu Dhabi: * [[Zayed University]] * [[Masdar Institute of Science and Technology]] (research oriented graduate-level varsity) * [[The Petroleum Institute]] * [[Abu Dhabi Men's College]] (a campus of The [[Higher Colleges of Technology]]) * [[Abu Dhabi Women's College]] (a campus of The [[Higher Colleges of Technology]]) * [[Abu Dhabi University]] * [[INSEAD]] Centre in Abu Dhabi * Strathclyde Business School (MSc/MBA) * [[AAESS]] * [[Abu Dhabi Indian School]] * Indian Islahi Islamic School * Al-Noor Indian Islamic School * [[American International School - Abu Dhabi|The American International School in Abu Dhabi]] * [[Emirates College for Advanced Education]] ('''ECAE''') The first college for education in Abu Dhabi * [[New York Institute of Technology]] * [[International School of Choueifat, Abu Dhabi]] * [[Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Bangladesh Islamia School and College , Abu Dhabi]] * Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Arab Pakistani School (Kindergarten throu 12t grade FSC) * [[Islamia English School]] (Kindergarten throu 12t grade FSC, IGCSE : O Levels an A Levels an aa offered) * Al Nahda Naitional Schools (Boys' and Girls' schuil O Levels, A Levels, American High schuil seestem) * The Cambridge High School * The British School – Al Khubairat * Abu Dhabi Grammar School (Canadae) * Abu Dhabi International School * First Steps School Nursery * [[Tweety Nursery]] * International Community School * Our Ain English High School * [[American Community School of Abu Dhabi|The American Community School of Abu Dhabi]] * [[The British School - Al Khubairat|The British School]] * Raha International School * [[NYU]] Abu Dhabi * The Glenelg School of Abu Dhabi * The Elite Private School * [[Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research]] (KUSTAR) == See an aw == * [[Qasr al-Hosn]], the palace-fort, seat o govrenment an palace o the rulers o Abu Dhabi ca. 1760/1790 tae 1966. * [[Mina' Zayid]], the port o Abu Dhabi. * [[Postal Authorities]] * [[Transportation in the Unitit Arab Emirates]] * [[Emirates Palace]], the maist expensive hotel iver biggit * [[Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]], a [[Formula Ane]] motor race held in the ceety == References == {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Abu Dhabi}} * {{wikivoyage|Abu Dhabi}} * [http://www.adpolice.gov.ae Abu Dhabi Polis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106120905/http://adpolice.gov.ae/ |date=2009-01-06 }} * [http://www.adcci-uae.com/ Abu Dhabi Chamber o Commerce an Industry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080711/http://www.adcci-uae.com/ |date=2007-01-06 }} ===UAE-based newspapers=== * [http://www.gulf-news.com/ Gulf News] * [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/ Khaleej Times] * [http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ Emirates Today] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907033449/http://www.emiratestodayonline.com/ |date=2007-09-07 }} * [http://www.7days.ae/ 7 Days] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000456/http://www.7days.ae/ |date=2007-09-27 }} * [http://www.eveningpost.ae/ Emirates Evening Post] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107193216/http://www.eveningpost.ae/ |date=2007-01-07 }} * [http://www.thenational.ae/ The National] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628062714/http://www.thenational.ae/ |date=2011-06-28 }} {{Emirates of the United Arab Emirates}} {{Abu Dhabi}} [[Category:Abu Dhabi (emirate)| ]] [[Category:Emirates o the Unitit Arab Emirates]] qarme5tozn3dysiocookv01yqgy9t5x 0 20676 923013 915656 2026-09-23T00:01:26Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Weapon |name=AK-47<ref>Table data are for AK-47 with Type 2/3 receiver</ref> | image = АК-47.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = AK-47 Teep 2A wi ribbed stamped-steel magazine an 6H2 bayonet |origin={{flag|Soviet Union}} |type=Assault rifle |is_ranged=yes |service=1949–present |used_by=See ''[[#Uisers|Uisers]]'' |designer=Mikhail Kalashnikov |design_date=1944–1947 |manufacturer=Izhmash |production_date= |number=thereaboots 75 million AK-47<br />100 million AK-type rifles<ref name="Worldbank.org"/><ref name="список">{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,288456,00.html |title=AK-47 Inventor Doesn't Lose Sleep Over Havoc Wrought With His Invention |publisher=Foxnews.com |date=2007-07-06 |accessdate=2010-04-03 |archive-date=2010-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603232941/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,288456,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> |variants= |weight={{convert|5.21|kg|lb|abbr=on}} wi loadit magazine<ref>Dockery, Kevin (2007). Future Weapons. p. 102.</ref> |length={{convert|870|mm|abbr=on}} fixed widden stock<br /> {{convert|875|mm|abbr=on|1}} fauldin stock extended<br /> {{convert|645|mm|abbr=on|1}} stock fauldit |part_length={{convert|415|mm|abbr=on|1}} <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> |cartridge=7.62×39mm M43/M67 |action=Gas-operatit, rotatin bolt |rate=600 rounds/min |velocity=715 m/s<ref>{{cite web |title=Warsaw Pact Weapons & Equipment 1990-1991 |url=http://www.crusader80.co.uk/warsaw.html |access-date=2024-03-21|lang=en}}</ref> |range={{convert|400|m|yd|-1}} semi-automatic<ref name=Bidwell/><br /> {{convert|300|m|yd|-1}} full automatic<ref name="Bidwell">Bidwell, Shelford. ''The Encyclopedia of land warfare in the 20th century'', p. 199. Spring Books, 1977.</ref> |feed=10, 20 , 30 , 40 or 75 -roond detachable box an drum style magazine, compatible wi 40-roond box or 75-roond drum magazines frae the RPK an aw |sights=Adjustable iron sidhts, 100–800&nbsp;metre adjustments, {{convert|378|mm|abbr=on|1}} sicht radius }} The '''AK-47''' is a selective-fire, gas-operatit 7.62×39mm assault rifle, first developit in the [[Soviet Union]] bi Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is offeecially kent as ''Avtomat Kalashnikova'' ('''А'''втомат '''К'''алашникова). It is kent as a '''Kalashnikov''', an "AK", or in [[Roushie leid|Roushie]] slang, '''Kalash''' forby. Design wirk on the AK-47 stairtit in the last year o [[Warld War II]] (1945). Efter the war in 1948, the AK-47 wis presentit for offeecial military trials. In 1947 the fixed-stock version wis introducit intae service wi select units o the Soviet Airmy. An early development o the design wis the '''AKS''' (S—''Skladnoy'' or "fauldin"), which wis equippit wi an unnerfauldin metal shoulder stock. In 1949, the AK-47 wis offeecially acceptit bi the Soviet Airmit Forces an uised bi the majority o the memmer states o the [[Warsaw Pact]]. The oreeginal AK-47 wis ae o the first true "assault rifles" tae be manufacturt, efter the oreeginal Sturmgewehr 44.<ref name="poyer">{{cite book |last=Poyer |first=Joe |title=The AK-47 and AK-74 Kalashnikov Rifles and Their Variations |url=https://archive.org/details/ak47ak74kalashni0000joep_x2h6 |publisher=North Cape Publications |year=2004}}</ref> Efter sax decades the model an its variants wis still the maist widely uised an popular assault rifles in the warld acause o thair durability, law production cost, an ease o uise. It haes been manufactured in mony kintras an haes seen service wi airmit forces as well as revolutionary an terrorist organisations warldwide. The AK-47 wis the basis for developin mony ither types o individual an crew-served fireairms. Mair AK-type rifles haes been producit nor aw ither assault rifles pit thegither.<ref name="Worldbank.org">{{cite web |last=Killicoat |first=Phillip |title=Weaponomics: The Global Market for Rifles |work=World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4202 (Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 10) |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |date=April 2007 |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/04/13/000016406_20070413145045/Rendered/PDF/wps4202.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=3 April 2010 |page=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112121512/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/04/13/000016406_20070413145045/Rendered/PDF/wps4202.pdf |archive-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Firin the 7.62x39mm cartridge, the AK-47 produces significant woondin effects whan the projectile tumbles an fragments in tissue;<ref>Bellamy RF, Zajtchuk R. The physics and biophysics of wound ballistics. In: Zajtchuk R, ed. Textbook of Military Medicine, Part&nbsp;I: Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty, Vol. 5, Conventional Warfare: Ballistic, Blast, and Burn Injuries. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America (1990) pp. 146–155</ref> but it produces relatively minor woonds whan the projectile exits the body afore beginnin tae yaw.<ref>U.S. Military Small Arms Ammunition Failures and Solutions, GK Roberts, NDIA Dallas, Texas, 21 May 2008, [http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2008Intl/Roberts.pdf DTIC.mil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234759/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2008Intl/Roberts.pdf |date=2011-06-28 }}</ref><ref>Wounding Effects of the AK-47 Rifle Used by Patrick Purdy in the Stockton, California, Schoolyard Shooting of January 17, 1989, Fackler, Martin L. M.D.; Malinowski, John A. B.S.; Hoxie, Stephen W. B.S.; Jason, Alexander B.A., American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, September 1990</ref> ==Uisers== <!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.--> * {{flag|Afghanistan}}<ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/24/AR2006112400788.html |title=Weapon Of Mass Destruction |publisher=Washingtonpost.com |date= 2006-11-26|accessdate=2010-04-03 | first=Larry | last=Kahaner}}</ref> * {{flag|Albanie}}<ref name="jones2009">{{cite book| editor1-last=Ness |editor1-first= Leland S. |editor2-last=Jones |editor2-first=Richard| title = Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009-2010| url = http://books.google.com/?id=A5ngPgAACAAJ| date = 2009-01-05| publisher = Jane's Information Group| isbn = 978-0-7106-2869-5 }}</ref> * {{flag|Algerie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Angolae}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Armenie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Azerbaijan}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mouseguns.com/ak47info/ak47info.htm |title=Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov and the AK-4 |access-date=2011-11-30 |archive-date=2021-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201061109/http://www.mouseguns.com/ak47info/ak47info.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flag|Bangladesh}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Benin}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Botswana}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Bulgarie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> Bulgarie modification manufactured bi Arsenal J.S.Co as the AR-M1 in 7.62x39mm, 5.45x39mm, & 5.56x45mm<ref>[http://www.arsenal-bg.com/defense_police/5.56_arsenal_assault_rifle_ar-m1_ar-m1f.htm 5.56mm AR-M1 & AR-M1F] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618165043/http://www.arsenal-bg.com/defense_police/5.56_arsenal_assault_rifle_ar-m1_ar-m1f.htm |date=2014-06-18 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.arsenal-bg.com/defense_police/7,62ar-m1-m1f.htm 7.62mm AR-M1 & AR-M1F] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075455/http://www.arsenal-bg.com/defense_police/7%2C62ar-m1-m1f.htm |date=2014-10-06 }}</ref> * {{flag|Cambodie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Cape Verde}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Central African Republic}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Chile}}<ref name="gander1995">{{cite book |first=Terry J. |last=Gander |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995-96 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=qSL8AAAACAAJ| date=May 1995 |isbn=978-0-7106-1241-0}}</ref> * {{flag|Comoros}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Republic o the Congo}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Democratic Republic o the Congo}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|East Germany}}<ref name="popenker">[http://world.guns.ru/assault/as01-e.htm Modern Firearms – AK-47 AKM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306135325/http://world.guns.ru/assault/as01-e.htm |date=2008-03-06 }}. World.guns.ru (2011-01-24). Retrieved on 2011-03-14.</ref> * {{flag|Egyp}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Ethiopie}}: AK-47 variant.<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae}}: Type 56 variant wis uised.<ref name="miller2001">{{cite book| author = D. M. O. Miller| title = Illustrated directory of twentieth century guns| url = http://books.google.com/?id=GgpRPgAACAAJ| date = 2001-08-31| isbn = 978-1-84065-245-1 }}</ref> * {{flag|Gabon}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Georgie}}:<ref name="jones2009"/> Uised bi the Georgie Airmit Forces for ower 15 years. Replacit bi the M4 carbine in 2008.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.mod.gov.ge/files/ijwtsgknrxgeo.pdf |title=Georgian Army Bids Farewell to Soviet Guns |journal=Today Defence |date=January 2008 |issue=7 |access-date=2011-11-30 |archive-date=2010-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231163645/http://mod.gov.ge/files/ijwtsgknrxgeo.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}: EKAM counter-terrorist unit o the Hellenic Polis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kalibar.rs/code/navigate.php?Id=74 |title=Trojanski Konj za Teroriste |language=Serbian |author=Milosevic, Milan |year=2005 |publisher=Kalibar |accessdate=2009-04-04 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rzTsOf8X?url=http://www.kalibar.rs/code/navigate.php?Id=74 |archivedate=2010-08-15 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/Attachment11480_ENHMEROTIKO_EKAM_ENGL.pdf |title=Greece Ministry of Public Order Press Office: Special Anti-Terrorist Unit |year=July 2004 |publisher=Official Website of the Hellenic Police |access-date=2009-09-27 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rOg1WIHo?url=http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/Attachment11480_ENHMEROTIKO_EKAM_ENGL.pdf |archivedate=2010-07-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flag|Guinea}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Guyana}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Hungary}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Indie}}: In uise bi Force One.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/maha%5Cs-elite-counter-terror-unit-force-one-becomes-operational/377563/|title=Maha's elite counter terror unit Force One becomes operational|accessdate=2010-07-05|publisher=Business Standard}}</ref> * {{flag|Iran}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Iraq}}<ref name="washingtonpost"/><ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Israel}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Laos}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Lesotho}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Liberie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Libie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Macedonie}}<ref>[http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2006/10/12/feature-03 Macedonian military police, US National Guard conduct joint manoeuvres]. SETimes.com. Retrieved on 2011-03-14.</ref> * {{flag|Madagascar}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Mali}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Maltae}}: Type 56 variant.<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Morocco}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Mongolie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Mozambique}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Namibie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|North Korea}}: Type 56 an Type 58 variants wis uised.<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Palestine}}<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/06/world/middleeast/06mideast.html Israel Aids Palestinians With Arms], New York Times. September 5, 2008.</ref> * {{flag|Pakistan}}: Type 56 variant is uised bi the Special Service Group o the Pakistan Airmy.<ref>[http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/regiments/ssg.html Pakistan Military Consortium]. www.PakDef.info (1989-05-29). Retrieved on 2011-03-14. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515155011/http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/regiments/ssg.html |date=2011-05-15 }}</ref> * {{flag|Peru}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Philippines}}: Uised bi the Santiago City PNP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&rp=1&fi=p060902.htm&no=3&date=09/02/2006|title=Santiago city forms SWAT team to combat crime|accessdate=2010-02-01|publisher=Philippine Information Agency|date=2006-09-02|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220404/http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&rp=1&fi=p060902.htm&no=3&date=09%2F02%2F2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flag|Poland}}<ref name="popenker"/> * {{flag|Qatar}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Romanie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Sao Tome an Principe}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}<ref>[http://www.nickryan.net/articles/sahara.html Western Sahara – In the unforgiving deserts of south west Algeria, Nick Ryan meets the nomads fighting a 25 year battle.]</ref> * {{flag|Seychelles}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Sierra Leone}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Sirie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Somalie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Soviet Union}}: Adoptit bi the [[Soviet Union]] in 1951.<ref name="miller2001"/> * {{flag|Sri Lanka}}: Type 56 variant.<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Sudan}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Tanzanie]]<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Togo}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Turkey}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Vietnam}}: Type 56 variant wis uised extensively bi the Viet Cong.<ref name="miller2001"/> * {{flag|Yemen}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Yugoslavie}}<ref name="popenker"/> * {{flag|Zambie}}<ref name="jones2009"/> * {{flag|Zimbabwe}}<ref name="jones2009"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons}} * [http://www.izhmash.ru/eng/product/akm.shtml Manufacturer's Offeecial Steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092719/http://www.izhmash.ru/eng/product/akm.shtml |date=2014-10-06 }} * [http://kalashnikov.guns.ru/ AK Site – Kalashnikov Hame Page] * [[s:AK-47 Operator's Manual|US Airmy Operator's Manual for the AK-47 Assault Rifle]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ak-47}} [[Category:1947 introductions]] [[Category:7.62 mm fireairms]] [[Category:Assault rifles]] [[Category:Roushie inventions]] nnkc36dnijifqrj90rsy1jq4j2kjqft 0 21648 923069 383143 2026-09-23T08:19:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dablink|This airticle is aboot the admeenistrative region in Greece. For ither uises, see [[Macedonie]] an [[Thrace (disambiguation)]].}} {{Infobox settlement | name = East Macedonie an Thrace | type = [[Modren regions o Greece|Region o Greece]] | native_name = {{lang|el|Περιφέρεια Ανατολικής Μακεδονίας<br />και Θράκης}} | image = | image_map = Periferia_Anatolikis_Makedonias_ke_Thrakis.png | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Greece}} | leader_title = Regional govrenor | leader_name = Aristeidis Giannakidis | leader_party = [[PASOK]] | parts_type = [[Regional units o Greece|Regional units]] | parts_style = list | p1 = [[Drama (regional unit)|Drama]] | p2 = [[Evros (regional unit)|Evros]] | p3 = [[Kavala (regional unit)|Kavala]] | p4 = [[Rhodope (regional unit)|Rhodope]] | p5 = [[Thasos]] | p6 = [[Xanthi (regional unit)|Xanthi]] | seat_type = Caipital | seat = [[Komotini]] | population_total = 606170 | population_as_of = 2011 | area_total_km2 = 14157 | population_density_km2 = auto | iso_code = GR-A | website = [http://pamth.gov.gr pamth.gov.gr] }} '''East Macedonie an Thrace''' ({{lang-el|Ανατολική Μακεδονία και Θράκη}}, formally {{lang|el|Περιφέρεια Ανατολικής Μακεδονίας και Θράκης}}) is ane o the thirteen [[Modren regions o Greece|regions]] o [[Greece]]. It consists of the northeastren pairts o the kintra, comprisin the eastren pairt o the [[regions o Greece|region]] o [[Macedonie (Greece)|Macedonie]] alang wi the region o [[Wastren Thrace|Thrace]], an the islands o [[Thasos]] an [[Samothrace]]. == Admeenistration == East Macedonie an Thrace wis established in the 1987 admeenistrative reform. Wi the 2010 [[Kallikratis plan]], its pouers an authority wur redefinit an extendit. Alang wi [[Central Macedonie]], it is supervisit bi the [[Decentralizit Admeenistration o Macedonie an Thrace]] based at [[Thessaloniki]]. The region is based at [[Komotini]]. It is dividit intae the Macedonie [[regional units o Greece|regional units]] o [[Drama (regional unit)|Drama]], [[Kavala (regional unit)|Kavala]] an [[Thasos]] an the Thracian regional units o [[Xanthi (regional unit)|Xanthi]], [[Rhodope (regional unit)|Rhodope]] an [[Evros (regional unit)|Evros]]. Afore the Kallikratis reform, the regional units (except Thasos, which wis pairt o Kavala) wur admeenistered as separate [[prefecturs o Greece|prefecturs]]. Syne 1994, they wur grouped into the [[Drama-Kavala-Xanthi Super-prefectur|Drama-Kavala-Xanthi]] an [[Rhodope-Evros Super-prefectur|Rhodope-Evros]] [[super-prefectur]]s. The region's govrenor is, syne 1 Januar 2011, [[Aristeidis Giannakidis]], who wis electit in the [[Greek local elections, 2010|November 2010 local admeenistration elections]] for the [[Panhellenic Socialist Muivement]]. ==Major commonties== *[[Alexandroupoli|Alexandroúpoli (Αλεξανδρούπολη)]] *[[Drama, Greece|Dráma (Δράμα)]] *[[Kavala|Kavála (Καβάλα)]] *[[Komotini|Komotiní (Κομοτηνή)]] *[[Xanthi|Xánthi (Ξάνθη)]] ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.pamth.gov.gr/ East Macedonie an Thrace region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721080959/http://www.pamth.gov.gr/ |date=2011-07-21 }} {{Kallikratis-East Macedonia an Thrace}} {{Greek Macedonie}} {{Regions o Greece}} {{coord|41|10|N|25|00|E|region:GR_type:adm1st_source:kolossus-jawiki|display=title}} [[Category:East Macedonie an Thrace| ]] [[Category:Modren regions o Greece]] [[Category:Macedonie (Greece)]] [[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the European Union]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1987]] fx4s0jtf6uupn35n80jq0ado4uf9ccv 0 32497 923059 834011 2026-09-23T06:43:08Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Comrat<br>Komrat | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = | image_flag = | image_seal = Interbelic Comrat CoA.png |image_map = | map_caption = Location o Comrat in [[Moldovae]] |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_type1 = Autonomous Region |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name = [[Moldovae]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Gagauzie]] |subdivision_name2 = | established_title = Foondit | established_date = [[1789]] | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | government_type = | leader_title = [[Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Nicolai Dudoglo]] | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of=2004 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 23429 | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | pushpin_map= Moldova | pushpin_caption = Location o Comrat in [[Moldovae]] | coordinates = {{coord|46|19|N|28|40|E|region:MD|display=inline}} | longEV = E | elevation_footnotes= | elevation_ft = | elevation_m = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Comrat''' ({{IPA-ro|komˈrat}}; [[Gagauz leid|Gagauz]]: ''Komrat''; {{lang-ru|Комрат}} / ''Komrat'') is a [[ceety]] in [[Moldovae]] an the caipital o the autonomous region o [[Gagauzie]]. It is locatit in the sooth o the kintra, on the [[Ialpug]] River. In 2004, Comrat's population wis 23,429, o which the vast majority are [[Gagauz fowk|Gagauzians]]. The name is o [[Turkic leids|Turkic]] an [[Nogai leid|Nogai]] origin. <!-- and means? --> == History == Comrat began tae be settled in 1789, an receivit [[toun privileges]] in 1957. Durin the time when the toun wis pairt o [[Moldavie Soviet Socialist Republic]], Comrat's industry wis geared taewart the production o [[butter]], [[wine]], an [[Cairpet|rug]]s, the latter ornatit wi [[Moldavie]] motifs. The [[Comrat State Varsity]] wis established in 2002. == Population == *1989: 25,800 (offeecial census)<ref>''World Gazetteer''. "[http://www.bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-136&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=&geo=490736866 Comrat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155642/http://www.bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-136&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=&geo=490736866 |date=2007-09-30 }}". Accessed September 22, 2006.</ref> *1991: 27,500 (estimate) *1996: 27,400 (estimate) *2004: 23,429 (offeecial census) *2006: 22,369 (estimate) *2011: 24,135 (estimate) == Economy == A ceety wi exreme property, Comrat is situatit in the soothren wine zone o Moldovae. It is kent for production o reid wines an muscats. In Comrat an its suburbs thare are aboot 10 wine factories. Fuid production is vera developit in the ceety. Comrat is a hame for fuid processin factories, alcohol production, an an ile processin plant (the first an anerlie ane in Moldovae). Thare is such economic agents as a ferro-concrete factory an aw, furnitur productions, firth processin, production o plastic windaes an doors, cattle butcheries, an transport companies. == Sichts == * Cathedral o Saunt John, biggit in 1820 * Museum o local history * Museum o [[Gagauz fowk|Gagauz]] cultur, locatit in the suburb o [[Beşalma]] * Gagauzian airt gallery * Turkis leebrar bi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk * Alley o Gagauzian Glory * Memorial dedicatit tae defenders o Comrat (sculptor: Dubinovskiy) * Monument Dedicatit tae troops suffered in Afghanistan (sculptor: Afanasiy Dmitrievich Karacoban) * Monument o Vladimir Lenin * Monument o military tank. ==Wineries== Aur-Vin is a [[Moldovan wine producers|Moldovan wine producer]] frae Comrat. This factory takes pairt o the [[Moldovan wine producers|Moldovan wine producer]] Dionis Club. ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Moldovae}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Comrat is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi: {| cellpadding="10" |- style="vertical-align:top;" *{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Isparta]], [[Turkey]] |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{German|Comrat|September 22, 2006}} *[http://www.comrat.md/ www.comrat.md Offeecial steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419223938/http://comrat.md/ |date=2010-04-19 }} *[http://www.divizianationala.com/index.php?option=com_joomgallery&func=viewcategory&catid=42&Itemid=244 Komrat Stadium in www.divizianationala.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304064444/http://www.divizianationala.com/index.php?option=com_joomgallery&func=viewcategory&catid=42&Itemid=244 |date=2012-03-04 }} {{Gagauzie, Moldovae}} {{AdmeenCeetiesMoldovae}} [[Category:Gagauzie]] [[Category:Ceeties in Moldovae]] nree7zscjdmocl1qlim3ejvwfs8wwq6 0 32774 923088 900512 2026-09-23T10:56:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video gemme |title = |image = |caption = |developer = [[Rockstar North]]<br />[[Rockstar Toronto]] (PC) |publisher = [[Rockstar Games]] |distributor = [[Take-Two Interactive]] |writers = [[Dan Houser]]<br />[[Sam Houser]] |series = ''[[Grand Theft Auto (series)|Grand Theft Auto]]'' |engine = [[Rockstar Advanced Game Engine|RAGE]]<br />[[Euphoria (software)|Euphoria]] <small>(motion engine)</small><ref name="RAGE Euphoria">{{cite web| last = Boyer| first = Brandon| title = Product: Grand Theft Auto IV Using NaturalMotion's Euphoria| work = [[Gamasutra]]| publisher = CMP Game Group| date = 2007-06-29| url = http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=14526| accessdate = 2008-04-03| archive-date = 2018-09-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180919083123/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=14526| url-status = dead}}</ref> |released= '''Xbox 360'''<br />29 October 2009<ref name="EuroG_Release">{{cite web|last = Gibson | first = Ellie |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/new-gtaiv-dlc-gets-release-date |title=New GTAIV DLC gets release date News // Xbox 360 /// Eurogamer - Games Reviews, News and More |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=2009-07-23 |accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref> '''PlayStation 3, Windows'''<br />{{vgrelease|NA=13 Aprile 2010<ref name="release delayed">{{cite web|url=http://ps3.ign.com/articles/107/1078600p1.html|title=''Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City Gets Delayed''|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=2010-03-18|accessdate=2010-03-18|archive-date=2012-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522010812/http://ps3.ign.com/articles/107/1078600p1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>|PAL=16 Aprile 2010<ref name="release delayed"/>}} |genre = [[Action-adventur game|Action-adventur]], [[Open warld]] |modes = [[Single-player video gemme|Single-player]], [[Multiplayer video gemme|multiplayer]] ([[third-person view|third-person]] view) |ratings = {{Vgratings|ACB=MA15+|BBFC=18|ESRB=M|PEGI=18}} |platforms = [[Xbox 360]]<br />[[Microsoft Windows]]<br />[[PlayStation 3]] |media = [[Optical disc]], [[Online distribution|download]] |requirements = ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'' }} '''''Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony''''' is the seicont o the twa [[Episodic gemmes|episodic expansion packs]] available tae the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 an PC versions o ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]'', developit bi [[Rockstar North]] an released for the Xbox 360 on 29 October 2009.<ref name="EuroG_Release"/> It wis then released for the PlayStation 3 an Microsoft Windows on 13 Aprile 2010. It is the fowert [[expansion pack]] in the ''[[Grand Theft Auto (series)|Grand Theft Auto series]]'', the 14t release on the series an is the feenal game o the Grand Theft Auto IV era. ''The Ballad of Gay Tony'' follaes the exploits o protagonist, [[:en:List of Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony characters#Luis Fernando Lopez|Luis Fernando Lopez]], a member o the Dominican drog dealers an the personal bodyguard o Anthony "Gay Tony" Prince. Prince is the awner o the twa lairgest nichtclubs in Liberty City an is a heich-status [[socialite]]. ==Gameplay== ''The Ballad of Gay Tony'' includes the ability tae replay previously passed missions wi scorin, seemilar tae the ''[[Hitman (video gemme)|Hitman]]'' an ''[[Manhunt (video gemme)|Manhunt]]'' series. This featur wis previously introducit tae the series in ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars]]''. Additions tae the gemme's inventory include new wappens sic as the [[FN P90]], the [[M249 SAW]] licht machine gun, the [[Atchisson Assault Shotgun]], the [[AutoMag (pistol)|.44 Auto Mag]] pistol, an the sniper rifle [[DSR-1]]. It includes the return o [[satchel chairge]]s an aw. Additional vehicles include heich-end sports caurs, sedans, a new aircraft, a smaw attack helicopter cried the "Buzzard", a hivy-lift helicopter cried the "Skylift", an a shuttle helicopter namit the "Swift". In addition, the [[parachute]] which can be foond in ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas|San Andreas]]'' returns an aw, allouin players tae pairticipate in [[BASE jumpin]] an [[skydivin]] challenges. When flyin a helicopter the cairt nou functions as an [[altimeter]] (seemilar tae a featur in ''San Andreas''). The gemme introduces a new [[drivin range]] activity an aw, as well as the ability tae veesit Tony's twa nichtclubs; whaur thay can pairticipate in drinkin an dancin-based minigemmes. Thay can manage the club's security an aw. If players wish tae dae sae, thay are able tae enter an unnergrund fechtin tournament an aw, whaur thay can aither spectate or compete in fechts. In multiplayer, free mode, deathmatch, team deathmatch, race an GTA Race modes wur updatit, an a "BASE jumpin" (multiplayer competeetion) mode wis introducit, as a variation o free mode.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rockstargames.com/theballadofgaytony/multiplayer |title=Exclusive Features: Multiplayer |access-date=2012-03-31 |archive-date=2016-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403232302/http://www.rockstargames.com/theballadofgaytony/multiplayer |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Plot== ''The Ballad of Gay Tony'' begins wi Luis Fernando Lopez bein held hostage at the Bank of Liberty in Algonquin, durin a robbery involvin [[Niko Bellic]], Packie an Derrick McReary an Michael Keane. A local gun club member lyin next tae him, Eugene Reaper, shuits an kills Keane an is then killed bi Packie McReary in retaliation. The scene cuts tae the eftermath o the robbery; Luis is questioned bi the polis aboot the incident afore proceedin tae "Gay Tony"'s loft. On the wey thare, he is nearly run ower bi [[Niko Bellic]] (returnin frae the robbery) an [[Johnny Klebitz]] who drives past him. Rocco Pelosi, a senior Ancelotti mobster, an his accomplice, Vince, enter the loft tae collect Tony's club income for the week as interest repayment on an outstaundin loan. Tony then discusses wi Luis his dire financial situation wi his twa clubs, '''[[Bungalow 8|Maisonette 9]]''' an '''[[Hercules]]'''. In an attempt tae curry favour wi Rocco, Tony an Luis go tae Chinatown tae negotiate a deal wi a senior Triad. [[:en:List of Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned characters#Billy Grey|Billy Grey]], preses o The Lost Motorcycle Gang is seen arrangin an ambush on [[:en:List of Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned characters#Johnny Klebitz|Johnny Klebitz]] an [[:en:List of Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned characters#Jim Fitzgerald|Jim Fitzgerald]] wi the Triad as Tony an Luis enter the room. The negotiations wi the Triad suin turn awry, an Luis protects Tony throu thair escape frae Chinatown. Luis visits his mither, who haes financial issues an aw, an his childhuid friends Henrique Bardas and Armando Torres. Luis' mither daes no appruive o his lifestyle, an wad lik him tae attend college. Henrique an Armando are Luis' friends who are hivily involvit wi the narcotics distribution tred. Luis suin becomes acquaintit wi [[:en:List of Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony characters#Yusuf Amir|Yusuf Amir]], (voicit bi [[Omid Djalili]]) a real estate developer in Liberty City. Luis helps Yusuf acquire several vehicles, includin an experimental military grade chopper cried the "[[MD Helicopters MH-6 Little Bird|Buzzard]]," which Luis steals frae Sooth African airms dealer Frickie van Hardenburg, an [[Cadillac Gage Commando|APC]] uised bi the [[Unitit States Depairtment o Hameland Security|Naitional Office Of Security Enforcement(NOoSE)]], an even a subwey carriage. Meanwhile, Tony is heidit in a dounward spiral due tae substance abuis, suppleed bi his boyfriend Evan Moss. Luis, Tony an Evan heid tae the docks tae buy twa million dollars worth o diamonds frae a chef comin in on a tanker cried the "Platypus". In the Grand Theft Auto IV openin cutscene, the chef can be seen mixin thir diamonds intae cake batter on the Platypus as Niko walks bi. Durin the exchynge, members o The Lost (led bi Johnny Klebitz) attack an kill Evan tae acquire the diamonds. Tony promises Luis that he will quit the substance abuis an introduces Luis tae Mori Kibbutz, an his younger brither Brucie. Mori is heichlie egotistical an constantly chuises tae bully an belittle Brucie, a soorce o irritation tae Luis who repeatedly staunds up for the younger brither. Luis daes eventually manage tae effectively cancel Tony's debt tae Mori. Efter Luis finishes his last favor for Mori, Brucie staunds up tae his brither, punchin him in the neb. Brucie shows up in a cutscene at the Maisonette club tae thank Luis, makking a sexual advance on him an aw. Mori later calls Luis, revealing that he's taken a dictatorial poseetion in a [[commune]]. Tony an Luis meet Ray Bulgarin an his associate Timur at Maisonette 9, who affer Luis some wirk in exchynge for financial help. Luis helps Bulgarin eliminate some corrupt federal agents an acquire the Liberty City Rampage hockey team. Gracie Ancelotti gets Tony back on the drugs an is later kidnapped bi unkent assailants (Revealed tae be Niko Bellic an Packie McReary frae GTA IV) . The Ancelottis establish that Gracie haes been kidnapped acause o the diamonds an are pointin the blame at Tony an Luis. Tony learns that the diamonds are bein exchyngit at the Libertonian, an sends Luis tae retrieve them. Luis ambushes the exchynge (involvin Niko Bellic an Johnny Klebitz) an escapes in the Buzzard, which haes syne been [[gowd platin|gowd platit]]. Bulgarin phones Luis, telling him tae go tae the ruif o a biggin in midtoun [[Manhattan|Algonquin]]. As Luis uncovers the severed heid o the chef frae the "Platypus", Bulgarin explains that the diamonds belang tae him an accuses the chef, Luis an Tony o colludin tae steal them. It emerges that Bulgarin haes led Luis tae an ambush on the ruiftop, an he escapes alive. Luis an Tony are then ordered bi Gracie's faither, Giovanni Ancelotti, tae tred the diamonds wi the kidnappers in order tae get Gracie back. At the exchynge, Bulgarin shows up an orders his men tae attack the assailants, Packie McReary an Niko Bellic. Bulgarin flees the scene an amidst the chaos the diamonds faw intae a dump truck heidit the opposite direction. Luis, Tony an Gracie then successfully escapit in a speedboat. As a result o bein preoccupeed wi recent events, Tony neglects tae pey his debts an the ceety closes doun aw o his clubs. Luis meets Rocco an Vince in the restrooms in Middle Pairk, an thay expleen tae him that he must kill Tony, afore baith the Ancelottis an Roushies decide tae team up an kill Tony, Luis an aw o thair friends an faimily. Luis shows up at Maisonette 9, an contemplates shuitin Tony afore pointin the gun at Vince an shuitin him in the heid. Tony warns Luis no tae shuit Rocco, as he is a "[[made man]]". Rocco escapes, an the Roushies show up ensuin in a huge gunfecht athin the club. Tony blames Luis for contemplatin tae kill him, he then flees tae his apairtment tae pack an muive tae the desert. Luis convinces Tony that he chuise no tae kill him acause it's them against the warld, an that thay need tae resolve thair situation. Luis venturs tae Firefly Island tae ambush a Roushie heroin exchynge, tellin Tony tae hide oot bi the Monoglobe structur in Meadows Pairk, [[Queens|Dukes]]. In the fairgrund, Luis destroys the heroin an kills Timur, who mentions that Bulgarin is fleein the ceety bi plane athin twa oors. Efter an opportune phone conversation, Yusuf shows up in the Buzzard an eliminates the pursuin Roushies while Luis drives tae the airport. Luis manages tae buird the plane, an kill aw o the henchmen onbuird. A vengeful Bulgarin emerges frae the cockpit huldin a grenade, threatenin destruction tae baith o them if Luis kills him. Luis takes the risk an shuits Bulgarin, who drops the grenade causin it tae explode. Luis parachutes oot o the burnin wreckage o the plane tae safety, an heids tae Meadows Pairk whaur Tony is waitin. In the pairk, Luis accidentally knocks a hameless man intae a trash can, who fynds the missin diamonds amangst the trash an runs aff gleefully. Yusuf approaches Tony an Luis an the three celebrate thair victory an leuk toward the futur. At the end o the credits sequence, Mori an Brucie are seen in an unnergrund cage fecht an Packie McReary is seen leavin Liberty City on a plane wi the stolen money frae robbin a bank wi Niko Bellic. The hameless man who foond the diamonds is later shawn livin in a mansion surroondit bi weemen an aw o Tony's clubs are reopened. Efter this, the player can chuise tae replay past missions if thay sae chuise tae dae sae. ==Reception== {{VG Reviews |1UP=A-<ref>{{cite web|title=Review|url=http://www.1up.com/do/reviewPage?cId=3176671&p=4|publisher=1UP.com|author=Mike Nelson|access-date=2012-03-31|archive-date=2020-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126142625/http://www.1up.com/do/reviewPage?cId=3176671&p=4|url-status=dead}}</ref> |EuroG=8/10<ref>{{cite web|title=Review|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/grand-theft-auto-iv-the-ballad-of-gay-tony-review|publisher=eurogamer|author=Tom Bramwell}}</ref> }} The gemme receivit maistly positive reviews, wi a metascore o 89 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/xbox360/grandtheftauto4theballadofgaytony?q=ballad{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At the [[:en:Spike Video Game Awards|2009 Spike Video Game Awards]], ''Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony'' wis awairdit the Best [[Dounloadable content|DLC]] awaird. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{official website|http://www.rockstargames.com/theballadofgaytony}} * [http://www.GrandTheftWiki.com/The_Ballad_of_Gay_Tony The Ballad of Gay Tony] on Grand Theft Wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad Of Gay Tony}} [[Category:2009 video gemmes]] [[Category:Action-adventur gemmes]] [[Category:Grand Theft Auto]] [[Category:Open warld video gemmes]] [[Category:Organisit crime video gemmes]] [[Category:PlayStation 3 gemmes]] [[Category:Windows gemmes]] [[Category:Xbox 360 gemmes]] horqh9n7tesojkksp335f91zllck2ar 0 32949 923021 875799 2026-09-23T01:20:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ampelokipoi | native_name = Αμπελόκηποι | native_name_lang = el | settlement_type = Neighborhood | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = Athens Touer in Ampelokipoi | nickname = | motto = | mottoeng = | image_map = Ampelokipoi in Athens.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within Athens | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|37|59|23|N|23|45|53|E|region:GR|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Greece]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Modren regions o Greece|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Attica]] | subdivision_type2 = Ceety | subdivision_name2 = [[Athens]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 115 22, 115 23, 115 24, 115 26 | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = [http://www.cityofathens.gr www.cityofathens.gr] | footnotes = }} '''Ampelokipoi''' (Αμπελόκηποι) is a lairge, central destrict o the ceety o [[Athens]]. In 1908, [[Panathinaikos]] Athletic Club wis foondit in this destrict. Ampelokipoi is locatit in the centre o [[Athens]], near [[Zografou]], [[Goudi]], [[Psychiko]], [[Pagkrati]]. The destrict hosts 2 [[Rapid transit|metro]] stations. *[[Ambelokipi station]] *[[Panormou station]] __TOC__ Important biggins are locatit in Ampelokipi: == Govrenment biggins == *[[Hellenic Polis]] Heidquairters (Αστυνομικό Μέγαρο) *[[Court o Cassation (Greece)]] (Άρειος Πάγος) *[[Athens Prefectur]] Biggin (Νομαρχία Αθηνών) == Hospitals == *[[Erythros Stavros Hospital]] (Red Cross) *[[Errikos Dynan Hospital]] *[[Ippokrateio Hospital]] *[[Elpis Hospital]] *[[Agios Sabbas Hospital]] == Ither == *[[Panathinaikos]] stadium *[[Athens Touer]] (Πύργος των Αθηνών) *Apollo Touer (Πύργος Απόλλων) - the tawest residential touer in Greece.<ref>http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&id=110578 {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is 80m taw an consists o 25 floors. == Hotels == *Preses Hotel == Cinemas == *Aavora *Alfavil *Andora *Astron *Athinaion *Danaos *Galaxias *Nirvana *ODEON Zina *Plaza ==Residential streets== Here is a leet o residential streets in the Ambelokipi aurie, maist o which are geographically-orientit: <table> <tr> <td valign=top width=450px> [[Acarnania]]s Street<br> [[Achaea|Achaias]] Street<br> [[Amaliada|Amaliados]] Street<br> [[Ampelakia|Ampelakion]] Street<br> [[Aretaeus o Cappadocie|Aretaiou]] Street<br> [[Vjosë|Aoou]] Street<br> [[Aphaea]]s Street<br> [[Argolis|Argolidos]] Street<br> [[Arta, Greece|Artis]] Street<br> [[Boeotia]]s Street<br> [[Colchis|Colchidos]] Street<br> [[Corinthia]]s Street<br> Daskalaki Street<br> [[Dimitsana]]s Street<br> Doukissis Plakentias Street<br> Elsin Street<br> [[Hestia|Estias]] Street<br> [[Aetolia-Acarnania|Etolias]] Street<br> [[Evrytania]]s Street<br> [[Gytheio]]u Street<br> [[Kalamata|Kalamon]] Street<br> [[Calabria|Kalavrias]] Street<br> [[Karystos|Karystou]] Street<br> [[Georgios Kedrenos|Kedrinou]] Street<br> [[Komotini]]s Street<br> [[Lamia (ceety)|Lamias]] Street<br> [[Larissa|Larissis]] Street<br> [[Lasithi]]ou Street<br> Loudias Street<br> Louizis Riankour Street </td> <td valign=top width=450px> Maiandroupoleos Street<br> Megalou Spilaiou Street<br> [[Messenia|Messinias]] Street<br> Nileon Street<br> [[Palermo|Panormou]] Street<br> Pavli Street<br> [[Karşıyaka|Peramou]] Street<br> [[Phocis|Phocidos]] Street<br> [[Phthiotis|Phthiotidos]] Street<br> [[Portaria]]s Street<br> Pouliou Street<br> [[Sevastopol|Sevastoupoleos]] Street<br> [[Sithonia]]s Street<br> [[Stageira|Stageiron]] Street<br> [[Theophano (10t century)|Theophanous]] Street<br> Trifyllias Street<br> [[Trikala|Trikalon]] Street<br> [[Tyana|Tyanon]] Street<br> [[Vardousia|Vardousion]] Street<br> [[Vatopedi monastery|Vatopediou]] Street<br> [[Feres, Magnesie|Velestinou]] Street<br> Vrastovou Street<br> [[Vytina]]s Street<br> </td></tr></table> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Athens}} [[Category:Athens]] hdv24uktaxwffnkv2o2knxmnzmgr2db 0 37801 922999 922981 2026-09-22T23:17:46Z Atlantic306 30244 updated using the English wikipedia article Gibraltar 922999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Gibraltar | common_name = Gibraltar | image_flag = Flag of Gibraltar.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg | symbol_width = 75px | image_map = EU-Gibraltar (pre-Brexit).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=daurk green|country={{nobold|Gibraltar}}|region=Europe |region_color=daurk grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green}} | image_map2 = Gibraltar map-en-edit2.svg | map2_width = 250px | map_caption2 = Map o Gibraltar | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"Montis Insignia Calpe"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Badge o the Rock o Gibraltar"<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|title =National Symbols|publisher =Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate =21 June 2013|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141113200625/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|archive-date =13 November 2014||df =dmy-all}}</ref>}} | national_anthem = "[[God Save the King]]" {{small|(offeecial)}} <center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</center><br/>"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" {{small|(local)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |title=Gibraltar: National anthem |work=[[CIA World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |accessdate=25 September 2011 |quote=National anthem: name: "Gibraltar Anthem" ... note: adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; because Gibraltar is a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom) |archive-date=2018-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412173438/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | status = {{nowrap|[[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish Owerseas Territory]]}} | official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | languages_type = Spoken leids | languages = [[Inglish leid|Inglis]] <br> [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] <br>[[Llanito]] | capital = Gibraltar | coordinates = {{Coord|36|8|N|5|21|W|type:city}} | largest_settlement_type = district<br/>{{nobold|(by population)}} | largest_settlement = [[Westside, Gibraltar|Westside]] | ethnic_groups = [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]{{ref label|note_a|a}} <br> [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] <br> [[Maghrebis]] <br> [[South Asian]] | demonym = {{nowrap|[[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]<br/>Llanito {{small|([[colloquial]])}}}} | government_type = [[Representative democracy|Representative democratic]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[Dependent territory|dependency]] unner [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = [[Govrenor o Gibraltar|Govrenor]] | leader_name2 = [[Ben Bathurst]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Meenister o Gibraltar|Chief Meenister]] | leader_name3 = [[Fabian Picardo]] | leader_title4 = [[Mayor o Gibraltar|Mayor]] | leader_name4 = [[Nicky Guerrero]] | leader_title5 = [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick|UK government]] minister{{ref label|note_b|b}} | leader_name5 = [[Stewart Wood]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] | legislature = [[Gibraltar Pairlament|Pairlament]] | area_rank = <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]];(should not be any here as it is listed with a dash) --> | area_km2 = 6.7 | area_sq_mi = 2.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0 | population_census = 37,936<ref name="CensusNov22">{{cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/uploads/statistics/2025/Census/Census%20of%20Gibraltar%202022%20-%20Report.pdf|title=Census of Gibraltar 2022|date=14 November 2022|publisher=Government of Gibraltar|page=44|quote=On Census Day, 14 November 2022 the usually-resident population of Gibraltar was recorded as 37,936.}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 5,000 | population_density_sq_mi = 12,264 | GDP_PPP = £1.64&nbsp;billion | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = £50,941 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = n/a | sovereignty_type = [[History o Gibraltar|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Captur o Gibraltar|Capturt]] | established_date1 = 4 August 1704<ref name="New Style">Gibraltar wis capturt on 24 Julie 1704 [[Auld Style]] or 4 August 1704 [[New Style]].</ref> | established_event2 = [[Treaty o Utrecht|Cedit]] | established_date2 = 11 Apryle 1713<ref>The treaty wis signed on 31 Mairch 1713 [[Auld Style]] or 11 Apryle 1713 [[New Style]] ([[:s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain|Peace an Friendship Treaty o Utrecht atween Fraunce an Great Breetain]]).</ref> | established_event3 = [[Gibraltar Naitional Day|Naitional Day]] | established_date3 = 10 September 1967 | established_event4 = Jynt the [[European Economic Commonty|EEC]] | established_date4 = 1 Januar 1973{{ref label|note_c|c}} | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2015 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.961 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hGAiCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62#v=onepage Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons (2015)] Avakov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. Algora Publishing, 1 April 2015.</ref> | HDI_rank = 5th | currency = [[Gibraltar poond]] ([[Poond sign|£]]){{ref label|note_d|d}} | currency_code = GIP | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right{{ref label|note_e|e}} | calling_code = [[+350]]{{ref label|note_f|f}} | patron_saint = {{unbulleted list |[[Bernard o Clairvaux]] |[[Oor Leddy o Europe]]}} | cctld = [[.gi]]{{ref label|note_g|g}} | footnote_a = {{note|note_a}} O mixed [[Genoa|Genoese]], [[Maltese fowk|Maltese]], [[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]] an [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]] strynd. | footnote_b = {{note|note_b}} Meenister o State in the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] wi responsibility for Europe an the Americaes. | footnote_c = {{note|note_c}} As a [[Special Member State territories an the European Union|Special Member State territory]] o the Unitit Kinrick. | footnote_d = {{note|note_d}} Cunyies an sterling notes are issued bi the Govrenment o Gibraltar. | footnote_e = {{note|note_e}} Unlik aw ither UK dependencies except the [[Breetish Indie Ocean Territory]], syne 16 Juin 1929. | footnote_f = {{note|note_f}} 9567 frae Spain before 10 Februar 2007. | footnote_g = {{note|note_g}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aw uised, shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. <big><br/><br/>[[Postcodes in the Unitit Kinrick#Owvrseas territories|UK Postcode:]] GX11 1AA</big><ref name="gx111aa">{{cite web|url=http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|title=Universal Postal Union document on Gibraltar|website=Upu.int|accessdate=3 August 2017|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413022455/http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Gibraltar''' ({{IPA-en|dʒɨˈbrɒltəɹ}};{{IPA-es|xiβɾalˈtaɾ}}) is a wee [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territory]] locatit on the soothren end o the [[Iberie Peninsulae]] at the entrance o the [[Mediterranean]]. It haes an aurie o {{convert|6.8|km2|sqmi}} an a [[Gibraltar-Spain border|northren border]] wi [[Andalusie]], [[Spain]]. The [[Rock o Gibraltar]] is the major laundmerk o the region. At its fuit is the densely populatit ceety aurie, hame tae amaist 30,000 [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]s an ither naitionalities.<ref>{{cite web | website = statistics@gibraltar.gov.gi | title = Abstract of Statistics 2009, Statistics Office of the Government of Gibraltar | page = 2 | origyear = 2009 | url = http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | access-date = 2012-09-14 | archive-date = 2014-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033409/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | url-status = dead }} ''The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents. Visitors and transients are not included.'' In 2009, this broke down into 23,907 native born, 3,129 UK British, 2,395 Other for a total population of 29,431. On census night there were 31,623 people present in Gibraltar.</ref> An Anglo-Dutch force [[captur o Gibraltar|captured Gibraltar]] frae Spain in 1704 durin the [[War o the Spaingie Succession]]. The territory wis subsequently cedit tae Breetain "in perpetuity" unner the [[Treaty o Utrecht]] in 1713. It wis an important base for the [[Ryal Navy]]; the day its economy is based lairgely on tourism, financial services, an shippin.<ref name="FCO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110513205312/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/gibraltar?profile=economy Country Profiles: Gibraltar], [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], 6 May 2010; retrieved 15 May 2010</ref><ref name="Maec">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100325220954/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/embajadas/londres/es/menuppal/gibraltar/Paginas/LacuestiondeGibraltar.aspx Informe sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar], Spanish Foreign Ministry {{es icon}}</ref> The sovereignty o Gibraltar is a major pynt o contention in [[Spain–United Kingdom relations|Anglo-Spaingie relations]] as Spain asserts [[Disputit status o Gibraltar|a claim tae the territory]].<ref name="Maec"/> Gibraltarians rejectit proposals for Spainyie sovereignty in a 1967 referendum an again in 2002. Unner the [[Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006|Gibraltar constitution o 2006]], Gibraltar govrens its awn affairs, tho some pouers, such as defence an foreign relations, remain the responsibility o the UK Govrenment. ==Etymologie== The name ''Gibraltar'' is the Spaingie derivation o the [[Arabic]] name ''Jabal-ı Tārık'' (جبل طارق), meanin "muntain o Tariq."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|title=History of Gibraltar|accessdate=20 December 2007|date=|publisher=Government of Gibraltar|archive-date=2008-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103220336/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It refers tae the geological formation, the [[Rock o Gibraltar]], which in turn wis namit efter the [[Berber fowk|Berber]] [[Umayyad]] general [[Tariq ibn-Ziyad]] who led the initial incursion [[Umayyad conquest o Hispania|intae Iberie in advance o the main Moorish force]] in 711 unner the command o Umayyad Caliph [[Al-Walid I]]. Earlier, it wis kent as ''[[Mons Calpe]]'', ane o the [[Pillars of Hercules]]. The day, Gibraltar is colloquially referred tae as ''Gib'' or ''the Rock''. ==Toun twinnins== ;Current *[[Ballymena]], [[Northren Ireland]], Unitit Kinrick (2006). *[[Funchal]], [[Madeira]], [[Portugal]] (2009) ==See an aw== *[[Gibraltarian fowk]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://dotcom.gi/map Interactive Map o Gibraltar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329062117/http://www.dotcom.gi/map/ |date=2007-03-29 }} *[http://www.gibraltar.com Gibraltar.com – Complete information portal for Gibraltar] *[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi Govrenment o Gibraltar] {{UK ceeties}} [[Category:Gibraltar| ]] [[Category:Arabic loanwirds]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Heidlands o Europe]] [[Category:Jewish Spaingie history]] [[Category:Peninsulaes o Europe]] [[Category:Umayyad Caliphate]] [[Category:Wastren Europe]] osp15gszrgshcyr27x3ubgakkzkzif9 923000 922999 2026-09-22T23:21:27Z Atlantic306 30244 updated 923000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Gibraltar | common_name = Gibraltar | image_flag = Flag of Gibraltar.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg | symbol_width = 75px | image_map = EU-Gibraltar (pre-Brexit).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=daurk green|country={{nobold|Gibraltar}}|region=Europe |region_color=daurk grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green}} | image_map2 = Gibraltar map-en-edit2.svg | map2_width = 250px | map_caption2 = Map o Gibraltar | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"Montis Insignia Calpe"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Badge o the Rock o Gibraltar"<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|title =National Symbols|publisher =Gibraltar.gov.gi|accessdate =21 June 2013|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141113200625/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|archive-date =13 November 2014||df =dmy-all}}</ref>}} | national_anthem = "[[God Save the King]]" {{small|(offeecial)}} <center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</center><br/>"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" {{small|(local)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |title=Gibraltar: National anthem |work=[[CIA World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |accessdate=25 September 2011 |quote=National anthem: name: "Gibraltar Anthem" ... note: adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; because Gibraltar is a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom) |archive-date=2018-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412173438/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | status = {{nowrap|[[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish Owerseas Territory]]}} | official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | languages_type = Spoken leids | languages = [[Inglish leid|Inglis]] <br> [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] <br>[[Llanito]] | capital = Gibraltar | coordinates = {{Coord|36|8|N|5|21|W|type:city}} | largest_settlement_type = district<br/>{{nobold|(by population)}} | largest_settlement = [[Westside, Gibraltar|Westside]] | ethnic_groups = [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]{{ref label|note_a|a}} <br> [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] <br> [[Maghrebis]] <br> [[South Asian]] | demonym = {{nowrap|[[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]<br/>Llanito {{small|([[colloquial]])}}}} | government_type = [[Representative democracy|Representative democratic]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[Dependent territory|dependency]] unner [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = [[Govrenor o Gibraltar|Govrenor]] | leader_name2 = [[Ben Bathurst]] | leader_title3 = [[Chief Meenister o Gibraltar|Chief Meenister]] | leader_name3 = [[Fabian Picardo]] | leader_title4 = [[Mayor o Gibraltar|Mayor]] | leader_name4 = [[Nicky Guerrero]] | leader_title5 = [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick|UK government]] minister{{ref label|note_b|b}} | leader_name5 = [[Stewart Wood]] [[Member o Pairlament|MP]] | legislature = [[Gibraltar Pairlament|Pairlament]] | area_rank = <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]];(should not be any here as it is listed with a dash) --> | area_km2 = 6.7 | area_sq_mi = 2.6 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0 | population_census = 37,936<ref name="CensusNov22">{{cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/uploads/statistics/2025/Census/Census%20of%20Gibraltar%202022%20-%20Report.pdf|title=Census of Gibraltar 2022|date=14 November 2022|publisher=Government of Gibraltar|page=44|quote=On Census Day, 14 November 2022 the usually-resident population of Gibraltar was recorded as 37,936.}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 5,000 | population_density_sq_mi = 12,264 | GDP_PPP = £1.64&nbsp;billion | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = £50,941 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = n/a | sovereignty_type = [[History o Gibraltar|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Captur o Gibraltar|Capturt]] | established_date1 = 4 August 1704<ref name="New Style">Gibraltar wis capturt on 24 Julie 1704 [[Auld Style]] or 4 August 1704 [[New Style]].</ref> | established_event2 = [[Treaty o Utrecht|Cedit]] | established_date2 = 11 Apryle 1713<ref>The treaty wis signed on 31 Mairch 1713 [[Auld Style]] or 11 Apryle 1713 [[New Style]] ([[:s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain|Peace an Friendship Treaty o Utrecht atween Fraunce an Great Breetain]]).</ref> | established_event3 = [[Gibraltar Naitional Day|Naitional Day]] | established_date3 = 10 September 1967 | established_event4 = Jynt the [[European Economic Commonty|EEC]] | established_date4 = 1 Januar 1973{{ref label|note_c|c}} | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2015 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.961 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hGAiCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62#v=onepage Quality of Life, Balance of Powers, and Nuclear Weapons (2015)] Avakov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. Algora Publishing, 1 April 2015.</ref> | HDI_rank = 5th | currency = [[Gibraltar poond]] ([[Poond sign|£]]){{ref label|note_d|d}} | currency_code = GIP | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right{{ref label|note_e|e}} | calling_code = [[+350]]{{ref label|note_f|f}} | patron_saint = {{unbulleted list |[[Bernard o Clairvaux]] |[[Oor Leddy o Europe]]}} | cctld = [[.gi]]{{ref label|note_g|g}} | footnote_a = {{note|note_a}} O mixed [[Genoa|Genoese]], [[Maltese fowk|Maltese]], [[Portuguese fowk|Portuguese]] an [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]] strynd. | footnote_b = {{note|note_b}} Meenister o State in the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] wi responsibility for Europe an the Americaes. | footnote_c = {{note|note_c}} As a [[Special Member State territories an the European Union|Special Member State territory]] o the Unitit Kinrick. | footnote_d = {{note|note_d}} Cunyies an sterling notes are issued bi the Govrenment o Gibraltar. | footnote_e = {{note|note_e}} Unlik aw ither UK dependencies except the [[Breetish Indie Ocean Territory]], syne 16 Juin 1929. | footnote_f = {{note|note_f}} 9567 frae Spain before 10 Februar 2007. | footnote_g = {{note|note_g}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aw uised, shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. <big><br/><br/>[[Postcodes in the Unitit Kinrick#Owvrseas territories|UK Postcode:]] GX11 1AA</big><ref name="gx111aa">{{cite web|url=http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|title=Universal Postal Union document on Gibraltar|website=Upu.int|accessdate=3 August 2017|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413022455/http://www.upu.int/fileadmin/documentsFiles/activities/addressingUnit/gibEn.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Gibraltar''' ({{IPA-en|dʒɨˈbrɒltəɹ}};{{IPA-es|xiβɾalˈtaɾ}}) is a wee [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territory]] locatit on the soothren end o the [[Iberie Peninsulae]] at the entrance o the [[Mediterranean]]. It haes an aurie o {{convert|6.8|km2|sqmi}} an a [[Gibraltar-Spain border|northren border]] wi [[Andalusie]], [[Spain]]. The [[Rock o Gibraltar]] is the major laundmerk o the region. At its fuit is the densely populatit ceety aurie, hame tae amaist 38,000 [[Gibraltarian fowk|Gibraltarian]]s an ither naitionalities.<ref>{{cite web | website = statistics@gibraltar.gov.gi | title = Abstract of Statistics 2009, Statistics Office of the Government of Gibraltar | page = 2 | origyear = 2009 | url = http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | access-date = 2012-09-14 | archive-date = 2014-12-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033409/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf | url-status = dead }} ''The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents. Visitors and transients are not included.'' In 2009, this broke down into 23,907 native born, 3,129 UK British, 2,395 Other for a total population of 29,431. On census night there were 31,623 people present in Gibraltar.</ref> An Anglo-Dutch force [[captur o Gibraltar|captured Gibraltar]] frae Spain in 1704 durin the [[War o the Spaingie Succession]]. The territory wis subsequently cedit tae Breetain "in perpetuity" unner the [[Treaty o Utrecht]] in 1713. It wis an important base for the [[Ryal Navy]]; the day its economy is based lairgely on tourism, financial services, an shippin.<ref name="FCO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110513205312/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/gibraltar?profile=economy Country Profiles: Gibraltar], [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], 6 May 2010; retrieved 15 May 2010</ref><ref name="Maec">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100325220954/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/embajadas/londres/es/menuppal/gibraltar/Paginas/LacuestiondeGibraltar.aspx Informe sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar], Spanish Foreign Ministry {{es icon}}</ref> The sovereignty o Gibraltar is a major pynt o contention in [[Spain–United Kingdom relations|Anglo-Spaingie relations]] as Spain asserts [[Disputit status o Gibraltar|a claim tae the territory]].<ref name="Maec"/> Gibraltarians rejectit proposals for Spainyie sovereignty in a 1967 referendum an again in 2002. Unner the [[Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006|Gibraltar constitution o 2006]], Gibraltar govrens its awn affairs, tho some pouers, such as defence an foreign relations, remain the responsibility o the UK Govrenment. ==Etymologie== The name ''Gibraltar'' is the Spaingie derivation o the [[Arabic]] name ''Jabal-ı Tārık'' (جبل طارق), meanin "muntain o Tariq."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|title=History of Gibraltar|accessdate=20 December 2007|date=|publisher=Government of Gibraltar|archive-date=2008-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103220336/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It refers tae the geological formation, the [[Rock o Gibraltar]], which in turn wis namit efter the [[Berber fowk|Berber]] [[Umayyad]] general [[Tariq ibn-Ziyad]] who led the initial incursion [[Umayyad conquest o Hispania|intae Iberie in advance o the main Moorish force]] in 711 unner the command o Umayyad Caliph [[Al-Walid I]]. Earlier, it wis kent as ''[[Mons Calpe]]'', ane o the [[Pillars of Hercules]]. The day, Gibraltar is colloquially referred tae as ''Gib'' or ''the Rock''. ==Toun twinnins== ;Current *[[Ballymena]], [[Northren Ireland]], Unitit Kinrick (2006). *[[Funchal]], [[Madeira]], [[Portugal]] (2009) ==See an aw== *[[Gibraltarian fowk]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://dotcom.gi/map Interactive Map o Gibraltar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329062117/http://www.dotcom.gi/map/ |date=2007-03-29 }} *[http://www.gibraltar.com Gibraltar.com – Complete information portal for Gibraltar] *[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi Govrenment o Gibraltar] {{UK ceeties}} [[Category:Gibraltar| ]] [[Category:Arabic loanwirds]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Heidlands o Europe]] [[Category:Jewish Spaingie history]] [[Category:Peninsulaes o Europe]] [[Category:Umayyad Caliphate]] [[Category:Wastren Europe]] 73vggby038hxvr1x110qpvfuu49c9ch 0 40501 923061 920088 2026-09-23T07:08:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Aboot|the sangster|her 1992 sel-titled album|Celine Dion (album)}} {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = Céline Dion | image = Celine Dion Concert Singing Taking Chances 2008.jpg | caption = Dion durin her [[Taking Chances Tour]] concert in [[Bell Centre]], Montreal, on 19 August 2008. | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Céline Marie Claudette Dion | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1968|3|30}} | origin = [[Charlemagne, Quebec|Charlemagne]], Quebec, Canadae | instrument = Vocals | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop muisic|Pop]]|[[dance muisic|dance]]|[[rock muisic|rock]]|[[adult contemporary]]}} | occupation = Sangster,<ref name=Brit>Britannica.com. ''[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/164189/Celine-Dion Céline Dion]''. Retrieved September 13, 2009.</ref> sangwriter-composer,<ref name="evous.fr">{{cite web|url = http://www.evous.fr/musique/Marc-Dupre-Entre-deux-mondes,11068.html|title = Céline Dion signe le single de Marc Dupré : Ecoutez 'Entre deux mondes'|publisher = Evous.fr|accessdate = 27 September 2014|date = 8 September 2011|language = French|archive-date = 2016-03-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307182810/http://evous.fr/musique/marc-dupre-entre-deux-mondes,11068.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> actress<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=vME4TPh1RXwC&pg=PA233&dq=celine+dion+biography+actress&hl=en&ei=i9EPTde_IIH7lwfq5-26DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false René Angélil: the making of Céline Dion : the unauthorized biography] ''Google Books'' Retrieved December 20, 2010</ref> | years_active = 1980–present | label = [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music Canada]], [[Epic Records|Epic]], [[550 Music|550]], [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] | networth = over US$250&nbsp;million {{profit}}<br /><small>(Jan. 2007)</small> | website = {{URL|celinedion.com}} | Associated acts = [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[R. Kelly]], [[Peabo Bryson]], [[Barbra Streisand]], [[the Bee Gees]], [[Luciano Pavarotti]] }} '''Céline Marie Claudette Dion''', {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|OQ}}, ({{IPA-fr|selin djɔ̃|-|Fr-Céline-Dion.oga}}; born 30 Mairch 1968), is a [[Canadae|Canadian]] sangster. Born intae a lairge faimily frae [[Charlemagne, Quebec|Charlemagne]], Quebec,<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=CAvRv-Myw08C&pg=PA13&dq=Celine+Dion+Le+Gardeur+hospital#v=onepage&q&f=true|page=13|title=Celine Dion: For Keeps|first=Jenna |last=Glatzer|publisher=Andrews McMeel Pub|year=2005|isbn=0-7407-5559-5|accessdate=September 2, 2011}}</ref> Dion emergit as a teen starn in the French-speakin warld efter her manager an futur husband [[René Angélil]] mortgagit his hame tae finance her first record.<ref name="Jam">[http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Pop_Encyclopedia/D/Dion_Celine.html Céline Dion Biography] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. "[[Canadian Online Explorer|Canoe Jam!]]". Retrieved September 13, 2007.</ref> In 1990, she released the Inglis-leid album ''[[Unison (Celine Dion album)|Unison]]'', establishin hersel as a viable pop airtist in North Americae an ither Inglis-speakin auries o the warld.<ref name= Enc>{{cite web | title=The Canadian Encyclopedia | work=Céline Dion Biography | url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0000970 | accessdate=July 14, 2006 | archive-date=2011-09-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910200344/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0000970 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Dion haed first gained internaitional recognition in the 1980s bi winnin baith the 1982 [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]] [[World Popular Song Festival]] an the [[1988 Eurovision Song Contest]] whare she representit Swisserland.<ref name=Bliss>Bliss, Karen. "25 Years of Canadian Artists." ''Canadian Musician''. March 1, 2004, p. 34. ISSN: 07089635</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurovision.tv/page/history/by-year/contest?event=304 |title=Eurovision Song Contest 1988|publisher=European Broadcasting Union|accessdate=September 24, 2012}}</ref> Follaein a series o French albums in the early 1980s, she signed on to [[Sony Music|CBS Records Canadae]] in 1986. Durin the 1990s, wi the help o Angélil, she achievit warldwide fame efter signin wi [[Epic Records]] an releasin several Inglis albums alang wi additional French albums, becomin ane o the maist successfu airtists in pop muisic history.<ref name= Chuck>Taylor, Chuck. "Epic/550's Dion offers Hits." ''Billboard''. November 6, 1999, p. 1.</ref><ref name="CNNN">"[http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/dion/profile.html The Ultimate Diva]". [[CNN]]. October 22, 2002. Retrieved September 13, 2007.</ref> Housomeivver, in 1999 at the hicht o her success, Dion annooncit a hiatus frae entertainment in order tae stairt a faimily an spend time wi her husband, who haed been diagnosed wi cancer.<ref name="CNNN"/><ref name="Trans">Celine Dion. "Interview with Celine Dion." Peter Nansbridge. ''The National.'' With Alison Smith. ''[[CBC Television|CBC-TV]]''. March 28, 2002. Transcript.</ref> She returned tae the tap o pop muisic in 2002 an signed a three-year (later extendit tae amaist five years) contract tae perform nichtly in a five-starn theatrical show at the Colosseum at [[Caesars Palace]], [[Paradise, Nevada]].<ref name= Lavid>Helligar, Jeremy. "Céline Dion livin' la vida Vegas!." ''Us''. March 31, 2003, p. 56.</ref><ref>"[http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/34152?tp=1 Celine Dion Releases 1st CD Since 1997]". (April 15, 2002). ''Digital Journal'' Retrieved (October 12, 2009)</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hilburn |first=Robert |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/113465576.html?dids=113465576:113465576&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+11%2C+2002&author=Robert+Hilburn&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Pop+Albums%3B+Ashanti+Displaces+Dion+at+Top&pqatl=google |title=Pop Albums; Ashanti Displaces Dion at Top |date=October 12, 2009 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=2012-10-24 |archive-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103212239/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/113465576.html?dids=113465576:113465576&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+11,+2002&author=Robert+Hilburn&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Pop+Albums%3B+Ashanti+Displaces+Dion+at+Top&pqatl=google |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dion's muisic haes been influencit bi genres rangin frae rock an influenced by Steve Kazianis. [[Rhythm an blues|R&B]] tae [[Gospel muisic|gospel]] an [[European classical muisic|classical]]. While her releases hae aften receivit mixed creetical reception, she is renouned for her technically skilled an pouerful vocals.<ref name="Time1">Alexander, Charles P. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,980285,00.html The Power of Celine Dion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612175925/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,980285,00.html |date=2008-06-12 }}". ''[[Time (Magazine)|Time]]''. March 7, 1994</ref><ref name="Elysa">Gardner, Elysa. ''Review: Falling Into You''. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' Los Angeles, Calif.: November 16, 1997, p. 68</ref><ref name=cove>{{cite web| title=Cove Magazine| work=The 100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists| url=http://covemagazine.com/100vocalists.html| accessdate=August 29, 2006| archive-date=2006-07-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716122547/http://www.covemagazine.com/100vocalists.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> Dion is the best-sellin Canadian airtist o aw time,<ref>"[http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4599216-1.html Dion Named All-time Best-selling Canadian Act] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926131934/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4599216-1.html |date=2010-09-26 }}". (2000-1-06). Allbusiness. Retrieved October 12, 2009.</ref><ref>Learn, Josh "[http://media.www.brockpress.com/media/storage/paper384/news/2009/03/10/ArtsEntertainment/High-Fidelity.Top.Selling.Canadian.Artists-3666963.shtml High Fidelity: Top Selling Canadian Artists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015070747/http://media.www.brockpress.com/media/storage/paper384/news/2009/03/10/ArtsEntertainment/High-Fidelity.Top.Selling.Canadian.Artists-3666963.shtml |date=2009-10-15 }}". ''The Brock Press''. Retrieved October 12, 2009.</ref> is the seicont best-sellin female airtist in the US durin the [[Nielsen SoundScan]] era,<ref>{{cite web |author=Up for Discussion Jump to Forums |url=http://www.billboard.com/album/mariah-carey/emancipation-of-mimi/668708#/column-chartbeat/20-20-vision-mariah-marks-milestone-1004094895.story |title=The Emancipation of Mimi – Mariah Carey |work=Billboard |accessdate=June 30, 2010 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120719132751/http://www.billboard.com/album/mariah-carey/emancipation-of-mimi/668708%23/column-chartbeat/20-20-vision-mariah-marks-milestone-1004094895.story#/column-chartbeat/20-20-vision-mariah-marks-milestone-1004094895.story |archivedate=2012-07-19 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-battle-of-the-divas-round-1004007651.story</ref> an is the anerlie female airtist tae hae twa singles sell mair nor a million copies in the UK.<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/CELINE%20DION/ Featured Artists Celine Dion] ''Official Charts Company''. Retrieved October 3, 2010.</ref> In addition, her 1995 album ''[[D'eux]]'', is the best-sellin French-leid album o aw time.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070531083109/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/music/celinedion.html The real Céline: Céline Dion’s new French album shows her personal side]" May 29, 2007. ''CBC''. Retrieved October 12, 2009.</ref> In 2004, efter surpassin 175 million in album sales warldwide, she wis presentit wi the [[Chopard Diamond awaird|Chopard Diamond Awaird]] at the [[World Music Awards]] for becomin the best-sellin female airtist o aw time.<ref>[http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=90da7aa0-f97e-4bc1-9985-1fb521cf0d5e&k=20045 Céline Dion honoured by World Music Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016234519/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=90da7aa0-f97e-4bc1-9985-1fb521cf0d5e&k=20045 |date=2014-10-16 }} ''Canada.com'' Retrieved December 1, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Entertainment/20040914/dion_award040914/ World Music Awards to honor Céline Dion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305004129/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Entertainment/20040914/dion_award040914/ |date=2012-03-05 }} ''CTV News'' Retrieved December 1, 2010</ref> Accordin tae [[Sony Music Entertainment]], Dion haes sauld ower 200 million albums warldwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/02/10/music-dion-dc-idUSN0948472220080210?pageNumber=1|title=Q&A: 27 years into her career, Dion preps for next tour|agency=Reuters|date=February 9, 2008|accessdate=June 18, 2011|archive-date=2012-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021223104/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/02/10/music-dion-dc-idUSN0948472220080210?pageNumber=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Personal life == On 30 December 1994 Céline marriet her manager René Angelil. Thay hae three sons: René-Charles Angelil (born on 25 Januar 2001), an twins Eddy Angelil an Nelson Angelil (born on 23 October 2010). ==Discografie== {{Main 2|Celine Dion albums discografie|Celine Dion singles discografie|Celine Dion videografie}} '''French leid albums''' * 1981: ''[[La Voix du bon Dieu]]'' * 1982: ''[[Tellement j'ai d'amour...]]'' * 1983: ''[[Les Chemins de ma maison]]'' * 1984: ''[[Mélanie (album)|Mélanie]]'' * 1985: ''[[C'est pour toi]]'' * 1987: ''[[Incognito (Céline Dion album)|Incognito]]'' * 1991: ''[[Dion chante Plamondon]]'' * 1995: ''[[D'eux]]'' (U.S. release: ''The French Album'') * 1998: ''[[S'il suffisait d'aimer]]'' * 2003: ''[[1 fille & 4 types]]'' * 2007: ''[[D'elles]]'' * 2012: ''[[Sans attendre]]'' '''Inglis leid albums''' * 1990: ''[[Unison (Celine Dion album)|Unison]]'' * 1992: ''[[Céline Dion (album)|Celine Dion]]'' * 1993: ''[[The Colour of My Love]]'' * 1996: ''[[Falling into You]]'' * 1997: ''[[Let's Talk About Love]]'' * 2002: ''[[A New Day Has Come]]'' * 2003: ''[[One Heart]]'' * 2004: ''[[Miracle (Céline Dion album)|Miracle]]'' * 2007: ''[[Taking Chances]]'' * 2013: ''[[Loved Me Back to Life]]'' * 2019: "[[Courage]]" '''Holiday albums''' * 1981: ''[[Céline Dion chante Noël]]'' * 1983: ''[[Chants et contes de Noël]]'' * 1998: ''[[These Are Special Times]]'' ==Tours== {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Title !Releases |- |1983–1984 |[[Les chemins de ma maison tournée]] |Nane |- |1985 |[[C'est pour toi tournée]] |Vinyl ''[[Céline Dion en concert]]'' |- |1988 |[[Incognito tournée]] |Nane |- |1990–1991 |[[Unison Tour]] |VHS ''[[Unison (VHS)|Unison]]'' |- |1992–1993 |[[Celine Dion in Concert]] |Nane |- |1994–1995 |[[The Colour of My Love Tour]] |VHS/DVD ''[[The Colour of My Love Concert]]''; CD ''[[À l'Olympia]]'' |- |1995 |[[D'eux Tour]] |VHS/DVD ''[[Live à Paris (DVD)|Live à Paris]]''; CD ''[[Live à Paris]]'' |- |1996–1997 |[[Falling into You Tour]] |VHS ''[[Live in Memphis]]'' |- |1998–1999 |[[Let's Talk About Love World Tour]] |VHS/DVD ''[[Au cœur du stade (DVD)|Au cœur du stade]]''; CD ''[[Au cœur du stade]]'' |- |2003–2007 |''[[A New Day...]]'' |DVD/BD ''[[Live in Las Vegas - A New Day...]]''; CD ''[[A New Day... Live in Las Vegas]]'' |- |2008–2009 |[[Taking Chances Tour]] |DVD ''[[Céline sur les Plaines]]''; DVD/BD ''[[Celine: Through the Eyes of the World]]''; DVD/CD ''[[Taking Chances World Tour: The Concert]]'' |- |2011–2014 |[[Céline (residency show)|Céline]] | |} ==References== ;Notes {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dion, Celine}} [[Category:Celine Dion| ]] [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Ballad muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian child sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian dance muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian expatriate muisickers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Canadian female sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian filanthropists]] [[Category:Canadian pop sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Canadian sopranos]] [[Category:Canadian vyce actors]] [[Category:Eurovision Sang Contest entrants o 1988]] [[Category:Eurovision Sang Contest winners]] [[Category:French-leid sangsters o Canadae]] [[Category:French Quebecers]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]] [[Category:Juno Awaird winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Montreal]] [[Category:Officers o the Naitional Order o Quebec]] [[Category:Chevaliers o the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] [[Category:Chevaliers o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Companions o the Order o Canadae]] [[Category:Fowk frae Henderson, Nevada]] [[Category:Fowk frae Lanaudière]] [[Category:Swiss Eurovision Sang Contest entrants]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Jupiter Island, Florida]] bad17sv2zakzi6qc39vc36gkcmfehhz 0 41327 923032 913311 2026-09-23T03:28:02Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{infobox UK place| |country = Ingland |map_type = Greater Lunnon |region= London |population= | official_name= Bayswater | constituency_westminster= [[:en:Cities of London and Westminster (constituency)|Cities of London and Westminster]] | post_town= LONDON |postcode_area=W |postcode_district=W2 | dial_code= 020 | os_grid_reference= TQ255805 | coordinates = {{coord|51.5095|-0.1929|display=inline,title}} |static_image_name = Bayswater.jpg |static_image_caption =<small>Rooftop view of Bayswater, looking from the top of one of the Hallfield Estate tower blocks towards [[Kensington Gardens]].</small> }} '''Bayswater''' is an aurie o [[Central Lunnon]] in the [[Ceety o Wastmeenster]] <!--WHAT SHOULD THIS SAY: and the [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea]] to the west-->. It is a biggit-up destrict locatit 3 mile (4.8&nbsp;km) wast-north-wast o [[Charing Cross]], borderin the north o [[Hyde Park, Lunnon|Hyde Park]] an haein a population densitie o 17,500 per square kilometre. Bayswater is ane o Lunnon's maist cosmopolitan area, wharein a diverse local population is augmentit bi a heich concentration o hotels. In addition tae the native Inglis, thare is a significant [[Arab]] population towards [[Edgware Road]], a lairge [[Greeks|Greek]] commonty attractit bi Lunnon's Greek Orthodox Cathedral, mony [[Americans]] an Lunnon's main [[Brazil]]ian commonty. The area haes attractive streets an gairden squares lined wi Victorian [[stucco]] terraces, maistly nou subdividit intae flats an buirdin hooses. The property ranges from very expensive apairtments tae sma studio flats. Thare are purpose-biggit apairtment blocks datin frae the [[interbellum|inter-war]] period as well as mair recent developments an aw, an a lairge [[council estate]], the 650-flat [[Hallfield Estate]], designed bi Sir [[Denys Lasdun]] an nou lairgely sauld aff. [[Queensway (Lunnon)|Queensway]] an [[Westbourne Grove]] are its busiest [[:en:High Street|main street]]s, baith haeing mony ethnic-cuisine restaurants. ==History== The laund nou cried Bayswater belanged tae the Abbey o Wastmeenster whan the [[Domesday Book]] wis compiled; the maist kenspeckle tenant unner the abbot wis Bainiardus, probably the same [[Normans|Norman]] associate o the [[William the Conqueror|Conqueror]] that gied his name tae [[Baynard's Castle]]. The strynd o the laund held bi him canna be clearly tracit: but his name lang remained attached tae pairt o it; an, as late as the year 1653, a parliamentary grant o the Abbey or Chapter launds descrieves "the common field at Paddington" as bein "near a place commonly cried Baynard's Watering." In 1720, the launds o the Dean an Chapter are descrieved tae be the occupation o Alexander Bond, o Bear's Watering, in the same parish o Paddington. It mey tharefore fairly be concludit that this portion o grund, aawyes remarkable for its springs o excellent watter, ance supplee'd watter tae Baynard, his hoosehauld, or his cattle; that the memory o his name wis preservit in the neebourheid for sax centuries; an that his wattering-place nou taks the abbreviatit name Bayswater. ==Notable residents== *[[Damon Albarn]] *[[James Dundas]] *[[Brett Anderson]] *[[Mike Atherton]] *[[J. M. Barrie]], playwricht an novelist, author o [[Peter Pan]], an his wife Mary née Ansell, at 100 Bayswater Road *[[Tony Blair]] *[[Winston Churchill]] *[[A. J. Cronin]] *[[Ade Edmondson]] *[[Roger C. Field]], inventor an designer whose first hame wis flat D, 15 Cleveland Square *[[Alexander Fleming]] *[[Mariella Frostrup]] *[[Ferdinand de Géramb]] *[[Reginald Gray (airtist)|Reginald Gray]] (Erse Airtist) lived wi his wife Catherine at 105a Queensway from 1958 to 1963.Efter thair divorce in 1975 Catherine mairit jazzman Chris Barber. *[[J. B. Gunn]], physicist, livit wi his mither, the Freudian psychoanalyst L. F. Gunn / Grey-Clarke, at 14 Dunbar Terrace, in the 1940s *[[Alice Hart-Davis]] *[[Dylan Jones]] *[[Jonathan King]] *[[Keira Knightley]] *[[Guglielmo Marconi]] (the pioneer o wireless communication) livit at 71 Hereford Road atween 1896 an 1897 wi his mither upon arrival in Ingland (markit bi a [[Blue Plaque]]) *[[Rik Mayall]] *[[Stella McCartney]] *[[Dermot O'Leary]] *[[Irfan Orga]] (exile, writer) livit at 29, 35 an 21 Inverness Terrace frae 1942 till the mid fifties, publishin his memoirs ''Portrait of a Turkish Family'' in 1950. *[[Jennifer Saunders]] *[[Paul Simonon]] *[[Sting (muisicker)|Sting]] occupied a basement flat at 28A Leinster Square in the late seiventies durin the formative years o The Police. [[Trudie Styler]], nou his wife, livit in a basement flat twa doors doun.<ref>[http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,11913,768378,00.html http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,11913,768378,00.html] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''observer.guardian.co.uk''</ref> Various persons of internaitional renown are frequently reportit as buying property in the aurie, includin [[Claudia Schiffer]]. ==Local politics== The aurie elects sax cooncillors tae Wastmeenster Ceety Cooncil, currently aw Conservative. Three are electit frae the wairds o Bayswater, whare the Conservatives hae a majority in excess o 250 votes ower the Leeberal Democrats. Three are electit frae Lancaster Gate an aw, which is a safe Conservative waird, representit bi leader o the Cooncil [[:en:Simon Milton (politician)|Simon Milton]]. ==Education== {{Aboot||education in Bayswater|Leet o schuils in the Ceety o Wastmeenster}} ==Nearest places== * [[Paddington]] * [[Notting Hill]] * [[St John's Wood]] * [[Knightsbridge]] * [[Maida Vale]] * [[Little Venice]] * [[Kilburn, Lunnon|Kilburn]] ==Nearest tube stations== The nearest [[:en:List of London Underground stations|London Underground stations]] are [[:en:Bayswater tube station|Bayswater]], [[:en:Queensway tube station|Queensway]], [[Royal Oak tube station|Royal Oak]] an [[:en:Lancaster Gate tube station|Lancaster Gate]]. ==Places o interest== *[[Whiteleys|Whiteleys Shopping Centre]] *[[Marble Arch]] *[[Hyde Park, Lunnon|Hyde Park]] *[[St Sophia's Cathedral, Lunnon|St Sophia's Cathedral]] *[[Opus Dei]] UK heidquairters ==Hotels in Bayswater== *[[Umi hotels|umi Hotel London]] *[[Hempel Hotel]] *[http://www.queensparkhotel.com/ Queens Park Hotel] ==References in fiction== *In [[John le Carré]]'s ''[[The Spy who Came in from the Cold]]'', Liz is a member o the Bayswater South Branch o the [[Communist Party of Great Britain|Communist Party]]. *In le Carré's ''[[Smiley's People]]'', the retired Roushie major lives in a dingy flat on Westbourne Grove. *Mony o the chairacters in [[Samuel Selvon]]'s novel ''[[The Lonely Londoners]]'' live in Bayswater. *The [[Alfred Hitchcock]] film ''[[Frenzy]]'' wis filmed in the aurie. *In [[Martin Amis]]'s ''Success'', the twa main chairacters live thegither in a flat in Bayswater, which he calls 'the destrict of transients.' *In [[Oscar Wilde]]'s ''[[The Importance of Being Earnest]]'', Lady Bracknell indicates that the perambulator (carrying Jack, as a baby) wis foond "standing by itself in a remote corner of Bayswater". *In [[Saki]]'s short story "Cross Currents" (1909), Vanessa Pennington lives on a "Bayswater back street" but wad hae preferred "smarter surroundings." *In [[Evelyn Waugh]]'s novel ''[[Brideshead Revisited]]'', Charles Ryder's faither lives in Bayswater. *[[Whiteleys]] is frequently seen in film, e.g. ''[[Love Actually]]'', ''[[Closer (film)|Closer]]'', and wis referred to in ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' as Eliza Dolittle is sent "to [[Whiteleys]] to be attired" in ''Pygmalion''. It an aa haes recording studios on the tap floor. *Scenes in ''[[Alfie (1966 film)|Alfie]]'' (1966) war filmed aroond Chepstow Road. *The main chairacter in [[Iris Murdoch]]'s novel ''[[A Word Child]]'', Hilary Burde, haes a "flatlet" near Bayswater Tube Station. *Scenes in ''[[The Black Windmill]]'' refer to, an war filmed aroond, the aurie. *In the Italian comics series ''[[Dylan Dog]]'' the main chairacter lives in Craven Road. *Nick Jenkins meets Uncle Giles for tea at the Ufford Hotel, "riding at anchor on the sluggish Bayswater tide", in [[The Acceptance World]] (1955), Volume three of [[A Dance to the Music of Time]] bi [[Anthony Powell]]. *''[[The Poisonous Seed]]'' a novel bi Linda Stratmann is set awmaist entirely in Victorian Bayswater. *In [[Lauren Willig]];s Pink Carnation Series, her chairacter Eloise Kelly lives in Bayswater while writing her doctoral thesis. ==See an aw== *In reference tae the Bayswater river, refer tae [[River Westbourne]] *[[Aeroford]] - automobile manufactured in Bayswater *[[Leinster Gardens]] - a false [[façade]] on this street hides a [[London Underground]] line from view *[[Craven Hill Gardens]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Ceety o Wastmeenster}} [[Category:Destricts o the Ceety o Wastmeenster]] [[Category:Auries o Lunnon]] h7eyiskayllb8vetnbb6cn7k2pj1nle 0 42322 923091 909832 2026-09-23T11:34:46Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = <big>Han Cheenese</big><br/>{{linktext|漢|族}}/{{linktext|汉|族}}<br />[[wikt:漢人|漢人]]/[[wikt:汉人|汉人]] |image = <!--Please avoid using any political images between PRC/ROC issue--> |caption = <!--Please avoid using any political images between PRC/ROC issue--> <small>Top: |population = '''1,310,158,851''' |region1 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Majority populations'''</span> |region2 = {{flag|Cheenae}} |pop2 = 1,207,541,842 |ref2 = <ref name="ciastat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2015-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112210954/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region3 = {{flag|Taiwan}} |pop3 = 22,575,365 |ref3 = <ref name="ciastat"/> |region4 = {{flag|Hong Kong}} |pop4 = 6,593,410 |ref4 = <ref name="ciastat"/> |region5 = {{flag|Singapore}} |pop5 = 3,684,936 |ref5 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats/annual/ghs/r1/t1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2007-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710001636/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats/annual/ghs/r1/t1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region6 = {{flag|Macau}} |pop6 = 433,641 |ref6 = <ref name="ciastat"/> |region7 = <span style="font-size:105%;">'''Minority populations'''</span> |pop7 = |ref7 = |region8 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Thailand}} |pop8 = 7,053,240 |ref8 = <ref name="ocac">[http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B :: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. ::] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104195124/http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B |date=2011-01-04 }}. Ocac.gov.tw (2004-08-24). Retrieved on 2010-12-12.</ref> |region9 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Malaysie}} |pop9 = 6,590,500 |ref9 = <ref>[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm Malaysia]. State.gov (2010-07-14). Retrieved on 2010-12-12.</ref> |region10 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Unitit States}} |pop10 = 3,376,031 |ref10 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region11 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Indonesie}} |pop11 = 2.832.510 |ref11 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/49956-ID-kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704010200/https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/49956-ID-kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-04 |url-status=live|language=Indonesian|author=|date=2011|title=Jumlah dan Persentase Penduduk menurut Kelompok Suku Bangsa|website=media.neliti.com|publisher=Kewarganegaraan, suku bangsa, agama dan bahasa sehari-hari penduduk Indonesia|access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> |region13 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Canadae}} |pop13 = 1,364,215 |ref13 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region14 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Peru}} |pop14 = 1,300,000 |ref14 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region15 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Vietnam}} |pop15 = 1,263,570 |ref15 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region16 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Australie}} |pop16 = 1,185,000 |ref16 = <ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features90201]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |region17 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Cambodie}} |pop17 = 1,180,000 |ref17 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/07/content_8324545.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2015-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119103525/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/07/content_8324545.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> |region18 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Philippines}} |pop18 = 1,146,250 |ref18 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region19 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Burma}} |pop19 = 1,101,314 |ref19 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region20 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Roushie}} |pop20 = 998,000 |ref20 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region21 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Japan}} |pop21 = 655,377 |ref21 = <ref>{{cite web|title=国籍（出身地）別在留資格（在留目的）別外国人登録者(Number of foreign residents by country as of 2008)|url=http://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/Xlsdl.do?sinfid=000004032096|publisher=Ministry of Justice|date=2009-09-04|language=Japanese}}</ref> |region22 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Venezuela}} |pop22 = 400,000 |ref22 = <ref>http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224061845/http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf |date=2014-02-24 }} "Chinese people are an important population mostly in Venezuela (400,000)..." P. 201 (in Spanish)</ref> |region23 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Sooth Africae}} |pop23 = 350,000 |ref23 = <ref name="Park2009">{{cite book | url=http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/rei-v1.3b.pdf | work=Representation, Expression and Identity | year=2009 | publisher=Interdisciplinary Perspectives | title=Recent Chinese Migrations to South Africa - New Intersections of Race, Class and Ethnicity | first=Yoon Jung | last=Park | ISBN=978-1-904710-81-3 | accessdate=September 20, 2010 | archive-date=2010-12-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228041728/http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/rei-v1.3b.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> |region24 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} |pop24 = 296,623 |ref24 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region25 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Fraunce}} |pop25 = 230,515 |ref25 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region26 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Spain}} |pop26 = 197,214 |region27 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Indie}} |pop27 = 189,470 |ref27 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region28 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Laos}} |pop28 = 185,765 |ref28 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region29 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Brazil}} |pop29 = 151,649 |ref29 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region30 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Italy}} |pop30 = 162,000 |region31 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|New Zealand}} |pop31 = 147,510 |ref31 = <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/estimates_and_projections/NationalEthnicPopulationProjections_HOTP2006-26/Technical%20Notes.aspx |title=National Ethnic Population Projections: 2006(base)–2026 update |accessdate=July 22, 2011 }}</ref> |region32 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Netherlands}} |pop32 = 144,928 |ref32 = <ref name="ocac"/> |region33 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Sooth Korea}} |pop33 = 137,790 |ref33 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/Engnews/20060829/480100000020060829091233E3.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926055411/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/Engnews/20060829/480100000020060829091233E3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region34 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Panama}} |pop34 = 135,000 |ref34 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/panama/ch_pa01.htm#3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2008-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204231050/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/panama/ch_pa01.htm#3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |ref34 = <ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/1166678.stm | work=BBC News | title=Little China in Belgrade | date=2001-02-12 | accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> |region35 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Ireland}} |pop35 = 11,218 |ref35 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=1835 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2012-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016092935/http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=1835 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region36 = {{nbsp|5}}{{flag|Costa Rica}} |pop36 = ca 40,000 |ref36 = <ref name="ciastat"/> |languages = [[Cheenese leid|Cheenese]] |religions = [[Cheenese fowk releegion|Cheenese Fowk Releegion]], [[Mahayana Buddhism]] an [[Taoism]]. Backgrund o [[Confucianism]].<ref>[http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/nationality/han/ Travel China Guide – Han Chinese], [http://asia.msu.edu/eastasia/China/religion.html Windows on Asia – Chinese Religions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220182953/http://asia.msu.edu/eastasia/China/religion.html |date=2009-02-20 }}</ref> |related-c = }} {{Chinese|s=汉族|t=漢族|p=hànzú|myr=hàndzú|w=han-tzu|mi={{IPAc-cmn|h|an|4|z|u|2}}|j=hon3 zuk6|y=hon juhk|ci={{IPA-yue|hɔ̄ːn tsʊ̀k|}}|bpmf=ㄏㄢˋ ㄗㄨˊ|wuu=hoe zoh|buc=Háng-cŭk|poj=Hàn-cho̍k|teo=Hàng-tsôk|h=Hòn-tshu̍k}} '''Han Cheenese''' ({{zh|s=[[wikt:汉族|汉族]] or [[wikt:汉人|汉人]]|t=[[wikt:漢族|漢族]] or [[wikt:漢人|漢人]]|p=hànzú or hànrén}}) are an [[ethnic group]] native tae [[East Asie]]. Han Cheenese constitute aboot 92% o the [[population]] o the [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] (mainland Cheenae), 98% o the population o the [[Republic o Cheenae]] (Taiwan), 74% o the population o [[Singapore]], 24.5% o population o [[Malaysie]], an aboot 20% o the entire [[Warld population|global human population]], makkin it the lairgest ethnic group in the warld. Thare is considerable genetic, linguistic, cultural, an social diversity amang the [[Han Cheenese subgroups|subgroups o the Han]], mainly due tae thoosans o years o immigration an assimilation o various regional ethnicities an tribes athin Cheenae.<ref name="gene">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature02878 |title=Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2004-09-16_431_7006/page/302 |year=2004 |last1=Wen |first1=Bo |last2=Li |first2=Hui |last3=Lu |first3=Daru |last4=Song |first4=Xiufeng |last5=Zhang |first5=Feng |last6=He |first6=Yungang |last7=Li |first7=Feng |last8=Gao |first8=Yang |last9=Mao |first9=Xianyun |journal=Nature |volume=431 |issue=7006 |pages=302–5 |pmid=15372031}}</ref> The Han Cheenese are a subset o the [[Zhonghua minzu|Cheenese naition]] (''Zhonghua minzu''). Whiles Han an ither Cheenese refer tae thairsels as the "[[Descendants o the Yan an Huang Emperors]]" ({{zh|t=[[炎黃子孫]]|s=[[炎黄子孙]]}}). == References == {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Portal|Cheenae}} * [http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200409/16/eng20040916_157308.html How the Han Chinese became the world's biggest tribe] – Fowk's Daily Online Sept 16, 2004 {{Ethnic groups in Cheenae}} {{Han subgroups}} [[Category:Han Cheenese| ]] [[Category:Subgroups o the Han Cheenese]] mtnzzqxnwliyh0nb7g5c9f0xdk02o5m 0 45378 923016 893938 2026-09-23T00:24:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adriana Fonseca<ref>For an image of Adriana, see [[:File:Bajolasriendasdelamor.jpg|this page]]. She is shown with [[Gabriel Soto]].</ref> | image = Adriana Fonseca.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Adriana Fonseca (2014) | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|3|16|df=yes}}<ref name="universal">{{cite news|title=Adriana Fonseca participará en Tiempo final|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/583801.html|accessdate=24 May 2010|newspaper=El Universal|date=15 March 2009|language=Spanish|archive-date=2012-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008221117/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/583801.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz, Mexico]]<ref name=universal/> | birthname = Adriana Fonseca Castellanos | othername = | parents =Hugo Fonseca<br/>Guillermina Castellanos<ref name="Adriana Fonseca">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0284643/bio Adriana Fonseca]</ref> | occupation = Actress | relatives =Jacqueline an Hugo (siblins)<ref name="Adriana Fonseca"/> }} '''Adriana Fonseca Castellanos''' (born 16 Mairch 1979 in [[Veracruz, Veracruz]]<ref name=universal/>) is a [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[actress]]. She is best kent for her several roles in [[Televisa]]'s telenovelas like [[La Usurpadora]] as Veronica Soriano (1998), [[Rosalinda (telenovela)]] as Lucy Pérez Romero (1999), [[Mariana de la Noche]] as Caridad "Chachi" Montenegro (2003), [[Contra viento y marea]] as Sandra Serrano Rudell (2005), [[Bajo Las Riendas del Amor]] as Montserrat Linares (2007) an recently for her protagonist role in [[Telemundo]]'s successful telenovela [[Corazón Valiente]] as Ángela Valdez (2012). == Biografie == Fonseca stairtit her actin career performin in a local telly show. At 16 she wis acceptit intae the C.E.A. (''Centro de Educación Artística'') in Mexico. Winnin the awaird in the competition "[[:es:El rostro de El Heraldo de México|El rostro de El Heraldo de México]]" in 1997,<ref name=universal/> she pairticipatit in the soap opera ''[[La Usurpadora]]''. Fonseca haed an important role in the soap opera ''[[Rosalinda (telenovela)|Rosalinda]]'' playin the little sister o Rosalinda, Lucy. She haed her first protagonistic role in the soap opera ''Amigos Por Siempre'' next tae Ernesto LaGuardia. She combined this soap opera wi a theatre performance ''Mama nos quita los novios'' wi famous personalities such as Angelica Maria, [[Hulio Aleman]]. In 1999, Fonseca appeared in soap operas such as ''Gotita de amor'' an ''Preciosa'' but the role o Rosalinda's sister gave her the maist exposur. Fonseca then starred wi [[René Strickler]] in a ten-episode soap opera cried ''Mujer Bonita''. At 1998's ''Premios Lo Nuestro'', she wan the awaird for ''Rostro del Año''. She hes joined Telemundo's netwirk an is the main protagonist in ''[[Corazón Valiente]]'', alangside [[Ximena Duque]], [[Aylin Mujica]] an [[José Luis Reséndez]]. ==Filmografie== ===Telenovelas=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Title !Role |- | 2012-2013 || ''[[Corazón Valiente]]'' || Angela Valdez<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gloto.telemundo&feature=search_result |title=Telemundo Novelas App Featuring Corazón Valiente for Android |access-date=2013-02-01 |archive-date=2014-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722083156/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gloto.telemundo&feature=search_result |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2009 || ''[[Mujeres Asesinas 2]]'' || Cecilia, Prohibida |- | 2007 || ''[[Bajo Las Riendas del Amor]]'' || Montserrat Linares |- | 2005 || ''[[Contra Viento y Marea]]'' || Sandra Serrano Rudell |- | 2003 || ''[[Mariana de la Noche]]'' || Caridad "Chachi" |- | 2001 || ''[[Atrévete a Olvidarme]]'' || Andrea Rosales |- | 2001 || ''[[Mujer Bonita]]'' || Charito |- | 2000 || ''[[Amigos X Siempre]]'' || Melissa Escobar |- | 1999 || ''[[Rosalinda (telenovela)|Rosalinda]]'' || Lucy Pérez Romero |- | 1998 || ''[[La Usurpadora]]'' || Verónica Soriano |- | 1998 || ''[[Preciosa (telenovela)|Preciosa]]'' || Vanessa |- | 1998 || ''[[Gotita De Amor]]'' || Paola |- | 1997 || ''[[Pueblo Chico Infierno Grande]]'' || Jovita |- |} ==Freemit airtins== # [http://msnlatino.telemundo.com/novelas/Corazon_Valiente Corazón Valiente Video Episodes featuring Adriana Fonseca on Telemundo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116181711/http://msnlatino.telemundo.com/novelas/Corazon_Valiente |date=2013-01-16 }} # [http://corazonvaliente.telemundo.starcloud.us/inf/infomo?site=corazonvaliente&view=103888 Corazón Valiente Video Episodes featuring Adriana Fonseca on Telemundo mobile]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # [http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/telemundo-novelas/id430350805 Telemundo Novelas App Featuring Corazón Valiente for iPhone & iPad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113223007/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/telemundo-novelas/id430350805 |date=2012-11-13 }} ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fonseca, Adriana}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Mexican telenovela actresses]] [[Category:Mexican televeesion actresses]] [[Category:Fowk frae Veracruz, Veracruz]] icsjfp9g9desiipjkgh3g4db7sk50wl 0 45616 923095 919974 2026-09-23T11:55:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Historic centre o Mexico Ceety | native_name = Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México | image_skyline = Plaza de la Constitucion Ciudad de Mexico City.jpg | image_caption = The Zócalo, the main plaza o Mexico Ceety an the hert o the Centro Histórico | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Mexico]] | subdivision_type1 = Ceety | subdivision_name1 = [[Mexico Ceety]] | coordinates = {{coord|19|25|58.09|N|99|07|59.68|W|display=inline}} | timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset1 = −6 | timezone1_DST = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = −5 | footnotes = {{designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Historic Centre o Mexico Ceety an [[Xochimilco]] | designation1_date = 1987 <small>(11t [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])</small> | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv, v | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/412 412] | designation1_free1name = State Pairty | designation1_free1value = Mexico | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = [[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas|Laitin Americae an the Caribbean]] }} }} '''The historic centre o [[Mexico Ceety]]''' is kent as the "Centro" or "Centro Histórico" an aw. This neeborheid is focused on the [[Zócalo]] or main plaza in [[Mexico Ceety]] an extends in aw directions for a nummer o blocks wi its farthest extent bein wast tae the [[Mexico City Alameda Central|Alameda Central]]<ref name="Lonely">{{cite beuk |title=Lonely Planet Mexico City: Your map to the megalopolis |last=Noble |first=John |authorlink= |year=2000 |publisher=Lonely Planet |location=Oakland CA |isbn=1864500875|pages= |url=https://archive.org/details/mexicocity0000nobl}}</ref> The Zocalo is the mucklest plaza in Laitin Americae<ref name="WHO">{{cite web |url= http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/412 |title= UNESCO World Heritage Sites Mexico City Historic Center and Xochimilco |accessdate=2008-08-30 }}</ref> an the seicont mucklest in the warld efter Moscow's [[Red Square]].<ref name="CityGuide">{{cite web |url=http://www.mexicocity-guide.com/zones/historical_centre.htm |title=Mexico City Guide Historical Centre |accessdate=2008-08-30 |archive-date=2008-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013200825/http://www.mexicocity-guide.com/zones/historical_centre.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It can hauld up tae naurhaund 100,000 fowk.<ref name="Fox">{{cite news |title=Mexicans protest nationwide against crime wave |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,414064,00.html |work= |publisher=Fox News |date=August 30, 2008 |accessdate=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2008-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901172212/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,414064,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> This section o the ceety haes juist ower nine square km an occupees 668 blocks. It contains 9,000 biggins, 1,550 o it haes been declared o historical importance. Maist o thir historic biggins wur constructit atween the 16t an 20t centuries. It is dividit inta twa zones for preservation purposes. Zone A encompasses the pre-Hispanic ceety an its expansion frae the Viceroy period till Unthirldom. Zone B covers the auries aw ither constructions tae the end o the 19t century that are considered indispensable tae the preservation o the aurie's airchitectural an cultural heritage.<ref name="MexDes">{{cite journal |last=Valdez Krieg |first=Adriana |authorlink= |date=September 2004 |title=Al rescate del centro histórico |journal=Mexico Desconocido |volume=331 |issue= |pages= |url=http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/1307-Al-rescate-del-Centro-Hist%C3%B3rico-(Distrito-Federal) |accessdate=2008-09-02 |quote= |archive-date=2009-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305102136/http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/1307-Al-rescate-del-Centro-Hist%C3%B3rico-%28Distrito-Federal%29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is whaur the Spaniards began tae bigg whit is nou modren [[Mexico Ceety]] in the 16t century on the ruins o the conquered [[Tenochtitlan]], caipital o the [[Aztec Empire]].<ref name="WHO"/> As the centre o the auncient Aztec Empire an the seat o pouer for the Spainyie colony o [[New Spain]], the Centro Historico contains maist o the ceety's historic steids frae baith eras as well as a lairge nummer o museums. This haes made it a Warld Heritage Steid.<ref name="Lonely"/> == Climate == <div style="width:75%"> {{Weather box |location = Mexico City |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high F = 70 |Feb high F = 72 |Mar high F = 76 |Apr high F = 78 |May high F = 79 |Jun high F = 76 |Jul high F = 74 |Aug high F =74 |Sep high F = 73 |Oct high F = 73 |Nov high F =72 |Dec high F = 70 |Year high F = 74 |Jan low F = 45 |Feb low F = 46 |Mar low F = 50 |Apr low F = 53 |May low F = 55 |Jun low F = 57 |Jul low F = 56 |Aug low F = 56 |Sep low F = 55 |Oct low F = 52 |Nov low F = 48 |Dec low F = 45 |Year low F = 52 |Jan precipitation inch = 0.3 |Feb precipitation inch =0.2 |Mar precipitation inch = 0.5 |Apr precipitation inch = 0.8 |May precipitation inch = 1.9 |Jun precipitation inch = 4.2 |Jul precipitation inch = 5.1 |Aug precipitation inch = 4.8 |Sep precipitation inch = 4.3 |Oct precipitation inch = 1.7 |Nov precipitation inch = 0.6 |Dec precipitation inch = 0.3 |Year precipitation inch = 25 |source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=97667&refer=wikipedia |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Mexico City, Distrito Federal |publisher=Weatherbase |year=2011 |access-date=2013-02-17 |archive-date=2013-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731132631/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=97667&refer=wikipedia |url-status=dead }} Retrieved on November 24, 2011.</ref> |date=November 2011 }} </div> ==History== [[File:FountainGarciaBravoDF.JPG|thumb|left|Foontain wi busts honorin Alonso Garcia Bravo, wha laid oot post-Conquest Mexico Ceety conservin hintle o the oreeginal Aztec infrastructur. Locatit aff Merced Street atween Jesus María an Talavera, east o the Zocalo.]] Whit is nou the historic dountoun o Mexico Ceety roughly correlates wi the auncient Aztec ceety o Tenochtitlan, that wis foondit aroond 1325. Durin the prehispanic era, the ceety developit in a planned fashion, wi streets an canals aligned wi the cardinal directions, leadin tae orderly square blocks.<ref name="MexDes"/> The eilan that the ceety wis foondit on wis dividit intae fower calpullis or neebourheids that wur dividit bi the main north-sooth roads leadin tae [[Tepeyac]] an [[Iztapalapa]] respectively an the wast-east road that lead tae [[Tacuba]] an tae a dike intae the lake, respectively. The calpullis wur namit Cuepopan, Atzacualco, Moyotla an Zoquipan, that haed subdiveesions an a "tecpan" or destrict cooncil each. The intersection o thir roads wis the centre o the ceety an o the Aztec warld. Here wur the Templo Mayor, the pailaces o the [[tlatoani]] or emperors, pailaces o nobles sic as the "Hoose o the Demons" an the "Hoose o the Flouers". Ither things locatit here wur the twa maist renouned Aztec schuils: the Telpuchcalli for secular studies an the Calmecac for priestly trainin. Whan the Spaniards arrivit, the ceety gart bigg aqueducts bi [[Montezuma Ilhuicamina]] an [[Ahuizotl]] as well as a muckle dike constructit tae the east o the ceety.<ref name="oficial">{{cite beuk |title= Guia Oficial Centro de la Ciudad de Mexico |last=Horz de Via |first= Elena|coauthors= |year= 1991|publisher= INAH - SALVAT |language=Spanish |isbn=968-32-0540-2 |pages= 8–9 }}</ref> Efter the Spainyie conquest, this design remained mainly intact, maistly due tae the efforts o [[Alonso Garcia Bravo]], who supervised hintle o the rebiggin o the ceety. This reconstruction conservit mony o the main thoroufares sic as Tenayuca, renamit Vallejo; Tlacopan, renamit México Tacuba, an Tepeyac, nou cried the Calzada de los Misterios. Thay kept major diveesions o the ceety addin Christian prefixes tae the names sic as San Juan Moyotla, Santa María Tlaquechiuacan, San Sebastián Atzacualco an San Pedro Teopan an aw. In fact, maist o the centro historicos wis biggit wi the rubble o the destroyed Aztec ceety.<ref name="MexDes"/> A nummer o fowk durin this time, aw Spaniards, accumulatit vast walth maistly throu minin an commerce in the 17t an 18t centuries. This walth is reflectit in the various mansions scattered in the centro sic as the [[Palace o Iturbide]] an [[Casa de los Azulejos, Mexico Ceety|Casa de Azulejos]] (Hoose o Tiles). This hoose wis biggit in the 16t century in Arab style but its namesake tiles wur addit in 1747 whan the Coont o the Valley o Orizaba ordered the [[Talavera (pottery)|Talavera]] tiles frae [[Puebla]].<ref name="mundo">{{cite beuk |title= Patrimonio del Mundo America del Norte |last=Lutz |first= Jurgen |author2=Jochen Schurmann |year= 2002 |language=Spanish |isbn=84-01-61896-7 |volume=1 |pages= 246–257 |publisher= Plaza de Janes |location= Mexico }}</ref> In the early pairt o the 20t century, as a result o the Laitin American postur o then-Meenister o Public Eddication [[José Vasconcelos]], mony o the streets tae the north an wast o the Zocalo wur renamit efter Laitin American kintras.<ref name="historic99">{{cite beuk |title=Mexico City Historic Center |last= Galindo |first=Carmen |authorlink= |author2=Magdalena Galindo |year=2002 |publisher=Ediciones Nueva Guia |location=Mexico City |isbn=968-5437-29-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/mexicocityhistor0000unse|page=[https://archive.org/details/mexicocityhistor0000unse/page/99 99] }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Historic Centre O Mexico Ceety}} [[Category:Neebourheids in Mexico Ceety|Centro Historico]] [[Category:Historic centres]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Mexico]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Mexico Ceety]] rjjsd9hpw24sbxygflv6twju6gri93u 0 48793 923004 885902 2026-09-22T23:43:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923004 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''2008 Simmer Olympic Gemmes''', offeecially kent as the '''Gemmes o the XXIX Olympiad''', wis a major internaitional [[multi-sport event]] that teuk place in [[Beijing]], [[Cheenae]], frae August 8 tae 24, 2008.{{Ref label|A|a|a}} A tot o 10,942 athletes frae 204 [[Naitional Olympic Committee]]s (NOCs) competit in 28 sports an 302 events (a tot o ane event mair nor the schedule o the [[2004 Simmer Olympics|2004 Gemmes]]). Cheenae became the [[Leet o Olympic Gemmes host ceeties|22nt naition]] tae host the [[Olympic Gemmes]] an the 18t tae hauld a Simmer Olympic Gemmes. It wis the third time that the [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] war held in Asie, efter Tokyo, Japan, in [[1964 Simmer Olympics|1964]] an Seoul, Sooth Korea, in [[1988 Simmer Olympics|1988]]. The equestrian events war held in Hong Kong, makin it the third time the events o the same olympics war held unner the jurisdiction o twa different NOCs{{Ref label|B|b|b}}, while sailin wis contestit in [[Qingdao]], an [[association fitbaa|fitbaa]] events teuk place in several different ceeties. ==Gemmes== === Sports === [[File:Michael Phelps 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Michael Phelps]] set a record for nummer o gowd medals at the Olympics.]] The program for the Beijing Gemmes wis quite seemilar tae that o the 2004 Simmer Olympics held in Athens. Thare war 28 sports an 302 events at the 2008 Gemmes. Nine new events war held, includin twa frae the new [[Cyclin at the Simmer Olympics|cyclin]] discipline o [[Bicycle motocross|BMX]]. Weemen competit in the 3000&nbsp;metre [[steeplechase (athletics)|steeplechase]] for the first time. [[Open watter soummin]] events for men an weemen, ower the distance o {{convert|10|km|mi}}, war added tae the soummin discipline. Team events (men an weemen) in table tennis replaced the doubles events.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/2008/08/10/2008-08-10_a_2008_summer_olympics_primer.html|title=A 2008 Summer Olympics primer|date=August 10, 2008|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=June 8, 2009}}</ref> The followin war the 28 sports that war contestit at the Gemmes. The nummer o events contestit in each sport is indicatit in parentheses (in sports wi mair nor ane discipline, as identified bi the IOC,<ref name="IOC Sport Pages">[http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/index_uk.asp IOC Sport Pages] The list of Olympic Sports is provided at www.olympic.org. The link for each sport provides further links the disciplines of the sport, if applicable.</ref> thir are an aa specified). {{Col-begin}} {{Col-1-o-4}} * Aquatics (46) ** {{OlympicEvent|Divin|2008 Simmer|8}} ** {{OlympicEvent|Swimmin|2008 Simmer|34}} ** {{OlympicEvent|Synchronized swimmin|2008 Simmer|2}} ** {{OlympicEvent|Watter polo|2008 Simmer|2}} * {{OlympicEvent|Archery|2008 Simmer|4}} * {{OlympicEvent|Athletics|2008 Simmer|47}} * {{OlympicEvent|Badminton|2008 Simmer|5}} * {{OlympicEvent|Basebaw|2008 Simmer|1}} * {{OlympicEvent|Basketbaw|2008 Simmer|2}} * {{OlympicEvent|Boxin|2008 Simmer|11}} {{Col-2-o-4}} * {{OlympicEvent|Canoein|2008 Simmer|16}} ** Slalom (4) ** Sprint (12) * {{OlympicEvent|Cyclin|2008 Simmer|18}} ** BMX (2) ** Road (4) ** Track (10) ** Muntain bike (2) * {{OlympicEvent|Equestrian|2008 Simmer|6}} ** Dressage (2) ** Eventin (2) ** Jumpin (2) {{Col-3-o-4}} * {{OlympicEvent|Fencin|2008 Simmer|10}} * {{OlympicEvent|Field hockey|2008 Simmer|2}} * {{OlympicEvent|Fitbaa|2008 Simmer|2}} * {{OlympicEvent|Gymnastics|2008 Simmer|18}} ** Artistic (14) ** Rhythmic (2) ** Trampoline (2) * {{OlympicEvent|Haundbaw|2008 Simmer|2}} * {{OlympicEvent|Judo|2008 Simmer|14}} * {{OlympicEvent|Modern pentathlon|2008 Simmer|2}} * {{OlympicEvent|Rowin|2008 Simmer|14}} * {{OlympicEvent|Sailin|2008 Simmer|11}} * {{OlympicEvent|Shootin|2008 Simmer|15}} {{Col-4-o-4}} * {{OlympicEvent|Softbaw|2008 Simmer|1}} * {{OlympicEvent|Table tennis|2008 Simmer|4}} * {{OlympicEvent|Taekwondo|2008 Simmer|8}} * {{OlympicEvent|Tennis|2008 Simmer|4}} * {{OlympicEvent|Triathlon|2008 Simmer|2}} * {{OlympicEvent|Volleybaw|2008 Simmer|4}} ** Beach volleybaw (2) ** Volleybaw (2) * {{OlympicEvent|Weichtliftin|2008 Simmer|15}} * {{OlympicEvent|Wrestlin|2008 Simmer|18}} ** Freestyle (11) ** Greco-Roman (7) {{Col-end}} === Medal coont === {{Main|2008 Simmer Olympics medal table}} Aichty-seiven naitions earned medals, 54 o which won gowd medals, baith settin new records for Olympic Gemmes.<ref name=crary/><ref name=medaltable/> 118 participatin kintras did nae win a medal. Athletes frae [[Cheenae at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Cheenae]] won 51 gowd medals, the maist o ony naition at thir Olympics, becomin the first naition ether than the [[Unitit States at the Olympics|Unitit States]] an [[Roushie at the Olympics|Roushie]] (Soviet Union) tae lead in medals syne [[Germany at the 1936 Simmer Olympics|Germany]] at the [[1936 Simmer Olympics]].<ref name="crary">{{cite news | last = Crary | first = David | title = The final count: China's gold rush | work = NBCOlympics.com | publisher = NBC | date = August 24, 2008 | url = http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/newscenter/news/newsid=254694.html | accessdate = June 6, 2009 | agency = Associated Press | archive-date = 2011-07-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714161128/http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/newscenter/news/newsid%3D254694.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> The [[Unitit States at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Unitit States]] team won the maist medals oweraw, wi 110.<ref name=medaltable/> [[Afghanistan at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Afghanistan]],<ref>{{cite news | title = Afghans win first Olympic medal | publisher = [[BBC|BBC Sports]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/taekwondo/7572409.stm | accessdate = August 20, 2008 | date = June 5, 2009 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080821064824/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/taekwondo/7572409.stm | archivedate = 2008-08-21 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}</ref> [[Mauritius at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Mauritius]],<ref name=iht>{{cite news|title=Mauritian delight at first ever medal|url=http://olympics.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mauritian_delight_at_first_ever_medal/articleshow/3394390.cms|work=Times of India|location=India|date=August 22, 2008|accessdate=June 5, 2009|archive-date=2008-08-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080827091942/http://olympics.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mauritian_delight_at_first_ever_medal/articleshow/3394390.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sudan at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Sudan]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Darfur runner wins Sudan's first Olympic medal|url=http://2008games.nytimes.com/olympics/story.asp?i=20080824121844314602808&ref=rec&tm=&src=DOLY|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714220216/http://2008games.nytimes.com/olympics/story.asp?i=20080824121844314602808&ref=rec&tm=&src=DOLY|archivedate=2011-07-14|author=Osman, Mohamed|work=The New York Times|accessdate=June 5, 2009|date=August 24, 2008|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714220216/http://2008games.nytimes.com/olympics/story.asp?i=20080824121844314602808&ref=rec&tm=&src=DOLY |date=2011-07-14 }}</ref> [[Tajikistan at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Tajikistan]]<ref>{{cite news|title= Italy, Azerbaijan win golds|author=Talmadge, Eric|work=The New York Times|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/11/sports/11iht-olyjudo11.15183337.html?_r=1|accessdate=June 5, 2009 | date=August 11, 2008}}</ref> an [[Togo at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Togo]]<ref>{{cite news |title = Togo claims first Olympic medal |publisher=BBC News |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7556266.stm |date = August 12, 2008 |accessdate =June 5, 2009}}</ref> won thair first Olympic medals. Athletes frae [[Mongolie at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Mongolie]] (which previously held the record for maist medals withoot a gowd)<ref>{{cite news | title = Naidan wins Mongolia's first gold |publisher=BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/judo/7560951.stm | accessdate =June 5, 2009 |date = August 14, 2008 }}</ref> an [[Panama at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Panama]]<ref>{{cite news|title= Liu out, Isinbayeva gets world record|work= The New York Times|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/sports/18iht-olyath118.15391333.html|accessdate=June 5, 2009|date=August 18, 2008 }}</ref> won thair naition's first gowd medals. An athlete frae [[Serbie at the 2008 Simmer Olympics|Serbie]] won its first medal unner that name, havin previously won medals as pairt o [[Yugoslavie at the Olympics|Yugoslavie]] an [[Serbie an Montenegro at the Olympics|Serbie an Montenegro]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Serbian PM congratulates swimmer on winning medal in Beijing Olympics | publisher = Chinaview.cn | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/17/content_9416202.htm | accessdate = June 5, 2009 | date = August 17, 2008 | archive-date = 2008-08-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080818231306/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/17/content_9416202.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> American swimmer [[Michael Phelps]] received a tot o aicht gowd medals, mair nor ony ether Olympian, settin numerous warld an Olympic records in the process.<ref name="crary"/> Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt an aa set records in multiple events, completin the 100 m final wi a time o 9.69 seconds, surpassin his awn previous warld record.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7565203.stm|title=Bolt surges to gold in new record|publisher=BBC Sport|date=16 August 2008|accessdate=7 January 2013}}</ref> Roushie-born American gymnast [[Nastia Liukin]] won the aw-aroond gowd medal in airtistic gymnastics, becomin the third American woman tae dae sae, followin [[Mary Lou Retton]] in [[1984 Simmer Olympics|1984]] an [[Carly Patterson]] in [[2004 Simmer Olympics|2004]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20612225_20617996,00.html|title=Gabby Douglas poses with Nastia Liukin, Carly Patterson, and Mary Lou Retton|last=Scwartz|first=Alison|work=People|date=30 August 2012|accessdate=7 January 2013}}</ref> Thir are the tap ten naitions that won medals in the 2008 Gemmes.<ref name="medaltable">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/medals_table/default.stm|title=Beijing 2008, Medals table|date= August 14, 2008|accessdate=May 17, 2009|publisher=BBC}}</ref> {| {{RankedMedalTable|class=wikitable sortable}} |- style="background:#ccf;" | 1 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|CHN|2008 Simmer}} <small>(host naition)</small> || 51 || 21 || 28 || 100 |- | 2|| align=left| {{flagIOC|USA|2008 Simmer}} || 36 || 38 || 36 || 110 |- | 3 || align=left| {{flagIOC|RUS|2008 Simmer}} || 23 || 21 || 29 || 73 |- | 4 || align=left| {{flagIOC|GBR|2008 Simmer}} || 19 || 13 || 15 || 47 |- | 5 || align=left| {{flagIOC|GER|2008 Simmer}} || 16 || 10 || 15 || 41 |- | 6 || align=left| {{flagIOC|AUS|2008 Simmer}} || 14 || 15 || 17 || 46 |- | 7 || align=left| {{flagIOC|KOR|2008 Simmer}} || 13 || 10 || 8 || 31 |- | 8 || align=left| {{flagIOC|JPN|2008 Simmer}} || 9 || 6 || 10 || 25 |- | 9 || align=left| {{flagIOC|ITA|2008 Simmer}} || 8 || 9 || 10 || 27 |- | 10 || align=left| {{flagIOC|FRA|2008 Simmer}} || 7 || 16 || 18 || 41 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.moderndayruins.com/2012/08/with-summer-olympics-just-coming-to_31.html Beijing Olympic Sites Four Years Later – What Remains at Modern Day Ruins] {{Commons category|2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Simmer Olympics}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box|title=''Simmer Olympic Gemmes'' <br /> Beijing|before=[[2004 Simmer Olympics|Athens]]|after=[[2012 Simmer Olympics|London]]|years=''XXIX Olympiad'' (2008)}} {{S-end}} {{Olympic Gemmes}} [[Category:2008 Simmer Olympics|*]] [[Category:Sport in Beijing]] jam5xu75lofp3kzykn53a0cmwcadp1l 0 49472 923055 869963 2026-09-23T06:05:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Christopher Plummer | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|List of Companions of the Order of Canada|CC}} | image = Christopher Plummer 2014.jpg | caption = Plummer at the 2014 [[Miami International Film Festival]] | birth_name = Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer | birth_date = {{birth date|1929|12|13}} | birth_place = [[Toronto, Ontario]], Canadae | death_date = 5 Februar 2021 (aged 91) | death_place = [[Weston, Connecticut|Weston]], [[Connecticut]], U.S. | home_town = [[Senneville, Quebec]], Canadae | nationality = Canadian | residence = [[Weston, Connecticut]], U.S.<ref name="Weston2017">{{cite news| url=http://westport.dailyvoice.com/news/westons-christopher-plummer-reshoots-kevin-spaceys-role-in-getty-movie/726602/| title=Weston's Christopher Plummer Reshoots Kevin Spacey's Role In Getty Movie| newspaper=Weston Daily Voice| date=November 12, 2017| accessdate=December 3, 2017}}</ref> | alma_mater = [[McGill Varsity]] | occupation = Actor | years active = 1953–present | spouse = {{unbulleted list| {{marriage|[[Tammy Grimes]]|1956|1960|reason=divorced}}| {{marriage|Patricia Lewis|1962|1967|reason=divorced}}| {{marriage|[[Elaine Taylor (actress)|Elaine Taylor]]<br>|1970}}}} | children = [[Amanda Plummer]] | relations = [[John Abbott]] <br>(great-grandfaither)<br>[[John Bethune (principal)|John Bethune]] <br>(great-great-grandfaither)<br> [[F. B. Fetherstonhaugh]] <br>(great-uncle) | awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Academy Awaird for Best Supportin Actor|Academy Awaird]] (2011) * [[BAFTA Awaird for Best Actor in a Supportin Role|BAFTA Awaird]] (2011) * [[Gowden Globe Awaird for Best Supportin Actor – Motion Pictur|Gowden Globe Awaird]] (2011) * [[Screen Actors Guild Awaird for Ootstaundin Performance bi a Male Actor in a Supportin Role|Screen Actors Guild Awaird]] (2011) * [[Tony Awaird]] ([[Tony Awaird for Best Actor in a Muisical|1974]], [[Tony Awaird for Best Performance bi a Leadin Actor in a Play|1997]]) * [[Emmy Awaird]]s ([[Primetime Emmy Awaird for Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Leemitit Series or Movie|1977]], [[Primetime Emmy Awaird for Ootstandin Vyce-Ower Performance|1994]]) * [[Drama Desk Awaird for Ootstaundin Actor in a Play|Drama Desk Award]] (1982, 1997) }} }} '''Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|Leet o Companions o the Order o Canadae|CC}} (born 13 December 1929; deed 5 Februar 2021) wis a Canadian actor that's career haes spanned sax decades, beginnin wi his film debut in ''[[Stage Struck (1958 film)|Stage Struck]]'' (1958). He is kent for portrayin Caiptain [[Georg von Trapp]] in ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]'' (1965),<ref name="Plummer">{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2010/01/31/at_80_christopher_plummer_lands_roles_that_are_his_cup_of_tea/?page=all|title=At 80, Plummer has arrived at his 'Station'|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=January 31, 2010|first=Judy|last=Abel|accessdate=July 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082652/http://www.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2010/01/31/at_80_christopher_plummer_lands_roles_that_are_his_cup_of_tea/?page=all|url-status=dead}}</ref> an haes portrayed numerous major historical feegurs, includin the Emperor Commodus in The Decline an Faw o the Roman Empire (1964), [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke o Wellington]] in ''[[Waterloo (1970 film)|Waterloo]]'' (1970), [[Rudyard Kipling]] in ''[[The Man Who Would Be King (film)|The Man Who Would Be King]]'' (1975), [[Mike Wallace]] in ''[[The Insider (film)|The Insider]]'' (1999), [[Leo Tolstoy]] in ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] in ''[[The Exception]]'' (2016), an [[J. Paul Getty]] in ''[[All the Money in the World]]'' (2017). Plummer haes received various accolades for his wark, includin an [[Academy Awairds|Academy Awaird]], a [[Genie Awairds|Genie Awaird]], twa [[Emmy Awaird]]s, twa [[Tony Awaird]]s, a [[Gowden Globe Awaird]], a [[Screen Actors Guild Awaird]], an a [[Breetish Academy Film Awairds|Breetish Academy Film Awaird]]; he is ane o the few performers tae receive the [[Triple Croun o Actin]], an the anerly Canadian. He wan the [[Academy Awaird for Best Supportin Actor]] at the age o 82 for ''[[Beginners]]'' (2010), acomin the auldest actor tae win an actin awaird, an he received a nomination at the age o 88 for ''All the Money in the World'', makkin him the auldest person tae be nominatit in an actin category. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Plummer, Christopher}} [[Category:1929 births]] [[Category:2021 daiths]] [[Category:American Theater Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Anglophone Quebec fowk]] [[Category:Best Actor Genie an Canadian Screen Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Canadian expatriate male actors in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Canadian male film actors]] [[Category:Canadian male stage actors]] [[Category:Canadian male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Canadian male vyce actors]] [[Category:Canadian memoirists]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o Breetish strynd]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Companions o the Order o Canadae]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Govrenor General's Performin Airts Awaird winners]] [[Category:High School of Montreal alumni]] [[Category:Independent Speerit Awaird winners]] [[Category:Male actors frae Quebec]] [[Category:Male actors frae Toronto]] [[Category:Canadian male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Male Actor in a Supportin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Tony Awaird winners]] [[Category:20t-century Canadian male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian male actors]] [[Category:Fowk frae Weston, Connecticut]] [[Category:Fowk frae Senneville, Quebec]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] 013bngowwh531c7zec6p30bxli8mzvd 0 49475 923005 859212 2026-09-22T23:45:17Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = 2013 FA Cup Feenal | image = | caption = | event = [[2012–13 FA Cup]] | team1 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | team1score = 0 | team2 = [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] | team2score = 1 | details = | date = 11 May 2013 | stadium = [[Wembley Stadium]] | city = Lunnon | man_of_the_match1a = [[Callum McManaman]] (Wigan Athletic)<ref name="man of the match">{{cite news |first=Nicholas |last=Veevers |title=Cup wonder for Wigan |url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup/News/2013/May/man-city-wigan-final-report.aspx |work=TheFA.com |publisher=The Football Association |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=12 May 2013 }}</ref> | attendance = 86,254<ref>{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Bloom |title=FA Cup final – Manchester City v Wigan Athletic: live |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/fa-cup/10051060/FA-Cup-final-Manchester-City-v-Wigan-Athletic-live.html |date=11 May 2013 |work=Daily Telegraph |accessdate=14 May 2013 }}</ref> | referee = [[Andre Marriner]] ([[Birmingham County Football Association|Wast Midlands]])<ref name="referee">{{cite news |title=Marriner takes charge of final |url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup/News/2013/Apr/final-referee-andre-marriner-170413 |work=TheFA.com |publisher=The Football Association |date=17 April 2013 |accessdate=12 May 2013 }}</ref> | weather = Rain <br />{{convert|10|°C|°F}}<ref>http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGLL/2013/5/11/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA</ref> | previous = [[2012 FA Cup Feenal|2012]] | next = [[2014 FA Cup Feenal|2014]] }} The '''2013 FA Cup Feenal''' wis the 132nt [[FA Cup Feenal|feenal]] o the [[FA Cup]], the warld's auldest [[association fitbaa|fitbaa]] cup competeetion. The match, contestit bi [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] an [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]], teuk place on 11 Mey 2013 at [[Wembley Stadium]] in Lunnon, an kickit aff at 5:15&nbsp;p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=FA turn back on traditional 3pm kick-off and confirm late start for FA Cup final |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2309785/FA-Cup-final-kick-5-15pm-Manchester-City-v-Wigan.html |work=Mail Online |publisher=Associated Newspapers |date=16 April 2013 |accessdate=16 April 2013 }}</ref> It wis Wigan's first FA Cup feenal an Manchester City's 10t. Wigan pulled aff a shock veectory against favourites City, winnin in circumstances reminiscent o the [[1988 FA Cup Feenal]] when [[Wimbledon F.C.|Wimbledon]] owercame [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Taylor |title=Ben Watson heads Wigan to FA Cup final glory against Manchester City |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2013/may/11/manchester-city-wigan-athletic-fa-cup |work=The Observer |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=12 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Ben Watson (fitbawer, born Julie 1985)|Ben Watson]]'s stoppage-time heidit goal producit the "greatest FA Cup Final upset for a quarter of a century".<ref>''The Sunday Times'', Sport, page 1</ref> In the Unitit Kinrick, the match wis televisit bi [[ITV (TV netwark)|ITV]] an [[ESPN (UK)|ESPN]]. The competeetion winners wur awairdit a place in the group stage o the [[2013–14 UEFA Europa League|2013–14 Europa League]] competeetion. Acause Manchester City an thair semi-feenal opponent [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] haed awready qualifee'd for the follaein saison's [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] bi virtue o the clubs' league poseetions, Wigan gained a Europa League place bi winnin thair semi-feenal match.<ref>{{cite news |title=FA Cup final to see Wigan write new chapter |url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=eng/news/newsid=1941562.html |work=UEFA.com |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=15 April 2013 |accessdate=16 April 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501235027/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=eng/news/newsid=1941562.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wigan awner [[Dave Whelan]] led oot the Wigan team afore kick aff alang wi manager [[Roberto Martínez]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Rostance |title=2013 FA Cup Final: As it happened |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22485085 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=15 May 2013 |archive-date=2014-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513070925/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22485085 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The anerly goal o the gemme came a few minutes efter City's [[Pablo Zabaleta]] haed been sent aff for a seicont yellae caird, becomin the third player tae be sent aff in a FA Cup feenal.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Draper |title=Manchester City 0 Wigan 1: Wat an upset! Mancini heading for the sack after Watson sinks City with last-minute header to win FA Cup for Martinez's underdogs |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2323043/Wigan-win-FA-Cup-Ben-Watsons-goal-defeats-Manchester-City-1-0-final.html |work=Daily Mail |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=12 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Bloom |title=FA Cup final – Manchester City v Wigan Athletic: live |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/fa-cup/10051060/FA-Cup-final-Manchester-City-v-Wigan-Athletic-live.html |work=Daily Telegraph |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=12 May 2013 }}</ref> The cup wis jyntly liftit bi playin caiptain [[Emmerson Boyce]] an club caiptain [[Gary Caldwell]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Scotland defender Gary Caldwell laughs as he leads Wigan up to lift trophy.. without having played a minute |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/fa-cup-final-scotland-defender-1884168 |work=Daily Record |date=12 May 2013 |accessdate=13 May 2013 }}</ref> On 20 Mey, Wigan haed a open-top bus tour o the toun tae celebrate the FA Cup veectory.<ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Drayton |title=Championship-bound Wigan refuse to let relegation ruin FA Cup glory as Martinez's men tour their town in open-top bus |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2327752/Wigan-Athletic-celebrate-FA-Cup-victory-Manchester-City-open-bus-tour.html |work=Daily Mail |date=20 March 2013 |accessdate=21 May 2013 }}</ref> Manchester City sackit manager [[Roberto Mancini]] twa days later amid rumours o the manager's fate pre-match while Wigan failed tae avoid relegation frae the Premier League, becomin the first team tae win the Cup an succumb tae relegation in the same saison.<ref>{{cite news |title=Roberto Mancini sacked as Manchester City manager |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22507128 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=13 May 2013 |accessdate=13 May 2013 }}</ref> ==Route tae the feenal== {{seealso|2012–13 FA Cup}} ===Manchester City=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right" |- !scope=col width="25"|Roond !scope=col width="150"|Opposition !scope=col width="50"|Score |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|3rd |[[Watford F.C.|Watford]] (h) |3–0 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|4t |[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] (a) |0–1 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|5t |[[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]] (h) |4–0 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|6t |[[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]] (h) |5–0 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|SF |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ([[Wembley Stadium|n]]) |1–2 |} Enterin the FA Cup in the third roond bi virtue o Premier League status, Manchester City's first gemme wis at hame against [[Watford F.C.|Watford]]. In City's side, a notable absentee wis [[Joe Hart]] who wis replacit bi substitute goalkeeper [[Costel Pantilimon]]. Hart haed been designatit the club's domestic cup goalkeeper but haed concedit fower goals in his previous gemme. The City team teuk control efter a mixed first 20 minutes. [[Carlos Tévez]] an [[Gareth Barry]] scored in the first hauf.<ref>{{cite news |title=Man City 3–0 Watford |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20863548 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=5 January 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> In the seicont hauf, substitute academy player [[Marcos Lopes]] scored athin seiconts o takkin the field in the 90t minute tae acome the club's youngest iver goalscorer at the age o 17 years an aicht days.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Clayton |title=Marcos makes his mark! |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/news/team-news/2013/january/lopes-crowned-king |work=mcfc.co.uk |publisher=Manchester City FC |date=7 January 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 |archive-date=2014-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016125445/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |url-status=dead }}</ref> City progressed tae a fowert roond match at the [[Britannia Stadium]] tae play [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]]. In a match dominatit bi City it teuk till the 86t minute for City tae score a goal frae a powerful drive frae [[Pablo Zabaleta]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Alistair |last=Magowan |title=Stoke 0–1 Man City |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21095877 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=5 January 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> The fift roond gemme teuk place on 17 Februar against [[Leeds United A.F.C.|Leeds United]], a strang 4–0 win boostit club spirits efter progress in the league haed stagnatit. Awtho Leeds haed knockit oot [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] in the previous roond, thay concedit twa goals includin a penalty bi [[Sergio Agüero]] in the first 15 minutes, an rarely leukit capable o reducin the deficit.<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Man City 4–0 Leeds United |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21449162 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=17 February 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> Faur goals bi Tévez an Agüero sealed the tee, an City's progression tae the saxt roond, whaur thay wur drawn at hame tae [[Football League Championship|Championship]] club [[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]]. Barnsley, haein played seicont- an third-tier teams in thair previous cup fixturs, haed thair backs tae the waw against City, an the disparity showed as thay teuk a oor tae record thair first shot on target, bi which pynt thay haed concedit fower. Tévez scored a [[hat-trick]] an set up twa mair for [[David Silva]] an [[Aleksandar Kolarov]] as City swept thair opponents aside.<ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Bevan |title=Man City 5–0 Barnsley |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21639274 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=9 March 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> In the semi-feenals, City teuk on defendin champions [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] at Wembley for the fowert time in the FA Cup, an the first time syne 1971,<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Bagchi |title=Chelsea and Manchester City bring rarity value to FA Cup semi-final |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/blog/2013/apr/12/chelsea-manchester-city-fa-cup-semi-final |work=The Guardian |date=12 April 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> in the semi-feenal on 14 Apryle. In a fast-pacit match, City teuk control lairgely pinnin Chelsea back for lang periods an teuk the lead in the 35t minute, when [[Samir Nasri]]'s poorly-timit cross wis deflectit back intae his awn path for him tae sweep the baw ower [[Petr Čech]]. Chelsea, the less energetic o the teams pickit thairsels up but failed tae tak control o the gemme, an wur punished twa minutes intae the seicont hauf when a quick [[Gareth Barry]] free-kick put the baw on the heid o Agüero, who sent a heich loopin heider intae the far corner ayont Čech's reach. City continued tae press an haed mair opportunities tae score but when [[Fernando Torres]] came ontae the field frae the substitute's bench, Chelsea fashioned a chance for [[Demba Ba]], whose reflex kick gae Chelsea a goal. Resurgent, Chelsea dominatit the last 25 minutes, the baw barely leavin City's hauf but for a haundful o wastit coonter-attacks, while a series o defensive substitutions confirmit City's intent tae play the gemme oot rather than seekin a third.<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Chelsea 1–2 Man City |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22056551 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=14 April 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> Despite the pressur thay exertit, Chelsea wur unable tae score, an defeat meant thay haed failed tae reach the FA Cup feenal an wad no be able tae defend thair trophy. Chelsea's goal meant that City wur athin 29 minutes o bein the first team syne 1966 tae reach a FA Cup feenal athoot concedin a goal.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Owen |last1=Phillips |first2=Chris |last2=Bevan |title=FA Cup: Chelsea v Man City: Who will win at Wembley? |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22109610 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=12 April 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> ===Wigan Athletic=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right" |- !scope=col width="25"|Roond !scope=col width="150"|Opposition !scope=col width="50"|Score |- !scope=row style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"|3rd |[[A.F.C. Bournemouth|Bournemouth]] (h) |1–1 |- |Bournemouth (a) |0–1 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|4t |[[Macclesfield Town F.C.|Macclesfield Town]] (a) |0–1 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|5t |[[Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] (a) |1–4 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|6t |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (a) |0–3 |- !scope=row style="text-align:center"|SF |[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]] ([[Wembley Stadium|n]]) |0–2 |} Premier League Wigan's FA Cup campaign began in the third roond against [[Football League One|League One]] [[A.F.C. Bournemouth|Bournemouth]]. [[Roberto Martínez]] fieldit a nummer o fringe players, an made nine chynges tae the team that played a Premier League match fower days earlier.<ref name="Wiganr3">{{cite news |first=Si |last=Hughes |title=Wigan Athletic 1 Bournemouth 1: match report |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/fa-cup/9780874/Wigan-Athletic-1-Bournemouth-1-match-report.html |work=Daily Telegraph |date=5 January 2013 |accessdate=15 April 2013 }}</ref> Despite haein hame advantage, the club wis unable tae progress tae the next roond in ane gemme, drawin 1–1. Towards the end o the first hauf, [[Eunan O'Kane]] struck a sweet shot frae ootside the penalty aurie intae the tap richt corner, while [[Jordi Gómez]] levelled the tee mid-wey throu the seicont hauf on the reboond frae the penalty spot efter twa o his team-mates haed struck the bar.<ref name="Wiganr3"/> Bi the time o the replay, Bournemouth wur on a impressive 18-match unbeaten run, but concedit the tee an unbeaten run throu poor defensive wirk as [[Mauro Boselli]] pickit up a waik pass frae the Bournemouth midfield tae thair awn defence, thumpin the baw hame frae some wey oot when nae defender closed him doun.<ref name="Wiganr3r">{{cite news |first=Nabil |last=Hassan |title=Bournemouth 0–1 Wigan |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20942524 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=15 January 2013 |accessdate=9 May 2013 }}</ref> Bournmouth struck the bar twice, but while baith teams came close tae scorin, Boselli's goal put Wigan throu tae the next roond. Wigan wur drawn against nan-league [[Macclesfield Town F.C.|Macclesfield Town]] in the fowert roond. Snaw haed tae be cleared frae the pitch on the fore-nuin o the gemme tae avoid it bein postponed.<ref name="Wiganr4">{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Bevan |title=Macclesfield 0–1 Wigan |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21096016 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=26 January 2013 |accessdate=16 April 2013 }}</ref> Gómez scored the anerly goal frae a penalty awairdit efter [[Callum McManaman]] wis brocht doun in the box in the saxt minute o play. The early goal did no dent the spirits o Macclesfield, the lawest rankit team remainin in the competeetion, who came back strangly comin close tae equalisin, but Wigan progressed wi a 1–0 win. Victory gae Wigan thair seicont appearance in the FA Cup Fift roond syne the foondin o the club in 1932.<ref name="Wiganr4"/> Wigan wur drawn awa again – thair first gemme against Bournemouth wis thair anerly hame gemme o the campaign – tae [[Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town]]. The team quickly teuk control, McManaman scored his first FA Cup goal o the saison on 31 minutes efter runnin intae the box an jinkin aroond the nearside defender tae blast the baw ower the goalkeeper. Less nor ten minutes later, Gómez' shot wis deflectit ontae the fuit o [[Arouna Kone]], who wis close eneuch tae the goal that his ootstretched leg amaist crossed the goal line, tho he wis questionably. Goals frae [[James McArthur]] an Kone's seicont sealed the tee, awtho [[Lee Novak]]'s heider, leavin keeper [[Joel Robles]] on the goal line, gae Huddersfield a consolation.<ref name="Wiganr5">{{cite news |first=Alistair |last=Magowan |title=Huddersfield 1–4 Wigan |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21448831 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=17 February 2013 |accessdate=9 May 2013 }}</ref> A quairter-feenal draw against [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] at [[Goodison Park]] seemit tae spell the end o Wigan's cup run when the club drew Premier League opposition for the first time. Everton wur juist pullin oot o a bad run o fuirm, haein taken 12 pynts frae 27. Tho Everton haed the lairger share o possession, Wigan pruivit mair clinical an efficient destroyin Everton's howps wi three goals in fower minutes.<ref name="WiganQF">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Everton 0–3 Wigan |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21639357 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=9 March 2013 |accessdate=9 May 2013 }}</ref> Awtho Everton continued tae fecht, Wigan haed a third clean sheet an the first FA Cup semi-feenal appearance in the club's history. For Wigan's fift appearance at Wembley Stadium, thay drew [[Football League Championship|Championship]] side [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]], while Manchester City an [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] haed the "pouer match" o the penultimate roond on the follaein day.<ref name="SFdraw">{{cite news |title=FA Cup semi-final draw: City await winners of Chelsea and United replay in last four |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2291192/FA-Cup-semi-final-draw-2013-Manchester-City-v-Manchester-United-Chelsea-Wigan-v-Millwall-Blackburn.html |work=Mail Online |publisher=Associated Newspapers |date=10 March 2013 |accessdate=9 May 2013 }}</ref> Tho the match wis scrappy in the beginnin, Wigan scored in the 25t minute when Kone hit a perfect cross ontae the fuit o [[Shaun Maloney]], who foond hissel in space in front o the sax-yard box an hit his shot unner Millwall goalkeeper [[David Forde (fitbawer)|David Forde]]. While the possession statistics suggestit a fairly even match, Millwall's failur tae register a shot on target tauld as Wigan insteid went close several times afore Gómez play a well-timit throu baw past the Millwall defence tae McManaman, who picked it up an teuk it roond Forde afore slottin hame Wigan's seicont in the 78t minute, sealin the win for Wigan.<ref name="WiganSF">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Millwall 0–2 Wigan |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22049714 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=13 April 2013 |accessdate=9 May 2013 }}</ref> While Wigan haed qualifee'd for thair first iver FA Cup feenal, the gemme wis notable for the response frae a section o the Millwall croud, punches thrown atween fans turned intae scuffles wi the polis, marrin the occasion for aw involvit.<ref name="crowdtrouble">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Millwall-Wigan FA Cup semi: Ugly scenes overshadow Latics' day |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22138857 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=13 April 2013 |accessdate=9 May 2013 }}</ref> ==Pre-match== Manchester City appeared in an FA Cup Feenal for the tent time syne the club wis foondit in 1880. The club haed wan the cup five times (in [[:en:1904 FA Cup Final|1904]], [[:en:1934 FA Cup Final|1934]], [[:en:1956 FA Cup Final|1956]], [[:en:1969 FA Cup Final|1969]] an [[:en:2011 FA Cup Final|2011]]) an wur runners-up fower times ([[:en:1926 FA Cup Final|1926]], [[:en:1933 FA Cup Final|1933]], [[:en:1955 FA Cup Final|1955]] an [[:en:1981 FA Cup Final|1981]]). Wigan Athletic made thair first appearance in a FA Cup Feenal syne the club wis foondit in 1932.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cup Final Results |url=http://www.thefa.com/Competitions/FACompetitions/TheFACup/History/cupfinalresults |work=TheFA.com |publisher=The Football Association |accessdate=15 April 2013 }}</ref> Wigan Athletic wore the club's black awa kit for the feenal an uised the awa team dressin ruim an wut allocatit the East End o the stadium. Manchester City fans occupee'd the West End an the team played in thair hame kit efter winnin the coin toss tae decide who wad wear which kit.<ref>{{cite news |title=Latics in black for final |url=http://www.wiganlatics.co.uk/news/article/13-04-16-latics-in-black-for-final-775583.aspx |publisher=wiganlatics.co.uk (Wigan Athletic FC) |date=16 April 2013 |accessdate=17 April 2013 }}</ref> Ticket prices for the feenal stairtit at £45 an wur available at £65, £85 an £115, wi a £10 discoont for concessions.<ref>{{cite news |title=2013 FA Cup Final Ticket Prices |url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup/News/2013/Apr/cup-final-ticket-prices-170413.aspx |publisher=TheFA.com (The Football Association) |date=17 April 2013 |accessdate=24 April 2013 }}</ref> Manchester City receivit a initial allocation o 25,000 tickets, later increased tae 31,779, while Wigan requestit 21,000 tickets, later increased tae a 25,000 allocation.<ref>{{cite news |title=FA Cup Final – Updated ticket information |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tickets-and-Travel/2013/April/FA-Cup-final-ticket-update-III |publisher=mcfc.co.uk (Manchester City FC) |date=3 May 2013 |accessdate=24 April 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505233456/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tickets-and-Travel/2013/April/FA-Cup-final-ticket-update-III |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FA Cup Final Ticket Details |url=http://www.wiganlatics.co.uk/news/article/13-04-17-ticket-details-fa-cup-final-776729.aspx |publisher=wiganlatics.co.uk (Wigan Athletic FC) |date=17 April 2013 |accessdate=24 April 2013 }}</ref> The tradeetional pre-match anthem, "[[Abide with Me]]", wis performit bi muisical quairtet Amore alangside the [[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra|Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra]]. The [[God Save the Queen|naitional anthem]] wis performit bi Amorean aw wi the Baund o the Grenadier Guards.<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 FA Cup Final day schedule |url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup/News/2013/May/the-fa-cup-final-match-info.aspx |publisher=TheFA.com (The Football Association) |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=15 May 2013 }}</ref> ==Match== ===Details=== {{footballbox |date=11 May 2013 |time=17:15 [[British Summer Time|BST]] |team1=[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |score=0–1 |report=[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22409634 Report] |team2=[[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] |goals1= |goals2=[[Ben Watson (fitbawer born July 1985)|Watson]] {{goal|90+1}} |stadium=[[Wembley Stadium]], Lunnon |attendance=86,254 |referee=[[Andre Marriner]] ([[Birmingham County Football Association|Wast Midlands]])<ref name="referee"/> }} {| width=92% |- |{{Football kit | pattern_b = _mcfc_home_12-13 | pattern_sh = _mcfc_home_12-13 | pattern_so = _mcfc_home_12-13 | leftarm = 88bde5 | body = | rightarm = 88bde5 | shorts = | socks = | title = Manchester City }} |{{Football kit | pattern_la = _wigan1213a | pattern_b = _wigan1213a | pattern_ra = _wigan1213a | pattern_sh = _wigan1213a | pattern_so = _wigan1213a | leftarm = 000000 | body = 000040 | rightarm = 000000 | shorts = 000000 | socks = 000000 | title = Wigan Athletic }} |} {| width="100%" |valign="top" width="40%"| {| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- !width="25"| !!width="25"| |- |GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Joe Hart]] |- |RB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Pablo Zabaleta]] || {{sent off|2|60|84}} |- |CB ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Vincent Kompany]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]]) |- |CB ||'''33'''||{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Matija Nastasić]] || {{yel|75}} |- |LB ||'''22'''||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Gaël Clichy]] |- |RM ||'''21'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Silva]] |- |CM ||'''42'''||{{flagicon|CIV}} [[Yaya Touré]] |- |CM ||'''18'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Gareth Barry]] || {{yel|87}} || {{suboff|90+2}} |- |LM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Samir Nasri]] || || {{suboff|54}} |- |CF ||'''16'''||{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Sergio Agüero]] |- |CF ||'''32'''||{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Tévez]] || || {{suboff|69}} |- |colspan=4|'''Substitutes:''' |- |GK ||'''30'''||{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Costel Pantilimon]] |- |DF ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Joleon Lescott]] |- |DF ||'''13'''||{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Aleksandar Kolarov]] |- |MF ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[James Milner]] || || {{subon|54}} |- |MF ||'''14'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Javi García]] |- |MF ||'''17'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jack Rodwell]] || || {{subon|69}} |- |FW ||'''10'''||{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Edin Džeko]] || || {{subon|90+2}} |- |colspan=4|'''Manager:''' |- |colspan="4"|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Mancini]] |} |valign="top"|[[File:Man City vs Wigan 2013-05-11.svg|300px]] |valign="top" width="50%"| {| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center |- !width="25"| !!width="25"| |- |GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Joel Robles]] || {{yel|90+3}} |- |RB ||'''17'''||{{flagicon|BRB}} [[Emmerson Boyce]] ([[Caiptain (association fitbaa)|c]]) |- |CB ||'''33'''||{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Paul Scharner]] |- |CB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|PAR}} [[Antolín Alcaraz]] |- |LB ||'''18'''||{{flagicon|HON}} [[Roger Espinoza]] |- |RM ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|IRL}} [[James McCarthy (fitbawer)|James McCarthy]] |- |CM ||'''16'''||{{flagicon|SCO}} [[James McArthur]] |- |LM ||'''14'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jordi Gómez]] || || {{suboff|81}} |- |RF ||'''15'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Callum McManaman]] |- |CF ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|CIV}} [[Arouna Koné]] |- |LF ||'''10'''||{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Shaun Maloney]] |- |colspan=4|'''Substitutes:''' |- |GK ||'''26'''||{{flagicon|OMA}} [[Ali Al-Habsi]] |- |DF ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Gary Caldwell]] |- |DF ||'''25'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Román Golobart]] |- |MF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ben Watson (fitbawer born Julie 1985)|Ben Watson]] || || {{subon|81}} |- |MF ||'''20'''||{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Fraser Fyvie]] |- |FW ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Franco Di Santo]] |- |FW ||'''11'''||{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Ángelo Henríquez]] |- |colspan=4|'''Manager:''' |- |colspan="4"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Martínez]] |} |} {| width=82% style="font-size: 90%" | width=50% valign=top| '''Man o the match''' *[[Callum McManaman]] (Wigan Athletic)<ref name="man of the match"/> '''Match offeecials''' *Assistant referees: **Stephen Child ([[London Football Association|Lunnon]])<ref name="referee"/> **Simon Lang ([[Cornwall County Football Association|Cornwall]])<ref name="referee"/> *Fowert offeecial: [[:en:Anthony Taylor (referee)|Anthony Taylor]] ([[Cheshire County Football Association|Cheshire]])<ref name="referee"/> *Reserve offeecial: Gary Beswick ([[Durham County Football Association|Durham]])<ref name="referee"/> | width=50% valign=top| '''Match rules''' *90 minutes. *30 minutes o extra-time if necessar. *Penalty shuit-oot if scores still level. *Seiven namit substitutes. *Maximum o three substitutions. |} ===Statistics=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !width=100| !width=70|Manchester City !width=70|Wigan Athletic |- |Tot shots | 15 || 15 |- |Shots on target | 12 || 7 |- |Baw possession | 52% || 48% |- |Corner kicks | 5 || 3 |- |Fouls committit | 11 || 5 |- |Affsides | 4 || 2 |- |Yellae cards | 3 || 1 |- |Reid cards | 1 || 0 |} '''Source:''' BBC Sport<ref name="BBC-McNulty">{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Man City 0–1 Wigan |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22409634 |publisher=BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation) |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=11 May 2013 }}</ref> ==Post-match== As FA Cup winners, Wigan Athletic receivit £1.8&nbsp;million frae the FA Cup Prize Fund, while Manchester City earned £900,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 FA Cup Final |url=http://www.wembleystadium.com/Events/2013/The-FA-Cup-Final-2013/The-FA-Cup-Final-2013 |work=wembleystadium.com (Wembley Stadium) |date=11 May 2013 |accessdate=24 April 2013 |archive-date=2014-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419015219/http://www.wembleystadium.com/Events/2013/The-FA-Cup-Final-2013/The-FA-Cup-Final-2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEM00kBdbfk Offeecial match heichlichts] [[Category:2012–13 FA Cup|Final]] [[Category:2013 in association fitbaa|FA Cup Feenal]] [[Category:2013 in Lunnon|Fa Cup Feenal]] [[Category:Events at Wembley Stadium|Fa Cup Feenal 2013]] [[Category:FA Cup Feenals|2013]] [[Category:Manchester City F.C. spiels|Fa Cup Feenal 2013]] [[Category:Wigan Athletic F.C. spiels|Fa Cup Feenal 2013]] fgmtq1t435b4jthhyqwj7yasaq8iw9w 0 49646 923002 857421 2026-09-22T23:31:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Yirdquauk | title = 1920 Haiyuan yirdquauk | date = {{stairt-date|December 16, 1920|December 16, 1920}}<br>([[Time in Cheenae|Gansu-Sichuan Time]]) | map = 1920 Gansu earthquake.svg | depth = | magnitude = 7.8&nbsp;[[Richter magnitude scale|M_L]]<ref name="usgs" /> 8.5<ref name="Ningxia Daily" /> | location = {{coord|36.50|N|105.70|E}}<br/>([[Haiyuan Coonty|Haiyuan]], [[Ningxia]]) | kintras affectit = [[Republic o Cheenae (1912–1949)|Republic o Cheenae]] | casualties = 273,400<ref name="Xinhua">"[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/16/c_13652388.htm Death Toll of 1920 China Earthquake Higher than Previously Estimated] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131213352/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/16/c_13652388.htm |date=2016-01-31 }}." English.news.cn. Xinhua, 16 Dec. 2010. Web. 27 Dec. 2012.</ref> ([[Leet o naitural disasters bi daith toll#Yirdquauks|3rd deadliest yirdquauk o aw time]]) | intensity = XII ([[Mercalli intensity scale|Catastrophic]]) }} '''1920 Haiyuan yirdquauk''' ({{zh|c=海原大地震|p=Hǎiyuán dà dìzhèn}}), wis an yirdquauk that occurred on December 16, 1920. The [[epicenter]] wis {{coord|36.50|N|105.70|E}},<ref name="Ningxia Daily">{{cite web | url= http://www.nxnet.cn/shouye/zktj/shxb/200805/t20080515_215065.htm | title= 10 Greatest Earthquakes in China in 20th Century | accessdate= 2008-06-02 | publisher= ''Ningxia Daily'' website | date= 2008-05-15 | language= zh | archive-date= 2011-07-07 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110707045652/http://www.nxnet.cn/shouye/zktj/shxb/200805/t20080515_215065.htm | url-status= dead }}</ref> in [[Haiyuan Coonty]], [[Ningxia Province]], [[Republic o Cheenae (1912–1949)|Republic o Cheenae]]. It wis also cried the '''1920 Gansu yirdquauk''' <ref name="usgs">{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php |title=Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |date= |accessdate=2011-10-26 |archive-date=2009-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901233953/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> acause Ningxia wis a pairt o [[Gansu Province]] when the yirdquauk occurred. ==History== The yirdquauk hit at local time 20:06:53 (GMT 12:06:53), reportedly 7.8 on the [[Richter magnitude scale]], followed bi a series o [[eftershocks]] for three years. Today's [[Cheenese media]] claim the yirdquauk as o magnitude 8.5, although the scale is nae specified. It caused tot destruction (XII - the maximum intensity on the [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli scale]]) in the [[Lijunbu]]-[[Haiyuan]]-[[Ganyanchi]] aurie. Ower 73,000 fowk wur killed in Haiyuan Coonty. A laundslide buried the veelage o [[Sujiahe]] in [[Xiji Coonty]]. Mair nor 30,000 fowk wur killed in [[Guyuan Coonty]]. Nearly aw the hooses collapsed in the ceeties o [[Longde]] an [[Huining]]. Damage (VI-X) occurred in 7 provinces an regions, includin the major ceeties o [[Lanzhou]], [[Taiyuan]], [[Xi'an]], [[Xining]] an [[Yinchuan]]. It wis felt frae the [[Yellae Sea]] tae [[Qinghai]] (Tsinghai) Province an frae [[Inner Mongolie|Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolie)]] sooth tae central [[Sichuan Province]]. Aboot 200&nbsp;km (125&nbsp;mi) o surface faultin wis seen frae Lijunbu through Ganyanchi tae [[Jingtai]]. There wur lairge nummers o laundslides an ground cracks throughoot the epicentral aurie. Some rivers wur [[dam]]med, ethers chynged course. [[Seiche]]s frae this yirdquauk wur observed in 2 lochs an 3 fjords in [[wastren Norawa]].<ref name="usgs" /> Tot casualty wis reportit as 200,000 in a summary published bi the [[Unitit States Geological Survey]] ('''USGS'''),<ref name="usgs" /> 240,000 accordin tae ''[[Ningxia Daily]]'', a Cheenese publication in the current admeenistrative aurie.,<ref name="Ningxia Daily" /> an 235,502 accordin tae the Catalog o Damagin Yirdquauks in the Warld (Through 2008) maintained bi the Internaitional Institute o Seismology an Yirdquauk Engineerin.<ref name="Xinhua"/> ==See also== * [[Leet o yirdquauks]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1920 Haiyuan Earthquake}} [[Category:Yirdquauks in Cheenae|Haiyuan]] [[Category:1920 in Cheenae|Haiyuan Yirdquauk, 1920]] [[Category:1920 yirdquauks|Haiyuan Yirdquauk, 1920]] [[Category:History o Ningxia]] [[Category:Geografie o Ningxia]] t0eoc8l3mha5kf8j7mn0sb7sqw06vcn 0 51067 923022 916859 2026-09-23T01:32:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Andy Murray |fullname = Andrew Barron Murray |image = Andy Murray Toyko 2011.jpg |caption = Murray in 2011 |kintra = [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] [[Great Breetain Davis Cup team|Great Breetain]] |residence = Lunnon, Ingland |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|5|15|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]<ref name=birth1>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishroots.com/people/andy.php |title=Scottish Genealogy Scottish Family Tree History Research Genealogists: Andy Murray |publisher=Scottishroots.com |date=1987-05-15 |accessdate=2013-04-20 |archive-date=2013-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617050559/http://www.scottishroots.com/people/andy.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |height = 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) |wecht = {{convert|82|kg|lb st|abbr=on}} |turnedpro = 2005 |plays = Richt-haundit (twa-haundit backhaund) |careerprizemoney = US$61,046,255<ref name="ATP">{{cite web|title=Andy Murray: Player Profile|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Andy-Murray.aspx|publisher=atpworldtour.com|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> *{{small|&nbsp;[[ATP Tour records#Earnins|6t&nbsp;aw-time&nbsp;leader&nbsp;in&nbsp;earnins]]}} |wabsteid = [http://www.andymurray.com/ www.andymurray.com] |singlesrecord = 662–189 (77.8%) |singlestitles = 45 |highestsinglesranking = No. 1 (7 November 2016) |currentsinglesranking = No. 263 (5 November 2018) |AustralianOpenresult = F ([[2010 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2010]], [[2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2011]], [[2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2013]], [[2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2015]], [[2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2016]]) |FrenchOpenresult = F ([[2016 French Open – Men's Singles|2016]]) |Wimbledonresult = '''W''' ([[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2013]], [[2016 Wimbeldon Championships - Mens' Singles|2016]]) |USOpenresult = '''W''' ([[2012 US Open – Men's Singles|2012]]) |Othertournaments = Yes |MastersCupresult = '''W''' ([[2016 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2016]]) |Olympicsresult = [[File:Gold medal.svg|20px]] '''Gowd Medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's singles|2012]], [[Tennis at the 2016 Simmer Olympics - Men's singles|2016]]) |doublesrecord = 67–71 (48.5%) |doublestitles = 3 |highestdoublesranking = No. 51 (17 October 2011) |currentdoublesranking = |grandslamsdoublesresults = Yes |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[2006 Australian Open – Men's Doobles|2006]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[2006 French Open – Men's Doobles|2006]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doobles|2005]]) |USOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[2008 US Open – Men's Doobles|2008]]) |OthertournamentsDoubles = Yes |MastersCupDoublesresult = |WTAChampionshipsDoublesresult = |OlympicsDoublesresult = 2R ([[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics – Men's doobles|2008]]) |Mixed = Yes |mixedrecord = 7–4 |mixedtitles = 0 |highestmixedranking = |grandslamsmixeddoublesresults = yes |OthertournamentsMixedDoubles = yes |WimbledonMixedresult = 2R ([[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doobles|2006]]) |OlympicMixedDoublesresult = [[File:Silver medal.svg|20px]] Siller Medal ([[Tennis at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Mixed doobles|2012]]) |Team = yes |DavisCupresult = '''W''' ([[2015 Davis Cup|2015]]) |HopmanCupresult = F ([[2010 Hopman Cup|2010]]) |updated = 5 November 2018 }} {{MedalTop}} {{MedalCountry|{{GBR2}}}} {{MedalSport|[[Tennis at the Simmer Olympics|Men's Tennis]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Lunnon]]|[[Tennis at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's singles|Singles]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[2016 Simmer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Tennis at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Men's singles|Singles]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Lunnon]]|[[Tennis at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Mixed doobles|Mixed Doobles]]}} {{MedalBottom}} {{stack end}} '''Sir Andrew Barron Murray''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (born 15 Mey 1987) is a [[Scots fowk|Scots]] professional [[tennis]] player. He haes been rankit as Warld No 1 bi the Association of Tennis Professionals for 41 week, an wis the year-end No. 1 in 2016.<ref name=atp_profile>{{cite wab | url = http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/andy-murray/mc10/overview | title = Player profile – Andy Murray | publisher = [[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP) | accessdate = 9 May 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Madrid Final 2016 Set By Set Djokovic Murray|url = http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/madrid-final-2016-set-by-set-djokovic-murray|website = [[Association of Tennis Professionals|atpworldtour.com]]|accessdate = 2016-05-09|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160508234957/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/madrid-final-2016-set-by-set-djokovic-murray|archivedate = 2016-05-09}}</ref> He is a twa-time Grand Slam tournament winner, Olympic champion an Davis Cup champion. Murray is the younger brither o doubles world No. 1 [[Jamie Murray]]. Murray haes won tae at least the quarterfinals o aw Grand Slam tournaments he haes participate in syne 2011, wi the exception o the [[2015 US Open (tennis)|2015 US Open]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/tennis/andy-murray-savours-his-17th-successive-grand-slam-quarter-final.127722651|title=Andy Murray savours his 17th successive Grand Slam quarter final|publisher=Herald Scotland|date=1 June 2015}}</ref> Murray haes been rankit as [[List of UK number 1 men's tennis players|British No. 1]] syne 27 Februar 2006. He achieved a tap-10 rankin bi the [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP]] for the first time on 16 Aprile 2007, an reakit a career peak o warld No. 1 on 7t November 2016. Murray is the reignin Olympic champion, haein defaitit [[Roger Federer]] at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Olympic Gemmes]] in straucht sets tae win the gowd medal in the [[Tennis at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's singles|men's singles]] final, acomin the first British singles champion in ower 100 year, an defendit his title in [[2016 Simmer Olympics|2016]]. He forby won a siller medal in the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Mixed doubles|mixed doubles]], playin wi [[Laura Robson]]. At the [[2012 US Open – Men's Singles|2012 US Open]], Murray became the first British player syne 1977, an the first British man syne 1936, tae win a [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] singles tournament, whan he defeatit [[Novak Djokovic]] in the final in five sets. This title made him the anerly British male tae become a Grand Slam singles champion durin the [[Open Era]]. On 7 Julie 2013, Murray won the [[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2013 Wimbledon Championships]], acomin the first British player tae win a Wimbledon senior singles title syne [[Virginia Wade]] in 1977, an the first British man tae win the Men's Singles Championship syne [[Fred Perry]], [[1936 Wimbledon Championships - Men's Singles|77 years previously]]. Murray is the anerly man in history tae hae won [[Tennis at the Simmer Olympics|Olympic Gowd]] an the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] in the same calendar year, as well as the third man tae haud the Gowd Medal an twa majors on different surfaces (efter Andre Agassi an Rafael Nadal). Subsequent tae his sonse at the Olympics an Wimbledon, Murray wis votit the 2013 [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year]]. Murray haes been the rinner-up in aicht ither singles Grand Slam finals: the [[2008 US Open (tennis)|2008 US Open]], the [[2010 Australian Open|2010]], [[2011 Australian Open|2011]], [[2013 Australian Open|2013]], [[2015 Australian Open|2015]] an [[2016 Australian Open]]s, the [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's Singles|2012 Wimbledon Championships]], an the [[2016 French Open]] lossin three tae Roger Federer an five tae Novak Djokovic. He is the first man in the Open Era tae achieve five rinner-up finishes at the [[Australian Open]], efter losin tae Djokovic in the final o the [[2016 Australian Open]]. In 2011, Murray became anerly the seivent player in the Open Era tae reak the semifinals o aw fower Grand Slam tournaments in ane year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/andy-murray-reaches-u-open-semi-finals-204800033.html|publisher=Yahoo News UK|title=Andy Murray Reaches US Open Semi Finals|date=9 September 2011|accessdate=23 January 2012}}</ref> Durin the 2015 saison, he became the fift man in tennis history tae hae won ower $40&nbsp;million in career prize money. Efter winnin tae the [[French Open]] semifinal in 2014, he became the tent man tae win tae twa or mair semifinals at ilkane o the fower Majors.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/06/23/Roland-Garros-Wednesday2-Monfils-Murray.aspx|title=Murray Beats Monfils in Fading Light at Roland Garros|publisher=ATP|date=4 June 2014|accessdate=5 June 2014}}</ref> Efter winnin tae the final o the 2016 French Open, Murray became the tent player in the Open Era tae win tae the final o aw fower Grand Slam events an jynt twalt on the leet for finals reakit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Murray Ousts Wawrinka To Reach Roland Garros Final|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/murray-wawrinka-roland-garros-2016-semifinals-friday|publisher=ATP|date=3 June 2016|accessdate=3 June 2016}}</ref> He is anly the seicont British player (efter Fred Perry) o aither sex tae hae reached the final o all fower majors. Murray forby featurt in [[Great Britain Davis Cup team|Great Britain's Davis Cup winnin team]] in [[2015 Davis Cup World Group|2015]], winnin 11 matches (8 singles an 3 doubles) as thay secured thair first [[Davis Cup]] title syne [[1936 Davis Cup|1936]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/murray-goffin-davis-cup-final-2015-sunday|title=Murray Goffin Davis Cup Final 2015 Sunday - ATP World Tour - Tennis|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref> Murray wis votit the 2015 [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year]], while the Davis Cup team won the 2015 [[BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award]]. He haes scored a tot 34 wins an 7 losses wi the British Davis Cup team. == Early and personal life == Murray wis born in Glesga, Scotland, [[Judy Murray|Judith]] (Erskine) an William Murray's son.<ref name="birth1" /> His maternal grandfaither, [[Roy Erskine]], wis a professional [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]] in the late 1950s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jun/26/wimbledon2005.wimbledon1|title=Dunblane tastes regret along with its new favourite son|first=Will |last=Peakin|newspaper=The Observer |language=en|date=26 June 2005 |accessdate=9 September 2020}}</ref> Murray's elder brither, [[Jamie Murray|Jamie]], is an aa a professional tennis player, playin on the doubles circuit. Murray wis born wi a bipartite [[patella]], whaur the kneecap remains as twa separate banes insteid o fusin thegither in early bairnheid, but wis nae diagnosed until the age o 16. He is seen tae haud his knee due tae the pain caused bi the condeetion an haes pulled oot o events acause o it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/daviscup/2290508/Andy-Murray-to-miss-Argentina-Davis-Cup-tie.html|title=Andy Murray to miss Argentina Davis Cup tie|newspaper=Telegraph|date=31 January 2008}}</ref> Murray began playin tennis at the age o three whan his mither Judy teuk him tae play on the local courts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/get_involved/4237382.stm|title=Andy Murray's first steps in tennis|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref> He played in his first competitive tournament at age five an bi the time he wis aicht he wis kempin wi adults in the Central Destrict Tennis League.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/the-making-of-andy-murray-1883590.html|title=The making of Andy Murray |first=Paul |last=Newman |newspaper=Independent|language=en|date=30 January 2012 |accessdate=9 September 2020}}</ref> Murray grew up in [[Dunblane]] an attendit [[Dunblane Primary School]]. He an his brither wis present durin the 1996 [[Dunblane school massacre]],<ref name="Faultless young Scot">[http://news.scotsman.com/dunblanekillings/Faultless-young-Scot-who-is.2563990.jp Faultless young Scot who is all set to take on the tennis world], ''[[The Scotsman]]'', 14 September 2004</ref> whan Thomas Hamilton killt 16 weans an a teacher afore shootin himsel; Murray teuk kiver in a classroom.<ref>{{cite book|author=Murray, Andy|title=Hitting Back|url=https://archive.org/details/hittingbackautob0000murr|publisher=Random House|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84605-167-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/hittingbackautob0000murr/page/44 44]}}</ref> Murray says he wis too young tae understand what wis happenin an is reluctant tae talk aboot it in interviews, but in his autobiography ''Hitting Back'' he states that he attendit a youth group run bi Hamilton, an that his mither gae Hamilton lifts in her car.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/jun/05/tennis.scotland|title=Murray describes fight to cope with trauma of Dunblane school killings|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Martin |last=Hodgson |language=en|date=5 June 2008 |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> Murray later attended [[Dunblane high school|Dunblane High School]].<ref name="times interview">{{cite news|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/sport/article178480.ece|title=The Big Interview: Andy Murray|newspaper=Times|date=4 June 2006|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-date=2016-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530211740/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/sport/article178480.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="guardian interview">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jun/09/tennis.features|title=Boy on the brink|newspaper=Guardian|date=9 June 2007}}</ref> Murray's parents split up whan he wis anerly 10.<ref name="Murray facts">{{cite web|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/345524/Andy-Murray-s-secret-fear-and-49-other-facts-you-never-knew-about-the-tennis-champion|title=Andy Murray's secret fear... and 49 other facts you never knew about the tennis champion|work=Daily Express|last1=Pukas|first1=Anna|last2=Carpenter|first2=Julie|date=12 September 2012|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref> He believes the impact this haed on him coud be the reason ahint his competitive spirit.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1550734/Murray-Parents-divorce-fuels-my-aggression.html|title=Murray: Parents' divorce fuels my aggression |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |last=Harrison |first=David |date=6 May 2007 |accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref> At 15, he wis askit tae train wi [[Rangers F.C.]] at thair School o Excellence, but declined, optin tae focus on his tennis career insteid.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/jul/07/andy-murray-wimbledon-final | title=Wimbledon 2012: All you need to know about Andy Murray and a bit more | work=The Guardian | date=7 July 2012 | accessdate=9 July 2013 | location=London}}</ref> He then decidit tae flit tae [[Barcelona]], Spain. Thare he studied at the [[Schiller International School]] an trained on the clay courts o the Sánchez-Casal Academy, coached bi Pato Alvarez.<ref name="Coaches">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jan/16/andy-murray-tennis-life-story|title=The rise and rise of Andy Murray, a story in six chapters |first1=Richard |last1=Jago |first2=Tom |last2=Lutz |newspaper=The Guardian |language=en|date=17 January 2009|accessdate=9 September 2020}}</ref> Murray describit this time as "a big sacrifice".<ref name="guardian interview"/> His parents haed tae finn £40,000 tae pey for his 18-month stay thare.<ref name="Murray facts"/> While in Spain, he trained wi [[Emilio Sánchez]], umwhile warld No. 1 doubles player.<ref name="guardian interview"/> In Februar 2013, Murray bocht [[Cromlix House]] fur £1.8 million whilk appent as a 15-room five-starn hotel in Aprile 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-26823280|title=Hotel bought by Wimbledon champion Andy Murray opens|publisher=BBC News|language=en|date=1 April 2014|accessdate=9 September 2020}}</ref> Later that month Murray wis awairdit Freedom o Stirlin an received an Honorary Doctorate frae the [[University of Stirling]] in recognition o his services tae tennis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-27114857|title=Honorary degree and freedom of Stirling for Andy Murray|publisher=BBC News|language=en|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=9 September 2020}}</ref> Murray began datin Kim Sears, dochter o player-turned-coach [[Nigel Sears]], in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1511021/Andy-Murray-the-great-romantic.html|date=21 February 2006|title = Andy Murray, the great romantic|work=The Telegraph|location=London|last=Hodgkinson|first=Mark|accessdate=14 May 2009|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}</ref><ref name="bbcengage">{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-30220015 | title=Andy Murray gets engaged to Kim Sears | publisher=BBC | accessdate=27 November 2014}}</ref> Thair engagement wis annoonced in November 2014,<ref name="bbcengage"/> an thay mairit on 11 Aprile 2015 at [[Dunblane Cathedral]] in his home toun.<ref name="bbcwedding">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-32252206| title=Andy Murray marries girlfriend Kim Sears in Dunblane | publisher=BBC News| accessdate=11 April 2015|date=11 April 2015}}</ref> The couple haes a dochter, Sophia Olivia,<ref>{{Cite wab | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/12160991/Andy-Murray-and-Kim-Sears-name-their-baby-daughter-Sophia-Olivia.html | title = Andy Murray and Kim Sears 'name thair baby daughter Sophia Olivia' | wabsteid = Telegraph.co.uk | access-date = 2016-02-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite wab | url = http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/life/celebrity/article4692355.ece | title = Sophia Olivia is queen of the court for Andy Murray {{!}} The Times | wabsteid = The Times | leid = en-GB | access-date = 2016-02-27 }}</ref> born on 7 Februar 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/14746272/andy-murray-wife-kim-sears-gives-birth-baby-girl | title=Andy Murray's wife Kim Sears gives birth to baby girl | publisher=ESPN | date=9 February 2016 | accessdate=9 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-kim-sears-name-7384411|title=Andy Murray and Kim Sears 'name their daughter Sophia Olivia'|newspaper=Mirror|date=17 February 2016}}</ref> == Career == [[File:Andy-Murray-Singles-Ranking-History-Chart.png|thumbnail|right|Andy Murray Singles Ranking History Chart]] === Junior tennis === [[Leon Smith (tennis coach)|Leon Smith]], Murray's tennis coach frae 11 tae 17,<ref name="Coaches"/> describit Murray as "unbelievably competitive", while Murray evens his abeelities tae the motivation gained frae lossin tae his aulder brither Jamie. In 1999, at the age o 12, Murray won his age group at the [[Junior Orange Bowl (tennis)|Orange Bowl]], a prestigious event for junior players.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://juniororangebowl.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Tennis-Past-Champions.pdf |title=Junior Orange Bowl Past Champions |publisher=Junior Orange Bowl |page=6 |url-status=dead |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005024304/http://juniororangebowl.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Tennis-Past-Champions.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2016 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005024304/http://juniororangebowl.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Tennis-Past-Champions.pdf |date=2016-10-05 }}</ref> In Julie 2003, Murray stairtit oot on the [[ATP Challenger Tour|Challenger]] an [[ITF Men's Circuit|Futures]] circuit. In his first tournament, he reached the [[quarterfinals]] o the [[Manchester Open|Manchester Challenger]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/archive/manchester/583/2003/results|title= Manchester Challenger|publisher=ATP World Tour |language=en|date=20 July 2003|access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> In September, Murray won his first senior title bi takin the [[Glasgow]] Futures event.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/great-britain-f10-futures/gbr/2003/m-fu-gbr-10a-2003/draws-and-results/|title= Glasgow GB Futures F10|publisher= ITF Tennis|access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> He forby won tae the semi-finals o the [[Edinburgh]] Futures event.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men's-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100005911|title= Edinburgh GB Futures F11|publisher= ITF Tennis|date= 5 October 2003|access-date= 2022-05-23|archive-date= 2018-11-20|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181120120704/https://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men%27s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100005911|url-status= dead}}</ref> For the first sax month o 2004, Murray haed a knee injury an cudnae play.<ref name="Injury 2004-2005">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-i-always-believed-i-was-going-to-make-it-520231.html|title=Andy Murray: 'I always believed I was going to make it'|newspaper=Independent|date=21 December 2005|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=2019-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224025823/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-i-always-believed-i-was-going-to-make-it-520231.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Julie 2004, Murray played a Challenger event in [[Nottingham]], whaur he lost tae futur [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] finalist [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]] in the seicont roond.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/scores/archive/nottingham/1631/2004/results|title= Nottingham Challenger|publisher=ATP World Tour|date=11 July 2004}}</ref> Murray then gaed on tae win Futures events in [[Xàtiva]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/spain-f17-futures/esp/2004/m-fu-esp-17a-2004/draws-and-results/|title= Xativa Spain Futures F17|publisher= ITF Tennis|access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> an [[Roum]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men's-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100010252|title= Rome Italy Futures F22|publisher= ITF Tennis|date= 29 August 2004|access-date= 2022-05-23|archive-date= 2021-06-22|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210622021520/https://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men%27s-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100010252|url-status= dead}}</ref> In September 2004, he won the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|Junior US Open]] an wis seleckit for the [[Davis Cup]] [[2004 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs|World Group play-off match agin Austria]] again that month;<ref>{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/3650524.stm|date=13 September 2004|title = Dunblane teenager takes US Open|accessdate=17 March 2008|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Housomiver, he wisnae seleckit tae play. Later that year, he won [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Young Personality|BBC Young Sports Personality o the Year]].<ref>{{cite news|title=BBC Scotland audiences serve ace result for Andrew Murray in Sports Personality poll|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/12_december/09/murray.shtml|publisher=BBC|date=9 December 2005|accessdate=17 March 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211215516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/12_december/09/murray.shtml|archivedate=2007-02-11|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}</ref> As a junior, Murray won up sae heich as No. 6 in the warld in 2003 (and No. 8 in doubles). In the 2004-instated combined rankins, Murray won tae No. 2 in the warld.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100013005|title=Andy MURRAY|publisher=ITFTennis.com|accessdate=12 July 2014|archive-date=2016-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921160255/http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100013005|url-status=dead}}</ref> <u>Junior Slam results:</u> Australian Open: -<br /> French Open: SF ([[2005 French Open#Boys' singles|2005]])<br /> Wimbledon: 3R ([[2004 Wimbledon Championships#Boys' Singles|2004]])<br /> US Open: '''W''' ([[2004 US Open (tennis)#Boys' singles|2004]]) === 2005 === Murray began 2005 rankit warld No. 407,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx?d=10.01.2005&c=&r=401#|title=Tennis – ATP World Tour – Singles Rankings|publisher=ATP World Tour|accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> but whan he wis in South Americae in Januar, he hurt his back an haed tae tak 3 month aff.<ref name="Injury 2004-2005"/> In Mairch, he became the youngest Briton tae play in the [[Davis Cup]].<ref name="Youngest">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4319789.stm|title=GB pair take stunning doubles win|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=5 March 2005}}</ref> Murray turned professional in Aprile an wis gien a [[Wild card (sports)#Professional tennis|wild card]] entry tae a clay-court tournament in [[Barcelona]], the [[Open SEAT]], whaur he lost in three sets tae [[Jan Hernych]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Andy-Murray.aspx?t=pa&y=2005&m=s&e=0#|title=Tennis – ATP World Tour – Tennis Players – Andy Murray |publisher=ATP World Tour|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> In Aprile, Murray parted acrimoniously frae his coach Pato Alvarez, complainin aboot his negative attitude.<ref name="Mark Petchey">{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/mark-petchey-serving-andy-harsh-truths-at-the-start-of-an-epic-journey-296371.html|title=Mark Petchey: Serving Andy - harsh truths at the start of an epic journey|newspaper=Independent|date=2 July 2005|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-date=2016-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315095119/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/mark-petchey-serving-andy-harsh-truths-at-the-start-of-an-epic-journey-296371.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Murray then won tae the semi-finals o the lads' French Open whaur he lost in straucht sets tae [[Marin Čilić]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/tennis/4608493.stm|title=Murray loses in French semi-final|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=3 June 2005}}</ref> [[Mark Petchey]] greed tae coach Murray for 4 week till the end o Wimbledon, but it metamorphosed intae a fou-time poseetion.<ref name="Mark Petchey"/> Gien a wild card tae [[Queen's Club Championships|Queen's]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/tennis/4603449.stm|title=Murray given wildcard for Queen's|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=2 June 2005|accessdate=26 April 2010}}</ref> Murray progressed past [[Santiago Ventura Bertomeu|Santiago Ventura]] in straucht sets for his first ATP match win.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Share/Event-Draws.aspx?e=311&y=2005|title=Tennis – ATP World Tour – Draws|publisher=ATP World Tour|accessdate=5 July 2012}}</ref> Follaein a seicont roond win against [[Taylor Dent]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4074906.stm|title=Murray excels in defeating Dent|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=8 June 2005}}</ref> he played umwhile Australian Open champion [[Thomas Johansson]] in the third roond, losin in three sets efter crampin an twistin his ankle.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4078248.stm|title=Gallant Murray falls to Johansson|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=9 June 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4628225.stm|title=Petchey makes Murray fitness vow|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=27 June 2005}}</ref> Follaein his performance at Queen's, Murray received a wild card for [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]. Ranked 312, Murray became the first Scot in the [[Open Era]] tae win tae the third roond o the men's singles tournament at Wimbledon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/2709427/Andy-Murray-Career-highs-and-lows---US-Open-Tennis.html|title=Andy Murray: Career highs and lows|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=9 September 2008|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-date=2008-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912142018/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/2709427/Andy-Murray-Career-highs-and-lows---US-Open-Tennis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the third roond, Murray lost tae 2002 Wimbledon finalist [[David Nalbandian]] due tae crampin an fatigue, haein led bi twa sets tae luve.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4619129.stm|title=Brave Murray falls to Nalbandian|date=25 June 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161635/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4619129.stm|archivedate=2010-05-28|deadurl=no|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|access-date=2016-06-28|url-status=live}}</ref> Follaein Wimbledon, Murray won Challengers events on the haurd courts o [[Aptos]] an [[Binghamton, New York]]. He then experienced his first [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000|Masters]] event at [[Cincinnati Masters|Cincinnati]], whaur he beat Taylor Dent, afore losin in three sets tae world No. 4, [[Marat Safin]]. Wi a wild card entry, Murray played [[Andrei Pavel]] in the openin roond o the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]], whaur he rekivered frae bein doun twa sets tae ane tae win his first five-set match.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4199444.stm|title=Brave Murray through in five sets|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=31 August 2005}}</ref> Housomiver, he lost in the seicont roond tae [[Arnaud Clément]] in anither five set contest.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4206614.stm|title=Battling Murray crashes out in US|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=3 September 2005}}</ref> Murray wis again seleckit for the Davis Cup match agin Switzerland. He wis waled for the openin singles rubbers, lossin in straucht sets tae [[Stanislas Wawrinka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviscup.com/en/results/tie/details.aspx?tieID=100006618|title=Tie Details|publisher=daviscup.com|date=25 September 2005}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Murray then made his first ATP final at the [[PTT Thailand Open (ATP)|Thailand Open]] whaur he faced world No. 1 [[Roger Federer]]. Murray lost in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4300644.stm|title=Federer outguns impressive Murray|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=2 October 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205045425/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4300644.stm|archivedate=2008-12-05|deadurl=no|access-date=2016-06-28|url-status=live}}</ref> Murray beat [[Tim Henman]] in thair first meetin, at the [[2005 Davidoff Swiss Indoors – Singles#Top Half|Basel Swiss Indoors]] in the first roond, an eventually reached the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4372118.stm|title=Murray holds nerve to beat Henman|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=26 October 2005}}</ref> In November, Murray captained Scotland at the inaugural [[Aberdeen Cup]] against England led bi [[Greg Rusedski]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/nov/22/tennis.sport|title=Murray keen on patriot games with Rusedski|newspaper=The Guardian|date=22 November 2005}}</ref> This wis an exhibition tournament, an the anly event whaur Murray played Rusedski, thay never met on the Tour. Rusedski beat Murray in the first match, but Murray won the seicont. Scotland defeatit England 4½ - 2½.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4476784.stm|title=Murray gains revenge on Rusedski|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 November 2005}}</ref> He completit the year rankit 64 an wis named the 2005 [[BBC Scotland Sports Personality of the Year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/12_december/09/murray.shtml|title=BBC Scotland audiences serve ace result for Andrew Murray in Sports Personality poll|publisher=BBC|date=9 December 2005}}</ref> === 2006: British No. 1 === The 2006 saison saw Murray compete on the fou circuit for the first time an split wi his coach Mark Petchey<ref>{{cite news|title = Murray splits from coach Petchey|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4910582.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en|date=14 April 2006}}</ref> an team up wi [[Brad Gilbert]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gilbert accepts Murray coach role|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5192008.stm|language=en |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=26 July 2006}}</ref> On 27 Februar, Murray became the British Number 1, endin [[Tim Henman|Tim Henman's]] seiven-year run. Murray wis nou warld No 42, [[Greg Rusedski]] No 43, an Tim Henman No 49.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4754030.stm|title=Murray is new British number one|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en |date=27 February 2006}}</ref> Murray dreed a straucht sets defait at the Australian Open, tae Argentine [[Juan Ignacio Chela]] in the first roond<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4617392.stm|title=Murray suffers tame loss to Chela|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en|date=17 January 2006}}</ref> an tae [[Gaël Monfils]] at the French Open, in five sets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Injured Murray beaten by Monfils|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5029854.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en|date=30 May 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909092553/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5029854.stm|archivedate=2010-09-09|deadurl=no|access-date=2016-06-28|url-status=live}}</ref> Murray housomiver won tae the fowert roond for the first time at baith Wimbledon an the US Open.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5142184.stm|title=Tame Murray beaten by Baghdatis|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en|date=3 July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5314496.stm |title=Davydenko swiftly ends Murray bid |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en |date=5 September 2006}}</ref> Murray played in Davis Cup ties agin Serbia, Israel an Ukraine. Murray missed the openin singles matches afore losin the doubles as Britain lost thair tie against Serbia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4890440.stm |title=GB struggling after doubles loss |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en |date=8 April 2006}}</ref> Durin the tie wi Israel, Murray won his rubber an lost the doubles afore pouin oot wi a neck injury afore the reverse singles, as Britain lost the tie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5203966.stm |title=Murray fights back to level tie |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en |date=21 July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5205690.stm |title=Davis Cup doubles woe for Britain |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |language=en|date=22 July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5207746.stm |title=Delgado loss spells woe for Brits |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en |date=23 July 2006}}</ref> Against the Ukraine, Murray won baith his singles rubbers, but lost the doubles, as Britain won the tie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5366740.stm |title=Battling Brits boost survival bid |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |language=en|date=22 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5373358.stm |title=Murray & Delgado crash in doubles |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|language=en |date=23 September 2006 |accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5375208.stm |title=Murray win seals British survival |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |language=en|date=24 September 2006}}</ref> At the Masters, Murray lost in the first roond in Miami,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4824248.stm |title=Murray suffers early Miami exit |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=23 March 2006}}</ref> Monte Carlo an Rome.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4919406.stm |title=Murray out as cramps strike again |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=18 April 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4754633.stm |title=Murray out in Rome, Henman wins |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=9 May 2006}}</ref> Murray went oot o the tournaments in Indian Wells an Hamburg in the seicont roond.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4800184.stm |title=Murray bows out of Indian Wells |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=12 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4988288.stm |title=Murray falls to defeat by Blake |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=17 May 2006}}</ref> Murray won tae his first Masters semifinal in [[Toronto]] at the [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] lossin tae [[Richard Gasquet]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4786127.stm |title=Murray falls to guile of Gasquet |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=12 August 2006}}</ref> At [[Western & Southern Financial Group Masters|Cincinnati]], Murray became anerly ane o twa player, alang wi [[Rafael Nadal]], tae defait Roger Federer in 2006, breakin the Swiss starn's 55 match winnin streak on haurd courts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4797657.stm |title=Brilliant Murray outplays Federer |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=16 August 2006 |accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> He lost twa roonds later tae Andy Roddick, but broke intae the tap 20 for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5263240.stm |title=Roddick defeats exhausted Murray |publisher=BC Sport |date=19 August 2006 |accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5270502.stm |title=Murray breaks into world top 20 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=21 August 2006 |accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> In the final twa Masters events in [[Madrid]] an Paris, Murray exited baith tournaments at the last-16 stage endin his saison, wi losses tae [[Novak Djokovic]] an [[Dominik Hrbatý]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6067636.stm|title=Madrid losses for Murray & Henman|date=19 October 2006|accessdate=11 March 2011|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6109450.stm|title=Hrbaty win ends Murray's season|date=2 November 2006|accessdate=11 March 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Whan the tour reakit [[San Jose, California]]; Murray defeatit a tap ten player for the first time in the shape o [[Andy Roddick]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4728788.stm|title=Murray stuns Roddick in San Jose|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=19 February 2006|accessdate=25 May 2010}}</ref> Murray went on tae claim the [[SAP Open]] title defeatin world No. 11 [[Lleyton Hewitt]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4729100.stm|title=Magic Murray claims maiden title|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=20 February 2006|accessdate=25 May 2010}}</ref> Murray wis an aa a finalist at the [[Legg Mason Tennis Classic]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5249804.stm |title=Murray loses in Washington final |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=6 August 2006 |accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> Playin doubles wi his brither in Bangkok the pair reached the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5396382.stm |title=Blake blasts to Bangkok victory |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=1 October 2006 |accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> Efter the French Open, whaur Murray wis injured again, he revealed that his bones hadn't fully grown, causin him tae suffer frae cramps an back problems.<ref>{{cite news|title = Murray plays down injury worries|date = 30 May 2006|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5031414.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=6 September 2010}}</ref> In November, the [[Aberdeen Cup]] wis held for the seicont time, wi Murray leadin the Scotland team an [[Greg Rusedski]] captainin England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5110752.stm|title=Murray to lead Scots in Aberdeen|publisher=BBC Sport|date=23 June 2006}}</ref> Scotland won 6½ - 1.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/nov/27/tennis.sport|title=Murray defeats Rusedski to wrap up Scottish success|newspaper=The Guardian|date=27 November 2006}}</ref> [[File:Andy Murray at the 2008 US Open3.jpg|thumb|Murray on his wey tae acomin a finalist at the 2008 US Open]] === 2007: Warld top 10 === Murray won tae the fowert roond o the [[2007 Australian Open – Men's Singles#Section 8|Australian Open]], whaur he lost a five-set match agin warld No. 2, Rafael Nadal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6286767.stm|title=Valiant Murray succumbs to Nadal|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=22 January 2007}}</ref> Follaein the [[2007 Sony Ericsson Open – Men's Singles|Miami Masters]], whaur he reached the semi-finals,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6509315.stm|title=Djokovic thrashes Murray in Miami |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=31 March 2007}}</ref> Murray became the world No. 10 on 16 Aprile.<ref name="Singles ranking">{{cite web |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/players/andy-murray/mc10/rankings-history|title=Andy Murray - Singles Rankings|publisher=ATP World Tour |accessdate=3 June 2016}}</ref> The British No 1 sustained tendon damage durin his first roond match at the [[2007 Qatar Telecom German Open|German Open]] in Hamburg. Murray wis up 5–1 when he hit a forehaund frae the back o the court an snapped the tendons in his wrist, leavin him oot o action frae 15 Mey until 7 August, tharebi missin Wimbledon.<ref name="2007 wrist injury">{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6974921.stm|title = Beaten Murray looks to Davis Cup |date =2 September 2007|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Durin this rest period, Murray rose tae world No. 8, but bi 7 August, he haed dropped tae no 14.<ref name="Singles ranking"/> Murray dreed a third roond loss at the [[2007 US Open – Men's Singles#Section 3|US Open.]] At the Masters tournaments, Murray won tae the semifinals o Indian Wells an Miami. At Rome an Cincinnati, Murray exited in the first roond whilst goin oot in the seicont in Canadae. In the final twa masters tournaments, Murray exited in the third roond in Madrid an he went oot in the quarter finals o Paris. Murray won titles in San Jose an St. Petersburg.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6374011.stm|title=Murray fights back to keep title|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=19 February 2007}}</ref> He an aa reached the final o tournaments in Doha an Metz, finishin the saison ranked 11t in the world.<ref name="Singles ranking"/> In November, Murray split wi his coach Brad Gilbert an added a team o experts alang wi [[Miles Maclagan]], his main coach.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7095903.stm|title=Murray assembling team of experts|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=30 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8131310.stm|title=Who are Team Murray? |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=27 August 2009}}</ref> === 2008: First Grand Slam final and first Masters titles === In 2008, Murray suffered a first roond loss at the Australian Open tae eventual runner-up Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, an a third roond loss at the French Open tae [[Nicolás Almagro]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/australianopen/2288937/Andy-Murray-knocked-out-of-Australian-Open.html|title=Andy Murray knocked out of Australian Open|work=The Telegraph|location=London|date=14 January 2008|accessdate=27 April 2010|last1=Hodgkinson|first1=Mark|last2=Hodges|first2=Vicki|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}</ref> Murray then made his first Grand Slam quarter final at Wimbledon afore makin his first final at the US Open. Durin the tournament in New York, Murray claimed his first win ower Nadal. That veectory meant that he'd become the first player frae Britain syne Greg Rusedski in 1997 tae reach a major final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7602257.stm|title=Murray stuns Nadal to reach final|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=7 September 2008|accessdate=27 April 2010|last=Newbery|first=Piers}}</ref> In his first Grand Slam final Murray suffered a straucht sets loss tae Federer.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7603307.stm|title=Superb Federer ends Murray dream|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=9 September 2008|accessdate=27 April 2010|last=Newbery|first=Piers}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4530274.ece|title=Andy Murray blames Olympic failure on 'unprofessional' attitude|date=14 August 2008|accessdate=27 April 2010|location=London|work=The Times}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing Olympics]], Murray suffered ane o the worst defeats o his career, losin his first roond singles match tae world No. 77 [[Yen-hsun Lu]] o Taiwan in straucht sets. That abject defeat wis still on his mind in a BBC interview five years later – despite an intervenin Olympic gowd medal an a heid-tae-heid win – when he met the same player (nou ranked 75 in the world) in the 2nt roond o Wimbledon 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/23051015|title=Murray wary efter Beijing loss tae Lu|date=25 Juin 2013|accessdate=17 Julie 2013|archive-date=2016-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414234500/http://m.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/23051015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the Masters tournaments Murray went oot in roond fower in Indian Wells an the first roond o Miami. In the clay Masters Murray made the third roond o Monte Carlo an Hamburg an the seicont o Rome. On the American haurd court swin Murray made the semi finals o Toronto afore winnin his first Masters shield in Cincinnati. He added anither shield tae his collection in Madrid;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/oct/20/tennis-andymurray|title=Murray masters Madrid on his path to grander ambitions|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=20 October 2008|accessdate=27 April 2010|last=Bierley|first=Steve}}</ref> afore losin in the quarter finals o Paris. Nou at No. 4 in the world, Murray qualified for the first time for the [[ATP World Tour Finals|Masters Cup]]. He played well in defeatin an injured Federer<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7729083.stm|title=Murray knocks out ailing Federer|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=14 November 2008|accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> but lost tae Davydenko in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7730207.stm|title=Davydenko ends Murray's Cup run|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=15 November 2008|accessdate=27 April 2010}}</ref> Murray ended 2008 ranked fowert in the world. Murray an aa won tournaments in Doha, Marseille an St Petersburg. === 2009: World No. 2 === [[File:Andy Murray at the 2009 French Open 6.jpg|thumb|right|Murray made the quarter-finals of the [[2009 French Open]]]] Murray opened the 2009 saison wi a successfu defence o his title at the [[2009 Qatar ExxonMobil Open|Qatar Open]] in [[Doha]], defeatin Andy Roddick in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7822109.stm|title=Murray vs Roddick clash|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=10 January 2009}}</ref> At the [[2009 Australian Open – Men's Singles|Australian Open]], Murray made it tae the fowert roond, losin tae [[Fernando Verdasco]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601102&sid=a638z6QofdwY&refer=uk|title=Murray Says 'No Disaster' in Australian Open Loss to Verdasco|work=Bloomberg|date=26 January 2009}}</ref> Murray won his eleventh career title in [[2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament|Rotterdam]], defeatin No. 1, Nadal in the three sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7890935.stm|title=Murray v Nadal as it happened|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=15 February 2009}}</ref> Murray next went tae Dubai but withdrew afore the quarterfinals wi a re-occurrence o a virus that haed affected him at the Australian Open.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/tennis/article2369347.ece|newspaper=Times|title=Andy Murray a Davis Cup doubt after withdrawing from Dubai tournament with virus|date=26 February 2009}}</ref> The virus caused Murray tae miss a [[Davis Cup]] tie in Glesga. Murray then lost in the finals tae Nadal at [[2009 Indian Wells Masters|Indian Wells]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7958320.stm|title=Murray v Nadal as it happened|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=22 March 2009}}</ref> but won a week later in Miami ower Novak Djokovic for anither masters title. In the lead-up tae the French Open, Murray beat world No. 9, [[Nikolay Davydenko]] at the [[2009 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters – Singles#Finals|Monte Carlo Masters]], the first time he haed beaten a tap ten player on clay,<ref name="Davydenko">{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/apr/06/andy-murray-fabio-fognini-davis-cup|title=Italy bounce back to defeat Great Britain in Davis Cup quarter-final |newspaper=Guardian|date=6 April 2014}}</ref> tho he lost tae Nadal in the semis. Murray wis upset in roond twa o the [[2009 Internazionali BNL d'Italia – Men's Singles|Rome Masters]] bi qualifier [[Juan Mónaco]], an he won tae the quarterfinals o the [[2009 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open|Madrid Masters]], losin tae [[Juan Martín del Potro]]. Durin this time Murray gat roon the heichest ever rankin o a British male in the [[Open Era]] whan he became warld No. 3 on 11 Mey 2009.<ref name="tennis1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8030391.stm|title=Murray to move third in rankings|date=3 May 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Murray reached the quarterfinals o the [[2009 French Open – Men's Singles#Finals|French Open]], but wis defeatit bi [[Fernando González]] in fower sets. Murray won for the first time on [[Lawn Tennis|gress]] at [[2009 AEGON Championships|Queen's]] an became the first British winner o the tournament syne 1938. In the final, Murray defeatit American [[James Blake (tennis)|James Blake]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8099594.stm|title=Classy Murray wins Queen's title|date=14 June 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> At Wimbledon, against Stanislas Wawrinka, Murray's fowert roond match wis the first match tae be played entirely under Wimbledon's [[retractable roof]], an aa enablin it tae be the latest finishin match ever at Wimbledon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8125335.stm|title=Murray wins late-night thriller|date=29 June 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Houiver Murray lost a tight semifinal tae Andy Roddick. Murray returned tae action in [[2008 Rogers Cup|Montreal]], defaitin del Potro in three set tae tak the title.<ref>{{cite news|title=Murray v Del Potro as it happened|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8204081.stm|date=16 August 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Efter this veectory, he owerteuk Nadal in the rankings an held the number twa poseetion until the stairt o the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]].<ref name="atpworldtour">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2009/08/Montreal-Sunday-Murray-Overcomes-Del-Potro-In-Montreal.aspx|title=Murray Overcomes Del Potro|accessdate=11 June 2010}}</ref> Murray followed the Masters win playin at the [[Cincinnati Masters]], whaur he lost tae Federer. At the US Open, Murray wis hampered bi a wrist injury an suffered a straucht-sets loss tae Čilić.<ref name="Wrist injury US Open 2009">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/usopen/6160347/US-Open-2009-Andy-Murray-refuses-to-blame-injury-for-Marin-Cilic-defeat.html|title=US Open 2009: Andy Murray refuses to blame injury for Marin Cilic defeat|date=9 September 2009|newspaper=Telegraph}}</ref> Murray won baith his singles matches, an lost at doubles in the Davis Cup against Poland,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/daviscup/6206135/Andy-Murray-wins-Davis-Cup-opener-for-Great-Britiain-against-Poland.html|title=Andy Murray in Davis Cup dilemma over wrist injury with GB level 1–1 with Poland|date=18 September 2009|newspaper=Telegraph}}</ref> but wis then forced tae miss sax weeks wi a wrist injury.<ref name="Valencia 2009">{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/nov/08/andy-murray-wins-valencia-open|title=Andy Murray eases back into title-winning ways at Valencia Open|date=8 November 2009|newspaper=Guardian}}</ref> In November, Murray won at [[2009 Valencia Open 500|Valencia]],<ref name="Valencia 2009"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/6529801/Andy-Murray-admits-beating-Mikhail-Youzhny-at-Valencia-Masters-was-easier-than-expected.html|title=Andy Murray admits beating Mikhail Youzhny at Valencia Masters was easier than expected|date=9 November 2009|newspaper=Telegraph}}</ref> but bowed oot in roond twa o the Paris Masters. Tae end the saison, Murray didnae mak it oot o the roond robin at the [[2009 ATP World Tour Finals|World Tour Finals]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8378944.stm|title=Andy Murray knocked out of World Tour Finals at 02|date=27 November 2009|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> {{quotebox|quote=I can cry like Roger, it's a shame I can't play like him.|source=Andy Murray during his runner's up speech at the 2010 Australian Open.<ref>{{cite news |last=Newman |first=Paul |title=Murray left in tears by Federer's fireworks |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-left-in-tears-by-federers-fireworks-1885196.html |newspaper=The Independent |date=23 October 2011 |access-date=2016-06-28 |archive-date=2016-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508185336/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-left-in-tears-by-federers-fireworks-1885196.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>|quoted=1}} === 2010: Australian Open runner-up and two Masters titles === Murray an [[Laura Robson]] representit Britain at the [[2010 Hopman Cup|Hopman Cup]]. The pair progresst tae the final, whaur thay war beaten bi Spain.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8449765.stm|title=Andy Murray and Laura Robson beaten in Hopman Cup final|date=9 January 2010|accessdate=9 January 2010|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> At the Australian Open Murray beat Nadal an Čilić afore losin in the final tae world No. 1 Roger Federer.<ref name="2010AO">{{cite web | url=http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/event_guide/history/draws/2010_MS_F.html | title=2010 Australian open results | accessdate=17 August 2012}}</ref> At the [[BNP Paribas Open]] in Indian Wells, Murray reached the quarterfinals, losin tae [[Robin Söderling]] in straucht sets. Murray next played at the [[2010 Sony Ericsson Open]], but lost his first match o the tournament tae [[Mardy Fish]], afterwards sayin that his mind hadn't been fully on tennis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/7587059/Andy-Murray-clears-clouded-mental-state-for-fresh-start-in-Monte-Carlo.html|title=Andy Murray clears clouded mental state for fresh start in Monte Carlo|date=14 April 2010|newspaper=Telegraph}}</ref> At the [[Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters]], Murray dreed anither first match loss, this time tae [[Philipp Kohlschreiber]]. He forby entert the doubles competeetion wi [[Ross Hutchins]], but thay lost tae the [[Bryan Brothers]] on a champions tie-breaker. Murray won tae the third roond in the Rome Masters, an the quarterfinals at the Madrid Masters, losin baith times tae [[David Ferrer]]. [[File:Australian Open 2010 Quarterfinals Nadal Vs Murray 3.jpg|thumb|left|Murray reached his seicont Grand Slam Final in Australie.]] Efter playin [[Masters Guinot-Mary Cohr#2010|an exhibition match]], Murray stairtit the [[2010 French Open|French Open]] wi three tough wins, afore losin in straucht sets tae [[Tomáš Berdych]] in the fowert roond.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8714383.stm|title=Andy Murray says he was outplayed by Tomas Berdych|date=31 May 2010|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> In [[2010 AEGON Championships|London]], Murray progresst tae the third roond, whaur he faced Mardy Fish. At 3–3 in the final set wi momentum goin Murray's wey (he haed juist come back frae 3–0 doun), the match wis cried off for bad licht, leavin Murray fuming. Comin back the next day, Murray wis edged oot bi the eventual finalist in a tie-breaker for his seicont defeat bi him in the year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bad light stops Andy Murray's clash with Mardy Fish|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8734199.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=10 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Champion Andy Murray defeated by Mardy Fish at Queen's|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8735283.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> At Wimbledon, Murray progressed tae the semi-finals, losin tae Rafael Nadal in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/tennis/tournaments/story/0,25174,18898_6242676,00.html|title=Nadal ends Murray's dream|work=Sky Sports|date=2 July 2010|accessdate=2 July 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021025145/http://www.skysports.com/tennis/tournaments/story/0,25174,18898_6242676,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 27 Julie 2010, Andy Murray an his coach Maclagan split, an Murray replaced him wi [[Àlex Corretja]].<ref>{{cite news|title = Andy Murray looking ahead after sacking coach Maclagan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8851529.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=29 July 2010}}</ref> Stairtin the US haurd-court saison wi the [[2010 Farmers Classic]], Murray reached the final but lost against [[Sam Querrey]] in three sets. This wis his first loss tae Querrey in five career meetins.<ref>{{cite news|title=Querrey beats Murray to win 4th crown|date=1 August 2010|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/07/30/LA-Sunday-Querrey-Wins-Fouth-Title-of-2010.aspx|work=ATP|accessdate=2 August 2010}}</ref> In Canadae, Murray became the first player syne [[Andre Agassi]] in 1995 tae defend the [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Canadian Masters]]. Murray defeatit Nadal an then Federer in straucht sets, endin his aicht-month title drocht.<ref>{{cite news|title = Murray beats rain and Federer to defend title|date = 15 August 2010|url = http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/08/32/Toronto-Sunday-Murray-Defends-Title.aspx|work=ATP|accessdate = 16 August 2010}}</ref> At the [[2010 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women's Open|Cincinnati Masters]], Murray first complained aboot the speed o the court,<ref>{{cite news|title = Andy Murray beats Jeremy Chardy at Cincinnati Masters|date = 18 August 2010|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8926312.stm|publisher = [[BBC Sport]]|accessdate = 21 August 2010|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100820203457/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8926312.stm|archivedate = 2010-08-20|deadurl = no|url-status = live}}</ref> an then in a quarterfinal match wi Fish, Murray complained that the organisers refused tae put the match on later in the day<ref>{{cite news|title = Andy Murray to face Mardy Fish in midday heat again|date = 20 August 2010|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8931096.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=6 September 2010}}</ref> Wi temperatures reachin 33&nbsp;°C in the shade, Murray won the first set in a tie-breaker but began tae feel ill. The doctor wis cried on court tae actively cuil Murray doun. Murray admitted efter the match that he haed considered retiring. He lost the seicont set, but forced a final-set tie-breaker, afore Fish won.<ref name="hot cincy">{{cite news|title = Mardy Fish beats Andy Murray in Cincinnati|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8933087.stm|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=20 August 2010}}</ref> Efter losin tae Stanislas Wawrinka in the third roond o the [[2010 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], questions aboot Murray's conditionin arose, as he cried the trainer oot twice durin the match.<ref>{{cite news|title = Andy Murray baffled by US Open loss to Stan Wawrinka|date = 6 September 2010|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8970892.stm#atozlist|publisher = [[BBC Sport]]|accessdate = 6 September 2010|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100906192509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8970892.stm#atozlist|archivedate = 2010-09-06|deadurl = no|url-status = live}}</ref> His next event wis the [[2010 China Open (tennis)|China Open]] in Beijing, whaur Murray reached the quarterfinals, losin tae [[Ivan Ljubičić]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|title=Ivan Ljubicic beats Andy Murray in China Open|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/9074427.stm|date=8 October 2010}}</ref> Murray then won the [[2010 Shanghai Rolex Masters|Shanghai Rolex Masters]] dismissin Roger Federer in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/10/41/Shanghai-Sunday-Murray-Masters-Federer-In-Final.aspx|title=Murray Masters Federer To Claim Shanghai Title|date=17 October 2010|publisher=ATP Tour|accessdate=10 November 2010}}</ref> He didnae drap a single set ootthrough the event. Murray returned tae Spain fur tae defend his title at the [[2010 Valencia Open 500|Valencia Open 500]] but lost in the seicont roond tae Juan Mónaco.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|title=Andy Murray loses to Juan Monaco at Valencia Open|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/9156672.stm|date=3 November 2010}}</ref> Houiver, in doubles, Murray pairtnered his brither Jamie Murray tae the final, whaur thay defeatit [[Mahesh Bhupathi]] an [[Max Mirnyi]]. The veectory wis Murray's first doubles title an the seicont time he haed reached a final wi his brither.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|title=Murray brothers seize first ATP Tour title in Valencia|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/9164970.stm|date=7 November 2010|accessdate=10 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110031424/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/9164970.stm|archivedate=2010-11-10|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}</ref> Murray won tae the quarter finals at the [[2010 BNP Paribas Masters|BNP Paribas Masters]] losin tae Gaël Monfils in three sets. Combined wi his exit an Söderling's takin the title, Murray foond himsel pushed doun a spot in the rankings, tae No. 5 frae No. 4.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/soderlings-win-pushes-murray-down-to-no-5-2134252.html|title=Soderling's win pushes Murray down to No 5|newspaper=The Independent|date=15 November 2010}}</ref> At the [[2010 ATP World Tour Finals|Tour finals]] in London, Murray went 2–1 in roond robin play afore facin Nadal in the semifinal. Thay battled for ower three oors, afore Murray fell tae the Spaniard in a final-set tie-breaker, bringin an end tae his saison.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/9234077.stm|title=Rafael Nadal battles past Andy Murray to reach O2 final|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=27 November 2010}}</ref> === 2011: Second Australian Open final and two Masters titles === Murray an Laura Robson lost in the roond-robin stage [[2011 Hopman Cup]], lossin aw three ties even tho Murray won aw o his singles matches. Then Murray, alang wi ither stars lik Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, an Novak Djokovic, participatit in the [[2011 Australian Open#Rally for Relief|Rally for Relief event]] fur tae help raise money for the fluid victims in [[Queensland]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/9360057.stm|title=Sports stars pledge help for Queensland flood victims|date=13 January 2011|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> [[File:Andy and Jamie Murray.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Andy wi his brither [[Jamie Murray|Jamie]] (left) at the 2011 Japan Open]] Seedit fift in the [[2011 Australian Open - Men's Singles|2011 Australian Open]], Murray met umwhile champion Novak Djokovic in the final an wis defeatit in straucht sets. In [[2011 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament|Rotterdam]], he wis defeatit bi [[Marcos Baghdatis]] in the first roond.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/9387018.stm|title=Andy Murray loses to Marcos Baghdatis in Rotterdam|date=9 February 2011|accessdate=21 March 2011|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Murray reached the semifinals o the doubles tournament wi his brither Jamie. Murray lost tae qualifiers in the first roonds at the Masters Series events in [[2011 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]] an [[2011 Sony Ericsson Open|Miami]], efter which he split wi coach Àlex Corretja.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/12890238.stm|title=Andy Murray parts with coach Alex Corretja|accessdate=13 April 2011|date=29 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408065114/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/12890238.stm|archivedate=2011-04-08|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Murray returned tae form at the [[Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters]], but lost tae Nadal in the semifinals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/13104116.stm|title=Rafael Nadal beats Murray to reach Monte Carlo final|date=16 April 2011|accessdate=24 April 2011|last=Newbery|first=Piers|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Murray sustained an elbow injury afore the match an subsequently withdrew frae the [[2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell]] due tae the injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/13122602.stm|title=Andy Murray out of Barcelona Open with elbow injury|date=19 April 2011|accessdate=24 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422070131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/13122602.stm|archivedate=2011-04-22|deadurl=no|last=Newbery|first=Piers|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|url-status=live}}</ref> Murray lost in the third roond at the [[Madrid Open (tennis)|Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]], but made it tae the semifinals o the [[Rome Masters]], whaur he lost tae Novak Djokovic.<ref name="2011atp">{{cite web | url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Andy-Murray.aspx?t=pa&y=2011&m=s&e=0# | title=2011 ATP stats | accessdate=17 August 2012}}</ref> At the [[2011 French Open - Men's Singles|French Open]], Murray won twa tough early matches, afore losin in his first semifinal at Roland Garros, against Rafael Nadal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Newbery|first=Piers|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/13584139 |title=French Open: Andy Murray beats Michael Berrer despite injury |date=28 May 2011 |accessdate=5 July 2012|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Newbery|first=Piers|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/13604860 |title=French Open: Andy Murray reaches Paris quarter-finals |date=31 May 2011 |accessdate=5 July 2012|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/13643353.stm | title=French Open: Rafael Nadal outclasses Andy Murray to reach final|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=3 June 2011|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Murray defaitit Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, winnin his seicont Queen's Club title.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/13739645.stm|title=Andy Murray beats Jo-Wilfried Tsonga to win Queen's|date=13 June 2011|last=Newbery|first=Piers|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> At [[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|Wimbledon]], Murray lost in the semifinal tae Nadal, despite takin the first set.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/13991175.stm | title=Wimbledon 2011: Rafael Nadal beats Andy Murray in semis|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=1 July 2011|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> At the Davis Cup tie atween Great Britain an Luxembourg, Murray led the British team tae veectory.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray secures Great Britain Davis Cup victory|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/14098278.stm |accessdate=3 July 2013 |date=10 July 2011 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |last=Overend|first=Jonathan}}</ref> Murray wis the twa-time defendin [[2011 Rogers Cup]] champion, but lost in the seicont roond tae South African [[Kevin Anderson (tennis)|Kevin Anderson]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/tennis/08/09/rogers-cup-murray.ap/ |title=Defending champ Murray takes early exit from Rogers Cup |work=Sports Illustrated |date=8 September 2011 |accessdate=5 July 2012 |archive-date=2012-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104175619/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/tennis/08/09/rogers-cup-murray.ap/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Houiver, the follaein week, he won the [[2011 Western & Southern Open]], beatin Novak Djokovic, efter Djokovic retired due tae injury.<ref name="djinjury">{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/21/novak-djokovic-injury-cincy-final_n_932484.html | title=Noval Djokovic Injured | accessdate=17 August 2012 | work=Huffington Post | date=21 August 2011}}</ref> At the [[2011 US Open (tennis)|2011 US Open]], Murray battled frae twa sets doun tae win a five-set seicont-roond encounter wi [[Robin Haase]], but lost in the semifinals tae Rafael Nadal in fower sets. Murray easy won the smaw 250-class [[2011 PTT Thailand Open – Singles|Thailand Open]], an the follaein week he won his third title in fower tournaments at the [[2011 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships – Singles|Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships]]. His unfrein in the final wis Rafael Nadal, wham he beat for the first time in the year in three sets. Murray then won the doubles wi his brither Jamie Murray, acomin the first person in the 2011 saison tae captur baith singles an doubles titles at the same tournament. Murray then successfully defended his [[2011 Shanghai Rolex Masters – Singles|Shanghai Masters]] crown wi a straucht-sets veectory ower David Ferrer in the final. At the [[ATP World Tour Finals]], Murray lost tae David Ferrer in straucht sets an withdrew frae the tournament efter the loss wi a lisk yerk. Murray endit the year as No. 4 in the warld ahint Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, an Roger Federer. === 2012: US Open champion, Wimbledon runner-up and Olympic gold === {{main|2012 Andy Murray tennis season}} Wi [[Ivan Lendl]] as his new full-time coach,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/16372414.stm|title=Andy Murray appoints Ivan Lendl as his new coach|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|last=Overend|first=Jonathan|date=31 December 2011}}</ref> Murray began the saison bi playin in the [[2012 Brisbane International]]. He owercame a slow stairt in his first twa matches tae win his 22nt title bi beatin [[Alexandr Dolgopolov]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news|last=Briggs|first=Simon|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/9000543/Andy-Murray-wins-Brisbane-International-after-beating-Alexandr-Dolgopolov-in-straight-sets.html|title=Andy Murray cruises to Brisbane title and pays tribute to sense of humour and work ethic of new coach Ivan Lendl|date=9 January 2012|accessdate=25 January 2012|location=London|work=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|archive-date=2012-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109055545/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/9000543/Andy-Murray-wins-Brisbane-International-after-beating-Alexandr-Dolgopolov-in-straight-sets.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In doubles, he lost in the quarterfinals against seicont seeds [[Jürgen Melzer]] an [[Philipp Petzschner]] in a tight match.<ref>Tennis Live [http://www.tennislive.us/atp/match/jurgen-melzer-philipp-petzschner-VS-marcos-baghdatis-andy-murray/brisbane-international-brisbane-2012/ match result]</ref> Efter an exhibition tournament,<ref>[http://www1.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/7425934/Murray-toasts-success "Murray toasts success" British No. 1 wins exhibition encounter] 13 January 2012, Sky Sports</ref> Murray made it tae the semifinals o the [[2012 Australian Open - Men's Singles|2012 Australian Open]], whaur he wis defeatit bi Djokovic in a fower-oor-and 50-minute match.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray defeated by Novak Djokovic in epic semi-final|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-defeated-by-novak-djokovic-in-epic-semifinal-6295539.html|work=The Independent|accessdate=27 January 2012|date=27 January 2012|last=Fisher|first=Jon|location=London|archive-date=2012-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127231624/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-defeated-by-novak-djokovic-in-epic-semifinal-6295539.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Victory Andy Murray.jpg|left|upright|thumb|Murray's veectory signature at the Olympics whaur he won the gowd medal.]] At the [[Dubai Tennis Championships|Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships]], Murray defeatit Djokovic in the semifinals, but lost in the final tae Roger Federer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Federer edges Murray to win Dubai Championships|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2012/03/03/federer-edges-murray-to-win-dubai-championships/|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|accessdate=6 March 2012|date=3 March 2012|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152618/http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2012/03/03/federer-edges-murray-to-win-dubai-championships/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter an early defeat at the [[BNP Paribas Open]], Murray made the finals o the [[Miami Masters]], losin tae Djokovic.<ref name="2012ATP">{{cite web | url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Andy-Murray.aspx?t=pa&y=2012&m=s&e=0# | title=ATP results | accessdate=17 August 2012}}</ref> Murray then haed quarterfinal losses at the Monte Carlo Masters an Barcelona Open, an a third roond loss at the [[2012 Internazionali BNL d'Italia – Men's Singles|Italian Open]].<ref name="2012ATP" /> Murray battled back spasms all throu the [[2012 French Open - Men's Singles|French Open]], an in the quarterfinals he wis beaten bi David Ferrer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jun/06/french-open-andy-murray|title=French Open 2012: Andy Murray runs out of steam against David Ferrer|accessdate=5 January 2015 | work=The Guardian|date=6 June 2012|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin}}</ref> Murray lost in the openin roond o the [[Queen's Club Championships]] tae world No. 65 [[Nicolas Mahut]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/9330050/Andy-Murray-beaten-by-Nicolas-Mahut-in-second-round-at-Queens.html|title=Andy Murray beaten by Nicolas Mahut in second round at Queens|accessdate=13 June 2012 | work=The Telegraph|last1=Briggs|first1=Simon|date=13 June 2012|location=London|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}</ref> At [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|Wimbledon]], Murray set the record for the latest finish at the championships when he completit a fower-set veectory ower Marcos Baghdatis at 23:02 BST.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|last=Ornstein|first=David|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/18654579 |title=Wimbledon 2012: Andy Murray beats Marcos Baghdatis in thriller |date=30 June 2012 |accessdate=5 July 2012|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Murray beat [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]] in the semifinal in fower sets tae become the first male British player tae reach the final o Wimbledon syne [[Bunny Austin]] in 1938.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chronicle.augusta.com/sports/other-sports/2012-07-06/andy-murray-first-brit-make-wimbledon-finals-74-years?v=1341619125|title=Andy Murray is first Brit to make Wimbledon finals in 74 years |accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> In the final, he faced Federer, but efter takin the first set, he lost the match in fower sets.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/tennis/news/20120708/roger-federer-wins-wimbledon-andy-murray/ | title=Federer Wins 7th Wimbledon | accessdate=17 August 2012 | work=Wimbledon 2012 | date=8 July 2012 | archive-date=2012-12-08 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208193009/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/tennis/news/20120708/roger-federer-wins-wimbledon-andy-murray/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Murray next kempit at the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012 Summer Olympics]] in singles, doubles, an mixed doubles. He pairtnered his brither Jamie Murray in doubles an suffered a first-roond exit tae [[Austria at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Austria]] (Jürgen Melzer an [[Alexander Peya]]) in three sets.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/19031536|title=Andy and Jamie Murray beaten in Olympic tennis doubles| date=28 July 2012|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> In the mixed doubles, Murray wis pairtnered bi Laura Robson. Thay made it all the wey tae the finals whaur thay lost tae the [[Belarus at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Belarusian]] top seeds ([[Victoria Azarenka]] an Max Mirnyi) in three sets, settlin for the siller medal. In singles, Murray lost anly ane set on his wey tae the finals whaur he met Federer, defeatin him in straucht sets, for the loss o juist 7 gemmes.<ref name="2012ATP" /> Bi winnin the Olympic gowd medal, Murray became the first British man tae win the Olympic singles gowd medal in tennis syne [[Josiah Ritchie]] in 1908, an anly the 7t man in the open era tae win twa medals at the same Olympic Gemmes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray wins men's singles Olympics tennis gold|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18907001|accessdate=6 August 2012|last=Ornstein|first=David|date=5 August 2012|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Murray retired early in the [[2012 Rogers Cup – Men's Singles|Rogers Cup]] due tae a knee injury, an wis beaten bi unseedit [[Jérémy Chardy]] at the [[2012 Western & Southern Open – Men's Singles|Cincinnati Masters]] in straucht sets. He next competit in the final major o the saison at the [[2012 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. He cruised throu his openin twa roonds in straucht sets against [[Alex Bogomolov]] an [[Ivan Dodig]], afore facin a tough fower-set battle wi [[Feliciano López]], whaur Murray haed tae win three tie-breakers. In the fowert roond, he defeatit the Canadian [[Milos Raonic]] in straucht sets, an then in the quarterfinals, haed tae come frae a set an twa breaks doun against Marin Čilić tae prevail in fower. In the semifinals, he defeatit Tomáš Berdych in a lang-focht match that lasted awmaist fower oors, tae reach his seicont consecutive Grand Slam final. Murray defeatit Djokovic in five sets, acomin the first British man tae win a Grand Slam final syne Fred Perry in 1936,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/usopen/9532050/US-Open-2012-Novak-Djokovic-defeats-David-Ferrer-to-set-up-final-against-Andy-Murray-on-Monday.html|title=Novak Djokovic sets up Andy Murray US Open final|accessdate=9 September 2012 | work=The Telegraph}}</ref> an the first Scottish-born player tae win a Grand Slam final syne [[Harold Mahony]] in 1896.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sport.stv.tv/tennis/189639-andy-murray-becomes-first-scottish-born-slam-winner-since-harold-mahony/|title=Andy Murray becomes first Scottish-born slam winner since Harold Mahony|publisher=STV|date=11 September 2012|accessdate=11 September 2012|archive-date=2012-09-12|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AcKp7Ep6?url=http://sport.stv.tv/tennis/189639-andy-murray-becomes-first-scottish-born-slam-winner-since-harold-mahony/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The win wad an aa set several records for Murray: it involved the langest tiebreak in US Open final history at 12–10 in the first set, it made Murray the first man ever tae win an Olympic gowd medal an the US Open in the same year, an it tied wi the 1988 US Open final (in which Murray's coach Lendl competit) as the langest final in the tournament's history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://espn.go.com/blog/statsinfo/post/_/id/50912/murrays-open-win-a-first-on-multiple-fronts/ |title=Murray's Open win a first on multiple fronts|publisher=ESPN|date=10 September 2012|accessdate=10 September 2012}}</ref> Bi defeatin Djokovic in the final, Murray achieved his 100th Grand Slam match win o his career. The victory made Murray pairt o the "[[Big Four (tennis)|Big Four]]" accordin tae mony pundits, includin Novak Djokovic.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/sep/11/andy-murray-us-open-press-review|title=Andy Murray's US Open win, press review: 'The Big Three is the Big Four'|accessdate=11 September 2012|last=Murrells|first=Katy|date=11 September 2012|work=The Guardian|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/165275.html|title=Djokovic: Murray deserves 'big-four' tag|accessdate=26 January 2012|archive-date=2014-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030170955/http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/165275.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Andy Murray with Lendl.JPG|thumb|left|Andy Murray wi coach Ivan Lendl]] In his first tournament efter the US Open, Murray reached the semifinals o the [[2012 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships – Singles|Rakuten Japan Open]] efter enterin as defendin champion. He wis beaten bi Milos Raonic in a close three-set match. He wis an aa defendin champion in the [[2012 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships – Doubles|doubles]] wi his brither Jamie. Houiver, thay war knocked oot in the quarterfinals bi tap seeds [[Leander Paes]] an [[Radek Štěpánek]]. At the penultimate Masters 1000 tournament o the year in Shanghai, efter receivin a bye intae roond twa, Murray's first match wis due tae be played against [[Florian Mayer]]. Houiver, Mayer haed tae pou oot due tae skaith, giein Murray a walkower intae the thrid roond. Efter beatin Alexandr Dolgopolov in the third roond, he then overcame Radek Štěpánek in a three-set quarterfinal. Efter, Murray faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, wham he defeatit in straucht sets tae set up a seicont consecutive final against Novak Djokovic, an his third consecutive Shanghai final. Efter failin tae capitalise on five match pynts, Murray hinnerly lost in three sets, bringin tae an end his 12–0 winnin streak at the competeetion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Novak Djokovic beats Andy Murray to win Shanghai Masters|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/19941370|publisher=BBC|date=14 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Simon Cambers|title=Novak Djokovic roars back to deny Andy Murray in epic Shanghai final|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/oct/14/novak-djokovic-andy-murray-shanghai|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=14 October 2012}}</ref> Whan Rafael Nadal poued oot o baith the Paris Masters an the Year-End Championships,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/tennis-nadal-paris-london-153900726.html|title=Tennis – Nadal down and out of Paris and London |accessdate=25 October 2012|date=25 October 2012|work=Yahoo Sport}}</ref> Murray feinisht the year at No. 3 in the warld, efter fower year at No. 4. This wis the first time Murray haed feinisht the year heicher than No. 4 in the warld. At the [[BBC]] ''[[Sports Personality of the Year]]'' Murray foond hisel votit third oweraw, aheid o [[Mo Farah]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Bradley Wiggins claims BBC award is his 'greatest achievement'|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/sports-personality/20750840|date=17 December 2012|accessdate=12 March 2013|last=Keogh|first=Frank|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Murray won the World Breakthrough o the Year at the Laureus World Sports Awairds.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/other-sports/laureus-world-sports-awards-jessica-ennis-named-sportswoman-of-year-8530330.html|title=Laureus World Sports Awards: Jessica Ennis named Sportswoman of Year|work=Evening Standard|date=12 March 2013|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> Murray wis appyntit [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) in the [[2013 New Year Honours]] for services tae tennis.<ref name="Honours2013">{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/dec/30/new-year-honours-list-2013 | title=New Year honours 2013: the full list | work=guardian.co.uk | date=30 December 2012 |accessdate=15 January 2013|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=60367 |date=29 December 2012 |startpage=24 |supp=x }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=BBC News|title=Honorary degree and freedom of Stirling for Andy Murray|date=23 April 2014|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-27114857|work=BBC News|accessdate=24 April 2014|location=London}}</ref> === 2013: Wimbledon champion and third Australian Open final === {{main|2013 Andy Murray tennis season}} Murray began his 2013 saison bi retainin his [[2013 Brisbane International – Men's Singles|Brisbane International]] title, defeatin [[Grigor Dimitrov]] in the final in straucht sets.<ref name="2013 Brisbane">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/20926184 |title=Ross Hutchins diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma |date=6 January 2013 |accessdate=20 April 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Tryin tae win his seicont Major in a row, he began the [[2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2013 Australian Open]] weel wi a straucht sets veectory ower Dutchman Robin Haase. He follaed this up wi straucht set victories ower [[João Sousa]], practice pairtner [[Ričardas Berankis]] an French No. 14 seed [[Gilles Simon]]. In the quarterfinals he cruised past Jérémy Chardy in straucht sets tae set up a semi final clash wi Roger Federer. Efter exchangin sets, Murray eventually prevailed in 5 sets, recordin his first Grand Slam tournament triumph ower Federer. Wi this veectory, each member o the ATP's maist [[Big Four (tennis)|dominant quartet of the previous fower years (Federer, Nadal, Djokovic and Murray)]] haed beaten the ither three at the Majors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theroar.com.au/2013/01/27/2013-australian-open-mens-singles-final-preview/ |title=2013 Australian Open – Men's singles final preview |publisher=The Roar |date=|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> This veectory set up Murray's third consecutive Major final appearance, an seicont in a row against Novak Djokovic. Efter takin the first set in a tiebreak, Murray wis eventually defeatit in fower sets.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/21092882 |title=Andy Murray v Novak Djokovic as it happened |date=27 January 2013 |accessdate=20 April 2013 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |archive-date=2014-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110034720/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/21092882 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His defeat in this final meant that Murray became anly the seicont man in the Open Era tae achieve three runner-up finishes at the Australian Open, the ither bein [[Stefan Edberg]]. At the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, Murray lost at the quarter-final stage tae Juan Martín del Potro in three sets.<ref name="2013 Indian Wells">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/21809556|title=Juan Martin del Potro beats Andy Murray in Indian Wells |accessdate=18 March 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=16 March 2013|last=Overend|first=Jonathan}}</ref> At the [[2013 Sony Open Tennis|Miami Masters]], Murray made it throu his first fower matches wioot droppin a set, an efter overcomin Richard Gasquet in the semifinals, faced David Ferrer in the final. Efter losin the first set, an facin match pynt in the decider at 5–6, Murray eventually teuk the match in a third set tiebreaker tae win his seicont Miami Masters title, an leapfrog Roger Federer intae seicont place in the rankings, endin a near-decade lang time period in which neither Federer or Rafael Nadal war ranked in the tap twa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-up-to-no-2-in-world-after-hard-slog-against-david-ferrer-in-miami-heat-8555678.html?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=t.co|title=Andy Murray up to No. 2 in world after hard slog against David Ferrer in Miami heat|work=The Independent|date=31 March 2013|last=Newman|first=Paul|location=London}}</ref> Murray briefly fell back tae No. 3 in the world, follaein a third roond defeat bi Stanislas Wawrinka in [[2013 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters|Monte-Carlo]], but reclaimed the No. 2 rankin as a result o Federer failin tae defend his title at the [[2013 Mutua Madrid Open|Mutua Madrid Open]]. Later, Murray lost at the quarter-final stage tae Tomáš Berdych in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/22488571|title=Andy Murray beaten by Tomas Berdych at Madrid Open |accessdate=10 May 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=11 May 2013}}</ref> At the [[Italian Open (tennis)|Rome Masters]], Murray retired due tae a hip injury durin his seicont roond match against [[Marcel Granollers]] on his 26t birthday. Murray haed juist battled back tae tie the match at ane set all efter winnin the seicont set on a tiebreak. This left Murray wi anly eleven days tae be fit for the stairt o the [[2013 French Open|French Open]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/22540156|title=Andy Murray pulls out of French Open with back injury|accessdate=15 May 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=21 May 2013|last=Overend|first=Jonathan}}</ref> Speakin at a press conference efter the match, Murray said, "As it is, I'd be very surprised if I was playing in Paris. I need to make a plan as to what I do. I'll chat with the guys tonight and make a plan for the next few days then make a decision on Paris after the next five days."<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray pulls out of French Open with back injury|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/22540156|accessdate=15 May 2013|last=Overend|first=Jonathan|date=21 May 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> He wad go on tae withdraw frae Roland Garros later, citin a back injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2013/05/21/Murray-Withdraws-From-Roland-Garros.aspx|title=Murray withdraws from Roland Garros|date=22 May 2013|work=ATP|accessdate=7 July 2013}}</ref> Efter a fower-week break due tae injury, Murray made his comeback at the [[2013 Aegon Championships]], whaur he wis the tap seed. Efter a rain delayed first day, Murray haed tae complete his seicont roond match against Nicolas Mahut, an his subsequent match against [[Marinko Matosevic]] on the same day, baith o which he won in straucht sets. Efter beatin [[Benjamin Becker]] in the quarterfinals, Murray next faced his first tap ten opponent syne losin tae Tomáš Berdych in Madrid, takin on Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the semifinals. Efter droppin the first set against the Frenchman, Murray eventually raised his level an won in three tae set up a final against Marin Čilić o Croatia, his third consecutive final on gress courts. He came frae behind again tae beat Čilić in three sets tae claim his third title at [[Queen's Club Championships|Queen's Club]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/22926718|title=Andy Murray wins Aegon Championships at Queen's|website=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=17 June 2013|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> Goin intae Wimbledon, Murray hadn't lost a match on gress syne the previous year's final, an wis on a winnin streak o 11 matches on gress. In the first twa roonds, Murray faced Benjamin Becker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/23031466|title=Andy Murray beats Benjamin Becker at Wimbledon 2013|website=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=24 June 2013|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> an Yen-hsun Lu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/23066798|title=Andy Murray beats Yen-Hsun Lu at Wimbledon 2013|website=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=26 June 2013|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> respectively, defeatin baith in straucht sets. His third roond match wis against 32nd seed [[Tommy Robredo]], an despite a tour comeback ower the past year, Murray overcame the Spaniard in straucht sets tae set up a clash wi [[Mikhail Youzhny]], the heichest seed left in Murray's half follaein the unexpectedly early exits o Roger Federer an Rafael Nadal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/23106283|title=Andy Murray beats Tommy Robredo at Wimbledon 2013|website=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=28 June 2013|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> Despite facin a fightback in the seicont set, Murray won in straucht sets tae mak it throu tae his tenth consecutive Grand Slam quarterfinal,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/23130222|title=Andy Murray beats Mikhail Youzhny at Wimbledon 2013|website=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=1 July 2013|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> in which he wis tae play Fernando Verdasco, the first left-handed player Murray haed faced syne the [[2012 US Open (tennis)|2012 US Open]]. For the seivent time in his career, Murray haed tae come back frae a deficit o twa sets tae ultimately come throu in five,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/23170595|title=Andy Murray beats Fernando Verdasco at Wimbledon|website=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=3 July 2013|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> settin up a semifinal clash wi 24t seed [[Jerzy Janowicz]], the Pols player wha beat Murray in thair umwhile encounter. Efter Murray failed tae break Janowicz's serve, the Pole teuk the openin set in the tiebreak, follaein a dooble fault frae Murray. Housomiver, Murray managed tae up his level o play, an won the next three sets, makkin it throu tae his seicont consecutive Wimbledon final, an thrid consecutive major final again Novak Djokovic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/23201318|title=Andy Murray beats Jerzy Janowicz in Wimbledon semi-final|website=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=5 July 2013|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> [[File:Murray and the Wimbledon Trophy (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Murray holds the Wimbledon trophy follaein his veectory in the [[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles final|2013 men's final]].]] Despite the Serb bein the favourite tae win the title throughout the Championships, Murray overcame Djokovic in a straucht sets match that lasted ower three oors, tae become the first British winner o the men's singles title syne Fred Perry in 1936, the first [[Scot]] o aither sex tae win a Wimbledon singles title syne Harold Mahony in 1896, an tae extend his winnin streak on gress tae 18 matches.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2013/jul/07/andy-murray-novak-djokovic-live|title=Andy Murray beats Novak Djokovic to win Wimbledon – as it happened|date=7 July 2013|work=The Guardian|accessdate=8 July 2013 |last=Murrells|first=Katy|location=London|publisher=Guardian News and Media}}</ref> Wi the win, he an aa became anly the seicont man in the open era efter Rafael Nadal tae haud the Olympic singles gowd medal an Wimbledon title simultaneously. At the [[2013 US Open – Men's Singles|US Open]], Murray entered a Grand Slam tournament as defendin champion for the first time, an stairtit strangly wi a straucht sets win against [[Michaël Llodra]]. He backed this up wi wins ower [[Leonardo Mayer]], Florian Mayer an [[Denis Istomin]] tae reach the quarterfinals at a major for the 11t straucht tournament. In the last 8, Murray faced Stanislas Wawrinka o Switzerland, but lost in straucht sets, endin Murray's streak o fower consecutive major finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/23966036|title=US Open 2013: Andy Murray beaten by Stanislas Wawrinka|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> Follaein his disappointin run o form on haurd courts, Murray next jynt the [[Great Britain Davis Cup team]] in thair [[2013 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs|World Group Play-off]] tie on clay against [[Croatia Davis Cup team|Croatia]], whaur he played in twa singles an the doubles rubbers. Efter defeatin 16-year-auld [[Borna Ćorić]] in straucht sets, Murray teamed up wi [[Colin Fleming]] tae defeat Croatian number 1 Ivan Dodig an [[Mate Pavić]] in the doubles, an tak a 2–1 lead in the tie. Murray then sealed Britain's return tae the [[2014 Davis Cup World Group|World Group]] bi defeatin Dodig in straucht sets. Follaein the Davis Cup, Murray's saison wis cut short bi his decision tae unnergang surgery, in order tae sort oot the lawer back problems that haed caused him problems syne the early stages o the previous saison. Efter bein forced tae withdraw frae the French Open in Mey, the injury flared up again durin the US Open an later durin the Davis Cup World Group Play-offs, Murray made the decision that surgery wis the best wey tae sort the problem oot for the lang-term.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/239631.html|title=Back surgery set to end Murray's season|date=19 September 2013|work=espn.co.uk|accessdate=20 September 2013|last=staff|first=ESPN|publisher=ESPN|archive-date=2014-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014121118/http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/239631.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Follaein the conclusion o the 2013 saison, Murray wis voted the [[2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award|2013 BBC Sport Personality of the Year]], efter haein been hivy favourite syne the nominees war annoonced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/sports-personality/25386015 |title=Andy Murray wins BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2013 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=15 December 2013 |accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref> === 2014: Recovery from surgery and 30th career title === {{main|2014 Andy Murray tennis season}} Murray stairtit his [[2014 ATP World Tour|saison]] at the [[2014 Qatar ExxonMobil Open|Qatar Open]] in Doha. In the first roond, he defeatit [[Mousa Shanan Zayed]] in straucht sets in 37 minutes wioot droppin a single gemme, but wis defeatit in three sets bi world No. 40 Florian Mayer in the seicont roond, despite bein a set an a break up three gemmes intae the seicont set.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/sports/tennis/261706/nadal-murray-start-season-at-qatar-open|title=Nadal, Murray start season at Qatar Open|accessdate=13 December 2013|archive-date=2013-12-13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131213220644/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/sports/tennis/261706/nadal-murray-start-season-at-qatar-open|url-status=dead}}</ref> He then played a warm-up match at the [[2014 AAMI Classic]] in Kooyong against world No. 43 Lleyton Hewitt, losin in twa close tiebreaks. Murray next heided tae Melbourne for the [[2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2014 Australian Open]], whaur he drew the world No. 112, [[Go Soeda]] o Japan. Despite worries that he wis nae match-fit, Murray got off tae a strang stairt, dispatchin the Japanese number 2 in under 90 minutes, losin juist 5 gemmes in the process. He next went on tae defeat [[Vincent Millot]] an Feliciano López respectively in straucht sets. In the fowert roond, Murray dropped his first set o the tournament on his wey tae beatin [[Stephane Robert]] in fower sets tae set up a meetin wi lang-staundin rival Roger Federer in the quarterfinals. Despite savin twa match pynts tae tak the third set, he ultimately went oot in fower, endin his streak o fower consecutive Australian Open semifinals.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/australian-open-2014-andy-murray-unable-to-stop-roger-federer-who-marches-on-to-semifinal-meeting-with-rafael-nadal-9076809.html |title=Andy Murray unable to stop Roger Federer who marches on to semi-final meeting with Rafael Nadal |newspaper=The Independent |date=22 January 2014 |access-date=2016-06-28 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925232918/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/australian-open-2014-andy-murray-unable-to-stop-roger-federer-who-marches-on-to-semifinal-meeting-with-rafael-nadal-9076809.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> As a result o losin afore the final, Murray fell tae No. 6 in the world, fallin oot o the tap 5 for the first time syne 2008. He neist heidit tae the United States tae compete in the [[2014 Davis Cup World Group#United States vs. Great Britain|Davis Cup World Group]] first roond wi [[Great Britain Davis Cup team|Great Britain]], wha gaed intae the tie as ootsiders. Murray buir the gree i baith o his ties again [[Donald Young (tennis)|Donald Young]] an Sam Querrey respectively, helpin Britain tae thair first Davis Cup quarterfinal syne 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100021080|title=USA vs Great Britain|work=Davis Cup website|accessdate=3 February 2014|archive-date=2014-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125081647/http://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100021080|url-status=dead}}</ref> Murray's next tournament wis the [[2014 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament|Rotterdam Open]] efter receivin a late wild card, housomiver he lost tae Marin Čilić in straucht sets in the quarterfinals. His follaein competeetion, the [[2014 Abierto Mexicano Telcel|Mexican Open]] in Acapulco, endit in a semifinal defeat bi Grigor Dimitrov in a thrillin three-setter that required twa tiebreakers tae decide the final twa sets. At [[2014 BNP Paribas Open – Men's Singles#Section 2|Indian Wells]], Murray struggled in his first twa matches against [[Lukáš Rosol]] an [[Jiří Veselý]] respectively, overcomin baith in close three-set encounters tae set up a fowert roond clash wi Canadian Milos Raonic, which he lost in three sets. Murray offered tae play wi [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles#Finals|2012 Wimbledon Doubles champion]] [[Jonathan Marray]], acause Marray wis unable tae convince anyone tae jyne him on court.<ref name="Wimbledon 2014: Jonny Marray's doubles trouble ends in win as he makes second round with John-Patrick Smith">{{cite news |title= Wimbledon 2014: Jonny Marray's doubles trouble ends in win as he makes second round with John-Patrick Smith|url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/10929416/Wimbledon-2014-Jonny-Marrays-doubles-trouble-ends-in-win-as-he-makes-second-round-with-John-Patrick-Smith.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date= 26 June 2014}}</ref> For Murray an Marray's first competitive match thegither, thay won a doubles clash against [[Gaël Monfils]] an [[Juan Mónaco]] anly tae lose in the [[2014 BNP Paribas Open – Men's Doubles#Bottom half|seicont round]] tae the No 2 seeds [[Alexander Peya]] an [[Bruno Soares]]. In Mairch, Murray split wi coach Ivan Lendl, wha haed been widely praised for helpin Murray achieve his goal o winnin Grand Slam titles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/26646809|title=Andy Murray and coach Ivan Lendl agree mutual split|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=19 March 2014}}</ref> At the [[2014 Miami Masters]], Murray defeatit [[Matthew Ebden]], Feliciano López an Jo Wilfried Tsonga but lost tae Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals. In the [[2014 Davis Cup World Group#Italy vs. Great Britain|Davis Cup quarterfinals]] against Italy, he beat [[Andreas Seppi]] in his first rubber, then teamed up wi Colin Flemin tae win the doubles rubber. Murray haed anly beaten ane tap ten player on clay, Nikolay Davidenko, back in 2009, an sae in his final singles match, wis stunned bi [[Fabio Fognini]] in straucht sets, which teuk Great Britain tae the decidin final rubber. Houiver, in this match his compatriot, [[James Ward (tennis)|James Ward]] wis defeatit bi Andreas Seppi, an aa in straucht sets, knockin Murray an Great Britain oot o the Davis Cup. Murray next competit at the [[2014 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid Open]] an follaein his openin win, ower Nicolas Almagro, he dedicated the veectory tae umwhile player [[Elena Baltacha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/05/19/Madrid-Wednesday-Murray-Tsonga.aspx |title=Andy Murray Edges Nicolas Almagro In Madrid – Tennis |publisher=ATP World Tour |date= |accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Fuller, Russell |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27299893 |title=Andy Murray beats Nicolas Almagro at Madrid Masters |work=BBC Sport |date=7 May 2014 |accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref> He then lost tae qualifier [[Santiago Giraldo]] in the follaein roond. Murray then reached the quarter-finals o the [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Rome Masters]] whaur he lost tae world No. 1 Rafael Nadal in a tight match in which he haed been up a break in the final set.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27450843 |title=Rafael Nadal beats Andy Murray in Italian Open quarter-final |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=16 May 2014 |accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref> At the [[2014 French Open|French Open]], Murray defeatit [[Andrey Golubev]] an Marinko Matosevic afore edgin oot 28t seed Philipp Kohlschreiber 12–10 in the final set. This wis the first time Murray haed ever gone beyond 7–5 in a decidin set.<ref>{{cite web|last=Newbery |first=Piers |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27655396 |title=Andy Murray beats Philipp Kohlschreiber at French Open |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=1 June 2014 |accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref> He followed this up wi a straucht sets win ower Fernando Verdasco an then recorded a five set veectory ower Frenchman Gaël Monfils in the quarter-final, which saw Murray rise tae world No. 5 an equal his best ever [[French Open]] bi reachin the semi-finals. Houiver, he subsequently lost tae Rafael Nadal in straucht sets, winnin anly 6 gemmes in the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27734725 |title=Andy Murray beaten by Rafael Nadal in French Open semi-final |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=6 June 2014}}</ref> Efter losin the 2014 French Open semi-finals tae Nadal, Murray appyntit umwhile women's world No. 1, an twa-times slam titlist, [[Amelie Mauresmo|Amélie Mauresmo]] as his coach<ref>{{cite web|author=Fuller, Russell |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27753849 |title=Andy Murray appoints Amelie Mauresmo as coach |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date= |accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref> in a 'historic muive' which made Mauresmo the first woman tae coach a tap male tennis player.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/jun/08/andy-murray-amelie-mauresmo-coach 'Andy Murray appoints Amélie Mauresmo as his new coach'], ''[[The Guardian]]'' (London), 8 June 2014.</ref> Efter strang gress court seasons in 2012 an 2013, Murray wis seedit thrid for the 2014 Wimbledon Championship, behind Novak Djokovic an Rafael Nadal, wha wis seedit first an seicont respectively.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27889167 'Wimbledon:Andy Murray third seed behind Djokovic & Nadal'], "[[BBC Sport]]", 19 June 2014.</ref> He began his title defence wi straucht sets wins ower [[David Goffin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27977150|title=Wimbledon 2014: Andy Murray beats David Goffin in round one|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> an [[Blaž Rola]], defeatin the latter for the loss o juist twa gemmes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28020836|title=Andy Murray beats Blaz Rola in Wimbledon second round|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> Murray continued his good form, defeatin [[Roberto Bautista Agut]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28038906|title=Andy Murray beats Roberto Bautista Agut at Wimbledon|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> an Kevin Anderson,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28071971|title=Andy Murray beats Kevin Anderson under Wimbledon roof|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> the 27t an 20t seeds, again in straucht sets tae reach his seivent consecutive Wimbledon quarterfinal. Murray's defence then came tae a halt as Grigor Dimitrov ended his 17 match winnin-streak on the gress o Wimbledon (this includes the 2012 Olympics) wi a straucht sets win, meanin Murray failed tae reach the semi-finals for the first time syne 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28110931|title=Andy Murray loses to Grigor Dimitrov in Wimbledon quarters|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> Efter his defeat at the Championships, Murray dropped tae 10t in the world, his lowest rankin syne 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28142258|title=Andy Murray: World ranking drops to 10th – lowest since 2008|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> Prior tae the North American haurd court swing, Murray annoonced he wis stendin his partnership wi Amélie Mauresmo til the end o the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]], but wis ideally leukin for a lang-term deal.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-looking-for-longterm-deal-with-coach-amelie-mauresmo-9647833.html |title=Andy Murray looking for long-term deal with coach Amelie Mauresmo |last=Newman |first=Paul |work=The Independent |date=4 August 2014 |accessdate=16 August 2014 |location=London |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925232904/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-looking-for-longterm-deal-with-coach-amelie-mauresmo-9647833.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He an aa revealed he haed anly juist returned tae a fou trainin schedule follaein his back surgery last September.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28654658|title=Andy Murray: British number one able to train fully again|work=BBC Sport|date=5 August 2014|accessdate=16 August 2014}}</ref> Murray reached back-tae-back quarter-finals at the [[2014 Rogers Cup|Canadian Open]] an [[2014 Western & Southern Open|Cincinnati Masters]], losin tae eventual champions Jo Wilfried Tsonga,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.si.com/tennis/2014/08/10/jo-wilfried-tsonga-beats-roger-federer-win-rogers-cup|title=Jo-Wilfried Tsonga beats Roger Federer to win Rogers Cup|website=Sports Illustrated|last=Nguyen|first=Courtney|date=10 August 2014|accessdate=16 August 2014}}</ref> efter bein a break up in the decider,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28713089|title=Rogers Cup: Andy Murray beaten by Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in Toronto|work=BBC Sport|date=8 August 2014|accessdate=16 August 2014}}</ref> an Roger Federer, efter bein twa breaks up in the seicont set, respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/28813820|title=Andy Murray beaten by Roger Federer in Cincinnati|work=BBC Sport|date=16 August 2014|accessdate=16 August 2014}}</ref> He then made it tae the quarterfinals o the [[2014 US Open (tennis)|2014 US Open]], losin tae Novak Djokovic, efter earnin his first tap ten win o the year in the previous roond against Jo Wilfried Tsonga.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/29023290|title=US Open: Andy Murray beats Tsonga to reach last eight|last=Newbury|first=Piers|website=BBC Sport|date=1 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> This wis the first saison syne 2009 whaur Murray failed tae reach a grand slam final. As a consequence Murray fell ootside o the tap 10 rankin places for the first time syne Juin 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/342009.html|title=Murray drops out of world's top 10|website=ESPN|date=9 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Murray teuk a wildcard intae the inaugural [[2014 ATP Shenzhen Open|Shenzhen Open]] in China, enterin as the number 2 seed. Victories ower [[Somdev Devvarman]], [[Lukáš Lacko]] an Juan Mónaco saw Murray reak his first final o the saison, breakin a drocht o 14 month follaein his title at Wimbledon. In the final he faced Tommy Robredo o Spain, the seicont final atween the twa. Efter savin five championship pynts in the seicont set tie break, Murray went on tae win the title in three sets, Robredo's drop in fitness ultimately provin decisive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/09/39/Shenzhen-Final-Murray-Robredo.aspx|title=MURRAY SAVES 5 MATCH POINTS FOR SHENZHEN CROWN|publisher=ATP Website|accessdate=28 September 2014}}</ref> He then teuk his good form intae [[2014 China Open (tennis)|Beijing]], whaur he reached the semifinals afore losin tae Djokovic in straucht sets,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/news/djokovic-downs-murray-beijing-073504102--ten.html|title=Djokovic downs Murray in Beijing|website=Yahoo sports|date=4 October 2014|accessdate=20 October 2014|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031519/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/djokovic-downs-murray-beijing-073504102--ten.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> houiver he lost in the third roond at the [[2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters|Shanghai Masters]] tae David Ferrer despite bein a set up.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/29548360|title=Andy Murray loses to David Ferrer at Shanghai Masters|work=BBC Sport|date=9 October 2014|accessdate=20 October 2014}}</ref> Follaein his early exit in Shanghai, Murray teuk a wildcard intae the [[2014 Erste Bank Open|Vienna Open]] in an attempt tae claim a place at the [[2014 ATP World Tour Finals|ATP World Tour Finals]]. He reached the final, whaur he ance again faced Ferrer, an triumphed in three sets for his seicont title o the saison, an the 30t o his career.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/10/19/tennis-men-vienna-results-idUKISS06346720141019|title=Tennis-Vienna Open men's singles final result|accessdate=20 October 2014|archive-date=2014-10-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141019150011/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/10/19/tennis-men-vienna-results-idUKISS06346720141019|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20141019150011/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/10/19/tennis-men-vienna-results-idUKISS06346720141019 |date=2014-10-19 }}</ref> Murray defeatit Ferrer again in the semi-finals o the [[Valencia Open 500|Valencia Open]] tae muive intae his third final in five weeks, an faur strengthen his bid for a place at the saison finale in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/29772603|title=Andy Murray beats David Ferrer to reach Valencia Open final|work=BBC Sport|date=25 October 2014|accessdate=25 October 2014}}</ref> In a repeat o the Shenzhen Open final, Murray again saved five championship pynts as he overcame Tommy Robredo in three sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/murray-outlasts-robredo-win-valencia-title-190947464--ten.html|title=Murray outlasts Robredo to win Valencia title|work=Yahoo News|date=26 October 2014|accessdate=26 October 2014}}</ref> Murray then went on tae reak the quarter-finals o the [[2014 BNP Paribas Masters|Paris Masters]], whaur he wis eliminate bi Djokovic in whit wis his 23rd match in the space o anly 37 day.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/29858134|title=Andy Murray loses to Novak Djokovic in Paris Masters|work=BBC Sport|date=31 October 2014|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref> Housomiver, his win ower Dimitrov in the third roond haed awready guaranteed him a spot at the ATP World Tour Finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/oct/30/andy-murray-grigor-dimitrov-paris-atp-tour-finals|title=Andy Murray beats Grigor Dimitrov to qualify for ATP Tour Finals|website=The Guardian|last=Steinberg|first=Jacob|date=30 October 2014|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref> At the [[2014 ATP World Tour Finals|ATP World Tour Finals]], Murray lost his openin roond robin match tae [[Kei Nishikori]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/09/andy-murray-kei-nishikori-atp-tour-finals|title=Andy Murray loses to Kei Nishikori in ATP Tour finals opener|work=The Guardian|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=9 November 2014 |accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> but won his seicont match against Milos Raonic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/11/andy-murray-beats-milos-raonic-atp-tour-finals|title=Andy Murray beats Milos Raonic in straight sets at ATP Tour Finals|website=The Guardian|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=11 November 2014 |accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> Houiver, he lost his final group match agin Federer in straucht sets an anly managed tae win ane gemme agin him, merkin his worst defeat syne lossin tae Djokovic in the [[2007 Miami Masters]], eliminatin him frae the tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/30046849|title=Andy Murray knocked out of World Tour Finals by Roger Federer|work=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=13 November 2014|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> Despite the loss, his late-saison run haed already propelled him back up the rankings tae No. 6 in the world, his best rankin syne Juin. Follaein the conclusion o the saison, Murray mutually greed a split wi lang-term backroom staff, trainin pairtner [[Daniel Vallverdu|Dani Vallverdu]] an fitness coach Jez Green. Thay haed been wi him for five an seiven year respectively but were baith reportit tae hae been unhappy at the lack o consultation thay haed been gien aboot the appointment o Mauresmo.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/26/andy-murray-split-dani-vallverdu-jez-green|title=Andy Murray splits with long-time allies Dani Vallverdu and Jez Green|work=The Guardian|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|date=26 November 2014|accessdate=5 December 2014}}</ref> Murray forby teuk pairt in the inaugural saison o the [[International Premier Tennis League]], representin the [[Manila Mavericks]], wha haed drafted him as an icon player in Februar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/26388728|title=Andy Murray joins International Premier Tennis League|work=BBC Sport|date=28 February 2014|accessdate=5 December 2014}}</ref> Murray teuk pairt in the first three matches o the tournament which war all played in [[Manila]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/30247376|title=Andy Murray teams up with Maria Sharapova on IPTL debut|work=BBC Sport|date=28 November 2014|accessdate=5 December 2014}}</ref> === 2015: Fourth Australian Open final, first clay titles and Davis Cup champion=== [[File:2015 Australian Open - Andy Murray 3.jpg|205px|thumb|left|Murray at the 2015 Australian Open]] {{main|2015 Andy Murray tennis season}} Murray began his year bi winnin an [[2015 Mubadala World Tennis Championship|exhibition]] event in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/30666557|title=Andy Murray wins title after Novak Djokovic withdraws in Abu Dhabi|work=BBC Sport|date=3 January 2015|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref> He then played the [[2015 Hopman Cup|Hopman Cup]] wi [[Heather Watson]] and, despite winnin all his singles matches in straucht sets, thay finished seicont in thair group behind [[Poland at the Hopman Cup|Poland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-09/dellacqua-loses-to-watson-in-last-hopman-cup-tie/6009836|title=Hopman Cup: Great Britain too good for Australia as Andy Murray and Heather Watson score straight-sets wins over Marinko Matosevic and Casey Dellacqua|website=abc|date=9 January 2015|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref> His first competitive tournament o the year wis the [[2015 Australian Open|Australian Open]]. He won his appenin three match in straucht sets afore defeatin 11t seed Grigor Dimitrov tae reak the quarter-final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/30973337|title=Andy Murray beats Grigor Dimitrov to make Australian Open quarters|work=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=25 January 2015|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref> Wins ower [[Nick Kyrgios]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/31000718|title=Australian Open: Andy Murray beats Nick Kyrgios in last eight|work=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=27 January 2015|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref> an Tomáš Berdych follaed as Murray reakit his fowert final at the tournament (three o whilk wis agin Djokovic) an the aicht grand slam final o his career.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/31042458|title=Andy Murray in Australian Open final after beating Tomas Berdych|work=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=29 January 2015|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref> He lost the final tae Novak Djokovic in fower sets,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/31073438|title=Novak Djokovic beats Andy Murray to win fifth Australian Open title|work=BBC Sport|last=Newbery|first=Piers|date=1 February 2015|accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref> houiver his run tae the final saw his return tae the tap fower in the world rankings for the first time in 12 month.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/local-sport/andy-murray-returns-top-four-5102294|title=Andy Murray returns to top four|work=Daily Record|last= Jones |first=Gareth Iwan|date=4 February 2015|accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref> Murray neist participated in the [[2015 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament – Singles|Rotterdam Open]] as the tap seed, but he lost in the quarterfinals tae Gilles Simon wha endit a 12 match lossin streak agin Murray.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2015/February/Simon-Snaps-12-Match-Losing-Streak-vs-Murray-in-R.aspx|title=Simon Snaps 12-Match Losing Streak vs. Murray in Rotterdam|work=Tennis Now|last=Oddo|first=Chris|date=13 February 2015|accessdate=16 February 2015|archive-date=2016-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327145943/http://tennisnow.com/News/2015/February/Simon-Snaps-12-Match-Losing-Streak-vs-Murray-in-R.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Murray then played in the [[2015 Dubai Tennis Championships – Men's Singles|Dubai Championships]] but suffert anither quarterfinal defeat tae 18-year-auld Borna Ćorić an as a eftercast, Murray slipped tae No. 5 in the world rankins ahint Rafael Nadal an Kei Nishikori.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/feb/26/andy-murray-loses-borna-coric-dubai|title=Andy Murray beaten in straight sets by teenager Borna Coric in Dubai|work=The Guardian|date=26 February 2015|accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www1.skysports.com/tennis/news/12040/9739726/andy-murray-slips-behind-kei-nishikori-in-the-latest-world-rankings|title=Andy Murray slips behind Kei Nishikori in the latest world rankings|work=Sky Sports|date=2 March 2015|accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref> Afterwards, Murray played the [[2015 Davis Cup World Group|Davis Cup World Group]] in [[Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome|Glasgow]] against the [[United States Davis Cup team|United States]]. He won baith his matches agin Donald Young an [[John Isner]], allouin [[Great Britain Davis Cup team|Great Britain]] tae progress tae the quarterfinals for the seicont consecutive time wi a 3–2 lead ower the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/31784058|title=Davis Cup: Andy Murray wins to wrap up GB victory over USA|work=BBC Sport|date=8 March 2015|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref> [[File:Andy Murray and Jonas Björkman 2, Aegon Championships, London, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|right|Murray wi new coach Jonas Björkman during practice at the 2015 [[Aegon Championships]].]] Murray then reached the semifinals o the [[2015 BNP Paribas Open – Men's Singles|2015 Indian Wells]], owertakin [[Tim Henman]]'s record o 496 career wins tae hae the maist career wins for a British man in the Open Era.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/news/tennis-murray-sets-new-milestone-way-indian-wells-232109326--ten.html|title=Tennis – Murray sets new milestone on way to Indian Wells semi-finals|work=Yahoo Sport|date=19 March 2015|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> Housomiver, he suffered a 6t consecutive defeat tae Djokovic in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/32004366|title=Andy Murray loses to Novak Djokovic in Indian Wells semi-final|work=BBC Sport|date=21 March 2015|accessdate=23 March 2015}}</ref> Murray then reakit the [[2015 Miami Open]] final, recordin his 500th career win alang the wey tae become the first British player tae hae 500 or mair wins in the Open Era.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray beats Kevin Anderson to reach 500 career wins|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/32135605|work=BBC Sport|date=31 March 2015|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref> He went on tae lose the final tae Djokovic, this time in three sets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray loses Miami Open final to Novak Djokovic|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/11517514/Andy-Murray-loses-Miami-Open-final-to-Novak-Djokovic.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=5 April 2015|accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref> Murray added [[Jonas Björkman]] tae his coachin staff in Mairch initially on a five-week trail tae help oot in periods when Mauresmo wis unavailable as she anly agreed tae wirk wi him for 25 weeks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/11464204/Andy-Murray-to-hire-Jonas-Bjorkman-when-hes-finished-with-Swedens-answer-to-Strictly-Come-Dancing.html|title=Andy Murray to hire Jonas Bjorkman – when he's finished with Sweden's answer to 'Strictly Come Dancing'|date=11 March 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Housomiver, at the Australian Open end, Mauresmo haed informed Murray that she wis pregnant an he annoonced at the end o Aprile, that Björkman wad be his main coach for aw o the gress court saison an aw o the US haurd court swing, while Mauresmo wad anly be wi the team for Wimbledon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/apr/26/andy-murray-jonas-bjorkman-coach|title=Andy Murray adds to Bjorkman burden while Mauresmo prepares for birth|author=Cambers, Simon|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Murray won his first ATP clay court title at the [[2015 BMW Open]]. He defeatit German Philipp Kohlschreiber in three close sets tae become the first Briton syne [[Buster Mottram]] in 1976 tae win a tour level clay court event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2015/05/murray-wins-bmw-open-for-1st-clay-court-title/54819/#.VUdycfmqqkq|title=Murray wins BMW Open for first clay-court title|publisher=tennis.com|date=4 May 2015|accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2015/05/18/Munich-Final-Murray-Kohlschreiber.aspx|title=ATP World Tour|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref> The follaein week, he reakit his seicont final on clay, at the [[2015 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid Open]] efter recordin anly his seicont an third victories ower tap 10 opposition on clay, agin Raonic an Nishikori.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2015/05/18/Madrid-Friday-Murray-Raonic-Nishikori-Ferrer.aspx|title=ATP World Tour|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2015/05/18/Madrid-Final-Preview-Nadal-Murray.aspx|title=ATP World Tour|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref> In the final, he defeatit Rafael Nadal in straucht sets for his first Madrid title on clay, an first ever clay court Masters 1000 title. The win wis Murray's first ower Nadal, Federer or Djokovic syne Wimbledon 2013, an his first ower Nadal on a clay court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2015/05/18/Madrid-Final-Murray-Nadal.aspx|title=ATP World Tour|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/32683988|title=Andy Murray beats Rafael Nadal to win Madrid Masters final|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Murray conteenad his winnin streak at the [[2015 Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Italian Open]], beatin Jeremy Chardy in straucht sets in his openin match, but then withdrew due tae fatigue efter haein played nine matches in the space o ten day. Murray then reakit his third semifinal at the [[2015 French Open – Men's Singles|French Open]], but lost tae Djokovic in five set efter threatenin a comeback frae twa set tae luve doun, endin his 15 match winnin streak on clay.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/33034999|title=French Open: Novak Djokovic beats Andy Murray to reach final|author=Piers Newbery|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Tae stairt his gress court campaign, Murray went on tae win a record tyin fowert Queen's Club title, defeatin the big servin South African Kevin Anderson in straucht sets in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/33215534|title=Andy Murray wins fourth Queen's Club title with two wins in a day|author=Piers Newbery|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> At the third grand slam o the year, the [[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2015 Wimbledon Championships]], Murray drappit anly twa set on his wey tae settin up a semifinal clash wi Roger Federer. Mony fowk saw Murray as the favourite due tae his racent form, housomiver he lost tae the Swiss veteran in straucht sets, gainin anly ane break pynt in the hail match. Efter Wimbledon, Murray returned tae Queen's Club, tae play for Great Britain against [[France Davis Cup team|France]] in thair Davis Cup quarterfinal tie. Great Britain went 1–0 doun when James Ward lost tae Gilles Simon in straucht sets, housomiver Murray levelled the tie wi a veectory agin Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. Murray then teamed up wi his brither Jamie tae win the doubles rubber, comin back frae a set doun tae defeat Tsonga an Nicolas Mahut in fower sets, giein Britain a crucial 2–1 lead gaun intae the final day. He then faced Simon in the fowert rubber an efter initially bein a set an a break doun, he suddent foond his form again taewart the end o the seicont set an eventually won in fower sets, winnin 12 o the last 15 gemmes in the process (wi Simon strugglin frae an ankle injury). Wi a 3–1 lead ower France, this resulted in Great Britain reachin thair first Davis Cup semifinal syne 1981. Murray neist participated at the [[2015 Citi Open|Citi Open]] (for the first time syne [[2006 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Singles|2006]]), as the tap seed an favourite tae win the tournament. Housomiver, he suffered a defeat in his first match, lossin tae warld No. 53 [[Teymuraz Gabashvili]] in a final set tiebreak, in maugre o servin for the match. In doobles, he pairtnered [[Daniel Nestor]], houiver thay lost in the first roond tae the fowert seeds, [[Rohan Bopanna]] an [[Florin Mergea]], again in three sets. He bounced back frae this defeat bi winnin the [[2015 Rogers Cup – Men's Singles|Montreal Masters Rogers Cup]], defeatin Tsonga an Nishikori in the quarter-finals an semifinals respectively. He then prevailed in the final against Djokovic in three sets. This broke his aicht-match, twa-year losin streak against Djokovic, his last win against him bein in the finals o Wimbledon in 2013. Winnin the title, he forby surpassed Federer in terms o ranking, acomin the warld No. 2 for the first time in ower twa year. In doobles, he pairtnered Leander Paes an thay won thair first match agin Chardy an Anderson, but war then defeatit bi Murray's brither Jamie an [[John Peers]] in twa sets - the first time the Murrays haed competit agin ilk anither in a Tour-level match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportinglife.com/tennis/news/article/552/9948672/andy-murray-loses-to-brother-jamie-in-montreal-doubles-encounter|title=Jamie claims bragging rights|publisher=Sporting Life|date=14 August 2015|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-date=2016-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307230547/http://www.sportinglife.com/tennis/news/article/552/9948672/andy-murray-loses-to-brother-jamie-in-montreal-doubles-encounter|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the seicont Master Series tournament o the US Haurd Court saison, the [[2015 Western & Southern Open|Cincinnati Masters]], Murray defeatit veteran Mardy Fish in the seicont roond, an then beat baith Grigor Dimitrov an Richard Gasquet in three-set matches, haein tae come frae a set doun on baith occasions, while Dimitrov haed served for the match in the decidin set. In the semifinal, he lost tae defendin champion Roger Federer in straucht sets, an efter Federer went on tae win the tournament, this eftercast saw Murray return tae the No. 3 rankin an seedin for the [[2015 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. At the US Open, Murray beat Nick Kyrgios in fower sets afore beatin [[Adrian Mannarino]] in five sets efter bein twa sets doun, equalin Federer for winnin aicht matches frae twa sets tae luve doun. He then beat [[Thomaz Bellucci]] in straucht sets but suffered a defeat in the fowert roond tae Kevin Anderson in fower sets. This ended Murray's five-year run o 18 consecutive Grand Slam quarterfinals (nae countin his withdrawal frae the [[2013 French Open – Men's Singles|2013 French Open]]) syne his third roond loss tae Stan Wawrinka in the [[2010 US Open – Men's Singles|2010 US Open]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/34181866|title=Andy Murray beaten by Kevin Anderson in US Open fourth round|date=8 September 2015|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> Playin against Australie in the semifinals o the [[2015 Davis Cup World Group|Davis Cup World Group]] in Glesga, Murray won baith his singles rubbers in straucht sets, against [[Thanasi Kokkinakis]] an [[Bernard Tomic]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/20/andy-murray-davis-cup-great-britain-australia|title=Andy Murray beats body and Bernard Tomic to put GB in Davis Cup final|date=20 September 2015|work=The Guardian|location=London|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref> He an aa pairtnered his brither Jamie, an thay won in five sets against the pairin o [[Sam Groth]] an Lleyton Hewitt, the results guidin [[Great Britain Davis Cup team|Great Britain]] tae the [[2015 Davis Cup World Group#Belgium vs. Great Britain|Davis Cup final]] for the first time syne 1978 wi a 3–2 lead ower Australie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/34307981|title=Andy Murray puts Great Britain into Davis Cup final|work=BBC Sport|date=19 September 2015}}</ref> Efter lossin in the semifinals o the [[Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai Masters]] tae Djokovic in straucht sets, Murray reached the finals o the [[2015 BNP Paribas Masters – Singles|Paris Masters]] for the lost o juist ane set, wi victories against Borna Ćorić, David Goffin an David Ferrer. Efter a three set win ower Richard Gasquet, he jynt Novak Djokovic, Roger Federer an Rafael Nadal as the anly players tae reach the semi-finals (or better) at all nine o the [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000]] tournaments, an an aa ensured that he compiled his best match record in a single saison.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/murray-battles-into-paris-2015-semi-finals|title=Murray Ends French Hopes, Battles Into Paris SFs|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref> He then lost the final tae Djokovic again in straucht sets. As the world No. 2, Murray participated in the [[World Tour Finals|ATP World Tour Finals in London]], an wis drawn intae the [[Ilie Năstase]] group wi David Ferrer, Rafael Nadal an Stan Wawrinka. He went oot in the roond-robin stage, efter defeatin Ferrer an losin tae Nadal an Wawrinka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/14203474/atp-world-tour-finals-novak-djokovic-rest|title=ATP World Tour Finals - It's Novak Djokovic and the rest|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> Houiver, efter Federer failed tae win the tournament, he finished the saison as world No. 2 for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/murray-davis-cup-preview-2015-final|title=murray davis cup preview 2015 final - ATP World Tour - Tennis|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref> In the Davis Cup final, Murray's veectory ower [[Ruben Bemelmans]] in straucht sets pulled Great Britain level in the final efter [[Kyle Edmund]] haed lost the first singles rubber in five sets, played on indoor clay courts at Ghent. He then pairtnered his brither Jamie in a fower-set veectory ower the pairin o [[Steve Darcis]] an David Goffin, afore defeatin Goffin again in the reverse singles on Sunday, sicweys ensurin a 3–1 veectory for Great Britain, thair first Davis Cup title syne [[1936 Davis Cup|1936]] an thair tenth oweraw.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport//tennis/34957711|title=Andy Murray wins the Davis Cup for Great Britain|work=BBC Sport|date=29 November 2015|accessdate=29 November 2015}}</ref> Murray an aa became anly the third person syne the current Davis Cup format wis introduced tae win all aicht o his singles rubbers in a Davis Cup saison, efter [[John McEnroe]] an [[Mats Wilander]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/nov/29/andy-murray-davis-cup-great-britain|title=Andy Murray beats Goffin to seal first Davis Cup for Great Britain in 79 years|work=The Guardian|date=29 November 2015|accessdate=29 November 2015}}</ref> === 2016: Fifth Australian Open final, first Rome title, first French Open final=== {{main|2016 Andy Murray tennis season}} Murray began his 2016 saison bi playin in the [[2016 Hopman Cup|Hopman Cup]], pairin up wi Heather Watson again. Houiver, thay finished seicont in thair group efter losin thair tie tae eventual champions Nick Kyrgios an [[Daria Gavrilova]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/35243110|title=Andy Murray & Heather Watson lose to Australia in Hopman Cup|work=BBC Sport|date=6 January 2016|accessdate=14 February 2016}}</ref> Murray then played his first competitive tournament o 2016 at the [[Australian Open]] whaur he wis aimin tae win his first title thare efter fower runner-up finishes. He went on tae reach his fift Australian Open final wi victories ower [[Alexander Zverev Jr.|Alexander Zverev]], Sam Groth, João Sousa, Bernard Tomic, David Ferrer an Milos Raonic, droppin fower sets alang the wey. Housomiver, in a rematch o the previous year final, he cudnae tae win his first title as he lost in the final tae an in-form Novak Djokovic (wha won a record-equalin saxt title) in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/35453531|title=Novak Djokovic beats Andy Murray to win sixth Australian Open title|work=BBC Sport|date=31 January 2016|accessdate=14 February 2016}}</ref> Murray beat Djokovic in straucht sets at the Italian Open. This wis his first win ower Djokovic on clay an becam the first British player syne [[Virginia Wade]] in 1971 tae win the title an the first British man syne [[George Patrick Hughes]] in 1931.<ref>{{cite web|title=Andy Murray beats Novak Djokovic to win first Italian Open title|url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/36297221|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=7 June 2016|date=15 May 2016}}</ref> Murray then muived on tae the [[2016 French Open|French Open]] whaur he struggled in the openin roonds comin throu twa five-set matches agin Radek Stepanek an French wildcard [[Mathias Bourgue]]. He came throu in straucht sets agin big servers Ivo Karlovic an John Isner tae reak the quarterfinals whaur he beat hame favourite Richard Gasquet tae set up a semifinal clash agin defendin champion Stanislas Wawrinka. Murray defeatit Wawrinka in fower sets tae become the first British player syne [[Bunny Austin]] in 1937, tae reach a French Open final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/36447728|title=Andy Murray beats Stan Wawrinka to reach his first French Open final|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=3 June 2016}}</ref> He wis unable tae win his maiden French Open final, losin tae Djokovic in fower sets. He won his seicont Wimbledon an Olympic titles later in the year, an became Warld No. 1 in November. <!--- DO NOT WRITE SCORES IN PROSE---> == National representation == === Davis Cup === ==== 2005 ==== Murray made his Davis Cup debut for [[Great Britain Davis Cup team|Great Britain]] in the [[2005 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I#Great Britain vs. Israel|Europe/Africa Zone Group 1 2nt Round against Israel]] in 2005 at 17 years o age, the youngest ever player for Great Britain.<ref name="Youngest"/> He teamed up wi fellae debutant [[David Sherwood]] an came oot victorious in the crucial doubles rubber against the experienced [[Jonathan Erlich]] an [[Andy Ram]], that helped Great Britain advance 3–2. In September, Murray played his debut singles match for the Davis Cup in the [[2005 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs#Switzerland vs. Great Britain|World Group Play-off against Switzerland]] in Geneva on clay wi [[Greg Rusedski]], [[Alan Mackin (tennis)|Alan Mackin]] an [[David Sherwood]]. Captain Jeremy Bates surprised everyone bi namin Andy Murray as the British No 1 an Alan Mackin as British No 2. Under the Davis Cup rules, this meant that for Friday’s singles, Murray played the Swiss No 2, [[Stan Wawrinka]] while Mackin played the Swiss No 1, [[Roger Federer]]. Baith o them lost thair rubbers, giein Switzerland a 2–0 lead. Unner the rules, for Sunday’s reverse singles, Bates wad cud tae substitute Mackin wi Greg Rusedski, sae that Rusedski wad play Wawrinka, while Murray played Federer. Houiver, Bates believed that Federer wis virtually wanbeatable acause he wis on a winnin streak an haedn’t lost syne Juin,<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4454264.stm|title= Epic Nalbandian ends Federer run|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=20 November 2005}}</ref> an consequently Britain gambled on beatin Wawrinka twice, wi Murray playin Wawrinka whan he wis freshest. In the doobles, Murray/Rusedski played Federer an [[Yves Allegro]], leavin Rusedski tae play anly ance.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4271030.stm|title=Brits spring Davis Cup surprise|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=23 September 2005}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100006618|title=2005 World Group Play Off – Tie Details|website=www.daviscup.com|publisher=[[International Tennis Federation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322024308/http://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100006618|archive-date=22 March 2016|access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref> The British tactics came tae nocht as Swisserland won the doobles rubber as weel, gainin un unassailable 3–0 lead efter twa the days. Alan Mackin an David Sherwood war consequently nominated for the dead singles rubbers losin baith o them, wi a eftercast o a clean sweep for Swisserland.<ref name=":0" /> ==== 2006 ==== For the [[2006 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I#Great Britain vs. Serbia and Montenegro|Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Serbia and Montenegro]], Murray haed been sufferin wi a bacterial infection, sae he wis restricted tae playin the doubles alongside [[Greg Rusedski]], which thay lost.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4836938.stm|title=Murray out of opening GB singles|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=6 April 2006}}</ref> Wi [[Arvind Parmar]] an aa losin in the singles, Great Britain war beaten 3-2. In the same week as the relegation 1st roond play-off [[2006 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I#Israel vs. Great Britain|against Israel]], Murray wis offeecially entered for the ATP tournament in Indianapolis, sparkin fears aboot his commitment. Thare wis a controversial muive bi the [[Lawn Tennis Association]] tae pey £500,000 taewart Murray's neist coach's cost, Brad Gilbert as a wey o securin Murray's lang-term services for the Davis Cup team.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6168516.stm|title=Is the LTA spending too much? |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=22 November 2006}}</ref> In the event, Murray played, winnin his first singles. Housomiver he lost the doubles wi [[Jamie Delgado]], durin which Murray damaged his shouder an neck. He wis diagnosed wi whiplash, causin him tae sit oot the final day’s singles, an eventually Great Britain war beaten 3-2 tae proceed tae the relegation 2nt roond play-off against Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/5207776.stm|title=Davis Cup photos|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=23 July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.the-claim-solicitors.co.uk/whiplash/News%20-%20Tennis-start-diagnosed-with-whiplash-injury.htm|title=Tennis star Andrew Murray told to rest for ATP Tour|work=The Claim Solicitors|accessdate=26 March 2016|archive-date=2016-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005004315/http://www.the-claim-solicitors.co.uk/whiplash/News%20-%20Tennis-start-diagnosed-with-whiplash-injury.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wi Murray an Greg Rusedski playin, Great Britain [[2006 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I#Great Britain vs. Ukraine|beat Ukraine 3-2]], tae stay in Group I. ==== 2007 ==== In the [[2007 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I#Great Britain vs. Netherlands|tie against the Netherlands]], Andy Murray an Tim Henman won the openin singles, then Jamie Murray an Greg Rusedski won the doubles tae secure veectory. Rusedski annoonced his retirement on the doubles court.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6535533.stm|title=Davis Cup - GB v Netherlands|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=7 April 2007}}</ref> In the run up tae [[2007 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs#Great Britain vs. Croatia|World Group play-off against Croatia]], Tim Henman haed annoonced he wad retire efter this match. Murray said "I'm not going to want to let the team down or let Tim down, I'd feel terrible if I was the one that was responsible for losing Tim's last tie. This means a lot to me and it's definitely going to be the biggest Davis Cup match of my career." <ref name="2007 wrist injury"/> "Everyone is going to want to win for Tim. I'm hoping the way I play will show him what his career meant to my development and me."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/sep/03/tennis.usopentennis2007|title=Now I just want to do right by Henman, says beaten Murray |newspaper=Guardian|date=3 September 2007}}</ref> Great Britain beat Croatia 4-1 tae qualify for the World Group in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7009296.stml|title=Davis Cup - GB v Croatia|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=23 September 2007}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Efter the retirement o Tim Henman an Greg Rusedski, the Davis Cup team wis nou dependent on Murray haein tae win three matches, tho Henman haed telt him hou wearin an time consumin that can be. While the LTA wis fundin Brad Gilbert, Murray wis obligate tae play for his kintra, but in November, Murray finished wi Brad Gilbert as his coach.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/after-dumping-his-coach-is-ruthless-murray-ready-to-turn-his-back-on-his-country-6648009.html|title=After dumping his coach, is ruthless Murray ready to turn his back on his country?|newspaper=Evening Standard|date=17 November 2007}}</ref> ==== 2008 ==== Murray skippit the World Group 1st roond tie agin [[2008 Davis Cup World Group#Argentina vs. Great Britain|Argentina]], ower fears he coud exacerbate a knee injury, leavin the British team in a hopeless situation - thay lost 4-1. Jamie wis furious that Andy wis lettin them doun an the Murrays wad nae speak tae ilk ither for twa week.<ref name="Andy and Jamie's feud Telegraph">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/daviscup/2291178/Jamie-and-Andy-Murray-at-war-over-Davis-Cup.html|title=Jamie and Andy Murray at war over Davis Cup|newspaper=Telegraph|date=7 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/feb/13/tennis.andymurray|title=Murray brothers yet to speak as Andy returns fire over Davis Cup |newspaper=Guardian|date=13 February 2008}}</ref> Seeven month later, as the brithers prepared for the tie against Austria, Andy declared that he haed healed the rift wi Jamie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-brothers-to-end-feud-ahead-337935|title=Murray brothers to end feud ahead of Davis Cup clash|newspaper=Mirror|date=16 September 2008}}</ref> When Jamie Murray an Ross Hutchins war beaten in the doubles, John Lloyd suffered criticism for nae playin Andy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Great Britain relegated after Bogdanovic defeat|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/sep/21/daviscup.tennis|newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 September 2008}}</ref> Great Britain lost thair [[2008 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs#Great Britain vs. Austria|World Group play-off tae Austria 3-2]] an war relegated tae Europe/Africa Zone Group I. ==== 2009 ==== Murray withdrew frae the tie against Ukraine efter failin tae shake aff a virus,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/mar/02/murray-davis-cup|title=Murray confirms withdrawal from Ukraine tie|newspaper=Guardian|date=2 March 2009}}</ref> an [[2009 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I#Ukraine vs. Great Britain|Great Britain lost 4-1.]] Murray suffered an injury tae his left wrist at the US Open,<ref name="Wrist injury US Open 2009"/> an wad hae rested if his next event haed nae been the Davis Cup.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8265553.stm|title=GB relegated after Davis Cup loss|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=20 September 2009}}</ref> At the [[2009 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I#Great Britain vs. Poland|Poland match]], Murray won baith his singles rubbers. For the doubles wi [[Ross Hutchins]], Murray began in the right-haund court, the side uisually occupied bi the less dominant pairtner, sae as tae afford more pertection tae his troublesome left wrist than when strikin dooble-handed backhands frae the left court.,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/sep/19/andy-murray-davis-cup-gb-poland|title=Andy Murray licks wounds as Poland beat erratic Great Britain in Davis Cup |newspaper=Guardian|date=19 September 2009}}</ref> tho allowed his pairtner tae resume his uisual role in the seicont set.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/daviscup/6210113/Andy-Murrays-bravery-fails-to-save-Britain-from-doubles-defeat-by-Poland-in-Davis-Cup.html|title=Andy Murray's bravery fails to save Britain from doubles defeat by Poland in Davis Cup |newspaper=Telegraph|date=19 September 2009}}</ref> Houiver, the pair succumbed tae the world-cless Pols duo, an Poland won 3-2;Great Britain war relegated tae Europe/Africa Zone Group II for the first time syne [[1996 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone|1996.]] Murray haed aggravated his wrist injury, sae couldn't play for anither sax weeks.<ref name="Valencia 2009"/> ==== 2010 ==== Murray pulled oot o the match agin Lithuania, sae younger players coud gain mair international experience, an tae allou him tae focus on tryin tae win Grand Slam titles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8438187.stm|title=Andy Murray withdraws from British Davis Cup tie|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=3 January 2010}}</ref> His absence wis criticised bi Davis Cup captain [[John Lloyd (tennis)|John Lloyd]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8586461.stm|title=Andy Murray hits back at John Lloyd Davis Cup criticism|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=25 March 2010}}</ref> The Lithuanian side entered the tie as underdogs; fieldin a team o teenagers,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lithuaniatribune.com/64907/on-this-day-in-sport-7-march-201464907/ |work=Lithuania Tribune |title=On this day in sport: 7 March |date=7 March 2014 |access-date=2016-06-28 |archive-date=2015-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003162600/http://www.lithuaniatribune.com/64907/on-this-day-in-sport-7-march-201464907/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> but [[2010 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II#Great Britain vs. Lithuania|Lithuania won 3-2]]. This wis the first time that Great Britain haed lost five ties in a row an wis describit as a humiliatin Davis Cup defeat for Great Britain.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8554231.stm |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |title=Great Britain suffer humiliating Davis Cup defeat |date=7 March 2010}}</ref> It led tae the resignation o John Lloyd as Davis Cup captain an Britain wis nou threatened wi relegation tae the lowest tier o the competeetion. Murray did nae want tae share his coach Maclagan wi the LTA.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/daviscup/7568576/Andy-Murrays-former-coach-Leon-Smith-lined-up-to-be-Britains-new-Davis-Cup-captain.html|title=Andy Murray's former coach Leon Smith lined up to be Britain's new Davis Cup captain|newspaper=Telegraph|date=8 April 2010}}</ref> ==== 2011 ==== Murray returned for the [[2011 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II#Great Britain vs. Luxembourg|Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie versus Luxembourg.]] He beat [[Laurent Bram]], a tennis coach, 6-0, 6-0, 6-0, the last time a Briton haed achieved this score line in Davis Cup wis [[Alan Mills (tennis)|Alan Mills]] defeatin [[Josef Offenheim]] in 1959, an aa against Luxembourg.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/jul/08/andy-murray-davis-cup|title=Ruthless Andy Murray serves up a horror show for tortured Laurent Bram |newspaper=Guardian|date=8 July 2011}}</ref> Andy an Jamie Murray teamed up for the first time in Davis Cup doubles for a straucht sets win.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/tennis/article3089361.ece|title=Murray brothers too strong for Luxembourg|newspaper=Times|date=9 July 2011}}</ref> In his seicont singles match, Andy then recorded a third straucht sets veectory, ower world No. 81 [[Gilles Müller]], wi Great Britain eventually winnin 4-1. Three o Hungary's tap fower players war nae available for the [[2011 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II#Great Britain vs. Hungary|Great Britain vs Hungary tie]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-goes-from-nadal-to-hungarian-law-student-2355413.html|title=Murray goes from Nadal to Hungarian law student|newspaper=Independent|date=15 September 2011|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624111004/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-goes-from-nadal-to-hungarian-law-student-2355413.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> sae Murray defeatit [[Sebo Kiss]], a law student wioot a ranking, in his first singles rubber. Earlier, [[James Ward (tennis)|James Ward]] overcame sickness tae beat the Hungarian No 1,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-goes-from-nadal-to-hungarian-law-student-2355413.html|title=Murray and Ward win as GB lead Hungary 2-0 in Davis Cup|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=16 September 2011|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624111004/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-goes-from-nadal-to-hungarian-law-student-2355413.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> then [[Colin Fleming]] an [[Ross Hutchins]] won the doubles, an Great Britain wis promoted intae Europe/Africa Zone Group I for the first time syne 2009. Afterwards, Murray criticised the tournament schedule an cast dout on his availability for next year’s Davis Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/sep/18/andy-murray-davis-cup-schedule|title=Andy Murray criticises 'messed up' schedule despite Davis Cup success|newspaper=Guardsian|date=18 September 2011}}</ref> ==== 2013 ==== Bi 2013, Great Britain's ither tennis players haed earned the team a chance tae return tae the World Group. Murray wis sufferin a vulnerable back an intendit tae hae surgery efter the US Open. Murray revealed that the fear o bein branded “unpatriotic” led him tae delay the surgery until efter the Davis Cup tie in Croatia in September, which jeopardised his place in the next Australian Open.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/10422724/Andy-Murray-admits-his-Davis-Cup-heroics-were-fuelled-by-a-fear-of-critics-doubting-his-commitment.html|title=Andy Murray admits his Davis Cup heroics were fuelled by a fear of critics doubting his commitment|newspaper=Telegraph|date=2 November 2013}}</ref> Wi Croatia's No 1 [[Marin Cilic]] absent for committin a dopin offence, Murray won baith his singles matches an the doubles wi [[Colin Fleming]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Andy Murray to face teenager Borna Coric in Davis Cup opening singles |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/sep/12/davis-cup-britain-croatia-andy-murray |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Andy Murray & Colin Fleming give Great Britain Davis Cup lead |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/24093481 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=14 September 2013}}</ref> [[2013 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs#Croatia vs. Great Britain|Great Britain eventually winnin 4-1]], for thair first veectory on clay syne Ukraine in 2006,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/tennis/article3869880.ece|title=Captain Leon Smith and talisman Andy Murray are rewarded for their courage|newspaper=Times|date=16 September 2013}}</ref> an returnin tae the World Group for the first time syne 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Andy Murray guides Great Britain back to Davis Cup World Group |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/24100659 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=15 September 2013}}</ref> ==== 2014 ==== At the [[2014 Davis Cup World Group#United States vs. Great Britain|World Group first round tie against the United States]] in [[San Diego]], Murray defeatit [[Donald Young (tennis)|Donald Young]] an [[James Ward (tennis)|James Ward]] wanexpectedly beat [[Sam Querrey]] on the first day. On the last day, Murray beat Sam Querrey tae put Great Britain intae the quarterfinals o the Davis Cup for the [[1986 Davis Cup World Group|first time syne 1986.]] Britain’s anly previous veectory on American soil wis [[1903 International Lawn Tennis Challenge|111 years ago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/feb/02/great-britain-davis-cup-usa-andy-murray|title=Great Britain beat United States to reach Davis Cup quarter-finals |newspaper=Guardian|date=2 February 2014}}</ref> Murray haed tae rekiver frae a virus tae play in the [[2014 Davis Cup World Group#Italy vs. Great Britain|Quarter Final tie against Italy]] in [[Naples]] efter missin the Thursday draw ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/tennis/andy-murray-defies-virus-play-3363244|title=Andy Murray defies virus to play Great Britain's first Davis Cup quarter-final for 28 year |newspaper=Mirror|date=3 April 2014}}</ref> James Ward lost his rain delayed match, while Murray’s match against [[Andreas Seppi]] wis halted on Friday evenin due tae fadin licht wi the score at 6–4, 5–5 tae Murray. On Saturday morning, Murray finished his match, winnin 6–4, 7–5, 6–3. Twa oors later, Murray pairtnered [[Colin Fleming]] tae win the doubles rubber.<ref>{{cite wab|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/apr/05/andy-murray-davis-cup-great-britain-italy|title=Andy Murray and Colin Fleming win doubles to edge GB ahead of Italy |newspaper=Guardian|date=5 Apryle 2014}}</ref> Murray haed anly beaten ane tap ten player on clay, Nikolay Davydenko, back in 2009,<ref name="Davydenko"/> sae Murray wis stunned bi [[Fabio Fognini]], world No. 13, but a tap ten clay court player, in straucht sets, which teuk Great Britain tae the decidin final rubber. Houiver, [[James Ward (tennis)|James Ward]] wis defeatit bi Andreas Seppi, an aa in straucht sets, knockin Great Britain oot o the Davis Cup. ==== 2015 ==== Murray played an important pairt in leadin Great Britain tae the final o the World Group for the first time syne 1978, winnin baith his singles rubbers in the matches against the USA, France an Australie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/34307981|title=Davis Cup: Andy Murray puts Great Britain into final|work=BBC Sport|date=20 September 2015}}</ref> In the final, Murray defeatit [[Belgian|Belgium]]'s David Goffin tae [[2015 Davis Cup World Group#Belgium vs. Great Britain|win the Davis Cup]] for Great Britain, [[1936 International Lawn Tennis Challenge#Challenge Round|79 years efter the national team's last win.]] {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style=font-size:93% |- ! colspan="9" style="width:555px; background:#ecf2ff;"|'''All Davis Cup Matches: 34–7 (Singles: 27–2; Doubles: 7–5)''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2005 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I]] / [[2005 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs|World Group Play-offs]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !2R |4–6 Mar 2005 |{{davis|ISR}} |{{center|3–2}} |[[Ramat HaSharon]] | style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"|Haurd |Doubles {{small|(wi [[David Sherwood|Sherwood]])}} |[[Jonathan Erlich|Erlich]] & [[Andy Ram|Ram]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 7–6^(7–5), 2–6, 7–6^(7–5)''' |- !rowspan=2|PO |rowspan=2|23–25 Sep 2005 |rowspan=2|{{davis|SUI}} |rowspan=2|{{center|0–5}} |rowspan=2|[[Geneva]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ebc2af;"|Clay (i) |Singles 2 |[[Stanislas Wawrinka]] |bgcolor=FFA07A|3–6, 6–7^(5–7), 4–6 |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Greg Rusedski|Rusedski]])}} |[[Yves Allegro|Allegro]] & [[Roger Federer|Federer]] |bgcolor=FFA07A|5–7, 6–2, 6–7^(1–7), 2–6 |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2006 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone#Group I|2006 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !2R |7–9 Apr 2006 |{{davis|SCG}} |{{center|2–3}} |[[Glasgow]] | style="text-align:center;"|Carpet (i) |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Greg Rusedski|Rusedski]])}} |[[Ilija Bozoljac|Bozoljac]] & [[Nenad Zimonjic|Zimonjic]] |bgcolor=FFA07A|3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- !rowspan=2|1PO |rowspan=2|21–23 Jul 2006 |rowspan=2|{{davis|ISR}} |rowspan=2|{{center|2–3}} |rowspan=2|[[Eastbourne]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"|Gress |Singles 2 |[[Andy Ram]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''2–6, 4–6, 7–5, 6–2, 6–3''' |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Jamie Delgado|Delgado]])}} |[[Jonathan Erlich|Erlich]] & [[Andy Ram|Ram]] |bgcolor=FFA07A|6–3, 3–6, 7–5, 3–6, 4–6 |- !rowspan=3|2PO |rowspan=3|22–24 Sep 2006 |rowspan=3|{{davis|UKR}} |rowspan=3|{{center|3–2}} |rowspan=3|[[Odessa]] | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ebc2af;"|Clay |Singles 2 |[[Alexandr Dolgopolov]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 6–4, 6–2''' |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Jamie Delgado|Delgado]])}} |[[Sergiy Stakhovsky|Stakhovsky]] & [[Orest Tereshchuk|Tereshchuk]] |bgcolor=FFA07A|3–6, 3–6, 3–6 |- |Singles 4 |[[Sergiy Stakhovsky]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 6–2, 7–5''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2007 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone#Group I|2007 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I]] / [[2007 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs|World Group Play-offs]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !2R |6–8 Apr 2007 |{{davis|NED}} |{{center|4–1}} |[[Birmingham]] | style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"|Haurd (i) |Singles 4 |[[Raemon Sluiter]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 7–5, 6–2''' |- !rowspan=2|PO |rowspan=2|21–23 Sep 2007 |rowspan=2|{{davis|CRO}} |rowspan=2|{{center|4–1}} |rowspan=2|[[London]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"|Gress |Singles 1 |[[Marin Cilic|Marin Čilić]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''3–6, 6–4, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Roko Karanusic]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 7–6^(7–4)''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2008 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !rowspan=2|PO |rowspan=2|19–21 Sep 2008 |rowspan=2|{{davis|AUT}} |rowspan=2|{{center|2–3}} |rowspan=2|[[London]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"|Gress |Singles 2 |[[Alexander Peya]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 6–1, 6–3''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Jürgen Melzer]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–1''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2009 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone#Group I|2009 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !rowspan=3|PO |rowspan=3|18–20 Sep 2009 |rowspan=3|{{davis|POL}} |rowspan=3|{{center|2–3}} |rowspan=3|[[Liverpool]] | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"|Haurd (i) |Singles 1 |[[Michal Przysiezny]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 6–2, 6–4''' |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Ross Hutchins|Hutchins]])}} |[[Mariusz Fyrstenberg|Fyrstenberg]] & [[Marcin Matkowski|Matkowski]] |bgcolor=FFA07A|5–7, 6–3, 3–6, 2–6 |- |Singles 4 |[[Jerzy Janowicz]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 6–4, 6–3''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2011 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone#Group II|2011 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !rowspan=3|2R |rowspan=3|8–10 Jul 2011 |rowspan=3|{{davis|LUX}} |rowspan=3|{{center|4–1}} |rowspan=3|[[Glasgow]] | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"|Haurd (i) |Singles 2 |[[Laurent Bram]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–0, 6–0, 6–0''' |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Jamie Murray|Murray]])}} |[[Laurent Bram|Bram]] & [[Mike Vermeer|Vermeer]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''7–5, 6–2, 6–0''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Gilles Müller]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 6–3, 6–1''' |- !rowspan=2|3R |rowspan=2|16–18 Sep 2011 |rowspan=2|{{davis|HUN}} |rowspan=2|{{center|5–0}} |rowspan=2|[[Glasgow]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"|Haurd (i) |Singles 2 |[[Sebo Kiss]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–0, 6–2, 7–6^(7–3)''' |- |Singles 4 |[[György Balázs]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''7–6^(7–3), 6–3''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2013 Davis Cup World Group Play-offs]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !rowspan=2|PO |rowspan=2|13–15 Sep 2013 |rowspan=2|{{davis|CRO}} |rowspan=2|{{center|4–1}} |rowspan=2|[[Umag]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ebc2af;"|Clay |Singles 1 |[[Borna Ćorić]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 6–0, 6–3''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Ivan Dodig]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 6–2, 6–4''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2014 Davis Cup World Group]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !rowspan=2|1R |rowspan=2|31 Jan–2 Feb 2014 |rowspan=2|{{davis|USA}} |rowspan=2|{{center|3–1}} |rowspan=2|[[San Diego]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ebc2af;"|Clay |Singles 1 |[[Donald Young (tennis)|Donald Young]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–1, 6–2, 6–3''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Sam Querrey]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''7–6^(7–5), 6–7^(3–7), 6–1, 6–3''' |- !rowspan=3|QF |rowspan=3|4–6 Apr 2014 |rowspan=3|{{davis|ITA}} |rowspan=3|{{center|2–3}} |rowspan=3|[[Napoli]] | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ebc2af;"|Clay |Singles 2 |[[Andreas Seppi]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 7–5, 6–3''' |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Colin Fleming|Fleming]])}} |[[Simone Bolelli|Bolelli]] & [[Fabio Fognini|Fognini]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Fabio Fognini]] |bgcolor=FFA07A|3–6, 3–6, 4–6 |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |colspan=9| '''[[2015 Davis Cup World Group]]''' |- !Round!!Date!!Opponents!!Tie score!!Venue!!Surface!!Match!!Opponent!!Rubber score |- !rowspan=2|1R |rowspan=2|6–8 Mar 2015 |rowspan=2|{{davis|USA}} |rowspan=2|{{center|3–1}} |rowspan=2|[[Glasgow]] | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"|Haurd (i) |Singles 1 |[[Donald Young (tennis)|Donald Young]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–1, 6–1, 4–6, 6–2''' |- |Singles 4 |[[John Isner]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''7–6^(7–4), 6–3, 7–6^(7–4)''' |- !rowspan=3|QF |rowspan=3|17–19 Jul 2015 |rowspan=3|{{davis|FRA}} |rowspan=3|{{center|3–1}} |rowspan=3|[[London]] | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"|Gress |Singles 2 |[[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''7–5, 7–6^(12–10), 6–2''' |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Jamie Murray|Murray]])}} |[[Nicolas Mahut|Mahut]] & [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga|Tsonga]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''4–6, 6–3, 7–6^(7–5), 6–1''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Gilles Simon]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''4–6, 7–6^(7–5), 6–3, 6–0''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |- !rowspan=3|SF |rowspan=3|18–20 Sep 2015 |rowspan=3|{{davis|AUS}} |rowspan=3|{{center|3–2}} |rowspan=3|[[Glasgow]] | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"|Haurd (i) |Singles 1 |[[Thanasi Kokkinakis]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 6–0, 6–3''' |- |Doubles {{small|(wi [[Jamie Murray|Murray]])}} |[[Sam Groth|Groth]] & [[Lleyton Hewitt|Hewitt]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–7^(6–8), 6–4''' |- |Singles 4 |[[Bernard Tomic]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''7–5, 6–3, 6–2''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |- !rowspan=3|F |rowspan=3|27–29 Nov 2015 |rowspan=3|{{davis|BEL}} |rowspan=3|{{center|3–1}} |rowspan=3|[[Ghent]] | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ebc2af|Clay (i) |Singles 2 |[[Ruben Bemelmans]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 6–2, 7–5''' |- |Doubles {{small|(with [[Jamie Murray|Murray]])}} |[[Steve Darcis|Darcis]] & [[David Goffin|Goffin]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2''' |- |Singles 4 |[[David Goffin]] |bgcolor=98fb98|'''6–3, 7–5, 6–3''' |- style="background:Gainsboro;" |} === Olympics === Murray represented [[Great Britain at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] at his maiden Olympics in [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing 2008]]. He competit in the [[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|singles]] an [[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles|doubles]] competitions. In maugre o bein seedit saxt in the singles competeetion, he wis eliminate in the first roond bi Cheenese Taipei's [[Lu Yen-hsun|Yen-hsun Lu]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/2540280/Andy-Murray-crashes-out-to-Lu-Yen-Hsun-Beijing-Olympics-2008.html|title=Andy Murray crashes out to Lu Yen-Hsun - Beijing Olympics 2008|work=The Telegraph|date=11 August 2008}}</ref> Alang wi his brither Jamie, he advanced tae the seicont roond o the doubles competeetion wi a win ower the Canadian pairin o Daniel Nestor an [[Frédéric Niemeyer]]. The Murray brithers war eliminated in the seicont roond bi France's Arnaud Clément an Michael Llodra. In Februar, Murray pulled oot o the Davis Cup tie agin Argentina, acause o a knee injury, sae Argentina thrashed the under-strength British team. Jamie Murray scathingly criticised Andy an thay didnae speak tae ilk anither for a fortnicht.<ref name="Andy and Jamie's feud Telegraph"/> Thair rift conteenad in the Olympic doubles, ower a perceived lack o effort frae Andy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/tennis/article4546030.ece|title=Brother’s left-field lessons boost Andy Murray|newspaper=Times|date=3 September 2015}}</ref> At the [[2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012]] Olympics, Murray competit in the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|singles]], [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles|doubles]] (pairtnerin his brither Jamie) an [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Mixed doubles|mixed doubles]] (pairtnerin Laura Robson). In the singles, he won the Gowd Medal, includin straucht-set victories ower Novak Djokovic in the semi-finals an Roger Federer in the final, fower weeks efter Federer haed beaten him in on the same court in the [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|Wimbledon]] final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18907001|title=Andy Murray wins men's singles Olympics tennis gold|work=BBC Sport|date=5 August 2012}}</ref> He forby won the siller medal in the mixed doubles, lossin tae the [[Belarus]]ian pairin o Max Mirnyi an Victoria Azarenka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/olympics/18906645|title=Andy Murray & Laura Robson take silver in Olympics final|work=BBC Sport|date=5 August 2012}}</ref> == Rivalries == {{See also|Big Four (tennis)}} === Murray vs. Djokovic === {{Main|Djokovic–Murray rivalry}} Novak Djokovic an Andy Murray hae met 34 times wi Djokovic leadin 24–10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Players/Head-To-Head.aspx?pId=MC10&oId=D643|title=Tennis – ATP World Tour – FedEx ATP Head 2 Head|publisher=ATP World Tour|accessdate=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/Rivalries/Djokovic-Murray-Rivalry.aspx|title=Novak & Andy: The Rivalry|publisher=ATP World Tour|date=26 January 2013|accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> Djokovic leads 5–1 on clay, 19–7 on haurd courts, an Murray leads 2–0 on gress. The twa are awmaist exactly the same age, wi Murray bein anly a week aulder than Djokovic. Thay went tae trainin camp thegither, an Murray won the first match thay ever played as teenagers. The pair hae met 16 times in finals, wi Djokovic leadin 9–7. Ten o the finals war at [[ATP Masters 1000]] events, an thay are tied at 5–5. Thay hae met in seiven Major finals: The [[2011 Australian Open]], the [[2012 US Open (tennis)|2012 US Open]], the [[2013 Australian Open]], the [[2013 Wimbledon Championships]], the [[2015 Australian Open]], the [[2016 Australian Open]], an the [[2016 French Open]]. Djokovic haes won in Australie fower times an thair single French open final, Murray emerged as the victor at the US Open an Wimbledon. The umwhile o Murray's victories wis the langest ever final at the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]], tyin wi the 1988 final played atween Ivan Lendl an Mats Wilander at 4 oors an 53 minutes, whilst the latter wis notable for bein the first home triumph in men's singles at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] syne 1936. Thay an aa played a nearly five-oor lang semifinal match in the [[2012 Australian Open]], which Djokovic won 7–5 in the fift set efter Murray led 2 sets tae 1. Murray an Djokovic met again in 2012 at the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|London 2012 Olympic Gemmes]], wi Murray winnin in straucht sets. Durin the final o the [[2012 Shanghai Rolex Masters|2012 Shanghai Masters]], Murray held five championship pynts in the seicont set, houiver Djokovic saved each o them, forcin a decidin set. He eventually prevailed tae win his first Shanghai Masters title, endin Murray's 12–0 winnin streak at the event. The three set matches thay played in [[Italian Open (tennis)|Rome]] an [[Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai]] in [[2011 Internazionali BNL d'Italia – Men's Singles|2011]] an [[2012 Shanghai Rolex Masters – Singles|2012]] respectively war voted the ATP World Tour Match o the Year for each respective saison.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 2 Best ATP World Tour Matches of 2011|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2011/12/Features/Best-ATP-Matches-Of-2011.aspx|publisher=ATP|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Best ATP World Tour Matches of the Year – Nos. 1–2|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2012/11/Features/Best-ATP-Matches-Of-2012.aspx|publisher=ATP|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref> Due tae the tight competeetion atween 2008 an 2013, mony saw this as the emergin rivalry, as the twa are baith in thair prime years, an are baith likely tae be playin for at least anither five years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Djokovic-Murray move away from pack|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/simon-reed/djokovic-murray-move-away-pack-165711108.html|publisher=Eurosport|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=World number two Andy Murray determined to improve on clay|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/21994026|accessdate=16 June 2013|newspaper=BBC Sport|date=1 April 2013}}</ref> Houiver, Djokovic went on tae dominate the rivalry efter the 2013 Wimbledon final, winnin 8 matches in a row, until Murray ended the streak in the final o the [[2015 Rogers Cup – Men's Singles|2015 Rogers Cup]]. === Murray vs. Federer === {{main|Federer–Murray rivalry}} Andy Murray an Roger Federer hae met 25 times wi Federer leadin 14–11. Federer leads 12–10 on haurd courts, 2–1 on gress, an thay hae never met on clay. Efter Federer won the first professional match thay played, Murray dominated the rivalry frae 2006 until 2014 wi Federer beatin Murray three straucht times tae reverse the lead at the [[2014 ATP World Tour Finals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Players/Head-To-Head.aspx?pId=F324&oId=MC10|title=Federer v Murray Head to Head|publisher=atpworldtour.com|accessdate=9 January 2011}}</ref> Federer leads 5–3 in finals, haein won each o thair Grand Slam Final meetins at the [[2008 US Open (tennis)|2008 US Open]]<ref name="autogenerated2"/> an [[2010 Australian Open]], baith o which Federer won in straucht sets, an the [[2012 Wimbledon Championships]], whaur Murray teuk the first set, but ended up losin in 4 sets. Murray leads 6–3 in ATP 1000 tournaments an 2–0 in finals. Thay hae met five times at the [[ATP World Tour Finals]], wi Murray winnin in Shanghai in 2008<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/nov/14/tennis-murray-federer-masters-cup|title=Murray wins gruelling match to knock out defending champion Federer|work=guardian.co.uk|location=London|date=14 November 2008|accessdate=27 April 2010|last=Bierley|first=Steve|publisher=Guardian News and Media}}</ref> an Federer comin oot victorious in London in 2009, 2010, 2012, an in 2014. In August 2012, Murray met Federer in the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|final of the London 2012 Olympics]] at Wimbledon Centre Court, juist fower weeks efter the [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles final|2012 Wimbledon Final]], in which Federer haed defeatit Murray tae win his record-tyin 7t title at the All-England Club. Murray defeatit Federer in straucht sets tae win the gowd medal, denyin Federer a [[Career Golden Slam]]. In 2013 Murray beat Federer for the first time in a Major in the semi-finals o the [[2013 Australian Open|Australian Open]], prevailin in five sets efter Federer haed come back twice frae a set doun.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cronin|first=Matt|title=Murray makes it happen|url=http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/news/articles/2013-01-25/201301251359112474916.html|publisher=Australian Open|accessdate=16 June 2013|date=25 January 2013}}</ref> Thair last grand slam meetin wis at the [[2015 Wimbledon Championships]] semifinals, whaur a dominant Federer defeatit Murray in straucht sets, earnin a place in his 10t Wimbledon final. Murray is ane o anly three players tae hae recorded 10 or more victories ower Federer, the ither twa bein Nadal an Djokovic. Thair maist recent meetin teuk place at the [[2015 Western & Southern Open|2015 Cincinnati Masters]] semifinals, wi Federer winnin the match in twa close sets, recordin his fift consecutive veectory ower Murray. === Murray vs. Nadal === {{Main|Murray–Nadal rivalry}} Andy Murray haes played against Rafael Nadal on 24 occasions syne [[2007 ATP Tour|2007]], wi Nadal leadin 17–7. Nadal leads 7–2 on clay, 3–0 on gress an 7–5 on haurd courts. The pair regularly meet at [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] level, wi nine oot o thair twinty-ane meetins comin in slams, wi Nadal leadin 7–2 (3–0 at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]], 2–0 at the [[French Open]], 1–1 at the [[Australian Open]] an 1–1 at the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Players/Head-To-Head.aspx?pId=N409&oId=MC10|title=Nadal v Murray Head to Head|publisher=atpworldtour.com|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> Aicht o thir nine appearances hae been at Quarter-final an Semi-final level. Thay hae never met in a Slam final, houiver, Murray leads 3–1 in [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP]] finals, wi Nadal winnin at [[2009 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]] in [[2009 ATP World Tour|2009]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7958375.stm|title=Nadal blows Murray away in final|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=22 March 2009|accessdate=6 February 2012}}</ref> an Murray winnin in [[2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament|Rotterdam]] the same year,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7891311.stm|title=Murray beats Nadal to take title|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=15 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2012|last=Newbery|first=Piers}}</ref> [[2011 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships|Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/15231444|title=Andy Murray defeats Rafael Nadal in Japan Open final|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=9 October 2011|accessdate=6 February 2012|last=Overend|first=Jonathan}}</ref> in [[2011 ATP World Tour|2011]], an at [[2015 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid]] in [[2015 ATP World Tour|2015]]. Murray lost three consecutive Grand Slam semifinals tae Nadal in 2011 frae the [[2011 French Open|French Open]] tae the [[2011 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. Of the past 20 Grand Slam drawsheets, thay hae been drawn in the same half 16 times. The pair haed nae met for three years syne the final o the [[2011 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships|2011 Japan Open]] until the quarter finals o the [[2014 Internazionali BNL d'Italia|2014 Rome Masters]], awtho thay war scheduled tae meet in the semi-final o the [[2012 Miami Masters]] afore Nadal withdrew wi injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/17560498|title=Andy Murray to play Djokovic in Miami final after Nadal withdraws|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=1 April 2012|accessdate=6 February 2012}}</ref> At the semifinal stage o the [[2014 French Open]], Nadal triumphed in a dominant straucht sets win for the loss o juist 6 gemmes. In ane o thair maist recent meetins, Murray beat Nadal for the first time on clay,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/tennis/32683988 | title=Andy Murray beats Rafael Nadal to win Madrid Masters final | work=BBC Sport | date=10 May 2015 | agency=British Broadcasting Corporation | accessdate=June 14, 2015 | author=Patrick Jennings}}</ref> an the first time in a Masters 1000 final,{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} at the [[2015 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid Open]] in 2015. Murray continued his form tae beat Nadal at the 2016 Mutual Madrid Open in the semifinals.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} == Playin style == [[File:Flickr - Carine06 - Andy Murray (10).jpg|thumb|upright|left|At the [[Boodles Challenge]], Stoke Pairk, Juin 2012]] Murray plays an [[Tennis strategy#All-court player|all-court]] gemme wi an emphasis on [[Counterpuncher|defensive baseline]] play, an professional tennis coach [[Paul Annacone]] stated that Murray "may be the best counterpuncher on tour today."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen09/columns/story?columnist=garber_greg&id=4429182 |title=Patience a virtue for Andy Murray? |publisher=Sports.espn.go.com |date=30 August 2009 |accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="No surface tension as Murray looks to shed his feet of clay">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sporter/tennis/no-surface-tension-as-murray-looks-to-shed-his-feet-of-clay-1667477.html|title=No surface tension as Murray looks to shed his feet of clay|work=The Independent|location=London|date=12 April 2009|accessdate=26 June 2009|last=Newman|first=Paul|archive-date=2013-08-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130819025353/http://www.independent.co.uk/sporter/tennis/no-surface-tension-as-murray-looks-to-shed-his-feet-of-clay-1667477.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> His strengths include groondstrokes wi law error rate, the ability tae anticipate an react, an his transition frae defence tae offence wi speed, which enables him tae hit winners frae defensive poseetions. His playin style haes been likened tae that o [[Miloslav Mečíř]]. Murray an aa haes ane o the best twa-handed backhands on the tour, wi dynamic stroke execution<ref>{{cite web|last=W. Smith|first=David|title=Player tactics: The Andy Murray Backhand|url=http://www.tennisone.com/club/lessons/smith/murray_bh/bh.public.php?print=yes|accessdate=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203042739/http://www.tennisone.com/club/lessons/smith/murray_bh/bh.public.php?print=yes|url-status=dead}}</ref> while he primarily uses his forehaund an a sliced backhaund tae let opponents play intae his haunds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Player tactics|work=BBC Sport|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/skills/4609176.stm|accessdate=28 March 2016}}</ref> Tim Henman haes stated that Murray mey nou hae the best [[Lob (tennis)|lob]] in the gemme, succeedin [[Lleyton Hewitt]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Wimbledon 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=26 June 2013 }}</ref> In addition tae this, Murray is a good [[Volley (tennis)|volleyer]], occasionally approachin the net, an executes a fine [[drop shot]], awtho his drop shots are whiles a drawback against faster players lik Roger Federer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/2304244/Hawkeye-Andy-Murrays-drop-shot.html|title=Hawkeye: Andy Murray's drop shot|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=27 June 2008|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/mar/14/andy-murray-jonas-bjorkman-coach-tennis-amelie-mauresmo|title=Jonas Bjorkman to offer an aggressive return on Andy Murray’s investment |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=14 March 2015 |accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> Murray's tactics uisually involve passive exchanges frae the baseline. He is capable o injectin suddent pace intae his groondstrokes tae surprise his faes wha are uised tae the slow rally. Murray is an aa ane o the tap returners in the gemme, eften able tae block back fast serves wi his excellent reak an ability tae anticipate. For this raison, Murray is rarely aced.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thorp|first=Dan|title=Player tactics: Andy Murray is best described as a counter-puncher|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/skills/4609176.stm|accessdate=16 June 2013|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=9 June 2008}}</ref> Murray is kent for bein ane o the maist intelligent tacticians on the court, eften biggin pynts.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramsay|first=Alix|url=http://sport.scotsman.com/tennis/Murray-has-Indian-sign-over.5096794.jp|title=Murray has Indian sign over Fed |work=The Scotsman|location=Edinburgh|accessdate=26 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/3218318/Andy-Murray-to-take-on-Roger-Federer-in-Madrid-Masters-semi-final-Tennis.html|title=Andy Murray to take on Roger Federer in Madrid Masters semi-final|work=The Telegraph|location=London|last=White|first=Clive|date=17 October 2008|accessdate=25 April 2010|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}</ref> Murray is maist proficient on a fast surface,<ref name="No surface tension as Murray looks to shed his feet of clay"/> lik gress, whaur he haes won sax singles titles includin the [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon Championships]] an the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Olympic Gowd Medal]]. He haes worked haurd syne 2008 on improvin his clay court gemme,<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|title=Corretja to help Murray on clay|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7331593.stm|date=4 April 2008|accessdate=1 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080722140549/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7331593.stm|archivedate=2008-07-22|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}</ref> ultimately winnin his first clay titles durin 2015 at [[2015 BMW Open – Singles|Munich]] an [[2015 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's Singles|Madrid]], as well as his first French Open final. While Murray's [[Serve (tennis)|serve]] is a major wappen for him, wi his first serve reachin speeds o 130&nbsp;mph or higher on some occasions,<ref name="How Andy Murray turned a second serve into a lethal weapon"/> it whiles can be a weakness for him when hit under pressure,<ref>{{cite news|publisher=ESPN|title=Murray bemoans inconsistent serve after shock defeat|url=http://en.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/81775.html|date=March 26, 2011|accessdate=7 November 2015}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> especially wi a more inconsistent seicont serve. Syne his 2011 saison an Ivan Lendl's coaching, he haes worked tae improve his consistency, seicont serve, returns an mental gemme, resultin in a more offensive gemme.<ref name="How Andy Murray turned a second serve into a lethal weapon">{{cite news|work=London Evening Standard|title=How Andy Murray turned a second serve into a lethal weapon|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/tennis/how-andy-murray-turned-a-second-serve-into-his-lethal-weapon-7908115.html|date=4 July 2015|accessdate=27 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062212/http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/tennis/how-andy-murray-turned-a-second-serve-into-his-lethal-weapon-7908115.html|archivedate=2016-03-04|deadurl=no|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/9563342/andy-murray-must-return-to-ivan-lendls-aggressive-style-claims-greg-rusedski|title=Andy Murray must return to Ivan Lendl's aggressive style, claims Greg Rusedski|work=Sky Sports|date=14 November 2014|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/usopen/8754939/US-Open-2011-Andy-Murrays-consistency-needs-a-trophy.html|title=US Open 2011: Andy Murray's consistency needs a trophy|work=The Telegraph|date=10 Sep 2011|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref> == Endorsements and equipment == In 2009, German manufacturer [[Adidas]] an Murray signed a five-year-deal worth £30 million. This included wearin thair range o tennis shoes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article6901849.ece|title=Andy Murray's fashion sense goes into overdrive with £30&nbsp;m deal with adidas|work=The Times|location=UK|date=4 November 2009|accessdate=25 January 2010|first=Neil|last=Harman}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The contract wi Adidas allowed Murray tae keep his sark sleeve sponsors [[Shiatzy Chen]], [[The Royal Bank of Scotland|Royal Bank of Scotland]] an [[Highland Spring]]. Afore he wis signed bi Adidas in late 2009, he wore Fred Perry apparel.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-ends-fred-perry-sponsorship-deal-1814472.html|title=Murray ends Fred Perry sponsorship deal|date=4 November 2009|accessdate=7 July 2013|agency=Reuters|work=The Independent|location=London}}</ref> At the end o thair contract thegither Adidas decidit nae tae re-sign wi Murray,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/andymurray/11291164/Andy-Murrays-new-deal-with-Under-Armour-slips-out-as-tennis-star-fails-to-conceal-t-shirt-logo.html|title=Andy Murray's new deal with Under Armour slips out as tennis star fails to conceal t-shirt logo|date=12 December 2014|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> an he began a 4-year partnership wi athletic apparel company [[Under Armour]] in December 2014,<ref>{{cite web|title=Andy Murray signs £15m kit deal with US company Under Armour|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/30/andy-murray-under-armour-sponsorship-deal|publisher=The Guardian|date=30 December 2014}}</ref> reportedly worth $25 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Murray signs four-year clothing deal with Under Armour|url=http://www.tennis.com/gear/2014/12/murray-signs-4-year-under-armour-clothing-deal/53496/|publisher=Tennis.com|accessdate=25 September 2015|date=30 December 2014}}</ref> Murray uses [[Head (company)|Head]] rackets, an regularly appears in advertisements for the brand.<ref>{{cite web|title=HEAD – the most successful racquet on the tennis tour in 2012|url=http://www.head.com/tennis/news/?region=us&id=2632|publisher=HEAD|accessdate=16 June 2013|archive-date=2014-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214014951/http://www.head.com/tennis/news/?region=us&id=2632|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Juin 2012, the Swiss watch manufacturer [[Rado (watch)|Rado]] annoonced that Murray haed signed a deal tae wear thair D-Star 200 model.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.watchpro.com/13561-rado-reveals-andy-murray-as-latest-ambassador/|title=Rado reveals Andy Murray as latest ambassador|accessdate=11 June 2012|date=11 June 2012|work=Watch Pro}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Charitable work == Murray is a foundin member o the [[Malaria No More UK]] Leadership Council an helped launch the charity in 2009 wi [[David Beckham]]. Footage frae the launch at Wembley Stadium can be seen on YouTube an [http://malarianomore.org.uk/mnmtv the charity's website]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Murray an aa made 'Nets Needed', a short public service announcement, for the charity tae help raise awareness an funds tae help in the fecht against malaria.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray Supports Malaria No More UK and Comic Relief|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/news/tennis/2011/charity/andy-murray-charity.aspx|accessdate=7 July 2013|publisher=ATP World Tour|date=15 March 2011|agency=Press Release}}</ref> Murray haes an aa taken pairt in several charity tennis events, includin the [[2011 Australian Open#Rally for Relief|Rally for Relief]] events that teuk place prior tae the stairt o the [[2011 Australian Open]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2011/01/Other/Rally-For-Relief-A-Success.aspx|title=RALLY FOR RELIEF RAISES $1.8M FOR QUEENSLAND FLOOD VICTIMS|work=ATP Staff|date=16 January 2011|accessdate=7 January 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2013, Murray teamed up wi umwhile British number 1 Tim Henman for a charity doubles match against Murray's coach an aicht-time grand slam champion Ivan Lendl, an world No. 6 Tomáš Berdych at the [[Queen's Club]] in London. The event named [[2013 Aegon Championships#Rally Against Cancer|Rally Against Cancer]] wis organised tae raise money for Royal Marsden Cancer Charity efter his best friend an fellae British player Ross Hutchins wis diagnosed wi [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]].<ref>Murray cried Hutchins his best friend in his speech tae the crowd efter winnin the 2013 AEGON Championships, juist afore the charity match.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2013/feb/22/andy-murray-tim-henman-cancer-research|title=Andy Murray and Tim Henman double up in cancer research fundraiser|work=The Guardian|accessdate=16 April 2013|last=Mitchell|first=Kevin|location=London|date=22 February 2013}}</ref> The event teuk place follaein the final day o competitive play at the [[2013 Aegon Championships|AEGON Championships]], on Sunday 16 Juin. Subsequently, follaein his veectory at the tournament, Murray donated his entire prize money pot tae [[The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust|The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rally Against Cancer|url=http://www.royalmarsden.org/rally-against-cancer|publisher=The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity|accessdate=7 July 2013|date=June 2013|quote=After generously donating his £73,000 prize money from the Aegon Championships, Andy Murray is now sporting The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity name on his sleeve throughout Wimbledon.|archive-date=2013-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716050012/http://www.royalmarsden.org/rally-against-cancer|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Juin 2014, follaein the daith o Elena Baltacha, Murray featurt in an event kent as 'Rally for Bally'. Murray played at Queen's Club alongside Victoria Azarenka, [[Martina Hingis]], Heather Watson an his brither Jamie. The event raised money for the Royal Marsden Cancer Charity an the Elena Baltacha Academy o Tennis. Childer frae Baltacha's academy teuk tae the court tae play alongside Murray.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27857449|title=BBC Sport – Rally for Bally: Andy Murray leads Elena Baltacha tributes|work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/06/24/London-Queens-Sunday-Rally-For-Ball-Murray.aspx|title=Tennis World Unites At Rally For Bally|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref> As a result o his various charitable exploits, Murray wis awairdit the [[ATP Arthur Ashe Humanitarian award|Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year]] award for 2014. == Image == === National identity === [[File:Spectators at Live Site East (7724463944).jpg|thumb|Fans at Live Site East on the Olympic Pairk celebrate Murray winnin gowd, 5 August 2012]] Murray identifies himsel as [[Scottish national identity|Scottish]] an [[Britishness|British]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Hodgkinson|first=Mark|title=Wimbledon: Andy Murray promises to focus|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/atptour/2303901/Wimbledon-Andy-Murray-promises-to-focus.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=8 July 2013|location=London|date=23 June 2008}}</ref> His national identity haes eften been commented on bi the media.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jul/07/andy-murray-wins-wimbledon-2013-djokovic Andy Murray: Scottish, British, who cares? Today he belongs to us all]. ''The Guardian'' (London). Retrieved on 6 September 2013.</ref> Whilst makin a cameo appearance on comedy shaw ''[[Outnumbered]]'', Murray wis asked whether he wis British or Scottish, tae which he responded "It depends if I'm winning".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3ynYHHH9e0 Andy Murray Gets Outnumbered – Red Nose Day 2011 – BBC Comic Relief Night]. YouTube. Retrieved on 6 September 2013.</ref> Muckle o the discussion aboot Murray's naitional identity began prior tae [[2006 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon 2006]], when he wis quoted as sayin he wad "support whoever [[England national football team|England]] is playing" at the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup]]. Inglis ex-tennis player Tim Henman confirmed that the remarks haed been made in jest an war anly in respone tae Murray bein teased bi jurnalist Des Kelly an Henman aboot [[Scotland naitional fitbaw team|Scotland]]'s failure tae qualify.<ref name="five live">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqQsHBwkDgQ Tim Henman talks about Andy Murray, 9 September 2008], YouTube clip of [[BBC Radio 5 Live]] interview.</ref> Murray initially refused tae endorse aither side o the debate in the [[Scottish independence referendum, 2014|2014 referendum]] on [[Scottish independence]], citin the abuse he haed received efter his comments in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-26504286 |title=Scottish independence: Andy Murray stays quiet on vote |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=9 March 2014 |accessdate=15 April 2014}}</ref> Juist afore the referendum, Murray tweeted a message that wis considered bi the media tae be supportive o independence.{{efn|name=referendum|Murray tweeted "Huge day for Scotland today! no campaign negativity last few days totally swayed my view on it. excited to see the outcome. lets do this!"}}<ref name=guardianrefendum>{{cite news|title=Andy Murray on Scottish independence vote: 'Let's do this!'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/sep/18/andy-murray-on-scottish-independence-vote-lets-do-this|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=18 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Murray signals support for Scottish independence|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2014/09/murray-signals-backing-for-scottish-independence/52808/|publisher=Tennis.com|accessdate=25 August 2015|date=18 September 2014}}</ref><ref name = "yes tweet"/> He received online abuse for expressin his opinion, includin messages that war describit as "vile" bi [[Police Scotland]]; ane referred tae the Dunblane massacre.<ref name = "yes tweet"/> A few days efter the vote, in which a 55% majority opposed Scottish independence, Murray said that he did nae regret statin his view, but admitted that it wis oot o character an that he wad concentrate on his tennis career in the future.<ref name = "yes tweet">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-29323123 Scottish referendum: Andy Murray 'disappointed' by indyref tweet fallout], BBC News</ref> === Ither === In 2006, thare wis uproar efter a match wi [[Kenneth Carlsen]]. Haein been gien a warnin for [[Glossary of tennis terms#R|racket abuse]], he went on in the post-match interview tae state that he an Carlsen haed "played like women" durin the first set.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article786818.ece|location=London|work=The Times|first=Neil|last=Harman|title=Auckland to double his luck with Murray plea|date=10 January 2006}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Murray wis booed for the remark, but explained later that the comment haed been intendit as a jocular response tae what [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]] haed said at the [[Hopman Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-mars-victory-with-verbal-error-522397.html|location=London|work=The Independent|last=Roberts|first=John|title=Murray mars victory with verbal error|date=10 January 2006|access-date=2016-06-28|archive-date=2015-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925233224/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/murray-mars-victory-with-verbal-error-522397.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A few months later, Murray wis fined for swearin at the umpire durin a [[Davis Cup]] doubles rubber wi [[Serbia Davis Cup team|Serbia and Montenegro Davis Cup team]]. Murray refused tae shake haunds wi the umpire at the end o the match.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4892692.stm|title=Britain fined for Murray outburst|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=9 April 2006}}</ref> In 2007, Murray suggestit that tennis haed a match-fixin problem, statin that everyone kens it goes on,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7044199.stm|title=Murray satisfied with ATP meeting|date=17 October 2007|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> in the wake o the investigation surroondin [[Nikolay Davydenko]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6928635.stm|title=Davydenko faces betting inquiry|date=27 August 2007|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Baith Davydenko an Rafael Nadal questioned his comments, but Murray responded that his words haed been taken oot o context.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7039513.stm|title=Tennis 'aware of fixing threat'|date=12 October 2007|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> On 20 December 2015 Andy Murray wis awairdit the BBC sports personality o the year award in [[Belfast]]. == Career statistics == {{Main|Andy Murray career statistics}} === Grand Slam tournament performance timeline === {{Performance key}} {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center |- !width=150|Tournament!!width=30|[[2005 ATP Tour|2005]]!!width=30|[[2006 ATP Tour|2006]]!!width=30|[[2007 ATP Tour|2007]]!!width=30|[[2008 ATP Tour|2008]]!!width=30|[[2009 ATP World Tour|2009]]!!width=30|[[2010 ATP World Tour|2010]]!!width=30|[[2011 ATP World Tour|2011]]!!width=30|[[2012 ATP World Tour|2012]]!!width=30|[[2013 ATP World Tour|2013]]!!width=30|[[2014 ATP World Tour|2014]]!![[2015 ATP World Tour|2015]]!![[2016 ATP World Tour|2016]]!![[2017 ATP World Tour|2017]]!!{{Tooltip| SR | Strike Rate}} !! {{Tooltip| W–L | Win–Loss}}!!width=45|Win % |- |colspan="20" style="text-align:left;"|[[Grand Slam (tennis)|'''Grand Slam tournaments''']] |- |align=left|[[Australian Open]] |A |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2006 Australian Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2007 Australian Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2008 Australian Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2009 Australian Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2010 Australian Open – Men's Singles|F]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles|F]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2012 Australian Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles|F]] |style="background:#ffebcd;"|[[2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles|F]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |0 / 11 |45–11 |{{#expr: 45/56 * 100/1 round 2}} |- |align=left|[[French Open]] |A |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2006 French Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |A |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2008 French Open – Men's Singles|3R]] |style="background:#ffebcd;"|[[2009 French Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2010 French Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2011 French Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:#ffebcd;"|[[2012 French Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |A |style="background:yellow;"|[[2014 French Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2015 French Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2016 French Open – Men's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=yellow|[[2017 French Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |0 / 9 |34–9 |{{#expr: 34/43 * 100/1 round 2}} |- |align=left|[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|3R]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|4R]] |A |style="background:#ffebcd;"|[[2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|QF]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|F]] |style="background:#0f0;"|'''[[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|W]]''' |style="background:#ffebcd;"|[[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|QF]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=lime|[[2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|'''W''']] |bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|QF]] | |1 / 10 |46–9 |{{#expr: 46/55 * 100/1 round 2}} |- |align=left|[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2005 US Open – Men's Singles|2R]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2006 US Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2007 US Open – Men's Singles|3R]] |style="background:thistle;"|[[2008 US Open – Men's Singles|F]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2009 US Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2010 US Open – Men's Singles|3R]] |style="background:yellow;"|[[2011 US Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |style="background:#0f0;"|'''[[2012 US Open – Men's Singles|W]]''' |style="background:#ffebcd;"|[[2013 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |style="background:#ffebcd;"|[[2014 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |style="background:#afeeee;"|[[2015 US Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2016 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] | |1 / 11 |40–10 |{{#expr: 40/50 * 100/1 round 2}} |- !style=text-align:left|Win–Loss !3–2 !6–4 !5–2 !12–4 !15–4 !16–4 !21–4 !22–3 !17–2 !17–4 !19–4 !12–2 !2 / 41 !{{#expr: 3+6+5+12+15+16+21+22+17+17+19+12}}–{{#expr: 2+4+2+4+4+4+4+3+2+4+4+2}} !{{#expr: 165/204 * 100/1 round 2}} |} ;<big>Finals: 10 (2 titles, 8 runner-ups)</big> {|class="sortable wikitable" |- !width=70|Outcome !width=30|Year !width=120|Championship !width=40|Surface !width=150|Opponent ! style="width:250px;" class="unsortable"|Score |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||[[2008 US Open – Men's Singles|2008]]||[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]||Haurd||{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Roger Federer]]||2–6, 5–7, 2–6 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=FEA07A|Runner-up||[[2010 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2010]]||[[Australian Open]]||Haurd||{{flagicon|SUI}} Roger Federer||3–6, 4–6, 6–7^(11–13) |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=FEA07A|Runner-up||[[2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2011]]||Australian Open <small>(2)</small>||Haurd||{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Novak Djokovic]]||4–6, 2–6, 3–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=FEA07A|Runner-up||[[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2012]]||[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]||Gress||{{flagicon|SUI}} Roger Federer||[[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles final|6–4, 5–7, 3–6, 4–6]] |- style="background:#ccf;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||[[2012 US Open – Men's Singles|2012]]||US Open||Haurd|| {{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||[[2012 US Open – Men's Singles final|7–6^(12–10), 7–5, 2–6, 3–6, 6–2]] |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=FEA07A|Runner-up|||[[2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2013]]||Australian Open <small>(3)</small>||Haurd||{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||7–6^(7–2), 6–7^(3–7), 3–6, 2–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" |bgcolor=98FB98|Winner||[[2013 Wimbledon Championships|2013]]||Wimbledon||Gress||{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||[[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles final|6–4, 7–5, 6–4]] |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=FEA07A|Runner-up||[[2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2015]]||Australian Open <small>(4)</small>||Haurd||{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||6–7^(5–7), 7–6^(7–4), 3–6, 0–6 |- style="background:#ffc;" |bgcolor=FEA07A|Runner-up||[[2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2016]]||Australian Open <small>(5)</small>||Haurd||{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||1–6, 5–7, 6–7^(3–7) |- style="background:#ebc2af;" |bgcolor=FEA07A|Runner-up||[[2016 French Open – Men's Singles|2016]]||[[French Open]]||Clay||{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic||6–3, 1–6, 2–6, 4–6 |} === Olympic Gemmes === ==== Finals: 2 (1 gold medal, 1 silver medal) ==== ===== Singles: 1 (1–0) ===== {|class="sortable wikitable" |- !width=80|Outcome !width=50|Year !width=200|Championship !width=75|Surface !width=200|Opponent in the final !width=200|Score in the final |- style="background:Gold;" |bgcolor=gowd|Gowd||[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] |[[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|London 2012]] |Gress |{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Roger Federer]] |6–2, 6–1, 6–4 |} ===== Mixed Doubles: 1 (0–1) ===== {|class="sortable wikitable" |- !width=80|Outcome !width=50|Year !width=200|Championship !width=75|Surface !width=200|Pairtner !width=200|Opponents !width=200|Score |- style="background:Silver;" | style="background:silver;"|Siller||[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] |[[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Mixed doubles|London 2012]] |Gress |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Laura Robson]] |{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Victoria Azarenka]]<br />{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Max Mirnyi]] |6–2, 3–6, [8–10] |} ===Records=== {{Main|List of career achievements by Andy Murray}} * Thir records war attained in the [[Open Era]]. * Records in '''bold''' indicate peer-less achievements. * Records in ''italics'' are currently active streaks. {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Time Span !Records at each Grand Slam tournament !Players matched |- |2008 US Open —<br />2012 Wimbledon||First fower finals lost<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/sports/tennis/federer-beats-murray-and-britain-to-win-wimbledon.html?pagewanted=2&_r=2&ref=tennis|title=Federer Beats Murray, and Britain, for Seventh Wimbledon Title|first=Christopher|last=Clarey|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 July 2012|accessdate=9 July 2012|quote=The only other man in the Open era to lose his first four major finals is Ivan Lendl&nbsp;...}}</ref>||[[Ivan Lendl]] |- |2010 Australian Open —<br> 2016 Australian Open||Five runner-up finishes at a single Major<ref>{{cite web|title=Novak Djokovic beats Andy Murray to win sixth Australian Open title|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/35453531|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=31 January 2016|quote=[Murray] becomes only the second man - behind his former coach Ivan Lendl at the US Open - to lose five finals at the same Grand Slam since the open era began in 1968.}}</ref>||Ivan Lendl |- |2008 US Open —<br> 2016 French Open||Runner-up finishes at all fower Majors||[[Roger Federer]]<br>Ivan Lendl |- |'''2012 Olympics —<br />2012 US Open'''||'''Winner o Olympic singles gowd medal an US Open in same calendar year'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9535073/Andy-Murrays-US-Open-victory-hailed-as-perfect-end-to-perfect-summer-of-sport.html|title=Andy Murray's US Open victory hailed as perfect end to perfect summer of sport|last=Alleyne|first=Richard|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=11 September 2012|accessdate=3 January 2013|location=London|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}</ref>||'''Stands alone''' |- |'''2012 US Open —<br />2013 Australian Open'''||'''Reached final o next consecutive tournament efter winnin first title'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis-x.com/xblog/2013-01-26/11457.php|title=Australian Open Men's Final Open Thread: Novak Djokovic v Andy Murray|publisher=tennis-x.com|accessdate=26 January 2013}}</ref>|| '''Stands alone''' |- |2012 Olympics —<br />2013 Wimbledon||Simultaneous holder o Olympic singles gowd medal an Wimbledon{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} ||[[Rafael Nadal]] |- |'''2012 Olympics —<br />2013 Wimbledon'''||'''Simultaneous holder o twa Olympic medals an twa singles Majors''' {{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}||'''Stands alone''' |} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Grand Slam tournaments !Time Span !Records at each Grand Slam tournament !Players matched |- |'''Australian Open'''||'''2010–2016'''||''' [[List of Australian Open men's singles champions|Five runner-up finishes oweraw]]'''||'''Stands alone''' |- |Australian Open||2010–2011<br>2015–2016||Twa consecutive runner-up finishes||[[Pat Cash]]<br />[[Steve Denton]]<br />[[Stefan Edberg]] |- |'''Australian Open'''||'''2010–2016'''||'''First five finals lost'''||'''Stands alone'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2015/01/4/Australian-Open-Thursday-Andy-Murray-Reaction.aspx?fb_comment_id=fbc_876603845724958_876612632390746_876612632390746#f371c0371|title=Murray "proud" after semi-final win over Berdych|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> |- |Wimbledon||2012||Latest finish for a match (11:02) vs. Marcos Baghdatis<ref>{{cite news|title=Wimbledon 2012: Andy Murray beats Marcos Baghdatis in latest finish|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/jun/30/andy-murray-beats-marcos-baghdatis|accessdate=30 June 2012|first=Kevin|last=Mitchell|location=London|date=30 June 2012|work=The Observer}}</ref>||[[Marcos Baghdatis]] |- |US Open||2012||Langest final (bi duration) vs. Novak Djokovic<ref name="USOfinal">{{cite news|title=Andy Murray wins Open, first Slam|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/usopen12/story/_/id/8364201/2012-us-open-andy-murray-wins-first-slam-novak-djokovic-rally-fizzles|accessdate=11 September 2012|publisher=ESPN}}</ref>||[[Ivan Lendl]]<br>[[Mats Wilander]]<br>[[Novak Djokovic]] |- |US Open||2012||Langest tiebreak in a final (bi pynts – 22) vs. Novak Djokovic<ref name="USOfinal" /> ||[[Novak Djokovic]] |} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Time span !Ither selected records !Players matched |- |2009–2016|| '''Five [[Queen's Club Championships]] titles'''|| '''Stands alone''' |- |2010–2011||Twa consecutive [[Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai Masters]] titles||[[Novak Djokovic]] |- |2010–2012|| '''Three consecutive Shanghai Masters finals'''||'''Stands alone''' |- |2010–2012||Three Shanghai Masters finals oweraw||[[Novak Djokovic]] |- |2010–2015||Winner o [[US Open Series]] twice||[[Rafael Nadal]]<br>[[Andy Roddick]] |- |2006–2015||Most tap-three finishes in US Open Series (five)||[[John Isner]] |- |2011||Triple bagel win (6–0, 6–0, 6–0)||[[Nikola Špear]]<br />[[Karel Nováček]]<br />[[Stefan Edberg]]<br />[[Ivan Lendl]]<br />[[Sergi Bruguera]] |- |2012||Twa medals won at the same Olympics||[[Mike Bryan]]<br />[[Stefan Edberg]]<br />[[Fernando Gonzalez]]<br />[[Goran Ivanišević]]<br />[[Nicolás Massú]]<br />[[Miloslav Mečíř]] |- |2015||Aicht Davis Cup singles wins in a year||[[John McEnroe]]<br />[[Mats Wilander]] |- |2015||Aicht live Davis Cup singles wins in a year||'''Stands alone'''<ref name="eurosport.co.uk">http://www.eurosport.co.uk/tennis/factbox-andy-murray-s-unbeaten-davis-cup-year-for-britain_sto5008636/story.shtml</ref> |- |2015||11 live Davis Cup wins in a year (singles an doubles), while remainin unbeaten||'''Stands alone'''<ref name="eurosport.co.uk"/> |} ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Official website|http://www.andymurray.com}} * {{ATP|MC10}} * {{ITF male profile|100013005}} * {{DavisCup player|100013005}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murray, Andy}} [[Category:Andy Murray|*]] [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Anglo-Scots]] [[Category:BBC Sports Personality o the Year winners]] [[Category:BBC Scotland Sports Personality o the Year]] [[Category:Clan Murray]] [[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles]] [[Category:Hopman Cup competitors]] [[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in tennis]] [[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic tennis players o Great Breetain]] [[Category:Fowk frae Dunblane]] [[Category:Scots expatriates in Spain]] [[Category:Scots male tennis players]] [[Category:Scots Olympic medallists]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Lunnon]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Glesga]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Stirlin (cooncil aurie)]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) junior champions]] [[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]] [[Category:Wimbledon champions]] tret1sq4rg1hmcjpx32khglov1iv5n2 0 52492 923062 894071 2026-09-23T07:20:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = David Charvet | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birthname = David Franck Guez | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|5|15}} | birth_place = [[Lyon]], [[Fraunce]] | death_date = | death_place = | othername = | occupation = Actor/Sangster | yearsactive = 1992–present | homepage = http://www.davidcharvet.com | spouse = [[Brooke Burke|Brooke Burke-Charvet]] (2011–present) }} '''David Charvet''' (born '''David Franck Guez'''; Mey 15, 1972) is a [[French fowk|French]] sangster an actor. ==Personal life== Charvet wis born in [[Lyon]], [[Fraunce]]. His faither is the [[History o the Jews in Tunisie|Tunisie Jewish]] businessman Paul Guez.<ref>[http://www.nasdaq.com/reference/200606/market_open_062006.stm Paul Guez business info]</ref> His mither, Christiane Charvet, is [[French fowk|French]].<ref>[http://www.interfaithfamily.com/arts_and_entertainment/popular_culture/Interfaith_Celebrities_Kicking_Off_Football_Season_and_the_Emmy_Awards.shtml Interfaith Families.com: "Interfaith Celebrities: Kicking Off Football Season and the Emmy Awards" by Nate Bloom] September 16, 2008</ref> Charvet wis raised in a Jewish household.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Zuckerman|first=Blaine|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Brooke Burke & David Charvet: Our Blended Traditions|journal=[[People (magazine)|People]]|volume=|issue=|page=|publisher=|year=2010|url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2010/12/25/brooke-burke-david-charvet-our-blended-traditions/|doi=|id=|accessdate=2012-03-22|archive-date=2015-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403031644/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2010/12/25/brooke-burke-david-charvet-our-blended-traditions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He an his siblins speak [[French leid|French]] as thair first leid. He won a [[United States Permanent Resident Card|green card]] throu the [[Morrison visa]] lottery in the early 1990s. Till recently, Charvet lived in his native Fraunce, whaur he toured (amang ither pairts o Europe) as a sangster. Charvet an [[Brooke Burke|Brooke Burke-Charvet]] hae twa childer thegither: a dochter, Heaven Rain (born 8 Januar 2007), an a son, Shaya Braven (born 5 Mairch 2008). Burke-Charvet awready haed twa dochters frae a previous relationship.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.celebrity-babies.com/2008/03/brooke-burke--1.html |title=Children's infosite |access-date=2013-06-09 |archive-date=2008-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404035518/http://www.celebrity-babies.com/2008/03/brooke-burke--1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thay mairit on August 12, 2011 and currently reside in Californie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20513593,00.html |title=Brooke Burke and David Charvet Wed |access-date=2013-06-09 |archive-date=2013-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419155948/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20513593,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Career== Charvet (uisin his mither's maiden name as his profeesional name) caucht his big break in 1992 on the American telly program ''[[Baywatch]]'' as [[Matt Brody]] an remained wi the series for three full series, till 1995. Charvet appeared as Craig Field on producer [[Aaron Spelling]]'s soap opera ''[[Melrose Place]]'' frae 1996 tae 1998. Atween 1995–1999, he appeared in ''Seduced and Betrayed'', ''Derby'', ''Angel Flight Down'' an ''Meet Prince Charming''. Charvet left actin in 1999 tae concentrate on his muisical career. In 2006, he returned tae actin in a movie directit bi [[Roger Christian (filmmaker)|Roger Christian]] cried ''[[Prisoners of the Sun (film)|Prisoners of the Sun]]'', due for release in 2009. He is going tae appear in the film ''[[Green Flash (film)|Green Flash]]'' an ''[[Nephilim (film)|Nephilim]]'' an aw. In 2009, he wis a contestant in ABC's simmer reality show ''[[The Superstars (2009 edition)]]'' an came in 3rd wi pairtner Lisa Leslie. ''[[Green Flash (film)|Green Flash]]'' wis released in the US on 14 Julie 2009 as ''[[Beach Kings]]''.<ref>[http://www.twitpic.com/5m1fb Beach Kings DVD cover]</ref> In 2010, he wis a contestant in the French [[reality show]] ''[[La Ferme Célébrités]]'' (French version o ''[[The Farm (TV series)|The Farm]]''). The show wis broadcast on [[TF1]]. In Juin 2010, Charvet jynt ''[[The Blue Seals]]'', a nan profit organisation aimed at providin a rapid response tae environmental emergencies, focusin on oceans preservation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blueseals.org/index/home |title=BlueSeals.org |access-date=2013-06-09 |archive-date=2010-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927080812/http://blueseals.org/index/home |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is a member o The Blue Seals Buird of Directors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.blueseals.org/index/aboutus |title=BlueSeals.org |access-date=2013-06-09 |archive-date=2010-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826050657/http://www.blueseals.org/index/aboutus |url-status=dead }}</ref> an wirks on raisin awareness on the Deepwater Horizon ile spill disaster, helpin French company Ecoceane's ships designed tae collect floatin waste an hydrocarbons tae tak pairt in the cleanin an aw. At the same time, a plan tae hire unemployed veterans for biggin ships uisin this French technology will be unveiled bi U.S. Congressman [[Bob Filner]] (D-CA).<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blue-seals-congressman-bob-filner-and-actress-brooke-burke-in-louisiana-on-tuesday-to-announce-plan-to-hire-unemployed-veterans-to-build-gulf-oil-spill-clean-up-boats-95610534.html Press Release]</ref> ==Filmografie== * ''[[Baywatch]]'' (1992–1995) * ''[[Seduced and Betrayed]]'' (1995) * ''[[Derby (film)|Derby]]'' (1995) * ''[[Angel Flight Down]]'' (1996) * ''[[Melrose Place]]'' (1996–1998) * ''[[Meet Prince Charming]]'' (1999) * ''[[Green Flash (film)|Green Flash]]'' (2009); US title: ''Beach Kings'' * ''[[Prisoners of the Sun (film)|Prisoners of the Sun]]'' (2009) * ''[[The Perfect Teacher (film)|The Perfect Teacher]]'' (2010); Spainyie title: ''Falsa Inocencia''; French title: ''Une Elève Trop Parfaite'' * ''[[Nephilim (film)|Nephilim]]'' (2010) ==Reality-shows== * ''[[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]]'' (2008–2009) (15 episodes) * ''[[The Superstars (2009 edition)]]'' * ''[[La Ferme Célébrités]]'' (2010) ==Music== Charvet haes released three albums in the past ten years an is currently wirkin on his fowert. ==Discografie== ===Albums=== * ''David Charvet'' (1997) * ''Leap of Faith'' (2002) * ''Se laisser quelque chose'' (2004) ===Singles=== * "Should I Leave" (1997) * "Regarde-toi" (1997) * "Jusqu'au bout" (Leap of faith) (2002) * "Apprendre à aimer" (Teach me how tae luve) (2002) * "Take you there" (2003) * "Je te dédie" (2004) * "Sometimes it rains" (2006) ===Digital release=== * "I Swim with the birds" (2010) ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{IMDB name|1039|David Charvet}} * [http://www.davidcharvet.com David Charvet Official Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107015416/http://www.davidcharvet.com/ |date=2006-01-07 }} * [http://www.facebook.com/pages/David-Charvet/115302141491 David Charvet Official Page] {{DEFAULTSORT:Charvet, David}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:French expatriates in the Unitit States]] [[Category:French male film actors]] [[Category:French male sangsters]] [[Category:French male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Jewish actors]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Lyon]] [[Category:French Jews]] cm59zc98gbjnxex5sej6mw2cq6n551d 0 53530 923023 918181 2026-09-23T01:32:14Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tennis biography |name=Andy Roddick |image=Andy Roddick US Open 2009 368 crop.jpg |image_size=225 |caption=Roddick in 2009 |name=Andy Roddick |nickname=A-Rod |country={{flagu|Unitit States}} |residence=[[Austin, Texas]] |birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|1982|8|30}} |birth_place=[[Omaha, Nebraska]] |spouse=[[Brooklyn Decker]] |height=1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)<ref name="FrenchProfile">{{cite web|url=http://2010.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/players/overview/atpr485.html|title=Roland Garros – The 2010 French Open – Official Site by IBM|publisher=2010.rolandgarros.com|accessdate=May 17, 2011|archive-date=2011-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531100251/http://2010.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/players/overview/atpr485.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |weight={{convert|88.6|kg|lb}}<ref name="FrenchProfile" /> |turnedpro=2000 |retired= September 5, 2012 |careerprizemoney=[[US$|$]]20,637,390 *<small>&nbsp;[[ATP Tour records#Earnins|10t&nbsp;aw-time&nbsp;leader&nbsp;in&nbsp;earnins]] |plays=Ricgt-haundit<br> (twa-haundit backhaund) |singlesrecord=612–213 (74.18%) |singlestitles=32 |highestsinglesranking=No. '''1''' (November 3, 2003) |AustralianOpenresult=SF ([[2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2003]], [[2005 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2005]], [[2007 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2007]], [[2009 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2009]]) |FrenchOpenresult=4R ([[2009 French Open – Men's Singles|2009]]) |Wimbledonresult=F ([[2004 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2004]], [[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2005]], [[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2009]]) |USOpenresult='''W''' ([[2003 US Open – Men's Singles|2003]]) |Othertournaments=yes |MastersCupresult=SF ([[2003 Tennis Masters Cup#Singles|2003]], [[2004 Tennis Masters Cup#Singles|2004]], [[2007 Tennis Masters Cup#Singles|2007]]) |Olympicsresult=3R ([[Tennis at the 2004 Simmer Olympics – Men's singles|2004]]) |doublesrecord=67–50 (57.26%) |doublestitles=4 |highestdoublesranking=No. 50 (Januar 11, 2010) |grandslamsdoublesresults=yes |AustralianOpenDoublesresult=- |FrenchOpenDoublesresult=1R (2009) |WimbledonDoublesresult=1R (2001) |USOpenDoublesresult=2R (1999, 2000) |updated=September 10, 2012 }} '''Andrew Stephen''' "'''Andy'''" '''Roddick''' (born August 30, 1982) is a retired American [[professional tennis player]] an umwhile [[Leet o ATP nummer 1 ranked singles players|warld no. 1]]. He became a [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] singles champion whan he wan the title at the [[2003 US Open (tennis)|2003 US Open]], defeatin [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]] in the final. He is the noo the last North American male player tae win a Grand Slam singles event. Roddick reached fower ither Grand Slam finals ([[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] in 2004, 2005, an 2009, an the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] in 2006), losin tae [[Roger Federer]] in aw fower. He is mairit tae [[Brooklyn Decker]], a ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue|Sports Illustrated]]'' swimwear model an actress. On August 30, 2012, durin the [[2012 US Open (tennis)|2012 US Open]] an on his 30t birthday, Roddick annoonced that he would retire efter the toornament. Follaein a fowert-roond defeat tae [[Juan Martín del Potro]], Roddick retired frae the sport wi the aim o focusin on his foondation in futur years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/19498213|title=Andy Roddick retires after US Open defeat by Del Potro|accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> ==Career statistics== {{Main|Andy Roddick career statistics}} ===Grand Slam Tournaments=== ====History==== {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;font-size:97% |- !Toornament!!2000!!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006 !!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!2012!!|SR!!W–L |- |align=left|[[Australian Open]] |A |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2002 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=yellow|[[2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2004 Australian Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=yellow|[[2005 Australian Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2006 Australian Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=yellow|[[2007 Australian Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2008 Australian Open – Men's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=yellow|[[2009 Australian Open – Men's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2010 Australian Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2011 Australian Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2012 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2R]] |0 / 11 |38–11 |- |align=left|[[French Open]] |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2001 French Open – Men's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2002 French Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2003 French Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2004 French Open – Men's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2005 French Open – Men's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2006 French Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2007 French Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2009 French Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2010 French Open – Men's Singles|3R]] |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2012 French Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |0 / 10 |9–10 |- |align=left|[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=yellow|[[2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=thistle|[[2004 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=thistle|[[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=thistle|[[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|3R]] |0 / 12 |41–12 |- |align=left|[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2000 US Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2001 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2002 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=lime|[[2003 US Open – Men's Singles|'''W]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2004 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2005 US Open – Men's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=thistle|[[2006 US Open – Men's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2007 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2008 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2009 US Open – Men's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2010 US Open – Men's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=#ffebcd|[[2011 US Open – Men's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=#afeeee|[[2012 US Open – Men's Singles|4R]] |1 / 13 |43–12 |- !style=text-align:left|Wan–Lost !0–1 !8–3 !7–4 !17–3 !15–4 !12–4 !11–4 !13–4 !7–3 !16–4 !10–4 !9–3 !6–4 !1 / 46 !131–45 |} ====Finals: 5 (1 teetle, 4 runners-up)==== {|class="sortable wikitable" style=font-size:97% !Outcome !Year !width=200|Championship !Surface !width=200|Opponent !width=200|Score |-bgcolor=#CCCCFF |bgcolor=#98fb98|Winner||2003||[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|23px]] [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]]||6–3, 7–6^(7–2), 6–3 |-bgcolor=#ccffcc |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up||2004||[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]||Gress||[[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|18px]] [[Roger Federer]]||6–4, 5–7, 6–7^(3–7), 4–6 |-bgcolor=#ccffcc |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up||2005||Wimbledon||Gress||[[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|18px]] Roger Federer||2–6, 6–7^(2–7), 4–6 |-bgcolor=#CCCCFF |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up||2006||US Open||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|18px]] Roger Federer||2–6, 6–4, 5–7, 1–6 |-bgcolor=#ccffcc |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up||2009||Wimbledon||Gress||[[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|18px]] Roger Federer||7–5, 6–7^(6–8), 6–7^(5–7), 6–3, 14–16 |} ===Masters Series=== ====Finals: 9 (5 teetles, 4 runners-up)==== {|class="sortable wikitable" style=font-size:97% !Ootcome !Year !width=200|Championship !Surface !width=200|Opponent !width=200|Score |- |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||2002||[[Canada Masters|Canada (Toronto)]] <small> (1)||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|23px]] [[Guillermo Cañas]]||4–6, 5–7 |- |bgcolor=#98fb98|Winner||2003||[[Canada Masters|Montreal]]||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|23px]] [[David Nalbandian]]||6–1, 6–3 |- |bgcolor=#98fb98|Winner||2003||[[Cincinnati Masters|Cincinnati]]||Haurd||[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|23px]] [[Mardy Fish]]||4–6, 7–6^(7–3), 7–6<sup>(7–4) |- |bgcolor=#98fb98|Winner||2004||[[Miami Masters|Miami]]||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|23px]] [[Guillermo Coria]]||6–7^(2–7), 6–3, 6–1, ret. |- |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up||2004||Toronto (2)||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|18px]] [[Roger Federer]]||5–7, 3–6 |- |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up||2005||[[Cincinnati Masters|Cincinnati]]||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|18px]] Roger Federer||3–6, 5–7 |- |bgcolor=#98fb98|Winner||2006||Cincinnati (2)||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|23px]] [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]]||6–3, 6–4 |- |bgcolor=#ffa07a|Runner-up||2010||[[Indian Wells Masters|Indian Wells]]||Haurd||[[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|23px]] [[Ivan Ljubičić]]||6–7^(3–7), 6–7<sup>(5–7) |- |bgcolor=#98fb98|Winner||2010||Miami (2)||Haurd||[[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|23px]] [[Tomáš Berdych]]||7–5, 6–4 |} ===Records=== * These records wur attained in [[Open Era]] o tennis. {|class=wikitable style=font-size:97% |-bgcolor="#efefef" |width=200|Championship||Years||Record accomplished||width=200|Player tied |- |Wimbledon||2009||39 gemmes wan in a Grand Slam final<ref>{{cite web|title=Roddick looks forward to ‘laid-back’ Eastbourne|url=http://www.eastbourneherald.co.uk/sport/tennis/roddick-looks-forward-to-laid-back-eastbourne-1-3960995|date=June 16, 2012|accessdate=June 17, 2012|publisher=Eastbourne Herald|quote=[H]e holds the record of most games won in a Grand Slam final at 39.}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>||'''Stands alone''' |- ||ATP Warld Tour||2007||18 consecutive tiebreaks wan<ref>{{cite web|title=Andy Roddick – Career Highlights|publisher=ATP World Tour|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Andy-Roddick.aspx|accessdate=August 31, 2012|quote=2007 — Led ATP circuit with...an Open Era record 18 straight won from February (Memphis) through early July (Wimbledon).}}</ref>||'''Stands alone''' |- |US Open||2004||Fastest serve in a Grand Slam toornament (152&nbsp;mph)||'''Stands alone''' |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.andyroddick.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040705032600/http://www.andyroddick.com/ |date=2004-07-05 }} *{{ATP|R485}} *{{ITF male profile|10022361}} *{{DavisCup player|10022361}} *[http://www.arfoundation.org/ Andy Roddick Foondation] *[http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_758.htm Andy's U.S. Olympic Team bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20040823025730/http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_758.htm |date=2004-08-23 }} ... wi airtins tae photo gallery *[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/writers/frank_deford/05/11/deford.sportsmanship/ In losin a match, Roddick acame a true sportsman]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407003706/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/writers/frank_deford/05/11/deford.sportsmanship/ |date=2009-04-07 }}, a Mey 2005 airticle written bi [[Frank Deford]] *[http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8347427/ Roddick reverses fairm on the lawns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106132344/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8347427/ |date=2007-11-06 }} *{{IMDb name|1496310}} *[http://www.roddicktotaltennis.com/ Tennis Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913042745/http://roddicktotaltennis.com/ |date=2017-09-13 }} – Roddick Tot Tennis Academy {{Australian Open boys' singles champions}} {{US Open boys' singles champions}} {{US Open men's singles champions}} {{Tennis Warld ATP Nummer Anes (men)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roddick, Andy}} [[Category:American male tennis players]] [[Category:Australian Open junior champions]] [[Category:Olympic tennis players o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Fowk frae Austin, Texas]] [[Category:Fowk frae Boca Raton, Florida]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Omaha, Nebraska]] [[Category:Tennis fowk frae Florida]] [[Category:Tennis fowk frae Nebraska]] [[Category:Tennis owk frae Texas]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2004 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) junior champions]] [[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]] [[Category:1982 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles]] ni0cvmnt11ib8h13ngdnew8yj113ron 0 53804 923087 908226 2026-09-23T10:31:27Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox | name = Giant panda<br>(''Ailuropoda melanoleuca'') | status = VU | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite journal | authors = Swaisgood, R.; Wang, D.; Wei, F. | title = ''Ailuropoda melanoleuca'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume= 2016 | page = e.T712A45033386 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | year = 2016 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/712/0 | accessdate = 5 September 2016}}</ref> | image = Grosser Panda.JPG | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Giant panda at the [[Ocean Park Hong Kong]] | display_parents = 2 | genus = Ailuropoda | species = melanoleuca | authority = [[Armand David|David]], 1869 | subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]] | subdivision = *''[[#Subspecies|A. m. melanoleuca]]'' *''[[Qinling panda|A. m. qinlingensis]]'' | range_map = Mapa distribuicao Ailuropoda melanoleuca.png | range_map_caption = Giant panda range }} [[File:Pandas playing 640x480.ogv|thumb|Panda]] The '''panda''' (''Ailuropoda melanoleuca'', <small>lit.</small> "black an white cat-fit"),<ref name="Scheff Duncan">{{cite book|last=Scheff|first=Duncan|title=Giant Pandas|edition=illustrated|series=Animals of the rain forest|year=2002|publisher=Heinemann-Raintree Library|isbn=0-7398-5529-8|page=7}}</ref> kent as the '''giant panda''' tae distinguish it frae the unrelatit [[reid panda]], is a [[beir]]<ref name="Lindburg, Donald G.; Baragona, Karen 2004">{{cite book |author=Lindburg, Donald G.; Baragona, Karen|title=Giant Pandas: Biology and Conservation |url=https://archive.org/details/giantpandasbiolo0000unse|publisher=University of California Press|year=2004|isbn=0-520-23867-2|oclc= }}</ref> native tae central-wastren an sooth wastren [[Cheenae]].<ref name=wwf1>{{cite web | url = http://panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/our_solutions/endangered_species/giant_panda/index.cfm | title = Global Species Programme&nbsp;– Giant panda | publisher=World Wildlife Fund | date = 14 November 2007 | accessdate =22 July 2008}}</ref> It is easy kent fae the lairge, kenspeckle black splatches aboot its een, ower the lugs, an athort its roond body. Tho it belangs order [[Carnivora]], the panda's diet is 99% [[bamboo]].<ref>Quote: "Bamboo forms 99 percent of a panda's diet", "more than 99 percent of their diet is bamboo": p. 63 of {{harvnb|Lumpkin|Seidensticker|2007}} (as seen in the 2002 edition).</ref> Pandas in the wilderness will bytimes eat ither gresses, wild tubers, or even meat in the fairm o birds, rodents or carrion. In captivity, thay mey receive hinny, eggs, fish, yams, [[scrog]] leafs, orangers, or bananaes alang wi specially prepared fuid. Male Panda can forby be refert tae as “ousie cou” in some culturs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animal.discovery.com/mammals/giant-panda/|title=Giant Panda|publisher=Discovery Communications, LLC|accessdate=8 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/PandaFacts/default.cfm|title=Giant Pandas|publisher=National Zoological Park|accessdate=7 November 2010}}</ref>, mainly in [[Sichuan]] province, but in the [[Shaanxi]] an [[Gansu]] provinces an aa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scheff|first=Duncan|title=Giant Pandas|edition=illustrated|series=Animals of the rain forest|year=2002|publisher=Heinemann-Raintree Library|isbn=0-7398-5529-8|page=8}}</ref> As a result o fairming, [[deforestation]] an ither development, the panda haes been boustit oot o the lawland auries whaur it uised tae bide. The panda is a [[conservation reliant species|conservation reliant]] [[endangered species]].<ref name="wwf1"/> A 2007 report shaws 239 pandas livin in captivity within Cheenae an anither 27 ootwi the kintra.<ref name="Xinhua1">{{cite news | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-11/08/content_7034856.htm | title = Number of pandas successfully bred in China down from last year | work = [[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]] | date = 8 November 2007 | accessdate = 22 July 2008 | archive-date = 2008-07-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080723230005/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-11/08/content_7034856.htm | url-status = dead}}</ref> Wild population estimates vary; ane estimate shaws that thare aboot 1,590 individuals livin in the wild,<ref name="Xinhua1" /> while a 2006 study via [[genetic fingerprintin|DNA analysis]] estimatit that this figur could be as heich as 2,000 tae 3,000.<ref name="BBC_06-07">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5085006.stm |title=Hope for future of giant panda|work=BBC News |date=20 June 2006|accessdate=14 February 2007 | first=Helen | last=Briggs}}</ref> Some reports forby shaw that the nummer o pandas in the wild is on the rise.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2006-08-08T130946Z_01_PEK19201_RTRUKOC_0_US-CHINA-PANDA.xml&pageNumber=0&imageid=&cap=&sz=13&WTModLoc=NewsArt-C1-ArticlePage2 |title=Giant panda gives birth to giant cub |publisher=Today.reuters.com |accessdate=14 March 2009 |archive-date=2007-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922102302/http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=topNews |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="pandasinc">{{cite news |first=Lynne |last=Warren |title=Pandas, Inc. |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0607/feature1/?fs=animals-panther.nationalgeographic.com |publisher=[[National Geographic Magazine|National Geographic]] |date = July 2006|accessdate=10 April 2008 }}</ref> In 2016, the [[IUCN]] reclassifee'd the species frae Endangered tae Vulnerable.<ref name="iucn"/> Awtho the [[Cheenese dragon|dragon]] haes aften served as Cheenae's [[naitional emblem]], internationally the panda appears at least as commonly. As sic a thing is the case, it is becomin widely uised athin Cheenae in international contexts, for ensample the five [[Fuwa]] mascots o the [[Beijing Olympics]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Giant_Panda BBC Naitur:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221090507/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Giant_Panda |date=2012-12-21 }} Giant panda news, an video clips frae BBC programmes past an present. *[http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/giantpanda/ GLOBIO's Glossopedia; Giant Panda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707123356/http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/giantpanda |date=2013-07-07 }} – Childer's science an naitur encyclopedie *[http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/s1755621.htm Panda Pioneer: the release o the first captive-bred panda 'Xiang Xiang' in 2006] *[http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/our_solutions/endangered_species/giant_panda/index.cfm WWF] – environmental conservation organization *[http://www.pandasinternational.org/index.html Pandas Internaitional] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405072805/http://www.pandasinternational.org/index.html |date=2010-04-05 }} – panda conservation group *[http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/ Naitional Zoo Live Panda Cams] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818212820/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/ |date=2016-08-18 }} – Baby Panda Tai Shan an mither Mei Xiang *[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ailuropoda_melanoleuca.html Information frae Animal Diversity] *[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13746175 NPR News 2007/08/20 – Panda Romance Stems Frae Bamboo] * View the [http://www.ensembl.org/Ailuropoda_melanoleuca/Info/Index/ panda genome] on [[Ensembl]]. *https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/giant-panda {{DEFAULTSORT:Giant Panda}} [[Category:Giant pandas| ]] [[Category:Naitional seembols o Cheenae]] [[Category:EDGE species]] [[Category:Conservation reliant species]] [[Category:Megafauna o Eurasie]] [[Category:Mammals o Cheenae]] [[Category:Fauna o East Asie]] [[Category:Yerbivorous ainimals]] [[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1869]] n91bs6i8lc8zyr6v14x74w82mrvnhn9 0 54189 923053 922651 2026-09-23T05:36:19Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|September 2020}} {{Speciesbox | name = Cheetah | fossil_range = [[Pleistocene]]–[[Holocene]], {{fossilrange|1.9|0}} | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Durant, S. |author2=Mitchell, N. |author3=Ipavec, A. |author4=Groom, R.|title=''Acinonyx jubatus'' |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |date=2015 |volume=2015 |page=e.T219A50649567 |publisher=[[IUCN]] |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/219/50649567 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T219A50649567.en}}</ref> | image = Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) female 2.jpg | image_caption = Female cheetah in [[KwaZulu Natal]], [[Sooth Africa]] | image2 = Acoustic-Structure-and-Contextual-Use-of-Calls-by-Captive-Male-and-Female-Cheetahs-(Acinonyx-pone.0158546.s001.oga | image2_caption = Acoustic repertoire o cheetahs | taxon = Acinonyx jubatus | authority = ([[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1775) | subdivision_ranks = Subspeshies | subdivision = *[[Acinonyx jubatus jubatus|''A. j. jubatus'']] <small>(Schreber, 1775)</small> *[[Asiatic cheetah|''A. j. venaticus'']] <small>([[Edward Griffith (zoologist)|Griffith]], 1821)</small> *[[Northeast African cheetah|''A. j. soemmeringii'']] <small>([[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1855)</small> *[[Northwast African cheetah|''A. j. hecki'']] <small>([[:de:Max Hilzheimer|Hilzheimer]], 1913)</small> | synonyms_ref = | range_map = Cheetah_range.gif | range_map_caption = The range o the cheetah {{leftlegend|#FBCEB1|Umwhile range|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#EDAD86|Law density|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#EB713C|Medium density|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#FE2712|Heich density|outline=gray}} }} [[File:Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) crossing the road.webm|thumb|Cheetah]] The '''cheetah''' (''Acinonyx jubatus''), is a [[big cat]] that for common bides in eastren an soothren Africae an a few pairts o [[Iran]]. The anly [[extant taxon|livin member]] o the [[Genus (biology)|genus]] ''[[Acinonyx]]'', the cheetah wis first [[scienteefic description|describit]] bi [[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber]] in 1775. The cheetah is kenspeckle for its slender bouk, deep chest, spottit [[Coat (ainimal)|coat]], a smaw roond heid, black tear-lik streaks on the face, lang thin legs an a lang spottit tail. Its lichtly biggit, slender form is in sharp contrast wi the robust big o the ither [[big cat]]s. The cheetah reaches nearly {{convert|70|to|90|cm|in|abbr=on}} at the shouder, an wechs {{convert|21|-|72|kg|abbr=on}}. Tho tawer nor the [[leopard]], it is notably smawer nor the [[lion]]. Basically yellaeish tan or rufous tae greyish white, the coat is uniformly covered wi nearly 2,000 solit black spots. Cheetah are active mainly during the day, wi huntin its major activity. Adult males are sociable despite thair [[Territory (animal)|territoriality]], formin groups cried "coaleetions". Females are nae territorial; thay mey be solitary or live wi thair affspring in [[hame range]]s. [[Carnivore]]s, cheetah mainly prey upon [[antelope]]s an [[gazelle]]s. Thay will stalk thair prey tae within {{convert|100|–|300|m|ft|-1}}, chairge taewart it an kill it bi trippin it during the chase an bitin its throat tae suffocate it tae daith. The cheetah's bouk is specialised for speed; it is the [[Fastest ainimals|fastest]] laund ainimal. The speed o a huntin cheetah averages {{convert|64|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} during a sprint; the chase is interspersed wi a few short bursts o speed, when the ainimal can clock {{convert|112|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Cheetahs are [[Induced ovulation (ainimals)|induced ovulator]]s, breedin throughout the year. [[Gestation]] is nearly three month lang, resultin in a litter o teepically three tae five cubs (the nummer can vary frae ane tae aicht). Weanin occurs at sax month; siblings tend tae stay thegither for some time. Cheetah cubs face heicher mortality nor maist ither mammals, especially in the [[Serengeti]] region. Cheetahs indwall a variety o habitats{{snds}}dry forests, [[scrub forest]]s an [[savanna]]hs. Clessifee'd as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] bi the [[IUCN]], the cheetah haes suffered a substantial decline in its historic range due taeo rampant huntin in the 20t century. Several African kintras hae taken steps tae improve the staundarts o cheetah conservation. Thanks tae its prowess at huntin, the cheetah wis tamed an uised tae kill gemme at hunts in the past. The ainimal haes been widely depictit in airt, leeteratur, advertisin an ainimation. ==Etymology== The vernacular name "cheetah" ({{IPA-en|ˈchē-tə|pron}}) is derived frae the [[Hindi]] wird चीता (''cītā''), which in turn comes frae the [[Sanskrit]] wird चित्रकायः (''{{IAST|citrakāyaḥ}}'') meanin "bricht" or "[[Variegation|variegatit]]". The first recordit uise o this wird wis in 1610.<ref>{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|Cheetah|accessdate=12 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Oxford Dictionaries|Cheetah|accessdate=22 March 2016}}</ref> An alternative name for the cheetah is "huntin leopard".<ref name="mair">{{cite book |last1 = Mair |first1 = V.H. |title = Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World |url = https://archive.org/details/contactexchangei0000unse |date = 2006 |publisher = University of Hawai'i Press |location = Hawai'i, Honolulu |isbn = 978-0-8248-2884-4 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/contactexchangei0000unse/page/116 116]–23 |oclc=62896389}}</ref> The [[scienteefic name]] o the cheetah is ''Acinonyx jubatus''.<ref name=MSW3/> The [[generic name (biology)|generic name]] ''Acinonyx'' coud hae oreeginatit frae the combination o twa [[Greek leid|Greek]] wirds: ''akinetos'' means motionless, an ''onyx'' means [[claw]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Acinonyx | title=Definition of Acinonyx | publisher=Merriam-Webster | work=Dictionary and Thesaurus | accessdate=11 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=The carnivores of West Africa| author=Rosevear, D.R.| year=1974| publisher=British Museum (Natural History)|page=492| url=https://archive.org/stream/carnivoresofwest00rose#page/491/mode/1up}}</ref> A rough translation o the wird wad be "non-muivin claws", a reference tae the leemitit retractability (capability o bein drawn inside the paw) o the claws o the cheetah relative tae ither cats'. The [[speceefic name (zoology)|speceefic name]] ''jubatus'' means "maned" in [[Laitin]], referrin tae the [[Dorsal (location)|dorsal]] crest o this ainimal.<ref name=catsg>{{cite web |title = ''Acinonyx jubatus'' |url = http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/01_information/1_2_species-information/species-information.htm#Phylogenetic%20history |publisher = [[IUCN]] Cat Specialist Group |accessdate = 6 May 2014 |archive-date = 2017-07-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170721022535/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/01_information/1_2_species-information/species-information.htm#Phylogenetic%20history |url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Taxonomy== {{cladogram|align=left|title= |caption=The ''Puma'' lineage, depictit alang wi the ''Lynx'' an ''Felis'' lineages o the faimily [[Felid]]ae<ref name="werdelin" /><ref name="Mattern and McLennan">{{cite journal |last1 = Mattern |first1 = M.Y. |first2 = D.A. |last2 = McLennan |year = 2000 |title = Phylogeny and speciation of felids |journal = [[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]] |volume = 16 |pages = 232–53 |doi = 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x |issue = 2 |url = https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Deborah_Mclennan/publication/229782333_Phylogeny_and_Speciation_of_Felids/links/02e7e521c97244a58a000000.pdf?inViewer=0&pdfJsDownload=0&origin=publication_detail }} {{open access}}</ref> |1={{clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%;width:300px; |1={{clade |label1=''[[Lynx (genus)|Lynx]]'' |1={{clade |1= {{clade |1=''Lynx rufus'' ([[Bobcat]]) |2={{clade |1=''L. canadensis'' ([[Canadian lynx]]) |2={{clade |1=''L. pardinus'' ([[Iberian lynx]]) |2=''L. lynx'' ([[Eurasian lynx]]) }}}}}} |2={{clade |label1=''[[Puma (genus)|Puma]]'' |1={{clade |1= ''Acinonyx jubatus'' (Cheetah) |2={{clade |1=''Puma concolor'' ([[Cougar]]) |2=''P. yagouaroundi'' ([[Jaguarundi]])}}}} |label2=''[[Felis]]'' |2={{clade |1=''Felis chaus'' ([[Jungle cat]]) |2={{clade |1=''F. nigripes'' ([[Black-footed cat]]) |2={{clade |1=''F. silvestris silvestris'' ([[European wildcat]]) |2=''F. margarita'' ([[Sand cat]]) |3={{clade |1=''F. silvestris lybica'' ([[African wildcat]]) |2=''F. catus'' ([[Domestic cat]]) }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} The cheetah is the anly extant [[species]] o the [[Genus (biology)|genus]] ''[[Acinonyx]]''. It is clessifee'd unner the [[subfaimily]] [[Felinae]] an [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Felidae]], the faimily that includes lairge cats sic as the [[lion]], [[teeger]] an [[leopard]] an aa. The species wis first [[scienteefic description|describit]] bi German naituralist [[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber]] in his 1775 publication ''Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen''.<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Wozencraft |id=14000006 |pages=532-533}}</ref> The cheetah's closest relatives are the [[cougar]] (''Puma concolor'') an the [[jaguarundi]] (''P.{{nbsp}}yagouaroundi''). Thir three species thegither form the ''Puma'' lineage, ane o the aicht lineages o Felidae.<ref name="werdelin">{{cite book|last1=Werdelin|first1=L.|last2=Yamaguchi|first2=N.|last3=Johnson|first3=W.E.|last4=O'Brien|first4=S.J.|chapter=Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)|date=2010|pages=59–82|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nobuyuki_Yamaguchi3/publication/266755142_Phylogeny_and_evolution_of_cats_Felidae/links/543ba0710cf2d6698be30c5e.pdf|editor1-last=Macdonald|editor1-first=D.W.|editor2-last=Loveridge|editor2-first=A.J.|title=Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=978-0-19-923445-5|edition=Reprinted}}</ref><ref name=johnson>{{cite journal |pmid = 9071018 |year = 1997 |last1 = Johnson |first1 = W.E. |last2 = O'Brien |first2 = S.J. |title = Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes |volume = 44 Suppl. 1 |pages = S98–S116 |journal = [[Journal of Molecular Evolution]] |doi = 10.1007/PL00000060 }}</ref><ref name="wcw">{{cite book |last1 = Sunquist |first1 = F. |last2 = Sunquist |first2 = M. |title = Wild Cats of the World |url = https://archive.org/details/wildcatsworld00sunq |date = 2002 |publisher = The University of Chicago Press |location = Chicago, USA |isbn = 978-0-226-77999-7 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/wildcatsworld00sunq/page/n46 14]–36 }}</ref> The [[sister group]] o the ''Puma'' lineage is a clade o smawer Auld Warld cats that includes the genera ''[[Felis]]'', ''[[Otocolobus]]'' an ''[[Prionailurus]]''.<ref name="Mattern and McLennan"/><ref name="heptner">{{cite book |last1 = Heptner |first1 = V.G. |title = Mammals of the Soviet Union |url = https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsovietu0001gept |year = 1992 |publisher = Brill |location = Leiden, Netherlands |isbn = 978-90-04-08876-4 |page = [https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsovietu0001gept/page/61 61] }}</ref> ===Subspecies=== [[File:Acinonyx jubatus subspecies range.png|thumb|right|Subspecies' range]] The five recognised [[subspecies]] o the cheetah are:<ref name=itis>{{ITIS|taxon=''Acinonyx jubatus''|id=183813|accessdate=13 February 2016}}</ref> *'''[[Asiatic cheetah]]''' (''A. j. venaticus'') <small>([[Edward Griffith (zoologist)|Griffith]], 1821)</small>: Cried the '''Iranian''' or '''Indian cheetah''' an aa. Umwhile occurred across soothwastren Asie an Indie.<ref name="hildyard">{{cite book |last1 = Hildyard |first1 = A. |title = Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World |date = 2001 |publisher = Marshall Cavendish |location = New York, USA |isbn = 978-0-7614-7196-7 |pages = 250–1 }}</ref> Accordin tae the Internaitional Union for Conservation o Naitur an Naitural Resoorces ([[IUCN]]), it is confined tae [[Iran]], an is sicweys the anly survivin cheetah subspecies indigenous tae Asie. It haes been clessifee'd as [[Creetically Endangered]].<ref name=iucn2>{{IUCN |assessors=Durant, S., Marker, L., Purchase, N., Belbachir, F., Hunter, L., Packer, C., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C., Sogbohossou, E. and Bauer, H. |year=2008 |id=220 |title=''Acinonyx jubatus'' ssp. ''venaticus'' |version=2015.2}}</ref> A 2004 study estimatit the tot population at 50 tae 60.<ref name=farhadinia>{{cite journal |last1 = Farhadinia |first1 = M.S. |title = The last stronghold: Cheetah in Iran |journal = Cat News |year = 2004 |pages = 11–14 |url = http://wildlife.ir/Files/library/IranianCheetah_Farhadinia2004.pdf |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2016-03-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235142/http://www.wildlife.ir/Files/library/IranianCheetah_Farhadinia2004.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> Later, a 2007 study gae the tot population in Iran as 60 tae 100; the majority o individuals war likely tae be juveniles. The population haes declined sharply syne the mid-1970s.<ref name="hunter2007">{{cite journal |last2 = Jowkar |first2 = H. |last3 = Ziaie |first3 = H. |last4 = Schaller |first4 = G. |last5 = Balme |first5 = G. |last6 = Walzer |first6 = C. |last7 = Ostrowski |first7 = S. |last8 = Zahler |first8 = P. |last9 = Robert-Charrue |first9 = N.|last10=Kashiri|first10=K. |last11 = Christie |first11 = S. |last1 = Hunter |first1 = L. |title = Conserving the Asiatic cheetah in Iran: launching the first radio-telemetry study |journal = Cat News |year = 2007 |volume = 46 |pages = 8–11 }}</ref> As o 2012, anly twa captive individuals are kent.<ref name="CatWatch">{{cite web|last1=Hunter|first1=L.|title=Finding the Last Cheetahs of Iran|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2012/10/25/finding-the-last-cheetahs-of-iran/|website=Cat Watch|publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]|accessdate=4 May 2016|archive-date=2015-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701123053/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2012/10/25/finding-the-last-cheetahs-of-iran/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *'''[[Northwast African cheetah]]''' (''A. j. hecki'') <small>Hilzheimer, 1913</small>: Cried the '''Saharan cheetah''' an aa. Foond in northwastren Africae; the IUCN confirms its presence in anly fower countries: [[Algerie]], [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]] an [[Niger]]. Smaw populations are kent tae exist in the [[Ahaggar Naitional Park|Ahaggar]] an [[Tassili N'Ajjer Naitional Park|Tassili N'Ajjer]] Naitional Pairks (Algerie);<ref name="busby">{{cite report |last = Busby |first = G.B.J. |last2 = Gottelli |first2 = D. |last3 = Durant |first3 = S. |last4 = Wacher |first4 = T. |last5 = Marker |first5 = L. |last6 = Belbachir |first6 = F. |last7 = De Smet |first7 = K. |last8 = Belbachir-Bazi |first8 = A. |last9 = Fellous |first9 = A. |last10 = Belghoul |first10 = M. |title = A report from the Sahelo-Saharan interest group – Parc National de L’Ahaggar survey, Algeria (March 2005), Part 5: Using molecular genetics to study the presence of endangered carnivores (November 2006) [Unpublished report] |year = 2006 |pages = 1–19 |url = http://users.ox.ac.uk/~some2456/docs/Carniv_Mol_Gen_Ahaggar_Report_2006.pdf |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2016-03-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112439/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~some2456/docs/Carniv_Mol_Gen_Ahaggar_Report_2006.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> a 2003 study estimatit a population o 20 tae 40 individuals in Ahaggar Naitional Pairk.<ref name="hamdine">{{cite journal |last1 = Hamdine |first1 = W. |last2 = Meftah |first2 = T. |last3 = Sehki |first3 = A. |title = Distribution and status of cheetahs (''Acinonyx jubatus'') in the Algerian Central Sahara (Ahaggar and Tassili) |journal = Mammalia |year = 2003 |volume = 67 |issue = 3 |pages = 439–43 |doi=10.1515/mamm.2003.67.3.439}}</ref> In Niger, cheetahs hae been reportit frae the [[Aïr Mountains]], [[Ténéré]], [[Termit Massif]], [[Talak, Niger|Talak]] an Azaouak valley. A 1993 study reportit a population o 50 frae Ténéré. In Benin, the cheetah still survives in [[Pendjari Naitional Pairk]] an [[W Naitional Pairk]]. The status is obscure in Burkina Faso, whaur individuals mey be confined tae the sootheastren region. Wi the tot warld population estimatit at less nor 250 matur individuals, it is leetit as [[Creetically endangered species|Creetically Endangered]].<ref name=iucn3>{{IUCN |assessors=Durant, S., Marker, L., Purchase, N., Belbachir, F., Hunter, L., Packer, C., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C., Sogbohossou, E. and Bauer, H. |year=2008 |id=221 |title=''Acinonyx jubatus'' ssp. ''hecki''|version=2015.2}}</ref> * '''[[Sooth African cheetah]]''' (''A. j. jubatus'') <small>(Schreber, 1775)</small>: Cried the '''Namibian cheetah''' an aa. Occurs in soothren African kintras sic as [[Namibie]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Sooth Africae]] an [[Zambia]]. Diverged frae the Asiatic cheetah nearly 0.32–0.67 million years ago.<ref name="subspecies">{{cite journal |last1 = Charruau |first1 = P. |last2 = Fernandes |first2 = C. |last3 = Orozco-terwengel |first3 = P. |last4 = Peters |first4 = J. |last5 = Hunter |first5 = L. |last6 = Ziaie |first6 = H. |last7 = Jourabchian |first7 = A. |last8 = Jowkar |first8 = H. |last9 = Schaller |first9 = G. |author9-link = George Schaller|last10=Ostrowski|first10=S. |last11 = Vercammen |first11 = P. |last12 = Grange |first12 = T. |last13 = Schlotterer |first13 = C. |last14 = Kotze |first14 = A. |last15 = Geigl |first15 = E.-M. |last16 = Walzer |first16 = C. |last17 = Burger |first17 = P. A. |title = Phylogeography, genetic structure and population divergence time of cheetahs in Africa and Asia: evidence for long-term geographic isolates |journal = Molecular Ecology |year = 2011 |volume = 20 |issue = 4 |pages = 706–24 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04986.x }}</ref> In 2007 the population wis roughly estimatit at less nor 5,000 tae maximum 6,500 adult individuals.<ref name=south1>{{cite report |title = Regional conservation strategy for the cheetah and African wild dog in southern Africa |url = https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/Rep-2007-002.pdf |publisher = [[IUCN]] }} {{open access}}</ref><ref name=south2>{{cite report |last1 = Purchase |first1 = G. |last2 = Marker |first2 = L. |last3 = Marnewick |first3 = K. |last4 = Klein |first4 = R. |last5 = Williams |first5 = S. |title = Regional assessment of the status, distribution and conservation needs of cheetahs in southern Africa |year = 2007 |pages = 1–3 |publisher = [[IUCN]] Cat Specialist Group |url = http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Purchase_et_al_2007_Regional_assessment.pdf |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2015-09-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150919120103/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Purchase_et_al_2007_Regional_assessment.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> Nae leetit bi the IUCN.<ref name=iucn/> *'''[[Sudan cheetah]]''' (''A. j. soemmeringii'') <small>([[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1855)</small>: Cried the '''central''' or '''northeast African cheetah''' an aa. Foond in the central an northeastren regions o the continent an the [[Horn o Africae]]. This subspecies wis considered identical tae the Sooth African cheetah till a 2011 genetic analysis demonstratit signeeficant differences atween the twa.<ref name=subspecies/><ref name=distinct1>{{cite news |title = Iran's endangered cheetahs are a unique subspecies |last = Davies |first = E. |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_9365000/9365567.stm |publisher = [[BBC]] |date = 24 January 2011 |accessdate = 22 March 2016 }}</ref> *'''[[Tanzanie cheetah]]''' (''A. j. raineyi'' [[Synonym (taxonomy)|syn]]. ''A. j. fearsoni'') <small>[[Edmund Heller|Heller]], 1913</small>: Cried the '''east African cheetah''' an aa. Foond in [[Kenyae]], [[Somalie]], Tanzanie, an [[Uganda]]. The tot population in 2007 wis estimatit at 2,572 adults an independent adolescents. Signeeficant populations occur in the [[Maasai Mara]] an the [[Serengeti]] [[ecoregion]]s.<ref name=iucn/> {{Gallery |title=Subspecies o the cheetah |width=180 |height=200 |lines=1 |align=center ||Asie cheetah |File:Cheetah (Kruger National Park, South Africa, 2001).jpg|Sooth African cheetah |File:Cheetah at Whipsnade Zoo, Dunstable.jpg|Sudan cheetah |File:TanzanianCheetah.jpg|Tanzanian cheetah }} ==Characteristics== The cheetah is a [[big cat]] wi several distinctive features{{snds}}a slender bouk, deep chest, spottit [[Coat (ainimal)|pelage]], a smaw roondit heid, black tear-lik streaks on the face, lang thin legs an a lang spottit tail.<ref name="Estes">{{cite book |last1 = Estes |first1 = R.D. |authorlink = Richard Despard Estes |title = The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates |date = 2004 |publisher = University of California Press |location = Berkeley, USA |isbn = 978-0-520-08085-0 |pages = 377–83 |edition = 4th }}</ref> Its lichtly biggit, slender form is in sharp contrast wi the robust big o the ither big cats.<ref name=wcw/> The heid-an-bouk lenth ranges frae {{convert|112|–|150|cm}}.<ref name="Estes" /> The cheetah reaches {{convert|70|–|90|cm|in|abbvn=on}} at the shouder, an weichs {{convert|21|–|72|kg|lb}}.<ref name="Estes"/><ref name="nowakmw">{{cite book |last1 = Nowak |first1 = R.M. |title = Walker's Mammals of the World |url = https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0001nowa |date = 1999 |publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press |location = Baltimore, USA |isbn = 978-0-8018-5789-8 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0001nowa/page/834 834]–6 |edition = 6th }}</ref> Sicweys, it is clearly tawer nor the leopard, which staunds nearly {{convert|55|–|70|cm|in}} at the shouder. The wecht range o the cheetah owerlaps extensively wi that o the leopard, which weichs {{convert|28|–|65|kg|lb}}.<ref name="Estes" /> On the ither haund, the cheetah is signeeficantly shorter nor the lion, whase average hicht is nearly {{convert|120|cm|in}}. Mairower, it is much lichter nor the lion, amang which females weich {{convert|126|kg|lb}} an the muckle hivier males weich {{convert|186|kg|lb}}.<ref name="Estes" /> Based on meisurments, the smawest cheetahs hae been reportit frae the Sahara, northeastren Africae an Iran.<ref name="hunterwcw">{{cite book |last1 = Hunter |first1 = L. |title = Wild Cats of the World |url = https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld0000hunt |date = 2015 |publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing |location = London, UK |isbn = 978-1-4729-1219-0 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld0000hunt/page/167 167]–76 }}</ref> A [[sexually dimorphic]] species, males are generally lairger nor females.<ref name="nowak">{{cite book |last1 = Nowak |first1 = R.M. |last2 = Kays |first2 = R.W. |title = Walker's Carnivores of the World |url = https://archive.org/details/walkerscarnivore00nowa |year = 2005 |publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press |location = Baltimore, USA |isbn = 978-0-8018-8032-2 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/walkerscarnivore00nowa/page/n280 270]–2 |edition = Illustrated }}</ref> ==Ecology an behaviour== [[File:Okavango Delta, Botwana (2792684218).jpg|thumbnail|right|Cheetahs rest in shade.]] Cheetahs are [[diurnality|diurnal]] (active mainly during the day),<ref name=Estes/> whauras the leopards, teegers, an lions are [[nocturnal]] (active mainly at nicht);<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hunter |first1=L. |last2=Balme |first2=G. |last3=Walker |first3=C. |last4=Pretorius |first4=K. |last5=Rosenberg |first5=K. |year=2003 |title=The landscape ecology of leopards (''Panthera pardus'') in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a preliminary project report |journal=Ecological Journal |volume=5 |pages=24–30 |url=http://www.biolsci.monash.edu.au/research/leopards/docs/ecojournal-2003.pdf |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5nVirxVYK?url=http://www.biolsci.monash.edu.au/research/leopards/docs/ecojournal-2003.pdf |archivedate=2010-02-13 |access-date=2016-09-02 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.biolsci.monash.edu.au/research/leopards/docs/ecojournal-2003.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-09-02 |archive-date=2006-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819032233/http://www.biolsci.monash.edu.au/research/leopards/docs/ecojournal-2003.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Tilson |first = R. |year = 2010 |title = Tigers of the World: The Science, Politics and Conservation of ''Panthera tigris'' |url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780815515708 |publisher = Elsevier |page = [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780815515708/page/22 22] |isbn = 978-0-8155-1570-8 }}</ref><ref name=Schaller1972>{{Cite book |last = Schaller |first = G.B. |authorlink = George Schaller |year = 1972 |title = The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations |url = https://archive.org/details/serengetilionstu0000scha |publisher = University of Chicago Press |location = Chicago, USA |isbn = 978-0-226-73639-6 }}</ref> diurnality allaes better observation an monitorin o the ainimal.<ref name="caro1994">{{cite book |last1 = Caro |first1 = T. M. |title = Cheetahs of the Serengeti Plains : Group Living in an Asocial Species |url = https://archive.org/details/cheetahsofsereng0000caro |year = 1994 |publisher = University of Chicago Press |location = Chicago, USA |isbn = 9780226094342 }}</ref> Huntin is the major activity throuoot the day; peaks are observed during dawn an dusk indicatin [[crepuscular]] tendencies.<ref name=hunterwcw/> Groups rest in grassy clearings efter dusk, tho males an juveniles eften roam aroond at nicht. The cheetah is an alert ainimal; individuals eften inspect thair vicinity at observation pynts sic as elevations. Even while restin, thay tak turns at keepin a leukoot.<ref name=wcw/> ===Organisation an territory=== Apairt frae the lion, the cheetah is the anly cat that is gregarious; houever, female cheetahs tend tae remain solitary.<ref name="mills">{{cite book |last1 = Mills |first1 = G. |last2 = Hes |first2 = L. |title = The Complete Book of Southern African mammals |url = https://archive.org/details/completebooksout00mill |date = 1997 |publisher = Struik Publishers |location = Cape Town, South Africa |isbn = 978-0-947430-55-9 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/completebooksout00mill/page/175 175]–7 |edition = 1st }}</ref> Adult males are teepically gregarious despite thair [[territory (animal)|territoriality]], an mey group thegither for life an form "coalitions". Thir groups collectively defend thair territories. In maist cases, a coaleetion will comprise brithers born in the same litter wha stayed thegither efter weanin.<ref name="kingdon">{{cite book |last1 = Kingdon |first1 = J. |authorlink = Jonathan Kingdon |title = The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals |year = 2015 |publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing |location = London, UK |isbn = 978-1-4729-1236-7 |pages = 403–4 |edition = 2nd }}</ref> Houever, if a cub is the anly male in the litter, then twa or three lone males mey form a smaw group, or a lone male mey jyn an exeestin group. ===Communication=== The cheetah is a prominently vocal felid. Thay canna roar but instead purr.<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Estrada |first1 = J. |last2 = Elwood |first2 = A. |title = Lions |year = 1993 |publisher = Wildlife Education |location = San Diego, USA |isbn = 978-0-937934-81-4 |page = ix |edition = Hardbound }}</ref> A wide variety o cheetah vocalisations hae been identified bi several terms, but maist o thir lack a detailed [[Acoustics|acoustic]] description, which maks it difficult tae assess reliably which term denotes which soond. In 2010 Robert Eklund (o the [[Varsity o Göteborg]], Swaden) an colleagues published a detailed report on the purrin o the cheetah an compared it wi that observed in ither felids.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Eklund |first1 = R. |last2 = Peters |first2 = G. |last3 = Dulthie |first3 = E.D. |last4 = Koenig |first4 = F.A. |title = An acoustic analysis of purring in the cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') and in the domestic cat (''Felis catus'') |journal = Proceedings of FONETIK 2010 |year = 2010 |pages = 17–22 |url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:539494/FULLTEXT01.pdf}} {{open access}}</ref> The cheetah purrs when content, or tae greet kent individuals. A chairacteristic o purrin is that it is realised on baith [[Egressive soond|egressive]] an [[Ingressive sound|ingressive]] airstreams.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Eklund |first1 = R. |last2 = Peters |first2 = G. |last3 = Weise |first3 = F. |last4 = Munro |first4 = S. |title = A comparative acoustic analysis of purring in four cheetahs |journal = Proceedings of FONETIK 2012 |year = 2012 |pages = 41–4 |url = http://roberteklund.info/pdf/Eklund_et_al_2012_Cheetah_Purring.pdf |publisher = University of Gothenburg |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2017-01-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170128150932/http://roberteklund.info/pdf/Eklund_et_al_2012_Cheetah_Purring.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Eklund |first1 = R. |last2 = Peters |first2 = G. |url = http://roberteklund.info/pdf/Eklund_Peters_2013_Cheetah_Purring.pdf |title = A comparative acoustic analysis of purring in juvenile, subadult and adult cheetahs |journal = Proceedings of FONETIK 2013 |year = 2013 |pages = 25–8 |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2020-08-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200820212524/http://roberteklund.info/pdf/Eklund_Peters_2013_Cheetah_Purring.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1 = Eklund |first1 = R. |title = Robert Eklund’s Ingressive Phonation & Speech Page |url = http://ingressivespeech.info/ |website = Robert Eklund's website |accessdate = 17 February 2016 |archive-date = 2019-09-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190911194707/http://ingressivespeech.info/ |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1 = Eklund |first1 = R. |title = Robert Eklund's Wildlife Experience Page |url = http://roberteklund.info/Wildlife.htm |website = Robert Eklund's website |accessdate = 17 February 2016 |archive-date = 2017-07-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170705042429/http://roberteklund.info/Wildlife.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1 = Eklund |first1 = R. |title = Devoted to felid purring |url = http://purring.org/ |publisher = Purring.org |accessdate = 17 February 2016 |archive-date = 2019-09-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190916090133/http://purring.org/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> Ither vocalisations Eklund identified include:<ref name=bare_url>{{cite journal |last1 = Eklund |first1 = R. |last2 = Peters |first2 = G. |last3 = Weise |first3 = F. |last4 = Munro |first4 = S. |title = An acoustic analysis of agonistic sounds in wild cheetahs |journal = Proceedings of FONETIK 2012 |year = 2012 |pages = 37–40 |url = http://www.ida.liu.se/~robek28/pdf/Eklund_et_al_2012_Cheetah_AgonisticVocalizations.pdf }} {{open access}}</ref> * Growlin: Eften accompanied bi hissin an spittin, the cheetah growls tae shaw its annoyance, or when faced wi danger. A study shawed that growls conseest o numerous short [[pulse]]s wi a combined duration o up tae five seiconts.<ref name="volodina">{{cite journal |last1 = Volodina |first1 = E.V. |title = Vocal repertoire of the cheetah ''Acinonyx jubatus'' (Carnivora, Felidae) in captivity: sound structure and their potential for estimating the state of adult animals |journal = Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal |year = 2000 |volume = 79 |issue = 7 |pages = 833–43 |url = http://www.bioacoustica.org/publ/papers/305_Volodina_2000_ZJ_eng.pdf }} {{open access}}</ref> * Moanin or yowlin: This is an escalatit version o growlin an is eften combined wi it. It is teepically displayed when the danger increases. A study foond that yowls coud last as lang as twa seconds.<ref name="volodina"/> * Agonistic vocalisations: Eklund uised this term as a reference tae a combination o growls, moans, an hisses that is follaeed bi spittin, a featur mair conspicuous in cheetah nor in ither cats. In addeetion tae spittin, the cheetah will hit the grund wi its front paws. ===Huntin an competitors=== The cheetah is a [[carnivore]] that prefers medium-sized prey wi a bouk mass rangin frae {{convert|23|tae|56|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. [[Blesbok]], [[duiker]], [[Grant's gazelle]], impala, [[reedbuck]], [[Springbok (antelope)|springbok]], an Thomson's gazelle are some o the common tairgets o the cheetah. Ither prey ainimals include the [[baukie-eared fox]], [[bushbuck]], [[kudu]], [[hartebeest]], [[nyala]], [[oribi]], [[roan antelope]], [[steenbok]], [[sable antelope]], an [[watterbuck]]; thay prey less frequently on [[African buffalo]], [[gemsbok]], [[giraffe]], [[ostrich]], [[warthog]], [[wildebeest]], an [[zebra]].<ref name=wcw/><ref name=hunterwcw/><ref name="Hayward06">{{cite journal |last1 = Hayward |first1 = M.W. |last2 = Hofmeyr |first2 = M. |last3 = O'Brien |first3 = J. |last4 = Kerley |first4 = G.I.H. |title = Prey preferences of the cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') (Felidae: Carnivora): morphological limitations or the need to capture rapidly consumable prey before kleptoparasites arrive? |journal = [[Journal of Zoology]] |year = 2006 |volume = 270 |issue = 4 |pages = 615–27 |doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00184.x }}</ref><ref name="hunt1">{{cite journal |last1 = Schaller |first1 = G.B. |authorlink = George Schaller |title = Hunting behaviour of the cheetah in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania |journal = [[African Journal of Ecology]] |year = 1968 |volume = 6 |issue = 1 |pages = 95–100 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1968.tb00906.x }}</ref> A study shawed that a major proportion o the diet o Asiatic cheetahs conseests o livestock; local species sic as [[chinkara]], [[desert hare]], [[goitered gazelle]], [[ibex]], [[rodent]]s, an [[wild sheep]] are an aa huntit.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Farhadinia |first1 = M.S. |last2 = Hosseini-Zavarei |first2 = F. |last3 = Nezami |first3 = B. |last4 = Harati |first4 = H. |last5 = Absalan |first5 = H. |last6 = Fabiano |first6 = E. |last7 = Marker |first7 = L. |title = Feeding ecology of the Asiatic cheetah ''Acinonyx jubatus venaticus'' in low prey habitats in northeastern Iran: Implications for effective conservation |journal = [[Journal of Arid Environments]] |year = 2012 |volume = 87 |pages = 206–11 |doi = 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.05.002 |url = http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad_Farhadinia2/publication/256941642_Feeding_ecology_of_the_Asiatic_cheetah_Acinonyx_jubatus_venaticus_in_low_prey_habitats_in_northeastern_Iran_Implications_for_effective_conservation/links/5518cb4f0cf2f7d80a3e31c5.pdf }} {{open access}}</ref> Generally, anly groups o cheetahs will attempt tae kill lairge ainimals sic as hartebeest,<ref name=Estes/><ref name=hunterwcw/> awtho mithers wi young cubs will attempt tae secure a lairge prey aw bi themsels.<ref name=caro1994/> Thare are na records o cheetah killin human beins.<ref name=hunterwcw/><ref name="hilde">{{cite book |last1 = Hunter |first1 = L. |last2 = Hinde |first2 = G. |title = Cats of Africa: Behaviour, Ecology, and Conservation |url = https://archive.org/details/catsafricabehavi00hunt |date = 2005 |publisher = Struik Publishers |location = Cape Town, South Africa |isbn = 978-1-77007-063-9 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/catsafricabehavi00hunt/page/1 1]–172 }}</ref> The diet o a cheetah depends on the aurie in which it lives. For ensaumple, on the [[East Africae|East Africa]]n plains, its preferred prey is the Thomson's gazelle, somewhit smawer than the cheetah. In contrast, in [[Kwa-Zulu Natal]] the preferred prey is the signeeficantly lairger nyala, males o which can weich up tae {{convert|130|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref name=hilde/> Thay dae, houever, opt for young an adolescent tairgets, which mak up aboot 50% o the cheetah diet despite constitutin anly a smaw portion o the prey population.<ref name=wcw/> === Speed an acceleration === The cheetah's bouk is specialised for speed,<ref name="gonyea">{{cite journal |last1 = Gonyea |first1 = W.J. |title = Functional implications of felid forelimb anatomy |journal = Acta Anatomica |year = 1978 |volume = 102 |issue = 2 |pages = 111–21 |pmid = 685643 |doi=10.1159/000145627}}</ref><ref name="hudson">{{cite journal |last1 = Hudson |first1 = P.E. |last2 = Corr |first2 = S.A. |last3 = Payne-Davis |first3 = R.C. |last4 = Clancy |first4 = S.N. |last5 = Lane |first5 = E. |last6 = Wilson |first6 = A.M. |title = Functional anatomy of the cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') hindlimb |journal = Journal of Anatomy |year = 2011 |volume = 218 |issue = 4 |pages = 363–74 |doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01310.x }}</ref> an it is the [[Fastest ainimals|fastest]] laund ainimal.<ref name=carwardine08>{{cite book |last = Carwardine |first = M. |title = Animal Records |url = https://archive.org/details/animalrecords0000carw |year = 2008 |publisher = Sterling |location = New York, USA |isbn = 978-1-4027-5623-8 |page = [https://archive.org/details/animalrecords0000carw/page/43 43] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Sears |first = E.S. |title = Running through the Ages |url = https://archive.org/details/runningthroughag0000sear |year = 2001 |publisher = McFarland |location = North Carolina, USA |isbn = 978-0-7864-0971-6 |page = [https://archive.org/details/runningthroughag0000sear/page/5 5] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/08/120802-cheetah-sarah-cincinnati-zoo-fastest-record-science-usain-bolt-olympics/ |title = Cheetah Breaks Speed Record–Beats Usain Bolt by Seconds |newspaper = National Geographic Daily News |publisher = [[National Geographic Society]] |last = Smith |first = R. |date = 2 August 2012 |accessdate = 17 May 2016 |archive-date = 2012-08-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120804031230/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/08/120802-cheetah-sarah-cincinnati-zoo-fastest-record-science-usain-bolt-olympics/ |url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/collections/p00hldcc#p00715gc |title = Speed Sensation |work = Nature Video Collections |publisher = [[BBC]] Nature |accessdate = 17 May 2016 |archive-date = 2014-12-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141206171105/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/collections/p00hldcc#p00715gc |url-status = dead }}</ref> In general, the speed o a huntin cheetah averages {{convert|64|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} during a chase,<ref name=Estes/> interspersed wi a few short bursts when the speed mey vary atween {{convert|104|and|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}; the maist reliable meisurment o the teepical speed during a short chase is {{convert|112|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name=wcw/><ref name="Schaller1972"/><ref name="cbn">{{cite journal |title = Motions of cheetah and horse |last1 = Hildebrand |first1 = M. |year = 1959 |journal = [[Journal of Mammalogy]] |jstor = 1376265 |pages = 481–95 |volume = 40 |issue = 4 |doi=10.2307/1376265}}</ref><ref name="alexander">{{cite journal |last1 = Alexander |first1 = R.M. |title = Legs and locomotion of Carnivora |journal = Symposia of the Zoological Society of London |year = 1993 |volume = 65 |pages = 1–13 }}</ref> The value o the maximum speed is, houever, disputit.<ref name=wcw/> The speeds attained bi the cheetah are anly slichtly greater nor thir achieved bi the [[pronghorn]] {{convert|88.5|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Carwardine|first=Mark|title=Animal Records|url=https://archive.org/details/animalrecords0000carw|year=2008|publisher=Sterling|location=New York|isbn=9781402756238|page=[https://archive.org/details/animalrecords0000carw/page/11 11]}}</ref> an the springbok {{convert|88|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Burton |first1 = M. |last2 = Burton |first2 = R. |title = International Wildlife Encyclopedia |url = https://archive.org/details/internationalwil22burt0 |year = 2002 |publisher = Marshall Cavendish |location = New York, USA |isbn = 978-0-7614-7266-7 |page = 226 |edition = 3rd }}</ref> Yet the cheetah haes a greater probability o succeedin in the chase due tae its exceptional acceleration{{snds}}it can attain a speed o {{convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in juist twa seiconts.<ref name=wcw/> Ane stride or jump o a gallopin cheetah averages {{convert|6.7|m|ft}}.<ref name="Pappas">{{cite news |last1 = Pappas |first1 = S. |title = Wow! 11-year-old cheetah Breaks Land Speed Record |url = http://www.livescience.com/22080-cheetah-breaks-speed-record.html |accessdate = 24 March 2016 |work = [[LiveScience]] |date = 2 August 2012 }}</ref> Seemilarly, the ability tae rapidly chynge direction is pivotal in ensurin huntin success.<ref name="WilsonBiologyLetters">{{cite journal |last1 = Wilson |first1 = J.W. |last2 = Mills |first2 = M.G.L. |last3 = Wilson |first3 = R.P. |last4 = Peters |first4 = G. |last5 = Mills |first5 = M.E.J. |last6 = Speakman |first6 = J.R. |last7 = Durant |first7 = S.M. |last8 = Bennett |first8 = N.C. |last9 = Marks |first9 = N.J. |last10 = Scantlebury |first10 = M. |title = Cheetahs, ''Acinonyx jubatus'', balance turn capacity with pace when chasing prey |journal = [[Biology Letters]] |volume = 9 |issue = 5 |year = 2013 |page = 20130620 |doi = 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0620 |url = http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/5/20130620 |access-date = 2016-09-03 |archive-date = 2016-10-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161001045053/http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/5/20130620 |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref><ref name = "BBC RVC report">{{Cite news |last = Ghosh |first = P. |date = 12 June 2013 |title = Cheetah tracking study reveals incredible acceleration |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22861142 |publisher = [[BBC]] |accessdate = 22 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author = RVC Press Office |year = 2013 |url = http://www.rvc.ac.uk/News/PressReleases/pr1306-Cheetah-speed.cfm |title = Groundbreaking RVC research shows wild cheetah reaching speeds of up to 58 mph during a hunt |publisher = [[Royal Veterinary College]], [[University of London]] |accessdate = 16 June 2013 |archive-date = 2013-07-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130719172831/http://www.rvc.ac.uk/News/PressReleases/pr1306-Cheetah-speed.cfm |url-status = dead }}</ref> Cheetahs teepically walk at {{convert|3|–|4|km/h|mph}}.<ref name=Schaller1972/> === Reproduction === [[File:A nice little cheetah.JPG|thumb|A cheetah cub. Note the lang, bluish grey hair on the nape, shouders an back.]] Cheetahs breed throuoot the year; thay are [[Induced ovulation (animals)|induced ovulators]]. Females acome [[sexually matur]] at 21 tae 22 month o age.<ref name=mammal>{{cite journal |last = Krausman |first = P.R. |last2 = Morales |first2 = S.M. |year = 2005 |title = ''Acinonyx jubatus'' |journal = [[Mammalian Species]] |volume = 771 |pages = 1–6 |url = http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i1545-1410-771-1-1.pdf |doi = 10.1644/1545-1410(2005)771[0001:aj]2.0.co;2 |access-date = 2016-09-03 |archive-date = 2016-05-27 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160527064127/http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i1545-1410-771-1-1.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> Females are [[Polyestrous|polyoestrus]]{{snds}}thay hae an oestrus ("heat") cycle every 12{{nbsp}}days (this can vary frae 10{{nbsp}}tae 20 days),<ref name="fcr">{{cite journal |last1 = Laurenson |first1 = M.K. |last2 = Caro |first2 = T.M. |last3 = Borner |first3 = M. |title = Female cheetah reproduction |journal = National Geographic Research and Exploration |year = 1992 |volume = 8 |issue = 1002 |pages = 64–75 |url = http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/L/Laurenson_et_al_1992_Cheetah_reproduction.pdf |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2016-08-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160812015135/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/L/Laurenson_et_al_1992_Cheetah_reproduction.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> each oestrus lastin ane tae three days. A female can gie birth again efter 17 tae 20 month; houever, on the loss o a whole litter mithers can mate again.<ref name=nowak/> Gestation is nearly three month lang. The nummer o cubs born can vary frae ane tae aicht, tho the common nummer is three tae five. Birth taks place in a sheltered place sic as thick vegetation. Each cub weichs nearly {{convert|150|–|400|g|oz|abbr=on}} at birth; the een, shut at birth, open in 4{{nbsp}}tae 11 days. Newborn cubs can crawl an spit; thay can stairt walkin bi twa weeks. Thair nape, shouders an back are thickly covered wi lang bluish grey hair. This douny unnerlyin fur, cried a "mantle", gies them a [[Mohawk hairstyle|Mohawk-teep]] appearance; this fur is shed as the cheetah grows aulder.<ref name=caro1994/> A study notit that this mane gies a cheetah cub the appearance o the [[honey badger]]; this coud act as a camouflage in baith ainimals.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Eaton |first1 = R.L. |title = A possible case of mimicry in larger mammals |journal = [[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] |year = 1976 |volume = 30 |issue = 4 |pages = 853–6 |jstor = 2407827 |url = http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/E/Eaton_1976_A_Possible_Case_of_Mimicry_in_Larger_Mammals.pdf |doi = 10.2307/2407827 |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2016-09-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160924070215/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/E/Eaton_1976_A_Possible_Case_of_Mimicry_in_Larger_Mammals.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> Cheetah cubs are heichly vulnerable during the first few weeks o thair life; mithers keep thair cubs hidden in dense vegetation for the first month.<ref name=Estes/> The affspring mey stay wi the mither for 13 tae 20 month, associatin wi ane anither an feedin on kills thegither. Efter weanin, juveniles mey form mixed-sex herds; young females mey stay back wi thair mither, but thare is haurdly ony interaction atween the mither an dauchters. The females in the mixed-sex herd gradually muive oot as thay near sexual maturity.<ref name="Estes" /> In the Serengeti, average age o unthirldom o 70 observed litters wis 17.1 month. Young females haed thair first litters at the age o aboot 2.4 years an subsequent litters aboot 20 month later.<ref name="Kelly, M. J. 1998">{{cite journal |last1 = Kelly |first1 = M.J. |last2 = Laurenson |first2 = M.K. |last3 = FitzGibbon |first3 = C.D. |last4 = Collins |first4 = D.A. |last5 = Durant |first5 = S.M. |last6 = Frame |first6 = G.W. |last7 = Bertram |first7 = B.C. |last8 = Caro |first8 = T.M. |title = Demography of the Serengeti cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') population: the first 25 years |journal = [[Journal of Zoology]] |year = 1998 |volume = 244 |issue = 4 |pages = 473–88 |doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00053.x |url = http://www.mjkelly.info/Publications/demography.pdf |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2011-04-01 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110401120639/http://www.mjkelly.info/Publications/demography.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> The lifespan o wild cheetahs is 14 tae 15 years for females; thair reproductive cycle teepically ends bi 12 years o age. Males generally live as lang as 10 years.<ref name=iucn/> ==Distribution an habitat== [[File:Kenia 2012 (89).JPG|thumb|left|Cheetahs indwall [[savanna]]hs.]] The cheetah indalls a variety o habitats; in Africae it haes been observed in dry forests, [[scrub forest]]s, an [[savanna]]hs.<ref name=caro1994/> Houever, the distribution o prey mey influence habitat preferences; in a study in the Kruger Naitional Pairk, female cheetahs war foond tae spend a signeeficant amoont o time in widlands, whaur impala occurred. It wis suggestit that tho the forestit aurie wis unsuitable for huntin, the females preferred widlands tae encoonter mair impala. Male coaleetions, on the ither haund, shunned dense habitats an spent maist o the time in open savannahs. An explanation gien for this wis that the coalitions prefer lairger prey than impala.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Broomhall |first1 = L.S. |last2 = Mills |first2 = M.G.L. |last3 = du Toit |first3 = J.T. |title = Home range and habitat use by cheetahs (''Acinonyx jubatus'') in the Kruger National Park |journal = [[Journal of Zoology]] |year = 2003 |volume = 261 |issue = 2 |pages = 119–28 |doi = 10.1017/S0952836903004059 |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231912237_Home_range_and_habitat_use_by_cheetahs_in_the_Kruger_National_Park }} {{open access}}</ref> Tho thay dinna prefer [[montane]] regions, cheetahs can occur at elevations as heich as {{convert|4000|m|ft|abbr=on}}. An open aurie wi some kiver, sic as diffused bushes, is probably ideal for the cheetah acause it needs tae stalk an pursue its prey ower a distance, exploitin its speed. This an aa minimises the risk o encoonterin lairger carnivores. Complete lack o kiver, houever, can be a cause o prey loss an mortality.<ref name=caro1994/><ref name=myers>{{cite report |last1 = Myers |first1 = N. |title = The cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') in Africa |year = 1975 |publisher = [[IUCN]] |pages = 1–43 |accessdate = 22 March 2016 |url = http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/M/Myers_1975_Cheetah_in_Africa.pdf |archive-date = 2016-08-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160813213356/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/M/Myers_1975_Cheetah_in_Africa.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> In prehistoric times, the cheetah wis distributit throuoot Asie, Africae, Europe, an North Americae. Gradually, it vanished frae Europe an North Americae. Nearly 500 years ago, the cheetah wis still common throuoot Africae, tho it avoidit deserts an tropical forests. Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Sirie, an the [[Ganga river|Ganga]] an [[Indus River Valley|Indus]] [[river valley]]s sheltered lairge nummers o cheetahs.<ref name=wcw/> Houever, the day the cheetah haes been exterminatit frae the majority o its earlier range. The IUCN estimates that the tot expanse o the range o the cheetah in earlier times wis approximately {{convert|25,344,648|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}; the range (as o 2015) haes syne then reduced tae {{convert|2,709,054|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}, a substantial decline o 89%.<ref name=iucn/> In Africae, the cheetah occurs mainly in eastren an soothren Africae; the range across the continent haes declined tae a mere 10% o the historic expanse. The range in eastren Africae haes reduced tae 6% o its oreeginal range, sae that presently it is distributit in an aurie o {{convert|310586|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=iucn/> In the [[Horn o Africae]], the cheetah occurs in Ethiopie, Kenyae, Sooth Sudan, Tanzanie, an Uganda.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Marker |first1 = L. |title = Current status of the cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') |journal = Proceedings of a Symposium on Cheetahs as Game Ranch Animals: Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa |year = 1998 |pages = 1–17 |url = http://cheetah.org/site/wp-content/uploads/1998/10/status_of_the_cheetah.pdf |access-date = 2016-09-02 |archive-date = 2016-09-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160924133238/http://cheetah.org/site/wp-content/uploads/1998/10/status_of_the_cheetah.pdf |url-status = dead }} {{open access}}</ref> The range haes nae reduced as much in the soothren pairt o the continent, whaur it occurs in an aurie o {{convert|1223388|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}, 22% o its oreeginal range. Tho cheetahs na langer occur in Malawi, signeeficant populations thrive in sooth-wastren Angolae, Botswana, sooth-wastren Mozambique, Namibie, northren Sooth Africae, soothren Zambie, an Zimbabwe. Very few isolated populations occur in the [[Sahara Desert (ecoregion)|Sahara]]; the population density in this region is as law as twa tae three individuals per {{convert|10000|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Thay occur in very law nummers in northren an wastren Africae. In the past, the cheetah ranged across vast stretches o Asie: frae the Mediterranean an the Arabian Peninsula in the wast tae the Indian subcontinent in the east, an as far north as the Caspian an Aral Seas.<ref name=iucn/> Houever, the cheetah haes disappeared frae the majority o its historic range, save for Iran an possibly a few auries in Afghanistan, the Indian subcontinent, an Turkmenistan.<ref name=farhadinia/> == Status and threats == The cheetah has been clessifee'd as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] bi the IUCN; it is leetit unner Appendix{{nbsp}}I o the Convention on the Conservation o Migratory Species o Wild Ainimals ([[Convention on the Conservation o Migratory Species of Wild Ainimals|CMS]]) an Appendix{{nbsp}}I o [[CITES]] (Convention on Internaitional Tred in Endangered Species). The cheetah is threatened bi habitat loss throu agricultural an industrial expansion; however, the ainimal apparently requires a muckle aurie tae live in as indicatit bi its law population densities.<ref name=iucn/> The cheetah appears tae be less capable nor the leopard o coexeestin wi humans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Laurenson |first1 = M.K. |last2 = Caro |first2 = T.M. |title = Monitoring the effects of non-trivial handling in free-living cheetahs |journal = [[Animal Behaviour (journal)|Animal Behaviour]] |year = 1994 |volume = 47 |issue = 3 |pages = 547–57 |doi = 10.1006/anbe.1994.1078 }}</ref> As sic, human interference can disturb the activities, sic as huntin an feedin, o cheetah.<ref name=nowak/> Wi 76% o thair range conseestin o unpertectit land, the cheetah are eften taitgetit bi farmers an pastoralists wha attempt tae pertect thair livestock. Houever, cheetahs teepically dae nae prefer livestock for prey.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Voigt |first1 = C.C. |last2 = Thalwitzer |first2 = S. |last3 = Melzheimer |first3 = J. |last4 = Blanc |first4 = A. |last5 = Jago |first5 = M. |last6 = Wachter |first6 = B. |last7 = Fenton |first7 = B. |title = The conflict between cheetahs and humans on Namibian farmland elucidated by stable isotope diet analysis |journal = [[PLOS ONE]] |year = 2014 |volume = 9 |issue = 8 |pages = e101917 |doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0101917 }} {{open access}}</ref> Gemme hunters mey an aa try tae hairm cheetah as thir carnivores can deprive them o valuable gemme. [[Roadkill]] can be anither threat, especially in auries whaur roads hae been constructit near the naitural habitat or pertectit auries. Cases o roadkill involvin cheetahs hae been reportit frae [[Kalmand, Iran|Kalmand]], [[Turan|Tūrān]], an [[Bafq]]. The threat is posed bi infectious diseases is minor, gien the law population densities an hence the minimal chance o infection.<ref name=iucn/> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{eol|328680}} * [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Acinonyx_jubatus Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography] for ''Acinonyx jubatus'' * [http://www.cheetah.org/ Cheetah Conservation Fund] * [http://english.savechinastigers.org/node/487 Save Cheenae's Tigers tae Fund Wild Cat Conservation Warldwide] * [http://www.dewildt.org.za De Wildt Cheetah an Wildlife Trust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205105919/http://www.dewildt.org.za/ |date=2007-02-05 }} * [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/35612/on-the-chase-with-cheetahs On the Chase Wi Cheetahs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328142008/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/35612/on-the-chase-with-cheetahs |date=2010-03-28 }} - slideshaw bi ''[[Life magazine]]'' * [http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=iarsmqA3dck 110km/h Cheetah attack gazelle] Video shawin cheetah's speed, runnin mechanics, an [[hyena]]s stealin a cheetah's prey. [[Category:Acinonyx]] [[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1775]] [[Category:Carnivorans o Africae]] [[Category:Fauna o the Sahara]] [[Category:Mammals o Africae]] [[Category:Mammals o Asie]] [[Category:Mammals o Wastren Sahara]] [[Category:Megafauna o Africae]] [[Category:Monotypic mammal genera]] f8csr1j97iw8p6px81zhbs4zyxirxpu 0 55849 923092 871126 2026-09-23T11:40:14Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Harry F. Byrd, Jr. |image = Hbyrdjr.jpg |jr/sr = Unitit States Senator |state = [[Virginie]] |term_start = November 12, 1965 |term_end = Januar 3, 1983 |predecessor = [[Harry F. Byrd|Harry Byrd]] |successor = [[Paul S. Trible, Jr.|Paul Trible]] |birth_name=Harry Flood Byrd, Jr. |birth_date = {{birth date|1914|12|20}} |birth_place = [[Winchester, Virginie|Winchester]], [[Virginie]], [[Unitit States|U.S.]] |death_date = {{death date and age|2013|07|30|1914|12|20}} |death_place = Winchester, Virginie, U.S. |party = [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] {{small|(Afore 1970)}}<br>[[Independent Democrat]] {{small|(1970–2013)}} |spouse = Gretchen Bigelow Thomson {{small|(1941–1989)}} |children = Harry<br>Thomas<br>Beverley |religion = [[Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States)|Episcopalian]] |alma_mater = [[Virginia Militar Institute]]<br>[[Varsity o Virginie]] |rank = [[File:U.S. Navy O-4 infobox.svg|30px]] [[Lieutenant commander (Unitit States)]] |branch = {{navy|USA}} |serviceyears = 1941-1945 |battles = [[Warld War II]] }} '''Harry Flood Byrd, Jr.''' ([[20 December]] [[1914]] &ndash; [[30 Julie]] [[2013]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.msn.com/obits/former-sen-harry-byrd-jr-of-virginia-dies?ocid=ansnews11|title=Former Sen. Harry Byrd Jr. of Virginia dies|publisher=[[MSN]].com|date=30 Julie 2013|accessdate=30 Julie 2013}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wis an [[Americans|American]] politeecian. He representit [[Virginia]] in the [[Unitit States Senate]] frae 1965 tae 1983. Byrd wis born in [[Winchester]], [[Virginia]]. He servit in the [[Unitit States Airmy]] durin [[World War II]] frae 1941 tae 1945. Byrd servit in the [[Senate]] o [[Virginia]] frae 1948 tae November 1965. In November 1965, Byrd's faither resignit frae the Unitit States Senate for heal reasons. At Harry, Sr.'s suggestion, Harry, Jr. wis appointit tae succeed him bi Virginie Govrenor [[Albertis S. Harrison Jr.]] an won a [[election|special election]] as a Democrat tae serve the remainder o his faither's term in 1966. Byrd is kent for leavin the [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic Pairty]] in 1970. He acame an [[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]], altho he continuit tae support the Democratic Pairty. Byrd wis the first Independent politeecian in the history o the Unitit States Senate tae be electit bi a majority o the popular vote.<ref name="death">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnronline.com/article/former_u_s_sen_byrd_jr_dies|title=Longtime Daily News-Record Publisher, 98, Served Country, State, Community For Decades|publisher=DNRonline.com|accessdate=22 September 2013|date=31 Julie 2013|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305132817/http://www.dnronline.com/article/former_u_s_sen_byrd_jr_dies|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis the son o [[Harry F. Byrd, Sr.]]. He replacit his faither as senator. He retirit in 1982. Byrd died frae hert disease at the age o 98 on 30 Julie 2013. At the time o his daith, Byrd wis the auldest livin senators in the Unitit States. ==Early life== Byrd wis born on 20 December 1914 in [[Winchester, Virginie]]. He wis eddicated at the [[Virginia Military Institute]] an at the [[Varsity o Virginie]]. ==Career== Byrd servit in the [[Senate]] o [[Virginia]] frae 1948 tae November 1965. In November 1965, Byrd's faither resignit frae the Unitit States Senate for heal reasons. At Harry, Sr.'s suggestion, Harry, Jr. wis appointit tae succeed him bi Virginie Govrenor [[Albertis S. Harrison Jr.]] an won a [[election|special election]] as a Democrat tae serve the remainder o his faither's term in 1966. Byrd wis the first Independent politeecian in the history o the [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senate]] tae be electit bi a majority o the popular vote.<ref name="death"/> In 1971, Byrd proposit a bill tae allae the importation o various metals frae [[Rhodesie]], contradictin the poseetion o the Preses an the [[Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil]] which forbade maist forms o trade or financial exchynge wi Rhodesie, which haed a white-controllit govrenment.<ref name="meredith">{{cite book|last=Meredith|first=Martin|title=The Past is Another Country|pages=218}}</ref> The bill passit, an the 1971 Byrd Amendment allowit Rhodesie tae trade wi the U.S. in spite o these sanctions till it wis repealit in 1977.<ref name="sanctions">{{cite web|author=Elizabeth Schmidt|year=2003|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-7070(200303)29%3A1%3C311%3ARSTLV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6|title=Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1 (March 2003), pp. 311-312|publisher=JSTOR|accessdate=11 October 2013}}</ref> ===Retirement=== Byrd did nae run for reelection in 1982 an movit back tae his hometown o Winchester. He wis succeedit bi [[Unitit States Representative]] Paul S. Trible, Jr., who servit anly ane term an did nae seek reelection in 1988. ==Personal life== Byrd marrit Gretchen Bigelow Thomson in 1941. Thay haed three childer. Thomson deit in 1989. Byrd livit in [[Harrisonburg, Virginie]]. ==Daith== Byrd deit at his home in [[Winchester, Virginie]] frae a hert attack on Julie 30, 2013 the age o 98.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.winchesterstar.com/article/073013byrd |title=Former U.S. Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. Dies |access-date=2014-06-04 |archive-date=2013-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801221837/http://www.winchesterstar.com/article/073013byrd |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commonscat}} * [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/07/30/former-sen-harry-byrd-jr-virginia-dies/ Former Sen. Harry Byrd Jr. of Virginia dies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830173117/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/07/30/former-sen-harry-byrd-jr-virginia-dies/ |date=2013-08-30 }} at [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]].com * [http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2013/07/30/harry-f-byrd-jr-former-virginia-senator-dies-at-98.html Harry F. Byrd Jr., former Virginia senator, dies at 98] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170143/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2013/07/30/harry-f-byrd-jr-former-virginia-senator-dies-at-98.html |date=2016-03-03 }} at The Columbus Dispatch.com * [http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/harry-f-byrd-jr-former-us-senator-from-va-dies-at-98/2013/07/30/54de3f70-c5da-11df-94e1-c5afa35a9e59_story.html Harry F. Byrd Jr., former U.S. senator from Va., dies at 98] at [[Washington Post]].com * [http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-harry-byrd-20130731,0,4740501.story Harry F. Byrd Jr. dies at 98; former Virginia senator] at [[Los Angeles Times|LA Times]].com {{DEFAULTSORT:Byrd, Harry Flood, Jr.}} [[Category:1914 births]] [[Category:2013 daiths]] [[Category:American Episcopalians]] [[Category:American militar personnel o Warld War II]] [[Category:American newspaper editors]] [[Category:Appyntit Unitit States Senators]] [[Category:Byrd faimily o Virginie|Harry F. Byrd, Jr.]] [[Category:Fowk frae Winchester, Virginie]] [[Category:Unitit States Navy officers]] [[Category:Unitit States Senators frae Virginie]] [[Category:Varsity o Virginie alumni]] [[Category:Virginie Democrats]] [[Category:Virginie Independents]] [[Category:Virginie Militar Institute alumni]] [[Category:Virginie State Senators]] oj2w00z06syo89c4sfclkie90n6tf64 0 57196 923017 917673 2026-09-23T00:52:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox Religious group| | group = Alawites<br>''ʿAlawīyyah''<br>علوية | flag = | image= [[File:Dhulfiqar.svg|250px]] | caption = [[Zulfiqar]], a stylisit representation o the swuird<br> o Ali, is an important seembol for Alawites | founder = [[Ibn Nusayr|{{Unicode|Ibn Nuṣayr}}]] | population = 3 million<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/node/21554513?frsc=dg%7Ca | work=The Economist | title=The sword and the word| date=12 May 2012}}</ref> | region1={{flag|Sirie}} | pop1 = 2.6 million<ref name="al-monitor">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2012/al-monitor/battle-for-syria-just-getting-st.html |title=It's Time to Engage Iran, Russia on Syria |publisher=al-monitor.com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> | region2={{flag|Turkey}} | pop2 = Aboot 700,000-750,000<ref>{{cite web |date=2012-10-22 |title=On Turkey's Syrian frontier, fears of a sectarian spillover |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5E8LL2BX/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> | region3={{flag|Lebanon}} | pop3 = An estimatit 100,000-120,000<ref name="repost1">http://www.repost.us/article-preview/#!hash=0467cbf01990a23ab00bfe1a45696310 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806071752/http://www.repost.us/article-preview#!hash=0467cbf01990a23ab00bfe1a45696310 |date=2012-08-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/93/lbn31663.pdf.aspx |title=Lebanese Allawites welcome Syria’s withdrawal as ‘necessary’ |work=The Daily Star |date=30 April 2005|quote=The Alawis have been present in modern-day Lebanon since the 16th century and are estimated to number 100,000 today, mostly in Akkar and Tripoli. The sect is managed through the Islamic Alawi Union, a council of 600 members that are elected every four years. |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-date=2012-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325122621/http://www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/93/lbn31663.pdf.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/lebanon%E2%80%99s-alawi-minority-struggles-%E2%80%98nation%E2%80%99-sects |title=Lebanon’s Alawi: A Minority Struggles in a ‘Nation’ of Sects |publisher=Al Akhbar English |date=2011-11-08 |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> | region4=Lebanon/[[Golan Hichts]] | pop4 = 2,100 live in [[Ghajar]] | region5={{flag|Australie}} | pop5 = Alawites comprise 2% o<br> [[Lebanese Australie|Lebanese born fowk in Australie]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=J5Edz2OlQNMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=da&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Arab-Australians today: citizenship and belonging|author=Ghassan Hage|edition=Paperback|publisher=Melbourne University Publishing|year=2002|isbn=0-522-84979-2|page=40}}</ref> | rels = [[Shia Islam]] | scrips = [[Qur'an]], [[Nahj al-Balagha]], [[Kitab al Majmu]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-alawi.htm |title=Alawi Islam |accessdate=2008-05-31 |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |quote=Their prayer book, the source of Satanic worship, is the ''Kitāb al-Majmu‘'', believed to be derived from [[Ismaili|Ismā‘īlī]] writings. Alawis study the Qur'ān and recognize the five pillars of Islam, which they interpret in a wholly allegorical sense to fit community tenets. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613094303/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-alawi.htm |archivedate=2008-06-13 }}</ref> | langs = [[Arabic]], [[Turkis leid|Turkis]]}} The '''Alawites''', kent as '''Alawi''', '''Nusayris''' an '''Ansaris''' an aw (''‘Alawīyyah'' {{lang-ar|علوية}}, ''{{Unicode|Nuṣayrī}}'' {{lang-ar|نصيريون}}, an ''{{Unicode|al-Anṣāriyyah}})'' are a prominent mistical an syncretic<ref name="books.google.co.uk">[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-JVOKeNkllgC&pg=PA75&dq=alawi+syncretic&hl=en&ei=9ye1TeKgCsPU4wbfq-mMDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=alawi%20syncretic&f=false Lebanon: current issues and background] John C. Rolland (2003)</ref> releegious group that follae a brainch o the [[Twaler schuil]] o [[Shia Islam]]. == Etymologie == The Alawites tak their name frae [[Ali|{{Unicode|‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib}}]] cuzzin an son-in-law o [[Muhammad|{{Unicode|Muḥammad}}]], that wis the first Shi'a [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imam]] an the fowert an last "[[Richtly Guidit Caliph]]" o [[Sunni Islam]]. Till recently Alawites wur referred tae as "Nusairis", cried efter Abu Shu'ayb Muhammad [[ibn Nusayr]] (d. ca 270 h, 863 AD) that is reportit tae hae attendit the circles o the last three [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imams]] o the prophet Muhammad's line. This name is considered derogatory, an thay refer tae thairsels as Alawites. In September 1920, French occupational forces institutit the policy o referrin tae them bi the term "'Alawi". In aulder soorces thay are aften referred tae as [[Ansari]]s, as this is hou thay referred tae thairsels, accordin tae the Reverend [[Samuel Lyde]], who livit amang Alawites in the mid-19t century. Anither soorce states that "Ansari", as referrin tae Alawites, is simply a Wastren mistransliteration o Nosairi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clymer |first=R. Swinburne |date=2003-01-04 |title=Initiates and the People Part 2, May 1929 to June 1930 |url=http://books.google.dk/books?id=DnDP09R4s_0C&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203094030/http://books.google.dk/books?id=DnDP09R4s_0C&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=2015-02-03 |page=97 |access-date=2011-10-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Howse |first=Christopher |date=2011-08-05 |title=Secretive sect of the rulers of Syria |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/8684113/Secretive-sect-of-the-rulers-of-Syria.html |work=[[The Telegraph (London)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> Alawites are destinct frae the Turkis-based ''[[Alevi]]'' releegious sect, awtho the terms share seemilar etymologies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Procházka-Eisl |first1=Gisela |last2=Procházka |first2=Stephan |year=2010 |title=The Plain of Saints and Prophets: The Nusayri-Alawi Community of Cilicia (Southern Turkey) and Its Sacred Places |url=http://books.google.dk/books?id=Ixl3NcvAixAC&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=alawi+accent&source=bl&ots=rpdHtmkAUU&sig=Z5XEkIT_Af1iDbRHFcTeAjyK6I4&hl=da&ei=rK2eTsekFfL74QS55dylCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=alevi&f=false |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |page=67}}</ref> == Population == [[File:Alawites in the Levant.jpg|thumb|Cairt showin the current distribution o Alawites in the [[Levant]].]] === Sirie === Tradeetionally Alawites hae livit in the [[An-Nusayriyah muntains]] alang the Mediterranean coast o [[Sirie]]. [[Latakia]] an [[Tartus]] are the region's principal ceeties. The day Alawites are concentratit in the plains aroond [[Hama]] an [[Homs]] an aw. Alawites live in aw major ceeties o Sirie an aw. Thay hae been estimatit tae constitute aboot 11-12% o Sirie's population<ref>{{cite news |date=2012-02-20 |title=Turbulent history colors Syria's ruling Alawite Muslims' |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/afp/2012/02/20/332152/Turbulent-history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330215953/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/commentary/afp/2012/02/20/332152/Turbulent-history.htm |archive-date=2016-03-30 |work=The China Post |agency=Agence-France Presse |access-date=2024-03-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2012-02-02 |title=Syria's Alawites, a secretive and persecuted sect |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/02/us-syria-alawites-sect-idUSTRE8110Q720120202 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2024-03-23 |archive-date=2012-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213122907/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/02/us-syria-alawites-sect-idUSTRE8110Q720120202 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syrians-flee-their-homes-amid-fears-of-ethnic-cleansing-7079802.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328175615/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syrians-flee-their-homes-amid-fears-of-ethnic-cleansing-7079802.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>- 2.1 million fowk.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minority Rights Group: Syria |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/syria/ |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref> Thare are fower Alawite confederations – Kalbiyah, Khaiyatin, Haddadin, an Matawirah – each dividit intae tribes.<ref name="GlobSec">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-alawi.htm Alawi Islam] globalsecurity.org</ref> Alawites are concentratit in the [[Latakia]] region o Sirie, extendin north tae [[Antioch]] ([[Antakya]]), Turkey, an in an aroond [[Homs]] an [[Hama]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/12399/Alawite |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2010-01-17}}</ref> Afore 1953 thay held reservit seats in the Sirie Pairlament, lik aw ither releegious commonties. Efter that, includin for the 1960 census, thare wur anerlie general Muslim an Christian categories, athout mention o subgroups in order tae reduce "[[Communalism (Sooth Asie)|communalism]]" (''taïfiyya''). Thare are aboot 2000 Alawites livin in the veelage o [[Ghajar]], split atween Lebanon an the [[Golan Hichts]] an aw.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1084425.html |title=Getting rid of Ghajar - Haaretz - Israel News |publisher=Haaretz |date= |accessdate=2010-01-17 |archive-date=2010-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723152305/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/getting-rid-of-ghajar-1.275742 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1932, the residents o Ghajar wur gien the option o chuisin thair naitionality an owerwhelmingly chose tae be a pairt o Sirie, which haes a sizable Alawite minority.<ref name="NYTfence">[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/11/world/middleeast/11lebanon.html A New Fence Is Added to a Border Town Already Split]</ref> Prior tae the [[Sax-Day War]], the residents o Ghajar wur coontit in the 1960 Sirie census.<ref name="GhajRid">{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1084425.html |title=Getting rid of Ghajar, Zvi Bar'el, Haaretz |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-date=2010-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723152305/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/getting-rid-of-ghajar-1.275742 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Whan [[Israel]] captured the [[Golan Hichts]] frae Sirie in 1967, Ghajar remained a [[nae-man's laund]] for twa an a hauf months. === Lebanon === {{See also|Shi'a Islam in Lebanon}} [[File:Jabal Mohsen mosque.jpg|thumb|left|Alawite mosque in Jabal Mohsen, Lebanon]] Thare are an estimatit 100,000 tae 120,000<ref name="repost1"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Zoi Constantine |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/pressures-in-syria-affect-alawites-in-lebanon |title=Pressures in Syria affect Alawites in Lebanon - The National |work=The National|location=Abu Dhabi |accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> Alawites in [[Lebanon]], whaur thay hae livit syne at least the 16t century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/93/lbn31663.pdf.aspx|title=‘Lebanese Allawites welcome Syria’s withdrawal as ‘necessary’ 2005, The Daily Star, 30 April|quote=The Alawis have been present in modern-day Lebanon since the 16th century and are estimated to number 100,000 today, mostly in Akkar and Tripoli.|access-date=2012-03-30|archive-date=2012-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325122621/http://www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/93/lbn31663.pdf.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thay are recognizit as ane o the 18 offeecial Lebanese sects, an due tae the efforts o thair leader [[Ali Eid]], the [[Taif Greement]] o 1989 gae thaim twa reservit seats in the Pairlament. Lebanese Alawites live maistly in the Jabal Mohsen neebourheid o [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]], an in 15 veelages in the [[Akkar Destrict]] <ref>{{cite web |date=2008-11-22 |title=The view from Jabal Mohsen |url=http://menassat.com/?q=en%2Fnews-articles%2F5210-tripoli-4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514032159/http://menassat.com/?q=en%2Fnews-articles%2F5210-tripoli-4 |archive-date=2010-05-14 |website=menassat |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2008-08-05 |title=Lebanon: Displaced Allawis find little relief in impoverished north |url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230529083446/https://www.refworld.org/docid/489c1be4c.html |website=UNHCR |publisher=IRIN |location=Hisa, Akkar |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2008-07-31 |title=Lebanon: Displaced families struggle on both sides of sectarian divide |url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230531195609/https://www.refworld.org/docid/4896c47526.html |website=UNHCR |publisher=IRIN |access-date=2024-03-23}}</ref>, an are mainly representit bi the [[Arab Democratic Pairty (Lebanon)|Arab Democratic Pairty]]. [[Bab al-Tabbaneh, Jabal Mohsen clashes]] atween pro-Sirie Alawites an anti-Sirie Sunnis hae hauntit Tripoli for decades.<ref>{{cite news |last=Enders |first=David |date=2012-02-13 |title=Syrian violence finds its echo in Lebanon |url=https://www.mcclatchydc.com/2012/02/13/v-print/138757/syrian-violence-finds-its-echo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603083656/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/2012/02/13/v-print/138757/syrian-violence-finds-its-echo.html |archive-date=2013-06-03 |work=McClatchy Washington Bureau |access-date=2024-03-23 |location=Tripoli, Lebanon }}</ref> === Turkey === In order tae avoid confusion wi [[Alevi]]s, thay prefer the sel-appellation ''Arap Alevileri'' ("Arab Alevis") in [[Turkis leid|Turkis]]. The term ''Nusayrī'', which uised tae exist in (aften polemical) theological texts is revivit in recent studies an aw. In [[Çukurova]], thay are namit as ''[[Fellah]]'' an ''Arabuşağı'', the latter considered heichlie offensive bi Alawites, bi the [[Sunni]] population. A quasi-offeecial name uised pairticularly in 1930s bi Turkis authorities wis ''Eti Türkleri'' ("[[Hittites|Hittite]] Turks"), in order tae conceal thair [[Arabs in Turkey|Arab]] oreegins. The day, this term is amaist obsolete but it is still uised bi some fowk o aulder generations as a [[euphemism]]. The exact nummer o Alawites in Turkey is unkent, but thare wur 185 000 in 1970<ref>{{Cite book | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=State and rural society in medieval Islam: sultans, muqtaʻs, and fallahun | year=1997 | publisher=E.J. Brill | location=Leiden | isbn=90-04-10649-9 | pages=162}}</ref> (this nummer suggest ca 400 000 in 2009). As [[Muslim]]s, thay are no recordit separately frae Sunnis in ID registration. In the [[Demografics o Turkey#1965 linguistic census|1965 census]] (the last Turkis census whaur informants wur asked thair [[mither tongue]]), 180,000 fowk in the three provinces declared thair mither tongue as [[Arabic]]. Housomeivver, Arabic-speakin Sunni an [[Christian]] fowk are includit in this figur an aw. Alawites tradeetionally speak the same dialect o [[Levantine Arabic]] wi [[Sirie]] Alawites. Arabic is best preservit in landwart commonties an Samandağ. Younger fowk in [[Çukurova]] ceeties an (tae a lesser extent) in İskenderun tend tae speak Turkis. Turkis spoken bi Alawis is distinguished bi Alawi an nan-Alawi alike wi its pairticular [[Accent (linguistics)|accents]] an [[vocabulary]]. Knowledge o [[Arabic alphabet]] is confined tae releegious leaders an men who haed wirkit or studiet in [[Arab Warld|Arab kintras]]. Alawites show a considerable pattern o [[social mobility]]. Till 1960s, thay uised tae wirk bund tae Sunni aghas aroond Antakya an thay wur amang the poorest fowk in Çukurova. The day, Alawis are prominent in economic sectors sic as [[transportation]] an [[commerce]]. A lairge [[professional]] [[middle-class]] haed emergit an aw. In recent years, thare haes been a tendency o [[exogamy]], pairticularly amang males who haed attendit varsities an/or haed livit in ither pairts o Turkey. Thir marriages are heichlie toleratit but exogamy o weemen, as in ither [[patrilineal]] groups, is uisually disfavoured. Alawites, lik Alevis, mainly hae strang [[leftist]] poleetical preferences. Housomeivver, some fowk in landwart auries (uisually members o notable Alawite faimilies) mey be foond supportin [[secularist]] [[Conservatism|conservative]] pairties sic as [[True Path Pairty]]. Maist Alawis feel discriminatit bi the policies o [[Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı]].<ref>''Fellahlar'ın Sosyolojisi'', Dr. Cahit Aslan, Adana, 2005</ref><ref>''Arap Aleviliği: Nusayrilik'', Ömer Uluçay, Adana, 1999</ref> == See an aw == *[[Al-Khaṣībī]], foonder o the sect == References == ;Notes {{Reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == *[http://alaweenonline.com/content/view/12/42/ بيان عقيدة العلويين] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214035917/http://alaweenonline.com/content/view/12/42/ |date=2011-12-14 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alawi}} [[Category:Alawites]] [[Category:Arab groups]] [[Category:Ethnoreleegious groups]] [[Category:Fertile Crescent]] mltzwgay2lnt852zhmjjqbw14th4xeb 0 58535 923079 636809 2026-09-23T09:06:19Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Ferno | official_name = Comune di Ferno | native_name = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|45|37|N|8|45|E|type:city(6,701)_region:IT|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lombardy]] | province = [[Province o Varese]] (VA) | frazioni = San Macario | mayor_party = | mayor = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 8.5 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 6701 | population_as_of = Dec. 2004 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Fernesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 211 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 21010 | area_code = 0331 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.ferno.va.it}} | footnotes = }} '''Ferno''' is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province o Varese]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Lombardy]], locatit aboot 40&nbsp;km northwast o [[Milan]] an aboot 35&nbsp;km sooth o [[Varese]]. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 6,701 an a aurie o 8.5&nbsp;km².<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref> The municipality o Ferno contains the ''[[frazione]]'' (subdiveesion) San Macario. Ferno borders the follaein municipalities: [[Lonate Pozzolo]], [[Samarate]], [[Somma Lombardo]], [[Vizzola Ticino]]. It is servit bi [[Ferno-Lonate Pozzolo railwey station]]. [[Volare Group SpA]] ance haed its heid office in ''Area Tecnica Sud'' o Terminal 1 o [[Milan Malpensa Airport]] in Ferno.<ref>"[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=716825 Volare Group SpA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301044132/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=716825 |date=2009-03-01 }}." ''[[Businessweek]]''. Retrieved on February 8, 2011. "The company is based in Ferno, Italy." and "Aeroporto Malpensa 2000 - S.P. 52 Terminal 1- Area Tecnica Sud Ferno, VA 21010"</ref> == Demographic evolution == <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:455 height:303 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:6500 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1861 text:1861 bar:1871 text:1871 bar:1881 text:1881 bar:1901 text:1901 bar:1911 text:1911 bar:1921 text:1921 bar:1931 text:1931 bar:1936 text:1936 bar:1951 text:1951 bar:1961 text:1961 bar:1971 text:1971 bar:1981 text:1981 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:2001 text:2001 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1861 from: 0 till:1969 bar:1871 from: 0 till:1986 bar:1881 from: 0 till:2184 bar:1901 from: 0 till:2230 bar:1911 from: 0 till:2346 bar:1921 from: 0 till:2137 bar:1931 from: 0 till:2295 bar:1936 from: 0 till:2300 bar:1951 from: 0 till:2600 bar:1961 from: 0 till:3436 bar:1971 from: 0 till:4590 bar:1981 from: 0 till:5166 bar:1991 from: 0 till:6134 bar:2001 from: 0 till:6364 PlotData= bar:1861 at:1969 fontsize:XS text: 1969 shift:(-8,5) bar:1871 at:1986 fontsize:XS text: 1986 shift:(-8,5) bar:1881 at:2184 fontsize:XS text: 2184 shift:(-8,5) bar:1901 at:2230 fontsize:XS text: 2230 shift:(-8,5) bar:1911 at:2346 fontsize:XS text: 2346 shift:(-8,5) bar:1921 at:2137 fontsize:XS text: 2137 shift:(-8,5) bar:1931 at:2295 fontsize:XS text: 2295 shift:(-8,5) bar:1936 at:2300 fontsize:XS text: 2300 shift:(-8,5) bar:1951 at:2600 fontsize:XS text: 2600 shift:(-8,5) bar:1961 at:3436 fontsize:XS text: 3436 shift:(-8,5) bar:1971 at:4590 fontsize:XS text: 4590 shift:(-8,5) bar:1981 at:5166 fontsize:XS text: 5166 shift:(-8,5) bar:1991 at:6134 fontsize:XS text: 6134 shift:(-8,5) bar:2001 at:6364 fontsize:XS text: 6364 shift:(-8,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:Data from ISTAT </timeline> ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== {{Portal|Italy}} * [http://www.comune.ferno.va.it www.comune.ferno.va.it] {{it icon}} {{clear}} {{Province o Varese}} qnmbnnczuladpnia7i0hu3b7j3tm2rg 0 59523 923065 886200 2026-09-23T07:36:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = DevilDriver | image = DevilDriver.PNG | caption = | image_size = 350 | landscape = Yes | alias = Deathride (2002–2003) | background = group_or_band | origin = [[Santa Barbara, Californie|Santa Barbara]], [[Californie]], Unitit States | years_active = 2002–present | genre = <!--DO NOT CHANGE THE GENRE, YOUR EDIT WILL BE REVERTED QUICKLY IF YOU CHOOSE TO DO SO — CONSULT THE TALK PAGE WITH A SOURCE IF YOU WANT AN ADDITION OR CHANGE TO THIS SECTION --> [[Groove metal]], [[melodic daith metal]] | label = [[Napalm Records|Napalm]], [[Roadrunner Records|Roadrunner]] | associated_acts = [[Coal Chamber]] | website = {{URL|http://www.devildriver.com}} | current_members = [[Dez Fafara]]<br>Mike Spreitzer<br>Jeff Kendrick<br>John Boecklin<br>Chris Towning | past_members = Evan Pitts<br>Jon Miller }} '''DevilDriver''' is an American [[hivy metal]] baund frae [[Santa Barbara, Californie|Santa Barbara]], [[Californie]], formit in 2002. The baund wis oreeginally namit Deathride, housomeivver, due tae copyricht issues an the name bein taken bi several baunds, Deathride chyngit its name tae DevilDriver, which refers to bells Italian [[Wicca]]ns uised tae drive evil forces awa. ==Biografie== ===Formation an sel-titled album (2002–2004)=== At the age o fifteen, [[bassist]] Jon Miller haed formit a baund wi drummer John Boecklin an guitarist Jeff Kendrick in heich schuil. The baund wis cried Area-51 an played [[cover versions]] o [[Metallica]], [[Slayer]], an [[Pantera]].<ref name="DevilDriver interview with Jon Miller">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver interview with Jon Miller |author=Lumpkin, Sharita |publisher=fourteeng.net |date= |url=http://www.fourteeng.net/devildriverinterview.html |accessdate=2007-10-25 |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513152509/http://www.fourteeng.net/devildriverinterview.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Miller, Boecklin an Kendrick met [[Coal Chamber]] vocalist [[Dez Fafara]] while he wis in the process o recordin the album ''[[Dark Days (Coal Chamber album)|Dark Days]]'' wi Coal Chamber in 2002. The three wur playin in a local baund an talkit tae Fafara who said he wis thinkin aboot leavin Coal Chamber. Fafara said "Hey you guys write some heavy shit, and I want to get out of Coal Chamber".<ref name="DevilDriver: Interview with Jon Miller">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver: Interview with Jon Miller |author=Moskowitz, Shayna |publisher=unratedmagazine.com |date=2006-02-04 |url=http://www.unratedmagazine.com/Document.cfm?Page=Articles/index.cfm&Article_ID=301 |accessdate=2007-10-25}}</ref> Fafara hostit several barbecues efter muivin frae [[Orange Coonty, Californie|Orange Coonty]] tae Santa Barbara an wad [[jam (muisic)|jam]] wi muisickers he met, which led tae the formation o the baund.<ref name="BZ">{{cite web |title=Blasting-zone Interview with Dez Fafara |author= |publisher=blasting-zone.com |date= |url=http://www.blasting-zone.com/DevilDriver1.htm |accessdate=2007-10-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515214509/http://blasting-zone.com/DevilDriver1.htm |archivedate=2006-05-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Guitarist Evan Pitts met Fafara in a restaurant an gae him his phone nummer for a jam session, while John Boecklin who oreeginally played guitar then played drums, met Fafara at a bar.<ref name="DevilDriver is the new creation of Dez Fafara">{{cite web |title=Metal-Update interview with Dez Fafara |author=Loutsch, Travis |publisher=Metal-update.com |date= |url=http://www.metalupdate.com/interviewdevil.html |accessdate=2007-10-28}}</ref> The baund wis oreeginally kent as Deathride, but later chyngit thair name tae DevilDriver acause Fafara felt thare wur ower mony baunds wi that name; a baund in Norfolk, Virginie, an a bicycle racin team.<ref name="Interview with Dez Farfara of DevilDriver">{{cite web |title=Interview with Dez Farfara of DevilDriver |author=Katrina |publisher=Metal-temple.com |date=2005-08-12 |url=http://www.metal-temple.com/interview.asp?id=203 |accessdate=2007-10-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103071738/http://www.metal-temple.com/interview.asp?id=203 |archivedate=2005-11-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anither problem wis that the baund's label, [[Roadrunner Records]] wur unable tae secur copyricht.<ref name="Interview with DevilDriver">{{cite web |title=Interview with DevilDriver |author= |publisher=truepunk.com |date= |url=http://www.truepunk.com/interviews/DevilDriver/ |accessdate=2007-10-27 |archive-date=2007-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015065323/http://truepunk.com/interviews/DevilDriver/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The members compiled a leet o roughly twa hunder names tae go for a mair oreeginal approach. Fafara's wife haed a beuk bi Italian witchcraft author [[Raven Grimassi]] on [[Stregheria]], an came athort the term 'devil driver'. The term 'devil driver' refers tae bells Italian witches uised tae drive evil forces awa. Fafara thocht it wis appropriate acause it soondit "evil", an thocht the term "suits his life".<ref name="TARTAREAN DESIRE WEBZINE">{{cite web |title=Tartarean Desire WEbzine |author=Kirshne, Matthew |publisher=tartareandesire.com |date= |url=http://www.tartareandesire.com/interviews/devildriver.html |accessdate=2007-10-25}}</ref> The baund's logo is the Cross o Confusion, which haes existit for thoosans o years an refers tae "question releegion, question authority, question iverything aroond you". Fafara wis brocht up tae "question iverything" an wis exponit tae Italian witchcraft throu his guidparents.<ref name="DevilDriver is the new creation of Dez Fafara"/> DevilDriver's debut record wis oreeginally goin tae be cried ''Thirteen'',<ref name="DEATHRIDE Change Name To DEVILDRIVER">{{cite web |title=Deathride Change Name To DevilDriver |author= |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |date=2006-06-23 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=13010 |accessdate=2007-10-30 |archive-date=2007-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224083955/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=13010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> an then ''Straight to Hell''. Housomeivver, Fafara claims it wis chyngit "for so mony raisons that A canna even go intae."<ref name=" DEVILDRIVER No Longer Going 'Straight To Hell' ">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver No Longer Going 'Straight To Hell' |author= |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |date=2003-08-09 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=14296 |accessdate=2007-10-28 |archive-date=2007-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084731/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=14296 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The baund's sel-titled debut ''[[DevilDriver (album)|DevilDriver]]'', wis released on 21 October 2003 unner [[Roadrunner Records]], an entered the [[Top Heatseekers]] chairt at nummer 17.<ref name="billboard-1">{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=devildriver|chart=Heatseekers Albums}}|title=DevilDriver Heatseekers Chart History|publisher=''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''|access-date=2013-09-25|archive-date=2016-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330212323/http://www.billboard.com/artist/300839/devildriver/chart?f=324|url-status=dead}}</ref> Guitarist Pitts wrote roughly 90% o the muisic, accordin tae [[Mike Spreitzer]], who replacit Pitts efter his depairtur frae the baund. Muisic creetics response tae the album wis generally negative. ''[[Allmusic]]'' reviewer Johnny Loftus commented that elements in the sangs "Die (And Die Now)" an "Swinging the Dead" redeem an itherwise disappointin album an howpit the baund wad focus less on the [[mainstream]].<ref name="DevilDriver album review">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver album review |author=Loftus, Johnny |publisher=Allmusic |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r663018|pure_url=yes}} |accessdate=2007-11-10}}</ref> ===''The Fury of Our Maker's Hand'' (2005–2006)=== The baund returned tae the studio in 2005 tae record thair follae-up tae ''DevilDriver''. The album wis producit at Sonic Ranch Studios, a {{convert|1400|acre|km2|sing=on}} [[pecan]] ranch, {{convert|40|mi|km}} awa frae [[El Paso, Texas]]. The baund members wantit tae be isolatit when recordin the album sae thay coud solely focus on the muisic as friends, faimily, managers an girlfriends wad constantly interrupt. Roughly 30 sangs wur written which wur narraeed doun tae 15 bi the baund. The 15 sangs wur then played for producer [[Colin Richardson]] who wantit tae begin [[tracker (muisic software)|trackin]] immediately. The name o the album wis thocht o bi Fafara who believit that ''[[The Fury of Our Maker's Hand]]'' refers tae the "stuirm" his life haes been the past 10 years, "You have your maker's hand and I have my maker's hand and we both living in our fury, the fury of our maker's hand. It explains my life".<ref name="Soundscan report"/> The album wis released on 28 Juin 2005 an debuted on the ''[[Billboard 200]]'' chairt at nummer 117, wi sales o 10,402 in its first week.<ref name="Soundscan report">[http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=38915 "Soundscan report DevilDriver"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606223528/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=38915 |date=2011-06-06 }} Blabbermouth.net, (July 6, 2005). Retrieved on November 11, 2007</ref> The album debuted at nummer 1 on the [[Top Heatseekers]] chairt an aw.<ref name="billboard-1"/> Johnny Loftus of [[Allmusic]] describit the album as "a severe turn awa frae the falter o their first album" an said that the baund made thair "true debut the seicont time aroond".<ref name="The Fury of Our Maker's Hand">{{cite web |title=The Fury of Our Maker's Hand - Allmusic review |author=Loftus, Johnny |publisher=Allmusic |date= |url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r781295|pure_url=yes}} |accessdate=2007-10-27}}</ref> Dom Lawson o ''[[Kerrang!]]'' gae the album a positive review describin the album as a "fresh an exhilaratin approach tae modren metal".<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kerrang!|url=http://www.roadrun.com/artists/Devildriver/showphoto.aspx?photoID=10838|title=Kerrang DevilDriver Review Scan|accessdate=2007-12-06|archive-date=2007-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013050654/http://roadrun.com/artists/Devildriver/showphoto.aspx?photoID=10838|url-status=dead}}</ref> The baund toured extensively in support o the album, which included shows in the Unitit States, Europe, an Australie in support o baunds such as [[In Flames]], [[Fear Factory]], an [[Machine Head (baund)|Machine Head]]. The baund played for the first time as a heidliner in the Burning Daylight Tour. On 31 October 2006, ''The Fury of Our Maker's Hand'' wis re-released tae include three new studio tracks, includin "Digging up the Corpses" which wis featurt on the soondtrack tae ''[[Resident Evil: Apocalypse]]''. The release contained three live recordins o previously released, a DVD o aw o the baund's muisic videos, new cover airt, an inside liner notes an aw.<ref name="An Interview with Devildriver Frontman Dez Fafara">{{cite web |title=An Interview with Devildriver Frontman Dez Fafara |author=Roya |publisher=Metal-Underground.com |date=2005-07-26 |url=http://www.metalunderground.com/interviews/details.cfm?newsid=27744 |accessdate=2007-10-27}}</ref> ===''The Last Kind Words'' (2007–2008)=== The baund reunitit at Sonic Ranch Studios while thay recordit thair third studio effort, ''[[The Last Kind Words]]'', which wis released in Juin 2007. The album's first single "Not All Who Wander Are Lost" wis directit bi [[Nathan Cox]] for free. Cox's career began when he creatit Coal Chamber's muisic video "Loco", sae he re-paid a favor tae Fafara an the baund. Cox nou directs muisic videos for baunds such as [[Linkin Park]] an [[Korn]].<ref name="DevilDriver Vocalist Dez Fafara"/> The first sang tae be previewed wis "Horn of Betrayal" which debuted on Sirius Satellite's Haurd Attack channel on 16 Mey 2007. ''The Last Kind Words'' entered the German chairts at nummer 92,<ref name="DEVILDRIVER: 'The Last Kind Words' Enters German Chart At No.&nbsp;92">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver: 'The Last Kind Words' Enters German Chart At No.&nbsp;92 |author= |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |date=2007-06-29 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=75792 |accessdate=2007-10-28 |archive-date=2007-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084025/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=75792 |url-status=dead }}</ref> an peakit at nummer 48 on the ''[[Billboard 200]]'', wi ower 14,000 copies sauld.<ref name="KORN, DEVILDRIVER, ENTOMBED, FIVE FINGER DEATH PUNCH First-Week Sales Revealed">{{cite web |title=Korn, DevilDriver, Entombed, Five Finger Death Punch First-Week Sales Revealed |author= |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |date=2007-08-08 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=78340 |accessdate=2007-10-30 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181338/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=78340 |url-status=dead }}</ref> DevilDriver promoted the album at the 2007 [[Download Festival]] at [[Donington Park]] alangside heidliners Linkin Park, [[Iron Maiden]], an [[My Chemical Romance]]. A [[Guinness warld record]] wis attemptit bi the baund for the "lairgest circle pit" at the festival. Guinness responded tae the query an denied the request statin thay receive ower 60,000 requests a year an thare is nae wey tae pheesically define whaur a circle pit stairts an ends. Thay considered the proposal fully in the context o the subject aurie an statit that "oor decision is feenal in this matter".<ref name="DEVILDRIVER Attempts 'Largest Circle Pit' GUINESS Record; Video Available ">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver Attempts 'Largest Circle Pit' GUINESS Record; Video Available |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |date=2007-06-13 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=74586 |accessdate=2007-10-28 |archive-date=2007-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084742/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=74586 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="DevilDriver @ Download 2007">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver @ Download 2007 |author=Bruce Wayne |publisher=Youtube.com |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULgU7_lYA38 |accessdate=2007-10-28}}</ref> The baund appeared at 2007's [[Ozzfest]] an aw. Fafara haed been plannin tae tak his first sax weeks aff in 11 years, but [[Sharon Osbourne]], who haed managit Fafara's previous baund [[Coal Chamber]], persuadit him tae appear.<ref name="DevilDriver Vocalist Dez Fafara">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver Vocalist Dez Fafara |author= |publisher=Metal-rules.com |date=2007-09-27 |url=http://www.metal-rules.com/zine/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=1057&Itemid=60 |accessdate=2007-10-27 |archive-date=2016-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010125349/http://www.metal-rules.com/zine/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=1057&Itemid=60 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At a concert in Detroit, Michigan, a recordin wis made wi the intention o releasin a live DVD in 2008<ref>{{cite web |title="Tirades of Truth" - DevilDriver guitarist Mike Spreitzer |author=Morgan, Anthony |publisher=lucemfero.com |date= |url=http://www.lucemfero.com/devildriver102007.php |accessdate=2007-10-29 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308112912/http://www.lucemfero.com/devildriver102007.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> awtho this haes yet tae be released. DevilDriver's sangs "Devil's Son" an "Driving Down the Darkness" wur featurt in the TV programme ''Scrubs'',<ref name="DevilDriver Music Featured In NBC-TV's 'Scrubs'">{{cite web |title=DevilDriver Music Featured In NBC-TV's 'Scrubs' |publisher=Blabbermouth.net |date=2007-02-20 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=67447 |accessdate=2007-12-05 |archive-date=2007-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223000127/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=67447 |url-status=dead }}</ref> an in 2008 thay covered the [[Iron Maiden]] sang "[[Wasted Years]]" for the ''[[Kerrang!]]'' compilation ''[[Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden]]''. The sang "Clouds Over California" became available as a dounload for the muisic video gemme ''[[Rock Band]]''. === ''Pray for Villains'' (2009) === Thair fowert album ''[[Pray for Villains]]'' wis released on 11 August 2009, debutin at No.&nbsp;35 on the ''[[Billboard 200]]'', wi estimatit sales o aroond 14,600, impruivin on thair previous effort, ''[[The Last Kind Words]]'', which debuted at No.&nbsp;48.<ref name="billboard-2">{{cite web|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=devildriver|chart=all}}|title=DevilDriver Billboard 200 Chart History|publisher=''Billboard''|access-date=2013-09-25|archive-date=2015-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824152623/http://www.billboard.com/artist/300839/devildriver/chart|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 21 Februar 2009, the baund performit in Australie at the Soundwave Festival wi baunds such as Lamb of God an In Flames. Efter feenishin thair Melbourne shaw, thay annooncit that thair new album wad be released 11 August 2009. The baund toured in the Midwest states in mid-Mey 2009 wi baunds such as [[Slipknot (baund)|Slipknot]], [[3 Inches of Blood]] an [[All That Remains (baund)|All That Remains]] an aw afore heidlinin the 'Thrash an Burn' Tour wi [[Emmure]], [[Despised Icon]], [[MyChildrenMyBride]], [[Oceano]], [[Kittie]], an [[Thy Will Be Done]] amangst ithers. Thay completit a European Tour wi several ither baunds such as [[Behemoth (baund)|Behemoth]] an [[Suicide Silence]]. In Januar an Februar 2010, DevilDriver embarkit on thair heidlinin 'Bound Bi The Road' Tour wi [[Suffocation (baund)|Suffocation]], [[Goatwhore]], an Thy Will Be Done. In Mairch 2010, DevilDriver pairticipatit in 2010's Getaway Rock festival, which wis held in [[Gävle]], [[Swaden]] an began on 8 Julie an endit on twa days later. The baund wis includit in an extensive UK tour in November 2010 wi [[36 Crazyfists]] an aw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idiomag.com/peek/107470/devildriver|title=DEVILDRIVER, THE HAUNTED, RAISED FIST, THE CROWN Confirmed For Sweden's GETAWAY ROCK|accessdate=2010-03-16|date=|publisher=[[idiomag]]}}</ref>{{update after|2012|12|31}} === ''Beast'' (2010-2012) === DevilDriver's fift album ''[[Beast (DevilDriver album)|Beast]]'' wis recordit at Sonic Ranch studios in Tornillo, Texas wi producer [[Mark Lewis (muisic producer)|Mark Lewis]], an released 22 Februar 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/devildriver-beast-unleashed/|title=DevilDriver ‘Beast’ Unleashed |date=October 25, 2010|accessdate=2010-11-18}}</ref> John Boecklin confirmit that the new album wis mixed bi [[Andy Sneap]] at his Backstage studio in Derbyshire, Ingland in Julie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundwavetouring.com/|title=Soundwave Touring|access-date=2013-09-25|archive-date=2012-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420111522/http://www.soundwavetouring.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> DevilDriver went on a tour in Australie wi bands such as [[Iron Maiden]], [[Slayer]], [[All That Remains (baund)|All That Remains]] an [[Nonpoint]] for the Soundwave Festival in Februar an Mairch 2011. Jonathan Miller, the baund's bassist syne the time o its formation, teuk a break frae the baund tae attend rehab. On 30 Mairch, it wis annooncit that Miller an DevilDriver wad pairt weys permanently, in the interest o Miller's continuin recovery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalinsider.net/splits/bassist-jonathan-miller-quits-devildriver?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MetalInsider+%28Metal+Insider%29&utm_content=Twitter|title=Bassist Jonathan Miller Quits DevilDriver |date=2011-03-30|accessdate=2011-03-30}}</ref> DevilDriver opened for [[Danzig (baund)|Danzig]] alang wi [[2Cents]] in 2011 supportin Danzig's 2010 release, ''[[Deth Red Sabaoth]]'', an tour North Americae wi [[Chthonic (baund)|Chthonic]] an [[Skeletonwitch]] supportin [[Arch Enemy]]. === ''Winter Kills'' (2012-present) === <!--DO NOT CHANGE THIS SECTION, YOUR EDIT WILL BE REVERTED QUICKLY IF YOU CHOOSE TO DO SO — CONSULT THE TALK PAGE WITH A SOURCE IF YOU WANT AN ADDITION OR CHANGE TO THIS SECTION --> DevilDriver heidlined the 2012 Metal Alliance Festival Tour in the ware. On 9 Februar 2012, guitarist Kendrick annooncit via his [[Twitter]] accoont that hissel, Boecklin an Mike Spreitzer haed "begun tae compone an demo sangs for DevilDriver's 6t album.<ref name="ReferenceA">https://twitter.com/#!/jeffkendrick/status/167703113518690304</ref> In Mairch 2012, durin an interview wi Nick Azinas frae Peek frae the Pit, Fafara annooncit that the baund wis leukin for a new record label. This annooncement offeecially endit the aicht-year relationship atween [[Devildriver]] an [[Roadrunner Records]].<ref name="Peek from the Pit">{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtv8wuZagIk |title=Dez Fafara from DevilDriver Interview @ Peek from the Pit (HD) |publisher=peekfromthepit.com |date= |accessdate=2012-04-17}}</ref> On 8 Julie it wis annooncit that DevilDriver haes signed wi Napalm Records for the upcomin saxt album. On 18 Februar 2013 Dez annooncit on his Twitter accoont that Chris Towning who haes been fillin in on bass for the past year haes been made the baund's offeecial bassist. In a Mairch 2013 interview wi Get Your Rock Out guitarist Jeff Kendrick annooncit that an album title wis "vera close", addin that the record wis currently bein mixed wi anerly a couple o pieces o vocal recordin tae be done afore the album is mastered.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ1DQ4DxgsI&list=UUCFrNN1gLxKz73g9HINBmfw&index=4</ref> On 28 Mey 2013, DevilDriver released the cover airtwirk an release date for the new album, Winter Kills. The album wis released on 27 August 2013 bi Napalm Records, thair first album release syne leavin Roadrunner. ==Baund members== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ;Current members * [[Dez Fafara]] – [[lead vocalist|lead vocals]] <small>(2002–present)</small> * Jeff Kendrick - [[guitar]] <small>(2002–present)</small> * John Boecklin – [[drum kit|drums]] <small>(2002–present)</small> * Mike Spreitzer – guitar <small>(2004–present)</small> * Chris Towning - bass <small>(2013–present)</small> {{col-2}} ;Umwhile members * Evan Pitts - guitar <small>(2002–2004)</small> * Jonathan Miller - [[bass guitar]] <small>(2003–2011)</small> ;Touring members * Aaron "Bubble" Patrick - bass guitar <small>(2010–2012)</small> * Chris Towning - bass <small>(2012-2013)</small> {{col-end}} <br> <centre> <div class="left" > <timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:100 bottom:60 top:0 right:10 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:2002 till:12/31/2013 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:2002 ScaleMinor = increment:2 start:2003 Colors = id:vocals value:red legend:Lead&nbsp;vocals id:guitar value:green legend:Guitar_&_Backing_Vocals id:bass value:blue legend:Bass id:drums;percussion value:purple legend:Drums id:touring value:skyblue legend:Touring_Bass id:lines value:black legend:Studio_Albums LineData = at:10/21/2003 color:black layer:back at:06/28/2005 color:black layer:back at:07/31/2007 color:black layer:back at:08/11/2009 color:black layer:back at:02/22/2011 color:black layer:back at:08/27/2013 color:black layer:back BarData = bar:Dez text:"Dez Fafara" bar:John text:"John Boecklin" bar:Jeff text:"Jeff Kendrick" bar:Evan text:"Evan Pitts" bar:Mike text:"Mike Spreitzer" bar:Jonathan text:"Jonathan Miller" bar:Aaron text:"Aaron Patrick" bar:Chris text:"Chris Towning" PlotData= width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:Dez from:01/01/2002 till:end color:vocals bar:Mike from:01/01/2004 till:end color:guitar bar:Jeff from:01/01/2002 till:end color:guitar bar:Jonathan from:01/01/2002 till:03/30/2011 color:bass bar:John from:01/01/2002 till:end color:drums;percussion bar:Evan from:01/01/2002 till:01/01/2004 color:guitar bar:Aaron from:12/01/2010 till:02/28/2012 color:touring bar:Chris from:03/01/2012 till:02/18/2013 color:touring bar:Chris from:02/18/2013 till:end color:bass </timeline> </div> </centre> ==Discografie== ;Studio albums {|class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"|Year !rowspan="2"|Album details !colspan="9"|Peak chairts poseetions |- !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[Billboard 200|US]]<br><ref name="billboard-2"/> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[Top Heatseekers|US Heat.]]<br><ref name="billboard-1"/> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=DevilDriver|title=Discography DevilDriver|publisher=australian-charts.com}}</ref> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=DevilDriver|title=Discographie DevilDriver|publisher=austriancharts.at|language=German}}</ref> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=DevilDriver|title=Discographie DevilDriver|publisher=lescharts.com|language=French}}</ref> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[Media Control Charts|GER]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/DevilDriver/longplay|title=DevilDriver > Longplay-Chartverfolgung|publisher=musicline.de|language=German|access-date=2013-09-24|archive-date=2015-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019075638/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/DevilDriver/longplay|url-status=dead}}</ref> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[MegaCharts|NLD]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=DevilDriver|title=Discografie DevilDriver|publisher=dutchcharts.nl|language=Dutch}}</ref> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=DevilDriver|title=Discographie DevilDriver|publisher=hitparade.ch|language=German}}</ref> !style="width:3em;font-size:75%"|[[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/devildriver|title=DevilDriver|publisher=[[The Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> |- |2003 |''[[DevilDriver (album)|DevilDriver]]'' *Released: 21 October 2003 *Label: [[Roadrunner Records|Roadrunner]] | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|17 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |- |2005 |''[[The Fury of Our Maker's Hand]]'' *Released: 28 Juin 2005 *Label: Roadrunner | style="text-align:center;"|117 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|153 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— |- |2007 |''[[The Last Kind Words]]'' *Released: 31 Julie 2007 *Label: Roadrunner | style="text-align:center;"|48 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|46 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|147 | style="text-align:center;"|92 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|94<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_D.HTM|title=Chart Log UK: Asher D - Dyverse|publisher=Zobbel}}</ref> |- |2009 |''[[Pray for Villains]]'' *Released: 11 August 2009 *Label: Roadrunner | style="text-align:center;"|35 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|35 | style="text-align:center;"|61 | style="text-align:center;"|112 | style="text-align:center;"|64 | style="text-align:center;"|92 | style="text-align:center;"|74 | style="text-align:center;"|60 |- |2011 |''[[Beast (DevilDriver album)|Beast]]'' *Released: 22 Februar 2011 *Label: Roadrunner | style="text-align:center;"|42 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|9 | style="text-align:center;"|40 | style="text-align:center;"|144 | style="text-align:center;"|43<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Devil+Driver/longplay|title=Devil Driver > Longplay-Chartverfolgung|publisher=musicline.de|language=German|access-date=2013-09-24|archive-date=2015-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019075638/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Devil+Driver/longplay|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|100 | style="text-align:center;"|59 | style="text-align:center;"|51 |- |2013 |''[[Winter Kills (album)|Winter Kills]]'' *Released: 27 August 2013<ref>https://twitter.com/evilriver/status/294212908542476289?uid=194141346&iid=am-69269833913590450358405052&nid=56+431</ref> *Label: Napalm | style="text-align:center;"|32 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|26 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|24 | style="text-align:center;"|— | style="text-align:center;"|45 | style="text-align:center;"|71 |- | colspan="11" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;"|"—" denotes a release that did nae chart. |} ;EPs {|class="wikitable" |- !Year !Album details |- |2008 |''[[Head on to Heartache]]'' *Released: 2008 *Label: Roadrunner |} ==Muisic videos== *"I Could Care Less" *"Nothings Wrong" *"Hold Back the Day" *"End of the Line" *"Not All Who Wander Are Lost" *"Clouds Over California" *"Pray for Villains" *"Fate Stepped In" *"Another Night in London" *"Dead to Rights" *"The Appetite" ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|DevilDriver}} * {{Official website|http://www.devildriver.com}} {{DevilDriver}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Devildriver}} [[Category:American melodic daith metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Hivy metal muisical groups frae Californie]] [[Category:American groove metal muisical groups]] [[Category:Muisical groups established in 2002]] [[Category:Roadrunner Records airtists]] [[Category:Muisical quintets]] [[Category:2002 establishments]] [[Category:Napalm Records airtists]] accqys75vlsqagnacjn7zxhtq58gyb6 0 60665 922997 907505 2026-09-22T22:26:15Z Carnby 7493 Update colors in Gasoline unit.svg legend 922997 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''gallon''' (abbreviation "'''gal'''") is a measur o [[liquid capacity]] in baith the [[Unitit States customary units|US customary units]] an the [[imperial units|Breetish imperial]] seestems o measurement. Three signeeficantly different sizes are in current uise: the ''imperial'' gallon (≈&nbsp;4.546&nbsp;[[litre|L]]) which is uised in the [[Unitit Kinrick]], an several [[Caribbean]] an [[Commonweel o Nations|Commonweel]] naitions, the Queen Anne or US gallon (≈&nbsp;3.7854&nbsp;L), uised in the US an the Caribbean kintras, an the least-uised ''Winchester'' or ''US dry'' [[Dry gallon|gallon]] (≈&nbsp;4.40&nbsp;L). [[File:Gasoline unit.svg|thumb|center|400px|[[Petroleum|Gasoline]] units in the warld: {{legend|#6baed6|[[Litre]]}} {{legend|#e41a1c|U.S. gallon}}{{legend|#ff8800|Imperial gallon}}{{legend|#d9d9d9|No data}}]] [[Category:Units o vollum]] [[Category:Imperial units]] [[Category:Customary units o measurement in the Unitit States]] 0uy3lrrqsdxpjfal2vczsghuy5akan7 0 61175 923051 916018 2026-09-23T05:34:20Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Charlotte's Web | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Charles August Nichols|Charles A. Nichols]] * [[Iwao Takamoto]] }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Joseph Barbera]] * [[William Hanna]] }} | story = [[Earl Hamner Jr.]] | based on = {{based on|''[[Charlotte's Web]]''|[[E. B. White]]}} | narrator = [[Rex Allen]] | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Debbie Reynolds]] * [[Paul Lynde]] * [[Henry Gibson]] }} | music = [[Irwin Kostal]] | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * Dick Blundell * Ralph Migliori * Roy Wade * Dennis Weaver }} | editing = {{Plainlist| * Larry C. Cowan * Pat Foley }} | studio = {{Plainlist| * [[Hanna-Barbera|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] * Sagittarius Productions }} | distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]] | released = {{Film date|1973|2|22|Premiere-New York Ceety|1973|3|1|Unitit States}} | runtime = 94 meenits | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | gross = $2.4 million <small>(rentals)</small><ref>"Big [[Gross rental|Rental]] Films of 1973", ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', Januar 9, 1974, pg 19.</ref> }} '''''Charlotte's Web''''' is a 1973 American [[animation|animatit]] [[muisical film|muisical]] [[drama film]] produced bi [[Hanna-Barbera]] Productions an Sagittarius Productions an based upon the 1952 [[bairns' literatur|bairns' beuk]] [[Charlotte's Web|o the same name]] bi [[E. B. White]]. The film, lik the book, is aboot a pig named Wilbur that befriends an intelligent speeder named Charlotte that saufs him frae bein slaughtered. Released tae theaters bi [[Paramount Pictures]], ''Charlotte's Web'' featurs a sang score o muisic an lyrics written bi the [[Sherman Brothers]], that haed previously written muisic for faimily films lik ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' (1964), ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1967), an ''[[Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]]'' (1968). It is the first o anly three Hanna-Barbera featurs nae tae be based upon ane o thair famous telly cartoons, ''[[Heidi's Song]]'' (1982) an ''[[Once Upon a Forest]]'' (1993) bein the ither twa. ''Charlotte's Web'' wis released on Februar&nbsp;22, 1973, tae moderate critical an commercial success. The film haes developed a devoted follaein ower the follaein years due tae telly an [[VHS]]; in 1994 it surprised the marketplace bi becomin ane o the best-selling titles o the year, 21&nbsp;years efter its first premiere. No ither non-Disney muisical animatit film haes enjoyed sic a comeback in popularity, prompting a [[direct-tae-video]] [[sequel]], ''[[Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure]]'', which Paramount released in the US on Mairch&nbsp;18, 2003 (Universal released it internationally), followed bi a [[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|live-action film version]] o the oreeginal story, which wis released on December&nbsp;15, 2006. ==Plot== When farmer John Arable decides tae "do away wi" the runt o a litter o piglets, his dochter, Fern, intervenes, telling him that it is absurd tae kill the piglet juist acause he is smawer than the ithers. John decides tae spare the piglet an let Fern raise him as a pet. She nurtures him lovingly, naming him Wilbur. Sax weeks later, Wilbur, due tae bein a spring pig, haes matured, an John tells Fern that Wilbur haes tae be sauld (his siblings war already sauld). Fern sadly says good-bye tae Wilbur as he is sauld doun the street tae her uncle, Homer Zuckerman. At Homer's farm, a goose coaxes a sullen Wilbur tae speak his first words. Awtho delighted at this new ability, Wilbur still yearns for companionship. He attempts tae get the goose tae play wi him, but she declines on the condeetion that she haes tae hatch her goslings. Wilbur an aw tries asking a rat named Templeton tae play wi him, but Templeton's anly interests are spying, hiding, an eatin. Wilbur then wants tae play wi a lamb, but the lamb's faither that sheep dae nae play wi pigs acause it is anly a matter o time afore thay are slaughtered an turned intae smoked bacon an ham. Scunnert at this depressing discovery, Wilbur reduces himsel tae tears until a mysterious vyce tells him tae "chin up", an wait until morning tae reveal hersel tae him. The follaein morning, she reveals hersel tae be a speeder named Charlotte A. Cavatica, livin on a web overlooking Wilbur's pig pen. She tells him that she will come up wi a plan guaranteed tae spare his life. Later, the goose's goslings hatch. Ane o them, named Jeffrey, befriends Wilbur. Eventually, Charlotte reveals her plan tae "play a trick on Zuckerman", an consoles Wilbur tae sleep. The next morning, Homer's farm assistant, Lurvy, sees the words, SOME PIG, spun within Charlotte's web. The incident attracts publicity amang Homer's neighbors wha deem the praise tae be a [[miracle]]. The publicity eventually dies doun, an Charlotte requests the barn ainimals tae devise a new wird tae spin within her web. Efter several suggestions, the goose suggests the phrase, TERRIFIC! TERRIFIC! TERRIFIC!, tho Charlotte decides tae shorten it tae ane TERRIFIC. The incident becomes anither media sensation, tho Homer still desires tae slaughter Wilbur. For the next message, Charlotte then employs Templeton tae pull a wird frae a magazine clipping at the dump for inspiration, in which he returns the wird, RADIANT, ripped frae a soap box tae spin within her web. Follaein this, Homer decides tae enter Wilbur in the coonty fair for the simmer. Charlotte reluctantly decides tae accompany him, tho Templeton at first haes no interest in daein sae until the goose tells him aboot aw the fuid thare. Efter ane nicht thare, Charlotte sends Templeton tae the trash pile on anither errand tae gather anither wird for her next message, in which he returns wi the wird, HUMBLE. The next morning, Wilbur awakens tae find Charlotte haes spun an egg sac containing her unborn affspring, an the follaein afternoon, the wird, HUMBLE, is spun. Houiver, Fern's brither, Avery, discovers anither pig named Uncle haes won first place, tho the coonty fair staff decides tae haud a celebration in honour of Homer's miraculous pig, an rewards him [[Dollar sign|$]]25 an a gowd medal. He then announces that he will allou Wilbur tae "live to a ripe old age". Exhausted frae laying eggs an writin words, Charlotte tells Wilbur she will remain at the fair tae die. Not willin tae let her bairns be abandoned, Wilbur haes Templeton retrieve Charlotte's egg sac tae tak back tae the farm, juist afore she dies. Once he returns tae Homer's farm, he guards the egg sac until the winter. The next spring, Charlotte's 514 bairns are hatched, but leave the farm, causin Wilbur tae become saddened tae the pynt o wantin to run away. Juist as he is aboot tae dae sae, the ram pynts oot that three o them didnae flee away. Pleased at findin new friends, Wilbur names them Joy, Nellie, an Aranea, but as much as he loves them, thay will never replace the memory o Charlotte. ==Voice cast== * [[Henry Gibson]] as Wilbur, a pig that wis awmaist killed due tae bein a runt. Ower time, houiver, he grows sae much that ane wad never hae kent that he wis ance a runt. When Wilbur learns o his fate o bein slaughtered, he instantly breaks doun intae tears, until Charlotte tells him that she will dae whatever it takes tae save him. Wilbur is a friendly pig, but an aw prone tae [[anxeeity]]. * [[Debbie Reynolds]] as Charlotte A. Cavatica, a speeder that bides in a corner o Homer's barn abuin Wilbur's pig pen. She is very luvin an mitherly, but whiles grows frustrated at Wilbur's anxeeity issues. At the end o the film, she dies efter laying 514 eggs, but three o them decide tae stay wi Wilbur. * [[Paul Lynde]] as Templeton, a care-free, egotistical rat that lives at Homer's farm. He helps Charlotte get new ideas for her webs on the condeetion that he is promised fuid. At the end o the film, as well as [[Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure|the sequel]], he haes fower bratty bairns o his ain: Henrietta, Lester, Ralphie, an Junior. * [[Agnes Moorehead]] as the Goose, an unnamed goose that is the ane that encourages Wilbur tae speak for the first time. Her seiven goslings later hatch, awtho thare war actually aicht eggs (ane wis [[rotten egg|rotten]]). In the sequel, she wis named Gwen. * [[Don Messick]] as Jeffrey, a young, undersized gosling that Wilbur befriends shortly efter his birth. He initially lifes, eats, an sleeps wi Wilbur rather than his mither an siblings. At ane pynt, Avery remarks that he sounds mair lik a pig than a gosling, which pleases Jeffrey. When Wilbur is loaded intae a crate destined for the fair, Jeffrey casually walks in tae jyne him, amusin the humans but thay still remove an restrain him nevertheless. The Swedish version shows a [[deleted scene]] in which Jeffrey is briefly seen ridin in the back o the Arables' truck wi Avery until it stops sae Avery can put him doun in the middle o the road. Distressed at bein separated frae Wilbur, Jeffrey tries tae catch up wi the truck tae no avail, leavin him heartbroken. His mither gently directs him tae the pond tae jyne his siblings. Jeffrey daes nae reunite wi Wilbur when the latter returns frae the fair nor daes he appear in the rest o the film. * [[Herb Vigran]] as Lurvy, Homer's assistant that is the first tae notice the messages in Charlotte's webs. * [[Pamelyn Ferdin]] as Fern Arable, the dochter o John that convinces him tae spare Wilbur's life. * [[Martha Scott]] as Mrs. Arable, Fern's mither that first tells her o what wis going tae happen tae Wilbur. * [[Bob Holt (actor)|Bob Holt]] as Homer Zuckerman, Mrs. Arable's brither an Fern's uncle. * [[John Stephenson (actor)|John Stephenson]] as John Arable, Fern's faither. He wis aboot tae "do away" wi Wilbur until she intervened. * [[Danny Bonaduce]] as Avery Arable, Fern's aulder brither. * William B. White as Henry Fussy, a boy o aboot Fern's age, that she suin starts spendin time wi while Wilbur is at the fair. * [[Dave Madden]] as the Ram, ane o the first ainimals Wilbur meets at Homer's farm. He is the first tae tell Wilbur that it is a pig's fate tae be slaughtered an turned intae smoked bacon an ham. Madden an aa voiced ither chairacters in the film. * [[Joan Gerber]] as Edith Zuckerman, Homer's wife. She comes up wi the idea o giein Wilbur a [[buttermilk]] bath. Gerber forby vyced Mrs. Fussy, Henry's stern mither that never lets him hae fun. * [[Rex Allen]] as the Narrator Five members o the cast (Henry Gibson, Paul Lynde, Agnes Moorehead, Danny Bonaduce, an Dave Madden) haed previously appeared on the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC televeesion]] [[Sitcom|situation comedy]] ''[[Bewitched]]'' (1964-1972).<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057733/fullcredits#cast</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2015}} Hanna-Barbera an aa animatit the openin credits o the show. Houiver, Bonaduce an Madden are better kent for thair roles on anither ABC-TV sitcom, ''[[The Partridge Family]]'' (1970–1974), which wis still in production when the film wis made. An aa, Ferdin an Lynde baith appeared on ''[[The Paul Lynde Show]]'', anither ABC sitcom creatit to fill the contract of Bewitched<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068118/</ref> Bonaduce, Lynde, Gerber, Messick, an Stephenson haed previously worked for Hanna-Barbera in thair telly shows: Lynde appeared in ''[[The Perils of Penelope Pitstop]]'' (uncredited), Bonaduce an Gerber war stars in ''[[Partridge Family 2200 A.D.]]'', an Stephenson an Messick war Hanna-Barbera reglars that lent thair vyces to mony of thair shaws on the reglar. ==Production== {{Expand section|date=August 2015}} Efter the studio decidit tae mak the film, [[Joe Barbera]] visited E. B. White in Maine. White hielichtit pairts o the book he did nae want tae chynge, an pairts "subject to discussion."<ref name=Barbera1/> Barbera wrote that Debbie Reynolds cried him an said that she wis willin to jyne the project even wioot bein peyed.<ref name=Barbera1>{{cite book|title=My Life in 'toons: From Flatbrush to Bedrock in Under a Century|url=https://archive.org/details/mylifeintoonsfro00barb|first=Joseph|last=Barbera|year=1994|publisher=Turner Publishing|location=Atlanta, GA|isbn=1-57036-042-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mylifeintoonsfro00barb/page/228 228]–29}}</ref> White discussed the makin o the film wi [[Gene Deitch]], a director of animation an friend of his.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/genedeitch/chapter-twentynine-the-charlotte-papers|title=How to Succeed in Animation: Chapter 29: The Charlotte Papers|author=Gene Deitch|publisher=Animation World Network|date=2001|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref> Czech painter [[Mirko Hanák]] produced unused artwork o the film afore dying of [[leukemia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/genedeitch/chapter-thirty-charlottes-web-graphics|title=How to Succeed in Animation: Chapter 30: Charlotte’s Web Graphics|author=Gene Deitch|publisher=Animation World Network|date=2001|accessdate=August 5, 2015}}</ref> ==Release== {{Multiple issues|section=yes| {{Unreferenced section|date=February 2012}} {{Expand section|date=February 2012}} }} The film wis released tae theaters on Mairch&nbsp;1, 1973, bi [[Paramount Pictures]] in the United States. It haed a leemitit release on Februar&nbsp;22, 1973, in [[New York City]], an an aa released in [[West Germany]] on Mairch&nbsp;30, 1973, as well as August 11 in [[Swaden]], August&nbsp;25 in [[Japan]], an September&nbsp;4, 1981, in [[Australia]]. ===Home media=== The film wis first released on VHS in 1979, followed bi three mair releases in 1988, 1993, an 1996. It made its DVD debut in 2001. A seicont DVD release o the film wis released in 2006. ==Reception== ''Charlotte's Web'' received generally positive reviews. Review aggregation site [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reportit that it haes a 75% approval rating based on 20 reviews, wi an average score of 6.6/10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1003952-charlottes_web/|title=Charlotte's Web (1973) - Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=''[[Flixster]]''|accessdate=February 4, 2012}}</ref> Craig Butler of Aw-Movie Guide criticized the animation an the muisical score, but cried it a faithful adaptation, notin that "no attempt has been made to soften the existential sadness at the story's core".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/charlottes-web-v9012/review|title=Charlotte’s Web: Review|accessdate=January 28, 2009|first=Craig|last=Butler|work=All-Movie Guide|publisher=Macrovision Corporation}}</ref> Dan Jardine criticized the sangs an the "Saturday morning cartoon quality" o the animation, but an aa says that Hamner "retains just enough of White’s elegant prose in the dialogue and narration to keep the film from being simply a painfully well-intended experiment."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://apolloguide.com/mov_fullrev.asp?CID=3484|title=Charlotte's Web|first=Dan|last=Jardine|work=Apollo Guide|publisher=Apollo Communications Ltd.|accessdate=January 28, 2009|archive-date=2008-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206043311/http://www.apolloguide.com/mov_fullrev.asp?CID=3484|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Christopher Null]] of Filmcritic.com stated that the animation is whiles "downright bad", but that White's classic fable needs little to mak it come to life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/Charlottes-Web-(1973)|title=Charlotte's Web (1973)|accessdate=January 28, 2009|first=Christopher|last=Null|year=2001|publisher=Filmcritic.com|archive-date=2009-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212210353/http://www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/Charlottes-Web-(1973)|url-status=dead}}</ref> When it wis reissued on DVD it wis awairdit an Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Gowd Awaird.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyportfolio.com/Awards_Results.php?pageNum_Product=1&ProductType=Videos&Age=Early%20School%20Years&Category=Feature-Length%20Films|title=Early School Years: Feature-Length Films|publisher=Oppenheim Toy Portfolio|accessdate=April 22, 2009|archive-date=2011-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026035313/http://toyportfolio.com/Awards_Results.php?pageNum_Product=1&ProductType=Videos&Age=Early%20School%20Years&Category=Feature-Length%20Films|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film is recognised bi [[American Film Institute]] in thir lists: * 2008: [[AFI's 10 Top 10]]: ** Nominated Animation Film<ref>{{cite web|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |title=AFI's 10 Top 10 Nominees |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2016-08-19 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071937/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/10top10.pdf?docID=381&AddInterest=1781 |archivedate=2011-07-16 |df= }}</ref> ===E.B. White's reaction=== Accordin to Gene Deitch, White wrote the follaein words in a 1977 letter, "We have never ceased to regret that your version of 'Charlotte's Web' never got made. The Hanna-Barbera version has never pleased either of us&nbsp;... a travesty&nbsp;..."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/genedeitch/chapter-twentyeight-a-tangled-web|title=How to Succeed in Animation: Chapter 28: A Tangled Web|author=Gene Deitch|publisher=Animation World Network|date=2001|accessdate=September 27, 2008}}</ref> E. B. White an aa wrote o the film, "The story is interrupted every few minutes so that somebody can sing a jolly song. I don't care much for jolly songs. The Blue Hill Fair, which I tried to report faithfully in the book, has become a Disney World, with 76&nbsp;trombones. But that's what you get for getting embroiled in Hollywood."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2006/12/10/bard_of_the_barn/|title=Bard of the barn|first=Ty|last=Burr|work=The Boston Globe|date=December 10, 2006|accessdate=September 27, 2008|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063019/http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2006/12/10/bard_of_the_barn/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He haed previously turned doun Disney when thay offered to mak a film based on his book.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kiddie Lit: The Cultural Construction of Children's Literature in America|url=https://archive.org/details/kiddielitcultura0000clar|first=Beverly Lyon|last=Clark|year=2003|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=0-8018-8170-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/kiddielitcultura0000clar/page/178 178]}}</ref> Accordin to its writer, Earl Hamner Jr., White&nbsp;— that whiles offert advice an suggestions tae the filmmakers&nbsp;— wad hae preferred Mozart in it, rather than the muisic o the Sherman Brothers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/features/?id=2222&pagenum=3&p=.htm|title=Interview: Earl Hamner|first=Scott|last=Holleran|publisher=Box Office Mojo|date=December 22, 2006|accessdate=December 16, 2008}}</ref> ==Sequel== {{Main article|Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure}} A direct-to-video sequel titled ''Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure'' wis released in 2003. The sequel centers on Wilbur's relationship wi a lonely lamb named Cardigan an an aa shows Charlotte's childer as adolescents. Reviews for the sequel war generally unfavorable, wi critics panning its animation an plot. ==Soundtrack== # "There Must Be Something More" # "I Can Talk!" # "Chin Up!" # "We've Got Lots in Common" # "Deep in the Dark/Charlotte's Web" # "Mother Earth and Father Time" # "A Veritable Smorgasbord" # "Zuckerman's Famous Pig" ==="Zuckerman's Famous Pig"=== "Zuckerman's Famous Pig" is the title that saves Wilbur, the pig hero, frae bein slaughtered in the story. It is the theme o the finale song in the film. It wis componed an arranged in a [[barbershop quartet]] style bi the [[Sherman Brothers]], in keepin wi the time an place o the story.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=CctHAAAAMAAJ|title=Movie Musicals on Record|author=Richard Chigley Lynch|isbn=978-0-313-26540-2|date=June 26, 1989}}</ref> It wis covered bi the [[Brady Kids]] an wis chosen for release on thair first single taken frae ''The Brady Bunch Phonographic Album'' bi producer Jackie Mills.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bubblegum Music is the Naked Truth|author1=Kim Cooper|author2=David Smay|author3=Jake Austen|isbn=978-0-922915-69-9|url=https://books.google.com/?id=X4Y5NIyCikIC|date=June 1, 2001}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Portal|Film in the United States|1970s|Cartoon}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{IMDb title|0070016|Charlotte's Web}} * {{tcmdb title|18471|Charlotte's Web}} * {{AllRovi movie|9012|Charlotte's Web}} * {{Bcdb title|20515|Charlotte's Web}} * {{Rotten-tomatoes|1003952-charlottes_web|Charlotte's Web}} * {{YouTube|gN7U0OQMA0k|Charlotte's Web (1973) - deleted scene (Swedish version)}} [[Category:1973 animatit films]] [[Category:1973 films]] [[Category:1970s American animatit films]] [[Category:1970s drama films]] [[Category:1970s fantasie films]] [[Category:1970s muisical films]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' fantasie films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:Animatit duos]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot ainimals]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot freendship]] [[Category:Animatit films based on novelles]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:Films aboot pigs]] [[Category:Films aboot speeders]] [[Category:Films based on American novelles]] [[Category:Films based on bairns' beuks]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Hanna-Barbera animatit films]] [[Category:Muisicals bi the Sherman Brothers]] [[Category:Paramount Pictures animatit films]] 3j6ytn3mpa3wwhg289g9tphs419ocpk 0 64361 923064 881711 2026-09-23T07:22:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sir David Lean, [[Commander o the Order o the Breetish Empire|CBE]] | image = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|3|25|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Croydon]], Lunnon, UK | death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|04|16|1908|03|25|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Limehouse]], Lunnon | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|film producer|screenwriter|film editor}} | key genre(s) = [[Epic]], [[costume drama]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Roland|first=Bergan|title=Film|year=2006|publisher=Doring Kindersley|location=80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL|isbn=978-1-4053-1280-6|page=321}}</ref> | nationality = Breetish | years_active = 1942–91 | spouse = Isabel Lean (1930–36) (divorce) 1 child, [[Kay Walsh]] (1940–49) (divorce), [[Ann Todd]] (1949–57) (divorce), Leila Matkar (1960–78) (divorce), Sandra Hotz (1981–84) (divorce),Sandra Cooke (1990–91) (his daith) | children = Peter Lean }} '''Sir David Lean''', [[Commander o the Order o the Breetish Empire|CBE]] (25 Mairch 1908{{spaced ndash}}16 Aprile 1991) wis an Inglis film director, producer, screenwriter an editor, best remembered for big-screen [[epic film|epics]] ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'' (1957), ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' (1962), an ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' (1965); for aiblins the maist heichly regardit o aw the adaptations o [[Charles Dickens|Dickens]]' novels wi ''[[Great Expectations (1946 film)|Great Expectations]]'' (1946) a ''[[Oliver Twist (1948 film)|Oliver Twist]]'' (1948); an for the renowned [[romance film|romantic drama]] ''[[Brief Encounter]]'' (1945). Acclaimed bi directors includin [[Steven Spielberg]]<ref>[http://www.theraider.net/information/influences/lawrence_of_arabia.php Indiana Jones' Influences: Inspirations]. TheRaider.net. Retrieved on 2011-05-29.</ref> an [[Stanley Kubrick]],<ref>[http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/faq/index3.html#slot26 The Kubrick Site FAQ]. Visual-memory.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-05-29.</ref> Lean wis votit 9t greatest film director o aw time in the [[Breetish Film Institute]] ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' "Directors' Top Directors" poll 2002.<ref>[http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/polls/topten/poll/directors-directors.html The directors’ top ten directors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929091705/http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/polls/topten/poll/directors-directors.html |date=2018-09-29 }}. Bfi.org.uk (5 September 2006). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.</ref> Nominatit seiven times for the [[Academy Awaird for Best Director]], for which he wan twice for ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'', an ''Lawrence of Arabia''. Lean haes three films in the tap five o the [[Breetish Film Institute]]'s [[BFI Tap 100 Breetish films|Tap 100 Breetish Films]].<ref>[http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/1-10.html The BFI 100: 1–10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000229145115/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/1-10.html |date=2000-02-29 }}. Bfi.org.uk (6 September 2006). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.</ref><ref>[http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/11-20.html The BFI 100: 11–20] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603080611/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/11-20.html |date=2004-06-03 }}. Bfi.org.uk (6 September 2006). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lean, David}} [[Category:1908 births]] [[Category:1991 daiths]] [[Category:BAFTA fellaes]] [[Category:Best Directin Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Director Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Breetish film directors]] [[Category:Breetish film editors]] [[Category:Breetish film producers]] [[Category:Breetish Quakers]] [[Category:Buirials at Putney Vale Seemetry]] [[Category:Daiths frae cancer in Ingland]] [[Category:Commanders o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:David di Donatello winners]] [[Category:Daiths frae esophageal cancer]] [[Category:Knichts Bachelor]] [[Category:Fowk frae Croydon]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Leighton Pairk Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Tower Hamlets (Lunnon borough)]] 8elsyqhx7u6e50lhkmg49lxogfm8gvw 0 65562 923063 921477 2026-09-23T07:21:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = David Guetta | image = 2023-11-16 Gala de los Latin Grammy, 22 (David Guetta).jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = David Guetta in 2023 | background = non_vocal_instrumentalist | Alias = Jack Back | birth_name = Pierre David Guetta<ref name=Pierre/> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|11|7}} | birth_place = [[Paris]], Fraunce | genre = {{hlist|[[Electro house]]|[[House muisic|house]]|[[progressive house]]|[[dance-pop]]|[[French touch]]|[[pop muisic|pop]]|[[hip house]]|Big room house}} | occupation = {{hlist|[[Disc jockey]]|[[muisic producer]]|[[sangwriter|sangwriter]]|[[remixer]]}} | years_active = 1994&ndash;present | label = {{hlist|[[EMI|EMI Music France]]|[[Parlophone]]|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]|[[Positiva Records|Positiva]]|[[Astralwerks]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|Gum Productions|Fuck Me I'm Famous Records|Jack Back Records}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Nicky Romero]]|[[Chris Willis]]|[[Kelly Rowland]]|[[Estelle (muisicker)|Estelle]]|[[Tara McDonald]]|[[Akon]]|[[Afrojack]]|[[JD Davis]]|[[Sia Furler|Sia]]|[[The Black Eyed Peas]]|[[Dwele]]|[[Taped Rai]]|[[Rihanna]]|[[Timbaland]]|[[Snoop Dogg]]|[[Nicki Minaj]]|[[Flo Rida]]|[[Dev (sangster)|Dev]]|[[Ne-Yo]]|[[Makeba Riddick|Makeba]]|[[Pink (sangster)|P!nk]]|[[Chris Brown]]|[[Lil Wayne]]|[[LMFAO]]|[[Usher (sangster)|Usher]]|[[Will.i.am]]|[[Taio Cruz]]|[[Nervo (duo)|Nervo]]|[[Lady Gaga]]|[[Ludacris]]|[[Novel (muisicker)|Novel]]|[[Ke$ha]]|[[David Bowie]]|[[Dizzee Rascal]]|[[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]]|[[Kelis]]|[[Jennifer Hudson]]|[[Lil Jon]]|[[Tiësto]]|[[Calvin Harris]]|[[Katy Perry]]|[[Alesso]]|[[Kid Cudi]]|[[Madonna (enterteener)|Madonna]]|[[Fergie (sangster)|Fergie]]|[[Avicii]]|[[Armand Van Helden]]|[[Tegan and Sara]]|[[Chuckie (DJ)|Chuckie]]|[[Big Sean]]|[[Wiz Khalifa]]|[[Jessie J]]|[[Jay-Z]]|[[50 Cent]]|[[Diplo]]|[[Emeli Sandé]]|[[Mikky Ekko]]|[[JLS]]|[[Tinie Tempah]]|[[Ty Dolla $ign]]|[[B.o.B]]|[[Britney Spears]]|[[2 Chainz]]|[[T-Pain]]|[[Chris Martin]]|[[T.I.]]|[[Juicy J]]|[[Tyga]]}} | website = {{url|www.davidguetta.com}} }} '''Pierre David Guetta''' ({{IPA-fr|pjɛʁ david ɡeta}}; born 7 November 1967 in [[Paris]]), commonly kent as '''David Guetta''', is a [[French fowk|French]] [[French house|house muisic]] producer an [[disc jockey]] (DJ).<ref name=Pierre>{{cite web|title=ACE Title Search - Works written by: GUETTA PIERRE DAVID|url=http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=1657984&search_in=c&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=25&start=1|publisher=[[ASCAP]]|accessdate=12 August 2011|archive-date=2011-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012021019/http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=1657984&search_in=c&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=25&start=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oreeginally a DJ at [[nichtclub]]s durin the 1980s an 1990s, he co-foondit Gum Productions an released his first album, ''Just a Little More Love'', in 2002. Later, he released ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004) an ''Pop Life'' (2007). Guetta achievit mainstream success wi his 2009 album ''One Love'' which includit the hit singles "When Love Takes Over", "Gettin' Over You", "[[Sexy Bitch]]", aw three o which reached #1 in the UK, an "Memories". The 2011 follaeup album, ''[[Nothing but the Beat]]'', continued this success, conteenin the hit singles "[[Where Them Girls At]]", "[[Little Bad Girl]]", "[[Without You (David Guetta song)|Without You]]", "Titanium" an "Turn Me On". David Guetta haes sauld ower sax million albums an 15 million singles warldwide.<ref>{{cite web|last=Otter|first=Charlotte|title=Music Week – Music Week – Music business magazine – F*** Me I'm Famous goes global|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1043012&c=1|publisher=[[Music Week]]|accessdate=23 October 2010|date=22 October 2010}}</ref> In 2011 Guetta wis voted as the #1 DJ in the '[[DJ Magazine|DJ Mag Tap 100 DJs]]' fan poll.<ref name="Loben">{{cite web|last=Loben|first=Carl|title=DJ Mag Top 100 DJs|url=http://www.djmag.com/top100/detail/2687/1|publisher=DJ Mag|accessdate=13 February 2012|archive-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510071151/http://djmag.com/top100/detail/2687/1|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Biografie== In the mid-1990s, Guetta played in clubs includin Le Centrale, the Rex, Le Boy, an Folies.<ref name="Ultra">{{cite web|url=http://www.ultramusic.com/artist/biography-david_guetta/david-guetta|title=David Guetta|publisher=Ultra Music|accessdate=29 December 2009|archive-date=2012-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201080840/http://www.ultramusic.com/artist/biography-david_guetta/david-guetta|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="MTV France">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.fr/musique/artistes/david-guetta|title=David Guetta: Bio complète|last=D'Alguerre|first=Benjamin|publisher=MTV France|language=French|accessdate=29 December 2009|archive-date=2014-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009141258/http://www.mtv.fr/musique/artistes/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Released in 1994<ref name="discogs">[http://www.discogs.com/artist/David+Guetta David Guetta Discography] discogs.com</ref> Guetta's seicont single, a collaboration with American hoose vocalist Robert Owens titled "Up & Away", wis a minor club hit.<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p572357|pure_url=yes}}|title=David Guetta: Biography|last=Jeffries|first=David|year=2008|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> In 1994, David Guetta became the manager o ''Le Palace'' nichtclub an he continued tae organise pairties thare an in ither clubs, sic as the "Scream" pairties in ''Les Bains Douches''.<ref name="wantickets">{{cite web|url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2Gf5bVpyFo |title=David Guetta Artist Profile|publisher=wantickets.com|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> ===2001–2006: ''Just a Little More Love'' an ''Guetta Blaster''=== In 2001, David Guetta alang wi [[Joachim Garraud]] foondit Gum Productions, an in the same year Guetta's first hit single, "Just A Little More Love", featurin American sangster [[Chris Willis]] wis released. Willis wis vacationin in Fraunce when he met Guetta.<ref name="allmusic"/> Guetta's debut album ''Just A Little More Love'' wis released in 2002 on Virgin Records an sold over 300,000 copies. The follae-up singles, ("Love Don't Let Me Go", "People Come People Go" an "Give Me Something"), wur released in 2002. Guetta released a compilation, ''Fuck Me I'm Famous'', in 2003, namit efter his pairty in Ibiza. It includit "Just for One Day (Heroes)", a remix o [[David Bowie]]'s song "Heroes".<ref name="allmusic"/> Later in his career, Guetta continued recordin compilations unner that title. Guetta's seicont album, ''Guetta Blaster'', wis released in 2004. It released fower singles: "Money" an "Stay" featurin Chris Willis an "The World Is Mine" an "In Love With Myself" featurin JD Davis. In 2006 the ''Just a Little More Love'' single "Love Don't Let Me Go" wis re-released as a mash-up wi the Tocadisco remix o "Walking Away" bi The Egg. The mash-up single entitled "Love Don't Let Me Go (Walking Away)" wis chairtit heicher than the oreeginal release o the sang. ===2007–09: ''Pop Life''=== In 2007, Guetta's third album ''Pop Life'' wis released. The album wis successfu in the UK an Ireland as well as in mainland Europe. Accordin tae EMI in 2010, the album haes sauld a tot o 530,000 copies warldwide. The lead single "Love Is Gone" reached Nummer 1 on the American Dance Chart an chairtit on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. "Delirious" featurt the vocals o [[Tara McDonald]] who co wrote the record an aw. The sang wis released as the album's fowert single on 31 Januar 2008. The sang chairtit #27 Austrian singles chairt, #17 Belgian (Flanders) chairt, #2 Belgian (Wallonie) singles chairt. #12 Dutch singles chairt, #16 French singles chart, #16 Swiss singles chairt, #36 Hungary singles chairt, #29 Romanie singles chairt, #51 Swadish singles chairt. The remixes o the sang, includin mixes bi Fred Rister, Marc Mysterio, [[Laidback Luke]], an Arno Cost an Norman Doray wur released. A video clip for the sang wis filmit bi Denys Thibaut in Montreal, featurin David Guetta an [[Tara McDonald]], picturin an executive assistant throwin paint aw ower her boss's office. [[Tara McDonald]] wis the iver vocalist that David Guetta iver featurt in the video clip. Tara McDonald sang "You're Not Alone" frae this album an aw. He played in mony kintras aroond the warld tae promote the album. He played in Mauritius in Januar 2008, accompaniet bi French rapper [[JoeyStarr]]. In the same year, he an his wife [[Cathy Guetta|Cathy]] planned a new event which teuk place in the [[Stade de France]] on 5 Julie 2008 an aw. The event wis cried "UNIGHTED", he performit wi [[Tiësto]], [[Carl Cox]], Joachim Garraud an [[Martin Solveig]] in front o a croud o 40,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unightedbycathyguetta.com/ |title=UNIGHTED Energized by Burn Intense Energy and Cathy Guetta |publisher=Unightedbycathyguetta.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717162711/http://www.unightedbycathyguetta.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2009, he wis placit third in the "Top 100 DJs" poll bi ''[[DJ Magazine]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.djmag.com/top100 |title=DJ Mag – Top 100 DJs |publisher=Djmag.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011 |archive-date=2009-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102052757/http://djmag.com/top100/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> an wis electit "Best House DJ" bi DJ Awards in 2008. Syne Apryle 2009, Guetta haed his awn radio show on the internet radio station [[RauteMusik]] on Seturday fore-nicht. The show wis efterwards muivit intae [[Radio 538]], bein aired ivery Friday foreinicht efter ''[[Tiësto's Club Life]]''. Its name is ''[[DJ Mix]]''. Guetta performs a ane-hoor set o [[hoose muisic]], presentin mainly new talents inside. ===2009–2010: ''One Love'' an internaitional breakthrou=== David Guetta's fowert studio album, ''One Love'', wis released in August 2009. Its first single "[[When Love Takes Over]]", which featurt [[Kelly Rowland]], peakit at #1 on the UK Singles Chart and topped mony ither kintras warldwide. His seicont single frae the album, "[[Sexy Bitch]]" featurin [[Akon]], became his seicont #1 in the UK. "One Love" featurin [[Estelle (muisicker)|Estelle]], "[[Memories (David Guetta song)|Memories]]" featurin [[Kid Cudi]], "Revolver" featurin [[Madonna (enterteener)|Madonna]] an [[Lil Wayne]], and "[[Gettin' Over You]]" featurin [[Chris Willis]], [[Fergie (sangster)|Fergie]] an [[LMFAO]] follaeed. As o Mey 2011 the album haed sauld three million copies warldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=David Guetta confirms new single and album {{!}} EMI Music|url=http://www.emimusic.com/blog/2011/david-guetta-confirms-new-single-and-album/|publisher=[[EMI]]|accessdate=14 May 2011|date=5 May 2011|archive-date=2011-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605230106/http://www.emimusic.com/blog/2011/david-guetta-confirms-new-single-and-album/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Guetta's fowert studio album ''One Love'' wis nominatit as "Best Electronic/Dance Album" at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]].<ref name="grammy">{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/PDFs/GRAMMY_Awards/52nd_nominees.pdf|title= The 52nd Annual Grammy Awards Nominees List|work=[[Grammy Award]]|publisher=[[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]]|format=PDF|accessdate=28 December 2009}}</ref> His sang "[[When Love Takes Over]]" featurin American R&B sangster [[Kelly Rowland]] receivit twa nominations; Best Dance Recording an Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical, an wan the latter. Efter conflicts ower whether or no a album re-issue shoud go aheid, ''One More Love'' wis released on 29 November 2010. First single, titled "Who's That Chick?" featurin [[Rihanna]] wis released a few weeks prior.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rihanna-doritos-unveil-interactive-musical-experience-for-fans-worldwide-features-debut-of-new-single-whos-that-chick-105242638.html |title=Rihanna, Doritos Unveil Interactive Musical Experience for Fans Worldwide; Features Debut of New... – PLANO, Texas, 19 Oct. /PRNewswire/ |location=Texas |publisher=Prnewswire.com |date= |accessdate=3 August 2011}}</ref> On 16 Juin 2009, [[The Black Eyed Peas]] released the David Guetta-producit "[[I Gotta Feeling]]" as thair seicont single frae thair fift studio album, ''[[The E.N.D.]]''. It became a warldwide hit toppin the chairts in seiventeen kintras. It became the maist dounloadit sang o aw-time in the Unitit States wi amaist 7.5 million dounloads an in the Unitit Kinrick sellin mair nor 1 million copies.<ref>{{cite web|last=Whitworth|first=Dan|title=Black Eyed Peas set downloads record|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/10340829|date=21 June 2010|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=14 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mason|first=Kerri|title=David Guetta: Inside His Latest Hit Parade, 'Nothin But the Beat'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/467932/david-guetta-inside-his-latest-hit-parade-nothing-but-the-beat|date=15 August 2010|publisher=[[Billboard.com]]|accessdate=15 August 2011}}</ref> He wis nominatit twice for his wirk wi [[The Black Eyed Peas]] at the [[52nd Grammy Awards]]; in the category Record o the Year for "I Gotta Feeling" an Album o the Year for thair album ''[[The E.N.D.]]''. In 2010, David Guetta co-wrote an producit [[Kelly Rowland]]'s "Commander" frae her third album ''Here I Am''. It peakit at nummer ane on [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]'s [[Hot Dance Club Songs]] chairt in the Unitit States, an reached tap ten poseetions in Belgium an the Unitit Kinrick. Guetta haes co-producit "Forever and a Day", which wis Kelly's next UK single frae that album.<ref>{{cite web|author=Posted By: Sam |url=http://thatgrapejuice.net/2010/08/exclusive-kelly-rowland-forever-day-uk-single/ |title=Exclusive: Kelly Rowland – ‘Forever And A Day’ (New UK Single) &#124; ..::That Grape Juice // ThatGrapeJuice.net::.. &#124;&#124; Thirsty? |publisher=Thatgrapejuice.net |date=18 August 2010 |accessdate=3 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDKOzkw3UXg&feature=player_embedded# |title=YouTube – Kelly Rowland &#124; Interview for Kelly's Official German site P2/2 &#124; June 2010 |publisher=Youtube.com |date=29 July 2010 |accessdate=3 August 2011}}</ref> Guetta producit the singles "Acapella" an "Scream" for American sangster-sangwriter [[Kelis]]'s fift studio album, ''[[Flesh Tone]]'' an aw, released on 14 Mey 2010. "Acapella" wis released as the lead single on 23 Februar 2010 an toppit the dance chairts in the Unitit Kinrick an Unitit States. On 28 Juin 2010 American rapper [[Flo Rida]] released the single "[[Club Can't Handle Me]]" featurin David Guetta. The sang is includit on the soundtrack album tae the American 3D dance film ''[[Step Up 3D]]''. ===2011–13: ''Nothing but the Beat'' & Jack Back Records=== Guetta's fift studio album, ''[[Nothing But The Beat]]'' wis released on 30 August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=David Guetta Bio, Music, News & Shows|url=http://djz.com/featured_djs/david-guetta/|publisher=DJZ.com|accessdate=March 7, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329162235/http://djz.com/featured_djs/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis released as a dooble-disc album; ane disc bein vocal an the ither bein electronic.<ref name=beat>{{cite web|title=David Guetta Announces New Album "Nothing But the Beat" {{!}} Astralwerks|url=http://www.astralwerks.com/news/david-guetta-announces-new-album-nothing-but-the-beat/|publisher=[[Astralwerks]]|accessdate=23 June 2011|date=22 June 2011|archive-date=2015-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930132259/http://www.astralwerks.com/news/david-guetta-announces-new-album-nothing-but-the-beat/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Guetta wis inspired bi rock baunds sic as [[Kings of Leon]] an [[Coldplay]] tae add rock influences tae his dance productions.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]] |url=http://www.dailystar.co.uk/playlist/view/150318/David-Guetta-inspired-by-Kings-Of-Leon |title=DAVID GUETTA INSPIRED BY KINGS OF LEON |date=23 August 2010}}</ref> "[[Where Them Girls At]]" featurin [[Flo Rida]] an [[Nicki Minaj]], the first single aff the album, wis released warldwide on 2 Mey 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471657/david-guetta-teams-with-flo-rida-nicki-minaj-for-where-them-girls-at|title=David Guetta Teams with Flo Rida and Nicki Minaj for 'Where Them Girls At{{'-}}|date=10 May 2011|first=Gary|last=Graff|work=Billboard|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|location=Detroit|accessdate=10 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/13282029|title=David Guetta employs 'investigator' over song theft|date=4 May 2011|first=Greg|last=Cochrane|work=[[Newsbeat]]|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=10 May 2011}}</ref> "[[Little Bad Girl]]", wi [[Taio Cruz]] an [[Ludacris]], wis released as the seicont single on 28 Juin 2011.<ref name=beat/><ref>{{cite web|last=Corner|first=Lewis|title=David Guetta confirms next single – Music News – Digital Spy|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a318692/david-guetta-confirms-next-single.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias|Hachette Filipacchi UK]]|accessdate=10 May 2011|date=10 May 2011|archive-date=2015-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042835/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a318692/david-guetta-confirms-next-single.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The third single, "Without You" wi [[Usher (enterteener)|Usher]], wis released on 27 September 2011. David haes released fower promotional singles for ''Nothing But the Beat'' which war "Titanium" wi [[Sia Furler|Sia]] an aw, "Lunar" wi [[Afrojack]], "Night of Your Life]" wi [[Jennifer Hudson]] an The Alphabeat (song). The album featurs the hit singles "Sweat" wi [[Snoop Dogg]] an "Turn Me On" wi Nicki Minaj an aw. An aw last year, Guetta teamit up wi Afrojack an [[Tara McDonald]] again tae release "Pandemonium" on his FMIF Ibiza Mix 2011 compilation throu EMI records. <ref>http://www.amazon.co.uk/Pandemonium-Feat-Tara-Mc-Donald/dp/B005UVN5D8</ref><ref>http://open.spotify.com/track/1HKgiW8xP9rD9a3H6xqIcj</ref> Guetta performit alangside [[Nicky Romero]] an Nervo at Lunnon's [[Alexandra Palace]] on 1 Juin 2012 an aw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/whats-on/david-guetta|title=David Guetta|publisher=Alexandra Palace|access-date=2014-01-08|archive-date=2012-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215152200/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/whats-on/david-guetta/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A re-release o ''Nothing but the Beat'', titled ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0'', wis released on 7 September 2012. The first single frae the album, "[[She Wolf (Falling to Pieces)]]", which saw Guetta collaborate wi Sia yet again, wis released in support o the album. The next single aff ''Nothing But The Beat 2.0'' haes been confirmed bi Guetta as "[[Just One Last Time]]" which features vocals frae Swadish duo [[Taped Rai]]. In 2012, Guetta made an album namit ''Nothing But The Beat: Ultimate'' an aw, which combined the twa albums ''Nothing But The Beat'' an ''Nothing But The Beat 2.0'' thegither. In Simmer 2012 David Guetta played in [[Finland]] in [[Weekend Festival]] an he wis the festival's heidliner for year 2013 an aw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wknd.fi/en/artistit |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2013-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518043743/http://wknd.fi/en/artistit |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third single frae ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0'' is "[[Play Hard]]" Nothing But the Beat<ref>{{cite web|title=A burn Production: David Guetta 'Nothing But The Beat' - Full movie|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zheOjxEoldc&list=PLwMumKvWdr5iv5PMtGEIKC3LNWwjztoi-|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=26 March 2013}}</ref> is a featur-lenth biographical documentar aboot David Guetta an his rise tae fame an aw, featurin mony o his collaborators, includin [[Kelly Rowland]], [[will.i.am]] an Snoop Dogg. It wis made in collaboration wi the energy drink, burn, wi whom Guetta became a buist ambassador frae 2011. Thegither wi burn, Guetta providit support an mentorin for the burn-sponsored "burn studios residency" program an aw<ref>{{cite web|title=burn studios residency 2012 - David Guetta Masterclass|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEfeh0bQ504|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=26 March 2013}}</ref> for up-an-comin DJs. He wrote, producit, an featurt on [[Rihanna]]'s seivent studio album, ''[[Unapologetic]]'', an acts as the support act for the European leg o her ongoin [[Diamonds World Tour]]. Guetta haes creatit a new record label kent as Jack Back Records (namit efter whom he haes collaboratit wi in the sang "Wild One Two"), whaur he intends tae focus anerly on electronic releases.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: David Guetta talks about his electronic label "Jack Back Records"|url=http://www.houseplanet.dj/index.php/Interviews/Interview-David-Guetta-talks-about-his-electronic-label-Jack-Back-Records.html|work=houseplanet.dj|accessdate=13 April 2012|archive-date=2013-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118112107/http://www.houseplanet.dj/index.php/Interviews/Interview-David-Guetta-talks-about-his-electronic-label-Jack-Back-Records.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first release o this new label is his collaboration wi Nicky Romero, "Metropolis", which is a track frae ''Nothing but the Beat 2.0''.<ref>{{cite web|title=David Guetta announces new electronic label|url=http://www.inthemix.com.au/news/52523/David_Guetta_announces_new_electronic_label|work=inthemix|publisher=Katie Cunningham|date=27 March 2012|access-date=2014-01-08|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042844/http://www.inthemix.com.au/news/52523/David_Guetta_announces_new_electronic_label|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aw releases can be foond on [[Beatport]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Back Records|url=http://www.beatport.com/label/jack-back-records/25854|work=Beatport}}</ref> Whilst on tour wi Rihanna, he debuted his new track at Twickenham Stadium on 15 Juin 2013. David Guetta statit "Twickenham, I hope you like this new track, it's brand new and you're the first people in the world to hear it." The single, cried "Ain't a Party", an it wis released on 8 Julie 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/aint-party-feat.-harrison/id666048282 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2013-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108010149/https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/aint-party-feat.-harrison/id666048282 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a collaboration atween GLOWINTHEDARK an Harrison. Guetta released the airtwirk for his new single on his Instagram profile on 19 Juin 2013. On 26 September 2013, Guetta unveiled the muisic video for new track "One Voice" featurin [[Independent muisic|indie]] sangster [[Mikky Ekko]]. It wis released on 4 November as pairt o the UN's humanitarian campaign cried The World Needs More.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a518678/david-guetta-mikky-ekko-reveal-one-voice-music-video-watch.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2015-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003204014/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a518678/david-guetta-mikky-ekko-reveal-one-voice-music-video-watch.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On Lady Gaga's new album ARTPOP, he wrote an producit the sang "Fashion!" He haed sangwritin an production contreibutions tae [[Britney Spears]]' aicht studio album ''[[Britney Jean]]'' an aw. ==Personal life== [[File:David et Cathy Guetta NRJ Music Awards 2012.jpg|thumb|Guetta an his wife Cathy in Januar 2012 at the [[NRJ Music Awards]] ceremony.]] His faither wis a restaurateur o [[Moroccan Jewish]] strynd,<ref name="lexpansion">{{cite news|last=Mas|first=Isabelle|url=http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/mon-moteur-c-est-la-musique-et-le-plaisir_18902.html|title=Mon moteur, c'est la musique et le plaisir|work=L'expansion.com|publisher=L'express.fr|date=1 April 2002|accessdate=29 December 2009|language=French|archive-date=2010-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206022057/http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/mon-moteur-c-est-la-musique-et-le-plaisir_18902.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> an his mither is o [[Belgians|Belgian]] strynd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clint.be/entertainment/muziek/tomorrowland-heeft-een-headliner-te-pakken-video|title=Tomorrowland heeft een headliner te pakken|date=21 February 2011|accessdate=22 September 2011|language=Dutch|trans_title=Tomorrowland has a headliner deal|quote=David Guetta, the French house, who accidentally has another important link with Belgium - his mother is Belgian|work=Clint.be|archive-date=2012-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330233709/http://www.clint.be/entertainment/muziek/tomorrowland-heeft-een-headliner-te-pakken-video|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://focus.knack.be/entertainment/muziek/muzieknieuws/david-guetta-ook-dit-jaar-op-tomorrowland/article-1194956520715.htm#|title=David Guetta ook dit jaar op Tomorrowland|date=22 February 2011|accessdate=22 September 2011|language=Dutch|trans_title=David Guetta this year also in Tomorrowland|work=[[Knack (magazine)|Knack]]|archive-date=2014-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411133952/http://focus.knack.be/entertainment/muziek/muzieknieuws/david-guetta-ook-dit-jaar-op-tomorrowland/article-1194956520715.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sterrennieuws.be/nieuws/sn6266-super-dj-david-guetta-gaf-exclusieve-show-op-legendz-in-luik/|title=Super DJ David Guetta gaf exclusieve show op Legendz in Luik|date=23 oktober 2010|accessdate=22 September 2011|author=Robrecht van Goolen|language=Dutch|trans_title=DJ David Guetta gave an exclusive show at Legendz Liege|quote=...de moeder van Guetta is afkomstig van Luik.|work=Sterrennieuws}}</ref> He is marriet tae socialite an nicht club manager [[Cathy Guetta]] syne 1992; thay celebratit thair 20t weddin anniversary in 2010<ref>{{cite news|title=When Love Takes Over: David Guetta renews wedding vows as he celebrates 20-year-marriage to wife Cathy|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2195113/David-Guetta-renews-vows-celebrates-20-year-marriage-wife-Cathy.html|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> an thay hae twa childer, Tim Elvis Eric (born 9 Februar 2004) an Angie Guetta (born 23 September 2007).<ref>{{cite news|title=Cathy et David Guetta à nouveau parents|url=http://fr.news.yahoo.com/ap/20070924/ten-celebrites-guetta-bebe-9b325ba_1.html|agency=Associated Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925085900/http://fr.news.yahoo.com/ap/20070924/ten-celebrites-guetta-bebe-9b325ba_1.html|date=24 September 2007|archivedate=2007-09-25|language=French|access-date=2014-01-08|url-status=live}}</ref> == Discografie == ;Studio albums * ''Just a Little More Love'' (2002) * ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004) * ''Pop Life'' (2007) * ''One Love'' (2009) * ''One More Love'' (2010) * ''Nothing but the Beat'' (2011) * ''Listen'' (2014) * ''7'' (2018) ==See an aw== *[[Leet o awairds an nominations receivit bi David Guetta]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{MySpace|davidguetta}} * {{Twitter|davidguetta}} * {{YouTube user|davidguetta}} * {{IMDb name|1615892}} * [http://shop.davidguetta.com David Guetta offeecial store] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326031000/http://shop.davidguetta.com/ |date=2012-03-26 }} * [http://www.ultrarecords.com/artists/david-guetta/ David Guetta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317100221/http://www.ultrarecords.com/artists/david-guetta/ |date=2012-03-17 }} information at [[Ultra Records]] * [http://www.dailymusicguide.com/Reviews/david-guetta-ft-kid-cudi-memories-single-review-03032010-0153.aspx Review of 'Memories' on the Daily Music Guide] * {{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p572357|pure_url=yes}}|title=David Guetta biography|publisher=Allmusic|author=David Jeffries|accessdate=22 September 2008}} * [http://www.pacha.com/html/news.php?act=view&id=280 David Guetta in PACHA NEWS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316065023/http://www.pacha.com/html/news.php?act=view&id=280 |date=2010-03-16 }} * [http://beastdrops.com/index.php?drop=43 David Guetta's Aint A Party on BeastDrops] * [{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=david guetta|chart=all}} David Guetta] at [[Billboard.com]] * [http://www.dailymusicguide.com/Reviews/david-guetta-fergie-black-eyed-peas-lmfao-17052010-1903.aspx Review of 'Gettin Over you' on the Daily Music Guide] {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Guetta, David}} [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:Astralwerks airtists]] [[Category:Club DJs]] [[Category:French house muisickers]] [[Category:French DJs]] [[Category:French fowk o Belgian strynd]] [[Category:French fowk o Moroccan-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Paris]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] [[Category:French record producers]] 1xn6oyyp5dmqkeilwlasirs3qqfjy54 0 65836 923038 921544 2026-09-23T03:45:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Beyoncé | image = Beyoncé at The Lion King European Premiere 2019.png | image_size = | caption = Beyoncé, 2019 | alias = Sasha Fierce,<!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Sasha Fierce is the name of Knowles' alter-ego. This name therefore is an alias per [[Template:Infobox Musical artist#Alias]].--> Third Ward Trill<!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Credited under this name on Jay-Z's album, "Magna Carta... Holy Grail", on the tracks "Tom Ford" and "BBC".--> | birth_name= Beyoncé Giselle Knowles | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1981|9|4}} | birth_place = [[Houston]], Texas, US | residence = New York Ceety, New York, US | occupation = {{flatlist| * Singer * actress }} | net_worth = {{increase}} US $350 million<ref>{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=Alice|title=The 10 women who made Beyonce|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopmusic/10091698/The-10-women-who-made-Beyonce.html|accessdate=September 25, 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=May 31, 2013}}</ref> | years_active = 1997–present | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Jay-Z]]|4 April 2008}} | children 3 | website = {{URL|http://beyonce.com|beyonce.com}} | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory field --> | instrument = Vocals | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[Pop muisic|pop]] * [[Soul muisic|soul]] }} | label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Destiny's Child]] * [[Jay-Z]] * [[Solange Knowles]] }} }} }} '''Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter''',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/12/23/beyonce_knowles_name_change/|title=Beyonce Knowles' name change|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=December 23, 2009|accessdate=March 8, 2013|archive-date=2012-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114025617/http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/12/23/beyonce_knowles_name_change/|url-status=dead}}</ref> simply kent as '''Beyoncé''', ({{IPA-en|biˈjɒnseɪ|}} {{respell|bee|YON|say}}; born 4 September 1981)<ref name="Born to be a Star">{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |last=Adams |first=Guy |title=Beyoncé: Born to be a star |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=February 6, 2010 |accessdate=January 9, 2011 |archive-date=2018-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617220026/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 6, 2013|year=2013|issue=1275|page=25}}</ref> is a American sangster an actress. A sel-described "modren-day [[Feminism|feminist]]",<ref>{{cite news|last=Cubarrubia|first=RJ|title=Beyonce Calls Herself a 'Modern-Day Feminist'|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beyonce-calls-herself-a-modern-day-feminist-20130403|publisher=''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]''|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}</ref> Knowles' sangs is aften characterised bi themes sic as luve, relationships an monogamy, as weel as female sexuality an empouerment. On stage, her dynamic, hiely-choreographed performances haes led tae creetics hailin her as ane o the best enterteeners in contemporar popular muisic. Oot-throu a career raxin 16 year, she haes wan 17 Grammy Awards an sauld ower 118&nbsp;million records as a solo airtist<ref>{{cite web|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|publisher=[[CBS]]|accessdate=August 4, 2013|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> an 60&nbsp;million wi Destiny's Child,<ref>{{cite news|title=Beyoncé and Destiny’s Child to Release Original Track for First Time in Eight Years|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/11/beyonce-and-destinys-child-to-release-original-track-for-first-time-in-eight-years/|publisher=''TIME''|accessdate=March 24, 2013|archive-date=2018-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101165110/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/11/beyonce-and-destinys-child-to-release-original-track-for-first-time-in-eight-years/|url-status=dead}}</ref> makkin her ane o the best-sellin muisic airtists o aw time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Trust|first=Gary|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/chartbeat/474549/ask-billboard-the-twitter-sized-edition|title=Ask Billboard: The Twitter-Sized Edition — Chart Beat|work=Billboard|accessdate=October 21, 2012}}</ref><ref name="hamlin">{{cite news|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|accessdate=January 10, 2013|publisher=[[CBS]]|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Recording Industry Association of America]] recognised Knowles as the Top Certified Artist in America durin the 2000s decade.<ref name="RIAADecade1">{{cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |title=Beyoncé Tops Decade's RIAA Sales |work=Billboard |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654L74M9o?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/news/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="RIAADecade2">{{cite web |author1=Lamy Johnathan |author2=Cara Duckworth |author3=Liz Kennedy |url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |title=RIAA Tallies the Decade's Top Gold and Platinum Award Winners |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654LDUPGr?url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, ''Billboard'' named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-04|title=From Grammys To Record Breaking, We Look Back At Beyoncé’s Best Achievements|url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/celebrity/news/beyonce-birthday-record-breaking-achievements/|access-date=2026-08-20|website=Grazia|language=en}}</ref> the Top Female Artist of the 2000s an their Artist of the Millennium in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/266420/artists-of-the-decade|title=Artist of the Decade|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=March 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Barshad|first=Amos|title=Beyoncé Crushes at the Billboard Music Awards|url=http://www.vulture.com/2011/05/beyonc_crushes_at_the_billboar.html|accessdate=July 25, 2013|newspaper=[[Vulture]]|date=May 23, 2013}}</ref> In 2013, she wis includit in ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'' magazine's list o the 100 maist influential fowk in the warld.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 2013 TIME 100|url=http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/|publisher=Time|accessdate=16 December 2013|archive-date=2015-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814190314/http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Filmografie== {{Main|Beyoncé Knowles videografie}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="text-align:center;" | Year !! | Film !! | Role |- | 2001 || ''[[Carmen: A Hip Hopera]]'' || {{sortname|Carmen|Brown|nolink=1}} |- | 2002 || ''[[Austin Powers in Goldmember]]'' || {{sortname|Foxxy|Cleopatra|nolink=1}} |- | 2003 || ''[[The Fighting Temptations]]'' || Lilly |- | 2006 || ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'' || Xania |- | 2006 || ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' || {{sortname|Deena|Jones|nolink=1}} |- | 2008 || ''[[Cadillac Records]]'' || {{sortname|Etta|James}} |- | 2009 || ''[[Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!: Wubb Idol]]'' || Shine* |- | 2009 || ''[[Obsessed (2009 film)|Obsessed]]'' || {{sortname|Sharon|Charles|nolink=1}} |- | 2013 || ''[[Life Is But a Dream]]'' || Hersel (biopic) |- | 2013 || ''[[Epic (film)|Epic]]'' || {{sortname|Queen|Tara|nolink=1}}* |} :<small>(*) designated a [[voice acting]] role</small> == Albums == * Dangerously in Love (2003) * B'Day (2006) * I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008) * 4 (2011) * Beyoncé (2013) * Lemonade (2016) * Renaissance (2022) ==Tours and residency shows== {{Main|List of Beyoncé Knowles performances}} ;Concert tours * [[Dangerously in Love Tour]] (2003) * [[Verizon Ladies First Tour]] (2004) * [[The Beyoncé Experience]] (2007) * [[I Am... World Tour]] (2009–2010) * [[The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour]] (2013–2014) ;Residency shows * [[I Am... Yours]] (2009) * [[4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé]] (2011) * [[Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live]] (2012) ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons}} * {{Official website|http://www.beyonce.com}} * {{Tumblr|beyonce|Beyoncé Knowles}} * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p349078|label=Beyoncé}} * {{Discogs artist|Beyoncé|Beyoncé}} * {{IMDb name|461498|Beyoncé}} * [http://www.allrovi.com/name/beyonc%C3%A9-knowles-mn0000055375 Beyoncé Knowles]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [[AllRovi]] * [http://soundcloud.com/beyoncemusic Beyoncé] at [[SoundCloud]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Beyonce}} [[Category:Beyoncé| ]] [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:20t-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae Houston]] [[Category:African-American businessweemen]] [[Category:African-American choreographers]] [[Category:African-American dancers]] [[Category:African-American fashion designers]] [[Category:African-American female sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:African-American film directors]] [[Category:African-American film producers]] [[Category:African-American Methodists]] [[Category:African-American record producers]] [[Category:American businessfowk in retailin]] [[Category:American cosmetics businessfowk]] [[Category:American fashion businessfowk]] [[Category:American female pop sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American hip hop record producers]] [[Category:American hip hop sangsters]] [[Category:American mezzo-sopranos]] [[Category:American muisic publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:American muisic video directors]] [[Category:American fowk o Acadie strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Creole strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Native American strynd]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American synthpop muisickers]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:Brit Award winners]] [[Category:Columbia Records airtists]] [[Category:Destiny's Child members]] [[Category:Female muisic video directors]] [[Category:Feminist muisickers]] [[Category:Film directors frae Texas]] [[Category:Gold Star Records airtists]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]] [[Category:Jay-Z]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Louisiana Creole fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Texas]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Houston, Texas]] [[Category:Muisic video codirectors]] [[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]] [[Category:Sony/ATV Music Publishing airtists]] [[Category:Sangwriters frae Texas]] [[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o the Unitit States]] [[Category:United Methodists]] [[Category:Weemen film directors]] [[Category:World Music Awards winners]] 0f3ipwz8lcung77xmtcb57535f4iouf 0 66018 923047 831595 2026-09-23T04:55:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox stadium | fullname = L'Estadi Camp Nou | image = [[File:Camp Nou aerial (cropped).jpg|300px]] | caption = '''[[UEFA stadium categories|UEFA Category 4 Stadium]]''' | former_names = Estadio del FC Barcelona (1957–2000) | location = [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]] | coordinates = {{coord|41.38087|2.122802}} | built = 1954–1957 | opened = 24 September 1957<ref name="info">{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/club_avui/informacio_corporativa/barca_enxifres/barca_enxifres.html |title=Information |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]] |accessdate=16 August 2010 |archive-date=2012-02-26 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65kaqGgwF?url=http://arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/club_avui/informacio_corporativa/barca_enxifres/barca_enxifres.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | renovated = 1995, 2008 | expanded = 1982 | closed = | owner = [[FC Barcelona]] | operator = [[FC Barcelona]] | surface = Grass | scoreboard = Yes | estimated_cost = 288 million[[Spanish peseta|₧]] or [[Euro|€]]1.73 million | suites = | architect = Silda VIP <br>Josep Soteras<br>Giulio | project_manager =Jonathan Ackroyd | structural engineer = | services engineer = | general_contractor = | main_contractors = | capacity = <small>93,053 (1957–1980)<br>121,749 (1980–1993)<br>115,000 (1993–1999)<br>98,772 (2005–2010)<br>99,354 (2010–2012) | Suites = 23 | dimensions = {{convert|106|x|70|m|yd|abbr=on}}<ref name="info"/> | acreage = | tenants = [[FC Barcelona]] (1957–''present'')<br />[[1992 Simmer Olympics]]<br />[[Catalonie naitional fitbaw team]]}} '''Camp Nou''' ({{IPA-ca|kamˈnɔw}}, ''New Field'', aften referred tae in Inglis as The '''Nou Camp'''<ref>http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/nou-camp-visit-isnt-to-admire-1393535</ref><ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/barcelona/9755433/Barcelona-coach-Tito-Vilanova-steps-down-from-Nou-Camp-role-following-relapse-of-tumour-on-saliva-glands.html</ref>) is a [[fitbaw]] stadium in [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonie]], [[Spain]], that haes been the hame o [[FC Barcelona|Futbol Club Barcelona]] syne 1957. The Camp Nou seats 99,786,<ref>[http://www.fcbarcelona.es/club/instalaciones-y-servicios/detalle/ficha/camp-nou-un-estadio-cinco-estrellas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010184533/http://www.fcbarcelona.es/club/instalaciones-y-servicios/detalle/ficha/camp-nou-un-estadio-cinco-estrellas |date=2012-10-10 }}. www.fcbarcelona.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-22.</ref> reduced tae 96,336 in matches organized bi [[UEFA]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/78/1676378_DOWNLOAD.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-12 |archive-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517102934/http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/78/1676378_DOWNLOAD.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> makin it the [[Leet o European stadiums bi capacity|lairgest stadium in Europe]] an the [[Leet o stadiums bi capacity|11t lairgest in the warld]] in terms o capacity. It haes hostit numerous internaitional matches at a senior level, includin twa [[UEFA Champions League]] finals an the [[Football at the 1992 Simmer Olympics|fitbaw competition]] at the [[1992 Simmer Olympics]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:FC Barcelona]] [[Category:Fitbaw venues in Catalonie]] [[Category:Sports venues in Barcelona]] [[Category:Sports venues completit in 1957]] [[Category:Les Corts (destrict)]] [[Category:1992 Simmer Olympic venues]] [[Category:Olympic fitbaw venues]] [[Category:1964 European Naitions' Cup stadiums]] [[Category:1982 FIFA Warld Cup stadiums]] [[Category:Fitbaw venues in Spain]] [[Category:Sports venues in Catalonie]] 1fyajdqhjkyu3yni4cdz09ylycm3zgu 0 66433 923076 916759 2026-09-23T08:55:27Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Bayern Munich | image = [[File:Logo FC Bayern München.svg|200px]] | current = 2016–17 FC Bayern Munich saison | fullname = Fußball-Club Bayern München e.&nbsp;V. | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1900|2|27}} | nickname = ''Der FCB'' (The FCB)<br>''Die Bayern'' (The Bavarians)<br>''Stern des Südens'' (Starn o the Sooth)<br>''Die Roten'' (The Reds)<ref>{{cite web|title=Never-say-die Reds overcome Ingolstadt at the death|url=https://fcbayern.com/en/news/matchreports/2017/02/match-report-bundesliga-fc-ingolstadt---fc-bayern-11.02.2017|publisher=FC Bayern Munich|accessdate=12 February 2017|archive-date=2017-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164904/https://fcbayern.com/en/news/matchreports/2017/02/match-report-bundesliga-fc-ingolstadt---fc-bayern-11.02.2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>''FC Hollywood''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/174/uefa-champions-league/2010/04/08/1869197/cl-comment-van-gaals-bayern-give-new-meaning-to-fc-hollywood |title=CL Comment: Van Gaal's Bayern Give New Meaning to "FC Hollywood" |publisher=goal.com |date=8 April 2010 |accessdate=28 September 2014 |first=Clark |last=Whitney}}</ref> | short name = Bayern | ground = [[Allianz Arena]] | capacity = 75,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbayern.de/de/news/news/2015/ab-sofort-75-000-fans-bei-bundesliga-heimspielen-genehmigung-130115.php |title=Ab sofort 75.000 Fans bei Bundesliga-Heimspielen |trans-title=As of now 75,000 for Bundesliga home matches |publisher=FC Bayern Munich |date=13 January 2015 |accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref> | owntitle = Preses | owner = [[Herbert Hainer]] | chairman = [[Jan-Christian Dreesen]] | manager = [[Thomas Tuchel]] | league = {{German football updater|BaMunich}} | season = 2025 | position = Champions | pattern_la1 = _bayern2526h | pattern_b1 = _bayern2526h | pattern_ra1 = _bayern2526h | pattern_sh1 = _bayern2526h | pattern_so1 = _bayern2526hl | leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FF0000 | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = FF0000 | socks1 = FF0000 | pattern_la2 = _bayern2526a | pattern_b2 = _bayern2526a | pattern_ra2 = _bayern2526a | pattern_sh2 = _bayern2526a | pattern_so2 = _bayern2526al | leftarm2 = | body2 = | rightarm2 = | shorts2 = | socks2 = | pattern_la3 = _bayern2526t | pattern_b3 = _bayern2526t | pattern_ra3 = _bayern2526t | pattern_sh3 = _bayern2526t | pattern_so3 = _bayern2526tl | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 | website = https://fcbayern.com/en }} '''Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V.''', commonly kent as '''FC Bayern München''' ({{IPA-de|ʔɛf tseː ˈbaɪɐn ˈmʏnçn̩}}), '''FCB''', '''Bayern Munich''', or '''FC Bayern''', is a German [[sports club]] based in [[Munich]], [[Bavarie]] (Bayern), Germany. It is best kent for its professional [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] team, which plays in the [[Bundesliga]], the tap tier o the [[German fitbaw league seestem]], an is the maist successfu club in German fitbaw history, haein wan a record 27 [[Leet o German fitbaw champions|naitional titles]] an 18 [[DFB-Pokal|naitional cups]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=30993/index.html |title=Bayern München |publisher=[[FIFA]] |accessdate=10 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221115857/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=30993/index.html |archivedate=21 February 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> FC Bayern wis foondit in 1900 bi 11 football players, led bi [[Franz John]].<ref name="fcbbook1stch">{{cite book | last = Schulze-Marmeling | first = Dietrich | title = Die Bayern. Die Geschichte des deutschen Rekordmeisters | language = German | publisher = Die Werkstatt | year = 2003 | pages = 17–33 | isbn = 3-89533-426-X}}</ref> Awtho Bayern wan its first [[German fitbaw champions|naitional championship]] in [[German fitbaw championship 1932|1932]],<ref name = "bayernhistory0045">{{cite web | title = 1900 bis 1932: Von Beginn an erfolgreich | trans_title = 1900 to 1932: Successful from the start | publisher = FC Bayern Munich Official Website | accessdate = 28 September 2014 | url = http://fcb-erlebniswelt.de/de/historie/meilensteine-ab-1900/1900-1932/index.php | language = de | archive-date = 2014-10-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141028114211/http://fcb-erlebniswelt.de/de/historie/meilensteine-ab-1900/1900-1932/index.php | url-status = dead }}</ref> the club wis nae selectit for the Bundesliga at [[Introduction o the Bundesliga|its inception in 1963]].<ref name="nobl">{{cite book | last = Schulze-Marmeling | first = Dietrich | title = Die Bayern. Die Geschichte des deutschen Rekordmeisters | language = German | publisher = Die Werkstatt | year = 2003 | page = 134 | isbn = 3-89533-426-X}}</ref> The club haed its period o greatest success in the middle o the 1970s when, unner the [[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptaincy]] o [[Franz Beckenbauer]], it wan the [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] three times in a row (1974–1976). Oweraw, Bayern haes reached ten [[Leet o European Cup an UEFA Champions League finals|European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals]], maist recently winnin thair [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|fift]] teetle in [[2013 UEFA Champions League Final|2013]] as pairt o a continental [[Treble (association fitbaw)|treble]]. Bayern haes an aa wan ane [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]], ane [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]], ane [[UEFA Super Cup]], ane [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] an twa [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]], makin it [[Leet o UEFA club competition winners|ane o the maist successfu European clubs internationally]]. Syne the formation o the Bundesliga, Bayern haes been the dominant club in German fitbaw wi 27 titles an haes wan 9 o the last 13 teetles. Thay hae [[Bavarian fitbaw derbies|tradeetional local rivalries]] wi [[TSV 1860 Munich|1860 Munich]] an [[1. FC Nürnberg]], as well as wi [[Borussia Dortmund]] syne the mid-1990s. Syne the beginnin o the [[2005–06 FC Bayern Munich saison|2005–06 saison]], Bayern haes played its hame gemmes at the [[Allianz Arena]]. Previously the team haed played at Munich's [[Olympic Stadium (Munich)|Olympiastadion]] for 33 years. The team colours are reid an white, an the team crest shaws the white an blue [[banner o Bavarie]].<ref name="crestcolor">{{cite book | last = Schulze-Marmeling | first = Dietrich | title = Die Bayern. Die Geschichte des deutschen Rekordmeisters | language = German | publisher = Die Werkstatt | year = 2003 | page = 581 | isbn = 3-89533-426-X}}</ref> In terms o [[Deloitte Football Money League|revenue]], Bayern Munich is the biggest sports club in Germany an the third biggest football club in the world, generating €488&nbsp;million for the 2013–14 season.<ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2015 | url = http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/sports-business-group/deloitte-football-money-league-2015.PDF | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 6 February 2015 | archive-date = 2015-01-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150122061724/http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/sports-business-group/deloitte-football-money-league-2015.PDF | url-status = dead }}</ref> As o November 2016, Bayern haes ower 284,000 members.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fcbayern.com/binaries/content/assets/downloads/homepage/jhv/mitglieder_fanclubs_kidsclub_15-16.pdf |title=Die Mitglieder-Entwicklungdes FC Bayern München eV |trans-title=The member development of FC Bayern München eV |website=fcbayern.com |publisher=FC Bayern München e. V. |date=25 November 2016 |access-date=13 March 2017 |language=German}}</ref> Thare are mair nor 4,000 offeecially-registered fan clubs wi ower 314,000 members.<ref name="Fan Clubs">{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbayern.de/media/native/presse-free/MItglieder_Fanclubs_KidsClub_14-15.pdf | title = Fan Clubs | publisher = FC Bayern Munich | accessdate = 4 January 2016 | date = 27 November 2015 | language = German | archive-date = 2015-12-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151223101729/http://www.fcbayern.de/media/native/presse-free/MItglieder_Fanclubs_KidsClub_14-15.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> The club haes ither depairtments for [[chess]], [[team haundbaw|haundbaw]], basketbaw, gymnastics, [[Skittles (sport)|boulin]], table tennis an senior fitbaw wi mair nor 1,100 active members.<ref name="otherdepartments">{{cite web|title=Other Sports |accessdate=3 July 2008 |year=2007 |publisher=FC Bayern Munich Official Website |url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/company/club/other_sports/index.php |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815023121/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/company/club/other_sports/index.php |archivedate=15 August 2008 }}</ref> FC Bayern is ranked seicont in the current [[UEFA]] [[UEFA coefficient#UEFA team ranking|club coefficient rankings]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|title=UEFA Rankings|accessdate=6 February 2015|publisher=UEFA|archive-date=2017-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706081532/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Honours== [[File:Bayern hattrick champions league trophies.jpg|thumb|The three consecutive champions league trophies wan bi FC Bayern Munich 1974–76. The ane on the far richt is the real CL trophy, gien tae Bayern permanently. The anes on the left are slichtly smawer replicas.]] ===Domestic=== * '''[[Leet o German fitbaw champions|German Champions]]''' ** '''Winner (32):''' [[1932 German football championship|1931–32]], [[1968–69 Bundesliga|1968–69]], [[1971–72 Bundesliga|1971–72]], [[1972–73 Bundesliga|1972–73]], [[1973–74 Bundesliga|1973–74]], [[1979–80 Bundesliga|1979–80]], [[1980–81 Bundesliga|1980–81]], [[1984–85 Bundesliga|1984–85]], [[1985–86 Bundesliga|1985–86]], [[1986–87 Bundesliga|1986–87]], [[1988–89 Bundesliga|1988–89]], [[1989–90 Bundesliga|1989–90]], [[1993–94 Bundesliga|1993–94]], [[1996–97 Bundesliga|1996–97]], [[1998–99 Bundesliga|1998–99]], [[1999–2000 Bundesliga|1999–2000]], [[2000–01 Bundesliga|2000–01]], [[2002–03 Bundesliga|2002–03]], [[2004–05 Bundesliga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 Bundesliga|2005–06]], [[2007–08 Bundesliga|2007–08]], [[2009–10 Bundesliga|2009–10]], [[2012–13 Bundesliga|2012–13]], [[2013–14 Bundesliga|2013–14]], [[2014–15 Bundesliga|2014–15]], 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 * '''[[DFB-Pokal]]''' ** '''Winner (17):''' [[1956–57 DFB-Pokal|1956-57]], [[1965–66 DFB-Pokal|1965-66]], [[1966–67 DFB-Pokal|1966-67]], [[1968–69 DFB-Pokal|1968-69]], [[1970–71 DFB-Pokal|1970-71]], [[1981–82 DFB-Pokal|1981-82]], [[1983–84 DFB-Pokal|1983-84]], [[1985–86 DFB-Pokal|1985-86]], [[1997–98 DFB-Pokal|1997-98]], [[1999–2000 DFB-Pokal|1999-2000]], [[2002–03 DFB-Pokal|2002-03]], [[2004–05 DFB-Pokal|2004-05]], [[2005–06 DFB-Pokal|2005-06]], [[2008 DFB-Pokal Final|2007-08]], [[2010 DFB-Pokal Final|2009-10]], [[2013 DFB-Pokal Final|2012-13]], [[2014 DFB-Pokal Final|2013-14]] * '''[[DFB-Ligapokal]]''' ** '''Winner (6):''' [[1997 DFB-Ligapokal|1997]], [[1998 DFB-Ligapokal|1998]], [[1999 DFB-Ligapokal|1999]], [[2000 DFB-Ligapokal|2000]], [[2004 DFB-Ligapokal|2004]], [[2007 DFL-Ligapokal|2007]] * '''[[DFL-Supercup]]''' ** '''Winner (5):''' [[DFB-Supercup|1982]], [[1987 DFB-Supercup|1987]], [[1990 DFB-Supercup|1990]], [[2010 DFL-Supercup|2010]], [[2012 DFL-Supercup|2012]] ===European=== * '''[[UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League / European Cup]]''' ** '''Winner (5) :''' [[1973–74 European Cup|1973-74]], [[1974–75 European Cup|1974-75]], [[1975–76 European Cup|1975-76]], [[2000–01 UEFA Champions League|2000-01]], [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2012-13]] * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' ** '''Winner (1) :''' [[1966–67 European Cup Winners' Cup|1966-67]] * '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Europa League / UEFA Cup]]''' ** '''Winner (1):''' [[1995–96 UEFA Cup|1995-96]] * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' ** '''Winner (1) :''' [[2013 UEFA Super Cup|2013]] ===Warldwide=== * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]''' ** '''Winner (1):''' [[2013 FIFA Club Warld Cup Feenal|2013]] * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]''' ** '''Winner (2):''' [[1976 Intercontinental Cup|1976]], [[2001 Intercontinental Cup|2001]] ===Regional=== *'''[[Soothren German fitbaw championship]]''' **'''Champions (2)''': 1925–26, 1927–28 **'''Runners-up (4)''': 1909–10, 1910–11, 1928–29, 1931–32 *'''[[Soothren German Cup]] ''' **'''Champions (1)''': 1957 **'''Runners-up (1)''': 1923 *'''[[Ostkreis-Liga]]''' (I) champions: 1910, 1911; runners-up: 1912, 1913, 1917, 1918 '''(record)''' *'''[[Kreisliga Südbayern]]''' (I) champions: 1920, 1923 '''(shared record)'''; runners-up: 1922 *'''[[Bezirksliga Bayern]]''' (I) champions: 1925–26 *'''[[Bezirksliga Südbayern]]''' (I) champions: 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33 '''(record)''' *'''[[Gauliga Südbayern]]''' (I) champions: 1943–44 *'''[[Regionalliga Süd (1963-74)|Regionalliga Süd]]''' (II) **'''Champions (1)''': 1964–65 **'''Runners-up (1)''': 1963–64 ==Players== ===Current squad=== {{Updated|25 Julie 2023|<ref name="Squad">{{Cite web |title=First Team |publisher=FC Bayern München AG |url=https://fcbayern.com/en/teams/first-team |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>}} <!-- Before adding/removing any new players, please wait until the transfer is really confirmed --> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Manuel Neuer]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=2|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Dayot Upamecano]]}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=KOR|name=[[Kim Min-jae (fitbawer)|Kim Min-jae]]}} {{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=NED|name=[[Matthijs de Ligt]]}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Benjamin Pavard]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=GER|name=[[Joshua Kimmich]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|3rd caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=GER|name=[[Serge Gnabry]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=GER|name=[[Leon Goretzka]]}} {{Fs player|no=10|pos=FW|nat=GER|name=[[Leroy Sané]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Kingsley Coman]]}} {{Fs player|no=13|pos=FW|nat=CMR|name=[[Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting]]}} {{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=GER|name=[[Paul Wanner]]}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=FW|nat=SEN|name=[[Sadio Mané]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=DF|nat=CAN|name=[[Alphonso Davies]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=DF|nat=SEN|name=[[Bouna Sarr]]}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=DF|nat=POR|name=[[Raphaël Guerreiro]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|nat=AUT|pos=MF|name=[[Konrad Laimer]]}} {{Fs player|no=25|pos=FW|nat=GER|name=[[Thomas Müller]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|vice-caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=26|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Sven Ulreich]]}} {{Fs player|no=27|pos=GK|nat=SUI|name=[[Yann Sommer]]}} {{Fs player|no=38|pos=MF|nat=NED|name=[[Ryan Gravenberch]]}} {{Fs player|no=39|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Mathys Tel]]}} {{Fs player|no=40|pos=DF|nat=MAR|name=[[Noussair Mazraoui]]}} {{Fs player|no=42|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Jamal Musiala]]}} {{Fs player|no=44|nat=CRO|pos=DF|name=[[Josip Stanišić]]}} {{Fs end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#DD0000;color:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #0000FF;|list1= {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{FIFA Club Warld Cup winners}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Munich, Bayern}} [[Category:FC Bayern Munich| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Germany]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Bavarie]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Munich]] [[Category:Fitbaw in Upper Bavarie]] [[Category:1900 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1900]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Germany]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:1900 establishments in Bavarie]] [[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]] [[Category:UEFA Champions League winning clubs]] 9t94puliaun6xuevo96oyoy6duixj18 0 66463 923075 921026 2026-09-23T08:55:20Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Barcelona | image = FC Barcelona (crest).svg | image_size = 200px | fullname = Futbol Club Barcelona<!--in Catalan, futbol does not have an accent over "u"--> | nickname = ''Barça'' (team)<br />''Culés'' or ''Barcelonistas'' (supporters)<br />''Blaugranas'' or ''Azulgranas''<!--in Catalan, it is always blaugrana (singular) or blaugranas (plural), while in Spanish the Catalan word "blaugrana" is often used as well as the Spanish word "azulgrana"--> (supporters) | motto = Més que un club | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1899|11|29}}<br />as ''Foot-Ball Club Barcelona'' | ground = [[Camp Nou]] | capacity = 99,354<ref name="stadium">[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou Camp Nou] – FC Barcelona Official Page</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Joan Laporta]] | manager = [[Xavi]] | league = {{Spanish football updater|Barcelona}} | season = 2022–23 | position = [[La Liga]], 1st o 20 (champions) | website = http://www.fcbarcelona.com | pattern_la1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_b1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_ra1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | pattern_sh1 = _fcbarcelona2425h | leftarm1 = BF0030 | body1 = 00009F | rightarm1 = BF0030 | shorts1 = 00006A | socks1 = 00006A | pattern_la2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_b2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_ra2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | pattern_sh2 = _fcbarcelona2425a | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_b3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_ra3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | pattern_sh3 = _fcbarcelona2425t | leftarm3 = B8F09B | body3 = B8F09B | rightarm3 = B8F09B | shorts3 = B8F09B | socks3 = B8F09B }} '''Futbol Club Barcelona''' ({{IPA-ca|fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə|-|Futbol Club Barcelona - name.ogg}}), kent as '''Barcelona''' an familiarly as '''Barça''' an aw,<ref>Pronooncit {{IPA-ca|ˈbar.sə|}}.</ref> is a perfaisional [[Fitbaw team|fitbaw club]], based in [[Barcelona]], Catalonie, Spain. Foondit in 1899 bi a group o Swiss, Inglis an Catalan fitbawers led bi [[Joan Gamper]], the club haes become a seembol o Catalan cultur an [[Catalanism]], hence the motto ''"Més que un club"'' (Mair nor a club). Unlike mony ither fitbaw clubs, the [[Supporters o FC Barcelona|supporters]] awn an operate Barcelona. It is the warld's seicont-richest fitbaw club in terms o revenue, wi a annual turnover o $613 million an the third maist valuable sports team, worth $2.6 billion.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ |title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=July 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2014|agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> The offeecial Barcelona anthem is the "[[Cant del Barça]]", written bi Jaume Picas an [[Josep Maria Espinàs]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/simbols/himne.html|title= FC Barcelona Hymn| publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Barcelona is the [[Fitbaw records in Spain|maist successful club in Spain]], in terms o oweraw offeecial titles wan (80). Barcelona wis rankit first in the 'All-Time Club World Ranking' bi [[IFFHS]], on 31 Dizember 2009,<ref>{{cite web|title=All-Time Club World Ranking, by International Federation of Football History & Statistics|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|access-date=2014-01-15|archive-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132701/http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|url-status=dead}}</ref> an is currently placit on top o the UEFA club rankins an aw.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA club coefficients 2013/14|url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|access-date=2014-01-15|archive-date=2017-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706081532/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> They wan 22 [[La Liga]], 26 [[Copa del Rey]], 11 [[Supercopa de España]], 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]<ref name="The 1953">The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Barcelona's "Copa de Oro Argentina" win o 1945 is no includit in this coont, i.e. anerly the 1948, 1952 an 1953 trophies are.</ref> an 2 [[Copa de la Liga]] trophies, as well as bein the record haulder for the latter fower competeetions. In internaitional club fitbaw, Barcelona haes wan fower [[UEFA Champions League]], a record fower [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], fower [[UEFA Super Cup]], a record three [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]<ref>Considered a major title by FIFA (see FIFA.com F.C. Barcelona's profile at http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=44217/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106144603/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club%3D44217/ |date=2012-01-06 }}) but generally not an official title, as the competition was not organised by [[UEFA]]</ref> an a record twa [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] trophies.<ref name="Football Europe: FC Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50080/domestic.html|title=Football Europe: FC Barcelona|publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA)|accessdate=4 May 2009|archive-date=2010-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603054639/http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club%3D50080/domestic.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The club haes a lang-staundin rivalry wi [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]; matches atween the twa teams are referred tae as "[[El Clásico]]". ==Honours== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" !style="width: 1%;"|Teep !style="width: 5%;"|Competition !style="width: 1%;"|Titles !style="width: 21%;"|Seasons |- |rowspan="5" |'''Domestic''' ! scope=col|[[La Liga]] |align="center"|26 | [[1929 La Liga|1929]], [[1944–45 La Liga|1944–45]], [[1947–48 La Liga|1947–48]], [[1948–49 La Liga|1948–49]], [[1951–52 La Liga|1951–52]], [[1952–53 La Liga|1952–53]], [[1958–59 La Liga|1958–59]], [[1959–60 La Liga|1959–60]], [[1973–74 La Liga|1973–74]], [[1984–85 La Liga|1984–85]], [[1990–91 La Liga|1990–91]], [[1991–92 La Liga|1991–92]], [[1992–93 La Liga|1992–93]], [[1993–94 La Liga|1993–94]], [[1997–98 La Liga|1997–98]], [[1998–99 La Liga|1998–99]], [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''30''' | [[1910 Copa del Rey|1909–10]], [[1912 Copa del Rey|1911–12]], [[1913 Copa del Rey|1912–13]], [[1920 Copa del Rey|1919–20]], [[1922 Copa del Rey|1921–22]], [[1925 Copa del Rey|1924–25]], [[1926 Copa del Rey|1925–26]], [[1928 Copa del Rey|1927–28]], [[1942 Copa del Generalísimo|1941–42]], [[1951 Copa del Generalísimo|1950–51]], [[1952 Copa del Generalísimo|1951–52]], [[1952–53 Copa del Generalísimo|1952–53]], [[1957 Copa del Generalísimo|1956–57]], [[1958–59 Copa del Generalísimo|1958–59]], [[1962–63 Copa del Generalísimo|1962–63]], [[1967–68 Copa del Generalísimo|1967–68]], [[1970–71 Copa del Generalísimo|1970–71]], [[1977–78 Copa del Rey|1977–78]], [[1980–81 Copa del Rey|1980–81]], [[1982–83 Copa del Rey|1982–83]], [[1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]], [[1989–90 Copa del Rey|1989–90]], [[1996–97 Copa del Rey|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Copa del Rey|1997–98]], [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]], [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Copa del Rey|2017–18]] |- ! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''13''' | [[1983 Supercopa de España|1983]], [[1991 Supercopa de España|1991]], [[1992 Supercopa de España|1992]], [[1994 Supercopa de España|1994]], [[1996 Supercopa de España|1996]], [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]], [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]], [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]], [[2016 Supercopa de España|2016]], [[2018 Supercopa de España|2018]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''3''' | [[Copa Eva Duarte|1948]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1952]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1953]] |- ! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''2''' | [[1983 Copa de la Liga|1983]], [[1986 Copa de la Liga|1986]] |- | rowspan="4" |'''European''' ! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League]] |align="center"|5 | [[1991–92 European Cup|1991–92]], [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] |- ! scope=col| [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''4''' | [[1978–79 European Cup Winners' Cup|1978–79]], [[1981–82 European Cup Winners' Cup|1981–82]], [[1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup|1988–89]], [[1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|1996–97]] |- ! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''5'''{{smallsup|S}} |[[1992 European Super Cup|1992]], [[1997 UEFA Super Cup|1997]], [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]] |- ! scope=col| [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]] |bgcolor="gold"|'''3''' | [[1955–58 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1955–58]], [[1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1958–60]], [[1965–66 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1965–66]] |- |'''Worldwide''' ! scope=col|[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] |3 | [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2015]] |- |} * {{legend|gold|Record}} * {{smallsup|S}} Shared record == Players == === Current squad === {{Updated|19 Julie 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players|title=First Team|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FC Barcelona's new captains confirmed|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3599643/fc-barcelonas-new-captains-confirmed|date=21 July 2023|access-date=22 July 2023|publisher=FC Barcelona|language=en}}</ref> <!----------------------------- READ THIS NOTICE FIRST BEFORE EDITING ---------------------------------- – Do NOT add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club through their website, including medical and signing the contract. A transfer fee agreed doesn't mean the player will sign. – Do NOT remove players before their exit is officially announced by the club. – Do NOT add or change squad numbers until it is official on the FC Barcelona website – Only add numberless players that are likely to become part of the first team – Pre-season numbers can be added temporarily with A REFERENCE – This is Wikipedia, not a football newspaper. Anything unconfirmed and unsourced will be removed on sight ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Marc-André ter Stegen]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|vice-caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=URU|name=[[Ronald Araújo]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|3rd caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Gavi (footballer)|Gavi]]}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=FRA|name=[[Ousmane Dembélé]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Pedri]]}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=POL|name=[[Robert Lewandowski]]}} {{Fs player|no=10|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ansu Fati]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ferran Torres]]}} {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=ESP|name=[[Iñaki Peña]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=DF|nat=DEN|name=[[Andreas Christensen]]}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Marcos Alonso (fitbawer, born 1990)|Marcos Alonso]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=MF|nat=CIV|name=[[Franck Kessié]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Sergi Roberto]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=MF|nat=NED|name=[[Frenkie de Jong]]|other=[[Vice-caiptain (association fitbaw)|4t caiptain]]}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=FW|nat=BRA|name=[[Raphinha]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Jules Koundé]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Eric García (fitbawer, born 2001)|Eric García]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Clément Lenglet]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Iñigo Martínez]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=USA|name=[[Sergiño Dest]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Álex Collado]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=GER|name=[[İlkay Gündoğan]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Nico González (fitbawer, born 2002)|Nico González]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Oriol Romeu]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=MAR|name=[[Abde Ezzalzouli]]}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=POR|name=[[Francisco Trincão]]}} {{Fs end}} ===Oot on lend=== {{Fs start}} {{Fs end}} ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{FC Barcelona}} {{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#26559B;color:#FFF000;border:1px solid #C32148;|list1= {{Primera División de España}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{FIFA Club Warld Cup winners}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Barcelona}} [[Category:FC Barcelona| ]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1899]] [[Category:Catalan seembols]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Barcelona]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] 5jve75fhj6ggp6xvi7zzna0j2p2x4g0 0 67346 923033 906689 2026-09-23T03:30:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | alt = | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] [[Muisical film|muisical]] [[romantic fantasie]] [[Drama (film an television)|drama]] film produced bi [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Featur Animation]] an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t [[Leet of Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Disney animatit featur film]] an the third released durin the [[Disney Renaissance]] period, it is based on the French [[Beauty and the Beast|fairy tale o the same name]] bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref name="Cartoon">{{cite news |url=http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |title="Beauty and the Beast" return with $18.5 million |first=Ethan |last=Clevland |newspaper=Big Cartoon News |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=January 16, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121202003149/http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=2014-06-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140605035738/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action%23XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=2017-09-10 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170910111047/https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=2017-09-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170910105349/https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] sas2krbsaxevyweytji62voi6stoq1u 0 69634 923007 709959 2026-09-22T23:45:46Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack |title = 2014 Kunming attack |partof = |image = Kunming Railway Station.jpg|250px |caption = A view o [[Kunming Railway Station]] |map = {{Location map+| China Yunnan| width =250| float=none| caption =Location of [[Kunming]] in [[Yunnan Province]]| alt = Location of Kunming in Yunnan|places={{Location map~ | China Yunnan|label=[[Kunming]]| position=bottom|link=Kunming|lat_deg=25|lat_min=2|lat_sec=48.876|lat_dir=N|lon_deg=102|lon_min=42|lon_sec=37.548|lon_dir=E}}}} |location = [[Kunming]], [[Yunnan]], [[Cheenae]] |coordinates = {{coord|25|1|3|N|102|43|15|E|region:CN-53_type:event|display=inline,title}} |date = 1 Mairch 2014 |type = Knife attack |fatalities = 35 (includin 4 perpetrators) |injuries = 130 |perps = 10+ |target = [[Kunming Railway Station]] }} On 1 Mairch 2014, a group o knife-wieldin men an weemen attacked passengers at the [[Kunming Railway Station]] in the ceety o [[Kunming]], [[Yunnan]], [[Cheenae]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|title=China separatists blamed for Kunming knife rampage|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-26404566|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2 March 2014}}</ref> At least 31 ceevilians wur killt an 130 ithers wur injured.<ref>{{cite web|title=Xinhua Insight: At least 29 dead, 130 injured in Kunming railway station violence|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2014-03/02/c_133152792.htm|publisher=xinhuanet.com|accessdate=2 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305105829/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2014-03/02/c_133152792.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kunming attack}} [[Category:2014 in Cheenae]] [[Category:History o Yunnan]] [[Category:Mass murther in 2014]] [[Category:Murder in Cheenae]] [[Category:Terrorist incidents in 2014]] [[Category:Terrorist incidents in Cheenae]] [[Category:Xinjiang conflict]] [[Category:Terrorist incidents on railwey seestems]] bbj0wnkmaz1tyczc7sqog60lytiju2u 0 69670 923001 905687 2026-09-22T23:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = 12 Years a Slave | director = [[Steve McQueen (director)|Steve McQueen]] | producer = {{Plain list | *[[Brad Pitt]] *[[Dede Gardner]] *Jeremy Kleiner *[[Bill Pohlad]] *Steve McQueen *[[Arnon Milchan]] *Anthony Katagas }} | screenplay = [[John Ridley]] | based on = {{based on|''[[Twelve Years a Slave]]''|[[Solomon Northup]]}} | starring = {{Plain list | *[[Chiwetel Ejiofor]] *[[Michael Fassbender]] *[[Benedict Cumberbatch]] *[[Paul Dano]] *[[Paul Giamatti]] *[[Lupita Nyong'o]] *[[Sarah Paulson]] *[[Brad Pitt]] *[[Alfre Woodard]] }} | music = [[Hans Zimmer]] | cinematography = [[Sean Bobbitt]] | editing = [[Joe Walker (editor)|Joe Walker]] | studio = {{Plain list | *[[Summit Entertainment]] *[[Regency Enterprises]] *River Road Entertainment *[[Film4 Productions|Film4]] *[[Plan B Entertainment|Plan B]] }} | distributor = {{Plain list | *[[Fox Searchlight Pictures]] {{small|(United States)}} *[[Entertainment One]] {{small|(United Kingdom)}} }} | released = {{Film date|2013|08|30|[[Telluride Film Festival]]|2013|11|08|United States|2014|01|10|United Kingdom}} | runtime = 134 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/12-years-slave-2013 |title=''12 YEARS A SLAVE'' (15) |work=[[Fox Searchlight Pictures]] |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=February 19, 2014 |accessdate=February 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017100204/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/12-years-slave-2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | country = {{Plain list | *United Kingdom *United States }} | language = Inglis | budget = $20 million<ref name="Probud">{{cite news | last=Fuller | first=Graham | url=http://blogs.artinfo.com/cuttingroom/2012/04/30/steve-mcqueens-twelve-years-a-slave-set-to-shine-light-on-solomon-northups-ordeal/ | title=Steve McQueen's 'Twelve Years a Slave' Set to Shine Light on Solomon Northup's Ordeal | work=Art+Auction | publisher=[[Louise Blouin Media]] | date=April 10, 2012 | accessdate=February 1, 2013 }}</ref> | gross = $140,160,000<!--- UPDATE THE ACCESSDATE OF THE SOURCE BEFORE CHANGING ---><ref name=box>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twelveyearsaslave.htm|title=12 Years a Slave (2013)|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=March 2, 2014}}</ref> }} '''''12 Years a Slave''''' is a 2013 [[Leet o historical drama films|historical]] [[drama film]] an an adaptation o the [[Twelve Years a Slave|1853 memoir o the same name]] bi [[Solomon Northup]], a New York State-born free black man who wis kidnapped in Washington, D.C. in 1841 an sauld intae [[sclavery]]. He wirked on plantations in the state o [[Louisiana]] for twelve years afore his release. The first scholarly edition o Northup's memoir, co-editit in 1968 bi [[Sue Eakin]] an [[Joseph Logsdon]], carefully retraced an validatit the accoont an concludit it tae be accurate.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Toplin | first1 = Robert Brent | year = 1969 | title = ''Twelve Years a Slave'' (review) | journal = Civil War History | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 66 | publisher = | jstor = | doi = 10.1353/cwh.1969.0065 | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_civil-war-history_1969-03_15_1/page/66| format = | accessdate = }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Stub/Fillum}} {{Commons category|12 Years a Slave}} {{DEFAULTSORT:12 Years a Slave (film)}} [[Category:2013 films]] [[Category:2010s drama films]] [[Category:2010s biografical films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American biographical films]] [[Category:American drama films]] [[Category:Breetish films]] [[Category:Breetish drama films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:Film scores bi Hans Zimmer]] [[Category:Films based on actual events]] [[Category:Nonlinear narrative films]] [[Category:Films set in New York Ceety]] [[Category:American independent films]] [[Category:Best Drama Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Films featurin a Best Supportin Actress Academy Awaird-winnin performance]] [[Category:Films that's writer wan the Best Adaptit Screenplay Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Best Pictur Academy Awaird winners]] 2hqkw2ajdold52vk9ha5j6flbuexg3y 0 69675 923042 917967 2026-09-23T04:06:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Brad Pitt |image = Brad Pitt 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg |alt = |caption = Brad Pitt - Hollywood Californie - Julie 2019 |birth_name = William Bradley Pitt |birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1963|12|18}} |birth_place = [[Shawnee, Oklahoma|Shawnee]], [[Oklahoma]], U.S. |occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer}} |years_active = 1987&ndash;present |spouse = {{ubl|{{Marriage|[[Jennifer Aniston]]|2000|2005}}|{{marriage|[[Angelina Jolie]]|2014|2019}}}} |children = [[#Children|6]] }} '''William Bradley''' "'''Brad'''" '''Pitt''' (born 18 December 1963) is an American actor an film producer. Pitt haes received five [[Academy Awaird]] nominations an five [[Gowden Globe Awaird]] nominations, winnin ilkane o thaim. He haes been descreived as ane o the warld's maist attractive men, a label fur whilk he haes gatten substantious media attention.<ref name="bbc brad">{{vcite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1003789.stm |title=Brad Pitt 'sexiest man alive' |date=November 2, 2000 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=November 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name="www. foxnews. com">{{vcite news |author=Jeanna Bryner |title=Study: Men With 'Cavemen' Faces Most Attractive to Women |publisher=[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] |date=August 23, 2007 |accessdate=January 1, 2008 |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,294134,00.html |archivedate=2008-01-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110020921/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,294134,00.html}}</ref> ==Filmography== === Film === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Film ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1987 | ''[[Hunk (film)|Hunk]]'' | Guy at Beach with Drink | |- | 1987 | ''[[No Way Out (1987 film)|No Way Out]]'' | Airport Cop | |- | 1987 | ''[[No Man's Land (1987 film)|No Man's Land]]'' | Waiter | |- | 1987 | ''[[Less Than Zero (film)|Less Than Zero]]'' | Partygoer/Preppie Guy at Fight | |- |- | 1988 | ''{{sortname|The|Dark Side of the Sun|The Dark Side of the Sun (film)}}'' | Rick | |- | 1989 | ''[[Happy Together (1989 American film)|Happy Together]]'' | Brian | |- | 1989 | ''[[Cutting Class]]'' | Dwight Ingalls | |- | 1990 | ''[[Too Young to Die?]]'' | Billy Canton | |- | 1991 | ''[[Across the Tracks]]'' | Joe Maloney | |- | 1991 | ''[[Thelma & Louise]]'' | J.D. | |- | 1991 | ''[[Johnny Suede]]'' | Johnny Suede | |- | 1992 | ''[[Contact (1992 film)|Contact]]'' | Cox | |- | 1992 | ''[[Cool World]]'' | Detective Frank Harris | |- | 1992 | ''{{sortname|A|River Runs Through It|A River Runs Through It (film)}}'' | Paul Maclean | |- | 1993 | ''[[Kalifornia]]'' | Early Grayce | |- | 1993 | ''[[True Romance]]'' | Floyd | |- | 1994 | ''{{sortname|The|Favor}}'' | Elliott Fowler | |- | 1994 | ''[[Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles|Interview with the Vampire]]'' | [[Louis de Pointe du Lac]] | |- | 1994 | ''[[Legends of the Fall]]'' | Tristan Ludlow | |- | 1995 | ''[[Seven (1995 film)|Seven]]'' | David Mills | |- | 1995 | ''[[12 Monkeys]]'' | Jeffrey Goines | |- | 1996 | ''[[Sleepers (film)|Sleepers]]'' | Michael Sullivan | |- | 1997 | ''{{sortname|The|Devil's Own}}'' | Francis Austin McQuire/Rory Devaney | |- | 1997 | ''[[Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film)|Seven Years in Tibet]]'' | [[Heinrich Harrer]] | |- | 1998 | ''[[Meet Joe Black]]'' | Joe Black/Man in the Coffee Shop | |- | 1999 | ''[[Fight Club]]'' | [[Fight Club (novel)#Tyler Durden|Tyler Durden]] | |- | 1999 | ''[[Being John Malkovich]]'' | Cameo | Uncreditit |- | 2000 | ''[[Snatch (film)|Snatch]]'' | Mickey O'Neil | |- | 2001 | ''{{sortname|The|Mexican}}'' | Jerry Welbach | |- | 2001 | ''[[Spy Game]]'' | Tom Bishop | |- | 2001 | ''[[Ocean's Eleven]]'' | [[Rusty Ryan]] | |- | 2002 | ''[[Confessions of a Dangerous Mind]]'' | Brad, Bachelor No.1 | |- | 2003 | ''[[Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas]]'' | [[Sinbad the Sailor|Sinbad]] | Vyce |- | 2004 | ''[[Troy (film)|Troy]]'' | [[Achilles]] | |- | 2004 | ''{{sortname|Ocean's|Twelve|sort=Ocean's 12}}'' | [[Rusty Ryan]] | |- | 2005 | ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film)|Mr. & Mrs. Smith]]'' | John Smith | |- | 2006 | ''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'' | Richard | |- | 2007 | ''{{sortname|Ocean's|Thirteen|sort=Ocean's 13}}'' | [[Rusty Ryan]] | |- | 2007 | ''[[The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford]]'' | [[Jesse James]] | |- | 2008 | ''[[Burn After Reading]]'' | Chad Feldheimer | |- | 2008 | ''{{sortname|The|Curious Case of Benjamin Button|The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)}}'' | Benjamin Button | |- | 2009 | ''[[Inglourious Basterds]]'' | Lt. Aldo Raine | |- | 2010 | ''[[Megamind]]'' | Metro Man | Vyce |- | 2011 | ''{{sortname|The|Tree of Life|The Tree of Life (film)}}'' | Mr. O'Brien | |- | 2011 | ''[[Moneyball (film)|Moneyball]]'' | [[Billy Beane]] | |- | 2011 | ''[[Happy Feet Two]]'' | Will the Krill | Vyce |- | 2012 | ''[[Killing Them Softly]]'' | Jackie Cogan | |- | 2013 | ''[[World War Z (film)|World War Z]]'' | Gerry Lane | |- | 2013 | ''[[12 Years a Slave (film)|12 Years a Slave]]'' | Samuel Bass | |- | 2013 | ''[[The Counselor]]'' | Westray | |- | 2014 |''[[Fury (2014 film)|Fury]]'' | [[Unitit States Airmy|US Airmy]] [[Staff sergeant#U.S. Army|Staff Sergeant]] Don "Wardaddy" Collier | |- | 2015 |''[[By the Sea (2015 film)|By the Sea]]'' | Roland | ''Filmin'' |- | 2016 | ''Voyage of Time'' | Narrator | Vyce<br>Documentary<ref>{{cite web|last=Han|first=Angie|title=Terrence Malick Prepping ‘The Tree of Life’ Director’s Cut; ‘Voyage of Time’ Coming in 2014|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/terrence-malick-prepping-the-tree-of-life-directors-cut-voyage-of-time-coming-in-2014/|publisher=Slash Film|date=2 May 2013}}</ref> |} ===Television === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Show ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1987 | ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'' | Chris | 2 episodes |- | 1987 | ''[[Growing Pains]]'' | Jeff & Johnathan Keith | 2 episodes |- | 1987 | ''[[Head of the Class]]'' | Chuck | Episode: "Partners" |- | 1987 | ''[[Freddy's Nightmares]]'' | Rick Austin | Episode: "Black Tickets" |- | 1987 | ''[[Dallas (1978 TV series)|Dallas]]'' | Randy | 4 episodes |- | 1988 | ''[[21 Jump Street]]'' | Peter | Episode: "Best Years of Your Life" |- | 1990 | ''{{sortname|The|Image|The Image (TV)}}'' | Cameraman | TV movie |- | 1990 | ''[[Too Young to Die?]]'' | Billy Canton | TV movie |- | 1990 | ''Glory Days'' | Walker Lovejoy | 6 episodes |- | 1992 | ''[[Tales from the Crypt (TV series)|Tales from the Crypt]] '' | Billy | Episode: "King of the Road" |- | 2001 | ''[[Friends]]'' | Will Colbert | Episode: "[[The One with the Rumor]]" |- | 2002 | ''[[Jackass (TV series)|Jackass]]'' | Himsel | 2 episodes |- | 2003 | ''[[King of the Hill]]'' | Patch Boomhauer | Vyce<br>Episode: "Patch Boomhauer" |} ===Theatre === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Play ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2012 | ''[[8 (play)|8]]'' | Judge [[Vaughn R. Walker]] | Play based on the trial tae ower [[Californie Proposeetion 8]].Ane performance anly. |- |} === Producer === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Film ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2006 | ''[[God Grew Tired of Us]]'' | Executive producer |- | 2006 | ''{{sortname|The|Departed}}'' | |- | 2006 | ''[[Running with Scissors (film)|Running with Scissors]]'' | |- | 2007 | ''The Tehuacan Project'' | Executive producer |- | 2007 | ''[[Year of the Dog (film)|Year of the Dog]]'' | Executive producer |- | 2007 | ''{{sortname|A|Mighty Heart|A Mighty Heart (film)}}'' | |- | 2007 | ''[[The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford]]'' | |- | 2008 | ''[[Pretty/Handsome]]'' | Executive producer (TV) |- | 2009 | ''{{sortname|The|Time Traveler's Wife|The Time Traveler's Wife (film)}}'' | Executive producer |- | 2009 | ''{{sortname|The|Private Lives of Pippa Lee}}'' | Executive producer |- | 2010 | ''[[Kick-Ass (film)|Kick-Ass]]'' | |- | 2010 | ''[[Eat Pray Love]]'' | |- | 2011 | ''{{sortname|The|Tree of Life|The Tree of Life (film)}}'' | |- | 2011 | ''[[Moneyball (film)|Moneyball]]'' | |- | 2012 | ''[[Killing Them Softly]]'' | |- | 2013 | ''[[World War Z (film)|World War Z]]'' | |- | 2013 | ''[[Kick-Ass 2 (film)|Kick-Ass 2]]'' | |- | 2013 | ''[[12 Years a Slave (film)|12 Years a Slave]]'' | |- | 2014 | ''[[True Story (film)|True Story]]'' | |- | 2014 | ''[[The Normal Heart (film)|The Normal Heart]]'' | |- | 2014 | ''[[Selma (film)|Selma]]'' | Executive Producer |- | 2015 | ''[[By the Sea (2015 film)|By the Sea]]'' | |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitt, Brad}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:Male actors frae Missouri]] [[Category:Male actors frae Oklahoma]] [[Category:Fowk frae Oklahoma]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American film producers]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Umwhile Baptists]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Shawnee, Oklahoma]] [[Category:Fowk frae Springfield, Missouri]] [[Category:Varsity o Missouri alumni]] [[Category:Volpi Cup winners]] [[Category:Gowden Globe Awaird winnin producers]] [[Category:Producers that wan the Best Pictur Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Umwhile autheists an agnostics]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] poz7eusqa5ly6lk9lspws552nrh3c8t 0 69731 923036 908258 2026-09-23T03:39:19Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Benedict Cumberbatch | birth_name = {{nowrap|Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch}} | image = 12 Years a Slave 38 (9730608647) adjusted.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Cumberbatch at the premiere o ''[[12 Years a Slave (film)|12 Years a Slave]]'' at the [[2013 Toronto Internaitional Film Festival]]. | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1976|7|19|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hammersmith]], Lunnon, England | occupation = Actor, producer<ref name=PRNW>{{cite web|title=Benedict Cumberbatch, Nick Moran And Colin Salmon Star In The SunnyMarch Short Film "LITTLE FAVOUR"|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/benedict-cumberbatch-nick-moran-and-colin-salmon-star-in-the-sunnymarch-short-film-little-favour-229077541.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref> | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Brambletye Schuil]]|[[Harrow School]]|[[Varsity o Manchester]]|[[Lunnon Academy o Muisic an Dramatic Airt|LAMDA]]}} | education = {{ubl|BA in Drama|[[Master o Airts (postgraduate)|MA]] in Classical Actin for the Professional Theatre<ref name=autogenerated7>{{Cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2154986,00.html |title=Benedict Cumberbatch Talks Secrets, Leaks, and Sherlock – TIME<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2014-03-04 |archive-date=2014-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007131915/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2154986,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | years_active = 2000–present | spouse = {{marriage|[[:en:Sophie Hunter|Sophie Hunter]]|2015}} | parents = {{ubl|[[Timothy Carlton]]|[[Wanda Ventham]]}} | module = {{Listen|embed=yes |filename = Benedict cumberbatch in front row b00wqfnd-crop.flac|title = Cumberbatch's vyce|type = speech |description = from the BBC programme [[Front Row (radio)|Front Row]], 23 December 2010<ref name="BBC-b00wqfnd">{{Cite episode|title= Howard Jacobson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Zaha Hadid, Colin Firth, Mumford and Sons, Christian Marclay|series= Front Row|serieslink= Front Row (radio)|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00wqfnd|accessdate= 2014-01-18|station= BBC Radio 4|date= 2010-12-23|season= |seriesno=|number=|transcript= |transcripturl=}}</ref>}} }} '''Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch''' (19 Julie 1976) is an Inglis film, telly, theatre an vyce [[actor]]. ==Credits== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | 2002 | ''Hills Like White Elephants'' | The Man | Short film | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Bookish>{{cite web|author1=Natalie Zutter|title=From 'Sherlock' to Smaug: Benedict Cumberbatch's Best Characters From Books|url=http://www.bookish.com/articles/from-sherlock-to-smaug-benedict-cumberbatchs-best-characters-from-books|publisher=Bookish|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=13 December 2013|archive-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221152311/https://www.bookish.com/articles/from-sherlock-to-smaug-benedict-cumberbatchs-best-characters-from-books/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''[[To Kill a King]]'' | Ryalist | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | ''[[Starter for 10 (film)|Starter for 10]]'' | {{sort|Watts|Patrick Watts}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Bookish /> |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | ''[[Amazing Grace (2006 film)|Amazing Grace]]'' | {{sort|Pitt|[[William Pitt the Younger|William Pitt]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Tribeca>{{cite web|author1=Joe Reid|title=Benedict Cumberbatch: 8 Roles Ranked In Order of Creepiness|url=http://tribecafilm.com/stories/benedict-cumberbatch-creepy-roles|publisher=Tribeca Enterprises|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=17 May 2013|archive-date=2018-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731183558/https://www.tribecafilm.com/stories/benedict-cumberbatch-creepy-roles|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2007 | ''Inseparable'' | Joe/Charlie | Short film | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Short Film Festivals: Does Short and Sweet Win The Race?|url=http://lightsfilmschool.com/blog/short-film-festivals/3775/|publisher=Lights Film School|accessdate=9 September 2014|archive-date=2016-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330213327/http://www.lightsfilmschool.com/blog/short-film-festivals/3775/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2007 | ''[[Atonement (film)|Atonement]]'' | {{sort|Marshall|Paul Marshall}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Bookish /> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''{{sortname|The|Other Boleyn Girl|The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film)}}'' | {{sort|Carey|[[William Carey (courtier)|William Carey]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Bookish /> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''[[Creation (2009 film)|Creation]]'' | {{sort|Hooker|[[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Joseph Hooker]]}} | |style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Tribeca /> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''[[Burlesque Fairytales]]'' | Henry Clark | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Film-maker's debut movie stars Benedict Cumberbatch|url=http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/Film-maker-s-debut-movie-stars-Benedict/story-19582820-detail/story.html|website=Bath Chronicle|access-date=2015-03-14|archive-date=2014-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217221013/http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/Film-maker-s-debut-movie-stars-Benedict/story-19582820-detail/story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''[[Four Lions]]'' | Negotiator | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Philip French|title=Four Lions {{!}} Film|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/may/09/four-lions-film-review|work=The Guardian|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=8 May 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''[[Third Star]]'' | James | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Jana Monji|title=Third Star Review|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/far-flung-correspondents/third-star|publisher=Roger Ebert|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=6 December 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''{{sortname|The|Whistleblower}}'' | {{sort|Kaufman|Nick Kaufman}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Benedict Cumberbatch: Rising Star|url=http://www.eonline.com/photos/10203/benedict-cumberbatch-rising-star|publisher=[[E!]]|accessdate=9 September 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''[[Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film)|Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy]]'' | {{sort|Guillam|[[Peter Guillam]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Guardian1>{{cite web|author1=Euan Ferguson|title=Benedict Cumberbatch: naturally he's a class act|url=http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2012/aug/19/profile-benedict-cumberbatch-sherlock|work=The Guardian|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=18 August 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''[[War Horse (film)|War Horse]]'' | {{sort|Stewart|Major Jamie Stewart}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Ian Freer|title=Exclusive: War Horse Cast Announced|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=28148|publisher=Empire|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=17 June 2010}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''[[Wreckers (2011 film)|Wreckers]]'' | David | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Peter Bradshaw|title=''Wreckers'' – review|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/dec/15/wreckers-review|work=The Guardian|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=15 December 2011}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''{{sortname|The|Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey}}'' | {{sort|Necromancer|[[Sauron|The Necromancer]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Mike Fleming Jr|title=Benedict Cumberbatch To Voice Smaug in 'The Hobbit'|url=http://deadline.com/2011/06/benedict-cumberbatch-to-voice-smaug-in-the-hobbit-140694/|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=16 June 2011}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''[[Girlfriend in a Coma (film)|Girlfriend in a Coma]]'' | {{sort|Alighieri|[[Dante Alighieri]]}} | Vyce; documentary | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Stefano Lippiello|title='Girlfriend in a Coma': Film censured by Italy opens in Berlin|url=http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/politics/article/girlfriend-in-a-coma-film-censured-by-italy-opens-in-berlin.html|publisher=Cafe Babel|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=29 April 2013|archive-date=2014-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195537/http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/politics/article/girlfriend-in-a-coma-film-censured-by-italy-opens-in-berlin.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[Star Trek Into Darkness]]'' | {{sort|Singh|[[Khan Noonien Singh]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Nikki Finke|title='Star Trek' Sequel Hires Hot British Actor|url=http://deadline.com/2012/01/star-trek-sequel-hires-hot-british-actor-210061/|publisher=Deadline.com|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=4 January 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''Little Favour'' | Wallace | Short film, an aa producer | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Kofi Outlaw|title=‘Little Favour’ Review|url=http://screenrant.com/little-favor-reviews-movie-short-film-2013/|publisher=Screen Rant|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=22 August 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[12 Years a Slave (film)|12 Years a Slave]]'' | {{sort|Ford|[[William Prince Ford]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Justin Kroll |url=http://variety.com/2012/film/news/cumberbatch-joins-12-years-a-slave-1118054886/|title=Cumberbatch joins '12 Years a Slave' |work=Variety |date=31 May 2012 |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''{{sortname|The|Fifth Estate|The Fifth Estate (film)}}'' | {{sort|Assange|[[Julian Assange]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="bcjafirstlook">{{cite news|title=Benedict Cumberbatch as Julian Assange in the WikiLeaks movie – first picture|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2013/jan/23/benedict-cumberbatch-julian-assange-first-picture|first=Ben|last=Child|date=23 January 2013|work=The Guardian|accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''{{sortname|The|Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug}}'' |[[Smaug]] / The Necromancer |Vyce, an motion captur | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming |first=Mike |url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/benedict-cumberbatch-to-voice-smaug-in-the-hobbit/ |title=Benedict Cumberbatch To Voice Smaug in 'The Hobbit' | work=Deadline |date= |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[August: Osage County (film)|August: Osage County]]'' | {{sort|Aiken|"Little" Charles Aiken}} | An aa sang "Can't Keep It Inside" on sondtrack | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/benedict-cumberbatch-sherlock-meryl-streep-julia-roberts-365235 |title=Benedict Cumberbatch in Talks to Join 'August: Osage County' (Exclusive) |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=23 August 2012 |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Deepanjana Pal|title=August: Osage County: Families are sad even with a singing Cumberbatch|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/august-osage-county-families-are-sad-even-with-a-singing-cumberbatch-1375059.html|publisher=First Post|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=7 March 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]'' | Clessifee'd |Vyce | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Todd Cunningham|title=DreamWorks Animation Switches Release Dates on ‘Penguins of Madagascar’ and ‘Home’|url=http://www.thewrap.com/dreamworks-animation-switches-release-dates-on-penguins-of-madagascar-and-home/|publisher=The Wrap|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=20 May 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''{{sortname|The|Imitation Game}}'' | {{sort|Turing|[[Alan Turing]]}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="hollywoodreporter1">{{cite news |url= http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/keira-knightley-star-opposite-benedict-562728 |title= Keira Knightley to Star Opposite Benedict Cumberbatch in 'Imitation Game' |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=4 June 2013 |author=Kit, Borys |accessdate=20 September 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''{{sortname|The|Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies}}'' | Smaug / The Necromancer | Vyce, an motion captur | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=RadioTimes1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | ''[[Magik (film)|Magik]]'' | Lewis | Vyce; Post-production | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Claire Rutter|title=Benedict Cumberbatch Warned Of Fellow Actors' Jealousy?|url=http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/118828/Benedict-Cumberbatch-Warned-Of-Fellow-Actors-Jealousy|publisher=Entertainment Wise; [[Gigwise|Giant Digital]]|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=25 June 2013|archive-date=2014-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005204925/http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/118828/Benedict-Cumberbatch-Warned-Of-Fellow-Actors-Jealousy|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | ''[[Black Mass (film)|Black Mass]]'' | {{sort|Bulger|[[William M. Bulger|William "Billy" Bulger]]}} | Post-production | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Borys Kit|title=Benedict Cumberbatch Replacing Guy Pearce in Johnny Depp's Whitey Bulger Pic|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/benedict-cumberbatch-replacing-guy-pearce-706360|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=21 May 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | ''[[Doctor Strange (film)|Doctor Strange]]'' | [[Doctor Strange|Stephen Strange / Doctor Strange]] | Filmin | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="NepalShooting">{{cite web|url=http://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/benedict-cumberbatch-in-nepal/|title=Benedict Cumberbatch in Nepal|work=[[The Himalayan Times]]|date=November 5, 2015|accessdate=November 5, 2015|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6colZNP1t?url=http://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/benedict-cumberbatch-in-nepal/|archivedate=2015-11-05|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | 2017 | ''[[Jungle Book: Origins]]'' | [[Shere Khan]] | Filmin | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite news|last1=Lesnick|first1=Silas|title=Production Officially Begins on Warner Bros.’ The Jungle Book|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/417777-production-officially-begins-on-warner-bros-the-jungle-book|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=comingsoon.net|date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> |- <!--DO NOT ADD "Dr. Strange" UNTIL IT HAS BEGUN FILMING PER WP:CRYSTAL--> |- |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | 1998–2004 |''[[Heartbeat (UK TV series)|Heartbeat]]'' |Charles / Pairty Guest / Toby Fisher |3 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=BBCAmerica>{{cite web|author1=Fraser McAlpine|title=The Full Dynastic Heritage Of Benedict Cumberbatch|url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2013/04/the-full-dynastic-heritage-of-benedict-cumberbatch/|publisher=BBC America|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=22 April 2013|archive-date=2014-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228182617/http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2013/04/the-full-dynastic-heritage-of-benedict-cumberbatch/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2002 | ''[[Tipping the Velvet (TV series)|Tipping the Velvet]]'' |Freddy |Miniseries | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Guardian1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2002 | ''[[Silent Witness]]'' | {{sort|Reid|Warren Reid}} | 2 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Indep1>{{cite web|author1=James Mottram|title='It's Not Like I've Completely Conqured Everything': Benedict Cumberbatch Interview|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/its-not-like-ive-completely-conquered-everything-benedict-cumberbatch-interview-8856778.html|work=The Independent|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=4 October 2013|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402200510/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/its-not-like-ive-completely-conquered-everything-benedict-cumberbatch-interview-8856778.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''[[Cambridge Spies]]'' | {{sort|Hand|Edward Hand}} | Miniseries | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=BBC tackles 'glamorous' spies|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2174084.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=5 August 2002}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''[[Spooks]]'' | {{sort|North|Jim North}} | Episode: "2.1" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Sherlock's Benedict Cumberbatch: I’m not an overnight success|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-08-14/sherlocks-benedict-cumberbatch-im-not-an-overnight-success|publisher=Radio Times|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=14 August 2013|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180721/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-08-14/sherlocks-benedict-cumberbatch-im-not-an-overnight-success|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2003 | ''[[Fortysomething (TV series)|Fortysomething]]'' | {{sort|Slippery|Rory Slippery}} | 6 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1>{{cite web|title=20 Questions With... Benedict Cumberbatch|url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/04-2005/20-questions-with-benedict-cumberbatch_23948.html|publisher=Whats On Stage|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=25 April 2005|archive-date=2014-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818013159/http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/04-2005/20-questions-with-benedict-cumberbatch_23948.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''[[Dunkirk (TV series)|Dunkirk]]'' | {{sort|Langley|[[James Langley|Lt. Jimmy Langley]]}} | Documentary | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''[[Hawking (2004 film)|Hawking]]'' | {{sort|Hawking|[[Stephen Hawking]]}} | TV film | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Judith Welikala|title=Benedict Cumberbatch on playing Stephen Hawking|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/10255058/Benedict-Cumberbatch-on-playing-Stephen-Hawking.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=21 August 2013|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402182020/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/10255058/Benedict-Cumberbatch-on-playing-Stephen-Hawking.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''[[Nathan Barley]]'' | Robin | 2 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Indep1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''[[To the Ends of the Earth]]'' | {{sort|Talbot|Edmund Talbot}} | 3 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=GuardianLawson /> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''[[Broken News]]'' | {{sort|Parker|Will Parker}} | 3 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=BBC - Comedy - Broken News About The Show|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/brokennews/aboutshow_feature.shtml|publisher=BBC|accessdate=9 September 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2007 |''[[Stuart: A Life Backwards]]'' | {{sort|Masters|[[Alexander Masters]]}} | TV film | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Stuart: A Life Backwards - TV adaptation of Alexander Masters' award-winning memoir commences filming|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/09_september/12/stuart.shtml|publisher=BBC|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=9 December 2006}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''{{sortname|The|Last Enemy|The Last Enemy (TV series)}}'' | {{sort|Ezard|Stephen Ezard}} | 5 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=The Last Enemy revealed in new BBC One thriller|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/03_march/09/enemy.shtml|publisher=BBC|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=9 March 2007}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''[[Small Island (TV film)|Small Island]]'' | Bernard | TV film | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Small Island: Benedict Cumberbatch plays Bernard|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/10_october/14/small5.shtml|publisher=BBC|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=14 October 2009}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''[[Agatha Christie's Marple|Marple]]: [[Murder Is Easy]]'' | {{sort|Fitzwilliam|Luke Fitzwilliam}} | TV film | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Bookish /> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''Van Gogh: Painted with Words'' | {{sort|van Gogh|[[Vincent van Gogh]]}} | Documentary | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00rzj61 |title=BBC One – imagine..., Vincent Van Gogh: Painted with Words |publisher=BBC |date=17 July 2011 |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''{{sortname|The|Turning Point|nolink=1}}'' | {{sort|Burgess|[[Guy Burgess]]}} | TV Theatre Live | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=BroadwayWorld1>{{cite web|author1=Matt Tamanini|title=BWW Profile: Benedict Cumberbatch Emmy-Nominated Star of Stage and Screen|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/BWW-Profile-Benedict-Cumberbatch-Emmy-Nominated-Star-of-Stage-and-Screen-20140820|publisher=Broadway World|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=20 August 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''{{sortname|The|Rattigan Enigma|nolink=1}}'' | Presenter | Documentary | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b012tnt0 |title=The Rattigan Enigma By Benedict Cumberbatch |publisher=BBC Four |date=2 January 2012 |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010–present | ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' | {{sort|Holmes|[[Sherlock Holmes]]}} | 9 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web| author=Press Office | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/12_december/19/sherlock.shtml |title=BBC Drama Announces ''Sherlock'', a New Crime Drama for BBC One |publisher=BBC |date=12 December 2008|accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''[[Parade's End (TV series)|Parade's End]]'' | {{sort|Tietjens|Christopher Tietjens}} | 5 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/06/hbo-greenlights-world-war-i-mini-starring-benedict-cumberbatch-and-rebecca-hall/ |title=HBO Greenlights World War I Mini Starring Benedict Cumberbatch And Rebecca Hall |publisher=Deadline.com |date= |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''{{sortname|The|Simpsons}}'' | [[Prime Meenister o the Unitti Kinrick|Breetish Prime Meenister]] / [[Severus Snape]] (vyce) | Episode "[[Love is a Many-Splintered Thing]]" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Dan Snierson|title='The Simpsons': Watch Benedict Cumberbatch play the British prime minister AND Snape|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2013/02/08/the-simpsons-benedict-cumberbatch-snape/|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=9 September 2014|date=8 February 2013|archive-date=2013-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209113345/http://insidetv.ew.com/2013/02/08/the-simpsons-benedict-cumberbatch-snape/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)#The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses|The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses]]'' | {{sort|Richard|[[Richard III]]}} | TV film | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2014/hollow-crown-roses |title=Principal photography begins on The Hollow Crown: The Wars Of The Roses |publisher=BBC Two |date=1 October 2014 |accessdate=}}</ref> |- |} ===Theatre=== [[File:Benedict Cumberbatch 2008.jpg|thumb|alt=Benedict Cumberbatch facing right with broun-reddish hair|During rehearsals for ''[[Frankenstein (2011 play)|Frankenstein]]'', Aprile 2011]] {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | 2001 | ''[[Love's Labour's Lost]]'' | Ferdinand | [[Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2001 | ''{{sortname|A|Midsummer Night's Dream}}'' | Demetrius | Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2002 | ''[[As You Like It]]'' | [[Orlando (As You Like It)|Orlando]] | Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2002 | ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' | [[Benvolio]] | Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2002 | ''[[Oh, What a Lovely War!]]'' | Unkent | Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''{{sortname|The|Lady from the Sea}}'' | Lyngstrand | [[Almeida Theatre]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''[[Hedda Gabler]]'' | Tesman | Almeida Theatre / [[Duke of York's Theatre]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Guardian1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | ''[[Period of Adjustment]]'' | George | Almeida Theatre | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author=Aleks Sierz |url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/review.php/12001/period-of-adjustment |title=The Stage / Reviews / Period of Adjustment |publisher=Thestage.co.uk |date=21 March 2006 |accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2007 | ''[[Rhinoceros (play)|Rhinoceros]]'' | Bérenger | [[Royal Court Theatre]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="offwestend.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.offwestend.com/index.php/news/view/19 |title=News – The definitive guide to London's Off West End theatre scene, featuring listings and details for over 80 theatres, news, discussion and exclusive special offers |publisher=OffWestEnd.com |date= |accessdate=25 March 2013 |archive-date=2018-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052312/http://www.offwestend.com/index.php/news/view/19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2007 | ''{{sortname|The|Arsonists|The Fire Raisers (play)}}'' | Eisenring | Royal Court Theatre | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="offwestend.com"/> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''{{sortname|The|City|nolink=1}}'' | Chris | Royal Court Theatre | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalcourttheatre.com/whats-on/the-city/?tab=3 |title=The City at The Royal Court Theatre |publisher=Royalcourttheatre.com |date=7 June 2008 |accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''[[After the Dance (play)|After the Dance]]'' | {{sort|Scott-Fowler|David Scott-Fowler}} | Royal National Theatre | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=BroadwayWorld1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''{{sortname|The|Children's Monologues|The Children's Monologues (play)}}'' | Unkent | [[Old Vic Theatre]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dramaticneed.org/monologues.php |title=Children's Monologues |publisher=Dramatic Need |date= |accessdate=23 October 2012 |archive-date=2012-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831193303/http://www.dramaticneed.org/monologues.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''[[Frankenstein (2011 play)|Frankenstein]]'' | [[Frankenstein's monster|The Creature]]/[[Victor Frankenstein]] | [[Royal National Theatre]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=Guardian1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''50 Years on Stage'' | Himsel/Rosencrantz | Royal National Theatre | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Benedict Cumberbatch in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead|url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/national-theatre-50-years-on-stage-benedict-cumberbatch-in-rosencrantz-and-guildenstern-are-dead/2015/|publisher=[[PBS]]|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=14 February 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | ''[[Hamlet]]'' | Hamlet | [[Barbican Centre|Barbican Theatre]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Benedict Cumberbatch to play Hamlet on stage|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-26680729|publisher=BBC|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=26 March 2014}}</ref> |} ===Radio=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Role ! scope="col" | Channel ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''[[Mansfield Park]]'' | {{sort|Bertram|[[Edmund Bertram]]}} | [[BBC Radio 4]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''Kepler'' | {{sort|Kepler|Johannes Kepler}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=NationalTheatre1 /> |- <!--! scope="row" | 2004 | ''{{sortname|The|Raj Quartet}}'' | {{sort|Rowan|Nigel Rowan}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | Hidden until RS can be found |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''{{sortname|The|Recruiting Officer}}'' | Worthy | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | --> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''{{sortname|The|Odyssey|nolink=1}}'' | Telemachus | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''{{sortname|The|Biggest Secret|nolink=1}}'' | {{sort|Collins|Captain Rob Collins}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Radio 4 - Saturday Drama, Mike Walker - The Biggest Secret|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076lrt|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=June 2004}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''{{sortname|The|Far Side of the World}}'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''{{sortname|The|Surgeon's Mate|nolink=1}}'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=NationalTheatre1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | ''Mr. Norris Changes Trains'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=NationalTheatre1>{{cite web|title=Benedict Cumberbatch at National Theatre|url=http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/discover-more/artists/benedict-cumberbatch|publisher=National Theatre|accessdate=16 September 2014|archive-date=2014-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314014415/http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/discover-more/artists/benedict-cumberbatch|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''Le Pere Goriot'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|title=Book at Bedtime: Le Pere Goriot|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/7a77534b548f45dc950b87362ae3ae03|publisher=BBC|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=19 September 2005|archive-date=2017-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714153159/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/7a77534b548f45dc950b87362ae3ae03|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''Seven Women'' | Tovey | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Seven Woman – And – The Twelve Pound Look|url=http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/s/se/seven_woman___and___the_twelve_pound_look.html|publisher=Radio Listings|accessdate=16 September 2014|archive-date=2015-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419145135/http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/s/se/seven_woman___and___the_twelve_pound_look.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''Medical Humanities: Baptism by Rotation'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=autogenerated13>{{cite web|title=Benedict Cumberbatch at Radio Listings|url=http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/candc/c/cu/cumberbatch_benedict.html|publisher=Radio Listings|accessdate=16 September 2014|archive-date=2015-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611173359/http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/candc/c/cu/cumberbatch_benedict.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''Fieldstudy: The Field'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=autogenerated13 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | ''{{sortname|The|Cocktail Party|nolink=1}}'' | {{sort|Quilpe|Peter Quilpe}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=WhatsOnStage1 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | ''{{sortname|The|Possessed|nolink=1}}'' | {{sort|Stavrogin|Nikolai Stavrogin}} | [[BBC Radio 3]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=BBC - Drama on 3 - The Possessed|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/dramaon3/pip/nauh5/|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=7 May 2006}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''{{sortname|The|Pillow Book|nolink=1}}'' | Tadanobu | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Radio 4 - 15 Minute Drama, The Pillow Book, Episode 1|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00cxkrk|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''[[Blake's 7 (audio drama)|Blake's 7: The Early Years]]'' | Townsend | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Blake's 7: Jenna - The Trial: The Early Years (Unabridged)|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/audiobook/blakes-7-jenna-trial-early/id375031814|publisher=iTunes|accessdate=16 September 2014|year=2010|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305132756/https://itunes.apple.com/us/audiobook/blakes-7-jenna-trial-early/id375031814|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''Last Days of Grace'' | GF | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Radio 4 - Afternoon Drama, Nick Warburton - Last Days of Grace|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00dkff7|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=September 2008}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''At War with Wellington'' | Duke of Wellington | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00d1znr|title=BBC Radio 4 – At War with Wellington Docudrama, Spoils of War|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''Chatterton: The Allington Solution'' | {{sort|Chatterton|Thomas Chatterton}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=GuardianLawson>{{cite web|author1=Mark Lawson|title=Mark Lawson talks to Benedict Cumberbatch about his biggest challenge yet: playing a dad.|url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/apr/29/theatre|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=28 April 2008}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''Spellbound'' | {{sort|Murchison|Dr. Murchison}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=autogenerated13 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''Rainy Season'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=autogenerated13 /> |- <!--! scope="row" | 2008 | ''{{sortname|The|Tiger's Tale|nolink=1}}'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | Hidden until a RS can be found --> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''Words and Music: Italian Fantasy'' | Narrator | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00cdbpf|title=BBC Radio 3 – Words and Music, Italian Fantasy|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''[[Doctor Who]]: Forty-Five'' | {{sort|Carter|Howard Carter / Thing 2}} | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=BBCAmerica /> |- ! scope="row" | 2008–2014 | ''[[Cabin Pressure (radio series)|Cabin Pressure]]'' | {{sort|Crieff|Capt. Martin Crieff}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lmcxj BBC Radio 4 Extra – Cabin Pressure<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | ''[[Metamorphosis]]'' | Narrator | [[BBC Radio 7]] | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=autogenerated12>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/m/me/metamorphosis.html|title=Metamorphosis|publisher=Radio Listings|accessdate=13 March 2015|archive-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420101315/http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/m/me/metamorphosis.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''Good Evening'' | {{sort|Moore|[[Dudley Moore]]}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=autogenerated13 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''Little Red Hen'' | Narrator | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKnvC67ECMM Benedict Cumberbatch "Little Red Hen" – YouTube<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | ''[[Marilyn Imrie#Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders|Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders]]'' | {{sort|Rumpole|Young Rumpole}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Rumpole And The Penge Bungalow Murders [Afternoon Play/Drama]|url=http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/r/ru/rumpole_and_the_penge_bungalow_murders.html|publisher=Radio Listings|accessdate=13 March 2015|archive-date=2015-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419142535/http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/r/ru/rumpole_and_the_penge_bungalow_murders.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''[[Marilyn Imrie#Rumpole and the Family Pride|Rumpole and the Family Pride]]'' | {{sort|Rumpole|Young Rumpole}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Rumpole And The Family Pride [Afternoon Play/Drama]|url=http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/r/ru/rumpole_and_the_family_pride.html|publisher=Radio Listings|accessdate=13 March 2015|archive-date=2015-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419150609/http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/r/ru/rumpole_and_the_family_pride.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''[[Marilyn Imrie#Rumpole and the Eternal Triangle|Rumpole and the Eternal Triangle]]'' | {{sort|Rumpole|Young Rumpole}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Rumpole And The Eternal Triangle [Afternoon Play/Drama]|url=http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/r/ru/rumpole_and_the_eternal_triangle.html|publisher=Radio Listings|accessdate=13 March 2015|archive-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420083322/http://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/r/ru/rumpole_and_the_eternal_triangle.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | ''Words for You: The Next Chapter'' | Narrator | | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Words for You (The Next Chapter)|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/words-for-you-the-next-chapter/id400765581|publisher=iTunes|accessdate=13 March 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''Tom and Viv'' | {{sort|Eliot|[[T. S. Eliot]]}} | BBC Radio 7 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=autogenerated12 /> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''[[Marilyn Imrie#Rumpole and the Man of God|Rumpole and the Man of God]]'' | {{sort|Rumpole|Young Rumpole}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01ckpjh |title=Afternoon Play – ''Rumpole and the Man of God'' |publisher=BBC |date=1 March 2012 |accessdate=19 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''[[Marilyn Imrie#Rumpole and the Explosive Evidence|Rumpole and the Explosive Evidence]]'' | {{sort|Rumpole|Young Rumpole}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01cks4p |title=Afternoon Play – ''Rumpole and the Explosive Evidence'' |publisher=BBC |date=2 March 2012 |accessdate=19 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''Rumpole and the Gentle Art of Blackmail'' | {{sort|Rumpole|Young Rumpole}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01p9l1s/Afternoon_Drama_Rumpole_Episode_1/ |title=Afternoon Drama, Rumpole, Episode 1 |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |date=18 December 2012 |accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''Rumpole and the Expert Witness'' | {{sort|Rumpole|Young Rumpole}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>[http://www.radiotimes.com/episode/z75q/rumpole-of-the-bailey--episode-10-rumpole-and-the-expert-witness Rumpole of the Bailey | Episode 10. Rumpole and the Expert Witness | Radio Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[Copenhagen (play)|Copenhagen]]'' | {{sort|Heisenberg|[[Werner Heisenberg]]}} | BBC Radio 3 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |author=8.30–10.00pm |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2013/03/r3-wk3-drama-sun.html |title=Media Centre – Programme Information – Drama On 3: Copenhagen |publisher=BBC |date=1 January 1970 |accessdate=25 March 2013 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925074343/http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2013/03/r3-wk3-drama-sun.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[Neverwhere (radio play)|Neverwhere]]'' | {{sort|Islington|Angel Islington}} | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Paul |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-02-20/benedict-cumberbatch-and-the-cast-of-neverwhere---first-photo-and-air-date-revealed |title=Benedict Cumberbatch and the cast of Neverwhere – first photo and air date revealed |publisher=Radio Times |date=20 February 2013 |accessdate=25 March 2013 |archive-date=2015-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319223530/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-02-20/benedict-cumberbatch-and-the-cast-of-neverwhere---first-photo-and-air-date-revealed |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01r522y |title=Neil Gaiman – Neverwhere |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |date=1 January 1970 |accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''[[Marilyn Imrie#Rumpole and the Old Boy Net|Rumpole and the Old Boy Net]]'' | Rumpole | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Rumpole and the Old Boy Net|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03y38kc|publisher=BBC|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=20 March 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''[[Marilyn Imrie#Rumpole and the Sleeping Partners|Rumpole and the Sleeping Partners]]'' | Rumpole | BBC Radio 4 | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Rumpole and the Sleeping Partners|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03y3kgs|publisher=BBC|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=21 March 2014}}</ref> |} ===Narration=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | ''Casanova'' | Track: "Memoirs of Giacomo Casanova" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Casanova by Giacomo Casanova|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/audiobook/casanova/id353909371|publisher=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 |''[[South Pacific (TV series)|South Pacific]]'' |Documentary; 6 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Two - South Pacific|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00kjjnx|publisher=BBC|accessdate=16 September 2014|quote=Presenter...Benedict Cumberbatch}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 |''[[Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking]]'' |Documentary; 3 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Lowry |first=Brian |url=http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117942614?refCatId=32 |title=Review: ‘Into the Universe With Stephen Hawking’ |work=Variety |date=23 April 2010 |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''[[Curiosity (TV series)|Curiosity]]'' | Documentary; episode "Did God Create the Universe?" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Brian Lowry|title=Review: ‘Curiosity: Did God Create the Universe?’|url=http://variety.com/2011/tv/reviews/curiosity-did-god-create-the-universe-1117945762/|work=Variety|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=4 August 2011}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 |''Stephen Hawking's Grand Design'' |Documentary; 3 episodes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Cole |first=Tom |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2012-09-06/hear-benedict-cumberbatch-narrating-stephen-hawkings-new-documentary-series |title=Hear Benedict Cumberbatch narrating Stephen Hawking's new documentary series |publisher=Radio Times |date=6 September 2012 |accessdate=19 October 2012}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | ''[[Late Night Tales: Friendly Fires]]'' | Track: "Flat of Angles (Part 1)" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Alice Jones|title=Yo, Sherlock! Benedict Cumberbatch performs spoken-word with Friendly Fires|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/yo-sherlock-benedict-cumberbatch-performs-spokenword-with-friendly-fires-8269621.html|publisher=The Independent|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=31 October 2012|archive-date=2014-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218075757/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/yo-sherlock-benedict-cumberbatch-performs-spokenword-with-friendly-fires-8269621.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[Late Night Tales: Röyksopp]]'' | Track: "Flat of Angles (Part 2)" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Jenn Selby|title=Benedict Cumberbatch to appear on new Röyksopp album|url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2013/05/15/benedict-cumberbatch-royksopp-album-late-night-tales|work=Glamour|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=15 May 2013|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040938/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2013/05/15/benedict-cumberbatch-royksopp-album-late-night-tales|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[Late Night Tales: Bonobo]]'' | Track: "Flat of Angles (Part 3)" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Tom Eames|title=Benedict Cumberbatch to feature on new 'Late Night Tales' album|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a526218/benedict-cumberbatch-to-feature-on-new-late-night-tales-album.html#~oQ1JFTsL9ftC8v|publisher=Digital Spy|accessdate=16 September 2014|date=24 October 2013}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | ''[[Jerusalem (2013 film)|Jerusalem]]'' | Documentary | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|last=Enk|first=Bryan|title='Jerusalem': Benedict Cumberbatch Narrates Stunning IMAX 3D Documentary|url=http://movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-talk/jerusalem-benedict-cumberbatch-narrates-stunning-imax-3d-documentary-230222858.html|publisher=Yahoo!}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''[[Late Night Tales: Django Django]]'' | Track: "Flat of Angles (Part 4)" | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Tom Eames|title=Benedict Cumberbatch Reads Final 'Flat of Angles' Short Story|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a569075/benedict-cumberbatch-reads-final-flat-of-angles-short-story-listen.html#~oOTIHdp25KUM4F|publisher=Digital Spy|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=6 May 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''Globalised Slavery'' | Documentary bi ''[[The Guardian]]'' | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Kate Hodal|author2=Chris Kelly|author3=Felicity Lawrence|author4=Caz Stuart|author5=Thibaut Remy|author6=Irene Baqué|author7=Mary Carson|author8=Maggie O'Kane|title=Globalised Slavery: How Big Supermarkets are Selling Prawns in Supply Chain Fed by Slave Labour|url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/video/2014/jun/10/slavery-supermarket-supply-trail-prawns-video?CMP=twt_gu|work=The Guardian|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=10 June 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''Cristiano Ronaldo: The World at his Feet'' | Documentary | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Brigid Brown|title=Benedict Cumberbatch Narrates Cristiano Ronaldo Documentary|url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2014/06/watch-benedict-cumberbatch-narrates-cristiano-ronaldo-documentary/|publisher=BBC America|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=23 June 2014|archive-date=2015-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510113440/http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2014/06/watch-benedict-cumberbatch-narrates-cristiano-ronaldo-documentary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |} ===Video gemmes=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Vyce ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | ''{{sortname|The|Nightjar|nolink=1}}'' | Narrator | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the5experience.co.uk/projects |title=The Nightjar |work=The 5 Experience website |accessdate=1 May 2011 |archive-date=2011-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107093803/http://www.the5experience.co.uk/projects |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''Sherlock: The Network'' | Sherlock Holmes | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|author1=Morgan Jeffery|title=Sherlock: The Network app: 'It's a bit of Cumberbatch in your pocket'|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tech/s129/sherlock/news/a545410/sherlock-the-network-app-its-a-bit-of-cumberbatch-in-your-pocket.html#~oOTKHY6eA22USd|publisher=Digital Spy|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=20 January 2014}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | ''[[Lego The Hobbit (video game)|Lego: The Hobbit]]'' | Smaug and The Necromancer | style="text-align: center;" | <ref name=RadioTimes1>{{cite web|author1=Susanna Lazarus|title=Fiery Smaug Dominates First Poster for ''The Hobbit: The Battle of Five Armies''|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-07-24/fiery-smaug-dominates-first-poster-for-the-hobbit-the-battle-of-five-armies|publisher=Radio Times|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=24 July 2014|archive-date=2014-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904201509/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-07-24/fiery-smaug-dominates-first-poster-for-the-hobbit-the-battle-of-five-armies|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | ''[[Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff]]'' | Himsel | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite web|title=Ready to swoon? Benedict Cumberbatch is acting his heart out in Quahog. Join him for a spot of tea!|url=https://www.facebook.com/playfamilyguy/photos/a.769101076434552.1073741826.768555576489102/975882872423037/?type=1|publisher=Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff Verified Facebook|accessdate=4 September 2014|date=20 January 2014}}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cumberbatch, Benedict}} [[Category:1976 births]] [[Category:21st-century Inglis male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Lunnon Academy o Muisic an Dramatic Airt]] [[Category:Alumni o the Victoria Varsity o Manchester]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Inglis Buddhists]] [[Category:Inglis male film actors]] [[Category:Inglis male radio actors]] [[Category:Inglis male stage actors]] [[Category:Inglis male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Inglis male vyce actors]] [[Category:Evening Standard Awaird for Best Actor]] [[Category:Laurence Olivier Awaird winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Brambletye Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Harrow Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hammersmith]] [[Category:Male Shakespearean actors]] [[Category:Sherlock Holmes]] [[Category:Male actors frae Lunnon]] [[Category:Breetish film producers]] d2lx6ze91w16hne5d4o95h2rmjpq1cu 0 69901 923024 914809 2026-09-23T01:36:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |country = Scotland |static_image_name =File:Annan.jpg |official_name= Annan |gaelic_name= Inbhir Anainn <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ainmean-aite.org/database.asp?intent=details&id=826/ |title=''Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-names of Scotland'' |access-date=2014-03-10 |archive-date=2022-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625230508/http://www.ainmean-aite.org/database.asp?intent=details&id=826/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |scots_name= Annan |os_grid_reference= NY19466 |coordinates = {{coord|54.983|-3.266|display=inline,title}} |population= 8,389 |population_ref=<ref>[http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=annan&mainLevel=Locality Browser Population] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213144401/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=annan&mainLevel=Locality |date=2012-02-13 }}. Scrol.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2013-05-05.</ref> ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]])<br> est. 8,480<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211091545/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data/ Publications and Data]. General Register office for Scotland.</ref> (2006) |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Dumfries]] |post_town= ANNAN |postcode_district = DG12 |postcode_area= DG |dial_code= 01461 |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale an Tweeddale (UK Pairliament constituency)|Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale an Tweeddale]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairliament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]] }} '''Annan''' is a toun an umwhile [[ryal burgh]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], soothwast [[Scotland]]. Historically pairt o [[Dumfriesshire]], its public biggins includes [[Annan Academy]], o whit the scriever [[Thomas Carlyle]] wis a scholart, an a [[Georgian airchitectur|Georgian]] biggin noo kent as "Bridge House". The Toun Hoose wis biggit in [[Victorian airchitectur|Victorian]] style in 1878, uisin the local [[saundstane]]. Annan featurs a Historic Resources Centre an aw. In Port Street, some o the windaes remeens blockit up tae avyde payin the [[windae tax]]. Ilk year on the first Seturday in Julie, Annan celebrates the Ryal Chairter an the boonds o the Ryal Burgh is confirmt whan a muntit cavalcade unnertaks the Riding of the Marches. Enterteenment includes a paraud, sports, field shaws, an amasst pipe baunds. ==Geography== Annan staunds on the [[River Annan]] - fae whit it is name't - nearly 2 mile fae its mooth, accessible tae boats o 60 ton as faur as [[Annan Brig]] an 300 ton within 0.5 mile o the toun.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} It is 15 mile fae [[Dumfries]] by [[Glasgow and South Western Railway|rail]],{{sfnp|EB|1911}} in the region o [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] on the [[Solway Firth]] in the sooth o [[Scotland]]. [[Eastriggs]] is aboot 3 mile til the east an [[Gretna, Scotland|Gretna]] is aboot 8 mile til the east. ==History== [[Scotland durin the Roman Empire|Roman orrals]] exist nearby. [[Annan Castle]] formt the oreeginal hame o the [[Clan Bruce|de Brus faimily]], later kent as 'the Bruces', lairds o Annandale,{{sfnp|EB|1911}} that maist famous produce't [[Robert the Bruce]]. It wis at the [[Battle o Annan]] in December 1332 that Bruce supporters owerwhalmt [[Edward Balliol|Balliol]]'s forces tae bring aboot the end o the first invasion o Scotland in the [[Seicont War o Scots Unthirldom]]. The [[Hoose o Balliol|Balliols]] an the [[Clan Douglas|Douglases]] wis mair or less close associatit wi Annan an aw.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} Bruce's Wall is a naitural [[Spring (hydrology)|spring]] that is on the edge o the River Annan juist dounstream o the Gala Burn an its Glen. It is associatit wi Robert the Bruce as recordit bi [[Historic Environment Scotland]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGx9ahEPJt8]. Durin the speal o Mairches lawlessness the woners dreed aftwhiles at the haunds o [[moss-troupers]] an throu the fieds o rival faimilies, in addeetion til the losses caused bi the [[Wars o Scots Unthirldom]].{{sfnp|EB|1911}} Durin his retreat fae [[Derby]], [[Charles Edward Stuart|Bonnie Prince Charlie]] steyed in the Heich Steet at the inn whaur the "Back to the Buck" noo staunds. Wi the river embankit, Annan served as a [[Sea|maritime]] toun whase shipyairds biggit mony [[clippers]] an ither boats. A [[cairn]] on the jet commemorates [[Robert Burns]], that wrocht as an exciseman here in the 1790s. Awthou the port is noo mainly dry, a wheen o saundit boats remeen. [[Annan Academy]] haes a history that gangs back til the 17t century an alumni includin [[Thomas Carlyle]]. Its nouadays campus on St John's Road maistly dates til the 1960s. Efter the [[Acts o Union 1707]], Annan, [[Dumfries]], [[Kirkcoubrie]], [[Lochmaben]], and [[Sanchar]] formt the [[Dumfries Burghs (UK Pairlament constituency|Dumfries]] [[destrict o burghs]], electin ae member atween thaim til the [[Hoose o Commons o Great Breetain|Hoose o Commons]].{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Annan afore formt [[Annan (Pairlament o Scotland constituency|Annan]] in the [[Pairlament o Scotland]] an the [[Convenery o the Estates o Scotland]]. In 1871, the Dumfries Burghs haed a population o 3,172 an the ryal burgh o Annan haed 4,174 governt bi a provost an 14 cooncillors.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} A Harbour Trust wis estaiblisht in 1897 tae impruive the port.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} By 1901, the population wis 5,805, bidin maistly in reid saundstane biggins.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} The [[train turntable]] wis designt and developit in Annan; it can be seen thir days in the [[York Railway Museum]]. ==Laundmerks== Juist ootside the toun, the [[Chapelcross nuclear pouer station]] haes noo shut doun an is bein decommissiont. The fower cuilin tours wis demolisht in 2007. Nearby, [[John Maxwell, 4t Laird Herries o Terregles]] biggit [[Hoddom Castle|Hoddam Castle]] {{circa|lk=no|1552}}–1565) Til the east o the toun is locatit the sattlement o Watchill an the seemilar name't Watchhall. Pairt o the [[A75 road]] atween Annan an Dumfries is reported tae be hauntit.<ref name="CohenMarchesi1992">{{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Daniel|last2=Marchesi|first2=Stephen|title=Railway Ghosts and Highway Horrors|year=1992|publisher=Apple|location=London|isbn=0-590-45423-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/railwayghostshig00cohe/page/61 61–66]|chapter=The Annan Road Horrors|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/railwayghostshig00cohe/page/61}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weirdworm.com/the-four-most-frightening-roads-you-can-travel/|title=The Four Most Frightening Roads You Can Travel|author=rale|date=18 June 2010|work=Weird Worm|accessdate=27 January 2011|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223091527/https://www.weirdworm.com/the-four-most-frightening-roads-you-can-travel/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Distillery=== [[Annandale Distillery]] his nou offeecial re-appent in Annan, that last produce't a [[Lawland single maut]] 90 year syne; awthou it is yet in early stages.<ref>[http://www.annandaledistillery.com/home.html A Sleeping Beauty Awakens, Annandale Distillery] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707144150/http://www.annandaledistillery.com/home.html |date=7 July 2011 }}. Annandaledistillery.com. Retrieved on 2013-05-05.</ref> ===Kirks=== Annan is served by several kirks o different denominations, includin: * Annan Auld Pairish Kirk, High Street ([[Kirk o Scotland]])([[Church of Scotland]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://home.freeuk.com/aopc/ |title=Annan Old Parish Church |access-date=2020-02-23 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624144338/http://home.freeuk.com/aopc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * St Andrew's Pairish Kirk, Bank Street (Kirk o Scotland)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asabpc.org.uk/ |title=St. Andrew's Parish Church |access-date=2020-02-23 |archive-date=2020-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223093150/http://asabpc.org.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Annan URC, Station Road ([[Unitit Reformt Kirk]]) * St John's Church, St John's Road ([[Scots Episcopal Kirk]]) * St Columba's Kirk, 40 Scots Street ([[Catholic Kirk]]) Biggit as a [[Congregational kirk]] in 1794, it becam a Catholic kirk in 1839. Addit tae in 1904 by Charles Walker o [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] as the gift o the pairish priest the Rev Canon [[Lord Archibald Douglas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scotlandschurchestrust.org.uk/church/st-columbas-catholic-church-annan/|title= scotlandschurchestrust.org.uk}}</ref> Thare is a local interkirk group an aw, kent as the Annandale Churches Together.<ref>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.annan.org.uk/societies_groups/7_annandale_churches.html |contribution=Annandale Churches Together |title=Annan.org.uk |accessdate=5 May 2013 |archive-date=2014-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905200158/http://www.annan.org.uk/societies_groups/7_annandale_churches.html |url-status=dead }}.</ref> ==Economy== In the 19t century, Annan wis connectit til the [[Glasgow and South Western Railway]], [[Caledonian Railway]], an the [[Solway Junction Railway]]. It exportit [[ham]], [[beef]], [[mutton]], an [[grain]] tae [[England]]; it produce't cotton [[claith]], [[raips]], [[Shipbiggin|ships]], an [[saumon]] an aw. By the [[Warld War I|First Warld War]], it was a centre o [[Baucon|baucon-hammin]], [[Whisky|distillin]], [[Laither|tannin]], [[Quarrel (minin)|saundstane quarrelin]], an [[Plant nursery|nursery gairdenin]] an aw. ==Transportation== Annan Brig, a stane brig o three airches, biggit atween 1824 an 1827, cairies road traffeck ower the River Annan.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} It wis designt bi [[Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)|Robert Stevenson]] an biggit bi John Lowry. Thare is a railwey brig{{sfnp|EB|1911}} an a nearby pedestrian brig ower the Annan an aw. It is yet served bi the [[Annan railwey station]], the auld Solway Junction Railway station [[Annan Shawhill]] haein closed tae passengers in 1931 an tae frocht in 1955. ==Ootby acteevity== [[Annandale Wey]] is a 53-mile walkin route<ref>[http://annandaleway.org/ Annandale Way website]. Annandaleway.org. Retrieved on 2013-05-05.</ref> that wis appent in September 2009. The route rins throu Annandale, fae the soorce o the River Annan til the sea; it passes throu the town o Annan an offers interestin walkin baith up the river and down fae the toun.<ref>[http://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Annandale+Way The Long Distance Walkers Association – Annandale Way]. Ldwa.org.uk. Retrieved on 2013-05-05.</ref> ==Namely fowk== * [[Andy Aitken (fitbawer, born 1978)|Andy Aitken]] (born 1978) - perfaisonal fitbawer, best kent for his lang service wi [[Queen of the South F.C.]]<ref>[http://qosfc.com/AboutQueens/ClubHistory/tabid/164/Default.aspx Andy Aitken in the Queen of the South club history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228215122/http://www.qosfc.com/AboutQueens/ClubHistory/tabid/164/Default.aspx/ |date=28 February 2012 }}. Qosfc.com. Retrieved on 2013-05-05.</ref> * [[Cammy Bell]] (born 1986) - fitbawer * [[Thomas Blacklock]] (1721-1791) - Scots poet * [[Thomas Carlyle]] (1795-1881) - Scots satricial scriever, essayist, historaian, an teacher * [[David Gpw]] CBE (born 1957) - inventor o the i-Limb prosthetic haund * [[Edward Irving]] (1792-1834) - clergyman, main feegur ahint the foondation o the [[Catholic Apostolic Kirk]]. Thare is a statue o him in the grunds o Annan Old Pairish Kirk. The statue wis relocatit fae ootside the toun haw in the 1960s. * [[Ashley Jensen]] (born 1969) - Scots actress an narrator. Best kent for her roles in [[Extras]] an [[Ugly Betty]] * [[George Johnston (Breetish Marines officer))|George Johnston]] (1764-1823) - Breetish Marines officer, leader o the [[New Sooth Wales]] [[Rum Rebellion]], Lieutenand-Governor there for a wee time * [[David Leslie (racin driver)|David Leslie]] (1953-2008) - Scots racin driver * [[William Ewart Lockhard]] [[Ryal Scots Academy|RSA]] (1846-1900) - airtist * [[Robert Murray M'Cheyne]] (1813-1843) - meenister, ordeent bi the Annan Presbytery * [[David Payne (airtist)|David Payne]] (1843-1894) - Scots laundskip penter * [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace o Tankerness|Jim Wallace]] (born 1954) - MSP for [[Orkney]] atween 1999 and 2007, an [[Depute First Meenister o Scotland]] atween 1999 an 2005, born in Annan * [[Hardy Wright]] (1893-1974) - Scots grewhoond trainer, responsible for bringin the Barbican Cup (coorsin) tae Scotland for the first time. * [[Jack Wright (grewhoond trainer)|Jack Wright]] (1850-1929) - coorsin enthusiast, faither o Hardy Wright (abuin) ==Gailerie== <gallery> File:The Riding of the Marches, Annan - geograph.org.uk - 194579.jpg|The Ridin o the Mairches, Annan, datin back tae til 13t century. Photae bi Lynne Kirton File:Annan.jpg|Annan File:AnnanHighSt.jpg|High Street File:Annan Old Parish Churchyard - geograph.org.uk - 1496112.jpg|Annan Auld Parish Churchyard. Photae bi Walter Baxter File:AnnanAcademy.jpg|[[Annan Academy]] (auld biggins) File:AnnanWarMemorial.jpg|War memorial, High Street File:Bruce statue.jpg|Bruce statue,Town Hoose File:Chapelcross Nuclear Power Station 1.jpg|Chapelcross power station (cuilin towers noo demolisht) </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * {{wikivoyage-inline|Annan}} * [http://www.annan.org.uk Annan Online]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071009131211/http://www.annanacademy.org.uk/ Annan Academy Wabsteid] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081006094759/http://www.annanjuvenilepipesanddrums.com/ Annan Juvenile Pipes an Drums] * [http://www.dumgal.gov.uk Local Authority wabsteid] * [http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=3742 National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (archive film compilation of local events in Annan, 1925 – 1937) * [https://www.youtube.com/my_videos?o=U Video footage o Annan Herbour] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGx9ahEPJt8 Video footage o the Gala Glen an Bruce's Wall] {{Civil parishes in Dumfries and Galloway}} [[Category:Annandale an Eskdale]] [[Category:Ports an herbours o Scotland]] [[Category:Ryal burghs]] [[Category:Dumfriesshire]] [[Category:Touns in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Post touns in the DG postcode aurie]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} 904lm5edk8glv3wcup1q6253twk1i84 0 69974 923094 863648 2026-09-23T11:47:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Henry Cavill | image = Henry Cavill 3, 2013 (cropped).jpg | imagesize = | caption = Cavill at the Sydney premiere o ''[[Man of Steel (film)|Man of Steel]]'', Juin 2013 | birth_name = {{nowrap|Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill}} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|5|5}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry Cavill: Biography|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/henry-cavill/bio/239944|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=19 August 2013|archive-date=2020-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422063613/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/henry-cavill/bio/239944/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Saint Saviour, Jersey|Saint Saviour]], [[Jersey]], [[Channel Islands]], [[Unitit Kinrick|UK]] | nationality = BRITISH | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2001–present Currently dating Jennifer Dortmund from Columbus }} '''Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill''' (born 5 Mey 1983) is a Breetish [[actor]] an [[Model (person)|model]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry Cavill- Almost James Bond|url=http://henrycavill.org/en/filmography/best-known-as/almost-james-bond|publisher=HenryCavill.org|accessdate=11 February 2014|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814210413/http://henrycavill.org/en/filmography/best-known-as/almost-james-bond|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cavill, Henry}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:21st-century Breetish male actors]] [[Category:Breetish expatriate male actors in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Breetish male film actors]] [[Category:Breetish male models]] [[Category:Breetish male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Jersey male actors]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Stowe Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Saint Saviour, Jersey]] h6fg1r349qgyze576mm66rakw4im30g 0 72751 923085 908542 2026-09-23T10:05:19Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox fitbaw biography |name = Gareth Bale |image = 2022 FIFA World Cup United States 1–1 Wales - (32) (cropped).jpg |image_size = 200px |caption = Bale wi [[Wales national fitba team|Wales]] at the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]] |fullname = Gareth Frank Bale<ref name="Hugman2010-11 31">{{Cite book|editor-first=Barry J.|editor-last=Hugman|title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11|url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9|year=2010|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|isbn=9781845966010|page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n32 31]}}</ref> |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|16|df=y}}<ref name="Hugman2010-11 31"/> |birth_place = [[Cairdiff]], Wales |height = {{convert|1.86|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: List of Players: Wales |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130184801/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=FIFA |page=32}}</ref> |position = [[Winger (fitbaw)|Winger]] |currentclub = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] |clubnumber = 11 |youthclubs1 = [[Cardiff Civil Service]] |youthyears2 = 2005–2006 |youthclubs2 = [[Southampton F.C. Academy|Southampton]] |years1 = 2006–2007 |clubs1 = [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] |caps1 = 40 |goals1 = 5 |years2 = 2007–2013 |clubs2 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |caps2 = 146 |goals2 = 42 |years3 = 2013–2022 |clubs3 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] |caps3 = 176 |goals3 = 81 |years4 = 2020–2021 |clubs4 = → [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |caps4 = 20 |goals4 = 11 |years5 = 2022–2023 |clubs5 = [[Los Angeles FC]] |caps5 = 12 |goals5 = 2 |nationalyears1 = 2005–2006 |nationalteam1 = [[Wales naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Wales U17]] |nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2006 |nationalteam2 = [[Wales naitional unner-19 fitbaw team|Wales U19]] |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 1 |nationalyears3 = 2006–2008 |nationalteam3 = [[Wales naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Wales U21]] |nationalcaps3 = 4 |nationalgoals3 = 2 |nationalyears4 = 2006– |nationalteam4 = [[Wales naitional fitbaw team|Wales]] |nationalcaps4 = 70 |nationalgoals4 = 29 |pcupdate = 19:00, 18 Julie 2018 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18 Julie 2018 }} '''Gareth Frank Bale''' (born 16 Julie 1989) is a [[Welsh fowk|Welsh]] umwhile fitbawer that playit as a [[Winger (fitbaw)|winger]]. Bale stairtit his professional career at [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]], playin at [[defender (association fitbaw)|left back]] an becomin kenspeckle fur his [[direct free kick|free kicks]]. He went til [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] in 2007 fur a eventual £7 million fee. Durin his time at Spurs, Bale becam a mair offensive player. Fae the 2009–10 saison, Bale becam a important pairt o the team, risin til internaitional attention durin the [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League]].<ref name="Riise 101111">{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/982258/john-arne-riise:-gareth-bale-the-best-left-sided-player-in-world?cc=5901 |title=Riise: Bale is world's best left winger |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |accessdate=30 December 2011 |date=10 November 2011 |archive-date=2011-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113200116/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/982258/john-arne-riise:-gareth-bale-the-best-left-sided-player-in-world?cc=5901 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Fabio 090311">{{cite news |url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11661_6803404,00.html |title=Fabio – Bale is world's best |publisher=Sky Sports|date= 9 March 2011|accessdate=30 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="Redknapp 281211">{{cite news|title=Gareth Bale has everything says Tottenham manager Harry Redknapp|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/16342814.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 December 2011|date=28 December 2011}}</ref> He wis named [[PFA Players' Player of the Year]] in 2011 an 2013, an wis named in the [[UEFA Team of the Year]] in 2011 an 2013. Bale haes been gien cheers fae his peers, that hae descrieved him as a fitbawer wi "tremendous speed, great crossin ability, a great left fit an exceptional physical qualities".<ref name="nastytackle2011">{{cite web|title=Gareth Bale – Tottenham Hotspur’s Speed King|url=http://nastytackle.com/gareth-bale-tottenham-hotspurs-speed-king|publisher=Nasty Tackle|accessdate=13 November 2012|year=2011|archive-date=2016-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120213504/http://nastytackle.com/gareth-bale-tottenham-hotspurs-speed-king|url-status=dead}}</ref> Durin the [[2012–13 Premier League|2012–13 saison]] he wis awairdit the [[PFA Young Player of the Year]], the [[PFA Players' Player of the Year]] an the [[FWA Footballer of the Year]] awairds. ==Early an personal life== Bale wis born in [[Cairdiff]], [[Wales]], tae parents Frank, a schuil caretaker, an Debbie, an operations manager;{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} he attendit Eglwys Newydd Primary School at [[Whitchurch, Cairdiff|Whitchurch]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eglwysnewyddprm.cardiff.sch.uk/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=33&MMN_position=53:53 |title=Hall Of Fame |publisher=Eglwys Newydd Primary School |accessdate=14 November 2010 |archive-date=2011-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605193709/http://www.eglwysnewyddprm.cardiff.sch.uk/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=33&MMN_position=53%3A53 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is the nephew o umwhile [[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]] fitbawer [[Chris Pike]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Bluebirds of a feather are flockin thegither | publisher=Media Wales|work=Wales Online| url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2008/12/08/bluebirds-of-a-feather-are-flocking-together-in-91466-22425013/ | accessdate=8 December 2008|date=8 December 2008}}</ref> It wis while at this schuil he first came tae the attention o [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] at age nine, when he wis playin in a sax-a-side tournament wi his first club, [[Cardiff Civil Service|Cardiff Civil Service Football Club]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/football-in-wales/2010/10/22/mentor-s-advice-to-gareth-could-come-to-fruition-as-foreign-legion-close-in-91466-27521941/ |title=Mentor’s advice tae Gareth could come tae fruition as foreign legion close in |publisher=Wales Online |date=22 October 2010 |accessdate=28 December 2010 }}</ref> Growin up, his fitbaw hero wis fellae Welshman an [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] player [[Ryan Giggs]].<ref name="Bale Interview">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/8286070/Gareth-Bale-interview-born-to-run.html|title=Gareth Bale interview: born tae run |publisher=Telegraph Media Group|work=The Telegraph |accessdate=31 January 2011 |first=Chris |last=Harvey |date=31 January 2011}}</ref> Bale attendit [[Whitchurch High School]] in Cairdiff.<ref>{{cite web| title=Powerleague Official Opening| publisher=Whitchurch High School| url=http://www.whitchurchhs.com/School_News/2007-2008/PowerleagueOfficialOpening.htm| accessdate=5 September 2011| archive-date=2011-07-18| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718041233/http://www.whitchurchhs.com/School_News/2007-2008/PowerleagueOfficialOpening.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis a keen athlete an played fitbaw alongside future [[Wales national rugby union team|Wales]] rugby captain [[Sam Warburton]],<ref name="guardian" /> rugby, hockey an excelled at athletics.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rugby World Cup 2011: Cardiff-born Gareth Bale and Sam Warburton were stars from the start, reflects coach|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/international/wales/8825107/Rugby-World-Cup-2011-Cardiff-born-Gareth-Bale-and-Sam-Warburton-were-stars-from-the-start-reflects-coach.html|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|work=The Telegraph|date=14 October 2011}}</ref> As a 14-year-auld he says that he ran the [[100 metres|100 metre sprint]] in 11.4 seiconts.<ref name="Bale Interview"/> Acause o his superior fitbawin skill, the schuil's [[pheesical education|PE]] teacher, Gwyn Morris, haed tae write special rules which restrictit Bale tae playin ane-touch fitbaw an no uisin his left fuit.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|title=Pride at Cardiff school that developed Sam Warburton and Gareth Bale|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/blog/2011/oct/13/school-sam-warburton-gareth-bale|publisher=Guardian News and Media|work=guardian.co.uk|date=13 October 2011}}</ref> Whilst at Whitchurch, Bale trained at Southampton's satellite academy in Bath, awtho thare wis initially some dout if Southampton wad gie him a scholarship due tae his hicht.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Despite bein ainly 16 at the time, he helpit the schuil's unner-18 side win the Cardiff & Vale Senior Cup. He left schuil in the summer o 2005 wi a Grade A in PE in his ither GCSE results. In his final yeir at schuil, he wis awairdit the PE depairtment's prize for services tae sport. In the presentation, Morris commentit: <blockquote>"Gareth has a fierce determination tae succeed and has the character and qualities tae achieve his personal goals. He is one of the most unselfish individuals that I have had the pleasure tae help educate."<ref>{{cite journal|title=Young Gareth made own rules|journal=The Daily Echo|date=13 January 2007 }}</ref></blockquote> Bale lives in [[Madrid]] wi his pairtner Emma Rhys-Jones, his heich schuil sweethert.<ref>{{cite news | title = Gareth Bale withdraws from Tottenham match as partner goes into labour | url = http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/need-to-read/2012/10/20/updated-gareth-bale-withdraws-from-tottenham-match-as-partner-goes-into-labour-91466-32071244/|publisher=Wales Online |date=20 October 2012}}</ref> Thair first bairn, born at the [[University Hospital of Wales]], Cairdiff on 21 October 2012{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} wis cried Alba Violet.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|24 May 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Gareth Bale All time playing career|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=43700|work=Soccerbase|accessdate=4 August 2013|archive-date=2010-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203065650/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=43700|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Saison !colspan="2"|League !colspan="2"|Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Ither¹ !colspan="2"|Tot |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- | rowspan="3"|[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] |2005–06 |2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0 |- |2006–07 |38||5||1||0||3||0||0||0||1||0||43||5 |- !Tot !40!!5!!1!!0!!3!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!45!!5 |- | rowspan="7"|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |2007–08 |8||2||0||0||1||1||3||0||0||0||12||3 |- |2008–09 |16||0||2||0||5||0||7||0||0||0||30||0 |- |2009–10 |23||3||8||0||3||0||0||0||0||0||34||3 |- |2010–11 |30||7||0||0||0||0||11||4||0||0||41||11 |- |2011–12² |36||9||4||2||0||0||2||1||0||0||42||12 |- |2012–13 |33||21||2||1||1||1||8||3||0||0||44||26 |- !Tot !146!!42!!16!!3!!10!!2!!31!!8!!0!!0!!203!!55 |- | rowspan="2"|[[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] |2013–14 |27||15||5||1||colspan=2|—||12||6||0||0||44||22 |- !Tot !27!!15!!5!!1!!colspan=2|—!!12!!6!!0!!0!!44!!22 |- !colspan="2"|Career tot !213!!62!!22!!4!!13!!2!!43!!14!!1!!0!!292!!82 |} ¹ <small>Includes [[Football League Championship play-affs]]</small><br /> ² <small> The Spurs goal tally excludes the goal scored agin Fulham on 6 November 2011, later ruled as a awn goal<ref name = "Dubious goals">{{cite web|title=Twenty-five goals between 12 October to 21 December are ruled on|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/dubious-goals-panel-ruling.html|work=Dubious Goals Panel rulings|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=3 February 2012|date=12 January 2012|archive-date=2012-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116102218/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/news/news/dubious-goals-panel-ruling.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> </small> ===National team=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan=3 | [[Wales national fitbaw team|Wales national team]]<ref name="Intl">{{cite web|url=http://int.soccerway.com/players/gareth-bale/15482/matches/ |title=Gareth Bale International statistics |publisher=Int.soccerway.com |date=2013-01-09 |accessdate=2014-04-17}}</ref> |- !Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |2006||4||1 |- |2007||7||1 |- |2008||5||0 |- |2009||7||0 |- |2010||4||1 |- |2011||6||3 |- |2012||5||3 |- |2013||5||2 |- |2014||1||1 |- !Tot||44||12 |} ===Internaitional goals=== :''Scores and results list Wales' goal tally first.''<ref name="Intl" /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition |- | 1. || 7 October 2006 || [[Millennium Stadium]], [[Cairdiff]], [[Wales]] || {{fb|SVK}} || '''1'''–2 || 1–5 ||rowspan=2| Euro 2008 qualifyin |- | 2. || 28 Mairch 2007 || Millennium Stadium, Cairdiff, Wales || {{fb|San Marino}} || '''2'''–0 || 3–0 |- | 3. || 12 October 2010 || [[St. Jakob-Park]], [[Basel]], [[Swisserland]] || {{fb|Swisserland}} || '''1'''–1 || 1–4 ||rowspan=3| [[UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying Group G|Euro 2012 qualifyin]] |- | 4. || 7 October 2011 || [[Liberty Stadium]], [[Swansea]], Wales || {{fb|Swisserland}} || '''2'''–0 || 2–0 |- | 5. || 11 October 2011 || [[Vasil Levski National Stadium]], [[Sofia]], [[Bulgarie]] || {{fb|Bulgaria}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–0 |- | 6. || 12 November 2011 || [[Cardiff City Stadium]], [[Cairdiff]], [[Wales]] || {{fb|Norawa}} || '''1'''–0 || 4–1 || [[Exhibition match|Friendly]] |- | 7. || 11 September 2012 || [[Stadion Karađorđe]], [[Novi Sad]], [[Serbie]] || {{fb|Serbia}} || '''1'''–2 || 1–6 ||rowspan=3| Warld Cup 2014 qualifyin |- | 8. ||rowspan=2| 12 October 2012 ||rowspan=2| Cardiff City Stadium, Cairdiff, Wales ||rowspan=2| {{fb|Scotland}} || '''1'''–1 ||rowspan=2| 2–1 |- | 9. || '''2'''–1 |- | 10. ||6 Februar 2013 || Liberty Stadium, Swansea, Wales || {{fb|Austrick}} || '''1'''–0 || 2–1 || Friendly |- | 11. ||26 Mairch 2013 || Liberty Stadium, Swansea, Wales || {{fb|Croatie}} || '''1'''–0 || 1–2 || World Cup 2014 qualifying |- | 12. ||5 Mairch 2014 || Cardiff City Stadium, Cairdiff, Wales || {{fb|Iceland}} || '''3'''–1 || 3–1 || Friendly |} ==Honours== ===Club=== ;Southampton Academy * [[Premier Academy League]]: 2005–06 ;Tottenham Hotspur * [[Football League Cup|League Cup]]: 2009 rinner-up '''Real Madrid''' * [[Copa del Rey]]: 2013–14 * [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2013–14 * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]] ===Individual=== * [[Football League Championship]] PFA Team of the Year: 2006–07 * Football League Young Player of the Year: 2007 * FAW Young Player of the Year: 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=17th Football Presentation Awards Evening|url=http://www.faw.org.uk/news/889|publisher=Football Association of Wales|date=13 November 2007|access-date=2014-08-15|archive-date=2008-05-13|archive-url=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20080513163637/http://www.faw.org.uk/news/889|url-status=dead}}</ref> * FA Cup Player of the Round: [[2009-10 FA Cup#Fifth Round Proper|2009–10 5t Round]] * Tottenham Hotspur Young Player of the Year: 2009–10,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gareth, Daws scoop awards |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/daws-bale-scoop-awards-030510.html?|publisher=Tottenham Hotspur FC|date=3 May 2010 |accessdate=3 May 2010 }}</ref> 2010–11<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspurs.tv/players/gareth-bale |title=Gareth Bale &#124; Tottenham Hotspur News and Supporters Forum |publisher=Tottenhamhotspurs.tv |date=1989-07-16 |accessdate=2014-04-17 |archive-date=2014-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025629/http://www.tottenhamhotspurs.tv/players/gareth-bale |url-status=dead }}</ref> *Tottenham Hotspur 'Player Of The Year': 2012–13 * Wales Player of the Year Awaird: 2010,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gareth Bale named Wales' player of the year |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_of_wales/9060367.stm? |publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 October 2010 |accessdate=4 October 2010 }}</ref> 2011<ref>{{cite news |title=Gareth Bale retains FA of Wales player of the year award |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15172903.stm? |publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 October 2011 |accessdate=5 October 2011 }}</ref> * [[BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year]]: 2010<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/wales/9261532.stm| title=Gareth Bale wins BBC Wales Sports Personality award | publisher=BBC Sport| date=6 December 2010}}</ref> * BBC Wales [[Carwyn James]] Junior Sportsman of the Year: 2006 * [[Premier League]] [[PFA Team of the Year]]: 2010–11], 2011–12, 2012–13 * FWA Footballer of the Year: 2012–13 * PFA Players' Player of the Year: 2010–11, [[PFA Player of the Year|2012–13]] * PFA Young Player of the Year: 2012–13 * UEFA Team of the Year: 2011,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/community/news/newsid=1741715.html |title=UEFA.com users' Team of the Year 2011 revealed |publisher=UEFA |work=uefa.com |date=18 January 2012 |accessdate=1 March 2013 |archive-date=2018-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121055902/https://www.uefa.com/community/news/newsid=1741715.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> 2013 * Premier League Player of the Month: Apryle 2010,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bale scoops Player of the Month award |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/Headlines/0,,12306~2040185,00.html |publisher=Premier League |date=30 April 2010 |accessdate=30 April 2010 |archive-date=2011-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080704/http://www.premierleague.com/page/Headlines/0,,12306~2040185,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Januar 2012, Februar 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21632265 |title=Gareth Bale & Andre Villas-Boas earn player and manager awards |publisher=BBC Sport |work=bbc.co.uk |date=1 March 2013 |accessdate=1 March 2013 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Gareth Bale}} * [http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1193041476158/1330158342020/jugador/Jugador/Bale.htm Real Madrid profile] * {{UEFA player|102225|Gareth Bale}} * {{FIFA player|299610|Gareth Bale}} * [http://www.faw.org.uk/PlayerDisplay.ink?skip=1&season=11/12&squadno=11129&seasonl=2011/2012&Playertype=p Wales profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316120955/http://www.faw.org.uk/PlayerDisplay.ink?skip=1&season=11%2F12&squadno=11129&seasonl=2011%2F2012&Playertype=p |date=2016-03-16 }} * [http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/gareth-bale Premier League profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213231950/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/gareth-bale |date=2013-12-13 }} * [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/77653/gareth-bale?cc=3436 ESPN Soccernet Profile]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{soccerbase|id=43700|name=Gareth Bale}} * {{NFT player|pid=14541}} {{Real Madrid C.F. squad}} {{Navboxes colour |title=Awards |bg=gold |fg=navy |list1= {{FWA Footballer of the Year}} {{PFA Players' Player of the Year}} {{PFA Young Player of the Year}} {{The Football League Young Player of the Year}} {{Premier League Player of the Season}} {{Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Player of the Year}} {{2006–07 Football League Championship Team of the Year}} {{2010–11 Premier League Team of the Year}} {{2011–12 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2012–13 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bale, Gareth}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cardiff]] [[Category:Welsh fitbawers]] [[Category:Welsh expatriates in Spain]] [[Category:Wales youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Wales unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Wales internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw defenders]] [[Category:Association fitbaw weengers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw utility players]] [[Category:Southampton F.C. players]] [[Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players]] [[Category:Real Madrid CF players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:English Football League players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players]] qjrnwc5vpmazlxn6kxkxbrt161rl7pl 0 72985 923078 916991 2026-09-23T08:55:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Schalke 04 | current = 2022–23 FC Schalke 04 saison | image = FC Schalke 04 Logo.svg | upright = .8 | fullname = Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e.&nbsp;V. | nickname = ''Die Königsblauen'' (The Ryal Blues)<br>''Die Knappen'' (The Miners) | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1904|5|4}} | ground = [[Veltins-Arena]], [[Gelsenkirchen]] | capacity = 61,973<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UEFACup/01/67/59/06/1675906_DOWNLOAD.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-04-20 |archive-date=2013-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819152751/http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UEFACup/01/67/59/06/1675906_DOWNLOAD.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> | chrtitle = Executive Board | chairman = Axel Hefer | manager = [[Thomas Reis]] | mgrtitle = Heid coach | league = | season = | position = | website = http://www.schalke04.de | pattern_la1 = _schalke2324H | pattern_b1 = _schalke2324H | pattern_ra1 = _schalke2324H | pattern_sh1 = _schalke2324H | pattern_so1 = _schalke2324Hl | leftarm1 = 0000CD | body1 = 0000CD | rightarm1 = 0000CD | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = 0000CD | pattern_la2 = _schalke2324a | pattern_b2 = _schalke2324a | pattern_ra2 = _schalke2324a | pattern_sh2 = _schalke2324a | pattern_so2 = _schalke2324a | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = 87CEFA | socks2 = 87CEFA | pattern_la3 = _rosenborg23a | pattern_b3 = _schalke2324t | pattern_ra3 = _rosenborg23a | pattern_sh3 = _atleticomg2324h | pattern_so3 = _3_stripes_white | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V.''', mair kent as '''FC Schalke 04''' ({{IPA-de|ɛf tseː ˈʃalkə nʊl fiːɐ̯|lang|De-FC Schalke 04.ogg}}), '''Schalke 04''' ({{IPA-de|ˌʃalkə nʊl ˈfiːɐ̯|lang|De-Schalke 04.ogg}}), or simply as '''S04''' ({{IPA-de|ˈɛs nʊl fiːɐ̯|lang|De-S04.ogg}}), is a German [[fitba]] club fae the [[:de:Gelsenkirchen-Schalke|Schalke]] destrict o [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[North Rhine-Westphalie]]. The "04" in the club's name is fae its foondation in 1904. Schalke haes been ane o the mair kenspeckle professional [[fitba teams]] in Germany, even tho the club's heyday wis in the 1930s an 1940s. Schalke hae played in the [[Bundesliga]], the first division o the [[German fitba league system]], syne 2022, efter [[Promotion an relegation|promuivin]] fae the [[2. Bundesliga]] in [[2021–22 2. Bundesliga|2021–22]]. As o 2022, the club haes 160,000 memmers,<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 January 2022|title=FC Schalke 04 – Vereinsinfo|url=https://www.kicker.de/fc-schalke-04/info/2-bundesliga/2021-22|url-status=live}}</ref> sae it is the seicont maist kenspeckle fitba club in Germany an the fourth mucklest club in the warld in terms o memmers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fußballclubs weltweit - Anzahl der Mitglieder 2021|url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/3828/umfrage/die-beliebtesten-fussballclubs-weltweit/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ither sports thay haev are [[Sport o athletics|athletics]], [[basketbaw|basketba]], [[haundbaw|haundba]], [[table tennis]], [[winter sports]] an [[eSports]]. Schalke haev won seiven [[List of German football champions|German championship]], five [[DFB-Pokal]], ane [[DFB Ligapokal]], ane [[DFL-Supercup]] an ane [[UEFA Cup]]. In 1937, Schalke became the first German club tae win [[Dooble (fitba)|the dooble]]. Syne 2001, Schalke's grund haes been the [[Veltins-Arena]]. Schalke haev a lang-staundin rivalry wi [[Ruhr]] neebur [[Borussia Dortmund]], kent as the [[Revierderby]]. == Players == === Current squad === {{updated|27 Julie 2023|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://schalke04.de/en/funktion/team-en/|title=First Team|website=FC Schalke 04|access-date=11 July 2023}}</ref>}} {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|nat=GER|pos=GK|name=[[Ralf Fährmann]]}} {{Fs player|no=2|nat=NED|pos=DF|name=[[Thomas Ouwejan]]}} {{Fs player|no=3|nat=AUT|pos=DF|name=[[Leo Greiml]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Ron Schallenberg]]}} {{Fs player|no=7|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Paul Seguin]]}} {{Fs player|no=8|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Danny Latza]]}} {{Fs player|no=9|nat=GER|pos=FW|name=[[Simon Terodde]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://schalke04.de/en/inside-en/danny-latza-new-captain-schalke-04/|title=Simon Terodde is the new captain of S04|website=Schalke 04|date=21 July 2023}}</ref> {{Fs player|no=10|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Lino Tempelmann]]}} {{Fs player|no=11|nat=FRA|pos=FW|name=[[Bryan Lasme]]}} {{Fs player|no=14|nat=JPN|pos=FW|name=[[Sōichirō Kōzuki]]}} {{Fs player|no=17|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Florian Flick]]}} {{Fs player|no=18|nat=KOS|pos=MF|name=[[Blendi Idrizi]]}} {{Fs player|no=19|nat=TUR|pos=FW|name=[[Kenan Karaman]]}} {{Fs player|no=21|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Niklas Tauer]]|other=on lend frae [[1. FSV Mainz 05|Mainz 05]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=22|nat=MLI|pos=DF|name=[[Ibrahima Cissé (fitballer, born 2001)|Ibrahima Cissé]]}} {{Fs player|no=23|nat=TUR|pos=MF|name=[[Mehmet-Can Aydın]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Dominick Drexler]]}} {{Fs player|no=25|nat=GER|pos=DF|name=[[Timo Baumgartl]]}} {{Fs player|no=27|nat=CHE|pos=DF|name=[[Cédric Brunner]]}} {{Fs player|no=28|nat=GER|pos=GK|name=[[Justin Heekeren]]}} {{Fs player|no=29|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Tobias Mohr]]}} {{Fs player|no=32|nat=GER|pos=GK|name=[[Marius Müller (fitbawer, born_1993)|Marius Müller]]}} {{Fs player|no=34|nat=AUT|pos=GK|name=[[Michael Langer]]}} {{Fs player|no=35|nat=POL|pos=DF|name=[[Marcin Kamiński]]}} {{Fs player|no=40|nat=GER|pos=FW|name=[[Sebastian Polter]]}} {{Fs player|no=41|nat=GER|pos=DF|name=[[Henning Matriciani]]}} {{Fs player|no=42|nat=GER|pos=FW|name=[[Keke Topp]]}} {{Fs player|no=43|nat=GER|pos=MF|name=[[Assan Ouédraogo]]}} {{Fs end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Schalke 04, FC}} [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1904]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in North Rhine-Westphalie]] [[Category:FC Schalke 04| ]] [[Category:1904 establishments in Germany]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Germany]] fbrntvwar9twrs8oxdx1lups4giw419 0 73498 923086 918728 2026-09-23T10:18:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 10 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Genetics''' (frae the [[Auncient Greek]] {{lang|grc|γενετικός}} ''{{lang|grc-Latn|genetikos}}'' meanin "genitive"/"generative", in turn frae {{lang|grc|γένεσις}} ''{{lang|grc-Latn|genesis}}'' meanin "oreegin"),<!-- --><ref name="Genetikos γενετ-ικός">{{cite web |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321880&redirect=true |title=Genetikos (γενετ-ικός) |work=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon |publisher=Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University |accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref><!-- --><ref name="Genesis γένεσις">{{cite web |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321873&redirect=true |title=Genesis (γένεσις) |work=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon |publisher=Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University |accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref><!-- --><ref name="Genetic">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Genetic&searchmode=none |title=Genetic |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref> <!-- -->a field in [[biology]], is the science o [[gene]]s, [[heredity]], an [[Genetic variation|variation]] in livin [[organism]]s.<ref name=griffiths2000sect60>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.60 |chapter=Genetics and the Organism: Introduction}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Hartl_and_Jones>Hartl D, Jones E (2005)</ref> The faither o genetics is [[Gregor Mendel]], a late 19t-century scientist an [[Augustinian]] [[monk|freear]]. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the wey traits are haundit doun frae paurents tae affspring. He observed that organisms (pease plants) inherit traits bi wey o discrete "units o inheritance". This term, still uised the day, is a somewhit ambiguous definition o whit is referred tae as a [[gene]]. [[Phenotypic trait|Trait]] inheritance an [[Molecular genetics|molecular]] inheritance mechanisms o genes are still primar principles o genetics in the 21st century, but modren genetics haes expaundit ayont inheritance tae studyin the function an behaviour o genes. Gene structur andfunction, variation, an distribution are studied within the context o the [[Cell (biology)|cell]], the organism (e.g. [[Dominance (genetics)|dominance]]), an within the context o a population. Genetics haes gien rise tae a nummer o subfields, includin [[epigenetics]] an [[population genetics]]. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domeen o life, includin [[bacteria]], [[plant]]s, [[ainimal]]s, an [[human]]s. Genetic processes wark in combination wi an organism's environment an experiences tae influence development an [[behavioural genetics|behaviour]], eften referred tae as [[naitur versus nurtur]]. The [[intracellular]] or [[extracellular]] environment o a cell or organism mey switch gene transcription on or off. A clessic ensaumple is twa seeds o genetically identical maize, ane placed in a temperate climate an ane in an arid climate. While the average hicht o the twa maize stauks mey be genetically determined tae be equal, the ane in the [[arid climate]] anerly growes tae hauf the hicht o the ane in the temperate climate due tae lack o watter an nutrients in its environment. ==Etymology== The wird ''genetics'' stems frae the [[auncient Greek]] {{lang|grc|γενετικός}} ''{{lang|grc-Latn|genetikos}}'' meanin "genitive"/"generative", that in turn derives frae {{lang|grc|γένεσις}} ''{{lang|grc-Latn|genesis}}'' meanin "oreegin".<ref name="Genetikos γενετ-ικός"/><ref name="Genesis γένεσις"/><ref name="Genetic"/> ==History== [[File:DNA Overview2.png|thumb|right|140px|upright|[[DNA]], the molecular basis for [[Heredity|biological heirship]]. Ilk straund o DNA is a cheen o [[nucleotide]]s, matchin ilk ither in the centre tae form whit leuk lik rungs on a twisted ledder.]] The observation that leevin things faw heir tae [[Phenotypic trait|trait]]s frae thair parents haes been uised syne prehistoric times tae impruive crap plants an ainimals throu [[selective breedin]].<ref name="Publishing2009">{{cite book |author=DK Publishing |title=Science: The Definitive Visual Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFiJFuzRVFQC&pg=PA362 |year=2009 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-7566-6490-9 |page=362}}</ref> The modren science o genetics, seekin tae unnerstaund this process, begoud wi the wark o the [[Augustinian]] [[freear]] [[Gregor Mendel]] in the mid-19t century.<ref name=Weiling>{{cite journal |pmid=1887835| doi=10.1002/ajmg.1320400103 |year=1991 |last1=Weiling |first1=F |title=Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel 1822–1884. |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=1–25; discussion 26 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics}}</ref> Prior tae Mendel, [[Imre Festetics]], a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] noble, wha lived in Kőszeg afore Mendel, wis the first wha uised the wird "genetics." He descrived several rules o genetic heirship in his wirk ''The genetic law o the Naitur'' (Die genetische Gesätze der Natur, 1819). His seicont law is the same as whit Mendel published. In his third law, he developed the basic principles o mutation (he can be conseedert a forerunner o Hugo de Vries).<ref>{{cite journal|year=2014|title=Imre Festetics and the Sheep Breeders' Society of Moravia: Mendel's Forgotten "Research Network" |url=http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001772|journal=PLoS Biology|volume=12|issue=1|page=e1001772 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001772 |author1=Poczai P. |author2=Bell N. |author3=Hyvönen J.|pmid=24465180|pmc=3897355}}</ref> Modren genetics stairtit wi Mendel's studies o the naitur o heirship in plants. In his paper "''Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden''" ("[[Experiments on Plant Hybridisation]]"), presentit in 1865 tae the ''Naturforschender Verein'' (Society for Resairch in Naitur) in [[Brünn]], Mendel traced the heirship patterns o certaint traits in pease plants an descrived them mathematically.<ref name="mendel">{{cite web |title= Mendel's Paper in English |url=http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html |first=Roger B. |last=Blumberg}}</ref> Awtho this pattern o heirship coud anerly be observed for a few traits, Mendel's wark suggestit that heirship wis pairticulate, nae acquired, an that the heirship patterns o mony traits coud be explained throu semple rules an ratios. The importance o Mendel's wirk did nae gain wide unnderstaundin till 1900, efter his daith, whan [[Hugo de Vries]] an ither scientists rediscovered his resairch. [[William Bateson]], a proponent o Mendel's wark, mentioned the wird ''genetics'' in 1905<ref>genetics, ''n.'', [[Oxford English Dictionary]], 3rd ed.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jic.ac.uk/corporate/about/bateson.htm |title=Letter from William Bateson to Alan Sedgwick in 1905 |publisher=The John Innes Centre |accessdate=15 March 2008 |author=Bateson W |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013020831/http://www.jic.ac.uk/corporate/about/bateson.htm |archivedate=13 October 2007 |df=dmy-all }} Note that the letter was to an Adam Sedgwick, a zoologist and "Reader in Animal Morphology" at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]</ref> (the adjective ''genetic'', derived frae the Greek wird ''genesis''—γένεσις, "oreegin", predates the noun an wis first uised in a biological sense in 1860<ref>genetic, ''adj.'', Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed.</ref>). ===Molecular genetics=== Awtho genes war kent tae exist on chromosomes, chromosomes are componed o baith protein an DNA, an scientists did nae ken that o the twa is responsible for heirship. In 1928, [[Frederick Griffith]] discovered the phenomenon o [[Transformation (genetics)|transformation]] (see [[Griffith's experiment]]): deid bacteria coud transfer [[genetic material]] tae "transform" ither still-leevin bacteria. Saxteen years later, in 1944, the [[Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment]] identifee'd DNA as the molecule responsible for transformation.<ref name=Avery_et_al>{{cite journal |doi=10.1084/jem.79.2.137 |last1=Avery |first1=OT |last2=MacLeod |first2=CM |last3=McCarty |first3=M |title=Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=137–58 |year=1944 |pmid=19871359 |pmc=2135445}} Reprint: {{cite journal |pmid=33226 |year=1979 |last1=Avery |first1=OT |last2=MacLeod |last3=McCarty |title=Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Inductions of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III |volume=149 |issue=2 |pages=297–326 |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |doi=10.1084/jem.149.2.297 |first2=CM |first3=M |pmc=2184805}}</ref> [[James Watson]] an [[Francis Crick]] determined the structur o DNA in 1953, uisin the [[X-ray crystallografie]] wark o [[Rosalind Franklin]] an [[Maurice Wilkins]] that indicatit DNA haes a [[Helix|helical]] structur (i.e., shapit lik a corkscrew).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/eighthdayofcreat0000hora |last=Judson |first=Horace |authorlink=Horace Freeland Judson |year=1979 |publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |isbn=0-87969-477-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/eighthdayofcreat0000hora/page/51 51]–169}}</ref><ref name=watsoncrick_1953a>{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf |doi=10.1038/171737a0 |title=Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid |year=1953 |last1=Watson |first1=J. D. |last2=Crick |journal=Nature |volume=171 |pages=737–8 |pmid=13054692 |first2=FH |issue=4356 |bibcode=1953Natur.171..737W}}</ref> Thair dooble-helix model haed twa strands o DNA wi the nucleotides pyntin inward, each matching a complementary nucleotide on the ither strand tae form what leuk lik rungs on a twisted ladder.<ref name=watsoncrick_1953b>{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick2.pdf |doi=10.1038/171964b0 |title=Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid |year=1953 |last1=Watson |first1=J. D. |last2=Crick |journal=Nature |volume=171 |pages=964–7 |pmid=13063483 |first2=FH |issue=4361 |bibcode=1953Natur.171..964W}}</ref> ==Featurs o heirship== ===Discrete heirship an Mendel's laws=== At its maist fundamental level, heirship in organisms occurs bi passin discrete heritable units, cried [[gene]]s, frae paurents tae affspring.<ref name=griffiths2000sect199>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.199 |chapter=Patterns of Inheritance: Introduction}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This property wis first observed bi [[Gregor Mendel]], wha studied the segregation o heritable traits in [[pease]] plants.<ref name="mendel" /><ref name=griffiths2000sect200>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.200 |chapter=Mendel's experiments}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In his experiments studyin the trait for flouer colour, Mendel observed that the flouers o ilk pease plant war aither purpie or white—but niver an intermediate atween the twa colours. Thir different, discrete versions o the same gene are cried [[allele]]s. In the case o the pease, that is a [[diploid]] species, ilk individual plant haes twa copies o ilk gene, ane copy inheritit frae ilk parent.<ref name=griffiths2000sect484/> Mony species, includin humans, hae this pattern o heirship. Diploid organisms wi twa copies o the same allele o a gien gene are cried [[homozygous]] at that [[Locus (genetics)|gene locus]], while organisms wi twa different alleles o a gien gene are cried [[heterozygous]]. The set o alleles for a gien organism is cried its [[genoteep]], while the observable traits o the organism are cried its [[phenoteep]]. When organisms are heterozygous at a gene, eften ane allele is cried [[Dominant allele|dominant]] as its qualities dominate the phenoteep o the organism, while the ither allele is cried [[Recessive allele|recessive]] as its qualities recede an are nae observed. Some alleles dae nae hae complete dominance an insteid hae [[Dominance relationship#Incomplete an semi-dominance|incomplete dominance]] bi expressin an intermediate phenoteep, or [[Dominance relationship#Co-dominance|codominance]] bi expressin baith alleles at ance.<ref name=griffiths2000sect630>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.630 |chapter=Interactions between the alleles of one gene}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===Multiple gene interactions=== [[File:Galton-height-regress.png|thumb|right|Human height is a trait wi complex genetic causes. [[Francis Galton]]'s data frae 1889 shaws the relationship atween affspring hicht as a function o mean paurent hicht. ]] Organisms hae thoosands o genes, an in sexually reproducin organisms thir genes generally assort independently o ilk ither. This means that the inheritance o an allele for yellae or green pease colour is unrelatit tae the inheritance o alleles for white or purpie flouers. This phenomenon, kent as "[[Mendelian inheritance#Law o Independent Assortment (The "Seicont Law")|Mendel's seicont law]]" or the "law o independent assortment," means that the alleles ofdifferent genes get shuffled atween paurents tae form affspring wi mony different combinations. (Some genes dae nae assort independently, demonstratin [[genetic linkage]], a tapic discussed later in this airticle.) Eften different genes can interact in a wey that influences the same trait. In the [[Blue-eed Mary]] (''Omphalodes verna''), for ensaumple, thare exeests a gene wi alleles that determine the colour o flouers: blue or magenta. Anither gene, houever, controls whither the flouers hae colour at aw or are white. Whan a plant haes twa copies o this white allele, its flouers are white—regairdless o whither the first gene haes blue or magenta alleles. This interaction atween genes is cried [[epistasis]], wi the seicont gene epistatic tae the first.<ref name=griffiths2000sect644>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.644 |chapter=Gene interaction and modified dihybrid ratios}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mony traits are nae discrete featurs (e.g. purpie or white flouers) but are insteid conteenous featurs (e.g. human hicht an [[Human skin colour|skin colour]]). Thir [[Quantitative trait locus|complex traits]] are products o mony genes.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=15931374 |doi=10.1172/JCI25421 |year=2005 |last1=Mayeux |first1=R |title=Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1404–7 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |pmc=1137013}}</ref> The influence o thir genes is mediatit, tae varyin degrees, bi the environment an organism haes experienced. The degree tae which an organism's genes contreibute tae a complex trait is cried [[heritability]].<ref name=griffiths2000sect4009>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.4009 |chapter=Quantifying heritability}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Meisurment o the heritability o a trait is relative—in a mair variable environment, the environment haes a bigger influence on the tot variation o the trait. For ensaumple, human hicht is a trait wi complex causes. It haes a heritability o 89% in the Unitit States. In Nigerie, houever, whaur fowk experience a mair variable access tae guid nutreetion an [[heal care]], hicht haes a heritability o anerly 62%.<ref>{{cite journal|last2=Guo|first2=X|last3=Adeyemo|first3=AA|last4=Wilks|first4=R|last5=Forrester|first5=T|last6=Lowe Jr|first6=W|last7=Comuzzie|first7=AG|last8=Martin|first8=LJ|last9=Zhu|first9=X|year=2001|title=Heritability of obesity-related traits among Nigerians, Jamaicans and US black people|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-obesity_2001-07_25_7/page/1034|journal=International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders|volume=25|issue=7|pages=1034–41|doi=10.1038/sj.ijo.0801650|pmid=11443503|last1=Luke|first1=A|last10=Rotimi|last11=Cooper|first10=CN|first11=RS}}</ref> ==Molecular basis for inheritance== ===DNA an chromosomes=== {{main article|DNA|Chromosome}} [[File:DNA chemical structure.svg|thumb|right|The [[molecular structur]] o DNA. Bases pair throu the arrangement o [[hydrogen bondin]] atween the straunds.]] The [[Molecule|molecular]] basis for genes is [[deoxyribonucleic acid]] (DNA). DNA is componed o a cheen o [[nucleotide]]s, o that thare are fower teeps: [[adenine]] (A), [[cytosine]] (C), [[guanine]] (G), an [[thymine]] (T). Genetic information exeests in the sequence o thir nucleotides, an genes exeest as stretches o sequence alang the DNA cheen.<ref name=Pearson_2006>{{cite journal |pmid=16724031 |doi=10.1038/441398a |year=2006 |last1=Pearson |first1=H |title=Genetics: what is a gene? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-05-25_441_7092/page/398 |volume=441 |issue=7092 |pages=398–401 |journal=Nature |bibcode=2006Natur.441..398P}}</ref> [[Virus]]es are the anerly exception tae this rule—whiles viruses uise the verra seemilar molecule [[RNA]] insteid o DNA as thair genetic material.<ref>{{cite book |title=Microbiology |url=https://archive.org/details/microbiology0001pres |last=Prescott |first=L |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. C. Brown Publishers |isbn=0-697-01372-3}}</ref> Viruses canna reproduce withoot a [[Host (biology)|host]] an are unaffectit bi mony genetic processes, sae tend nae tae be conseedert leevin organisms. DNA normally exeests as a dooble-straundit molecule, cyled intae the shape o a [[dooble helix]]. Ilk nucleotide in DNA preferentially pairs wi its pairtner nucleotide on the opposite straund: A pairs wi T, an C pairs wi G. Sicweys, in its twa-straundit form, ilk straund effectively conteens aw necessar information, redundant wi its pairtner straund. This structur o DNA is the pheesical basis for heirship: [[DNA replication]] duplicates the genetic information bi splittin the straunds an uisin ilk straund as a template for synthesis o a new pairtner straund.<ref name=griffiths2000sect1523>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.1523 |chapter=Mechanism of DNA Replication}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Genes are arranged linearly alang lang cheens o DNA base-pair sequences. In [[bacteria]], ilk cell uisually conteens a single circular [[Nucleoid|genophore]], while [[Eukaryote|eukaryotic]] organisms (sic as plants an ainimals) hae thair DNA arranged in multiple linear chromosomes. Thir DNA strands are eften extremely lang; the lairgest human chromosome, for ensaumple, is aboot 247 million [[base pair]]s in lenth.<!-- --><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature04727 |pmid=16710414 |year=2006 |last1=Gregory |first1=SG |last2=Barlow |last3=McLay |last4=Kaul |last5=Swarbreck |last6=Dunham |last7=Scott |last8=Howe |last9=Woodfine |displayauthors=8 |title=The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 |volume=441 |issue=7091 |pages=315–21 |journal=Nature |first2=KF |first3=KE |first4=R |first5=D |first6=A |first7=CE |first8=KL |first9=K|bibcode = 2006Natur.441..315G |last10=Spencer |first10=C. C. A. |last11=Jones |first11=M. C. |last12=Gillson |first12=C. |last13=Searle |first13=S. |last14=Zhou |first14=Y. |last15=Kokocinski |first15=F. |last16=McDonald |first16=L. |last17=Evans |first17=R. |last18=Phillips |first18=K. |last19=Atkinson |first19=A. |last20=Cooper |first20=R. |last21=Jones |first21=C. |last22=Hall |first22=R. E. |last23=Andrews |first23=T. D. |last24=Lloyd |first24=C. |last25=Ainscough |first25=R. |last26=Almeida |first26=J. P. |last27=Ambrose |first27=K. D. |last28=Anderson |first28=F. |last29=Andrew |first29=R. W. |last30=Ashwell |first30=R. I. S.}}</ref> <!-- -->The DNA o a chromosome is associatit wi structural proteins that organize, compact, an control access tae the DNA, formin a material cried [[chromatin]]; in eukaryotes, chromatin is uisually componed o [[nucleosome]]s, segments o DNA woond aroond cores o [[histone]] proteins.<ref>Alberts et al. (2002), [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.608 II.4. DNA and chromosomes: Chromosomal DNA and Its Packaging in the Chromatin Fiber]</ref> The full set o hereditary material in an organism (uisually the combined DNA sequences o aw chromosomes) is cried the [[genome]]. While [[haploid]] organisms hae anerly ane copy o ilk chromosome, maist ainimals an mony plants are [[diploid]], conteenin twa o ilk chromosome an sicweys twa copies o ivery gene.<ref name=griffiths2000sect484>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.484 |chapter=Mendelian genetics in eukaryotic life cycles}}</ref> Mony species hae sae-cried [[sex chromosome]]s that determine the gender o ilk organism.<ref name=griffiths2000sect222>{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.222 |chapter=Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In humans an mony ither ainimals, the [[Y chromosome]] conteens the gene that triggers the development o the speceefically male chairactereestics. ===Reproduction=== When cells divide, thair full genome is copied an ilk [[Cell diveesion|dauchter cell]] inherits ane copy. This process, cried [[mitosis]], is the semplest form o reproduction an is the basis for [[asexual reproduction]]. Asexual reproduction can an aa occur in multicellular organisms, producin affspring that inherit thair genome frae a single paurent. Affspring that are genetically identical tae thair paurents are cried [[Clonin|clones]]. [[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] organisms eften uise [[sexual reproduction]] tae generate affspring that conteen a mixtur o genetic material inheritit frae twa different paurents. The process o sexual reproduction alternates atween forms that conteen single copies o the genome ([[haploid]]) an dooble copies ([[diploid]]).<ref name=griffiths2000sect484/> ==Gene expression== ===Genetic code=== [[File:Genetic code.svg|thumb|left|The [[genetic code]]: Uisin a [[Genetic code#Discovery|triplet code]], DNA, throu a [[messenger RNA]] intermediary, specifees a protein.]] Genes generally [[Gene expression|express]] thair functional effect throu the production o [[protein]]s, that are complex molecules responsible for maist functions in the cell. Proteins are made up o ane or mair polypeptide cheens, ilk o that is componed o a sequence o [[amino acid]]s, an the DNA sequence o a gene (throu an RNA intermediate) is uised tae produce a speceefic [[peptide sequence|amino acid sequence]]. This process begins wi the production o an [[RNA]] molecule wi a sequence matchin the gene's DNA sequence, a process cried [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]]. This [[messenger RNA]] molecule is then uised tae produce a correspondin amino acid sequence throu a process cried [[translation (biology)|translation]]. Ilk group o three nucleotides in the sequence, cried a [[codon]], corresponds aither tae ane o the twinty possible amino acids in a protein or an [[stap codon|instruction tae end the amino acid sequence]]; this correspondence is cried the [[genetic code]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Biochemistry |vauthors=Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L, Clarke ND |edition=5th |year=2002 |publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer.section.685 |chapter=I. 5. DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information: Amino Acids Are Encoded by Groups of Three Bases Starting from a Fixed Point}}</ref> ===Naitur an nurtur=== {{main article|Naitur an nurtur}} [[File:Niobe050905-Siamese Cat.jpeg|thumb|upright|[[Siamese (cat)|Siamese cat]]s hae a temperature-sensitive pigment-production mutation.]] Awtho genes conteen aw the information an organism uises tae function, the environment plays an important role in determinin the ultimate phenoteeps an organism displays. The phrase "[[naitur an nurtur]]" refers tae this complementary relationship. The phenoteep o an organism depends on the interaction o genes an the environment. An interestin ensaumple is the coat colouration o the [[Siamese (cat)|Siamese cat]]. In this case, the bouk temperatur o the cat plays the role o the environment. The cat's genes code for daurk hair, sicweys the hair-producin cells in the cat mak cellular proteins resultin in daurk hair. But thir daurk hair-producin proteins are sensitive tae temperatur (i.e. hae a mutation causin temperature-sensitivity) an [[Denaituration (biochemistry)|denaitur]] in heicher-temperatur environments, failin tae produce daurk-hair pigment in auries whaur the cat haes a heicher bouk temperatur. In a law-temperatur environment, houever, the protein's structureis stable an produces daurk-hair pigment normally. The protein remeens functional in auries o skin that are caulder{{emdash}}sic as its legs, lugs, tail an face{{emdash}}sae the cat haes daurk-hair at its extremities.<ref>{{cite journal|last2=Geary|first2=LA|last3=Grahn|first3=RA|last4=Lyons|first4=LA|year=2006|title=Albinism in the domestic cat (''Felis catus'') is associated with a tyrosinase (TYR) mutation|journal=Animal Genetics|volume=37|issue=2|pages=175–8|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01409.x|pmc=1464423|pmid=16573534|last1=Imes|first1=DL}}</ref> ==Genetic cheenge== ===Mutations=== {{main article|Mutation}} [[File:Gene-duplication.png|thumb|upright|Gene duplication allous diversification bi providin redundancy: ane gene can mutate an lose its oreeginal function withoot haurmin the organism.]] In the process o [[DNA replication]], errors occasionally occur in the polymerisation o seicont strand. Thir errors, cried [[mutation]]s, can affect the phenoteep o an organism, especially if thay occur within the protein codin sequence o a gene. Error rates are uisually verra law—1 error in ivery 10–100&nbsp;million bases—due tae the "pruifreadin" ability o [[DNA polymerase]]s.<!-- --><ref name="griffiths2000sect2706">{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.2706 |chapter=Spontaneous mutations}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><!-- --><ref name="Kunkel">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158 |pmid=15057282 |year=2004 |last1=Freisinger |first1=E |last2=Grollman |last3=Miller |last4=Kisker |title=Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=1494–505 |journal=The EMBO Journal |first2=AP |first3=H |first4=C |pmc=391067}}</ref> <!-- -->Processes that increase the rate o cheenges in DNA are cried [[mutagenic]]: mutagenic chemicals promote errors in DNA replication, eften bi interferin wi the structur o base-pairin, while [[UV radiation]] induces mutations bi causin damage tae the DNA structur.<!-- --><ref name="griffiths2000sect2727">{{cite book |editor-first=Anthony J. F. |editor-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.2727 |chapter=Induced mutations}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <!-- -->Chemical damage tae DNA occurs naiturally as well an cells uise [[DNA repair]] mechanisms tae repair mismatches an breaks. The repair daes nae, houever, alweys restore the oreeginal sequence. Ower mony generations, the genomes o organisms can cheenge signeeficantly, resultin in [[evolution]]. In the process cried [[adaptation]], selection for beneficial mutations can cause a species tae evolve intae forms better able tae survive in thair environment.<!-- --><ref name="Darwin">{{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |authorlink=Charles Darwin |year=1859 |title=On the Origin of Species |place=London |publisher=John Murray |edition=1st |pages=1 |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=16 |isbn=0-8014-1319-2}}<br />Earlier related ideas were acknowledged in {{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |authorlink=Charles Darwin |year=1861 |title=On the Origin of Species |place=London |publisher=John Murray |edition=3rd |pages=xiii |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F381&viewtype=text&pageseq=20 |nopp=true |isbn=0-8014-1319-2}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Genetics| ]] t3bkjco5d3izalrzbn6mj5hgmc3hk0e 0 74272 923037 920137 2026-09-23T03:43:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923037 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berlinermauer.jpg|thumb|right|Berlin Wall, wi [[graffiti]]]] The '''Berlin Waw''' ([[Germany|German]]: ''Berliner Mauer'') separatit the ceety o [[Berlin]] in [[Germany]] frae 1961 tae 1989. It separatit the eastren hauf frae the wastren hauf. Mony fowk thocht it wis a [[seembol]] o the [[Cauld War]]. The Berlin Waw wis taen doun on [[9 November]] [[1989]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959058,00.html |title=Freedom! The Berlin Wall - TIME |work=time.com |year=2011 |accessdate=19 February 2011 |archive-date=2013-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825012437/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959058,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Future.state">{{cite web |url=http://future.state.gov/when/timeline/1969_detente/fall_of_communism.html |title=Fall of Communism |work=future.state.gov |year=2011 |accessdate=19 February 2011 |archive-date=2015-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706093109/http://future.state.gov/when/timeline/1969_detente/fall_of_communism.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Berlin Waw wis aboot 168&nbsp;km (104 mile) lang.<ref>Berlin illustrated Newspaper of 3rd October 1990 (special edition), p. 113</ref> It wis biggit tae stap fowk frae escapin frae the eastren hauf o Berlin. Efter Germany split intae Wast an East Germany in 1949, 2.6 million East Germans left tae gang tae ''Wast Germany''. In Berlin alane, 1.6 million fowk flit tae the wast.<ref>Volker Viergutz: ''Die Berliner Mauer 1961-1989'', Berlin Story Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-929829-70-3, p.36</ref> Tae stap this, on [[13 August]] [[1961]], the Communist govrenment o East Germany biggit a [[waw]] separatin East an Wast Berlin. In the late 1980s, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] said that the [[Soviet Union]] wouldna uise the [[Reid Airmy]] tae stap the fowk o [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] an Middle Europe frae chyngin thair govrenment. Efter he said that, several kintras began tae chynge the wey thay governit thair fowk. [[Hungary]] openit its mairch an fowk frae East Germany began muivin tae the wast throu Hungary. In Juin 1987, [[Preses o the Unitit States]], [[Ronald Reagan]] spoke at the waw tae challengit Gorbachev tae "[[Tear doun this waw!]]". In October 1989, mass demonstrations agin the govrenment in East Germany began. The lang-time leader, [[Erich Honecker]], resignit an wis replacit bi [[Egon Krenz]] a few days later. Honecker haed predictit in Januar 1989 that the waw wad staund for a "hunner mair year" gif the condeetions whilk haed causit its construction didnae cheenge. This didna turn oot tae be true. In November, 1989, the Central Committee o East Germany decidit tae mak it easier for East Germans tae pass throu the waw. A mistak bi the press officer meant the mairch wis openit several oors afore it should hae been. Millions o East German ceetizens celebratit the openin o the waw. Mony collectit [[souvenir]]s wi [[chisels]] an some telly stations filmit fowk hittin the waw wi sledge hammers. ==Killins== In the 28 year o its existence, atween 125 an 206 fowk wis killit whan ettlin at crossin the Berlin Waw.<ref name="exactunknown">The exact nummer isna kent. It is haurd tae say as the authorities o the GDR didna report the daiths clear.</ref> At least 800 mair fowk wis killit ootwi Berlin, tryin tae ettlin at crossin frae East Germany tae the wast. The last fowk killit at the waw wis on [[6 Februar]], [[1989]], whan [[Chris Gueffroy]] dee'd ettlin at escapin intae Wast Berlin. ==Tear doun this waw!== [[File:President Ronald Reagan Making His Berlin Wall Speech at Brandenburg Gate West Berlin - DPLA - e5f32e4ef48546eeda83f863a08fef32.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Ronald Reagan]] speakin afore the [[Brandenburg Gate]] tae remuive the Berlin waw]] "[[Tear doun this waw!]]" wis a speech made bi [[Preses o the Unitit States]] [[Ronald Reagan]] tae [[Soviet Union]] leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] tae malafouster the waw. The speech wis made at the [[Brandenburg Gate]] near the Berlin Waw on [[12 Juin]] [[1987]]. It wis made tae honour the 750t anniversary o [[Berlin]].<ref name="USATODAY">{{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-12-reagan-speech_N.htm |title=Reagan's 'tear down this wall' speech turns 20 - USATODAY.com |accessdate=2008-02-19 |work=USA Today | date=June 12, 2007}}</ref> His speech wad eventually lead tae the waw's demolition. == What the waw wis made o == The waw wis chyngit an addit tae several times. It wisna really a waw, but a collection o waws an fences an ither devices. This is whit the ''border fence'' wis made o, startin frae the east, gaun wast # [[Concrete]] waw or wire fence, 2–3 meters heich # Signallin seestem in the floor, whilk wad cause an alarm tae be sounded whan touchit # Contact wire fence wi [[barbed wire]] fence. Heicher than a man. # (No in aa places) [[wikt:kennel|Kennel]]s for [[dug]]s. Wi [[German Shepherd Dog]]s or ither trainit dogs. # (No in aa places) Equipment an [[trench]]es tae stap [[vehicle]]s an [[tank]]s. Thir seestems wad be removit (gif the West peyed for the remuival). Maist war replacit later. # Streets tae get replacements an reinforcements in. # Watchtowers (in 1989 thare wis 302 o them). Includin searchlichts # ''death strip''. This wis an aurie in whilk aw o the buildins wis torn doun, wi nae place tae hide. Whiles, thare wis strips o saund whaur fitprints coud be detectit. # Metallic fence, then the mairch itself: # Concrete waw, 3.75 metres in heicht. Very haurd tae climb. == Whit is left the day == <gallery> Image:Berlin Wall Watch-Tower Typ BT-11 2 apel.JPG|[[Watchtower]], near [[Potsdam Square]]. Image:Berliner Mauer.JPG|A pairt o the Berlin Waw, that is left thir days. Image:Berliner mauer kennzeichnung.jpg|In mony places, the Waw wis replacit bi pavin stanes lik thir anes. Image:Berliner mauer bodentafel 2.jpg|Commemorative plates include this ane sayin Berlin Waw 1961-1989. </gallery> Efter the Reunification o Germany in October 3, 1990, the Berlin Waw wis demolishit an takken awa. A few sections o the wa remain; some o the sections became a museum. * O the tot o 302 watchtouers, 5 is left. * The sae-cried ''Todesstreifen'' (daith zone) can still be seen in mony places. Some o them is lairge auries o broun, uncultivate land. Whiles thay are nou [[park]]s. * Thare is a private [[museum]] at [[Checkpoint Charlie]]. * Thare is a [[cemetery]] near Checkpoint Charlie, myndin the victims o the Waw. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{Commons|Berlin Wall}} * [http://www.wall-berlin.org/ www.wall-berlin.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701093741/http://www.wall-berlin.org/ |date=2014-07-01 }} * [http://www.websauger.eu Berlin Wall Fotos an More (In German)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217015356/http://websauger.eu/ |date=2009-02-17 }} * [http://www.die-berliner-mauer.de/en/index.html Retracing the Berlin Wall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410144553/http://www.die-berliner-mauer.de/en/index.html |date=2007-04-10 }} * [http://www.berliner-mauer-dokumentationszentrum.de/index_e.html Bernauer Straße Memorial website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630062632/http://www.berliner-mauer-dokumentationszentrum.de/index_e.html |date=2007-06-30 }} * [http://www.western-allies-berlin.com Allied Forces in Berlin (FR, UK & US Berlin Brigade)] * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/wall/ Photographs of time of the Fall as well as updates on the current situation in Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020208010049/http://www.guardian.co.uk/wall |date=2002-02-08 }} * [http://www.theberlinobserver.com/1stBG18thinf.html Reports on reinforcements to Berlin Brigade] {{DEFAULTSORT:Berlin waw}} [[Category:Berlin]] [[Category:Anti-communism]] 7xxy2tssjn9pqand1nwchg282k77qxo 0 75458 923067 825376 2026-09-23T08:00:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Infobox CVG system |title =Dreamcast |logo =[[File:Dreamcast logo.svg|120px]] |image =[[File:Dreamcast-Console-Set.png|200px]] |caption = North American Dreamcast wi controller an VMU |manufacturer =[[Sega]] |type =[[Video gemme console]] |generation =[[History o video gemme consoles (saxt generation)|Saxt generation]] |release date ={{vgrelease|JP|November 27, 1998}}{{vgrelease|NA|September 9, 1999}}{{vgrelease|EU|October 14, 1999}}{{vgrelease|AUS|November 30, 1999}} |discontinued =Mairch 30, 2001 (NA) September 2002 (EU) |CPU =[[SuperH|Hitachi SH4]] 32-bit [[RISC]] clocked at 200&nbsp;[[MHz]] |GPU =100&nbsp;MHz PowerVR2 CLX2 |media =[[Compact disc|CD]], 1.2&nbsp;GB [[GD-ROM]] |memory =RAM 16&nbsp;MB, GPU 8&nbsp;MB |storage =[[VMU]] |Display =*[[VHF]] *[[Composite video]] *[[S-video]] *[[VGA]] (via [[Dreamcast VGA]]) |onlineservice = [[SegaNet]], [[GameSpy]] (NA)<br/>[[Dreamarena]] (Europe) |unitssold=Worldwide: 10.6 million<ref name="gamepro">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/111822/the-10-worst-selling-consoles-of-all-time/|title=The 10 Worst-Selling Consoles of All Time|accessdate=2007-10-28|author=Blake Snow|publisher=[[GamePro]]|date=2007-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905175406/http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/111822/the-10-worst-selling-consoles-of-all-time/|archivedate=2008-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref> |topgame =''[[Sonic Adventure]]'', 2.5 million <small>(as o Juin 2006)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1851/a_detailed_crossexamination_of_.php|title=Sonic Adventure|work=A Detailed Cross-Examination of Yesterday and Today's Best-Selling Platform Games|accessdate=2007-10-28|date=2006-08-04|author=Daniel Boutros|publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|archive-date=2007-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027033801/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1851/a_detailed_crossexamination_of_.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> |predecessor = [[Sega Saturn]] }} The {{Nihongo|'''Dreamcast'''|{{ja}} ドリームキャスト|''Dorīmukyasuto''}} is a [[video gemme console]] that wis pit oot bi [[Sega]] in November [[1998 in video gemmin|1998]] in [[Japan]] an on September [[1999 in video gemmin|1999]] in North America, October 1999 in Europe, an November 1999 in Oceania. It wis Sega's last console, an efter Sega coudnae keep supportin it in 2001, muived ontae daein 3rd pairty gemms fur ither consoles insteid. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Dreamcast| ]] [[Category:Sega consoles]] [[Category:Saxt-generation video gemme consoles]] [[Category:1998 introductions]] [[Category:1990s toys]] [[Category:2000s toys]] [[Category:Windows CE devices]] 8yhpc162xx1qsgsxe5gm3s2hwzpyiv8 0 77339 923074 911595 2026-09-23T08:47:05Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league | logo = Eredivisie nieuw logo 2017-.svg | pixels = 190 | country = [[Netherlands]] | confed = [[UEFA]] | founded = 1956 | teams = 18 | relegation = [[Eerste Divisie]] | levels = 1 | domest_cup = [[KNVB Cup]]<br />[[Johan Cruijff Shield]] | confed_cup = [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]]<br />[[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] | champions = [[PSV Eindhoven]] (26t teetle) | season = 2024–25 | most successful club = [[AFC Ajax]] (33) | tv = [[Fox Sports Eredivisie]]<br/>[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]] (Highlights) | website = [http://www.eredivisie.nl Eredivisie.nl] | current = [[2025–26 Eredivisie]] }} The '''Eredivisie''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈeː.rə.di.ˌvi.zi}}; ''"Honor Diveesion"'') is the heichest echelon o profeesional [[fitbaw in the Netherlands]]. The league wis foondit in 1956, twa years efter the stairt o profeesional fitbaw in the Netherlands. At the end o the 2012–2013 saison it wis [[UEFA coefficient#Kintra coefficient|rankit]] the aicht best league in Europe bi [[UEFA]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/index.html |title=Country coefficients 2012/13 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=uefa.com |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=9 August 2013 |archive-date=2016-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401010530/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The top division consists o 18 clubs. Ilka club meets ivery ither club twice durin the saison, ance at hame an ance awa. At the end o ilka saison, the club at the bottom is automatically [[Promotion an relegation|relegatit]] tae the seicont level o the Dutch league seestem, the ''[[Eerste Divisie]]'' (First Diveesion). At the same time, the champion o the ''Eerste Divisie'' will be automatically [[promotion an relegation|promotit]] tae the Eredivisie. The next twa clubs frae the bottom o the Eredivisie go tae separate promotion/relegation play-affs. The play-affs are played in twa groups. Ilka group haes ane Eredivisie club an three heich-placit clubs frae the ''Eerste Divisie''. In baith promotion/relegation play-aff groups, ilka club plays a hame-an-awa series wi the ither clubs. The winner o ilka play-aff group plays in the follaein saison's Eredivisie, wi the ither teams goin tae the ''Eerste Divisie''. The winner o the Eredivisie claims the [[Netherlands Fitbaa League Championship|Dutch naitional championship]]. [[AFC Ajax]] haes wan maist titles, 24 (33 naitional titles). [[PSV Eindhoven]] are next wi 18 (21), an [[Feyenoord]] follae wi 9 (14). Syne 1965, these three clubs hae wan aw except for three titles (the 1981 an 2009 titles went tae [[AZ Alkmaar|AZ]] an [[FC Twente]] wan the 2010 title). ==Current teams (2018–19)== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" |- !Club<br /> !Ceety !Capacity !Poseetion<br />in [[2017–18 Eredivisie|2017-18]] !1st season<br />in Eredivisie !No. o saisons<br />in Eredivisie !1st saison o<br />current spell !No. o saisons<br />o current spell !Eredivisie teetles !Naitional teetles !Last teetle |- |style="text-align:left;"|[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]^a ^b||[[Amsterdam]]||52,502||data-sort-value=2|2nt||1956–57||63||1956–57||63||25||33||2014 |- |style="text-align:left;"|[[AZ Alkmaar|AZ]]||[[Alkmaar]]||17,250||data-sort-value=6|3rd||1968–69||41||1998–99||21||2||2||2009 |- |style="text-align:left;"|[[ADO Den Haag]]||[[The Hague]]||15,000||data-sort-value=11|7t||1957–58||45||2008–09||11||0||2||1943 |- |[[FC Emmen]] |[[Emmen, Netherlands|Emmen]] |8.600 |promoted* |2018-19 |1 |2018-19 |1 |0 |0 | - |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[S.B.V. Excelsior|Excelsior]]||[[Rotterdam]]||4,500|| data-sort-value="12" |11th||1970–71||22||2014–15||5||0||0||- |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[Feyenoord]]^a ^b||[[Rotterdam]]||51,137|| data-sort-value="1" |4t||1956–57||63||1956–57||63||10||15||2017 |- |[[Fortuna Sittard]] |[[Sittard]] |12.500 |promotit* |1968-69 |20 |2018-19 |1 |0 |0 | - |- |[[de Graafschap]] |[[Doetinchem]] |12.600 |promotit* |1973-74 |21 |2018-19 |1 |0 |0 | - |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[FC Groningen]]||[[Groningen (ceety)|Groningen]]||22,579|| data-sort-value="8" |12th||1971–72||40||2000–01||19||0||0||- |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[SC Heerenveen]]||[[Heerenveen]]||26,100|| data-sort-value="9" |8t||1990–91||27||1993–94||26||0||0||- |- |style="text-align:left;"|[[Heracles Almelo]]||[[Almelo]]||12,080||data-sort-value=10|10th||1962–63||19||2005–06||14||0||2||1941 |- |style="text-align:left;"|[[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]]^a ^b||[[Eindhoven]]||36,500||data-sort-value=3|1st||1956–57||63||1956–57||63||21||24||2018 |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[NAC Breda]]^a||[[Breda]]||19,000|| data-sort-value="0" |14t||1956–57||50||2017–18||2||0||1||1921 |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[FC Utrecht]]^b||[[Utrecht (ceety)|Utrecht]]||22,750|| data-sort-value="4" |5t||1970–71||49||1970–71||49||0||0||- |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[SBV Vitesse|Vitesse]]||[[Arnhem]]||25,500|| data-sort-value="5" |6t||1971–72||34||1989–90||30||0||0||- |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[VVV-Venlo]]^a||[[Venlo]]||8,000|| data-sort-value="0" |15t||1956–57||22||2017–18||2||0||0||- |- |style="text-align:left;"|[[Willem II (fitbaw club)|Willem II]]^a||[[Tilburg]]||14,700||data-sort-value=13|13t||1956–57||42||2014–15||5||0||3||1955 |- |style="text-align:left;"|[[PEC Zwolle]]||[[Zwolle]]||13,500||data-sort-value=14|9t||1978–79||19||2012–13||7||0||0||- |} <small>^* [[Fortuna Sittard]] feenished seicont in the Eerste Divisie. [[FC Emmen]] wan against [[Sparta Rotterdam]] in the playaff feenal an [[de Graafschap]] defeatit [[Almere City FC|Almere City.]]</small> <small>^a Foondin member o the Eredivisie<br /></small> <small>^b Niver been relegatit frae the Eredivisie</small> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.eredivisie.nl/ Eredivisie.nl – Offeecial wabsteid] {{nl icon}} [[Category:Eredivisie| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw leagues in the Netherlands|1]] [[Category:Tap level fitbaw leagues in Europe|Netherlands]] [[Category:Sports leagues established in the 20t-century]] [[Category:1956 establishments in the Netherlands]] k782m95zptawe2ygogyiv1xzfgil2tg 0 78794 923040 888194 2026-09-23T04:00:37Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Songs --> | Name = Born This Way | Cover = | Alt = | Artist = [[Lady Gaga]] | Album = [[Born This Way]] | Released = {{Start date|2011|02|11}} | Format = [[Muisic dounload|Deegital dounload]], [[CD single]], [[12-inch single|12"]] | Recorded = 2010; [[Abbey Road Studios]] ([[Lunnon]]), Germano Studios ([[New York Ceety|New York, New York]]) | Genre = {{flatlist| *[[Synthpop]] *[[dance-pop]] }} | Length = 4:20 | Label = Streamline, [[Kon Live Distribution|Kon Live]], [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] | Writer = [[Lady Gaga|Stefani Germanotta]], [[Jeppe Laursen]] | Producer = Lady Gaga, Fernando Garibay, Jeppe Laursen, DJ White Shadow<ref name="credits">{{cite AV media notes |title= Born This Way|titlelink= Born This Way|others=[[Lady Gaga]] |year=2011 |first=Stefani |last=Germanotta |authorlink= |coauthors= |page=4 |pages= |type=CD liner notes |publisher=[[Interscope Records]] |id=2771838 |location=Manhattan, Newyork }}</ref> | Last single = "[[Dance in the Dark]]"<br />(2010) | This single = "'''Born This Way'''"<br />(2011) | Next single = "[[Judas (Lady Gaga sang)|Judas]]" <br />(2011) }} "'''Born This Way'''" ({{lang-sco|Born This Wey}}) is a sang bi American recordin airtist [[Lady Gaga]], frae her seicont studio [[Born This Way|album o the same name]]. ==Charts and certifications== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !scope="col"|Chart (2011) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>poseetion |- !scope="row"|[[ARIA Charts|Australie Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung">{{cite web |title=Ultratop – Lady Gaga – Born This Way |url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Lady+Gaga&titel=Born+This+Way&cat=s |publisher=[[Ultratop]]. Hung Medien |accessdate=March 5, 2011 |language=French}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Ö3 Austria Top 40|Austrick Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Ultratop 50|Belgian Singles Chart]] (Flanders)<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Ultratop 50|Belgian Singles Chart]] (Wallonia)<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|3 |- !scope="row"| Brazil ''[[Billboard Brazil|Billboard]]'' [[Brasil Hot 100 Airplay|Hot 100 Airplay]]<ref name="Brasil Hot 100 Airplay">{{cite journal|title=Brasil Hot 100 Airplay|language= Portuguese|journal= Billboard Brasil |location=Sao Paolo|volume=2|issue= 96|date= March 2011|<!--issn= 977-217605400-2-->}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|4 |- !scope="row"|Brazil ''[[Billboard Brasil|Billboard]]'' [[Brasil Hot 100 Airplay|Pop Songs]]<ref name="Brasil Hot 100 Airplay"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Canadian Hot 100]]<ref name="billboardcanadianhot100">{{cite web |title=Canadian Hot 100: Week Ending February 26, 2011 |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=lady gaga|chart=Billboard Canadian Hot 100}} |accessdate=February 17, 2011 |date=February 26, 2011 |work=Billboard |publisher=Prometheus Global Media |archive-date=2015-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125054834/http://www.billboard.com/artist/306341/Lady+Gaga/chart?f=793 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Croatian Airplay Radio Chart]]<ref name="croatian">{{cite web|url=http://hrt.hr/fileadmin/video/ARC_100_05_02.xls|title=ARC, Issue Date: May 2, 2011|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision|HRT]]|date=May 3, 2011|accessdate=February 2, 2012|language=Croatian|archive-date=2015-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626203751/http://www.hrt.hr/fileadmin/video/ARC_100_05_02.xls|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Rádio Top 100 Oficiální|Czech Airplay Chart]]<ref name="czech">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpicr.cz/hitparada/index.php?a=titul&hitparada=2&titul=148863&sec=b001171d55b19579b91ffdcb0bfd881b|title=RADIO TOP100 Oficiální – Lady Gaga – Born This Way – Czech Republic|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] |date=May 13, 2010|accessdate=May 11, 2011|language=Czech}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|8 |- !scope="row"|[[Tracklisten|Dens Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- !scope="row"|[[Dutch Top 40]]<ref name="top40">{{cite web| url=http://www.top40.nl/index.aspx?&jaar=2011&maand=4&week=09| title=Nederlandse Top 40 26 Februari 2011| publisher=[[MegaCharts]]| date=February 26, 2011| accessdate=February 18, 2011| language=Dutch| archive-date=2011-03-10| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310151409/http://www.top40.nl/index.aspx?&jaar=2011&maand=4&week=09| url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Finland's Offeecial Leet|Finnish Singles Chart]]<ref name="fin">{{cite web | url=http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/singlet/2011/7 | title=Tilastot – Suomen virallinen lista – Singlet 7/2011 | publisher=[[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland]] | accessdate=February 17, 2011 | date=February 17, 2011 | language=Finnish | archive-date=2011-02-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223112926/http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/singlet/2011/7 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|French Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- !scope="row"|[[Media Control Charts|German Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicinfonet.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/title/Lady+Gaga/Born+This+Way+%28digi%29/single|title=Chartverfolgong > Lady Gaga > Born This Way (digi)|date=July 25, 2010|publisher=[[Media Control Charts]]|accessdate=April 22, 2011|language=German|archive-date=2012-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316232934/http://www.musicinfonet.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/title/Lady+Gaga/Born+This+Way+(digi)/single|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[IFPI Greece|Greek Airplay Chart]]<ref name=greek>{{cite web|url=http://billboard.com.gr/airplay/i37|title=Στην 1η θέση αυτή την εβδομάδα:|date=June 6, 2011|work=Billboard|publisher=[[IFPI Greece]]|accessdate=June 6, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320012442/http://billboard.com.gr/airplay/i37|archivedate=2012-03-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|4 |- !scope="row"|[[Mahasz|Hungarian Singles Chart]]<ref name="hungary">{{cite web|url=http://mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=archivum&lista=kislemez&ev=2011&het=11&submit_=Keres%E9s|title=Archívum – Slágerlisták – Top 10 lista|date=March 14, 2011|publisher=[[Mahasz]]. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége |accessdate=April 24, 2011|language=Hungarian}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- !scope="row"|[[Erse Singles Chart]]<ref name="ire">{{cite web | url=http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240001&arch=t&lyr=2011&year=2011&week=7 | title=GFK Archive – Top 50 Singles: Week Ending 17 February 2011 | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]. GFK | date=February 17, 2011 | accessdate=February 19, 2011 | archive-date=2012-07-15 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69AFuLCIN?url=http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp | url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- ! scope="row"|[[Media Forest|Israeli Airplay Chart]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Media Forest: Airplay chart | url=http://www.mediaforest.biz/WeeklyCharts/HistoryWeeklyCharts.aspx?year=2011&week=09 | work= | publisher=mediaforest.biz | access-date=2014-07-19 | archive-date=2012-10-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025170556/http://www.mediaforest.biz/WeeklyCharts/HistoryWeeklyCharts.aspx?year=2011&week=09 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Federation o the Italian Muisic Industry|Italian Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- !scope="row"|Japan (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Japan Hot 100]])<ref name="japan">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard-japan.com/system/jp_charts/hot100/|title=Japan Hot 100: Week Ending April 11, 2011|work=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|accessdate=April 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xwQAfSFR?url=http://www.billboard-japan.com/system/jp_charts/hot100/|archivedate=2011-04-14|url-status=live}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|Luxembourg Deegital Sangs (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-03-05/luxembourg-digital-songs|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|title=Luxembourg Digital Songs - March 5, 2011|access-date=2014-07-19|archive-date=2014-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531134738/http://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2011-03-05/luxembourg-digital-songs|url-status=dead}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"| 1 |- !scope="row"|[[Monitor Latino|Mexico Top Inglés]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=487815|title=Continúa Lady Gaga a la cabeza de las preferencias radiales en inglés|language=Spanish|publisher=El Porvenir|date=April 19, 2011|accessdate=June 1, 2012|archive-date=2012-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019114824/http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=487815|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|New Zealand Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[VG-lista|Norwegian Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- !scope="row"|[[Pols Muisic Charts|Pols Airplay Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zpav.pl/rankingi/listy/nielsen/top5.php?idlisty=338|title=ZPAV Top5 Airplay 02.04.2011 – 08.04.2011|date=April 8, 2010|publisher=[[Polish Music Charts]]|language=Polish|accessdate=April 20, 2011|archive-date=2011-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114140246/http://zpav.pl/rankingi/listy/nielsen/top5.php?idlisty=338|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Romanie Top 100]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kissfm.ro/emisiuni/30/Romanian-Top-100.html|title= Romanian Top 100 02.05.2011 – 08.05.2011|date=May 8, 2010 |publisher=kissfm.ro|language=Romanian|accessdate=May 8, 2011}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|17 |- !scope="row"|[[Roushie Muisic Charts|Roushie Dounload Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/articles/2011/03/18/chart/ |title=Российские музыкальные чарты. Недели 9 и 10 |year=2011|accessdate=January 2, 2013|publisher=Lenta.ru|language=Russian}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|8 |- !scope="row"|[[Scottish Singles and Albums Chart|Scots Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/22/2011-02-26/|title=Archive Chart – Scotland – 26 February 2011|date=February 26, 2011|accessdate=April 24, 2011|publisher=[[The Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Rádio Top 100 Oficiálna|Slovak Airplay Chart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpicr.cz/hitparadask/index.php?a=titul&hitparada=18&titul=146445&sec=f3fded37f0249aecf42bfefd76272a14|title=RADIO TOP100 Oficiální – Lady Gaga – Born This Way – Slovak|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]. IFPI.sk|accessdate=April 15, 2011|language=Czech|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142025/http://www.ifpicr.cz/hitparadask/index.php?a=titul&hitparada=18&titul=146445&sec=f3fded37f0249aecf42bfefd76272a14|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Productores de Música de España|Spainyie Singles Chart]]<ref name="spaintop50">{{cite web| url=http://www.promusicae.org/files/listastonos/historial/TOP%2050%20CANCIONES%2011_06.pdf| title=Top 50 Canciones Singles| format=PDF| date=February 26, 2011| publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]| accessdate=February 16, 2011| language=Spanish| archive-date=2012-03-28| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328012018/http://www.promusicae.org/files/listastonos/historial/TOP%2050%20CANCIONES%2011_06.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Gaon Chart|Sooth Korean Internaitional Singles Chart]]<ref name="korea">{{cite web |url= http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/search/list.gaon?Search_str=Born+This+Way+&x=22&y=9 |title =가온차트와 함께하세요 – Digital Comprehensive charts |publisher=[[Gaon Chart]] |language=Korean |accessdate=February 22, 2011}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Sverigetopplistan|Swadish Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[Swiss Muisic Charts|Swiss Singles Chart]]<ref name="hung"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"|[[UK Singles Chart]]<ref name="uk">{{cite press release |title=Jessie J wins Champion chart battle as Lady Gaga swoops into Top 3 |publisher=[[The Official Charts Company]] |date=February 13, 2011 |url= http://www.theofficialcharts.com/chart-news/jessie-j-wins-champion-chart-battle-as-lady-gaga-swoops-into-top-3/ |accessdate=February 13, 2011}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|3 |- !scope="row"| US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref name="billboard1">{{cite web |title=''Billboard'' – Lady Gaga – Born This Way |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=lady gaga|chart=all}} |work=Billboard |publisher=Prometheus Global Media |accessdate=March 5, 2011 |archive-date=2015-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523092403/http://www.billboard.com/artist/306341/Lady+Gaga/chart |url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"| US [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Adult Contemporary]]<ref name="billboard1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|22 |- !scope="row"| US [[Adult Top 40|Adult Pop Songs]]<ref name="billboard1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|7 |- !scope="row"| US [[Hot Dance Club Songs]]<ref name="billboard1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- !scope="row"| US [[Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs)|Mainstream Top 40]]<ref name="billboard1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |} {{col-2}} {{-}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Born This Way (sang)}} [[Category:2011 singles]] [[Category:Billboard Hot 100 nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Billboard Dance/Mix Show Airplay nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Billboard Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Canadian Hot 100 nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Dutch Top 40 nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Irish Singles Chart nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Japan Hot 100 nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Lady Gaga sangs]] [[Category:LGBT-relatit sangs]] [[Category:Monitor Latino Top Inglés nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Australie]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Austrick]] [[Category:Ultratop 50 Singles (Flanders) nummer-ane singles]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Finland]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Germany]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in New Zealand]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Poland]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Spain]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Swaden]] [[Category:Nummer-ane singles in Swisserland]] [[Category:Singles certified quadruple platinum bi the Australie Recordin Industry Association]] [[Category:Singles certified platinum bi the Federation o the Italian Music Industry]] [[Category:Singles certified gowd bi the Recording Industry Association o Japan]] [[Category:Singles certified gowd bi the Internaitional Federation o the Phonographic Industry o Swaden]] [[Category:Singles certified platinum bi the Internaitional Federation o the Phonographic Industry o Swisserland]] [[Category:Singles certified platinum bi Recorded Music NZ]] [[Category:Singles certified gowd bi the Productores de Música de España]] [[Category:Sangs against racism an xenophobia]] [[Category:Multilingual sangs]] [[Category:Sangs written bi Lady Gaga]] [[Category:Singles certified gowd bi the Belgian Entertainment Association]] [[Category:Interscope Records singles]] [[Category:Sang recordins produced bi Lady Gaga]] [[Category:MTV Video Muisic Awaird for Best Female Video]] [[Category:NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen sangs]] {{stub}} f747012c7tzb22hkm7aoa7f8vem6ovw 0 79788 923003 852642 2026-09-22T23:43:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923003 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''1988 UEFA Super Cup''' wis played atween [[KV Mechelen]] an [[PSV Eindhoven]], wi Mechelen winnin 3–1 on aggregate.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/season=1988/intro.html | publisher = [[UEFA]] | accessdate = 2008-03-14 | title = Mechelen miracle continues | archive-date = 2006-08-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060822004406/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/SuperCup/history/Season=1988/intro.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Match details== === First leg=== {{Footballbox |date=1989-02-01 |team1=[[KV Mechelen]] {{Flagicon|BEL}} |score=3–0 |report= |team2={{Flagicon|NED}} [[PSV Eindhoven]] |goals1=[[John Bosman|Bosman]] {{goal|16||50}}<br>[[Pascal De Wilde|De Wilde]] {{goal|17}} |goals2= |stadium=[[Argosstadion Achter de Kazerne]], [[Mechelen]] |attendance=7,000 |referee= }} === Seicont leg=== {{Footballbox |date=1989-02-08 |team1=[[PSV Eindhoven]] {{Flagicon|NED}} |score=1–0 |report= |team2={{Flagicon|BEL}} [[KV Mechelen]] |goals1=[[Hans Gillhaus|Gillhaus]] {{goal|78}} |goals2= |stadium=[[Philips Stadion]], [[Eindhoven]] |attendance=17,100 |referee= }} '''KV Mechelen''' wan 3&ndash;1 on aggregate. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season=1988/index.html Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312120000/http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season%3D1988/index.html |date=2017-03-12 }} frae [[UEFA]] * [http://www.rsssf.com/ec/ec198788.html#sc Summary] frae [[RSSSF]] [[Category:1988–89 in European fitbaa|Super Cup]] [[Category:UEFA Super Cup|1988]] [[Category:KV Mechelen spiels|S]] [[Category:PSV Eindhoven spiels|S]] [[Category:Internaitional club association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi Belgium]] [[Category:Internaitional club association fitbaa competeetions hostit bi the Netherlands]] 7i583ak18hxsuyxt6bx34or1hr75nc6 0 79903 923006 850612 2026-09-22T23:45:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition |tourney_name = UEFA Champions League |year = 2013–14 |image = LuzLissabon.jpg |size = 300px |caption = The [[Estádio da Luz]] hostit the feenal. |dates = 2 July&nbsp;– 28 August 2013 (qualifying)<br />17 September 2013&nbsp;– 24 May 2014 (competition proper) |num_teams = 32 (group stage)<br />76 (total) |associations = 52 |champion_other = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] |count = 10 |second_other = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Atlético Madrid]] |matches = 125<!--Starting from group stage, exclude qualifying rounds and play-off round--> |goals = 362<!--Starting from group stage, exclude qualifying rounds and play-off round--> |attendance = {{#expr: <!--Group A--> + 73040 + 27902 + 51555 + 27462 + 25184 + 74654 + 50115 + 30998 + 29412 + 44348 + 75000 + 23408<!--Group B--> + 47669 + 36524 + 33466 + 69347 + 77856 + 42798 + 40696 + 36204 + 67728 + 39506 + 37375 + 37241<!--Group C--> + 29393 + 31253 + 44732 + 15918 + 18465 + 38149 + 43091 + 31461 + 16780 + 44466 + 30089 + 31444<!--Group D--> + 68000 + 11281 + 6000 + 45021 + 14000 + 68000 + 38512 + 11360 + 14000 + 37742 + 68000 + 11205<!--Group E--> + 49358 + 40358 + 33251 + 36713 + 23899 + 54442 + 30704 + 41194 + 50633 + 35208 + 52093 + 41181<!--Group F--> + 38380 + 55766 + 65829 + 59536 + 60011 + 39790 + 65829 + 39148 + 59912 + 65829 + 36655 + 34027<!--Group G--> + 37500 + 33855 + 18785 + 33989 + 31109 + 45675 + 17786 + 29841 + 17885 + 24809 + 37500 + 24629<!--Group H--> + 54623 + 79412 + 51692 + 58128 + 58719 + 74487 + 59908 + 80517 + 58619 + 53000 + 61744 + 54342<!--Round of 16 1st leg--> + 46033 + 29412 + 65890 + 59911 + 15099 + 29815 + 49194 + 54442<!--Round of 16 2nd leg--> + 49186 + 68000 + 85957 + 45596 + 38038 + 65148 + 74662 + 65829<!--Quarter-finals 1st leg--> + 79941 + 75199 + 70089 + 45517<!--Quarter-finals 2nd leg--> + 65829 + 38080 + 53592 + 67300<!--Semi-finals 1st leg--> + 52560 + 79283<!--Semi-finals 2nd leg--> + 68000 + 37918<!--Final--> + 60976}} |top_scorer = {{flagicon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] <small>(17 goals)</small> |prevseason = [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2012–13]] |nextseason = [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] }} The '''2013–14 UEFA Champions League''' wis the 59t saison o Europe's premier club [[association fitbaa|fitbaa]] toornament organisit bi [[UEFA]], an the 22nt saison syne it wis renamit frae the European Champion Clubs' Cup tae the [[UEFA Champions League]]. The [[2014 UEFA Champions League Feenal]] wis played atween [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] an [[Atlético Madrid]] at the [[Estádio da Luz]] in [[Lisbon]], Portugal,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1771656.html|title=Lisbon to stage 2014 UEFA Champions League final|publisher=UEFA.com|date=20 March 2012}}</ref> markin the fift feenal tae featur twa teams frae the same association, an the first time in toornament history that baith feenalists are frae the same ceety.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shergold |first=Adam |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2617683/Champions-League-final-2014-How-Real-Madrid-Atletico-Madrid-compare.html |title=Atletico Madrid and Real Madrid to square up in Champions League final 2014 &#124; Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=5 January 2014 |accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref> Real Madrid, who eliminatit the title haulders, [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]], in the semi-feenals, wan in extra time, giein thaim a record-extendin tent European Cup/Champions League title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2104948.html|title=Madrid make it a perfect ten|publisher=UEFA.com|date=24 May 2014}}</ref> For the first time, the clubs who qualifeed for the group stage qualifeed for the newly formit [[2013–14 UEFA Youth League]] an aw, a competeetion available tae players agit 19 or unner.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA Youth League club competition launched|url=http://www.uefa.org/mediaservices/mediareleases/newsid=1905480.html|publisher=Union of European Football Associations ([[UEFA]])|accessdate=7 December 2012|date=7 December 2012|archive-date=2017-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130184531/http://www.uefa.org/mediaservices/mediareleases/newsid=1905480.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2014/index.html 2013–14 UEFA Champions League] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607135804/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2014/index.html |date=2019-06-07 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uefa Champions League 2013-14}} [[Category:2013–14 UEFA Champions League| ]] [[Category:2013–14 in European fitbaa|1]] [[Category:UEFA Champions League saisons|2013-14]] po7r5cc8qjfcjcx64hib9zweq0m66hx 0 80091 923068 873311 2026-09-23T08:01:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = Dubai International Airport | nativename-a = مطار دبي الدولي | nativename-r = | image = | image-width = 200 | image2 = | image2-width = 280 | IATA = DXB | ICAO = OMDB | type = Public | owner = [[Dubai Municipality|Government of Dubai]] | operator = [[Dubai Airports Company]] | city-served = [[Dubai]], Unitit Arab Emirates | location = [[Al Garhoud]] | hub = <div> Passenger * [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] * [[Flydubai]] * [[Qantas]] <div> Cargo *[[Al Rais Cargo]] *[[Emirates SkyCargo]] | timezone = [[Time in the Unitit Arab Emirates|UAE Staundart Time]] | utc = [[UTC+04:00]] | elevation-f = 62 | coordinates = {{coord|25|15|10|N|055|21|52|E|region:AE-DU|display=inline,title}} | website = [http://www.dubaiairport.com/ www.dubaiairport.com] | pushpin_map = United Arab Emirates | pushpin_label = OMDB | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the UAE | metric-rwy = Yes | r1-number = 12L/30R | r1-length-m = 4,000 | r1-surface = Asphalt | r2-number = 12R/30L | r2-length-m = 4,450 | r2-surface = Asphalt | stat-year = 2013 | stat1-header = Passengers | stat1-data = 66,431,533 | stat2-header = Cargo (metric tonnes) | stat2-data = 2,435,567 | footnotes = Sources: [[Unitit Arab Emirates|UAE]] [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]],<ref name="aip">[http://www.gcaa.gov.ae/aip/AIPSUP2013/UAE_AIP.html United Arab Emirates AIP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233911/http://www.gcaa.gov.ae/aip/AIPSUP2013/UAE_AIP.html |date=2013-12-30 }} (login required)</ref> [[Airports Council International|ACI]]<ref name="ACI">{{cite web |url=http://www.aci.aero/media/afc782a2-a258-4c49-a700-fea9047d15fb/News/Releases/2013/PR_260313_Prelim_2012_World_Traffic_Rankings-final_pdf |title=Preliminary 2012 World Airport Traffic and Rankings |publisher=Aci.aero |accessdate=29 March 2013 |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515214212/https://aci.aero/Media/afc782a2-a258-4c49-a700-fea9047d15fb/News/Releases/2013/PR_260313_Prelim_2012_World_Traffic_Rankings-final_pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} '''Dubai International Airport''' {{Airport codes|DXB|OMDB}} ({{lang-ar|مطار دبي الدولي}}) is a [[internaitional airport]] servin [[Dubai]]. It is a major [[airline hub]] in the Middle East, an is the main airport o Dubai.<ref>{{cite web| title = Massive Dubai airport may delay opening again| publisher = MSNBC| year = 2009| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30310762/| accessdate = 30 February 2009| archive-date = 2009-04-22| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090422181745/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30310762/| url-status = dead}}</ref> It is situatit in the [[Al Garhoud]] destrict, {{Convert|2.5|NM|lk=in}} east<ref name="aip"/> o Dubai.<ref>{{cite web| title = Dubai International Airport| publisher = World Airport Guide| url = http://www.worldairportguide.com/airport/314/airport_guide/Middle-East/Dubai-International-Airport.html| accessdate = 12 August 2008| archive-date = 2006-11-08| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061108134721/http://www.worldairportguide.com/airport/314/airport_guide/Middle-East/Dubai-International-Airport.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> The airport is operatit bi the [[Dubai Airports Company]] an is the hame base o Dubai's internaitional airlines, [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]], [[FlyDubai]] an [[Emirates SkyCargo]]; the Emirates hub is the lairgest airline hub in the Middle East; Emirates handles 64 per cent o aw passenger traffec, an accoonts for aboot 50 per cent o aw aircraft muivements at the airport.<ref>http://www.arabianbusiness.com/emirates-lose-272m-during-dubai-int-l-runway-closures-547042.html#.U1K87_ldXqM</ref> Dubai Airport is spread ower a aurie o {{convert|8500|acre}} o laund. In 2013 DXB handled a record 66.4 million in passenger traffec, a 15.2 per cent increase ower 2012.<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/29/dubai-airports-traffic-idUSL5N0L318I20140129 | work=Reuters | title=Dubai Airport traffic up 15.2 pct in 2013, may soon pass Heathrow | date=29 January 2014 | access-date=2014-08-20 | archive-date=2014-07-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204555/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/29/dubai-airports-traffic-idUSL5N0L318I20140129 | url-status=dead }}</ref> This made it the [[:en:World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|7t busiest airport in the warld bi passenger traffec]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Passenger-Summary/Year-to-date |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-08-20 |archive-date=2016-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402175529/http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Passenger-Summary/Year-to-date |url-status=dead }}</ref> an the [[;en:World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic|2nt busiest airport in the warld bi internaitional passenger traffec]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/International-Passenger-Rankings/Year-to-date |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-08-20 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215617/http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/International-Passenger-Rankings/Year-to-date |url-status=dead }}</ref> In addeetion tae bein a important passenger traffec hub, the airport wis the [[:en:World's busiest airports by cargo traffic|5t busiest cargo airport in warld]], handlin 2.44&nbsp;million tonnes o cargo in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Freight-Summary/Year-to-date |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-08-20 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225112644/https://aci.aero/data-centre/monthly-traffic-data/cargo-summary/year-2017/year-to-date/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Airports established in 1960]] [[Category:Airports in the Unitit Arab Emirates]] [[Category:Biggins an structurs in Dubai]] [[Category:Transport in Dubai]] rm8u7rd69kl9lbn3bdak5nnj7xhncvp 0 81326 923028 778350 2026-09-23T02:08:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ashley Tisdale | image = Ashley Tisdale 6, 2012.jpg | caption = Tisdale at [[Macy's Herald Square]] in [[New York Ceety]], Julie 2012 | image_size = 230px | birth_name = Ashley Michelle Tisdale | spouse = {{marriage|Christopher French|2014}} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|7|2}} | birth_place = [[Ocean Township, Monmouth Coonty, New Jersey|West Deal, New Jersey]], U.S. | occupation = {{flat list| *Actress *sangster *producer *spokesperson *model }} | residence = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | relations = [[Jennifer Tisdale]] (seester)<br>[[Ron Popeil]] (cousin) | years_active = 1988–present | website = {{URL|http://www.ashleytisdale.com}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | genre = [[Pop muisic|Pop]] | instrument = Vocals | label = [[Warner Bros. Records]] | years_active = 2006–present }} }} '''Ashley Michelle Tisdale'''<ref name=tvg>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ashley-tisdale/221636|title=Ashley Tisdale|publisher=BS Interactive|work=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=September 9, 2014|archive-date=2014-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916085839/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ashley-tisdale/221636|url-status=dead}}</ref> (born Julie 2, 1985) is an American actress, sangster, an producer. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tisdale, Ashley}} [[Category:Ashley Tisdale| ]] [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American sangsters]] [[Category:Actresses frae New Jersey]] [[Category:American bairn actresses]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American muisical theatre actresses]] [[Category:American female pop sangsters]] [[Category:American female sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:Jewish American actresses]] [[Category:Jewish sangsters]] [[Category:Sangsters frae New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Ocean Tounship, Monmouth Coonty, New Jersey]] [[Category:Warner Bros. Records airtists]] oqh5hl74k3porjrrqve5jr3314egjn3 0 87120 923073 894270 2026-09-23T08:39:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Els Dottermans | image = els do wik.jpg | size = 200px | caption = Els Dottermans | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|5|16|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Belgium]] | occupation = [[Actress]] | spouse = | children = 2 }} '''Els Dottermans''' (born 16 Mey 1964) is a Belgian Flemish actress. ==Career== Trained at Studio Herman Teirlinck in [[Antwerp]], Dottermans haes been the recipient o several film awairds, includin twa Best Actress wins at the [[Joseph Plateau Awards]],<ref>Andy Stern, "[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117884441/?refCatId=1043 Dardennes ring Gongs for 'Fils'] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}," ''Variety'', 10 April 2003, URL accessed 2 February 2013.</ref> a Golden Calf awaird for Best Actress at the [[Nederlands Film Festival]], an a Golden Goblet awaird for Best Actress at the [[Shanghai International Film Festival]].<ref>"[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/27/arts/27iht-peepwed.2064485.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 People: J.K. Rowling, Elvis Costello, Harper Lee - Arts & Leisure - International Herald Tribune]," ''[[The New York Times]]'', URL accessed 2 February 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =Osaka European Film Festival: Els Dottermans | date =November 2007 | url =http://www.oeff.jp/508_Els-Dottermans.html | accessdate =2007-05-01 | archive-date =2007-08-23 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070823010719/http://www.oeff.jp/508_Els-Dottermans.html | url-status =dead }}</ref> ==Personal life== Dottermans is marriet wi twa childer. ==Filmografie== {| class = "wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title |- | 1993 | ''[[Beck – De gesloten kamer]]'' |- | 1995 | ''[[Antonia's Line]]'' |- | 1995 | ''[[Goodbye (1995 film)|Goodbye]]'' |- | 2003 | ''[[The Alzheimer Case]]'' |- | 2006 | ''[[Love Belongs to Everyone]]'' |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dottermans, Els}} [[Category:Flemish film actresses]] [[Category:Flemish stage actresses]] [[Category:Flemish televeesion actresses]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Golden Calf winners]] [[Category:20t-hunderyear Flemish actresses]] [[Category:21st-hunderyear Flemish actresses]] ctj5w4cfg70jp2l8ew5qbgzzshmfcp4 0 88769 923093 917364 2026-09-23T11:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name = Heath Ledger |image = Heath Ledger (Berlin Film Festival 2006) revised.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Heath Ledger at Berlin Film Fest in 2006 |birthname = Heathcliff Andrew Ledger |birthdate = {{birth date|1979|4|4|mf=n}} |birthplace = [[Perth]], [[Wastren Austrailie]], [[Austrailie]] |deathdate = {{death date and age|2008|1|22|1979|4|4}} |deathplace = [[New York Ceety]], [[New York]], [[Unitit States]] |residence = [[New York Ceety]] |television = ''[[Sweat (TV series)|Sweat]]''<br>''[[Home and Away]]''<br>''[[Roar (TV series)|Roar]]'' |partner = [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] (2005-07) |children = Matilda Ledger |parents = Kim Ledger<br>Sally (née Ramshaw) |afiawards = '''[[Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actor|International Award - Best Actor]]'''<br>2005 ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]'' |awards = [[#Awards and nominations|'''See Awards and nominations]] |imdbid = 0005132 }} '''Heathcliff Andrew Ledger''' (4 Aprile 1979 – 22 Januar 2008) wis an [[Academy Awaird]]-winnin Australian actor. Efter appearin on telly durin the 1990s, Ledger begound wirkin in [[Hollywood]] [[Film|films]]. He starned in mony films, includin ''[[The Patriot (2000 film)|The Patriot]]'', ''[[Monster's Ball]]'', an ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''. He pleyed [[Joker (comics)|The Joker]] in ''[[The Dark Knight]]''. Ledger dee'd in [[New York Ceety]] on 22 Januar 2008<ref name=Timesobit>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger: The Times Obituary |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |work=The Times |location=UK |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |first=Michael |last=Savage |archive-date=2010-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524061030/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=NYTBarron>{{cite news |author=Barron, James |title=Heath Ledger, Actor, Is Found Dead at 28 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/23/movies/23ledger.html |work=The New York Times |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |authorlink=James Barron (journalist)}}</ref> frae an accidental [[Combined drog intoxication|intoxication frae prescription drogs]].<ref name=Chan>{{cite news |author=[[Sewell Chan|Chan, Sewell]] and [[James Barron (journalist)|James Barron]] (contributing) |title=City Room: Heath Ledger's Death Is Ruled an Accident |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/heath-ledgers-death-is-ruled-an-accident/ |work=The New York Times |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008}}</ref><ref name=CNNLedger>{{cite news |title=Ledger's Death Caused by Accidental Overdose |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110062154/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=APMSNBC>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger Died of Accidental Overdose: 28-Year-Old Actor Had Oxycodone, Anti-Anxiety, Sleep Aids in His System |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23029566/ |publisher=MSNBC |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 March 2008 |archive-date=2008-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209110521/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23029566/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commons}} * {{imdb name|id=0005132|name=Heath Ledger}} * [http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ Heath Ledger comprehensive profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127142005/http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ |date=2008-01-27 }} * [http://www.nndb.com/people/204/000029117 Heath Ledger] at [[Notable Names Database]] * {{people.com}} * [http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html Heath Ledger comprehensive news & profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127105159/http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html |date=2008-01-27 }} at [[Daily Telegraph (Australia)]] * [http://www.gmanews.tv/story/77646/Timeline-of-Heath-Ledgers-career www.gmanews.tv, Timeline of Heath Ledger's career] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ledger, Heath}} [[Category:Heath Ledger| ]] [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:2008 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Australie expatriate male actors in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Australie film actors]] [[Category:Australie male film actors]] [[Category:Australie male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Australie muisic video directors]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Karrakatta Cemetery]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Male actors frae Perth, Wastren Australie]] [[Category:Method actors]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Male Actor in a Supportin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Guildford Grammar School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Boerum Hill, Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae SoHo, Manhattan]] [[Category:Rock Eisteddfod Challenge pairteecipants]] c54ir53vxvtx3cj0emm4kjrm5qcqq3n 0 91694 923011 922923 2026-09-22T23:58:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923011 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:275 kV Forth Crossing - Northern Pylon - geograph.org.uk - 1717269.jpg|thumb|North Touer]] The '''400 kV Forth Crossing''' is the maistmuckle electricity touer in [[Scotland]]. It stands next tae the [[Clackmannanshire Brig]] an the [[Kincardine Brig]], an crosses the [[River Forth]]. The touer at the soothren end is 153.9 metres (505 ft),<ref>{{cite web|title=400 kV Forth Crossing, Tower South|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/400-kv-forth-crossing-tower-south-airth-united-kingdom|publisher=Emporis|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-date=2014-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223165022/http://www.emporis.com/building/400-kv-forth-crossing-tower-south-airth-united-kingdom|url-status=dead}}</ref> that at the northren end 137.16 metres (450 ft) heich.<ref>{{cite web|title=400 kV Forth Crossing, Tower North|url=http://www.emporis.com/building/400-kv-forth-crossing-tower-north-kincardine-united-kingdom|publisher=Emporis|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-date=2014-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223165956/http://www.emporis.com/building/400-kv-forth-crossing-tower-north-kincardine-united-kingdom|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{coord|56|04|05|N|3|44|52|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Forth crossing, 400 kV}} [[Category:Touers in Scotland]] [[Category:Electric pouer infrastructur in Scotland|400 kV Forth crossin]] [[Category:Pouerline river crossins]] 3wq96wuysa1bx6v1gpy9dh8taec934e 0 94128 923052 909844 2026-09-23T05:34:28Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox planet | name = Charon [[file:Charon symbol (bold).svg|20px|⯕]] | image = [[File:Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release.jpg|260px]] | caption = Charon photographed bi the [[New Horizons]] probe in Julie 2015. | width = 250px | discovery = yes | discoverer = [[James W. Christy]] | discovered = Juin 22, 1978 | alt_names = ({{val|134340}}) Pluto I<ref name="Nomenclature">{{cite web |date=2009-11-09 |title=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |publisher=IAU Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) |author=Jennifer Blue |url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html#DwarfPlanets |accessdate=2010-02-24}}</ref> | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|ær|ə|n}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɛər|ə|n}}<ref group = note>In US dictionary transcription, {{USdict|shăr′·ən, kār′·ən}}, the latter per the anglicised pronunciation o the {{Lang-el|''Χάρων''}}.</ref> | note = yes | adjectives = Charonian | named_after = [[Charon (meethology)|Charon]] | orbit_ref = &nbsp;<ref name="Buie_2006" /><!-- http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0512491.pdf was A. J. Steffl, M. J. Mutchler, H. A. Weaver, S. A. Stern, D. D. Durda, D. Terrell, W. J. Merline, L. A. Young, E. F. Young, M. W. Buie, and J. R. Spencer, ''New Constraints on Additional Satellites of the Pluto System'', Astronomical Journal, Volume 132, Issue 2, pp. 614–619 (August 2006)--> | epoch = {{val|2452600.5}} | semimajor = {{val|17536|4|u=km}} tae seestem barycenter, {{val|19571|4|u=km}} tae the center ofPluto | eccentricity = 0.00<ref name="Buie2012">{{cite journal | author = M. Buie | title = The Orbit of Charon is Circular | journal = The Astronomical Journal | year = 2012 | volume = 144 | pages = 15 | doi= 10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/15 | bibcode = 2012AJ....144...15B | display-authors = 1 | last2 = Tholen | first2 = D. | last3 = Grundy | first3 = W. }}</ref> | period = {{val|6.3872304|0.0000011|u=d}}<br />(6 d, 9 h, 17 m, 36.7 ± 0.1 s) | avg_speed = 0.21 km/s{{efn|group=note|name=calculated|Calculatit on the basis o ither parameters.}} | inclination = {{val|0.001|u=°}}<br />(tae Pluto's equator)<br>{{val|119.591|0.014|u=°}}<br />(tae Pluto's orbit)<br>{{val|112.783|0.014|u=°}}<br>(tae the [[ecliptic]]) | asc_node = {{val|223.046|0.014|u=°}}<br>(tae [[vernal equinox]]) | satellite_of = [[Pluto]] | physical_characteristics = yes | mean_radius = {{val|603.5|1.5|u=km}}<ref name="Sicardy06">{{cite journal | author = B. Sicardy | title = Charon's size and an upper limit on its atmosphere from a stellar occultation | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-01-05_439_7072/page/52 | journal = Nature | year = 2006 | volume = 439 | pages = 52–4 | doi= 10.1038/nature04351 | pmid = 16397493 | issue = 7072 | bibcode = 2006Natur.439...52S | display-authors = 1 | last2 = Bellucci | first2 = A. | last3 = Gendron | first3 = E. | last4 = Lacombe | first4 = F. | last5 = Lacour | first5 = S. | last6 = Lecacheux | first6 = J. | last7 = Lellouch | first7 = E. | last8 = Renner | first8 = S. | last9 = Pau | first9 = S. }}</ref><br>(0.095 Earths) | surface_area = {{val|4.58|e=6|u=km2}} | volume = {{val|9.027|e=8|u=km3}}<br>({{val|0.0008|u=Earths}})<ref name=volume>[[Volume#Volume formulas|Volume of a sphere with radius 603.5 km]] = {{val|902704853.6|u=km3}} / [[Volume of the Earth|{{val|1083207317374|u=km3}}]] = {{val|8.4|e=-4}} = {{val|0.00084|u=Earth}}</ref> | mass = {{val|1.52|0.06|e=21|u=kg}}<ref name="Buie_2006"> {{cite doi | 10.1086/504422 }}. ''a, i, e'' per [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem#pluto JPL] (site updated 2008 Aug 25) </ref><br>({{val|2.54|e=-4|u=Earths}})<br>(11.6% of Pluto) | density = {{val|1.65|0.06|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Buie_2006" /> | surface_grav = {{val|0.278|ul=m/s2}} | escape_velocity = {{val|0.580|u=km/s}}<br>0.36 mi/s | single_temperature = {{val|-220|u=°C}} ({{val|53|ul=K}}) | rotation = [[Synchronous rotation|synchronous]] | axial_tilt = zero? | albedo = from 0.36 to 0.39 | magnitude = 16.8<ref name="magnitude">{{cite web | title = Classic Satellites of the Solar System | url = http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm | publisher = Observatorio ARVAL | accessdate = 2007-10-19 | archive-date = 2013-10-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131022050609/http://oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> | abs_magnitude = 1<ref name="jewitt1000km">{{cite web | date = June 2008 | title = The 1000 km Scale KBOs | publisher = Institute for Astronomy (UH) | author = David Jewitt | url = http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb/big_kbo.html | accessdate = 2008-06-13 | archive-date = 2017-07-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170702173042/http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb/big_kbo.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> | angular_size = 55 milli-arcsec<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-02-06.html | title = Stellar occultation allows VLT to determine Charon's size and to put upper limit on its atmosphere | publisher = ESO 02/06 – Science Release | date = 2006-01-04 | accessdate = 2007-10-19 | archive-date = 2006-01-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060118020147/http://eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-02-06.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} '''Charon''', cried '''(134340) Pluto I''' an aw,<ref name=Nomenclature/> is the [[muins o Pluto|lairgest satellite]] o the [[dwarf planet]] [[Pluto]]. ==Notes== <references group="note"/> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Pluto}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Charon (Muin)}} [[Category:Muins o Pluto]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1978]] [[Category:Planemos]] {{stub}} hgndhydrps06fmm247max9cdcfbg35r 0 124085 923012 795516 2026-09-23T00:00:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}}{{fixscots}}{{Infobox officeholder |name = ஆ. ப. ஜெ. அப்துல் கலாம்<br>A. P. J. Abdul Kalam |image = Apj abdul kalam.JPG |image_size = 230px |caption = Kalam at the Internaitional Beuk Fair, Trivandrum, 2014 |office = [[Leet o Preses o Indie|11t]] [[Preses o Indie]] |primeminister = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br />[[Manmohan Singh]] |vicepresident = [[Krishan Kant]]<br />[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |term_start = 25 Julie 2002 |term_end = 25 Julie 2007 |predecessor = [[K. R. Narayanan]] |successor = [[Pratibha Patil]] |birth_name = Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam |birth_date = {{birth date|1931|10|15|df=yes}} |birth_place = [[Rameswaram]], Ramnad Destrict, [[Madras Presidency]], [[Breetish Raj|Breetish Indie]]<br />(nou in [[Ramanathapuram Destrict]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India) |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2015|7|27|1931|10|15}} |death_place = [[Shillong]], Meghalaya, Indie |death_cause = Cardiac arrest |website = {{URL|www.abdulkalam.com|abdulkalam.com}} |religion = [[Islam]]<ref name="andislam">{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/kalam-and-islam/216493|title=Kalam And Islam|access-date=2015-07-29|archive-date=2015-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730222205/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/kalam-and-islam/216493|url-status=dead}}</ref> |nationality = Indian |alma_mater = [[St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli]]<br />[[Madras Institute o Technology]] |profession = Professor<br />Author<br />[[Aerospace ingineerin|Aerospace scientist]] |signature = Abdul_kalam_autograph.jpg }} '''Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen''' "'''A. P. J.'''" '''Abdul Kalam''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-A.p.j. Abdul Kalam from India pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|ˈ|æ|b|d|ʊ|l|_|k|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː|m}}; 15 October 1931 – 27 Julie 2015) wis the [[Leet o Preses o Indie|11t]] [[Preses o Indie]] frae 2002 tae 2007. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalam, Abdul}} [[Category:1931 births]] [[Category:2015 daiths]] [[Category:Defence Research an Development Organisation]] [[Category:Indie aerospace ingineers]] [[Category:Indian Space Research Organisation fowk]] [[Category:Indie Muslims]] [[Category:Madras Institute o Technology alumni]] [[Category:Fowk frae Ramanathapuram destrict]] [[Category:Recipients o the Bharat Ratna]] [[Category:Recipients o the Padma Bhushan]] [[Category:Preses o Indie]] [[Category:Tamil Nadu politeecians]] [[Category:Tamil Nadu scientists]] [[Category:Tamil ingineers]] [[Category:Tamil poets]] [[Category:Varsity o Madras alumni]] [[Category:Tamil fowk]] [[Category:St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli alumni]] [[Category:Nuclear energy in Indie]] [[Category:Recipients o the Padma Vibhushan]] [[Category:Daiths frae myocardial infarction]] t0kxyzvhylrqvhktg59jfls2kh107uk 0 124939 923045 914586 2026-09-23T04:23:19Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |birth_name=Charles Elson Roemer, III |name = Buddy Roemer |image = Buddy Roemer by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg |order = [[Leet o Govrenors o Louisiana|52nt Govrenor o Louisiana]] |lieutenant = [[Paul Hardy]] |term_start = Mairc 14, 1988 |term_end = January 13, 1992 |predecessor = [[Edwin Edwards]] |successor = [[Edwin Edwards]] |state2 = [[Louisiana]] |district2 = [[Louisiana's 4t congressional destrict|4t]] |term_start2 = Januar 3, 1981 |term_end2 = Mairch 14, 1988 |predecessor2 = [[Buddy Leach]] |successor2 = [[Jim McCrery]] |birth_date = {{birth date|1943|10|4}} |birth_place = [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], [[Louisiana]], USA |death_date = {{death date and age|2021|5|17|1943|10|4}} |death_place = |party = [[Reform Pairty o the Unitit States o Americaw|Reform]] <small>(2012–present)</small><ref name=cnnff/> |otherparty = [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] <small>(Afore 1991)</small><ref name=cnnff/><br>[[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] <small>(1991-2012)</small><ref name=cnnff/> |spouse = {{unbulleted list|Frances "Cookie" Demler, later Cookie Thomas|(1963-1972; div)<ref name=cnnff>{{cite web|title=Buddy Roemer Fast Facts|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/24/us/buddy-roemer-fast-facts/index.html|website=cnn.com|publisher=[[CNN]]|accessdate=30 August 2015}}</ref>|Patti Crocker|(1973-1990; div)<ref name=cnnff/>|Scarlett Roemer|(2001-present)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/280231/surprise-roemers-running?CSAuthResp=1317617091%3Aafl7uvg6ppa5egiieeohv9fnq0%3ACSUserId%7CCSGroupId%3Aapproved%3AE4827E5DFDA271EF870E5724CDEB73FD&CSUserId=94&CSGroupId=1 |title=Surprise! Roemer's running |first=Ray |last=Duckler |date=October 2, 2011 |publisher=Concord Monitor |access-date=2015-08-07 |archive-date=2012-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025092256/http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/280231/surprise-roemers-running?CSAuthResp=1317617091%3Aafl7uvg6ppa5egiieeohv9fnq0%3ACSUserId%7CCSGroupId%3Aapproved%3AE4827E5DFDA271EF870E5724CDEB73FD&CSUserId=94&CSGroupId=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} |children = Caroline Roemer Shirley <small>(with Cookie)</small><br>[[Chas Roemer]] <small>(wi Cookie)</small><br>Dakota Frost Roemer <small>(wi Patti)</small> |religion = [[United Methodist]] |alma_mater = [[Harvard Varsity]] }} '''Charles Elson''' "'''Buddy'''" '''Roemer III''' (4 October 1943 – 17 Mey 2021) wis an [[Americans|American]] politeecian an banker. He servit as the 52nt [[Govrenor o Louisiana]] frae 1988 tae 1992. He last servit as a member o the [[Unitit States House o Representatives]] frae 1981 tae 1988. Roemer wis a candidate for the presidential nominations o the [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican Pairty]]<ref name="Tilove">{{cite news|url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/02/buddy_roemer_gives_up_gop_bid.html|title=Buddy Roemer gives up GOP bid to seek two third-party nods|last=Tilove|first=Jonathan|date=February 22, 2012|work=[[The Times-Picayune]]|accessdate=February 23, 2012|archive-date=2015-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225114333/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/02/buddy_roemer_gives_up_gop_bid.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> an the [[Reform Pairty o the Unitit States o Americaw|Reform Pairty]]<ref name="quits">Burns, Alexander (May 31, 2012) [http://www.politico.com/blogs/burns-haberman/2012/05/buddy-roemer-quits-race-124899.html "Buddy Roemer quits 2012 race"], ''[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]]''. Retrieved May 31, 2012</ref> in 2012. He widrew frae thae contests an soucht the 2012 [[Americans Elect]] presidential nomination till that group annoonced it wad nae field a candidate in 2012 acause no candidate reached the required minimum threshold o support tae be leetit on its ballot.<ref name=elect>{{cite news | url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/17/third-party-effort-packs-it-in-for-2012/ | title=Third party effort packs it in for 2012 | publisher=CNN | date=May 17, 2012 | accessdate=May 17, 2012 | author=Liptak, Kevin | archive-date=2015-09-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908072054/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/17/third-party-effort-packs-it-in-for-2012/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Buddy Roemer endorsed [[Gary Johnson]], a [[govrenor o New Mexico]], for U.S. Preses in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reason.com/blog/2012/08/02/former-gop-presidential-candidate-buddy |title=Former GOP Presidential Candidate Buddy Roemer Calls For Gary Johnson to Be Included in Romney and Obama's Presidential Debates |accessdate=August 2, 2012}}</ref> In Mairch 1991, while servin as govrenor, Roemer switchit his pairty frae the [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] tae the Republican Pairty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000384 |title=ROEMER, Charles Elson (Buddy), III |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> In 2012, he acame a member o the [[Reform Pairty o the Unitit States o Americae|Reform Pairty]]. ==Early life== Roemer wis born in [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], [[Louisiana]].<ref name="Mullaney 1994 149">{{cite book |title=Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1988–1994 |last=Mullaney |first=Marie Marmo |year=1994 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-28312-3 |page=149 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=gN_LGy81_iIC&pg=PA149&dq=roemer+adeline#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=February 4, 2011}}</ref> His parents war Charles Elson "Budgie" Roemer, II an Adeline McDade.<ref name="Mullaney 1994 149"/> He wis raisit in [[Bossier Ceety, Louisiana|Bossier Ceety]].<ref name="Maverick">{{cite news |title=Roemer finds poker valuable |author=Fuerbringer, J. |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=G7wbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X04EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4311,2433588&dq=roemer+scopena-plantation&hl=en |agency=New York Times News Service |newspaper=The Times-News |location=Hendersonville, NC |date=June 12, 1987 |page=24 |accessdate=February 5, 2011}}</ref> In 1964, he graduatit frae [[Harvard College]] wi a [[Bachelor o Arts]] degree in economics. In 1967, he receivit an [[Master o Business Administration|MBA]] in finance frae [[Harvard Buisness Schuil]].<ref name="Maverick"/> Efter college, Roemer returnit tae Louisiana tae wirk in his faither’s computer buisness an later foondit twa banks. He wis electit in 1972 as a [[delegate]] tae the Louisiana Constitutional Convention held in 1973.<ref>{{cite news |work=Waycross Journal-Herald |date=October 16, 1990|url= http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JVtaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yUwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6897,99490 |title=Governor Buddy Roemer is a Maverick Southern Politician |agency=Associated Press }}</ref> ==U.S. House o Representatives (1981-1988)== As a member o Congress, Roemer [[Louisiana's 1st congressional destrict]] in the northwastren section o the state, anchorit aboot Shreveport an Bossier Ceety. Efter his 1980 election veectory, Roemer won congressional re-election wioot opposeetion in 1982, 1984, an 1986. In Congress, Roemer frequently supportit [[Ronald Reagan]] policy initiatives an foucht wi the Democratic congressional leadership,<ref name="Maverick"/> thou he remainit in the party. He an aa creeticizit then Democratic Hopse leader [[Tip O'Neill]] o [[Massachusetts]] for bein "too liberal".<ref name="Fuerbringer">{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/10/us/washington-talk-avocations-networking-at-the-poker-table.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm | work=The New York Times | first=Jonathan | last=Fuerbringer | title=WASHINGTON TALK: Avocations; Networking at the Poker Table | date=June 10, 1987}}</ref> Efter Roemer left the Hoose tae acome govrenor, he wis succeedit bi his administrative assistant, Republican [[Jim McCrery]]. ==Govrenor o Louisiana (1988-1992)== [[File:BuddyRoemerJune2008.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Roemer speakin at a [[John McCain]] presidential rally in Louisiana, Juin 2008]] Roemer wis ane o a lairge nummer o Democratic candidates tae challenge three-term incumbent governor [[Edwin Edwards]]. Roemer won the election bi winnin 33% o the vote comparit tae Edwards' 28%. Roemer enterit the govrenor's office on 14 Mairch 1988. In October 1989, voters rejectit a nummer o Roemer tax initiatives but approvit a constitutional amendment for transportation improvements.<ref>"Roemer's loss, victgory are state's top stories," ''Minden Press-Herald'', December 31, 1989, p. 1</ref> Facin a $1.3 billion [[Government budget deficit|deficit]] in the state budget, his first job wis eliminatin the deficit. Roemer callit a [[special session]] o the legislature tae push an ambitious tax an fiscal reform program for state an local govrenments. He vowit tae sleesh spendin, abolish programs, an close state-run institutions. Voters rejectit his proposals in a statewide [[Louisiana Constitution|constitutional]] [[referendum]]. In Mairch 1991, Roemer [[Party switchin|switchit]] tae the Republican Pairty juist months afore the state elections,<ref name="Trio">{{cite news |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TjQdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ViwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5904,3378123 |work=The Milwaukee Journal |date=March 18, 1991 |title=Trio in Louisiana make up unusual slate for governor |agency=Associated Press }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> apparently at the urgin o Bush White House Chief o Staff [[John H. Sununu]]. Roemer lost his re-election efter loosin the Republican primary tae [[David Duke]]. Duke wad suin loose tae [[Edwin Edwards]]. Roemer left office on 13 Januar 1992. He wad run again for the Republican nomination for govrenor, but lost tae [[Mike Foster]]. ==2004 U.S. Senate election== In the simmer o 2004, Roemer briefly considerit enterin the race tae succeed reteerin U.S. Senator [[John Breaux]]. Roemer shortly efter decidit nae tae run for the senate. ==2012 presidential campaign== [[File:Buddy Roemer Reform Party.JPG|thumb|right|180px|Roemer speakin at a Reform Pairty campaign in [[New Jersey]], December 2011]] {{main|Buddy Roemer presidential campaign, 2012}} In Januar 2011, Roemer tauld Baton Rouge televeesion station [[WAFB]] that he wis considerin a bid for the U.S. presidency in [[Unitit States presidential election, 2012|2012]].<ref>Kornacki, Steve (2011-03-03) [http://www.salon.com/news/2012_elections/index.html?story=/politics/war_room/2011/03/02/roemer_duke_president The White House hopeful who lost to the Klansman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304231157/http://www.salon.com/news/2012_elections/index.html?story=%2Fpolitics%2Fwar_room%2F2011%2F03%2F02%2Froemer_duke_president |date=2011-03-04 }}, ''[[Salon.com]]''</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lapolitics.com/column.php |title = A Louisiana Governor for President&nbsp;– Weekly column by John Maginnis |publisher = LaPolitics.com |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5w2geXstG?url=http://www.lapolitics.com/column.php |archivedate = 2011-01-27 |access-date = 2015-08-07 |url-status = dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.lapolitics.com/column.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-07 |archive-date=2011-01-27 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5w2geXstG?url=http://www.lapolitics.com/column.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/01/buddy_roemer_for_president.html |title = Buddy Roemer for president? |publisher = The New Orleans Times-Picayune |accessdate = Feb 4, 2011 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5wFpuEEeM?url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/01/buddy_roemer_for_president.html |archivedate = 2011-02-04 |url-status = live }}</ref> On 21 Julie 2011 at [[Dartmouth College]] in [[Hanover, New Hampshire|Hanover]], [[New Hampshire]], Roemer announcit his entry as a candidate for the Republican nomination for Preses. On 30 November 2011, Roemer offeecially announcit that he wad seek the [[Americans Elect]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |first=Charles |last=Krupa |url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/11/buddy_roemer_to_seek_americans.html |title=Buddy Roemer to seek Americans Elect third-party nomination for president |publisher=The Times-Picayune |date=November 30, 2011 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |archive-date=2016-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219062355/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/11/buddy_roemer_to_seek_americans.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Linkins |first=Jason |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/01/buddy-roemer-throws-in-hi_n_1123857.html |title=Buddy Roemer Throws In His Lot With Americans Elect – Which Is A Huge Mistake |work=Huffington Post |date=December 1, 2011 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> On 23 Februar 2012, Roemer droppit oot o the GOP nomination tae seek the [[Reform Pairty o the Unitit States o Americae|Reform Pairty]]'s nomination.<ref>{{cite web |author=Buddy Roemer for President |url=http://www.buddyroemer.com/posts/gov-buddy-roemer-goes-independent |title=Thank You for Your Support &#124; Buddy Roemer for President |publisher=Buddyroemer.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-20 |archive-date=2012-08-11 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69qCe6rmX?url=http://www.buddyroemer.com/splash |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 17 Mey 2012, Americans Elect announcit that it wad nae run a candidate in the 2012 presidential elections. On 31 Mey 2012, he announcit that he wis endin his 2012 presidential campaign awthegither, citin the lack o ballot access tae be the reason<ref name="quits"/> ==2015 gubernatorial election== Roemer haes nae yet annooncit on whether or nae that he will run for [[Govrenor o Louisiana]] again in 2015 tae replace [[Bobby Jindal]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Greater New Orleans |url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/12/louisiana_governor_growth_roem.html |title=Buddy Roemer to spearhead long-term policy initiative ahead of 2015 election |publisher=NOLA.com |date=2013-12-12 |accessdate=2013-12-18 |archive-date=2013-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218211216/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/12/louisiana_governor_growth_roem.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Personal life== Roemer wis marrit tae Cookie Delmer till thay divorcit. Then he marrit Patti Crocker until thay divorcit. He is nou marrit tae Scarlett Roemer. Roemer haes three childer wi Delmer. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commonscat}} *[http://buddyroemer.com/ Buddy Roemer 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814163110/http://www.buddyroemer.com/ |date=2011-08-14 }} ''official campaign site'' *[http://www.sos.louisiana.gov/tabid/409/Default.aspx Former Governor profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221041650/http://www.sos.louisiana.gov/tabid/409/Default.aspx |date=2008-02-21 }} frae the [[Louisiana Secretary of State]] *[http://www.opensecrets.org/pres12/candidate.php?id=N00022270 Financial information] at [[OpenSecrets.org]] *[http://www.nytimes.com/keyword/buddy-roemer Buddy Roemer (1987–1994)], collected coverage at ''[[The New York Times]]'' *[http://www.pointninenine.com/2011/11/buddy-roemer-9-questions-with-the-gop-presidential-candidate-about-campaign-finance-the-99-and-a-possible-split-ticket/ Buddy Roemer: 9 Questions with the GOP Presidential Candidate about Campaign Finance, the 99% and a Possible Split Ticket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426010113/http://www.pointninenine.com/2011/11/buddy-roemer-9-questions-with-the-gop-presidential-candidate-about-campaign-finance-the-99-and-a-possible-split-ticket/ |date=2012-04-26 }}, Dan O'Mahony, ''Point Nine Nine'', November 28, 2011 *[http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/12/buddy-roemers-overshadowed-nh-retail-experiment/250191/ Buddy Roemer's Overshadowed New Hampshire Retail Experiment], Tyler Brigs, ''[[The Atlantic]]'', December 20, 2011 {{DEFAULTSORT:Romer, Buddy}} [[Category:1943 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Govrenors o Louisiana]] [[Category:Unitit States representatives frae Louisiana]] [[Category:Candidates in the 2012 Unitit States presidential election]] [[Category:Fowk frae Shreveport, Louisiana]] r7bnprk2lcdkiivy3b8nhunnanlko66 0 125191 923008 908248 2026-09-22T23:50:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Election | election_name = 2016 Unitit States presidential election | country = Unitit States | type = presidential | opinion_polls = | ongoing = no <!-- please don't change this --> | previous_election = 2012 Unitit States presidential election | previous_year = 2012 | next_election = 2020 Unitit States presidential election | next_year = 2020 | election_date = 8 November 2016 | flag_year = | votes_for_election = 538 [[electoral votes]] o the [[Electoral College (Unitit States)|Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | turnout = 55.3%<ref name=turnout>Estimate o 138.8 million votes cast an 251.1 million fowk o votin age. This represents an increase in tot votes cast an percentage turnoot frae the 2012 election (130,292,355 votes cast an 241 million fowk o votin age).{{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/2016g |title=2016 November General Election Turnout Rates |website=www.electproject.org |date= |accessdate=December 17, 2016}}</ref> (estimatit) {{increase}} 0.4 [[percentage pynt|pp]] <!--Donald Trump --> | image_size = 200x200px | image1 =Donald Trump official portrait (3x4a).jpg<!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. --> | nominee1 = '''[[Donald Trump]]''' | party1 = Republican Pairty (Unitit States) | home_state1 = [[New York]] | running_mate1 = '''[[Mike Pence]]''' | electoral_vote1 = '''304'''{{efn|name=pledged|In state-bi-state tallies, Trump earned 306 pledged electors, Clinton 232. Thay lost respectively 2 an 5 votes tae [[Faithless electors in the Unitit States presidential election, 2016|faithless electors]]. Pence an Kaine lost ane an five votes, respectively.}}<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|last1=Schmdt|first1=Kiersten|last2=Andrews|first2=Wilson|title=A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html?_r=0|accessdate=December 20, 2016|work=The New York Times|agency=Associated Press|date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> | states_carried1 = '''30 + [[Maine's 2nt congressional destrict|ME-02]]''' | popular_vote1 = 62,985,106 | percentage1 = {{percent|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,985,106|<!-- TOTAL: --> 137,100,229|1|pad=yes}} <!--Hillary Clinton --> | image2 = Hillary Clinton crop.jpg<!-- Please don't change infobox images without first discussing on the talk page. --> | nominee2 = [[Hillary Clinton]] | running_mate2 = [[Tim Kaine]] | party2 = Democratic Pairty (Unitit States) | home_state2 = [[New York]] | electoral_vote2 = 227{{efn|name=pledged}}<ref name="NYT"/> | states_carried2 = 20 + [[Unitit States presidential election in the Destrict o Columbie, 2016|DC]] | popular_vote2 = '''65,853,625''' | percentage2 = '''{{percent|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,625|<!-- TOTAL: --> 137,100,229|1|pad=yes}}''' | map_image = {{United States presidential election, 2016 imagemap}} | map_size = 350px | map_caption = The electoral cairt for the 2016 election, based on populations frae the [[2010 Unitit States Census|2010 census]] | title = Preses | before_election = [[Barack Obama]] | before_party = Democratic Pairty (Unitit States) | after_party = Republican Pairty (Unitit States) | after_election = [[Donald Trump]] }} The 2016 [[election]] for [[Preses o the Unitit States]] teuk place on Tuesday, November 8. Voters electit [[Donald Trump]] as the next Preses an [[Mike Pence]] the next [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]]. ==Primaries== ===Democratic Pairty=== {{Main|Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016|Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016}} ====Nominees==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="30" style="background:#f1f1f1;" |[[File:US Democratic Party Logo.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)]]<big>'''Democratic Party ticket, 2016'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#34AAE0; width:200px;" | [[Hillary Clinton|{{color|white|Hillary Clinton}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#34AAE0; width:200px;" | [[Tim Kaine|{{color|white|Tim Kaine}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;" |'''''for Preses''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;" |'''''for Vice Preses''''' |- | [[File:Hillary Clinton crop.jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Tim Kaine crop.jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | [[Leet o Secretaries o State o the Unitit States|67t]]<br />[[Unitit States Secretar o State|U.S. Secretar o State]]<br /><small>(2009–2013)</small> | [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]] frae [[Virginie]]<br /><small>(2013–''present'')</small> |- | colspan="2" |[[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan="2" |[[File:Clinton Kaine.svg|center|275px]] |- | colspan="2" |<!-- Clinton --><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/us/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-presidential-campaign.html|title=Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 12, 2015|author=Chozick, Amy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/hillary-clinton-2016-election-presidential-launch-116888.html|title=Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run|date=April 12, 2015|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=April 18, 2015|author=Karni, Annie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/524/15031411524/15031411524.pdf|title=Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing|date=April 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref> |} ====Candidates==== The candidates included in this section hae been listed in five or mair [[Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2016 presidential primaries|major independent nationwide polls]]. * [[Lincoln Chafee]] ([[Lincoln Chafee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Rhode Island]] 2011–2015; U.S. Senator frae [[Rhode Island]] 1999–2007; Mayor of [[Warwick, Rhode Island|Warwick]] 1992-1999<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/03/lincoln-chafee-expected-to-announce-longshot-presidential-bid/ | title=Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 3, 2015 | accessdate=June 3, 2015 | author=DelReal, Jose A.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/737/15951475737/15951475737.pdf|title=Lincoln Chafee FEC filing|date=June 16, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref> * [[Hillary Clinton]] ([[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Unitit States Secretar o State|U.S. Secretar o State]] 2009–2013; U.S. Senator frae [[New York]] 2001–2009; presidential candidate in [[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008|2008]]; [[First Leddy o the Unitit States]] 1993–2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/us/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-presidential-campaign.html?_r=0|title=Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid| work=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=April 12, 2015 | author=Chozick, Amy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/hillary-clinton-2016-election-presidential-launch-116888.html | title=Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run | work=[[Politico]] | date=April 12, 2015 | accessdate=April 18, 2015 | author=Karni, Annie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/524/15031411524/15031411524.pdf|title=Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing|date=April 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref> * [[Martin O'Malley]] ([[Martin O'Malley presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Maryland]] 2007–2015; Mayor of [[Baltimore]] 1999–2007<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2015/05/30/martin-omalley-president-announcement/27330857/| title=Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race| publisher= ''[[USA Today]]'' | date=May 30, 2015 | accessdate=May 30, 2015|author= Jackson, David & Cooper, Allen}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/604/15031430604/15031430604.pdf|title=Martin O'Malley FEC filing|date=May 29, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Bernie Sanders]] ([[Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Vermont]] syne 2007; U.S. Representative 1991–2007; Mayor of [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]] 1981–1989<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/30/us/politics/bernie-sanders-campaign-for-president.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=Bernie Sanders Announces He Is Running for President | publisher= ''[[The New York Times]]'' | date=April 30, 2015 | accessdate=April 30, 2015|author= Rappeport, Alan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/533/15031422533/15031422533.pdf|title=Bernard Sanders FEC filing|date=April 28, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=May 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jim Webb]] ([[Jim Webb presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Virginia]] 2007-2013; [[Unitit States Secretar o the Navy|U.S. Secretar o the Navy]] 1987-1988<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/07/02/democrat-jim-webb-joins-2016-white-house-race/ | title=Democrat Jim Webb joins 2016 White House race | publisher=''[[Fox News]]'' | date=July 2, 2015 | accessdate=July 2, 2015 | archive-date=2015-07-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717171241/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/07/02/democrat-jim-webb-joins-2016-white-house-race/ | url-status=dead}}</ref> <gallery perrow="6"> File:Lincoln Chafee official portrait.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Rhode Island|Governor]]<br>'''[[Lincoln Chafee]]'''<br>o [[Rhode Island]]<br>([[Lincoln Chafee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:HRC in Iowa APR 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Secretary o State]]<br>'''[[Hillary Clinton]]''' <br>o [[New York]]<br>([[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor O'Malley Portrait.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Maryland|Governor]]<br>'''[[Martin O'Malley]]'''<br>o [[Maryland]]<br>([[Martin O'Malley presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Bernie Sanders.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Bernie Sanders]]'''<br>o [[Vermont]]<br>([[Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Jim Webb official 110th Congress photo.jpg|{{center|Former [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Jim Webb]]'''<br>o [[Virginia]]<br>([[Jim Webb presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} </gallery> ===Republican Pairty=== {{Main|Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016|Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016}} ==== Nominees ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Republican Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican Pairty (Unitit States)]]<big>'''Republican Party ticket, 2016'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CE2029; width:200px;"| [[Donald Trump|{{color|white|Donald Trump}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CE2029; width:200px;"| [[Mike Pence|{{color|white|Mike Pence}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Preses''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice Preses''''' |- | [[File:Donald Trump official portrait (3x4a).jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Mike Pence official Vice Presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | Chairman o<br /> [[The Trump Organization]]<br /><small>(1971–''present'')</small> | [[Leet o Govrenors o Indiana|50t]]<br />[[Govrenor o Indiana]]<br /><small>(2013–''present'')</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Trump-Pence 2016.svg|center|275px]] |- | colspan=2 |<!-- Trump--><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-big-2016-announcement--2015-6 |title = Donald Trump is running for president |publisher = Business Insider |date = June 16, 2015 |accessdate = June 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/donald-trump-to-announce-his-presidential-plans-today/ |title = Donald Trump announces presidential bid |work = [[The Washington Post]] |date = June 16, 2015 |accessdate = June 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/291/15031432291/15031432291.pdf |title = Donald Trump FEC filing |publisher = FEC.gov |date = June 22, 2015 |accessdate = June 24, 2015 }}</ref> |} ====Candidates==== * [[Jeb Bush]] ([[Jeb Bush presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Florida]] 1999–2007; [[Enterprise Florida|Florida Secretar o Commerce]] 1987–1988<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/jeb-bush-set-make-2016-run-official-n375621 | title=Jeb Bush Makes 2016 Run Official | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=June 15, 2015 | accessdate=June 15, 2015 | author=Rafferty, Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/747/15031431747/15031431747.pdf | title=Jeb Bush FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 15, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref> * [[Ben Carson]] ([[Ben Carson presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), umwhile Director of Pediatric [[Neurosurgery]] for [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Terris|first1=Ben|title=Ben Carson announces presidential campaign|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/05/03/ben-carson-to-announce-presidential-campaign-monday/|publisher=''[[The Washington Post]]''|date=May 3, 2015|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/ben-carson-announces-2016-run-n353241 | title=Ben Carson Announces 2016 Run | publisher=[[NBCNews.com]] | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | author=Rafferty , Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/874/15031422874/15031422874.pdf | title=Ben Carson FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> * [[Chris Christie]] ([[Chris Christie presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o New Jersey]] syne 2010; [[U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey]] 2002–2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/us/politics/chris-christie-presidential-campaign.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news|title=Chris Christie Announces Run, Pledging ‘Truth’ About Nation’s Woes| work=[[New York Times]] | date=June 30, 2015 | accessdate=June 30, 2015 | author=Barbaro, Michael}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/058/201507010300005058/201507010300005058.pdf | title=Christopher J. Christie FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 1, 2015 | accessdate=July 6, 2015}}</ref> <!-- Please DO NOT REMOVE TED CRUZ from this list or add disclaimers regarding his eligilibity to be President. Please see the Wikipedia article *Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016*, section "Eligibility concerns", for information on this subject --> * [[Ted Cruz]] ([[Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae Texas syne 2013; [[Solicitor General]] of Texas 2003–2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/politicsnow/la-na-pn-ted-cruz-presidential-bid-20150322-story.html|title=Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz Launches Presidential Bid| work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=March 22, 2015 | accessdate=March 23, 2015 | author=Mascaro, Lisa and David Lauter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/03/23/ted-cruz-announces-presidential-run|title=Ted Cruz Announces He’s Running for President| work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=March 23, 2015 | accessdate=March 23, 2015 | author=Zezima, Katie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/891/15031403891/15031403891.pdf|title=Ted Cruz FEC filing|date=March 23, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref> * [[Carly Fiorina]] ([[Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), umwhile [[Hewlett-Packard]] CEO 1999–2005; California Senate nominee in [[Unitit States Senate election in California, 2010|2010]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/05/carly-fiorina-2016-presidential-bid-117593.html | title=Carly Fiorina: 'Yes, I am running for president' | work=[[Politico]] | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=4 May 2015 | author=Gass, Nick}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031422870/15031422870.pdf | title=Carly Fiorina FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 4, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jim Gilmore]] ([[Jim Gilmore presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Virginia]] 1998–2002; Chairperson of the [[Republican National Committee]] 2001; [[Attorney General of Virginia]] 1994-1997, presidential candidate in [[Jim Gilmore presidential campaign, 2008|2008]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/759/201507299000439759/201507299000439759.pdf | title=Jim Gilmore FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 29, 2015 | accessdate=July 29, 2015}}</ref> * [[Lindsey Graham]] ([[Lindsey Graham presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Sooth Carolina]] syne 2003; U.S. Representative frae Sooth Carolina 1995–2003<ref>Jaffe, Alexandra (June 1, 2015) [http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/01/politics/lindsey-graham-presidential-announcement-election-2016/index.html "Graham bets on foreign experience in White House bid announcement"], [[CNN]]. Retrieved June 1, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/870/15031430870/15031430870.pdf | title=Lindsey Graham FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 1, 2015 | accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Mike Huckabee]] ([[Mike Huckabee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), presidential candidate in [[Mike Huckabee presidential campaign, 2008|2008]], [[Govrenor o Arkansas]] 1996–2007; [[Lieutenant Govrenor o Arkansas]] 1993–1996<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/06/us/politics/mike-huckabee-running-in-republican-presidential-primary.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=Mike Huckabee Joins Republican Presidential Race | work=[[New York Times]] | date=May 5, 2015 | accessdate=May 5, 2015 | author=Trip, Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mike Huckabee FEC Filing |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/301/15031423301/15031423301.pdf|publisher=FEC.gov|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref> * [[Bobby Jindal]] ([[Bobby Jindal presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Louisiana]] syne 2008; U.S. Representative frae Louisiana 2005–2008<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/24/bobby-jindal-to-announce-presidential-plans-wednesday/ | title=Bobby Jindal announces entry into 2016 presidential race | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 24, 2015 | accessdate=June 24, 2015 | author=Fahrenthold, David A.; Hohmann, James}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/728/15031432728/15031432728.pdf | title=Bobby Jindal FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 29, 2015 | accessdate= June 30, 2015}}</ref> * [[John Kasich]] ([[John Kasich presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Ohio]] syne 2011; U.S. Representative frae Ohio 1983–2001<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/us/politics/john-kasich-election-2016-presidential-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 | title=John Kasich Enters Crowded 2016 Race Facing Job of Catch-Up | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 21, 2015 | accessdate=July 21, 2015 | author=Stolberg, Sheryl Gay}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/022/201507230300013022/201507230300013022.pdf | title=John Kasich FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=July 23, 2015 | accessdate= July 28, 2015}}</ref> * [[George Pataki]] ([[George Pataki presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o New York]] 1995–2006; Mayor of [[Peekskill, New York|Peekskill]] 1981-1984<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/946/15031430946/15031430946.pdf|title=George Pataki FEC filing|date=June 2, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref> * [[Rand Paul]] ([[Rand Paul presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Kentucky]] syne 2011<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 | title=Republican Rand Paul announces 2016 presidential run on website | publisher=[[Reuters]] | date=April 7, 2015 | accessdate=7 April 2015 | author=Lambert, Lisa | archive-date=2015-04-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407140904/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/07/us-usa-election-paul-announcement-idUSKBN0MY17L20150407 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/07/politics/rand-paul-president-2016/ | title=Rand Paul: 'I am running for president' | publisher=[[CNN]] | date=April 7, 2015 | accessdate=7 April 2015 | author=Killough, Ashley}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/721/15970332721/15970332721.pdf|title=Rand Paul FEC filing|date=April 8, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=April 9, 2015}}</ref> * [[Rick Perry]] ([[Rick Perry presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Texas|Governor]] of [[Texas]] 2000–2015, presidential candidate in [[Rick Perry presidential campaign, 2012|2012]], [[Lieutenant Govrenor o Texas|Lieutenant Governor]] 1999–2000, [[Texas Commissioner of Agriculture|Commissioner of Agriculture]], 1991–1999<ref>{{cite web | url=http://time.com/3909057/rick-perry-2016-campaign-launch/ | title=Rick Perry Announces Presidential Bid | work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=June 4, 2015 | accessdate=June 4, 2015 | author=Beckwith , Ryan Teague; Rhodan, Maya | archive-date=2021-02-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224131808/https://time.com/3909057/rick-perry-2016-campaign-launch/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/864/15971217864/15971217864.pdf|title=Rick Perry FEC filing|date=June 19, 2015|work=FEC.gov|accessdate=June 22, 2015}}</ref> * [[Marco Rubio]] ([[Marco Rubio presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Florida]] syne 2011; [[Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives|Speaker of the Florida House]] 2007–2009<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/us/politics/marco-rubio-2016-presidential-campaign.html?smid=tw-bna | title=Marco Rubio Announces 2016 Presidential Bid | publisher=''[[The New York Times]]'' | date=April 13, 2015 | accessdate= April 13, 2015 | author=Parker, Ashley}}</ref><ref name="Pitch">Nelson, Rebecca (April 13, 2015) [http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/marco-rubio-presidential-announcement-2016-20150413 "Marco Rubio Makes His Pitch as the Fresh Face of the GOP in 2016"], ''[[National Journal]]''. Retrieved April 14, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/229/15031412229/15031412229.pdf | title=Marco Rubio FEC Filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=April 13, 2015 | accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> * [[Rick Santorum]] ([[Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), U.S. Senator frae [[Pennsylvania]] 1995–2007; U.S. Representative frae Pennsylvania 1991–1995; presidential candidate in [[Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2012|2012]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/2015/05/27/rick-santorum-2016-presidential-race/28011791/ | title=Santorum officially begins 2016 presidential campaign | work=[[USA Today]] | date=May 27, 2015 | accessdate=28 May 2015 | author=Jackson, David}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/613/15031430613/15031430613.pdf | title=Rick Santorum FEC filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=May 27, 2015 | accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> * [[Donald Trump]] ([[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), business magnate; Chairman of [[The Trump Organization]] syne 1971<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-big-2016-announcement--2015-6 | title=Donald Trump is running for president | publisher=Business Insider | date=June 16, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/donald-trump-to-announce-his-presidential-plans-today/ | title=Donald Trump announces presidential bid| publisher= Washington Post | date=June 16, 2015 | accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/291/15031432291/15031432291.pdf | title=Donald Trump FEC filing | publisher=FEC.gov | date=June 22, 2015 | accessdate=June 24, 2015}}</ref> * [[Scott Walker]] ([[Scott Walker presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]]), [[Govrenor o Wisconsin]] syne 2011<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/13/politics/scott-walker-2016-presidential-announcement/ | title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker officially enters 2016 presidential race | publisher=[[CNN]].com | date=July 13, 2015 | accessdate= July 13, 2015 | author=Burlij, Terence; Lee, MJ; LoBianco, Tom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scott Walker FEC filing|url=http://www.fec.gov/fecviewer/CandidateCommitteeDetail.do?candidateCommitteeId=P60006046&tabIndex=1|website=FEC|publisher=FEC.gov|accessdate=July 13, 2015}}</ref> <gallery perrow="6"> File:Jebcropped.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Florida|Governor]]<br>'''[[Jeb Bush]]'''<br>o [[Florida]]<br>([[Jeb Bush presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Ben Carson at CPAC 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Neurosurgeon]]<br>'''[[Ben Carson]]'''<br>o [[Maryland]]<br>([[Ben Carson presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Ted Cruz February 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Ted Cruz]]'''<br>o [[Texas]]<br>([[Ted Cruz presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Chris Christie April 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o New Jersey|Governor]]<br>'''[[Chris Christie]]'''<br>o [[New Jersey]]<br>([[Chris Christie presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Carly fiorina speaking.jpg|{{center|[[Businesswoman]]<br>'''[[Carly Fiorina]]'''<br>o [[Californie|California]]<br>([[Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Jim Gilmore 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Virginia|Governor]]<br />'''[[Jim Gilmore]]'''<br />o [[Virginia]]<br />([[Jim Gilmore presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Lindsey Graham]]'''<br>o [[Sooth Carolina]]<br>([[Lindsey Graham presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Gov Huckabee May 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Arkansas|Governor]]<br>'''[[Mike Huckabee]]'''<br>o [[Arkansas]]<br>([[Mike Huckabee presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Gov._Bobby_Jindal_in_Oklahoma_2015.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o Louisiana|Governor]]<br>'''[[Bobby Jindal]]'''<br>o [[Louisiana]]<br>([[Bobby Jindal presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor_John_Kasich.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o Ohio|Governor]]<br />'''[[John Kasich]]'''<br />o [[Ohio]]<br />([[John Kasich presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor Pataki 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o New York|Governor]]<br>'''[[George Pataki]]'''<br>o [[New York]]<br>([[George Pataki presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Rand Paul March 2015.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Rand Paul]]'''<br>o [[Kentucky]]<br>([[Rand Paul presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Gov. Perry CPAC February 2015.jpg|{{center|Former [[Governor o Texas|Governor]]<br>'''[[Rick Perry]]'''<br>o [[Texas]]<br>([[Rick Perry presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Marco Rubio, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|{{center|[[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Marco Rubio]]'''<br>o [[Florida]]<br>([[Marco Rubio presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 8.jpg|{{center|Former [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]]<br>'''[[Rick Santorum]]'''<br>o [[Pennsylvania]]<br>([[Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Donald Trump by Gage Skidmore.jpg|{{center|[[Businessman]]<br>'''[[Donald Trump]]''' <br>o [[New York]]<br>([[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} File:Governor Scott Walker.jpg|{{center|[[Governor o Wisconsin|Governor]]<br /> '''[[Scott Walker]]'''<br />o [[Wisconsin]]<br />([[Scott Walker presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])}} </gallery> ===Publicly expressit interest=== * [[Joe Biden]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democrat]]), [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] syne 2009; [[U.S. Senator]] frae [[Delaware]] 1973–2009; presidential candidate in [[Joe Biden presidential campaign, 1988|1988]] and [[Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008|2008]]<ref>Liptak, Kevin (April 20, 2015) [http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/20/politics/joe-biden-election-2016/ "Joe Biden waits as 2016 heats up"], [[CNN]].com. Retrieved May 15, 2015.</ref><ref>Walsh, Kenneth T. (May 12, 2015) [http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/ken-walshs-washington/2015/05/12/joe-biden-is-biding-his-time "Joe Biden Is Biding His Time"], ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. Retrieved May 15, 2015.</ref><ref>Caldwell, Leigh Ann (May 18, 2015) [http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/what-about-joe-biden-n360616 "All Eyes on Hillary Clinton, But Will Joe Biden Run For President?"], [[NBC News]]. Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref> * [[Gary Johnson]], ([[Libertarian Pairty]]), [[Governor o New Mexico]] 1995–2003; presidential nominee in [[Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2012|2012]]<ref>Harris, Paul (May 17, 2015) [http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/Presidential-Hopeful-Gary-Johnson-In-Reno-303971141.html "Presidential Hopeful Gary Johnson In Reno"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724161110/http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/Presidential-Hopeful-Gary-Johnson-In-Reno-303971141.html |date=2015-07-24 }}, [[KOLO-TV]]. Retrieved July 7, 2015.</ref> === Minor candidates, other pairties an independents === * [[Mark Everson]], ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]]), umwhile [[Commissioner of Internal Revenue]], umwhile Preses of the [[American Red Cross]] frae [[Mississippi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/mar/5/mark-everson-launches-gop-white-house-bid-pro-amne/|title=Mark Everson, former Reagan & Bush aide, launches GOP White House bid on pro-amnesty platform| work=[[The Washington Times]] | date=March 5, 2015 | accessdate=March 5, 2015 | author=Dinan, Stephen}}</ref><ref>Larson, Leslie (March 5, 2015) [http://www.businessinsider.com/mark-everson-launches-2016-campaign-with-emotional-letter-2015-3 "Long shot 2016 candidate launches campaign with emotional 16-page letter"], ''[[Business Insider]]''. Retrieved March 9, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/333/15950849333/15950849333.pdf|title=Mark Everson FEC filing|date=March 10, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=March 17, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jack Fellure]], ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]]), retired engineer frae [[West Virginia]]; 2012 [[Prohibition Party]] presidential nominee<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/507/12030951507/12030951507.pdf|title=Jack Fellure FEC filing|date=November 13, 2012|work=FEC|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> * [[Jill Stein]], ([[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]]), [[physeecian]] and [[Jill Stein presidential campaign, 2012|2012]] presidential nominee frae [[Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://blogs.denverpost.com/thespot/2015/06/22/green-partys-jill-stein-to-run-again-for-president/121396/| title= Green Party’s Jill Stein to run again for president| work= [[The Denver Post]]| date= June 22, 2015| accessdate= June 23, 2015| author= Bartels, Lynn| archive-date= 2015-08-09| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150809023122/http://blogs.denverpost.com/thespot/2015/06/22/green-partys-jill-stein-to-run-again-for-president/121396/| url-status= dead}}</ref> * [[Gloria La Riva]], ([[Party for Socialism and Liberation]]), newspaper printer and activist, frae [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ballot-access.org/2015/07/24/party-for-socialism-and-liberation-announces-2016-presidential-ticket/ | title=Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2016 Presidential Ticket | work=[[Ballot Access News]] | date=July 24, 2015 | accessdate=July 25, 2015 | author=[[Richard Winger|Winger, Richard]]}}</ref> * [[James Hedges]], ([[Prohibition Party]]), Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton Coonty, Pennsylvania 2002-2007<ref>{{cite web | url= http://dailycaller.com/2015/07/11/the-unknown-2016-presidential-candidates-what-you-need-to-know/| title= The Unknown 2016 Presidential Candidates: What YOU Need To Know| work=[[The Daily Caller]] | date= July 11, 2015| accessdate= July 15, 2015}}</ref> * [[Ted Williams (voice-over artist)|Ted Williams]], ([[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]]), [[voice acting|voice-over artist]] frae [[Ohio]]<ref>[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/11929d84ea8d4bb39bcf9f2c84be7c94/ex-homeless-man-golden-voice-im-running-president#overlay-context=article/30bce0dc44ca406bad2e5e0cb1781eac/man-73-rides-ohio-roller-coaster-12000th-time "Ex-homeless man with golden voice: I'm running for president"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706113619/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/11929d84ea8d4bb39bcf9f2c84be7c94/ex-homeless-man-golden-voice-im-running-president#overlay-context=article/30bce0dc44ca406bad2e5e0cb1781eac/man-73-rides-ohio-roller-coaster-12000th-time |date=2015-07-06 }}, [[Associated Press]]. June 25, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.</ref> * [[Roseanne Barr]], ([[Peace and Freedom Party]]), entertainer frae [[Hawaii]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/03/roseanne-barr-says-she-will-seek-the-peace-and-freedom-partys-presidential-nomination-again-in-2016/| title= Roseanne Barr Says She Will Seek the Peace and Freedom Party’s Presidential Nomination Again in 2016| work= Independent Political Report| date= March 11, 2015| accessdate= April 29, 2015| archive-date= 2015-07-10| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150710185952/http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/03/roseanne-barr-says-she-will-seek-the-peace-and-freedom-partys-presidential-nomination-again-in-2016/| url-status= dead}}</ref> * [[Zoltan Istvan]], ([[Transhumanist Party]]), [[futurist]], writer, [[Transhumanism|transhumanist]] philosopher frae [[Californie|California]]; founder of the [[Transhumanist Party]]<ref>Hewitt, John (October 31, 2014) [http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/192385-an-interview-with-zoltan-istvan-leader-of-the-transhumanist-party-and-2016-presidential-contender "An interview with Zoltan Istvan, leader of the Transhumanist Party and 2016 presidential contender"], [[ExtremeTech]].com. Retrieved March 7, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/11310031/Meet-the-Transhumanist-Party-Want-to-live-forever-Vote-for-me.html| title= Meet the Transhumanist Party: 'Want to live forever? Vote for me'| work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date= December 23, 2014| accessdate= March 6, 2015| author= Bartlett, Jamie}}</ref> * [[Terry Jones (pastor)|Terry Jones]], ([[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]]), [[pastor]] for [[Dove World Outreach Center]] frae [[Florida]]; presidential candidate in 2012<ref name="fringe">Gavin, Patrick (November 29, 2013) [http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/2016-election-fringe-hopefuls-100473_Page2.html "2016 already here for fringe hopefuls"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013053058/http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/2016-election-fringe-hopefuls-100473_Page2.html |date=2016-10-13 }}, ''[[Politico]]''. Retrieved November 30, 2013</ref> * [[Vermin Supreme]], ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]), [[performance artist]] and perennial candidate frae [[Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/can-a-zombie-powered-presidential-candidate-go-legit-20140522 | title=Can a Zombie-Powered Presidential Candidate Go Legit? | work=[[National Journal]] | date=May 22, 2014 | accessdate=May 22, 2014 | author=Seitz-Wald, Alex | archive-date=2014-05-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522233822/http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/can-a-zombie-powered-presidential-candidate-go-legit-20140522 | url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Waka Flocka Flame|Juaquin James Malphurs (Waka Flocka Flame)]], ([[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]]), [[Rapping|rap]] artist frae [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/waka-flocka-flame-for-president-watch-his-exclusive-campaign-video-20150420| title= Waka Flocka Flame for President: Watch His Exclusive Campaign Video| work= [[Rolling Stone]]| date= April 20, 2015| accessdate= April 21, 2015| author= Vozick-Levinson, Simon| archive-date= 2015-04-22| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150422045441/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/waka-flocka-flame-for-president-watch-his-exclusive-campaign-video-20150420| url-status= dead}}</ref> ([[Article Two of the United States Constitution#Clause 5: Qualifications for office|Constitutionally ineligible – unner age 35]]) * [[Willie Wilson (businessman)|Willie Wilson]], ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]), businessman and [[Chicago mayoral election, 2015|2015 Chicago mayoral candidate]] frae Illinois<ref>[http://wgntv.com/2015/06/01/willie-wilson-running-for-president/ Chicago businessman Willie Wilson running for president] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604085323/http://wgntv.com/2015/06/01/willie-wilson-running-for-president/ |date=2015-06-04 }} [[WGN-TV]]. June 1, 2015. Accessed June 3, 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/995/15951370995/15951370995.pdf|title=Willie Wilson FEC filing|date=May 13, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{Sister project links |d=Q699872|commons=Category:United States presidential election, 2016 |n=Category:2016 United States presidential election |wikt=no |b=no |q=no |s=no |v=no | voy=no|display=2016 U.S. presidential election}} * [http://fec.gov/press/press2013/presidential_form2nm.shtml 2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712121223/http://fec.gov/press/press2013/presidential_form2nm.shtml |date=2014-07-12 }} at the [[Federal Election Commission]] (FEC) {{Authority control}} [[Category:History o the Unitit States (1991–present)]] [[Category:2016 Unitit States presidential election| ]] [[Category:Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign]] [[Category:Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign]] [[Category:Mike Pence]] [[Category:Tim Kaine]] [[Category:November 2016 events in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Furrin electoral intervention]] qiezey4g79cxkacl48a15ltdcgsauv4 0 125203 923082 913783 2026-09-23T09:36:32Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Fred Rogers | image = Fred Rogers 2002.jpg | caption = Rogers at the [[White House]], 2002 | birth_name = Fred McFeely Rogers | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|3|20}} | birth_place = [[Latrobe, Pennsylvanie|Latrobe]], [[Pennsylvanie]], [[Unitit States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2003|2|27|1928|3|20}} | death_place = [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania, U.S. | other_names = Mister Rogers | spouse = {{marriage|Joanne Byrd|June 9, 1952}} | children = 2 | occupation = Children's televeesion presenter, actor, puppeteer, sanger, composer, televeesion producer, author, educator, Presbyterian minister | years_active = 1951–2001 | signature = FredRogersSignature.svg }} '''Fred McFeely Rogers''' (20 Mairch 1928&nbsp;– 27 Februar 2003) wis an American [[televeesion personality]], muisicker, [[puppeteer]], writer, [[televeesion producer|producer]], an [[Presbyterian]] meenister. He wis kent as the creautor, componer, producer, heid writer, an host o the preschuil telly series ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'' frae 1968 till his reteerment in 2001.<ref name="Jackson Emmanuel 2016 p. 27">{{cite book | last=Jackson | first=K.M. | last2=Emmanuel | first2=S.M. | title=Revisiting Mister Rogers' Neighborhood: Essays on Lessons About Self and Community | publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers | year=2016 | isbn=978-0-7864-7296-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbKaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT35 | access-date=2018-10-31 | page=27}}</ref> Rogers wisna happy wi the telly shaws that childer war seein. He begoud tae write an perform local [[Pittsburgh]]-airt programmes for bairns. In 1968, [[American Public Television|Eastern Educational Television Network]] begoud naitionwide [[distribution]] o Rogers's new show on [[WQED (TV)|WQED]]. For thirty years, Rogers becam a telly icon o childer's enterteenment an eddication.<ref name="Sostek">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09310/1011221-53.stm|title=Mr. Rogers takes rightful place at riverside tribute|last=Sostek|first=Anya|date=November 6, 2009|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|accessdate=September 6, 2010|archive-date=2009-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212081257/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09310/1011221-53.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Early life== Rogers wis born in [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania]] tae James Rogers an Nancy McFeely.<ref name="EarlyLife"/> His faither wis a businessman.<ref name="EarlyLife">{{cite web | title=Early Life | website=Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning & Children's Media | url=http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/about-us/about-fred/early-life/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> His mither came frae a rich Pittsburgh faimily an wis a hospital volunteer durin an efter [[World War II]].<ref name="King 2018 p. ">{{cite book | last=King | first=M. | title=The Good Neighbor: The Life and Work of Fred Rogers | publisher=ABRAMS | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-68335-349-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aNdQDwAAQBAJ | access-date=2018-10-30 | page=}}</ref> His grandfaither frae his mither's side, Fred McFeely, wis the preses o McFeely Brick, ane o Latrobe’s lairgest businesses.<ref name="latimes 2003">{{cite web | title=It's a Sad Day in This Neighborhood | website=latimes | date=2003-02-28 | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/feb/28/local/me-rogers28 | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> Rogers grew up in a lairge brick mansion at 737 Weldon Street in Latrobe.<ref name="King 2018 p. "/><ref name="VisitPA &#124; #visitPA 2018">{{cite web | title=The Fred Rogers Trail | website=VisitPA &#124; #visitPA | date=2018-06-28 | url=https://visitpa.com/fredrogers | access-date=2018-10-30 | archive-date=2018-12-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208204837/https://visitpa.com/fredrogers | url-status=dead }}</ref> While studyin at [[Rollins College]], Rogers met Sara Joanne Byrd who wis frae [[Oakland, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20031225closeup1225p3.asp|title=As promised, Joanne Rogers is doing 'fine'| last= Vancheri| first= Barbara|date= December 25, 2003|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|accessdate= December 22, 2017| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20171222012913/http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20031225closeup1225p3.asp|archivedate= December 22, 2017}}</ref> Thay war marrit on Juin 9, 1952.<ref name="UXL Newsmakers">{{cite news | title = Fred McFeely Rogers | work = UXL Newsmakers (2005) | via = Find Articles | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5221/is_2005/ai_n19141599 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080924091932/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5221/is_2005/ai_n19141599 | dead-url = yes | archive-date = September 24, 2008 | accessdate = December 13, 2007 | year=2005}}</ref> Thay haed tae sons: James, in 1959, an John, in 1961.<ref name="Vancheri">{{cite news| url= http://www.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp| title= Pittsburgh bids farewell to Fred Rogers with moving public tribute| last1= Vancheri| first1= Barbara| first2= Rob| last2= Owen| date= May 4, 2003| work= [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]| accessdate= July 30, 2010| archive-date= 2012-01-21| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120121080710/http://www.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp| url-status= dead}}</ref> ==Early career== Rogers enterit [[seminary]] efter college but wantit tae work wi telly.<ref name="Junod"/> In an interview wi [[CNN]], Rogers said, "I went into televeesion because I hatit it so, an I thought there's some way of usin this fabulous instrument to nurture those who would watch an listen".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html |last=Millman |first=Joyce |title=Salon Brilliant Careers: Fred Rogers |date=August 10, 1999 |work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |accessdate=July 30, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101218225859/http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html |archivedate= December 18, 2010 }}</ref> He applit for a job at [[NBC]] in [[New York Ceety]] in 1951 an workit first as an assistant producer, an later as a network floor director on muisical programs sic as ''[[Your Hit Parade]]'', ''[[Kate Smith|The Kate Smith Hour]]'', an ''[[The Voice o Firestone]]''.<ref name="Freshair">{{cite web | title =Terry Gross and Fred Rogers | work =[[Fresh Air with Terry Gross]] | publisher =[[NPR]] | date = February 28, 2003 | url =https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1178498 | accessdate =September 29, 2016 }} Show originally aired 1985</ref><ref name="VegTimes">{{cite news| last = Obis | first = Paul | title =America's Favorite Neighbor | work = [[Vegetarian Times]] | pages = 22–26 | date = November 1983}}</ref> He workit on [[Gabby Hayes]]'s bairns programme.<ref name="Washington Post 1982">{{cite web | title=In the Land of Make Believe, The Real Mister Rogers | website=Washington Post | date=1982-11-18 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1982/11/18/in-the-land-of-make-believe-the-real-mister-rogers/7ca0e14f-5f91-48e0-932c-898e24970890/ | access-date=2018-10-20}}</ref> == ''Mister Rogers' Neighborhood'' == ''Mister Rogers' Neighborhood'' began in 1968 an ran for 895 episodes.<ref name="Johnny Costa Pittsburghs Legendary Jazz Pianist">{{cite web | title=Filming Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood | website=Johnny Costa Pittsburgh's Legendary Jazz Pianist | url=http://www.johnnycosta.com/mister-rogers-neighborhood/filming-mister-rogers-neigh.html | access-date=2018-10-30 | archive-date=2018-11-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106004223/http://www.johnnycosta.com/mister-rogers-neighborhood/filming-mister-rogers-neigh.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> It airit on [[National Educational Television]], which later became [[PBS|The Public Broadcasting Service]].<ref name="Hart 1968">{{cite web | last=Hart | first=Ron | title=The Music of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood and Johnny Costa | website=JazzTimes | date=1968-02-19 | url=https://jazztimes.com/features/fred-rogers-neighborhood-music/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> The last set o new episodes wis tapit in Decembar 2000 an began airin in Decembar 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/TV/08/31/rogers.finale/index.html|title=Mr. Rogers says goodbye -- for now|publisher=CNN|date=August 31, 2001|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}</ref> Bi 1985, aicht percent o fowk livin in the Unitit States watchit the show.<ref name="DeFranceso" /> The program anyways started with Rogers coming home, singin his theme sang "Won't You Be My Neighbor?", an changin intae sneakers.<ref name="Television Academy Interviews 2018">{{cite web | title=Fred Rogers | website=Television Academy Interviews | date=2018-01-01 | url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/fred-rogers | access-date=2018-10-31}}</ref> In his show, Rogers wad ayeweys gang on trips, teach new things an other words on "Picture, Picture".<ref name="Detroit News 2018">{{cite web | title=DPTV celebrates 50th anniversary of ‘Mr. Rogers’ | website=Detroit News | date=2018-02-23 | url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/television/2018/02/22/review-mr-rogers-like/110729350/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref><ref name="Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning & Children's Media">{{cite web | title=100 Billionth Crayola Crayon | website=Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning & Children's Media | url=http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/portfolio_page/100-billionth-crayola-crayon/ | access-date=2018-10-31}}</ref> Each episode includit a trip tae Rogers's "[[House of Horror]]" wi a [[trolley]], a trouble for Halloween.<ref name="Collins Kimmel 1997 p. ">{{cite book | last=Collins | first=M. | last2=Kimmel | first2=M.M. | title=Mister Rogers Neighborhood: Children Television And Fred Rogers | publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-8229-8008-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9DZBAAAQBAJ | access-date=2018-10-30 | page=}}</ref> Rogers ayeweys fed his [[aquarium]] fish durin episodes an wad ayeweys say this tae his audience he wis feedin them acause he receivit a letter frae a youn blind girl who wantit tae know each time he did this.<ref name="Rogers 1996 p. ">{{cite book | last=Rogers | first=F. | title=Dear Mr. Rogers, Does It Ever Rain in Your Neighborhood?: Letters to Mr. Rogers | publisher=Penguin Publishing Group | year=1996 | isbn=978-1-101-16169-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_P4oyB1zeT4C | access-date=2018-10-30 | page=}}</ref><ref name="HuffPost 2013">{{cite web | title=WATCH: This Is Why We Will Always Love Mr. Rogers | website=HuffPost | date=2013-04-10 | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/10/mr-rogers-feeding-fish_n_3056392.html | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> The program wad end wi Rogers wingin "It's Such a Good Feelin".<ref name="Retro Junk">{{cite web | title=Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Credit Videos | website=Retro Junk | url=https://www.retrojunk.com/content/child/credits/page/4893/mister-rogers-neighborhood/9 | access-date=2018-10-26 | archive-date=2018-10-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027021713/https://www.retrojunk.com/content/child/credits/page/4893/mister-rogers-neighborhood/9 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Rogers believit nae tae act differently when he wis bein filmit an how he acted normally, sayin that "One of the greatest gifts you can give anybody is the gift o your honest self. I also believe that kids can spot a phony a mile away".<ref name="Owen 2000">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/tv/20001112rogers2.asp|last=Owen|first=Rob|date=November 12, 2000|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Magazine|accessdate=March 20, 2011|title=There goes the Neighborhood: Mister Rogers will make last episodes of show in December}}</ref> Rogers wrote awmaist aw o the muisic on the program.<ref name=songs>{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/music/2018/02/19/Joe-Negri-Fred-Rogers-composer-Neighborhood-music-jazz-Rollins-College-Johnny-Costa/stories/201802070135|title=The Music of Mister Rogers|publisher=Pittsburgh Gazette|accessdate=November 2, 2018|date=February 22, 2018}}</ref> He wantit tae teach childer tae luve themselves an others, an he talkit aboot common childhood fears wi comfortin sangs.<ref name=songs/> He ance teuk a trip tae a childer's hospital tae show childer that a hospital is nae a place tae fear.<ref name="WOUB Digital 2018">{{cite web | title=WOUB-HD to Air 'Mr. Rogers: It's You I Like' March 6 | website=WOUB Digital | date=2018-03-02 | url=https://woub.org/2018/03/02/woub-hd-air-mr-rogers-like-march-6/ | access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Rogers wad talk aboot social issues on his program includin the [[Assassination Robert F. Kennedy|assassination]] of [[Robert F. Kennedy]], racism an divorce.<ref name="Meek 2018">{{cite web | last=Meek | first=Tom | title='Won't You Be My Neighbor?' Frames Mr. Rogers As A Man On A Mission | website=WBUR | date=2018-06-05 | url=http://www.wbur.org/artery/2018/06/05/wont-you-be-my-neighbor-mr-rogers | access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Ane famous episode, Rogers soakit his feet wi Officer Clemmons ([[François Clemmons]]), who wis African-Americain, in a kiddie pool on a het day.<ref name="Blickley 2018"/> The scene wis a message o inclusion durin a time when racial [[segregation]] in the Unitit States wis common.<ref name="Blickley 2018">{{cite web | last=Blickley | first=Leigh | title=The Gay ‘Ghetto Boy’ Who Bonded With Mister Rogers And Changed The Neighborhood | website=HuffPost | date=2018-06-08 | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mister-rogers-francois-clemmons_us_5b15a5b6e4b014707d275904 | access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Rogers wis kent for havin bairns wi disabilities on his programme.<ref name="Guideposts 2018">{{cite web | title=How 'Mister Rogers' Neighborhood' Championed Children With Disabilities | website=Guideposts | date=2018-10-15 | url=https://www.guideposts.org/inspiration/inspiring-stories/how-mister-rogers-neighborhood-championed-children-with-disabilities | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> In a 1981 episode, Rogers met a young [[quadriplegic]] boy, [[Jeff Erlanger]], who showit how his electric wheelchair workit an explainit why he needed it.<ref name=JEO>{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2007/06/14/Obituary-Jeffrey-Erlanger-Quadriplegic-who-endeared-himself-to-Mister-Rogers/stories/200706140325|title=Obituary: Jeffrey Erlanger / Quadriplegic who endeared himself to Mister Rogers|publisher=Pittsburgh Gazette|accessdate=November 1, 2018|date=June 14, 2007}}</ref> Erlanger an Rogers baith sang a duet o the sang "It's You I Like".<ref name=JEO/> Afore the tapin, Erlanger haed lang been a fan o the program, an his parents wrote a letter tae Rogers askin if thay coud meet.<ref name="Guideposts 2018"/><ref>{{Cite news| url= http://ew.com/tv/2017/05/23/remembering-mr-rogers/|title=Remembering Mr. Rogers, a True-Life 'Helper' When the World Still Needs One| work= EW.com|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en}}</ref> Rogers never talkit aboot his religious beliefs on the show acause he did nae want ony viewer tae feel ignored frae the show.<ref name="The Salt Lake Tribune 2018">{{cite web | title=The surprising success - and faith - of Mister Rogers and ‘Won’t You Be My Neighbor?’ | website=The Salt Lake Tribune | date=2018-07-13 | url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/2018/07/13/surprising-success/ | access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref> Durin the [[Gulf War]], he comfortit his audience that aw childer in the neighborhood wad be well carit for an askit parents tae promise tae tak care of thair childer.<ref name="Internet Archive 2017">{{cite web | title=PBS Public Service Announcement with mister rogers : NeighborhoodVideo : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2017-10-17 | url=https://archive.org/details/youtube-7neOF2nfOgs | access-date=2018-10-26}}</ref> Efter the [[9/11|September 11 terrorist attacks]], Rogers tapit public service announcements for parents aboot how tae discuss tragic world news events wi thair childer, tellin them tae "look for the helpers".<ref name="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2012">{{cite web | title=Mr. Rogers' words of comfort revived in wake of tragedy | website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | date=2012-12-18 | url=http://www.post-gazette.com/local/region/2012/12/18/Mr-Rogers-words-of-comfort-revived-in-wake-of-tragedy/stories/201212180162 | access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> The quote continues tae gang viral followin tragic news events.<ref name="HuffPost 2018">{{cite web | title=Why Mister Rogers' Plea To 'Look For The Helpers' Still Resonates Today | website=HuffPost | date=2018-06-08 | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mister-rogers-look-for-the-helpers-quote_n_5b19477ce4b0599bc6e15b4e | access-date=2018-10-31}}</ref> == PBS fundin == [[File:Fred Rogers testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Communications, 1969.ogv|thumb|right|210px|Rogers testifyin afore the [[Unitit States Senate]] aboot [[PBS]] fundin, 1969]] In 1969, Rogers appearit afore the [[Unitit States Senate]] [[Unitit States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, an the Internet|Subcommittee on Communications]].<ref name="SenateHearing"/> His goal wis tae ask the Senate tae support fundin for [[PBS]] an the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]], acause proposit budget cuts.<ref name="SenateHearing"/> In aboot sax minutes o testimony, Rogers spoke o the need for social an emotional eddication that public television gae.<ref name="SenateHearing"/> He arguit that ither telly programmin lik his ''Neighborhood'' helpit encourage childer tae become happy ceetizens.<ref name="SenateHearing">{{cite web|title=Mister Rogers defending PBS to the US Senate|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXEuEUQIP3Q|via=YouTube|accessdate=September 1, 2016|date=June 29, 2007}}</ref> The chairman o the subcommittee, [[John O. Pastore]], did nae know Rogers or his work an wis whiles said tae be impatient.<ref name="SenateHearing"/><ref name=Testimony/> Houiver, efter Rogers, Pastore said that the testimony haed gien him goosebumps, an said, "I think it's wonderful. Looks like you just earnit the $20&nbsp;million".<ref name="SenateHearing"/> The subsequent congressional appropriation, for 1971, increasit [[PBS]] fundin frae $9&nbsp;million tae $22&nbsp;million.<ref name=Testimony>{{cite web |url=http://exhibit.fredrogerscenter.org/advocacy-for-children/videos/view/969/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617021935/http://exhibit.fredrogerscenter.org/advocacy-for-children/videos/view/969/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=June 17, 2012|title=Fred Rogers Beyond the Neighborhood: Senate Committee Hearing|website=Fred Rogers Center|accessdate=May 27, 2014|year=1969}}</ref> ===Other works=== In 1978, while takin a break frae tapin new ''Neighborhood'' episodes, Rogers hostit an interview program for adults on PBS callit ''Old Friends...New Friends''.<ref name="new friends">{{cite web | title=Fred Rogers Moves into a New Neighborhood—and So Does His Rebellious Son | website=PEOPLE.com | date=1978-05-15 | url=https://people.com/archive/fred-rogers-moves-into-a-new-neighborhood-and-so-does-his-rebellious-son-vol-9-no-19/ | ref={{sfnref | PEOPLE.com | 1978}} | access-date=2018-10-26}}</ref> The anly time Rogers appearit on telly as someone ither than himsel wis in 1996 when he playit a preacher on ane episode o ''[[Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman]].''<ref name="DeFranceso" /> Rogers voicit himsel on the "Arthur Meets Mister Rogers" episode o the PBS Kids series ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''.<ref>[http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=6391 Fred Rogers – Voice Actor Profile at Voice Chasers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120070946/http://voicechasers.com/database/showactor.php?actorid=6391 |date=2018-11-20 }}. Retrieved October 19, 2012</ref> ==Personal life== Rogers haed an apartment in [[New York Ceety]] an a simmer home on [[Nantucket|Nantucket Island]] in [[Massachusetts]].<ref name="Junod">{{cite web|url=http://esquire.com/features/articles/2003/030227_mfe_rogershero_1.html |title=Can You Say ... 'Hero'? |last=Junod |first=Tom |date=November 1998 |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |accessdate=July 30, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030301184814/http://esquire.com/features/articles/2003/030227_mfe_rogershero_1.html |archivedate=March 1, 2003 }}</ref> Rogers wis reid–green [[color blind]],<ref name="Roddy">{{cite news| last = Roddy| first = Dennis| title = Fred Rogers kept it simple, and elegantly so| work = Pittsburgh Post-Gazette| date = March 1, 2003| url = http://www.post-gazette.com/columnists/20030301roddy5.asp| accessdate = 2007-12-12| archive-date = 2011-06-04| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110604014125/http://www.post-gazette.com/columnists/20030301roddy5.asp| url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Human swimming|swam]] every mornin, an neither smoked nor drank.<ref name="Millman">{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html|last=Millman|first=Joyce|title=Salon Brilliant Careers: Fred Rogers|date=August 10, 1999|work=[[Salon.com]]|publisher=Salon Media Group|accessdate=July 30, 2010|archive-date=2010-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218225859/http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/08/10/rogers/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] on acause he believit it wis wrong, sayin "I don't want to eat anythin that has a mother".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/about/about-fred-rogers/legacy-of-fred-rogers/ |title=Legacy of Fred Rogers |accessdate=September 21, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909022025/http://www.fredrogerscenter.org/about/about-fred-rogers/legacy-of-fred-rogers |url-status=dead }}</ref> Despite popular rumors, he never servit in the military as a [[Unitit States Navy SEALs|Navy SEAL]] durin the [[Vietnam War]] an never haed [[tattoos]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Emery |first=David |url=http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/fredrogers/a/mr_rogers.htm |title=Mr. Rogers Was a Marine Sniper / Navy SEAL? |publisher=Urbanlegends.about.com |date=November 26, 2011 |accessdate=December 22, 2011 |archive-date=2007-05-22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070522030434/http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/fredrogers/a/mr_rogers.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/m/mrrogers.htm |title=Mr. Rogers Was a Sniper in Vietnam-Fiction! |publisher=Truthorfiction.com |accessdate=December 22, 2011 |archive-date=2016-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530113339/http://www2.truthorfiction.com/rumors/m/mrrogers.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/radiotv/tv/mrrogers.asp |title=Won't You Be My Fiend? |publisher=snopes.com |date=August 7, 2007 |accessdate=December 22, 2011}}</ref> In 1992, he wis awardit the [[Peabody Award]].<ref name="Peabody Award">{{cite web|url=http://www.peabodyawards.com/stories/story/peabody-awards-book|title=George Foster Peabody Award Winners|publisher=University of Georgia, George Foster Peabody Award|access-date=2018-11-03|archive-date=2014-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007024156/http://www.peabodyawards.com/stories/story/peabody-awards-book|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Death== Rogers wis diagnosit wi [[stomach cancer]] in December 2002, nae lang efter his retirement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sdpb.org/blogs/children-and-education/mr-rogers-shows-us-how-crayons-are-made/|title=Mister Rogers Shows Us How Crayons Are Made|publisher=South Dakota Public Broadcasting|accessdate=November 2, 2018|date=February 25, 2015}}</ref> He haed surgery on Januar 6, 2003, which wis unsuccessful.<ref name="Owen">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/20030228rogersae1p1.asp|title=Fred Rogers dies at 74|last=Owen|first=Rob|author2=Barbara Vancheri|date=February 28, 2003|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|accessdate=July 30, 2010|archive-date=2011-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219034451/http://post-gazette.com/ae/20030228rogersae1p1.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Everhart">{{cite news|url=http://www.current.org/ch/ch0305rogers.html|title=Fred Rogers, 1928–2003|last=Everhart|first=Karen|date=March 10, 2003|work=[[Current (newspaper)|Current]]|accessdate=July 30, 2010|archive-date=2011-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617112833/http://www.current.org/ch/ch0305rogers.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A week earlier, he wis [[grand marshal]] o the [[Tournament o Roses Parade]], wi [[Art Linkletter]] an [[Bill Cosby]].<ref name="Tournament of Roses">{{cite web|url=http://www.tournamentofroses.com/photogallery/GMs/gm2003b.htm|title=Grand Marshal Slide Show Main|year=2004|publisher=Tournament of Roses|accessdate=February 26, 2010|archive-date=2006-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111085233/http://www.tournamentofroses.com/photogallery/GMs/gm2003b.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rogers died on the mornin o Februar 27, 2003 efter slippin intae a [[coma]], at his home in Pittsburgh wi his wife bi his side, less nor a month afore he wad hae turnit 75.<ref>Lewis, Daniel (February 28, 2003). [https://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20030228friday.html Fred Rogers, Host of 'Mister Rogers' Neighborhood,' Dies at 74], ''The New York Times''. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uscatholic.org/articles/201804/saintliness-fred-rogers-31370|title=The Saintliness of Fred Rogers|publisher=USCatholic.org|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}</ref> Mair nor 2,700 fowk went tae his memorial service at [[Heinz Hall]], includin umwhile ''[[Good Morning America]]'' host [[David Hartman (TV personality)|David Hartman]], [[Teresa Heinz Kerry]], philanthropist Elsie Hillman, [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] Preses [[Pat Mitchell]], ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' creautor [[Marc Brown (author)|Marc Brown]], an ''[[The Very Hungry Caterpillar]]'' author-illustrator [[Eric Carle]].<ref name=freds>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-two-freds-when-phelps-protested-mr-rogerss-memorial|title=The Two Freds: When Phelps Protested Mr. Rogers’s Memorial|publisher=The New Yorker|date=March 20, 2014|accessdate=November 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name=memorial>{{cite web|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp|title=Pittsburgh Bids Farewell to Fred Rogers with Moving Public Tribute|accessdate=November 2, 2018|date=May 4, 2003|archive-date=2022-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106134558/http://old.post-gazette.com/localnews/20030504rogers0504p1.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rogers is burit at Unity Cemetery in Latrobe.<ref name="King 2018 p. 443">{{cite book | last=King | first=M. | title=The Good Neighbor: The Life and Work of Fred Rogers | publisher=ABRAMS | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-68335-349-2 | url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=aNdQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT443 | access-date=2018-10-28 | page=443}}</ref> ==Honors== Rogers wis honorit wi the [[Presidential Medal o Freedom]] bi Preses [[George W. Bush]], forty honorary degrees, an a [[Peabody Award]]. He wis addit intae the [[Televeesion Hall o Fame]].<ref name="Television Hall of Fame">{{cite web|title=Hall of Fame |publisher=Academy of Television Arts & Sciences |accessdate=December 3, 2008 |url=http://cdn.emmys.tv/awards/halloffame/hofarchive.php |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216013417/http://cdn.emmys.tv/awards/halloffame/hofarchive.php |archivedate=December 16, 2008 }}</ref> He wis listit nummer 35 o the ''[[TV Guide]]''<nowiki/>'s ''Fifty Greatest TV Stars o All Time''.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1996 |title=Special Collectors' Issue: 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time |journal=[[TV Guide]]|issue=December 14–20, 1996}}</ref> The [[Smithsonian Institution]] haes ane of his sweaters as a "Treasure o Americain History". ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Ither wabsteids== * [http://pbskids.org/rogers/ Official Site at PBS Kids] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016030053/http://pbskids.org/rogers/ |date=2016-10-16 }} * {{IMDb name|0736872}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rogers, Fred}} [[Category:1898 births]] [[Category:2003 daiths]] [[Category:Cancer daiths in Pennsylvanie]] [[Category:Daiths frae painch cancer]] sgu6hsh2ftlhofo69y62tmulvx11v2v 0 135612 923084 852907 2026-09-23T10:02:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox information appliance |title = Game Boy Advance |logo = [[File:Gameboy advance logo.svg|frameless|upright=1.15]] |image = [[File:Nintendo-Game-Boy-Advance-Purple-FL.jpg|border|frameless|upright=1.15]] |caption = 1st generation Game Boy Advance |manufacturer = [[Nintendo]] |family = [[Game Boy line]] |type = [[Haundheld gemme console]] |generation = [[History o video gemmes (Saxt generation era)|Saxt generation era]] |lifespan = {{vgrelease|JP=March 21, 2001<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ca.ign.com/articles/2000/08/24/game-boy-advance-its-finally-unveiled |title=Game Boy Advance: It's Finally Unveiled |author= |date=August 23, 2000 |publisher=IGN |accessdate=July 19, 2014}}</ref>|NA=June 11, 2001<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/e3-2001-nintendo-unleashes-gamecube-software-a-new-miyamoto-game-and-more/1100-2761390/ |title=E3 2001: Nintendo unleashes GameCube software, a new Miyamoto game, and more |last=Fielder |first=Lauren |date=May 16, 2001 |publisher=GameSpot |accessdate=July 19, 2014}}</ref>|PAL=June 22, 2001<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/article_30377 |title=GBA Day: June 22nd |last=Bramwell |first=Tom |date=March 21, 2001 |publisher=Eurogamer |accessdate=July 19, 2014}}</ref>}}{{vgrelease|China|CN|June 8, 2004}}{{vgrelease|Brazil|BR|March 4, 2002}}{{vgrelease|Sooth Korea|KOR|June 11, 2001}} |discontinued = {{vgrelease|BR=2003}}{{vgrelease|JP=2006|EU=2007}}{{vgrelease|NA=2008}} (Korean, April 1, 2003) |CPU = 16.78 MHz [[ARM7TDMI]]<br>8 or 4 MHz [[Z80]] coprocessor |GPU = Custom 2D core |media = [[ROM cartridge]] |display = 240×160 pixel resolution |unitssold = Warldwide: 81.51 million, aw versions combined <small>(as o Juin 30, 2010)</small>.<br />Japan: 16.96 million<br />[[Americas]]: 41.64 million<br />Ither: 22.91 million<ref name="sales">{{cite web |url=http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e1006.pdf |title=Consolidated Sales Transition by Region |date=2010-07-28 |publisher=Nintendo |accessdate=2014-07-19 |format=PDF |archive-date=2014-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719233051/http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e1006.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |topgame = ''[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire|Pokémon Ruby'' and ''Sapphire]]'', 16 million combined<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/202366/Pokemon_X__Y_sell_4M_copies_in_first_weekend.php |title=Pokemon X & Y sell 4M copies in first weekend |last=Rose |first=Mike |date=October 15, 2013 |work=Gamasutra |publisher=Think Services |accessdate=July 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019020122/http://gamasutra.com/view/news/202366/Pokemon_X__Y_sell_4M_copies_in_first_weekend.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> |compatibility = [[Game Boy]], [[Game Boy Color]] <small>(GBA & GBA SP only)</small> |predecessor = [[Game Boy Color]]<ref name=asks>{{cite interview|last=Umezu|last2=Sugino|last3=Konno|interviewer=Satoru Iwata|title=Nintendo 3DS (Volume 3 – Nintendo 3DS Hardware Concept)|url=http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/3ds/how-nintendo-3ds-made/1/0|format=Transcript|program=Iwata Asks|callsign=Nintendo|accessdate=March 7, 2011}}</ref> |successor = [[Game Boy Advance SP]] (redesign)<br>[[Game Boy Micro]] (redesign/concurrent)<br>[[Nintendo DS]] (successor) }} The {{nihongo|'''Game Boy Advance'''|ゲームボーイアドバンス|Gēmu Bōi Adobansu|lead=yes}}, eften shortened tae '''GBA''', is a 32-bit [[haundheld gemme console|haundheld video gemme console]] developed, manufacturt an mercatit bi [[Nintendo]]. It is the successor tae the [[Game Boy Color]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Game Boy Advance}} [[Category:2000s toys]] [[Category:Backwart-compatible video gemme consoles]] [[Category:Discontinued products]] [[Category:Game Boy Advance| ]] [[Category:Game Boy consoles]] [[Category:Gymnopédies]] [[Category:Haundheld gemme consoles]] [[Category:IQue consoles]] [[Category:Products introduced in 2001]] [[Category:Regionless gemme consoles]] [[Category:Saxt-generation video gemme consoles]] pauxr8l5hzfo8hwgrxiq7czhgs2aqhg 0 138841 923060 888175 2026-09-23T06:43:23Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=November 2023}} {{Infobox former country | conventional_long_name = <!--?: The--> Confederate States of America | common_name = <!--?: The--> Confederate States of America | continent = North Americae | region = Soothren States | country = Unitit States o Americae | status = [[Leet o heestorical unrecognised states|Unrecognised state]]<ref name="history-state-gov">{{cite web |url=http://history.state.gov/milestones/1861-1865/Confederacy |title=Preventing Diplomatic Recognition of the Confederacy, 1861–1865 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2013-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828005906/http://history.state.gov/milestones/1861-1865/Confederacy |url-status=dead }}</ref> | year_start = 1861 | year_end = 1865 <!--***********************************************************************************--> <!-- By previous consensus, the following flag should not be changed. --> <!-- (See [[Talk:Confederate States of America/Archive 10#RFC Infobox flag choice]]) --> <!--***********************************************************************************--> | flag = Banners o the Confederate States o Americae | flag_type = Banner {{small|(1861–1863)}} | image_flag = Flag of the Confederate States of America (1861-1863).svg{{!}}border <!--***********************************************************************************--> | symbol = Great Seal o the Confederate States o Americae | symbol_type = Great Seal {{small|(1863–1865)}} | image_coat = Seal of the Confederate States of America.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|[[Deo Vindice|Deo vindice]]|italics=on}}<br />{{small|"Unner God, oor Vindicator"}} | national_anthem = {{ublist|class=nowrap |''Nane offeecial'' |"[[God Save the Sooth]]" {{smaller|(unoffeecial)}} |"[[The Bonnie Blue Banner]]" {{smaller|(popular)}} |"[[Dixie (sang)|Dixie]]" {{smaller|(tradeetional)}} }} | image_map = Confederate States of America (orthographic projection).svg | image_map_caption = The Confederate States in 1862. Licht green denotes claims made bi the Confederacy. Medium green denotes wastren coonties o Virginie that separatit frae that State an war admittit tae the Union as Wast Virginie. Teal denotes the rest o the Indian Territory that did nae sign a treaty wi the CSA. | capital = {{ublist|item_style=margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0 |[[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]] {{smaller|(till Mey 29, 1861)}} |[[Richmond, Virginie|Richmond]] {{smaller|(till Apryle 3, 1865)}}}} | common_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] {{smaller|(''[[de facto]]'')}} | government_type = [[Federalism|Federal]]/[[Confederal]] [[Presidential seestem|presidential]] [[non-pairtisan democracy|non-pairtisan]] [[republic]] | title_leader = [[Preses o the Confederate States o Americae|Preses]] | leader1 = [[Jefferson Davis]] | year_leader1 = 1861–65 | title_deputy = [[Vice President of the Confederate States o Americae|Vice Preses]] | deputy1 = [[Alexander H. Stephens|Alexander Stephens]] | year_deputy1 = 1861–65 | legislature = [[Congress o the Confederate States|Congress]] | house1 = [[Senate o the Confederate States|Senate]] | house2 = [[Hoose o Representatives o the Confederate States|Hoose o Representatives]] | era = [[American Ceevil War]]<br />[[Internaitional relations o the Great Pouers (1814–1919)]] | event_start = Confederacy formed | date_start = Februar 4 | event1 = [[Confederate States Constitution|Constitution adoptit]] | date_event1 = Mairch 11, 1861 | event2 = [[Battle o Fort Sumter]] | date_event2 = Aprile 12, 1861 | event3 = [[Siege o Vicksburg]] | date_event3 = Mey 18, 1863 | event4 = [[Battle o Appomattox Coort Hoose|Militar collapse]] | date_event4 = Aprile 9, 1865 | event_end = Dissolution | date_end = Mey 5, | stat_year1=1860{{smallsup|1}} |stat_area1=1995392 |stat_pop1=9103332 | stat_year2=Slaves{{smallsup|2}} |stat_area2= |stat_pop2=3521110 | currency = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Confederate States dollar]] |[[Soothren States Confederate Siller|State sillers]]}} | p1=Sooth Carolina in the American Ceevil War{{!}}{{nowrap|Sooth Carolina}} |flag_p1=Fort Moultrie flag.svg | p2=Mississippi in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Mississippi |flag_p2=Flag of Mississippi (1861-1894).svg | p3=Florida in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Florida |flag_p3=Flag of Florida (1861-1865).svg | p4=Alabama in the American Ceevil War{{!}}{{nowrap|Alabama}} |flag_p4=Alabama 1861 Obverse.svg | p5=Georgie in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Georgie |flag_p5=Flag of Georgia non official.svg | p6=Louisiana in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Louisiana|flag_p6=Louisiana Feb 11 1861.svg | p7=Texas in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Texas |flag_p7=Flag of Texas.svg | p8=Virginie in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Virginie |flag_p8=Flag of Virginia (1861).svg | p9=Arkansas in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Arkansas |flag_p9=Proposed_Arkansas_flag_(1910).svg | p10=North Carolina in the American Ceevil War{{!}}{{nowrap|North Carolina}}|flag_p10=Flag of North Carolina (1861).svg | p11=Tennessee in the American Ceevil War{{!}}Tennessee|flag_p11=Tennessee 1861 proposed.svg | s1=Unitit States|flag_s1=U.S. flag, 34 stars.svg |today = {{Nowrap|{{Flag|Unitit States|name=Unitit States|size=23px}}}} | footnotes = {{ublist |{{sup|1}} Aurie an population values dae nae include Missouri an Kentucky nor the [[Arizona Territory (Confederate States o Americae)|Confederate Territory o Arizona]]. {{nowrap|Water area: 5.7%.}} |{{sup|2}} Slaves includit in abuin population coont&nbsp;([http://www.civil-war.net/pages/1860_census.html 1860 Census]).}} }} The '''Confederate States o Americae''' ('''CSA''' or '''C.S.'''), commonly referred tae as the '''Confederacy''', wis a [[confederation]] o [[secession]]ist [[U.S. state|American states]] existin frae 1861 tae 1865. It wis oreeginally formed bi seiven [[slave states]] in the [[Deep Sooth|Lawer Sooth]] region o the [[Unitit States]] whase regional economy wis maistly dependent upon agricultur, pairteecularly [[cotton]], an a [[Plantations in the American Sooth|plantation seestem]] that relied upon the labor o [[African-American]] [[Slavery in the Unitit States|slaves]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Industry and Economy during the Civil War|url=http://www.nps.gov/resources/story.htm?id=251|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=2016-03-14|archive-date=2016-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308075759/http://www.nps.gov/resources/story.htm?id=251|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1861 establishments in the Confederate States o Americae]] [[Category:1861 establishments in the Unitit States]] [[Category:1865 disestablishments in the Confederate States o Americae]] [[Category:1865 disestablishments in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Confederate States o Americae| ]] [[Category:Economic history o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Umwhile confederations]] [[Category:Umwhile poleetical entities in North Americae]] [[Category:Umwhile republics]] [[Category:Umwhile unrecognised kintras]] [[Category:History o the Soothren Unitit States]] [[Category:Poleetical history o the American Ceevil War|*]] [[Category:Secession in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Social history o the American Ceevil War|*]] [[Category:Social history o the Unitit States]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1861]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in 1865]] cnjhjpvpp2xm4ohfgo276vcpaimsg7i 0 142960 923066 895441 2026-09-23T08:00:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox NRHP | name = Downtown Historic District | nrhp_type = hd | nocat = yes | image = Madame Tussauds, Washington, D.C. 2011 2.jpg | caption = | location= Roughly, 7th St. frae Pennsylvania Ave. tae Mt. Vernon Sq., an F St. atween 11th an 7th Sts., NW, [[Washington, D.C.]] | locmapin = District of Columbia | architect OR builder = Multiple | architecture = Late 19t An 20t Century Revivals, Late Victorian | added = 22 September 2001 | area = {{convert|50|acre}} | governing_body = Federal | refnum = 84003901<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> | district_map = map downtown dc.jpg | map_caption = Map o Washington, D.C., wi dountoun Washington hiehlichtit in reid }} '''Downtown''' is a neebourheid o [[Washington, D.C.]], as well as a colloquial name for the [[central business destrict]] in the [[:en:Northwest, Washington, D.C.|northwast quadrant]] o the ceety. Geografically, the aurie extends roughly five tae sax blocks wast, northwast, north, northeast, an east o the [[White House]]. Several important museums, theaters, an a major sports venue are locatit in the aurie. A portion o this aurie is kent as the '''Downtown Historic District''' an wis leetit on the [[National Register of Historic Places|NRHP]] in 2001.<ref name=nris/> ==Location== [[Image:Farragut square from southeast.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Farragut Square Park, in downtown Washington, D.C., wi office complexes visible ahint.]] The boondars o the Downtown destrict are irregular an difficult tae define.<ref name="Dickey113">Dickey, p. 113.</ref> Historically, dountoun wis boondit bi [[:en:Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Pennsylvania Avenue]] NW, [[:en:New York Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|New York Avenue NW]], [[:en:Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Massachusetts Avenue NW]], an Indiana Avenue NW.<ref name="Dickey113" /> This aurie includes the [[Penn Quarter]], [[Mount Vernon Square]], [[Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)|Chinatown]], an [[Judiciary Square]] neebourheids. Wi the growthe o the ceety, "dountoun" is nou considered tae include [[Federal Triangle]], the [[Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site]], the [[:en:K Street (Washington, D.C.)|K Street NW]] corridor wast tae [[:en:Connecticut Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Connecticut Avenue NW]], an the Connecticut Avenue NW corridor belaw the [[Dupont Circle]] neebourheid.<ref name="Dickey113" /> Housomeivver, in 2004 ''[[Frommer's]]'' defined dountoun's boondars as 7t Street NW, Pennsylvania Avenue NW, 22nt Street NW, an P Street NW.<ref name="Ford73">Ford, p. 73.</ref> This definition includes the neebourheids leetit abuin, as well as [[Foggy Bottom]], [[West End, Washington, D.C.|West End]], [[Logan Circle, Washington, D.C.|Logan Circle]], an the lawer pairt o the Dupont Circle neebourheid. This mair expansive definition o dountoun is due tae extensive construction o major new office biggins aroond [[Farragut Square]], wast alang K Street NW, an alang Connecticut Avenue NW.<ref name="Gutheim">Gutheim and Lee, p. 293-294.</ref> Similar construction in the aurie east o 7t Street tae [[:en:Union Station (Washington, D.C.)|Union Station]] (boondit on the north bi Massachusetts Avenue NW an tae the sooth bi [[:en:Constitution Avenue|Constitution Avenue NW]]) wis, bi the mid 2000s, beginnin tae push the boondar o "dountoun" eastwaird.<ref name="Gutheim" /> [[:en:Cassidy Turley|Cassidy & Pinkard]], a real estate commercial services company, defined dountoun in 2004 as extendin frae P Street NW sooth tae Constitution Avenue NW, an frae 15t Street NW east tae 4t Street NW.<ref name="Pristin">Pristin, Terry. "Washington Makes Downtown a Destination Again." ''New York Times.'' September 1, 2004.</ref> This is maistly concurrent wi the definition adoptit bi ''Frommer's''. ==Character, attractions, an services== Bi the 1990s an continuin intae the 2010s, the core o the dountown destrict wis amaist exclusively commercial, an its primar commercial uise wis as office biggins.<ref name="Bdener243">Bednar, p. 243.</ref> The aurie featurt a nummer o attractions an aw, includin museums (sic as the [[International Spy Museum]], [[:en:National Aquarium in Washington, D.C.|National Aquarium]], [[:en:National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]], [[National Building Museum]], [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], [[:en:National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]], [[Newseum]], and [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]]) an theaters (sic as [[Ford's Theatre]], [[:en:National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|National Theatre]], [[Shakespeare Theatre Company|Shakespeare Theatre]], [[Warner Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|Warner Theatre]], an [[Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company|Woolly Mammoth Theatre]]).<ref name="Jabado5760">Jabado, p. 57-60.</ref> The Penn Quarter and Chinatown auries in pairticular are hame tae mony bars an restaurants,<ref name="Jabado57">Jabado, p. 57.</ref> an the observation deck in the touer o the [[Old Post Office Pavilion]] is kent for its spectacular views o the ceety.<ref>Jabado, p. 60.</ref> 7t Street NW atween H an F Streets NW—a short commercial strip kent as "Gallery Place"—haes acome a major hub o bars, restaurants, theaters, an upscale retail shops.<ref name="GalleryPlace">Davenport, Christian; du Lac, J. Freedom; Rosenwald, Michael S.; Schulte, Brigid; Shapira, Ian; Shin, Annys; and Sieff, Kevin. "Fights, Teens Among Challenges as D.C.'s Gallery Place Entertainment Area Matures." ''Washington Post.'' August 13, 2010.</ref> Housomeivver, even as late as 2010, maist o the core aurie tendit tae be empty o pedestrian fuit traffeck at nicht, except for streets immediately aroond theaters an restaurants.<ref name="Bdener243" /><ref>Jabado, p. 59.</ref> Downtown D.C. haes been addin residents, housomeivver, an pedestrian traffec at nicht is increasin. In 1990, the aurie haed aboot 4,000 residents, but this haed increased tae 8,449 bi 2010.<ref name="OConnellCoda">O'Connell, Jonathan. "Mixed-Use Project Is Coda for Downtown D.C. Revival." ''Washington Post.'' April 5, 2011.</ref> Sic increases appear smaw, but are mair significant than thay seem acause the ceety's hicht restrictions leemit population density.<ref name="Pristin" /> The completion o the $950 million [[CityCenterDC]] project in late 2013 is estimatit tae add anither 1,000 or mair residents.<ref name="OConnellCoda" /> Ane exception tae the law nichttime fuit traffec is Gallery Place. Lairge crouds gather day an nicht at Gallery Place, especially efter sportin events at the [[Verizon Center]].<ref name="GalleryPlace" /> Crime an street brawls in the aurie skyrocketit in the aurie an its adjacent [[:en:Gallery Place (WMATA station)|Gallery Place]] Metro station atween 2008 an 2010, primarily due tae the lairge groups o teenagers (frae throuoot the metropolitan region) gatherin thare.<ref name="GalleryPlace" /> Several notable restaurants exist in the dountoun destrict, includin [[Fogo de Chão]], [[Kinkead's]], [[Loeb's NY Deli]], [[Old Ebbitt Grill]], an Wok 'n' Roll (locatit in the [[Mary E. Surratt Boarding House]]). Chinatown an Gallery Place are notit for bein geografically smaw but haeing a vera lairge nummer o restaurants.<ref name="Jabado57" /> The Verizon Center (oreeginally namit the MCI Center), a major basketbaw, hockey, an events venue, opened in the Chinatown neebourheid on the eastren edge o the dountoun destrict in 1997.<ref name="McGregor">McGregor, p. 285.</ref> It pruivit tae be a major attraction, drawin mair nor 20 million visitors in its first decade o operation.<ref name="McGregor" /> ===Ceetyscape=== The majority o downtown Washington is componit o office biggins o varyin airchitectural styles. The auldest tend tae be o the [[Federal airchitectur|Federal]] schuil, as are the [[White House]], the [[:en:Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)|Treasury Building]], [[Blair House]], an the [[tounhoose|rowhooses]] that line [[:en:President's Park|Lafayette Square]]. Ithers run the gamut frae [[:en:Neoclassical architecture|Neoclessical]] (sic as the biggins at Federal Triangle)<ref>"Mellon Indorses Building Program of Classic Style." ''Washington Post.'' December 11, 1927.</ref> tae [[Second Empire architecture|Second Empire-style]] (the [[Eisenhower Executive Office Building]])<ref>Smith, et al., p. 85.</ref> tae [[:en:Postmodern architecture|postmodren]] (One [[Farragut Square]] South<ref>"12-Story Building for District." ''Washington Post.'' November 12, 1960.</ref> and Franklin Touer at 1401 I Street NW).<ref>Hilzenrath, David S. "Building In Defiance of the Bust." ''Washington Post.'' December 31, 1990; "Franklin Tower." ''Washington Times.'' January 17, 2000.</ref> ====Hicht restriction==== Unlik ither lairge ceeties in the U.S., Washington's downtown haes a law skyline. Wi the advent o the [[skyscraper]] an the construction o the [[:en:Cairo Apartment Building|Cairo Hotel]], residents wur concerned that the ceety's [[Europe]]an feel micht be dwarfit bi heich-rise biggins. Congress tharefore passed the [[:en:Heights of Buildings Act of 1910|Heights of Buildings Act]] in 1899, limitin ony new biggin in Washington tae a hicht o {{convert|110|ft}}. The act wis amendit in 1910 tae allou biggins {{convert|20|ft}} heicher than the width o the adjacent street.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/30/AR2006063001316.html?nav=rss_print/outlook Grunwald, Michael. "D.C.'s Fear of Heights." ''Washington Post.'' July 2, 2006.]</ref> {{As of|2016}}, the tawest biggin in downtown Washington—excludin the [[Washington Monument]], [[Unitit States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]], [[Washington National Cathedral]], an the [[Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]], aw o which are ootside o the downtown destrict—is the Old Post Office Pavilion, whose {{convert|315|ft|m|adj=on}} taw clock touer looms far abuin ither nearbi structurs.<ref>Minetor and Minetor, p. 38.</ref> The tawest commercial biggin is [[One Franklin Square]], at {{convert|210|ft}}.<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/building/1franklinsquare-washington-dc-usa "One Franklin Square." Emporis.com. 2011.] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Accessed 2011-09-02.</ref> ===Pairks an public squares=== A nummer o public [[urban pairk]]s exist in the downtown aurie. Amang the mair prominent are: [[Farragut Square]], [[:en:Franklin Square (Washington, D.C.)|Franklin Square]], Judiciary Square, [[President's Park|Lafayette Square]] (the portion o [[President's Park]] north o the [[White House]]), [[McPherson Square]], Mount Vernon Square, [[Pershing Park]], [[Scott Circle]], [[Thomas Circle]], an [[Washington Circle]]. The lairgest pavit square in the ceety, [[Freedom Plaza]], is locatit on Pennsylvania Avenue NW atween 13t an [[:en:14th Street Northwest and Southwest (Washington, D.C.)|14th Streets NW]]. ==Govrenance== Twa [[business improvement destrict]]s kiver the downtown D.C. aurie. The Downtown DC Business Improvement District (Downtown DC BID) is boondit bi 16t Street NW, Massachusetts Avenue NW, an Constitution Avenue NW, an is fundit bi a voluntar tax providit bi 825 businesses in the aurie.<ref name="Ford69">Ford, p. 69.</ref> The Golden Triangle Business Improvement District (Golden Triangle BID) is boondit bi 16t Street NW, Massachusetts Avenue NW, 21st Street NW, an Pennsylvania Avenue NW.<ref name="Ford69" /> Baith BIDs wirk tae enhance the diversity o business in thair respective jurisdictions as well as the quality o life bi providin directions for tourists, impruivin street an sidewalk cleanliness, an advisin polis aboot potential or existin problems. Various federal ([[:en:Federal Protective Service (United States)|Federal Protective Service]], [[Federal Bureau o Investigation]], [[Unitit States Secret Service|Secret Service]], [[United States Mint Police]], [[United States Park Police]], etc.), ceety ([[Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia]], [[District of Columbia Housing Authority Office of Public Safety]]), an regional ([[Metro Transit Police Department]]) law enforcement agencies hae concurrent, owerlappin jurisdiction in downtown D.C.<ref>Dempsey and Forst, p. 45.</ref> Baith BIDs in the aurie provide semi-uniformit unsworn polis forces an aw, which help tae maintain order an provide street intelligence bi communicatin via cell phone wi the Metropolitan Police Department an Metro Transit Police.<ref>Manning, p. 113.</ref> D.C. Housing Authority Police dae no hae jurisdiction ootside public hoosin, but dae patrol Gallery Place tae pick up an provide intelligence on the activities o youth congregatin thare who live in ceety-providit hoosin units.<ref name="GalleryPlace" /> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.downtowndc.org/ Downtown DC Business Improvement District] * [http://www.goldentriangledc.com/ Golden Triangle Business Improvement District] {{geographic location |Centre =Downtown |North =[[Logan Circle, Washington, D.C.|Logan Circle]] |Northwast =[[Dupont Circle]] |West =[[West End, Washington, D.C.|West End]] |Soothwast =[[Foggy Bottom]] |Sooth =[[National Mall]] |Sootheast =[[Penn Quarter]] |East =[[Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)|Chinatown]] |Northeast =[[Mount Vernon Square]]}} {{Coord|38|54|9|N|77|1|58.3|W|display=title}} [[Category:Neebourheids in Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Central business destricts in the Unitit States|Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Victorian airchitectur in Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Historic destricts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]] 1hyxkr04w0vn69zixnkh51xwsjy5s8v 0 154465 923044 824145 2026-09-23T04:10:46Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Brenda Song 2009 (Cropped).jpg | caption = Song at the [[Up (2009 film)|Up]] premiere on Mey 16, 2009 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1988|3|27}}<ref name=tvguide /> | birth_place = [[Carmichael, California]]U.S.A. | residence = [] | alma_mater = [[Varsity o Californie, Berkeley]] | occupation = Actress, spokesperson, taekwondo practeetioner, model<ref name="NY">Jacques Steinberg (June 15, 2006). "[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/15/arts/television/15song.html?ex=1308024000&en=695ce9e0f0d03324&ei=5088&pagewanted=all Brenda Song Turns Warrior in Disney's 'Wendy Wu']". ''[[The New York Times]]''. Accessed 2008-12-11.</ref> | yearsactive = 1993–present }} '''Brenda Song''' (born March 27, 1988)<ref name=tvguide>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/brenda-song/142655 |title=Brenda Song News, Brenda Song Bio and Photos |access-date=2016-08-27 |archive-date=2013-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105020930/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/brenda-song/142655 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is an American actress, model, spokesperson, an taekwondo practeetioner. Song stairtit in shaw business as a [[Bairn modelin|bairn fashion model]]. Her early telly wirk includit roles in the telly shows ''[[Fudge (TV series)|Fudge]]'' (1995) an ''[[100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd]]'' (1999). Efter mony commercials an telly roles in the late 1990s, Song wan a [[Young Airtist Awaird]] for her performance in ''[[The Ultimate Christmas Present]]'' (2000). In 2002, Song signed a contract wi [[Disney Channel]] an starned in "Get A Clue" 2002 an syne then made signeeficant contreibutions tae the channel, ''[[Stuck in the Suburbs]]'' (2004) an mony ither productions. In 2005, Song began playin the lead female role o [[London Tipton]] in the ''[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]'' an ''[[The Suite Life on Deck]]''. The chairacter is notit as ane o Disney's langest continuous chairacters.<ref name="expand">Robert Siedman (May 11, 2009). [http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/05/11/disney-channel-orders-more-the-suite-life-on-deck/18461 Disney Channel orders more ''The Suite Life on Deck''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515143707/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/05/11/disney-channel-orders-more-the-suite-life-on-deck/18461 |date=2009-05-15 }}. TV by the Numbers. Accessed 2009-06-09.</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Song, Brenda}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae Los Angeles]] [[Category:American bairn actresses]] [[Category:American bairn models]] [[Category:American female models]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American film producers]] [[Category:American fowk o Hmong strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Thai strynd]] [[Category:American taekwondo practeetioners]] [[Category:American televeesion personalities]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Actresses frae Sacramento, Californie]] [[Category:Models frae Californie]] hsy5pvkuax48x7hhyv6wtupu0pvu3ao 0 161354 923018 900188 2026-09-23T01:06:28Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Aliens | image = Aliens poster.jpg | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[James Cameron]] | producer = [[Gale Anne Hurd]] | story = {{Plain list| * James Cameron * [[David Giler]] * [[Walter Hill (director)|Walter Hill]] }} | screenplay = James Cameron | based on = {{Based on|Chairacters creatit|[[Dan O'Bannon]]<br />[[Ronald Shusett]]}} | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Sigourney Weaver]]<!-- Per billing block --> }} | music = [[James Horner]] | cinematography = [[Adrian Biddle]] | editing = [[Ray Lovejoy]] | production companies = {{plainlist| *[[Brandywine Productions]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Aliens|journal=[[Monthly Film Bulletin]]|volume=53|issue=624|date=1986|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|pages=263–264|ISSN=0027-0407|last=Pym|first=John}}</ref>}} | distributor = [[20th Century Fox]] | released = {{Film date|1986|07|18}} | runtime = 137 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/aliens-1970-7|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|title=Aliens|accessdate=December 15, 2014|archive-date=2014-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215064434/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/aliens-1970-7|url-status=dead}}</ref> | country = Unitit States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=68347|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|title=Aliens|accessdate=October 23, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=9506|publisher=Lumiere Database|title=Aliens|accessdate=October 23, 2015}}</ref><!-- Do not add United Kingdom. Per Template:Infobox film, the parameter is for "the home country or countries of the film's main production companies." Both 20th Century Fox and Brandywine Productions are American companies. It does not matter where the film was shot or the nationality of the actors or directors. --> | language = Inglis | budget = $17–18 million<ref name="numbers">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Aliens#tab=summary|publisher=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|title=Aliens - Box Office Data, DVD and Blu-ray Sales, Movie News, Cast and Crew Information|accessdate=December 15, 2014|archive-date=2014-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202195340/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Aliens#tab=summary|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kjolseth |first=Pablo |title=Aliens |publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]] |url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/87922%7c0/Aliens.html |accessdate=December 24, 2014 |archive-date=2017-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905214323/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/87922%7C0/Aliens.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> | gross = $131.1–183.3 million<ref name="numbers"/><ref name="box office mojo">{{cite web |title=Aliens (1986) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=aliens.htm |accessdate=December 15, 2008}}</ref> }} '''''Aliens''''' is a 1986 American [[Science feection film|science feection]] [[action film]] written an directit bi [[James Cameron]], produced bi [[Gale Anne Hurd]], an starnin [[Sigourney Weaver]], Carrie Henn, [[Michael Biehn]], [[Paul Reiser]], [[Lance Henriksen]], [[William Hope (actor)|William Hope]], an [[Bill Paxton]]. It is the sequel tae the 1979 film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' an the seicont installment in the [[Alien (franchise)|''Alien'' franchise]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliens (Film)}} [[Category:20th Century Fox films]] [[Category:1980s action films]] [[Category:Action horror films]] [[Category:Alien (franchise) films]] [[Category:American films]] [[Category:American science feection action films]] [[Category:American science feection thriller films]] [[Category:American sequel films]] [[Category:Android (robot) films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:Feminist films]] [[Category:Film scores bi James Horner]] [[Category:Films directit bi James Cameron]] [[Category:Films produced bi Gale Anne Hurd]] [[Category:Films set in the futur]] [[Category:Films shot in Ingland]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Soond Eeditin Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Veesual Effects Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Horror adventur films]] [[Category:Hugo Awaird for Best Dramatic Presentation winnin warks]] [[Category:Militar science feection films]] [[Category:Monster movies]] [[Category:Films shot at Pinewood Studios]] [[Category:Screenplays bi James Cameron]] [[Category:Siege films]] cckydocoy2supl1gr8mm0jy4c6db4gb 0 163085 923056 798435 2026-09-23T06:27:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes | name = Clinton Joseph Davisson | image = Clinton Davisson.jpg | caption = Davisson | birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1881|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Bloomington, Illinois]], USA | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1958|02|01|1881|10|22}} | death_place = [[Charlottesville, Virginie]], USA | nationality = Unitit States | field = [[Pheesics]] | work_institutions = [[Princeton Varsity]]<br>[[Carnegie Institute of Technology]]<br>[[Bell Labs]] | alma_mater = [[Varsity o Chicago]] <small>(B.S., 1908)</small><br>[[Princeton Varsity]] <small>(Ph.D, 1911)</small> | doctoral_advisor = [[Owen Richardson]] | doctoral_students = | known_for = [[Electron diffraction]] | influenced = Joseph A. Becker<br>[[William Shockley]] | prizes = [[Comstock Prize in Pheesics]] (1928)<ref name=Comstock>{{cite web|title=Comstock Prize in Physics|url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_comstock|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|accessdate=13 February 2011|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225124148/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_comstock|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>[[Elliott Cresson Medal]] (1931)<br> [[Hughes Medal]] (1935)<br>{{nowrap|[[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] (1937)}} | footnotes = |spouse = Charlotte Davisson }} '''Clinton Joseph Davisson''' (October 22, 1881 – Februar 1, 1958), wis an American [[pheesics|pheesicist]] wha wan the 1937 [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] for his discovery o [[electron diffraction]] in the famous [[Davisson-Germer experiment]]. Davisson shared the Nobel Prize wi [[George Paget Thomson]], wha independently discovered electron diffraction at aboot the same time as Davisson. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Davisson, Clinton Joseph}} [[Category:1881 births]] [[Category:1958 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century physicists]] [[Category:Experimental pheesicists]] [[Category:American Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesics]] [[Category:Scientists at Bell Labs]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bloomington, Illinois]] [[Category:Naitional Academy o Sciences laureates]] [[Category:Winners o the Comstock Prize in Pheesics]] [[Category:20t-century American scientists]] p3z3r7tbkdmszjfdzyab56c490n7kf3 0 167600 923043 908163 2026-09-23T04:10:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Breaking Bad title card.png | genre = [[Crime drama]]<br />[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]<ref name="AutoHY-1">{{cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1995863,00.html |title=''Breaking Bad'': TV's Best Thriller |work=Time |first=James |last=Poniewozik |date=June 21, 2010 |accessdate=November 5, 2013 |archive-date=2018-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012193741/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1995863,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />[[Western#Contemporary Western|Contemporary Western]]<ref name="western">{{cite news |url=http://www.local-iq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3019&Itemid=56 |title=Contemporary Western: An Interview with Vince Gilligan |date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Local IQ |first=Bill |last=Nevins |accessdate=May 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name="western2">{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/29/breaking-bad-finale-lost-interviews-with-bryan-cranston-vince-gilligan.html |title=Breaking Bad Finale: Lost Interviews With Bryan Cranston & Vince Gilligan |date=September 29, 2013 |work=The Daily Beast |accessdate=March 6, 2014}}</ref><br />[[Black comedy]]<ref name="black-comedy">Soorces that refer tae ''Breaking Bad'' bein conseedert a [[black comedy]] include: *{{cite web |url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-writers-strike-of-200708-changed-breaking-bad,101217/ |title=The Writers' Strike of 2007–08 Changed ''Breaking Bad'' for the Better |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=August 6, 2013 |accessdate=August 31, 2013 |author=McFarland, Kevin |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200208/http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-writers-strike-of-200708-changed-breaking-bad,101217/ |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/07/13/breaking-bad-bryan-cranston-aaron-paul-season-5/ |title='Breaking Bad': Bryan Cranston, Aaron Paul, Vince Gilligan Reveal Season 5 Details |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=July 13, 2012 |accessdate=August 31, 2013 |author=Snierson, Dan |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703103123/http://insidetv.ew.com/2012/07/13/breaking-bad-bryan-cranston-aaron-paul-season-5/ |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.hitfix.com/the-fien-print/comic-con-2012-live-blog-amcs-breaking-bad |title=Comic-Con 2012 Live-Blog: AMC's 'Breaking Bad' |work=[[HitFix]] |date=July 13, 2012 |accessdate=August 31, 2013 |author=Fienberg, Daniel |archive-date=2013-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927195933/http://www.hitfix.com/the-fien-print/comic-con-2012-live-blog-amcs-breaking-bad |url-status=dead }} *{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/breaking-bad-why-life-wont-be-the-same-without-this-radical-american-television-drama-8750844.html |title=Breaking Bad: Why Life Won't Be the Same Without This Radical American Television Drama |last=Bland |first=Archie |date=August 8, 2013 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=September 1, 2013 |archive-date=2015-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033406/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/breaking-bad-why-life-wont-be-the-same-without-this-radical-american-television-drama-8750844.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | creator = [[Vince Gilligan]] | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Bryan Cranston]] * [[Anna Gunn]] * [[Aaron Paul]] * [[Dean Norris]] * [[Betsy Brandt]] * [[RJ Mitte]] * [[Bob Odenkirk]] * [[Giancarlo Esposito]] * [[Jonathan Banks]] * [[Laura Fraser]] * [[Jesse Plemons]] }} | theme_music_composer = <!-- The credits are written as: "Music by Dave Porter". --> | opentheme = | composer = [[Dave Porter (componer)|Dave Porter]] | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | num_seasons = 5 | num_episodes = 62 | list_episodes = Leet o Breaking Bad episodes | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * Vince Gilligan * [[Mark Johnson (producer)|Mark Johnson]] * [[Michelle MacLaren]] }} | producer = {{plainlist| * Stewart A. Lyons * [[Sam Catlin]] * [[John Shiban]] * [[Peter Gould (writer)|Peter Gould]] * [[George Mastras]] * [[Thomas Schnauz]] * Bryan Cranston * [[Moira Walley-Beckett]] * Karen Moore * [[Patty Lin]] }} | location = [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] | cinematography = {{plainlist| * [[Michael Slovis]] * [[Reynaldo Villalobos]] * [[Arthur Albert]] * [[John Toll]] * [[Nelson Cragg]] }} | runtime = 43–58 minutes | company = {{plainlist| * High Bridge Entertainment * Gran Via Productions * [[Sony Pictures Television]] | distributor = Sony Pictures Television }} | network = [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] | picture_format = [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[HDTV]]) | first_aired = {{Start date|2008|1|20}} | last_aired = {{End date|2013|9|29}} | related = ''[[Talking Bad]]''<br />''[[Metástasis]]'' | followed_by = ''[[Better Call Saul]]'' | website = http://amctv.com/shows/breaking-bad }} '''''Breaking Bad''''' is an American [[crime drama]] telly series creatit an produced bi [[Vince Gilligan]]. The shaw oreeginally aired on the [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] network for five series, frae Januar 20, 2008, tae September 29, 2013. It tells the story o [[Walter White (Breaking Bad)|Walter White]] ([[Bryan Cranston]]), a strugglin heich schuil chemistry teacher diagnosed wi inoperable [[buff cancer]]. Thegither wi his umwhile student [[Jesse Pinkman]] ([[Aaron Paul]]), White turns tae a life o crime, producin an sellin crystallised [[methamphetamine]] tae secure his faimily's financial futur afore he dees, while navigatin the dangers o the creeminal warld. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Breaking Bad| ]] [[Category:2008 televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2013 American televeesion series endins]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:AMC (TV channel) network shaws]] [[Category:American crime drama televeesion series]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (televeesion series)]] [[Category:Best Drama Series Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Black comedy televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Emmy Awaird-winnin programmes]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Midlife crisis in feection]] [[Category:Nonlinear narrative televeesion series]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi an Ensemble in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Peabody Awaird-winnin televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird for Ootstaundin Drama Series winners]] [[Category:Serial drama televeesion series]] [[Category:Suspense televeesion series]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes aboot drogs]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot cancer]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot dysfunctional faimilies]] [[Category:Televeesion series bi Sony Pictures Television]] [[Category:Televeesion series creautit bi Vince Gilligan]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws filmed in New Mexico]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws set in New Hampshire]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws set in New Mexico]] [[Category:Warks aboot Mexican drog cartels]] [[Category:Western televeesion series]] 5oasfpy651shrjx0meca4g7puy8plvk 0 175282 923058 916876 2026-09-23T06:42:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Comcast Corporation | logo = [[Image:Comcast.svg|200px]] | caption = | image = [[File:Comcast Philly.JPG|250px]] | image_caption = Comcast's heidquairters ([[Comcast Center (Philadelphia)|Comcast Center]]) in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvanie]]. | type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|CMCSA}}|[[NASDAQ-100|NASDAQ-100 component]]|[[S&P 100|S&P 100 component]]|[[S&P 500|S&P 500 component]]|{{NASDAQ was|CMCSK}} (1987–2015)<ref name="CNN Money">{{cite web | url = http://money.cnn.com/2004/02/11/news/companies/comcast_disney/ | title = Comcast bids for Disney | accessdate = November 5, 2016 | archive-date = 2021-03-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210320115815/https://money.cnn.com/2004/02/11/news/companies/comcast_disney/ | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg Markets">{{cite web | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/CMCSK:US | title = CMCSK:US | accessdate = November 5, 2016 }}</ref>}} | foundation = {{Start date and age|1963|6|28}}<br>[[Tupelo, Mississippi|Tupelo]], [[Mississippi]], Unitit States | founders = [[Ralph J. Roberts]]<br />Daniel Aaron<ref>{{cite web | url = http://apps.shareholder.com/sec/viewerContent.aspx?companyid=CMCSA&docid=2752461 | title = Comcast Corporation - Other | publisher = | access-date = 2017-08-10 | archive-date = 2014-09-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903065602/http://apps.shareholder.com/sec/viewerContent.aspx?companyid=CMCSA&docid=2752461 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />[[Julian A. Brodsky]] | hq_location_city = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvanie]] | hq_location_country = [[Unitit States]] | area_served = Warldwide<ref name="mediadb.eu">[http://www.mediadb.eu/en/data-base/international-media-corporations/comcastnbcuniversal-llc.html IfM - Comcast/NBCUniversal, LLC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608214927/http://www.mediadb.eu/en/data-base/international-media-corporations/comcastnbcuniversal-llc.html |date=2018-06-08 }}. Institute of Media and Communications Policy Mediadb.eu (undated). Retrieved on June 11, 2015.</ref> | key_people = {{unbulleted list|[[Brian L. Roberts]]|(Chairman & CEO)|Michael Cavanagh<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyOfficers?symbol=CMCSA.OQ | title = People: Comcast Corp (CMCSA.OQ) | publisher = Reuters | accessdate = February 22, 2014 | archive-date = 2021-03-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210320115837/https://www.reuters.com/companies/CMCSA.OQ | url-status = dead }}</ref>|(Senior Executive Vice President, CFO)|[[David L. Cohen]]|(Executive Vice President)}} | products = {{unbulleted list|[[Broadband]]|[[Broadcasting]]|[[Cable television]]|[[Digital telephone]]|[[High-definition television|HDTV]]|[[Home Security Systems]]|[[Internet]]|[[Movie production]]|[[Sport management]]|[[Theme park]]s|[[TV production]]|[[Venture capital]]||[[VoIP phone]]|}} | industry = [[Telecommunications]]<br />[[Mass media]] | revenue = {{increase}} [[US$]]80.40 billion (2016)<ref name="xbrlus_1">{{cite web | url = http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/902739/000119312516452423/d49239d10k.htm | title = COMCAST CORP 2015 Annual Report Form (10-K) | publisher = United States Securities and Exchange Commission | format = XBRL | date = February 5, 2016 }}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}} US$16.85 billion (2016)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/> | net_income = {{increase}} US$8.69 billion (2016)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/> | assets = {{increase}} US$180.5 billion (2016)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/> | equity = {{increase}} US$53.94 billion (2016)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/> | num_employees = 153,000 (Dec 2016)<ref name="Comcast-Feb-2016-10-K">{{cite web | url = http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/902739/000119312516452423/d49239d10k.htm | title = Comcast, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 05, 2016 | accessdate = February 8, 2016 }}</ref> | owner = | divisions = [[Xfinity]]<br>[[NBCUniversal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/3983434-comcast-impresses-free-cash-flow-generation|title=Comcast Impresses With Free Cash Flow Generation|first=|last=Valuentum|date=June 21, 2016|publisher=}}</ref> | subsid = {{unbulleted list|[[Midco]] (49%)|[[Comcast Interactive Media]]|[[Comcast Spectacor]]|Comcast Ventures}} | homepage = {{URL|corporate.comcast.com}} }} '''Comcast Corporation''' (umwhile registered as '''Comcast Holdings''')<ref group=note>Afore the AT&T merger in 2001, the parent company wis '''Comcast Holdings Corporation'''. Comcast Holdings Corporation nou refers tae a subsidiar o Comcast Corporation, no the parent company (see: [http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=7675764 Bloomberg profile on Comcast Holdings Corporation] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}). Technically, the current parent company wis foondit Dizember 7, 2001, as '''CAB Holdings Corporation''', which chyngit its name to '''AT&T Comcast Corporation''' afore feenally taking on the '''Comcast Corporation''' name (see: [http://apps.shareholder.com/sec/viewerContent.aspx?companyid=CMCSA&docid=2086089 Nov 2002 8K/A Form] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325052620/http://apps.shareholder.com/sec/viewerContent.aspx?companyid=CMCSA&docid=2086089 |date=2014-03-25 }} and [http://www.cmcsa.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=950103-02-1156 Nov 2002 S-4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325044519/http://www.cmcsa.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=950103-02-1156 |date=2014-03-25 }}).</ref> is an American global [[telecommunications]] [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] that is the largest [[broadcasting]] and [[cable television]] company in the world by revenue.<ref name="mediadb.eu"/> It is the seicont lairgest pay-TV company efter [[AT&T]], lairgest cable TV company an lairgest hame [[Internet service provider]] in the Unitit States, an the naition's third-lairgest hame [[telephone service provider]]. Comcast services U.S. residential an commercial customers in 40 states an in the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]].<ref name="annual_report">[http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/CMCSA/845254023x0xS1193125%2D09%2D33975/1166691/filing.pdf Comcast 2008 Form 10-K] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421095409/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/CMCSA/845254023x0xS1193125%2D09%2D33975/1166691/filing.pdf |date=2017-04-21 }}, files.shareholder.com</ref> The company's heidquairters are locatit in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvanie]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/comcast/|title=Comcast on the Forbes Global 2000 List|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-06-15|language=en}}</ref> As the awner o the internaitional media company [[NBCUniversal]] syne 2011,<ref name="Comcast-Jan-2011-8-K">{{cite web | url = http://edgar.secdatabase.com/241/95010311000353/filing-main.htm | title = Comcast, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jan 31, 2011 | publisher = secdatabase.com | accessdate = March 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Comcast-Feb-2013-8-K">{{cite web | url = http://pdf.secdatabase.com/571/0000950103-13-001016.pdf | title = Comcast, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Feb 12, 2013 | publisher = secdatabase.com | accessdate = March 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Comcast-Mar-2013-8-K">{{cite web | url = http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1408/95010313001853/filing-main.htm | title = Comcast, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Mar 19, 2013 | publisher = secdatabase.com | accessdate = March 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="CMCSA-GE Final">(2013-03-19) [http://www.deadline.com/2013/03/comcast-completes-acquisition-nbcuniversal/]. Deadline, "Comcast Completes Acquisition Of GE’s 49% Stake In NBCUniversal". Retrieved on March 19, 2013.</ref> Comcast is a producer o [[featur film]]s an [[televeesion]] programs intendit for theatrical exhibition an ower-the-air an cable telly broadcast. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} {{reflist|group=note}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://corporate.comcast.com}} {{coord|39.9545|-75.1685|type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-PA|display=title}} [[Category:Comcast| ]] [[Category:Media companies o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Broadband]] [[Category:Cable televeesion companies o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Enterteenment companies o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Internet service providers o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Security companies]] [[Category:Telecommunications companies o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Video on demand]] [[Category:VoIP companies o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Multinaitional companies heidquairtered in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Companies based in Philadelphia]] [[Category:Conglomerate companies o the Unitit States]] [[Category:American companies established in 1963]] [[Category:Enterteenment companies established in 1963]] [[Category:Media companies established in 1963]] [[Category:Companies leetit on NASDAQ]] [[Category:Cultur o Philadelphia]] [[Category:NBCUniversal]] [[Category:Roberts faimily]] qgbvcm1n3pl30o3jxsi5ywepqei9e0k 0 177498 923009 865225 2026-09-22T23:50:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack | title = 2017 Las Vegas Strip shuitin | partof = | image = MandalayBay2010.JPG | image_size = |caption=The [[Mandalay Bay]] resort in 2010 | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | location = {{nowrap|[[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise]], [[Nevada]], U.S.}} | target = Concert audience | coordinates = {{Coord|36.0953|-115.1718|region:US-NV_type:event|display=inline,title}} | date = {{start date|2017|10|01|mf=y}} | timezone = [[Paceefic Time Zone|PDT]]; [[UTC07:00]] | time = approx. 10:08 p.m. | type = [[Mass shuitin]] | fatalities = 58+ (including the perpetrator) | injuries = 515+ | perp = Stephen Craig Paddock | weapons = 10+ [[firearm]]s<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/02/las-vegas-strip-shooting-multiple-casualties-reported-near-mandalay/|title=Las Vegas shooting kills more than 50 in deadliest ever US gun attack - latest news|website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> | motive = }} <!-- Per MOS:BOLDTITLE and WP:SBE, neither the article's title nor related text appears in bold. -->On the nicht o October 1, 2017, a [[mass shuitin]] occurred at the [[Route 91 Harvest]] country muisic festival in [[Paradise, Nevada]]. Durin a closin performance bi sangster [[Jason Aldean]], a shuiter fired intae the crowd from a 32nt-floor balcony o the neebourin [[Mandalay Bay]] resort. The shuiter wis identified as Stephen Craig Paddock, 64, apparently o [[Mesquite, Nevada]], wha wis foond deid wi a sel-inflictit gunshot woond.<ref name=foxnews>{{cite web |url= http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/10/02/las-vegas-shooting-at-least-50-dead-more-than-200-injured-in-massacre.html |title= Las Vegas shooting: At least 50 dead, more than 200 injured in massacre |author= Adam Housley, Jake Gibson, Brooke Singman and The Associated Press contributed to this report |date= October 2, 2017 |publisher= [[Fox News]] |accessdate= October 2, 2017 |archive-date= 2017-10-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171002123420/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/10/02/las-vegas-shooting-at-least-50-dead-more-than-200-injured-in-massacre.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> Wi ower 58 fatalities an 400 injuries, it is the deidliest [[:en:Mass_shooting#United_States|American mass shootin]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Portal bar|2010s|Crime|Nevada}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Las Vegas Strip shuitin, 2017}} [[Category:2017 in Nevada]] [[Category:2017 mass shuitins in the Unitit States|Las Vegas Strip]] [[Category:2017 murthers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Attacks in the Unitit States in 2017]] [[Category:Attacks on muisic venues]] [[Category:Daiths bi fireairm in Nevada]] [[Category:Las Vegas Strip]] [[Category:Mandalay Resort Group]] [[Category:Mass murther in 2017]] [[Category:Mass murther in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Massacres in 2017]] [[Category:Massacres in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Suicides bi fireairm in Nevada]] t3oiu042njtgwpcxi99xolmtri72hsd 0 181695 923035 912645 2026-09-23T03:38:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox person|name=Ben Whishaw|image=ben whishaw 2018 1.jpg|birth_name=Benjamin John Whishaw|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1980|10|14|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Clifton, Bedfordshire]], [[Ingland]]|alma mater=[[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]|alma_mater=[[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]|occupation=Actor|years active=1999–present|yearsactive=1999–present|home town=[[Langford, Bedfordshire]]|home_town=[[Langford, Bedfordshire]]|partner=[[Mark Bradshaw (composer)|Mark Bradshaw]] (2012–present)}}'''Benjamin John Whishaw''' (born 14 October 1980) is an Inglis actor. He haes played on stage [[Hamlet]]; on telly ''[[Nathan Barley]]'', ''[[Criminal Justice (TV series)|Criminal Justice]]'', ''The Hour'' an ''London Spy''; an film roles includin ''[[Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)|Perfume: The Story of a Murderer]]'' (2006), ''I'm Not There'' (2007), ''Bright Star'' (2009), ''Brideshead Revisited'' (2008), ''Cloud Atlas'' (2012), ''The Lobster'' (2015), ''Suffragette'' (2015), ''The Danish Girl'' (2015).<ref name="ReferenceA">https://www.theguardian.com/culture/commentisfree/2015/oct/25/ben-whishaw-impish-star-steals-the-show-from-james-bond</ref> an the role o [[Q (James Bond)|Q]] in the James Bond films ''[[Skyfall]]'' (2012) an ''Spectre'' (2015),<ref name="Grdn">{{cite news|last=Kellaway|first=Kate|title=Ben Whishaw: 'I feel I'm always in the dark' – interview|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2013/mar/17/ben-whishaw-interview|accessdate=18 March 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=17 March 2013|location=London}}</ref>. He played the vyce o Paddington Bear in ''Paddington'' (2014) an ''Paddington 2'' (2017).<ref name="deadline2">{{cite web|last=Yamato|first=Jen|url=http://www.deadline.com/2014/07/paddington-bear-movie-ben-whishaw-colin-firth/|title=Bear Necessity: Ben Whishaw To Voice CG 'Paddington'|publisher=Deadline.com|date=1970-01-01|accessdate=2014-07-17}}</ref> == Early life == Whishaw wis born in Clifton, [[Bedfordshire]], an wis upfreshen thare an in Langford, the son o Linda (née Hope), that wirks in cosmetics, an Jose Whishaw, that wirks in [[information technology]].<ref name="dra">{{cite news|last=Curtis|first=Nick|title=My Hamlet Fears|work=[[The Evening Standard]]|date=29 April 2004|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+crisis+that+taught+me+how+to+be+Hamlet%3B+Yesterday+Ben+Whishaw+was...-a0116045814|accessdate=8 September 2010}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His faither is o French, German an Roushie hithercome, an his mither is o English backgrund.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-2275004/Skyfalls-Ben-Whishaw-I-actually-actually-Im-like-real-life.html 'I found a part of me that was actually a show-off and actually I'm not at all like in real life': How Ben Whishaw became Britain's next big], Dan Davies, ''[[The Guardian]]'' 9 February 2013</ref><ref name="spect1">[http://www.spectator.co.uk/arts/5481858/in-love-with-hamlet-dylan-keats/ In love with Hamlet, Dylan, Keats . . .], Marianne Gray, ''[[The Spectator]]'', 28 October 2009</ref> He haes a fraternal twin, James. "Whishaw" isna the faimily's oreeginal faimily name; the faimily wis oreeginally named Stellmacher, a German tred name for a cartwright.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11952207/Bond-star-Ben-Whishaw-reveals-that-his-grandfather-was-a-British-spy-with-a-double-identity.html Bond star Ben Whishaw reveals that his grandfather was a British spy with a double identity]</ref> He firstly rase tae weel-forrence as a member o the Bancroft Players Youth Theatre, Big Spirit, at Hitchin's Queen Mother Theatre. He attended Henlow Middle School an syne Samuel Whitbread Community College in Shefford. He graduated frae the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rada.ac.uk/profiles?prof_act=7837].|title=RADA: The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art - Student|work=rada.ac.uk}}</ref> == Career == Whishaw wis involved in mony productions wi Big Spirit, includin ''If This is a Man'' (an aw performed as ''The Drowned & The Saved''), a piece devised bi the company based on the beuk o the same name bi Primo Levi, a survivor o [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]. It wis adapted intae a pheesical theatre piece bi the group an taen tae the 1995 Edinburgh Festival, whaur it garnered five-starny reviews an muckle creetical ruise. [[File:Judy_and_Ben_(8749969035)_(2).jpg|thumb|Whishaw wi [[Judi Dench]] in ''[[Peter and Alice]]'', at the [[Noël Coward Theatre]] in Mey 2013]] As the lead in Trevor Nunn's 2004 production o ''Hamlet'' at the Old Vic, Whishaw received unco reviews an wis nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actor an the Ian Charleson Award. The role wis daled wi Al Weaver in an daimen paction that saw Whishaw playin aw nichts binna for Monandays an matinées. Nunn is clypit tae hiv makkit this paction auchtin tae the youthie o the twa actors playin the lead, tae exeem some o the stress on ilk ane. It wis Whishaw, houaniver, that featurt maist weel-forritly in the marketin materials an in the feck o reviews.{{Citation needed|reason=Need reference|date=December 2015}} His film an telly creedits include ''Layer Cake'' an Chris Morris's 2005 sitcom ''[[Nathan Barley]]'', in whit he played a chairacter cawed Pingu. He wis named "Most Promising Newcomer" at the 2001 British Independent Film Awards fo ''My Brother Tom'', an in 2005 he wis nominated as best actor in fower awaird ceremonies for his portrayal o Hamlet. He an aw played [[Keith Richards]] in the Brian Jones biopic ''Stoned''. In the ware o 2005, Whishaw received lots o mird for his role as a drog troker in Philip Ridley's threapful stage play ''Mercury Fur''.{{Citation needed|reason=Need reference|date=December 2015}} In ''[[Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)|Perfume]]'', Whishaw played Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, a perfume makker whase craft turns deidly. The film wis released in Germany in September 2006 an in US theatres in December 2006. In the ilk year, Whishaw wrocht on Paweł Pawlikowski's forhoued ''The Restraint of Beasts''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117972465.html?categoryid=1246&cs=1|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Adam|last=Dawtrey|title=Pawel Pawlikowski takes on Stalin|date=20 September 2007|access-date=2017-12-18|archive-date=2008-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229161046/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117972465.html?categoryid=1246&cs=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Whishaw appeared as ane o the [[Bob Dylan]] reincarnations in ''I'm Not There'' in 2007, in the [[BBC]]'s ''[[Criminal Justice (TV series)|Criminal Justice]]'' in 2008, in a new adaptation o ''Brideshead Revisited'', an in a stage adaptation o ''The Idiot'' at the National Theatre cawed ''...some trace of her''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/sometrace|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-07-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828034149/http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/sometrace|archivedate=28 August 2008|df=dmy-all}}. [[Royal National Theatre]].</ref> At the end o 2009 he starred in ''Cock'', a new play bi Mike Bartlett at the Royal Court Theatre.<ref>Bishop, Caroline (14 August 2009). [http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/news/latest/view/item107063/Whishaw-in-Royal-Court-autumn- "Whishaw in Royal Court Autumn"]. officiallondontheatre.co.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2012.</ref> An aw in 2009 he starred as the poet John Keats in the film ''Bright Star''. In Februar 2010, Whishaw makkit a sonsie aff-Broadway stairt at MCC Theater in the Americaen premiere o the awairding-winnin play ''The Pride'' bi Alexi Kaye Campbell. He played Ariel in Julie Taymor's [[2010]] film adaptation o ''The Tempest'', an wis featurt in ''The Hour'', a [[BBC Two]] drama series.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/11_november/10/the_hour.shtml]. [[BBC]].</ref> In 2012 Whishaw appeared as Richard II in the telly film ''Richard II'', a pairt o the BBC Two series ''The Hollow Crown'', for whit he received the British Academy Television Award for Leadin Actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2013/television/leading-actor|title=2013 Television Leading Actor|publisher=awards.bafta.org|accessdate=4 August 2013}}</ref> An aw in 2012, he appeared as pairt o the ensemble cast o the science-fiction drama film ''Cloud Atlas''. Whishaw appeared in the 23t James Bond film, ''[[Skyfall]]'', in the role o [[Q (James Bond)|Q]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15889689|title=Ben Whishaw Cast as Q in New James Bond Film Skyfall|date=25 November 2011|work=BBC News}}</ref> He portrayed a smawer Q than in umwhile films; Peter Burton an [[Desmond Llewelyn]] baith received the role whan thay war in thair fowerties, while Llewelyn an [[John Cleese]] played the role intae thair aichties an saxties, respectively. In addeetion, he wis teamed a third time wi [[Daniel Craig]] efter thay starred in the films ''The Trench'' an ''Layer Cake''. In ware 2013, Whishaw starred on stage alangside [[Judi Dench]] in the warld premiere o ''Peter and Alice'', a new play bi John Logan inspired bi the lifes o Alice Liddell an Peter Llewelyn Davies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lastminutetheatretickets.com/londonwestend/spotlight-ben-whishaw-peter-peter-alice/|title=Ben Whishaw to Star Alongside Dame Judi Dench|date=18 July 2012}}</ref> Frae October 2013 tae Februar 2014 he an aw appeared on stage in the spunk up o Jez Butterworth's Olivier-award-winnin play ''Mojo'', an aw starring Rupert Grint, Brendan Coyle, Daniel Mays an Colin Morgan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/10446422/Mojo-Harold-Pinter-Theatre-review.html|title=Mojo, Harold Pinter Theatre, review|date=14 November 2013|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Charles|last=Spencer}}</ref> He wis nominated for a WhatsOnStage Award for Best Actor<ref name="whatsonstage.com">[http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/12-2013/the-full-2014-whatsonstage-awards-shortlists_32864.html] WhatsOnStage Awards</ref> for baith roles. In the simmer o 2015 he appeared as [[Dionysus|Dionysos]] in Euripides' tragedy ''Bakkhai'' at the Almeida Theatre in Lunnon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/almeida-greek-season-ben-whishaw_37350.html|title=Ben Whishaw stars in Almeida's Greek season' - whatsonstage.com|date=12 Mar 2015}}</ref> In 2014, Whishaw starred in the sequestrate film ''Lilting'' an forby vycin Paddington Bear in the film ''Paddington''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/sundance-strand-releasing-acquires-hong-khaous-lilting-1201088021/|title=Sundance: Strand Releasing Acquires Hong Khaou's 'Lilting'|date=5 February 2014|work=Variety}}</ref> In 2015, Whishaw co-starred in ''The Lobster'', a romantic science fiction drama frae Greek director Yorgos Lanthimos; appeared in ''Suffragette'', a story o the early feminist muivement writtin bi Abi Morgan an forby starring [[Carey Mulligan]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Meryl Streep]] an his ''The Hour'' co-starn, Romola Garai;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/ben-whishaw-and-brendan-gleeson-join-suffragette/|title=Ben Whishaw and Brendan Gleeson Join Suffragette|date=20 February 2014|access-date=2017-12-18|archive-date=2014-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221095721/http://www.movieweb.com/news/ben-whishaw-and-brendan-gleeson-join-suffragette|url-status=dead}}</ref> reprised his role o Q in ''Spectre'', the 24t James Bond film; an played author Herman Melville in [[Ron Howard]]'s ''In the Heart of the Sea''.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/sep/07/moby-dick-melville-film|title=Real adventure that inspired Moby-Dick lures film directors|date=7 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.flicksandbits.com/2014/01/18/skyfall-writer-john-logan-talks-bond-24-build-on-what-we-did-on-skyfall-but-make-it-its-own-unique-animal/63682/|title=''Skyfall'' Writer John Logan Talks ''Bond 24'': 'Build On What We Did On ''Skyfall'', But Make It Its Own Unique Animal'|date=18 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221192418/http://www.flicksandbits.com/2014/01/18/skyfall-writer-john-logan-talks-bond-24-build-on-what-we-did-on-skyfall-but-make-it-its-own-unique-animal/63682/|archivedate=21 February 2014|df=dmy}}</ref> In 2017, Wishaw reprised his role as Paddington Bear in ''Paddington 2''. == Personal life == For several years Whishaw refuised tae answer quaistions aboot his personal life, sain: "For me, it's important tae keep a level o anonymity. As an actor, your job is tae perswad fowk that yer somebody ither. Sae gif yer constantly tellin fowk aboot yersel, I think yer shuitin yersel in the cuit."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/jamesbond/9631242/Ben-Whishaw-on-playing-Q-in-Skyfall-I-dont-even-have-a-computer.html|title=Ben Whishaw on playing Q in Skyfall: 'I don't even have a computer'|work=The Telegraph|first1=James|last1=Rampton|date=26 October 2012|accessdate=20 August 2013|location=London}}</ref> In 2011, he tauld ''Out'' jurnal: "As an actor you hiv hale richts tae preevacy an meestery, whitiver yer sexuality, whitiver you dae. I dae' see whit for that haes tae be something you commune fair acause you dae something in the public ee. I hiv no unnerstaundin o whit for we turn actors intae celebreeties."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.out.com/entertainment/theater/2011/03/27/ben-whishaw-mysterious-skin?page=0,1|work=[[Out (magazine)|Out]]|first=Gareth|last=McLean|title=Ben Whishaw: Mysterious Skin|date=27 March 2011}}</ref> Whishaw entered intae a ceevil pairtnery wi [[Australie]]n upmakker Mark Bradshaw in August 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2384165/Bond-star-marries-gay-partner--happy-proud.html|title=Bond star 'marries' his gay partner – and they are both 'so happy and proud'|work=MailOnline|first1=Charlotte|last1=Griffiths|first2=Elizabeth|last2=Sanderson|date=3 August 2013|accessdate=4 August 2013|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/05/ben-whishaw-comes-out-gay_n_3706827.html|work=Huffington Post|first=Cavan|last=Sieczkowski|title=James Bond Actor Officially Comes Out, Reveals He's Married}}</ref> In 2014, he publicly communed his comin oot as a homosexual man, sain that it wis a tacht experience for him but "awbody wis surpreesingly luesome".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Selby|first1=Jenn|title=Ben Whishaw on the 'courage' it takes to come out as gay|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ben-whishaw-on-the-courage-it-takes-to-come-out-as-gay-9646122.html|accessdate=14 February 2015|work=The Independent|date=4 August 2014}}</ref> == Filmography == === Film === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1999 | ''Trench, The<span class="vcard" id="cxmw5Q" tabindex="0"><span class="fn">[[The Trench (film)|The Trench]]</span></span> '' | Pte. James Deamis |- | 1999 | ''Escort, The<span class="vcard" id="cxmw7Q" tabindex="0"><span class="fn">The Escort</span></span> '' | Jay |- | 2001 | ''Baby'' | Little Joe | Short film |- | 2001 | ''My Brother Tom'' | Tom | [[British Independent Film Award]] for Most Promising Newcomer<br> [[Kinotavr|Sochi International Film Festival Award for Best Actor]] |- | 2002 | ''Spiritual Rampage'' | Short film |- | 2003 | ''[[Ready When You Are Mr. McGill]]'' | Bruno |- | 2003 | ''Booze Cruise, The<span class="vcard" id="cxmwARE" tabindex="0"><span class="fn">[[The Booze Cruise]]</span></span> '' | Daniel |- | 2004 | ''77 Beds'' | Ishmael | Short film |- | 2004 | ''[[Enduring Love (film)|Enduring Love]]'' | Spud |- | 2004 | ''[[Layer Cake (film)|Layer Cake]]'' | Sidney |- | 2005 | ''[[Stoned (film)|Stoned]]'' | [[Keith Richards]] |- | 2006 | ''[[Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)|Perfume: The Story of a Murderer]]'' | Jean-Baptiste Grenouille | [[Bambi (prize)|Bambi Award for Best Film{{Spaced en dash}} National]] <small>(shared wi [[Bernd Eichinger]] and [[Tom Tykwer]])</small><br> Nominated{{Spaced en dash}}[[Rising Star Award, BAFTA|British Academy Film Award for Rising Star]]<br> Nominated{{Spaced en dash}} [[European Film Award for Best Actor]] |- | 2007 | ''[[I'm Not There]]'' | Arthur | [[Independent Spirit Awards|Independent Spirit Award for Best Cast]] |- | 2008 | ''[[Brideshead Revisited (film)|Brideshead Revisited]]'' | [[Sebastian Flyte]] |- | 2009 | ''[[The International (2009 film)|The International]]'' | Rene Antall |- | 2009 | ''[[Bright Star (film)|Bright Star]]'' | [[John Keats]] |- | 2009 | ''Love Hate'' | Tom | Short film |- | 2010 | ''Tempest, The<span class="vcard" id="cxmwAWw" tabindex="0"><span class="fn">[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]</span></span> '' | [[Ariel (The Tempest)|Ariel]] |- | 2012 | ''[[Skyfall]]'' | [[Q (James Bond)|Q]] |- | 2012 | ''[[Cloud Atlas (film)|Cloud Atlas]]'' | Cabin Boy<br> Robert Frobisher<br> Store Clerk<br> Georgette<br> Tribesman |- | 2013 | ''Beat''<ref>[http://59productions.co.uk/project/beat_film] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723003134/http://59productions.co.uk/project/beat_film|date=2013-07-23}} . 59 Productions</ref> | Unkent | Short film |- | 2013 | ''[[The Zero Theorem]]'' | Doctor 3 |- | 2013 | ''Teenage''<ref>[http://www.teenagefilm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424234408/http://www.teenagefilm.com/ |date=2013-04-24 }} teenagefilm.com</ref> | Narrator | Documentary |- | 2013 | ''[[Days and Nights]]'' | Eric<ref>[https://twitter.com/therealcamrgo/status/204732839961436160] Twitter: Christian Camargo</ref> |- | 2014 | ''[[Lilting (film)|Lilting]]'' | Richard<ref name="hamiltonhodell.co.uk">[http://www.hamiltonhodell.co.uk/cv/client_ben-whishaw_id_100196.htm] hamiltonhodell.co.uk</ref> |- | 2014 | ''[[Paddington (film)|Paddington]]'' | [[Paddington Bear]] | Voice |- | 2015 | ''The Muse''<ref>[https://www.wearecolony.com/the-muse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525232745/https://www.wearecolony.com/the-muse/|date=2015-05-25}} wearecolony.com</ref> | Edward Dunstan | Short film |- | 2015 | ''[[The Lobster]]'' | Limping Man | Nominated – [[BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor]] |- | 2015 | ''[[Unity (film)|Unity]]''<ref>{{cite web|author1=Dave McNary|title=Documentary ‘Unity’ Set for 12 August Release with 100 Star Narrators|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/documentary-unity-set-for-aug-12-release-with-100-star-narrators-1201477200/|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=May 1, 2015|date=April 22, 2015}}</ref> | Narrator | Documentary |- | 2015 | ''[[Suffragette (film)|Suffragette]]'' | Sonny |- | 2015 | ''[[The Danish Girl (film)|The Danish Girl]]'' | Henrik |- | 2015 | ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'' | Q |- | 2015 | ''[[In the Heart of the Sea (film)|In the Heart of the Sea]]'' | [[Herman Melville]] |- | 2016 | ''[[A Hologram for the King (film)|A Hologram for the King]]'' | Dave |- | 2017 | ''[[Paddington 2]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/777311-hugh-grant-and-brendan-gleeson-join-paddington-2-as-filming-begins#/slide/1|title=Hugh Grant and Brendan Gleeson Join Paddington 2|date=2016-10-18|newspaper=ComingSoon.net|access-date=2017-02-11|language=en-US}}</ref> | Paddington Bear | Voice; post-production |- | 2018 | ''[[Mary Poppins Returns]]'' | Michael Banks |Filmin |} === Televeesion === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2000 | ''Black Cab'' | Ryan | Episode: "Work" |- | 2000 | ''[[Other People's Children (TV series)|Other People's Children]]'' | Sully | 4 episodes |- | 2005 | ''[[Nathan Barley]]'' | Pingu | 6 episodes |- | 2008 | ''[[Criminal Justice (TV series)|Criminal Justice]]'' | Ben Coulter | 5 episodes<br> [[International Emmy Award for best actor]]<br> [[Royal Television Society|Royal Television Society Award for Best Actor]]<br> Nominated{{Spaced en dash}} [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actor]] |- | 2011–12 | ''Hour, The<span class="vcard" id="cxmwAiM" tabindex="0"><span class="fn">[[The Hour (BBC TV series)|The Hour]]</span></span> '' | Freddie Lyon | 12 episodes<br> Nominated – [[Broadcasting Press Guild]] Best Actor (2013) |- | 2012 | ''[[Richard II (2012 film)|Richard II]]'' | [[Richard II o Ingland]] | Television film<br> Nominated – [[Broadcasting Press Guild]] Best Actor<br> [[British Academy Television Award]] Leadin Actor |- | 2014 | ''[[Playhouse Presents]]'' | Ezra | Episode: "Foxtrot" |- | 2015 | ''[[London Spy]]'' | Danny | 5 episodes<br> Nominated – [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actor]] |- | 2017 | ''Queers'' | Perce | Episode: "The Man on the Platform"<br> BBC4 TV monologue written bi [[Mark Gatiss]] |- | 2018 | ''[[A Very English Scandal (TV series)|A Very English Scandal]]'' | [[Thorpe affair#Josiffe, later named Scott|Norman Scott]] |} === Stage === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Theatre ! Notes |- | 2003 | [[His Dark Materials (play)|''His Dark Materials'']] | Brother Jasper | [[Royal National Theatre]] |- | 2004 | ''[[Hamlet]]'' | Hamlet | [[Old Vic]] | Ian Charleson Award Third Prize 2005<br> Nominated – [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor]]<br> Nominated – [[South Bank Sky Arts Award]] for Breakthrough Artist<br> Nominated – [[Evening Standard Award]] for Outstanding Newcomer<br> Nominated – What's On Stage Theatregoers Choice Awards for Best Actor |- | 2005 | ''[[Mercury Fur]]'' | Elliot | [[Paines Plough]] at the [[Menier Chocolate Factory]] |- | 2006 | ''Seagull, The<span class="vcard" id="cxmwAoU" tabindex="0"><span class="fn">[[The Seagull]]</span></span> '' | Konstantin | [[Royal National Theatre]] |- | 2007 | ''[[Leaves of Glass]]'' | Steven | [[Soho Theatre]] |- | 2008 | ''...some trace of her'' | [[Prince Myshkin]] | [[Royal National Theatre]] |- | 2009 | ''[[Mike Bartlett (playwright)|Cock]] '' | John | [[Royal Court Theatre]] |- | 2010 | ''[[The Pride (play)|The Pride]]'' | Oliver | [[Lucille Lortel Theatre]] |- | 2013 | ''[[Peter and Alice]]'' | [[Peter Llewelyn Davies]] | [[Noël Coward Theatre]] | Nominated – [[Whatsonstage.com Awards|WhatsOnStage Award]] for Best Actor |- | 2013 | ''[[Mojo (play & film)|Mojo]]'' | Baby | [[Harold Pinter Theatre]] | Nominated – [[Whatsonstage.com Awards|WhatsOnStage Award]] for Best Actor |- | 2015 | ''[[The Bacchae|Bakkhai]]'' | [[Dionysus]] | [[Almeida Theatre]] |- |2016 |''[[The Crucible]]'' | [[John Proctor (Salem witch trials)|John Proctor]] | [[Walter Kerr Theatre]] | [[Theatre World Award]] |- |2017 |''Against'' | Luke | [[Almeida Theatre]] |- |2018 |''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' | Brutus | [[Bridge Theatre]] |} === Radio === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" ! Year ! Title ! Role |- | 2004 | ''Arthur'' | Arthur |- | 2006 | ''[[Look Back in Anger]]'' | Jimmy Porter |- | 2011 | ''Cock'' | John |} == References == {{reflist|30em}} == External links == * {{IMDb name|0924210|id=0924210}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Whishaw, Ben}} [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Inglis male actors]] [[Category:Alumni o the Ryal Academy o Dramatic Airt]] [[Category:Breetish male film actors]] [[Category:Breetish male radio actors]] [[Category:Breetish male stage actors]] [[Category:Breetish male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Roushie strynd]] [[Category:Inglis male film actors]] [[Category:Inglis male radio actors]] [[Category:Inglis male stage actors]] [[Category:Inglis male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Gay actors]] [[Category:LGBT enterteeners frae Ingland]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] r5mlvnspeuhovfrstk783xr71ufru4t 0 192591 923070 914836 2026-09-23T08:23:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK place |country = Scotland |official_name= Ecclefechan |gaelic_name= Eaglais Fheichein |local_name= Fechan |os_grid_reference= NY193748 |coordinates = {{coord|55.0615|-3.2642|display=inline,title}} |population= 746 |population_ref= <ref>{{cite web|publisher=Scotland's Census Results Online|title=Comparative Population Profile: Ecclefechan Locality|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=ecclefechan&mainLevel=Locality|date=2001-04-29|accessdate=2008-09-03|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519164431/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainArea=ecclefechan&mainLevel=Locality|archivedate=2011-05-19}}</ref> ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]])<br> est. 840<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-01-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916182939/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data |archivedate=2009-09-16 }}</ref> (2006) |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Dumfriesshire|Dumfries]] |post_town = LOCKERBIE |postcode_district = DG11 |postcode_area= DG |dial_code= 01576 |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Dumfriesshire (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Dumfriesshire]] }} '''Ecclefechan''' ([[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic]]: ''Eaglais Fheichein'') is a smaw veelage locatit in the historical coonty o [[Dumfriesshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] in soothwast [[Scotland]]. The veelage is famous for bein the birthplace o [[Thomas Carlyle]]. Ecclefechan lies in the dale o the Mein Watter, a burn that flowes intil the [[River Annan]], 5 mile north o [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa]] an 8 mile nor'wast o the mairch wi [[Ingland|England]]. The [[M74 motorwey]] rins north o the veelage an Junction 19 is juist nor'wast o the veelage. The High Street o the veelage haes a burn that rins throu a cundie ablo it. This cundie wis biggit in 1875 bi Dr George Arnott at his ain expense. ==Etymology== The name ''Ecclefechan'' wis recordit as ''Egilfeichane'' in 1507,<ref name="cpns" /> an micht be o Breetonic oreegin. The first element is ''eglẹ:s'', meanin "a kirk" (c.f. [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] ''eglwys'').<ref name="cpns">{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=W.J. |title=The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland |date=1926 |publisher=Birlinn |isbn=9781841583235 |page=168 |edition=2011 }}</ref> The seicont element is the equivalent o the Welsh ''bechan'', meanin "wee".<ref name="cpns" /> Comparable Welsh toponyms include Eglwysbach an Llanfechan.<ref name="cpns" /> A no sae likely explanation is that the name commemorates Féchín o Fore,<ref name="cpns" /> a 7t century Irish saunt. ==Governance== Ecclefechan is in the UK pairlamentary constituency o [[Dumfriesshire, Clydedale and Tweedale]]. [[David Mundell]] is the praisent [[Scots Conservative Pairty]] [[Member o Pairlament]]. Ecclefechan is pairt o the [[Sooth Scotland]] region in the [[Scots Pairlament]], bein in the constituency o [[Dumfriesshire (Scots Pairlamentary constituency)|Dumfriesshire]]. [[Oliver Mundell]] o the Scots Conservative Pairty is the Member o the Scots Pairlament (MSP). Afore [[Brexit]] for the [[European Pairlament]] its residenters votit tae elect [[Member o the European Pairlament|MEPs]] for the [[Scotland (European Pairlament consteetuency)|Scotland constituency]]. For local government purposes, it belangs til the "Annandale East and Esskdale Ward" o the [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] Cooncil aurie. The veelage disna hae its ain Pairish Cooncil. ==Places o interest== [[File:Thomas Carlyle's birthplace.jpg|thumb|[[Thomas Carlyle]]'s birthplace]] [[Thomas Carlyle]]'s birthplace, "The Aircht Hoose" is a tourist attraction an haes been mainteened bi the [[National Trust for Scotland]] syne 1936. Accordin til the letters fae Carlyle written tae Charles Gavin Duffy in the simmer o 1846, his mither's ferm in Ecclefechan was at that time locatit in Scotsbrig. (Charles Gavin Duffy, 'Conversations with Carlyle, NY: Scribner's Son, 1892, pp. 18–20). ''From Scotsbrig, Carlyle watched the construction of the [[Caledonian Railway]] and complained to Duffy of Ecclefechan's potato blight, and the abundance of railway navvies from [[Lancashire]], [[Ireland]], and [[Yorkshire]], finding his visit home disturbed by the "black potato-fields, and all roads and lanes overrun with drunken navvies" (ibid., pp. 19–20). Carlyle comments that "I find that the Irish are best on point of behaviour" because they sent their money home to their families and did not spent it on whiskey (ibid., p. 20).'' Ecclefechan lies at the fit o a lairge hillfort, Burnswark, that wis attackit in the [[Siege of Burnswark]] in 140.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/05/ancient-slingshot-lethal-44-magnum-scotland/ |title=Ancient Slingshot Was as Deadly as a .44 Magnum |last=Pringle |first=Heather |date=24 May 2017 |website=nationalgeographic.com |publisher=National Geographic |access-date=2 June 2017 |quote= |archive-date=2017-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524120451/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/05/ancient-slingshot-lethal-44-magnum-scotland/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Its flet tap rings the easins. [[Hoddom Castle|Hoddam Castle]] is locatit 2 mile fae the veelage centre. No faur fae the veelage is the [[Robgill Tour]], built bi the [[Clan Irvine]]. In the 1880s, an adjynin hame wis built. The tour wis ane o a nummer o biggins built alang the mairh as protection again incursions bi the Breetish.<ref>[https://clanirving.com/border-regions/ Border Regions]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Namely residenters== [[File:Craigenputtock by George Moir.png|thumb|[[Craigenputtock|Craigenputtock Hoose]] 1829, hame o Thomas Carlyle]] * [[Thomas Carlyle]] (1795-1881) - essayist, satirist, poleetical philosopher, historian. He is buirit in the Ecclefechan kirkyaird. * [[Archibald Arnott]] (1772-1885) - doctor<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dr. Archibald Arnott: Surgeon to the 20th Foot and Physician to Napoleon|journal=British Medical Journal|date=2 August 1975|volume=3|issue=5978|pages=293–295|pmc=1674241|pmid=1097047|doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5978.293|last1=Wilson|first1=J. B.}}</ref> o [[Napoleon]] on [[Saunt Helena]]. Hi is buirit in the Ecclefechan kirkyaird an aw. * [[William Harkness]] (1837-1903) - astronomer ==Cultur== [[Robert Burns]] (1759-1796) makkit a sang entitle't ''The Lass O Ecclefechan''. Ecclefechan haes links an aw til the [[Guinness]] faimily, the story o the Whistlin Pleuchboy o Ecclefechan unner the title ''A Guiness With a Difference'' wis produce't bi meenistrys an chairts the pleuchboy's influence unner God on the Guiness faimily. "[[Oor Wullie]]" o [[The Sunday Post]] fame aince got a day aff schuil for spellin correct "Ecclefechan", an the Jocks an the Geordies o [[The Dandy]] aince myndit ''The Great Battle o Ecclefechan''. ==Local produce== * '''The Ecclefechan Tart''' - it wan national prominence in late 2007 whan the supermercat [[Sainsbury's]] promotit it as an alternative tae mince pies at Christenmas, an the tarts sellt ower 50,000 packs in 2007.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/7109302.stm | work=BBC News | title=Scottish tart proves festive hit | date=26 November 2007 | accessdate=27 March 2010}}</ref> The tart is a mixtur o butter an dried fruits in a pastry shell.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.them-apples.co.uk/2012/01/ecclefechan-tart-for-burns-night/|title=Ecclefechan tart, for Burns Night|date=2012-01-25|website=them apples|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-28}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A version made bi the [[Moray]] confectioners [[Walkers]] is noo nationally available ootthrou the Unitit Kinrick. * '''The Fechan''', a blent Scotch whisky, whase label shaws The Aircht Hoose. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} kpi3jp8dvxuzjtf8ags80hv6vzvop24 0 210536 923019 839866 2026-09-23T01:12:12Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Infobox person | image = Amber Heard (43723454772).jpg | name = Amber Heard | caption = Heard at the 2018 [[San Diego Comic-Con]] | birthname = Amber Laura Heard | other_names = Amber Laura Depp<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/celebrity/johnny-depp-amber-heard-actors-lawyer-seeks-to-bar-witnesses-from-testifying/|title=Johnny Depp's Lawyer Asks Judge to Prevent Amber Heard Witnesses from Testifying at Restraining Order Hearing|work=People}}</ref><br>Amber van Ree<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/06/07/amber-heard-arrested-2009-charge-hitting-girlfriend/85563338/|title=Amber Heard arrested in 2009 on charge of hitting girlfriend|work=USA Today}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|4|22|mf=yes}} | birth_place = [[Austin, Texas]], U.S. | residence = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2003–present | spouse = {{marriage|[[Johnny Depp]]|2015|2017|reason=divorced}} | partner = [[Tasya van Ree]] (2008–2012) }} '''Amber Laura Heard''' (born 22 Apryle 1986)<ref name=tvg><!-- Cite covers both birth date and full name Amber Laura Heard. -->{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/amber-heard-285286/bio/|title=Amber Heard|work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=February 1, 2015|archive-date=2015-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205043326/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/amber-heard-285286/bio/|url-status=dead}}</ref> is an American actress an model. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Heard, Amber}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae Austin, Texas]] [[Category:American atheists]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American umwhile Christians]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American weemen activists]] [[Category:Umwhile Roman Catholics]] [[Category:LGBT actresses]] [[Category:LGBT enterteeners frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:LGBT fowk frae Texas]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Veectims o domestic abuiss]] naoj07dbtkjzhtiv3g9vjhqlvdthe5b 0 213482 923010 873877 2026-09-22T23:54:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{short description|Professional non-ranking snooker tournament, Jan 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox individual snooker tournament |tournament_name=2020 Dafabet [[Masters (snooker)|Masters]] |logo=File:Crowd and table Masters final 2020.jpg |alt=image of snooker table and crowd |caption=Inside the event during the entrances for the final |dates=12–19 January 2020 |venue= [[Alexandra Palace]] |location=[[London]] |country=[[England]] |organisation=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association|WPBSA]], [[World Snooker]] |format=Non-[[Snooker world rankings|ranking]] event |Total prize fund=[[Pound sterling|£]]725,000 |winners_share=£250,000 |highest_break={{flagathlete|[[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]]|ENG}} (144) |winner={{flagathlete|[[Stuart Bingham]]|ENG}} |runner_up={{flagathlete|[[Ali Carter]]|ENG}} |score=10–8 |previous=[[2019 Masters (snooker)|2019]] |next=<!--[[2021 Masters (snooker)|2021]]--> }} The '''2020 Masters''' (an aw referred tae as the '''2020 Dafabet Masters''' efter the sponsor) wis a professional non-rankin [[snooker]] toornament that teuk place atween 12 and 19&nbsp;Januar 2020 at the [[Alexandra Palace]] in [[London]], England. It wis the 46th staging o [[Masters (snooker)|the Masters]] toornament, which wis first held in [[1975 Masters (snooker)|1975]], an the seicont o three [[Triple Crown (snooker)|Triple Crown]] events in the [[2019–20 snooker season|2019–20 season]], follaein the [[2019 UK Championship]] and preceding the [[2020 Warld Snooker Championship]]. The event invites the tap 16 players frae the [[snooker world rankings]] in a [[single-elimination tournament]]. It wis organised bi the [[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]] and wis broadcast bi the [[BBC]] and [[Eurosport]] in Europe. The defendin champion wis [[Judd Trump]] who haed defeatit [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] 10–4 in the feenal o the [[2019 Masters (snooker)|previous year's event]]. In defence o his title, Trump lost tae [[Shaun Murphy]] 3–6 in the first roond. O'Sullivan wis eligible tae compete in the event, but chose nae tae participate; his entry wis gien tae [[Ali Carter]], who reached the feenal and played [[Stuart Bingham]]. Recovering frae 5–7 behind, Bingham won the feenal 10–8 tae claim his first Masters title. He became the auldest Masters champion at age&nbsp;43, beatin the previous record set bi [[Ray Reardon]] in [[1976 Masters (snooker)|1976]]. As the winner o the event, Bingham received [[pound sterling|£]]250,000 frae a tot prize pool o £725,000. The toornament featurt a tot o 18 [[century break]]s; the heichest brak wis a 144 compiled bi [[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]] in the quarter-feenals, for which he won £15,000. ==Overview== [[File:Ali Carter breaking off Masters final 2020.jpg|thumb|alt=Picture o a crowd behind a snooker table|The setup inside the [[Alexandra Palace]] during the tournament]] [[Masters (snooker)|The Masters]] is an invitational [[snooker]] toornament that wis first held in [[1975 Masters (snooker)|1975]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of the Dafabet Masters |work=WPBSA |date= |access-date=22 July 2020 |url= https://wpbsa.com/a-brief-history-of-the-dafabet-masters/ }}</ref> wi the tap-16 players frae the snooker Warld rankins invited tae participate.<ref name="hYf7Y" /> The 2020 Masters wis the seicont [[Triple Crown (snooker)|Triple Crown]] event o the [[2019–20 snooker season]], follaein the [[2019 UK Championship]] and preceding the [[2020 World Snooker Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019–20 snooker calendar |work=World Snooker |date= |access-date=22 July 2020 |url= https://wst.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Click-here-for-the-calendar.pdf }}</ref> The toornament wis held atween 12 and 19&nbsp;Januar 2020.<ref name="radi_Mast" /> The 16 heichest-ranked players accordin tae the [[Snooker world rankings 2019/2020|world rankings]] efter the UK Championship in December 2019 war invited tae the event.<ref name="wpbs_Race"/> Seiven-time Masters champion and 2019 runner-up [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]], ranked third, chose nae tae enter; his place wis awairdit tae [[Ali Carter]], who wis ranked 17t prior tae the toornament.<ref name="wpbs_Race">{{Cite web |title=Race to the Masters 2020: Latest Updates |work=WPBSA |date= |access-date=22 July 2020 |url= https://wpbsa.com/race-to-the-masters-2020-latest-updates/ }}</ref> [[World Snooker]] reportit that O'Sullivan haed pulled oot o the event for "personal reasons", but he later commented that the reason thay haed stated wis a "mistake" and that he haed nae wished tae tak pairt.<ref name="ronnie" /><ref name="OZuPY" /> [[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]] made his Masters debut at the event.<ref name="snoo_Race" /> The draw for the toornament wis held during the feenal o the 2019 UK Championship.<ref name="euro_UKCh">{{Cite web |title=UK Championship final as it happened – Ding beats Maguire to take title |work=Eurosport UK |date= |access-date=22 July 2020 |url= https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/uk-championship/2019-2020/uk-championship-final-latest-stephen-maguire-takes-on-ding-junhui-in-york_sto7553985/story.shtml }}</ref> As in previous years, the tap aicht seeds war allocated fixed poseetions in the draw.<ref name="firstdraw" /> Aw matches war played as best-o-11-{{cuegloss|frame|frames}} matches, except for the feenal which wis played ower a maximum o 19 frames.<ref name="tc0Wd" /> The week afore the 2020 Masters, organisers Warld Snooker war re-branded as the "World Snooker Tour". In addition tae this chynge, the Triple Crown wis renamed the "Triple Crown Series", players who haed won aw three events wore a crown on thair playin waistcoats.<ref name="4eGXh" /> The 2020 Masters wis the first event tae featur thir changes in branding.<ref name="UQdE8" /> The toornament wis sponsored bi sports betting company [[Dafabet]].<ref name="wst._Dafa" /> ===Prize fund=== The prize fund for the event wis [[pound sterling|£]]725,000, wi the winner receiving £250,000.<ref name="radi_Mast" /> This wis an increase o £125,000 ower the previous year's tot prize fund and an extra £50,000 for the tap prize.<ref name="firstdraw" /><ref name="hitc_Snoo" /> * Winner: £250,000 * Runner-up: £100,000 * Semi-feenals: £60,000 * Quarter-feenals: £30,000 * Last 16: £15,000 * Highest brak: £15,000 * Tot: £725,000 ==Summary== ===First round=== [[File:Joe Perry PHC 2012-3.jpg|thumb|alt=Joe Perry leaning across a snooker table preparing tae tak a shot | [[Joe Perry (snooker player)|Joe Perry]] won the openin match o the tournament, defeatin the [[2019 UK Championship|2019 UK Champion]] [[Ding Junhui]].]] The Masters began on 12&nbsp;Januar 2020 wi first-roond matches played as best-o-11-frames. The 2019 UK champion and aicht seed [[Ding Junhui]] teuk on 15t seed [[Joe Perry (snooker player)|Joe Perry]] in the openin match. Perry wis runner-up in his last appearance at the event in [[2017 Masters (snooker)|2017]] but haed nae participated in the intervening twa years, whilst Ding haed won anly three matches at the Masters syne winnin the event in [[2011 Masters (snooker)|2011]].<ref name="Perry/Ding & Carter/Selby BBC" /> Perry teuk the openin frame, afore Ding completit a brak o 135 in the seicont frame, the first [[century break]] o the toornament. Perry won frame three and Ding teuk the fowert tae tie the match at 2–2 at the interval.<ref name="Carter/Selby & Perry/Ding SL" /> Perry teuk a 3–2 lead afore Ding again equalised at 3–3, but then Perry scored a brak o 93 tae retake the lead at 4–3. Ding, on a brak o 41 and likely tae win frame aicht, ran oot o poseetion allouin Perry tae increase his lead tae 5–3, winnin the match in the next frame.<ref name="Perry/Ding & Carter/Selby BBC" /><ref name="Carter/Selby & Perry/Ding SL" /> He commented afterwards that "the interval came at the right time" for him as his performance improved in the seicont hauf o the match.<ref name="Carter/Selby & Perry/Ding SL" /> [[File:Masters 2020 4.jpg|thumb|alt=John Higgins preparing tae tak a shot|[[John Higgins]] (pictured at the event) wis ane o juist twa higher-ranked players tae win in the first roond.]] Three-time Masters champion and fowert seed [[Mark Selby]] played the lowest seed, [[Ali Carter]], in the seicont first-roond match. Carter, 17t in the Warld rankins, haed qualified for the event efter Warld nummer three Ronnie O'Sullivan haed chosen nae tae participate.<ref name="wpbs_Race"/> Carter won the openin frame, escaping frae a {{cuegloss|snooker}} wi a {{cuegloss|fluke}} shot that resulted in him potting a {{cuegloss|red ball}} when 8–51 behind. He an aw won frame twa, efter requirin twa snookers, an wis leadin 3–1 at the interval.<ref name="Carter/Selby & Perry/Ding SL" /> Selby then won three consecutive frames and teuk the lead for the first time, includin a brak o 94 in frame sax, but Carter responded bi takkin the next three frames, wi braks o 63 and 68 in the last twa, tae win the match 6–4.<ref name="Carter/Selby & Perry/Ding SL" /> The [[2012 Masters (snooker)|2012 Masters]] champion [[Neil Robertson]] played UK Championship runner-up [[Stephen Maguire]]. Robertson won the first fower frames tae lead 4–0 at the interval, an later 5–1,<ref name="Robertson/Maguire SL"/> afore Maguire teuk frame seiven wi a brak o 105.<ref name="Robertson/Maguire SL" /> During this frame, he played a shot that [[BBC]] commentator [[Steve Davis]] descrived as "the most amazing shot in the history of snooker." In attemptin tae pot a reid ball intae the tap right pocket, Maguire struck the {{cuegloss|cue ball}} wi sic force that the reid leapt intae the air efter hitting the back o the pocket and landed on the table. The shot haed sae much {{cuegloss|backspin}} that it rolled back intae the pocket; the cue ball jumped the pack o reds, hit the {{cuegloss|knuckle}} o the right middle pocket and went {{cuegloss|in-off}} in the bottom right pocket.<ref name="x75Yt" /> Robertson wis leadin 56–0 in frame aicht, but Maguire capitalised on missed shots tae win the frame.<ref name="Robertson/Maguire BBC"/> He an aw teuk the next twa frames tae force a {{cuegloss|deciding frame}}.<ref name="Robertson/Maguire SL"/> Robertson gained the first chance in the feenal frame, but missed a shot on the {{cuegloss|black ball|black}}, allouin Maguire tae mak a brak o 62 and win the match. Maguire wis informed afterwards that at the interval follaein the first fower frames, bookmakers haed made him 25:1 against winnin the match.<ref name="Robertson/Maguire SL"/> [[File:Shaun Murphy PHC 2015-2.jpg|thumb|alt=Sean Murphy leaning ower a table lining up a shot uisin a brig stick| Ninth seed [[Shaun Murphy]] defeatit the defendin champion [[Judd Trump]] 6–3 in the first roond.]] Debutant [[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]] played [[2018 Masters (snooker)|2018 Masters]] champion [[Mark Allen (snooker player)|Mark Allen]]. Gilbert won the first frame wi a brak o 77, an the seicont wi a brak o 121. Allen wis leadin 59–12 in frame three, afore Gilbert {{cuegloss|cleared}} the table wi a brak o 58 tae clinch the frame, an an aw teuk frame fower tae lead 4–0 at the interval.<ref name="Robertson/Maguire SL"/> Allen then won frame five, but Gilbert teuk the next twa frames, includin a brak o 95, tae win the match 6–1. Haein missed anly aicht pots during the entire match, Gilbert commented that his performance wis "probably the best [he had] ever played".<ref name="Robertson/Maguire SL"/> Defendin champion [[Judd Trump]] met [[2015 Masters (snooker)|2015 Masters]] champion [[Shaun Murphy]] in the first roond. Trump made three century braks in the first five frames tae lead 3–2.<ref name="Trump/Murphy"/> The third o thir wis his 678th century in competitive play, muivin him intae third place in the leet o players that hae made the maist career century braks.<ref name="Trump/Murphy"/> Despite Trump's strong start, Murphy teuk aw o the next fower frames tae win 6–3,<ref name="Trump/Murphy"/> a scoreline that Trump later descrived as "flattering" for Murphy.<ref name="Trump/Murphy"/><ref name="spor_Mast" /> Twa-time champion [[John Higgins]] played [[Barry Hawkins]], wi Higgins winnin the first five frames o the match. Hawkins teuk frame sax wi a century brak, afore Higgins won frame seiven tae triumph 6–1.<ref name="Trump/Murphy"/><ref name="asia_LIVE" /> Seedit fowert, Higgins wis the first higher-ranked player tae win thair first-roond match and progress tae the quarter-feenals.<ref name="euro_Snoo_HvhrC" /> On 15 Januar, the feenal day o the first roond, the 2018 runner-up [[Kyren Wilson]] played [[Jack Lisowski]], and twa-time Masters champion [[Mark Williams (snooker player)|Mark Williams]] played [[Stuart Bingham]]. Lisowski won the openin twa frames o the first match, afore Wilson teuk sax frames in a row tae win 6–2.<ref name="finalfirstround BBC" /> Wilson later remarked that Lisowski wis "flawless for two frames", but O'Sullivan commentating for [[Eurosport]] said o Lisowski: "to lose six frames on the bounce, you can't do that. There's something seriously wrong in your game."<ref name="EiEI6" /> Seedit seivent, Wilson wis ane o anly twa higher-ranked players tae win in the first roond, the ither bein Higgins on the previous day. During frame five o the match, referee Ben Williams wis stung bi a wasp when attemptin tae remove it frae the [[billiard table|table]].<ref name="finalfirstround BBC" /> The ither match wis tied 2–2 at the interval; Bingham then won fower straucht frames, wi braks o 50, 76, 86 and 54, tae defeat Williams 6–2.<ref name="euro_Snoo_HvhrC" /> ===Quarter-finals=== [[File:David Gilbert PHC 2016-3.jpg|thumb|alt=David Gilbert lining up a shot while leaning ower a table | [[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]], playin in the event for the first time, defeatit [[Stephen Maguire]] 6–2 tae reach the semi-finals.]] The quarter-feenals war played on 16 and 17&nbsp;Januar as best-o-11-frames.<ref name="quarter day1" /> Shaun Murphy played Joe Perry in the first quarter-feenal match. Murphy won three o the first fower frames makin three braks o 50 or mair.<ref name="quarter day1" /><ref name="bbc quarter 1" /> Perry teuk frame five, then Murphy won frame sax tae lead 4–2. On a brak o 50 and leukin likely tae win frame seiven, Perry missed a reid, allouin Murphy tae {{cuegloss|clearance|clear}} the table for a 5–2 lead, sicweys winnin the match in frame aicht.<ref name="quarter day1" /> Ali Carter played John Higgins in the seicont quarter-feenal. Carter opened a 4–1 lead, afore Higgins compiled a brak o 140 tae win frame sax, an then teuk frame seiven wi a brak o 73 tae muive within ane frame o his opponent at 3–4.<ref name="quarter day1" /> In frame aicht, Carter played a {{cuegloss|roll-up}} tae the {{cuegloss|yellow ball}}, which wis cried as a foul bi referee [[Desislava Bozhilova]], who deemed the cue ball nae tae hae made contact wi the object ball.<ref name="snoo_AliC" /> Carter, houiver, believed that the balls haed touched and challenged the referee's decision, which wis then reversed.<ref name="quarter day1" /> Video replays o the event showed that the balls haed nae actually made contact.<ref name="snoo_AliC" /> Carter won the frame, as well as frame nine, tae win the match 6–3.<ref name="snoo_AliC" /> David Gilbert played Stephen Maguire in the third quarter-feenal. Gilbert won the first frame wi the heichest brak o the toornament, a 144.<ref name="quarter3" /> He an aw won the seicont frame, followed bi a brak o 91 in the third tae lead 3–0. Maguire teuk frame fower, but Gilbert won the next bi a single pynt, an aw winnin frame sax bi a narrow margin.<ref name="quarter3" /> Maguire won frame seiven wi a brak o 94, fawin short o a 101 efter playin a foul shot.<ref name="quarter3" /> Gilbert teuk the next frame tae win the match 6–2.<ref name="quarter3" /> The last quarter-feenal wis atween Kyren Wilson and Stuart Bingham. Wilson won the openin frame wi a 139 {{cuegloss|total clearance}}, and then established a 4–1 lead. Bingham won frame sax wi a {{cuegloss|doubling|double}} on the black ball, an teuk the next twa frames tae draw level at 4–4.<ref name="quarter3" /><ref name="Bingham/Wilson BBC">{{Cite web |title=Masters 2020: Stuart Bingham comes from 4–1 down to beat Kyren Wilson and reach semi-finals |last=Hafez |first=Shamoon |work=BBC Sport |date=18 January 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51155605 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118060557/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51155605 |archive-date=18 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> He then won twa faur frames, makin it five in a row, tae win the match 6–4.<ref name="quarter3" /><ref name="Bingham/Wilson BBC"/><ref name="SL microscope" /> ===Semi-finals=== [[File:Ali Carter PHC 2015-1.jpg|thumb|alt=Ali Carter leaning ower a table while lining up a shot | World nummer 17 [[Ali Carter]] defeatit [[Shaun Murphy]] 6–3 tae reach his first Masters final.]] The semi-feenals war played on 18 Januar as best-o-11-frames. The sole remainin umwhile Masters champion, Shaun Murphy, played Ali Carter. The first frame featurt a brak o 68 frae Carter, who later won the frame efter some {{cuegloss|safety}} play.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> Carter won the seicont frame; Murphy won the third wi a brak o 105, but Carter won the fowert frame tae lead 3–1.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /><ref name="bbc semi" /> Murphy scored his seicont century in the match in frame five—a&nbsp;110. Murphy wis on course tae mak anither century in frame sax, but a poor shot meant that he finished on anly 56, allouin Carter tae lead 4–2. Carter looked likely tae lead 5–2, requirin three shots tae win frame seiven, but missed a shot on the {{cuegloss|brown ball}}, which Murphy won.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> Leadin bi 30 wi 35 pynts remainin, Carter declined tae pot a {{cuegloss|blue ball}} worth five pynts, playin a snooker insteid. Murphy escaped the snooker and laid a snooker o his ain. Escaping this snooker, Carter fluked the shot allouin him tae win the frame.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> Carter won frame nine tae win the match wi a brak o 97.<ref name="bbc semi" /><ref name="live_Matc" /> The seicont semi-feenal wis atween David Gilbert and Stuart Bingham. Gilbert haed yet tae defeat Bingham, haein met him in professional play on ten previous occasions.<ref name="SCENEFEB">{{cite magazine |last=Yates |first=Phil |date=February 2020 |title=Bingham beat Gilbert 6–2 |magazine=[[Snooker Scene]] |location=Halesowen |publisher=Snooker Scene Ltd |page=15}}</ref><ref name="Semi2Broadcast" /> Bingham won the first three frames, wi a brak o 94 in the first, afore Gilbert won frame fower.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> Bingham won the next twa frames, includin a brak o 75, tae lead 5–1.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> Gilbert won frame seiven, but Bingham teuk the aicht, includin his anly century o the toornament, tae win the match 6–2. The {{cuegloss|match ball|frame ball}} shot on the reid rattled in the bottom right corner, afore bein fluked intae the left corner pocket.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> ===Final=== [[File:Stuart Bingham PHC 2016-1.jpg|thumb|alt=Bingham playin a shot wi a rest|[[Stuart Bingham]] won the event for the first time, tae acome the auldest Masters champion, aged 43.]] The feenal wis played as a best-o-19 frames match ower twa {{cuegloss|session|sessions}} on 19&nbsp;Januar.<ref name="tc0Wd" /> The twa feenalists war Ali Carter and Stuart Bingham, baith players frae [[Essex]].<ref name="wst._Bing" /> The pair haed a 9–8 record o matches won in previous play in favour o Bingham.<ref name="snoo_TheM" /> This wis the first time that aither player haed reached the feenal o the Masters;<ref name="wst._Bing" /> ranked 17t in the Warld, Carter wis the first player syne Ronnie O'Sullivan in 2014 tae appear in the feenal while ranked ootside the Warld's tap 16.<ref name="snoo_TheM" /> The match referee wis [[Brendan Moore (snooker referee)|Brendan Moore]].<ref name="referee" /> The winner o the match wad receive the [[Paul Hunter]] Trophy named efter three-time winner.<ref name="wst._Bing" /> The first session began at 1:00&nbsp;p.m. [[Greenwich Mean Time]].<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> Carter won the first frame wi a brak o 126,<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> afore Bingham claimed the next twa frames, efter missed shots frae Carter, tae lead 2–1.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> Carter attempted a [[maximum break]] in frame fower, potting seiven reds and seiven blacks, but anly scored 56. Efter Bingham scored 23, Carter clinched the frame tae tie the match at 2–2.<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /> He an aw won frame five, which wis briefly delayed bi a "[[whoopee cushion]]" device bein set off in the crowd.<ref name="bbc final" /><ref name="whoopie cushion" /> Bingham teuk the next three frames tae develop a 5–3 lead going intae the seicont session.<ref name="bbc final" /> On resumption o the match, Carter won the first twa frames tae draw level again at 5–5. He an aw won frame 11 wi a brak o 95 and frame 12 wi a brak o 135, tae lead 7–5 at the feenal interval.<ref name="Final WST" /> Bingham then won fower consecutive frames, aw wi braks o 50 plus, tae level at 7–7 and then muive intae a 9–7 lead, ane frame away frae veectory.<ref name="Final WST" /> Carter teuk frame 17 wi a brak o 77,<ref name="Bingham/Carter live" /><ref name="Final WST" /> but Bingham won the match 10–8 in the next frame, wi a brak o 109, his anly century o the toornament.<ref name="Final WST" /> Aged 43&nbsp;years and aicht months, Bingham became the auldest winner o the toornament, bein five month aulder than the previous holder o this record, [[Ray Reardon]], who haed won the Masters title in [[1976 Masters (snooker)|1976]] aged 43&nbsp;years and three month.<ref name="bbc final" /> ==Main draw== Below are the results frae the event. Players in bold denote the match winners, an nummers tae the left o the player names are the seedings.<ref name="bbc._Mast" /><ref name="rjrbG" /><ref name="tSJPo" /> {{#invoke: TeamBracket | teamBracket | rounds = 4 | seed-width = | team-width = 180 | score-width = | RD1= '''First round'''<br/>Best of 11 frames | RD2= '''Quarter-finals'''<br/>Best of 11 frames | RD3= '''Semi-finals'''<br/>Best of 11 frames | RD4= '''Final'''<br/>Best of 19 frames | RD1-seed01=1 | RD1-team01={{flagathlete|[[Judd Trump]]|ENG}} | RD1-score01=3 | RD1-seed02=9 | RD1-team02={{flagathlete|'''[[Shaun Murphy]]'''|ENG}} | RD1-score02='''6''' | RD1-seed03=8 | RD1-team03={{flagathlete|[[Ding Junhui]]|CHN}} | RD1-score03=3 | RD1-seed04=15 | RD1-team04={{flagathlete|'''[[Joe Perry (snooker player)|Joe Perry]]'''|ENG}} | RD1-score04='''6''' | RD1-seed05=5 | RD1-team05={{flagathlete|[[Mark Selby]]|ENG}} | RD1-score05=4 | RD1-seed06=16 | RD1-team06={{flagathlete|'''[[Ali Carter]]'''|ENG}} | RD1-score06='''6''' | RD1-seed07=4 | RD1-team07={{flagathlete|'''[[John Higgins]]'''|SCO}} | RD1-score07='''6''' | RD1-seed08=10 | RD1-team08={{flagathlete|[[Barry Hawkins]]|ENG}} | RD1-score08=1 | RD1-seed09=3 | RD1-team09={{flagathlete|[[Neil Robertson]]|AUS}} | RD1-score09=5 | RD1-seed10=14 | RD1-team10={{flagathlete|'''[[Stephen Maguire]]'''|SCO}} | RD1-score10='''6''' | RD1-seed11=6 | RD1-team11={{flagathlete|[[Mark Allen (snooker player)|Mark Allen]]|NIR}} | RD1-score11=1 | RD1-seed12=11 | RD1-team12={{flagathlete|'''[[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]]'''|ENG}} | RD1-score12='''6''' | RD1-seed13=7 | RD1-team13={{flagathlete|'''[[Kyren Wilson]]'''|ENG}} | RD1-score13='''6''' | RD1-seed14=13 | RD1-team14={{flagathlete|[[Jack Lisowski]]|ENG}} | RD1-score14=2 | RD1-seed15=2 | RD1-team15={{flagathlete|[[Mark Williams (snooker player)|Mark Williams]]|WAL}} | RD1-score15=2 | RD1-seed16=12 | RD1-team16={{flagathlete|'''[[Stuart Bingham]]'''|ENG}} | RD1-score16='''6''' | RD2-seed01=9 | RD2-team01={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Shaun Murphy]]''' | RD2-score01='''6''' | RD2-seed02=15 | RD2-team02={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Joe Perry (snooker player)|Joe Perry]] | RD2-score02=3 | RD2-seed03=16 | RD2-team03={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Ali Carter]]''' | RD2-score03='''6''' | RD2-seed04=4 | RD2-team04={{flagicon|SCO}} [[John Higgins]] | RD2-score04=3 | RD2-seed05=14 | RD2-team05={{flagicon|SCO}} [[Stephen Maguire]] | RD2-score05=2 | RD2-seed06=11 | RD2-team06={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]]''' | RD2-score06='''6''' | RD2-seed07=7 | RD2-team07={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kyren Wilson]] | RD2-score07=4 | RD2-seed08=12 | RD2-team08={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Stuart Bingham]]''' | RD2-score08='''6''' | RD3-seed01=9 | RD3-team01={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Shaun Murphy]] | RD3-score01=3 | RD3-seed02=16 | RD3-team02={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Ali Carter]]''' | RD3-score02='''6''' | RD3-seed03=11 | RD3-team03={{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]] | RD3-score03=2 | RD3-seed04=12 | RD3-team04={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Stuart Bingham]]''' | RD3-score04='''6''' | RD4-seed01=16 | RD4-team01={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ali Carter]] | RD4-score01=8 | RD4-seed02=12 | RD4-team02={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Stuart Bingham]]''' | RD4-score02='''10''' }} ===Feenal=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |- | colspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#ffd700" | '''feenal:''' Best o 19 frames. Referee: {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Brendan Moore (snooker referee)|Brendan Moore]].<br/>[[Alexandra Palace]], [[London]], England, 19 Januar 2020. |- | width="230" align="right" | [[Ali Carter]] (16)<br/>{{ENG}} | width="100" align="center" | 8–'''10''' | width="230" align="left" | '''[[Stuart Bingham]]''' (12)<br/>{{ENG}} |- | colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 100%" | ''Afternoon:'' '''126'''–8 (126), 5–'''122''' (75), 56–'''78''', '''73'''–23 (56), '''94'''–0 (93), 69–'''81''' (66), 5–'''96''' (50), 45–'''67'''<br/>''Evening:'' '''87'''–4, '''75'''–22, '''95'''–37 (95), '''134'''–0 (133), 8–'''71''' (64), 0–'''85''' (85), 26–'''63''' (58), 0–'''88''' (88), '''77'''–3 (77), 1–'''109''' (109) |- | align="right" | '''133''' | align="center" | Highest brak | 109 |- | align="right" | '''2''' | align="center" | Century braks | 1 |- | align="right" | 6 | align="center" | 50+ braks | '''8''' |} ==Century breaks== Thare wis a tot o 18 century braks made during the toornament.<ref name="live_Cent" /> Neil Robertson pledged tae pey £100 for every century made, plus an additional £5,000, towards [[New South Wales]]' wildlife charity [[NSW Wildlife Information Rescue and Education Service]] tae help recovery frae the [[2019–20 Australian bushfire season|2019–20 Australian bushfires]].<ref name="Robertson/Maguire BBC">{{Cite web |title=Masters 2020: Stephen Maguire beats Neil Robertson; David Gilbert defeats Mark Allen |work=BBC Sport |date=13 January 2020|access-date=13 January 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51096884 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113174202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51096884 |archive-date=13 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Warld Snooker Tour indicated that thay wad donate the same amount.<ref name="Robertson/Maguire BBC"/> {{div col}} * 144, 131, 121 [[David Gilbert (snooker player)|David Gilbert]] * 140 [[John Higgins]] * 139 [[Kyren Wilson]] * 136 [[Neil Robertson]] * 135 [[Ding Junhui]] * 133, 126 [[Ali Carter]] * 128, 119, 116 [[Judd Trump]] * 120, 110, 105 [[Shaun Murphy]] * 109 [[Stuart Bingham]] * 105 [[Stephen Maguire]] * 101 [[Barry Hawkins]] {{div col end}} ==Broadcasting== The toornament wis broadcast live in the [[United Kingdom]] bi [[BBC Sport]], as well as on Eurosport in Europe.<ref name="broadcast" /> Warldwide, the event wis covered bi [[China Central Television]] and [[Superstars Online]] in China and [[Sky Sports]] in New Zealand.<ref name="broadcast" /> The event wis [[simulcast]] in Hong Kong bi [[Now TV (Hong Kong)|Now TV]] wi additional commentary; [[DAZN]] covered the event across Canadae, Brazil an the United States.<ref name="broadcast" /> ==References== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="broadcast">{{Cite web |title=Tournament Broadcasters 2019–20 |work=World Snooker |date=28 June 2019 |access-date=13 January 2020 |url=https://wst.tv/tournaments-broadcasters-2019-20/ 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through |first=Richard |last=Mann |date=2020-01-13 |work=Sporting Life|location=UK |access-date=13 January 2020 |url=https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/maguire-completes-shock-comeback/176151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113214347/https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/maguire-completes-shock-comeback/176151 |archive-date=13 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="x75Yt">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/snooker/51098509|title=Watch: 'The most amazing shot in the history of snooker'|work=BBC Sport|date=13 January 2020|accessdate=14 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114005833/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/snooker/51098509|archive-date=14 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Trump/Murphy">{{Cite web |title=Masters 2020: Judd Trump knocked out by Shaun Murphy, John Higgins beats Barry Hawkins |work=BBC Sport |date=14 January 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51112891 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115142447/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51112891 |archive-date=15 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="EiEI6">{{Cite web |title='There's something seriously wrong' – O'Sullivan and White blast Lisowski collapse |work=Eurosport UK |first=Carrie |last=Dunn |date=16 January 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |url= https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/the-masters/2019-2020/snooker-news-there-s-something-seriously-wrong-o-sullivan-and-white-blast-lisowski-collapse_sto7611516/story.shtml}}</ref> <ref name="euro_Snoo_HvhrC">{{Cite web |title=Bingham sets up quarter-final showdown with comeback kid Wilson |work=Eurosport UK |first=Carrie |last=Dunn |date=16 January 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |url= https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/the-masters/2019-2020/snooker-news-wilson-wraps-up-comeback-win-against-lisowski-to-claim-masters-quarter-final-spot_sto7611361/story.shtml |quote=50, 76, 86 and 54}}</ref> <ref name="quarter day1">{{Cite web |title=Masters snooker: Ali Carter and Shaun Murphy through to semi-finals |last=Coley |first=Ben |work=Sporting Life|location=UK |date=17 January 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |url= https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/murphy-works-his-way-past-perry/176265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406141454/https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/murphy-works-his-way-past-perry/176265 |archive-date=2020-04-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="bbc quarter 1">{{Cite web |title=Masters 2020: Ali Carter to meet Shaun Murphy in the semi-final |last=Hafez |first=Shamoon |work=BBC Sport |date=16 January 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51140473 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117144300/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51140473 |archive-date=2020-01-17 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="snoo_AliC">{{Cite web |title=Ali Carter on controversy: "I'm absolutely flabbergasted" |first=David |last=Caulfield |work=SnookerHQ |date=17 January 2020|access-date=18 January 2020 |url= https://snookerhq.com/2020/01/17/ali-carter-controversy-flabbergasted/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302163134/https://snookerhq.com/2020/01/17/ali-carter-controversy-flabbergasted/ |archive-date=2020-03-02 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="quarter3">{{Cite web |title=Bingham's epic comeback knocks out Wilson as Gilbert shocks Maguire |work=Eurosport UK |first=Alexander |last=Netherton |date=18 January 2020 |access-date=18 January 2020 |url= https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/the-masters/2019-2020/snooker-news-david-gilbert-shocks-stephen-maguire-to-reach-masters-semi-finals_sto7614438/story.shtml}}</ref> <ref name="live_Matc">{{Cite web |title=Match Result {{!}} World Snooker Live Scores |work=livescores.worldsnookerdata.com |access-date=18 January 2020 |url=http://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Matches/Result/14107/749022/dafabet-masters-2020 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="bbc semi">{{Cite web |title=Masters 2020: Ali Carter will face Stuart Bingham in final |first=Shamoon |last=Hafez |work=BBC Sport |date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51162856 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119001655/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51162856 |archive-date=19 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Semi2Broadcast">{{Cite episode |title=Masters Snooker – David Gilbert vs Stuart Bingham |episode-link= |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000dl46 |access-date=18 January 2020 |series=Masters Snooker |series-link= |network=BBC |station=BBC Two |date=18 January 2020 |season= |series-no= |number= |minutes=4 |transcript= |transcript-url= |quote="Head-to-Head: David Gilbert 0–10 Stuart Bingham"}}</ref> <ref name="Bingham/Carter live">{{Cite web |title=The Masters final as it happened – Bingham beats Carter 10–8 to claim first Masters title |work=Eurosport UK |date=19 January 2020 |access-date=19 January 2020 |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/the-masters/2019-2020/snooker-news-the-masters-live-semi-final-day-as-murphy-faces-carter-in-afternoon-match_sto7608170/story.shtml}}</ref> <ref name="wst._Bing">{{Cite web |title=Bingham Sets Up Carter Showdown |work=World Snooker |date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020 |url= https://wst.tv/bingham-sets-up-carter-showdown/}}</ref> <ref name="referee">{{Cite web |title=Results (Masters 2020) |trans-title= |last=Årdalen |first=Hermund |website=snooker.org |access-date=4 April 2020 |url=http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=841 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406142305/http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=841 |archive-date=2020-04-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="SL microscope">{{Cite web |title=Masters Snooker talking points: Stuart Bingham, Kyren Wilson and Jack Lisowski under the microscope |work=Sporting Life|location=UK |access-date=25 January 2020 |url= https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/talking-points-masters-reflections/176363 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406141834/https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/talking-points-masters-reflections/176363 |archive-date=2020-04-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="snoo_TheM">{{Cite web |title=The Masters Final: Stuart Bingham vs Ali Carter |work=SnookerHQ |first=David |last=Caulfield |date=19 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020 |url= https://snookerhq.com/2020/01/19/the-masters-final-stuart-bingham-ali-carter/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217175112/https://snookerhq.com/2020/01/19/the-masters-final-stuart-bingham-ali-carter/ |archive-date=2020-02-17 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="bbc final">{{Cite web |title=Masters 2020: Stuart Bingham fights back to beat Ali Carter and win title |first=Shamoon |last=Hafez |work=BBC Sport |date=19 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51168579 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121084014/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/51168579 |archive-date=2020-01-21 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="wst._Dafa">{{Cite web |title=Dafabet Extend Masters Sponsorship |work=World Snooker |date= |access-date=15 July 2020 |url=https://wst.tv/dafabet-extend-masters-sponsorship/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305025517/https://wst.tv/dafabet-extend-masters-sponsorship/ |archive-date=5 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="whoopie cushion">{{Cite web |title='Whoopee cushion device' stops play at Masters |work=BBC Sport |date=19 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/snooker/51169569 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119160237/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/snooker/51169569 |archive-date=19 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Final WST">{{Cite web |title=Bingham Claims Maiden Masters Title |work=World Snooker |date=19 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020 |url=https://wst.tv/bingham-claims-maiden-masters-title/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125190350/https://wst.tv/bingham-claims-maiden-masters-title/ |archive-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} ==External links== {{Commons}} * {{official website|https://wst.tv/tournaments/masters/}} {{Snooker season 2019/2020}} [[Category:Masters (snooker)|Masters]] [[Category:2020 i snooker]] e9tdmg5tb6tzmd3thqbbcrcmzqa91ks 0 220889 923071 919110 2026-09-23T08:27:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} [[File:Egypt Turkey Locator.png|alt=Egyp an Turkey|thumb|Egyp an Turkey]] '''Egyptian–Turkis relations''' are [[bilateral relations]] atween [[Egyp]] an [[Turkey]]. Egyp an Turkey are boond bi strang releegious, cultural an historical ties, but diplomatic ties atween the twa hae remained extremely friendly at times an extremely strained at ithers. For three centuries, Egyp wis pairt o the [[Ottoman Empire]], whose caipital wis [[Constantinople]] in modren-day Turkey, despite govrenor o Egyp, [[Muhammad Ali o Egyp|Muhammad Ali]], waged war against the Ottoman sultan, [[Mahmud II]], in 1831. Turkey established diplomatic relations wi Egyp in 1925 at the level o Charge d’ Affaires an upgradit its mission in Cairo tae Ambassadorial level in 1948. Baith kintras have embassies an consulate generals in the ither's caipitals. Baith kintras hae signed a free trade agreement in December 2005. Baith kintras are full members o the [[Union for the Mediterranean]]. A naitural gas deal atween Egyp an Turkey—the lairgest jynt Egyptian-Turkis project tae date, estimatit tae cost $4 billion—is being implementit.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} On 16 Apryle 2008, Egyp an Turkey signed a memorandum o unnerstaundin tae impruive an further militar relations an cooperation atween the twa kintras. Relations houaniver hae been quite tense on mony occasions in history o baith kintras includin the [[Nasser era]] in Egyp in the 1950s an 60s. It haes strangly deterioratit in the period follaein the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|owerthrow]] o the Egyptian preses [[Mohamed Morsi]] on Julie 3, 2013 follaein a 48-hour deadline on Julie 1, marking the end o [[Julie 2013 Egyptian protests|anti-govrenment protests]] that took place atween Juin 30 an Julie 3 that year. On 23 November 2013, the Egyptian govrenment expelled the Turkis ambassador in Cairo efter a months-lang diplomatic creesis. ==Diplomatic relations== ===Relations unner Gamal Abdel Nasser=== In the midst of the [[Cauld War]] and during the rule o Egyptian Preses [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], relations atween baith kintras have soured dramatically due tae Turkey's membership in the Breetish-led [[Baghdad Pact]], which Nasser viewed as a major threat tae his efforts tae eliminate Wastren presence in the Arab warld, an acause o the growing influence o Nasser's Pan-Arab ideology, called [[Nasserism]]. In addition, Turkey wis the first Muslim majority kintra tae recognize the [[State o Israel]], Egypt's archrival at the time, showing even more its clear alignment tae the Wast. In 1958, Egyp [[Unitit Arab Republic|entered a brief union]] wi [[Sirie]], Turkey's soothren neighbor with whom it shared longtime diplomatic and border disputes, causing severe tensions atween the twa countries wi Turkey responding bi its engagement in a secret "peripheral alliance" wi Israel.<ref>Daniela, Huber. ''[http://www.iai.it/pdf/GTE/GTE_C_05.pdf Turkish-Israeli relations in a Changing Strategic Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217113142/http://www.iai.it/pdf/GTE/GTE_C_05.pdf |date=17 February 2013 }}'' IAI (2010).</ref> The tensions reached their peak in 1957 prior tae the unification wi Syria when Nasser, fearful of a Baghdad Pact toppling of the Sirian government, sent a contingent force tae assist Sirian forces that wis dispatched near the Sirian-Turkis border as a response tae a Turkis threat of incursion when a huge nummer of troops amassed along the border. This near-confrontation atween Egyptian and Turkish troops marked a dark spot in both countries' relations and eventually led to both sides withdrawing, ending the possible escalation of the crisis.<ref>{{Harvnb|J. Zürcher|2004|pp=236}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Rubin|Kirisci|2001|pp=102}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Dawisha|2009|pp=191–192}}</ref> ===Relations unner post-2011 Egyptian revolution=== Turkis Prime Meenister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] made his first three days official veesit tae [[Egyp]] on 12 September 2011, an was accompanied bi sax meenisters an approximately 200 businessmen.<ref name="cnn_egypt">{{cite news|title=Turkish prime minister arrives for visit to Egypt as role widens|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/09/12/turkey.diplomacy/|work=CNN|date=14 September 2011|accessdate=15 September 2011|archive-date=2018-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123302/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/09/12/turkey.diplomacy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This veesit wis considered a diplomatic success an wis met wi much enthusiasm bi Egyptians. [[CNN]] reportit some Egyptians saying "We consider him as the Islamic leader in the Middle East", while ithers were appreciative o his role in supporting Gaza.<ref name="cnn_egypt"/> Erdogan was later honored in [[Tahrir Square]] by members of the Egyptian Revolution Youth Union, and members of the Turkish embassy were presentit with a coat o airms in acknowledgment of the Prime Meenister’s support of the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]].<ref name="democrati">{{cite news|title=Egypt and Turkey, an Axis against Democracy?| url=http://democrati.net/2011/09/30/egypt-and-turkey-an-axis-against-democracy/|publisher=democrati|date=30 September 2011| accessdate=30 September 2011}}</ref> A week after he left, Turkish Foreign Minister, [[Ahmet Davutoğlu]] proclaimed his vision of a strategic alliance atween Egypt and Turkey which he described as an "Axis of Democracy".<ref name=democrati/> However, some voiced concerns that the Egyptian revolution was not fulfilled and that Erdogan was seeking his own country's strategic interests. It was feared that by forming an alliance with the SCAF interim government in Egypt during the country’s transition to democracy, Erdogan may have tipped the balance in favor of those that stand atween the Egyptians and their freedom.<ref name=democrati/> ===Relations follaein the remuival o Mohamed Morsi frae office=== {{main|2013 Egyptian coup d'état}} Following the [[July 2013 Egyptian protests|anti-government protests]] in the middle of 2013 that led to the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|2013 overthrow]] of Egyptian [[President of Egypt|President]] [[Mohamed Morsi]] who was strongly backed by Turkey's ruling [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (AKP), signs of strained relations rose atween the newly appointed interim government of Egypt and [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]'s [[Cabinet Erdoğan III|government]] in Turkey, mainly due to Erdoğan's pro-Brotherhood views, culminating with the [[August 2013 Rabaa massacre|August 2013 sit-in raids]] in Rabaa and Nahda by security forces, where sit-ins organized by the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] were dispersed, leading to clashes that resulted in 638 deaths, of which 43 were police officers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20130705-turkey-pm-blasts-egypt-coup-enemy-democracy|title=Turkey PM blasts Egypt 'coup' (people revolution) as enemy of democracy|date=5 July 2013|publisher=France 24}}</ref> The incident resulted in both countries recalling their respective ambassadors and was met with several verbal assaults by Erdoğan, who described the event as "anti-democratic" and referred to it as a "massacre," while suggesting that Egypt's leaders should be put under a "fair and transparent trial."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-16/turkey-egypt-recall-ambassadors|title=Turkey, Egypt recall envoys in wake of violence|date=16 August 2013|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/14/us-egypt-protests-reaction-idUSBRE97D11920130814 |title=U.S. condemns killings of Egypt protesters, Turkey wants U.N. action |date=14 August 2013 |publisher=Reuters |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6J0cIJJMd?url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/14/us-egypt-protests-reaction-idUSBRE97D11920130814 |archivedate=20 August 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> This was followed by a suspension of military exercises involving the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acus.org/natosource/turkey-blocks-egypt-joining-nato-naval-exercise |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-08-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819011053/http://www.acus.org/natosource/turkey-blocks-egypt-joining-nato-naval-exercise |archivedate=19 August 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://frontpagemag.com/2013/dgreenfield/turkey-accuses-egypt-of-massacre-egypt-responds-by-endorsing-armenian-genocide-declaration/|title=Turkey Accuses Egypt of Massacre, Egypt Responds by Endorsing Armenian Genocide Declaration|date=20 August 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Erdoğan also accused the Egyptian military of conspiring with [[Israel]] to topple Morsi's government at an expanded meeting of the provincial chairs of his ruling AKP and claimed to possess "proof" for that: "This is what has been implemented in Egypt. Who is behind this? Israel. We have evidence".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-has-evidence-that-israel-was-behind-egypt-coup-erdogan.aspx?pageID=517&nID=52876&NewsCatID=338|title=Israel behind coup to oust Morsi, Turkish PM Erdoğan says|date=20 August 2013|publisher=Hurriyet Daily News}}</ref> The claim was rejected by the Egyptian interim government, describing it as "baseless" and intended to "strike at the unity of Egyptians," with presidential spokesperson Ahmed Muslimani saying that "agents of the West should not give lessons in patriotism".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/news/israel-egypt-coup-erdogan-722/|title='Israel behind Egypt coup' – Turkish PM|date=20 August 2013|publisher=RT}}</ref> In response to Erdoğan's statements, Egypt's interim president, [[Adly Mansour]] announced on his [[Twitter]] account on 17 August that Egypt would to sign the international document [[Armenian Genocide recognition|recognizing]] the [[Armenian Genocide]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/egypt-to-acknowledge-armenian-genocide/|title=Egypt to Acknowledge Armenian Genocide|date=17 August 2013|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2013-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927031859/http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/egypt-to-acknowledge-armenian-genocide/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Adly_Mansour/status/368693120847724544|title=Adly Mansour on Twitter: يوقع غداً مندوبنا الدائم بالأمم المتحدة على الوثيقة الدولية التى تعترف بمذابح الأرمن والتى ارتكبها الجيش التركى وراح ضحيتها مليون قتيل|date=17 August 2013}}</ref> {{centered pull quote|Our representatives at the United Nations will sign the international document that acknowledges the Armenian genocide, which was committed by the Turkish military, leading to the deaths of one million.}} In addition, dozens of Egyptian articles have been published condemning Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide and urging the country's new leaders to recognize it. There have also been calls{{by whom|date=November 2013}} to erect a memorial monument commemorating the victims of the genocide in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asbarez.com/113717/millions-watch-popular-egyptian-talk-show-on-the-armenian-genocide/|title=Millions Watch Popular Egyptian Talk Show on the Armenian Genocide|date=10 September 2013|publisher=Asbarez|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122518/http://asbarez.com/113717/millions-watch-popular-egyptian-talk-show-on-the-armenian-genocide/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 23 November 2013, the Egyptian government expelled the Turkish ambassador to the country, Huseyin Avni Botsali, and recalled their ambassador from [[Ankara]] indefinitely after several months of tensions with Turkey's ruling AKP-led government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2013/11/23/1199174|title=مصر تعلن سحب سفيرها من أنقرة نهائيا القاهرة تطلب من السفير التركي في مصر سرعة مغادرة الأراضي|date=23 November 2013|publisher=Al-Mogaz (الموجز)|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2013-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124224838/http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2013/11/23/1199174|url-status=dead}}</ref> In response, Turkey also barred the Egyptian ambassador, who was out of the country at the time, and declared him a [[persona non grata]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25066115|title=Egypt expels Turkish ambassador|date=23 November 2013|publisher=BBC|work=BBC News}}</ref> The declaration came a day after Turkish PM [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] repeated his criticism of Egypt's interim government and his call for the urgent release of former Egyptian President [[Mohamed Morsi]]. Egypt's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Badr Abdelatty accused Erdoğan of meddling in the country's internal affairs by raising public opinion against the Egyptian government and supporting proscribed organizations that are bent on destabilizing the nation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/23/us-egypt-turkey-idUSBRE9AM03Y20131123|title=Egypt expels Turkish ambassador, Turkey retaliates|date=23 November 2013|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191121/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/23/us-egypt-turkey-idUSBRE9AM03Y20131123|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/newswires/2224526-egypt-asks-turkish-ambassador-to-leave-cites-threat-to-stability/|title=Egypt expels Turkish ambassador, Turkey retaliates|date=23 November 2013|publisher=Euronews|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2013-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125022048/http://www.euronews.com/newswires/2224526-egypt-asks-turkish-ambassador-to-leave-cites-threat-to-stability/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Relations unner Abdel Fattah al-Sisi=== In July 2014, the Egyptian Foreign Ministry warned that relations would worsen since Erdoğan called Sisi a "tyrant".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/egypt-warns-turkey-of-worsening-relations-1406396932|accessdate=21 August 2014|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|date=26 July 2014|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726200409/http://online.wsj.com/articles/egypt-warns-turkey-of-worsening-relations-1406396932|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> This comes after Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] slammed Egypt's President [[Abdel Fattah al-Sisi]] as an "illegitimate tyrant", saying that Egypt could not be relied upon to negotiate a truce with Israel during [[Operation Protective Edge]]. "Is Sisi a party (to a ceasefire)? Sisi is a tyrant himself," Erdogan told reporters. "He is not different from the others," he said, adding that it was Egypt's current rulers who were blocking humanitarian aid channels to the [[Gaza Strip]] ruled by the [[Hamas]] Islamist militant group. Egypt's Foreign Minister [[Sameh Shoukry]] said Erdogan's comments were "unacceptable".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/turkey-pm-erdogan-slams-egypts-illegitimate-tyrant-sisi-130905463.html?ref=gs|title=Turkey PM slams Egypt's 'illegitimate tyrant' Sisi|publisher=|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2020-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401110931/https://www.yahoo.com/news/turkey-pm-erdogan-slams-egypts-illegitimate-tyrant-sisi-130905463.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> Due to Turkey's interference in Egypt's domestic affairs. The Egyptian foreign ministry also canceled joint naval drills with Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Egypt, Turkey cancel navy drills as tensions rise|url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/08/16/egypt-turkey-cancel-navy-drills-as-tensions-rise/|accessdate = 2 June 2015|date = 2015-03-25|archive-date = 2015-09-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924183656/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/08/16/egypt-turkey-cancel-navy-drills-as-tensions-rise/|url-status = dead}}</ref> In September 2014, Egypt's foreign minister cancelled a meeting with Turkish president Erdoğan requested by Turkey after Erdoğan made a speech critical of Egypt in the UN General Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|title = Egypt cancels Erdoğan meeting over coup comments; Turkey denies meeting ever scheduled – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online|url = http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/111642/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-cancels-Erdogan-meeting-over-coup-comments;-.aspx|website = english.ahram.org.eg|accessdate = 2 June 2015|archive-date = 2020-04-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200401110935/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/111642/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-cancels-Erdogan-meeting-over-coup-comments;-.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref> An advisor to the Turkish president has denied that the countries' leaders were planning to meet. However, later Egypt's foreign ministry handed out a scanned document of Turkey's meeting proposal to the media and was published by Egypt's Youm7 newspaper.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/9/25/ننشر_صورة_من_طلب_تركيا_لقاء_وزير_الخارجية_سامح_شكرى/1881217|title = ننشر صورة من طلب "تركيا" لقاء وزير الخارجية سامح شكرى|website = Youm7}}</ref> Sisi's administration also decided to cancel the "Ro-Ro" agreement with Turkey, blocking Turkey from transporting Turkish containers to the Gulf via Egyptian ports.<ref>{{cite web|title = Egypt decides not to renew trade agreement with Turkey {{!}} Egypt Independent|url = http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypt-decides-not-renew-trade-agreement-turkey|accessdate = 2 June 2015|date = 2014-10-27}}</ref> An intense campaign started by Egypt and Saudi Arabia against Turkey made it lose its predicted easy victory of membership in the [[United Nations Security Council]].<ref>{{cite web|title =Turkey Loses U.N. Security Council Seat in Huge Upset|url = http://www.newsweek.com/venezuela-malaysia-angola-new-zealand-win-un-council-seats-277962|website =Newsweek|accessdate = 16 October 2014|date = 2014-10-16}}</ref> Following the [[2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt]], President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] gave an interview with [[Al Jazeera]] explaining that “President al-Sisi has nothing to do with democracy, and that he’s killed thousands of his own people.” The remarks were condemned by Egypt’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Ahmed Abu Zeid saying that the Turkish president “keeps confusing matter and is losing the ability to make sound judgments” and that this reflects “the difficult circumstances the Turkish president has been through. “He cannot differentiate between an evident revolution where [[2013 Egyptian Protests|more than 30 million Egyptians]] demanded the support of the Egyptian military and between military coups as we know them,” the statement explained.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2016/07/21/egypts-foreign-ministry-blasts-turkeys-erdogan-following-anti-sisi-remarks/|title=Egypt's Foreign Ministry Blasts Turkey's Erdogan Following Anti-Sisi Remarks|date=21 July 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/7/22/erdogan-blasts-egypts-putschist-president-sisi-in-al-jazeera-interview|title=Erdogan blasts Egypt's 'putschist president' Sisi in al-Jazeera interview|first=The New|last=Arab|publisher=}}</ref> On November 22, 2017, Egypt’s public prosecutor has ordered the detention of 29 people suspected of espionage on behalf of Turkey against Egypt national interest and joining a terrorist organization. They are also accused of money laundering, conducting overseas calls without a license and trading currency without a license. According to the results of an investigation by the General Intelligence Services, the group has been recording phone calls and passing information to Turkish intelligence as part of a plan to bring the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] back to power in Egypt.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-court/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN Egypt detains 29 people on suspicion of espionage for Turkey]</ref><ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/33764/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt In Pictures: Egypt foils Turkish espionage attempt] [[Egypt Today]]</ref> Following the executions of 9 people convicted of killing [[Hisham Barakat]] in February 2019, President Erdogan sharply criticized President al-Sisi, saying he refused to talk to "someone like him".<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/turkish-president-erdogan-denounces-egypt-sisi-executions-190224060937038.html</ref> ====Proposal tae recognise the [[Armenie Genocide]]==== Due to the ongoing deterioration of relations atween Egypt and Turkey, the Government of Egypt led by el-Sisi, has been receiving proposals to recognize the Armenian Genocide, a sensitive subject that Turkey has denounced mair nor once.<ref>https://anca.org/egypt-first-islamic-country-to-raise-armenian-genocide-issue-says-anc-egypt-chair/</ref> Filmmaker Mohamed Hanafi had produced a movie, "Who Killed the Armenians?", in response to the ongoing tensions atween Turkey and Egypt, as an act of Egyptian solidarity to Armenia.<ref>https://anca.org/who-killed-the-armenians-egyptian-filmmakers-tackle-the-genocide/</ref> In February 2019, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced it had implicitly recognized the Armenian Genocide, further deteriorating the relationship atween Turkey and Egypt.<ref>http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/2/64896/Egypt-implicitly-recognizes-Armenian-Genocide [[Egypt Today]]</ref> ====Proposal tae grant asylum tae [[Fethullah Gülen]]==== MP Emad Mahrous called on the Egyptian government to grant asylum to Gülen. In the request, sent to Speaker of the House of Representatives Ali Abdel-Aal, Prime Minister [[Sherif Ismail]] and Foreign Minister [[Sameh Shoukry]] on 24 July 2016, Mahrous notes that "[Turkey] was a moderate Muslim country that has become an Islamist dictatorship at the hands of [Turkish president] Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his affiliated [[Muslim Brotherhood]] political party", arguing that it was "highly distasteful" that Erdoğan has requested Gülen's extradition from the United States while at the same time "... giving shelter to hundreds of leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood terrorist organisation and members of other bloody militant Islamist groups which attack Egypt by day and night".<ref name=GulenAsylum>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/234917/Egypt/Politics-/The-govt-should-give-asylum-to-Turkish-opposition-.aspx|title='The govt should give asylum to Turkish opposition figure Gulen,' says Egypt MP|author=Gamal Essam el-Din|publisher=Ahram Online|date=25 July 2016|access-date=2 August 2016|archive-date=2020-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401110929/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/234917/Egypt/Politics-/The-govt-should-give-asylum-to-Turkish-opposition-.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahrous argues that not only has Erdoğan accused Gülen of plotting the failed coup, Erdoğan has also used this allegation as an excuse to engage in mass purges against public institutions allegedly loyal to Gülen. "(Simultaneously), Erdogan has decided to turn Turkey-Egypt relations into a media battleground, with Turkish intelligence providing funds for several Muslim Brotherhood TV channels that target Egypt". Mahrous stated that his advice to Gülen is to not wait until his extradition, but instead leave the US and obtain permanent asylum in Egypt. Former Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]] granted asylum to Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] after arriving the Egypt from the US, regardless of all the threats that were issued by Iran's ayatollahs during the [[Iranian Revolution]].<ref name=GulenAsylum /> == Relations in early 2020 == Early in 2020, the Egyptian military practices military drills in the Middle East as a show of force to Turkey according to Xinhuanet News. "It's (the military exercises) a message to the Turkish side to realize the capabilities of Egyptian army on battle ground," said Tariq Fahmy, a professor of international relations at Cairo University. In addition, The Egyptian naval forces conducted a muckle-scale amphibious exercise in the Mediterranean Sea amid escalating tensions in the region after Turkey's parliament agreed to send military troops to Libya aimed at shoring up the UN-recognized government in Tripoli. Egypt's naval forces conducted activities in the Mediterranean Sea aimed at imposing maritime control on the country's economic zone and securing vital targets in deep water, according to a statement by the armed forces. The Egyptian naval forces conducted a muckle-scale amphibious exercise in the Mediterranean Sea amid escalating tensions in the region after Turkey's parliament agreed to send military troops to Libya aimed at shoring up the UN-recognized government in Tripoli. ==Diplomacy== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ;Republic o Egypt *[[Ankara]] (Embassy) *[[Istanbul]] (Consulate-General) {{col-2}} ;Republic o Turkey *[[Cairo]] (Embassy) *[[Alexandria]] (Consulate-General) {{col-end}} ==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}} *{{Citation |last=J. Zürcher |first=Erik |title=Turkey: A Modern History, Revised Edition |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|location=London |year=2004 |isbn=9781850433996}} *{{Citation |last1=Rubin |first1=Barry |last2=Kirisci |first2=Kemal |title=Turkey in World Politics: An Emerging Multiregional Power |publisher=[[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]|location=Boulder, Colorado |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-55587-954-9}} *{{Citation |last=Dawisha |first=Adeed |title=Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|location=Princeton |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-691-10273-3}} {{Refend}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/06/c_138683088.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209203512/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/06/c_138683088.htm |date=2020-02-09 }} * [http://www.egyptturkey.com/disclaimer.html Egyptian embassy in Ankara] * [http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-egypt.en.mfa Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Egypt] * [http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/turkey/ankara/embassy/en-GB/ Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Turkey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127034026/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/turkey/ankara/embassy/en-GB/ |date=2008-11-27 }} * [http://www.strategicoutlook.org/2011/09/new-era-in-the-egyptian-turkish-relations/ New Era in the Egyptian – Turkish Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128103851/http://www.strategicoutlook.org/2011/09/new-era-in-the-egyptian-turkish-relations/ |date=2011-11-28 }} [[Category:Egyp–Turkey relations]] 1y4odj3a9ksj0da73kbpec5l03j85bz 0 221478 923080 906926 2026-09-23T09:14:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{National football association | Logo = | Founded = 1992 | FIFA affiliation = 1992 | Region = [[UEFA]] | Region affiliation = 1993 | President = Rövnəq Abdullayev | Coach = }} The '''Fitbaw Federation o Azerbaijan (AFFA)''' ({{lang-az|Azərbaycan Futbol Federasiyaları Assosiasiyası (AFFA)}}) is the governin body o [[fitbaw]] in [[Azerbaijan]]. It organizes the fitbaw league, [[Azerbaijani Premier League]], an the [[Azerbaijan Naitional Fitbaw Team]]. It is basit in [[Baku]]. == Fremmit Airtins== * [http://www.affa.az Football Federation of Azerbaijan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321115738/http://affa.az/ |date=2008-03-21 }} {{az icon}} {{en icon}} {{ru icon}} * [http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=aze/index.html Azerbaijan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120050128/https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=aze/index.html |date=2018-11-20 }} at FIFA steid * [http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=AZE/index.html Azerbaijan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208165222/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/association=AZE/index.html |date=2010-02-08 }} at UEFA steid [[Category:UEFA member associations|Azerbaijan]] [[Category:Fitbaw govrenin bouks in Azerbaijan| ]] [[Category:Sports govrenin bouks in Azerbaijan|Fitbaw]] [[Category:Fitbaw in Azerbaijan]] [[Category:Futsal in Azerbaijan]] [[category:1992 establishments in Azerbaijan]] eoualj1foaa5plcer7d6edem1onm84z 0 222029 923030 856635 2026-09-23T02:27:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923030 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Azerbaijan men's naitional basketbaw team''' ({{lang-az|Azərbaycan milli baskebol komandası}}) is the naitional [[basketbaw]] team o [[Azerbaijan]]. The team is controllit bi the [[Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation]]. Azerbaijan haes been a [[FIBA]] member syne 1992, althouch thay hae no fieldit a senior naitional team i ony competeetion i ower five years. ==Current roster== At the [[2013 EuroBasket Qualification]]:<ref>[http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/team/p/sid/8721/tid/2559/_/2013_EuroBasket/index.html Azerbaijan | 2013 EuroBasket Qualification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104212551/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/team/p/sid/8721/tid/2559/_/2013_EuroBasket/index.html |date=2019-11-04 }}, ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM. Retrievit 26 October 2016.</ref> ''(last publicizit squad)'' == Competitive record == {| |valign=top width=0%| ===At EuroBasket=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" !colspan=5|[[EuroBasket]] !rowspan=4| !colspan=3|Qualification |- !Year !Poseetion !width=30|{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} !width=30|{{Tooltip|W|Won}} !width=30|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} !width=30|{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} !width=30|{{Tooltip|W|Won}} !width=30|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} |- |{{flagicon|SWE}} [[EuroBasket 2003|2003]]||colspan=4|''Did not qualify'' |6||0||6 |- |{{flagicon|SVN}} [[EuroBasket 2013|2013]]||colspan=4|''Did not qualify'' |8||4||4 |} |valign=top width=0%| ===At the Championship for Small Kintras=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;" !colspan=5|[[FIBA European Championship for Small Kintras|Championship for Small Kintras]] |- !Year !Poseetion !width=30|{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} !width=30|{{Tooltip|W|Won}} !width=30|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} |- |{{flagicon|AND}} [[2004 European Promotion Cup for Men|2004]]||4t||4||2||2 |- |{{flagicon|ALB}} [[FIBA EuroBasket 2006 Diveesion C|2006]]||bgcolor=gowd|{{gold01}}||5||4||1 |- |{{flagicon|SCO}} [[FIBA EuroBasket 2008 Diveesion C|2008]]||bgcolor=gowd|{{gold01}}||5||4||1 |- !colspan=2|Tot!! 14 !! 10 !! 4 |} |} ==Achievements== *[[FIBA European Championship for Small Kintras|Championship for Small Kintras]] :'''Champions''': 2006, 2008 :''Fourth place''': 2004 *[[Basketbaw at the Islamic Solidarity Games]] :'''Champions''': 2005 ==Past rosters== 2012: {| class="wikitable" !bgcolor="#e5e5e5"| Poseetion !! bgcolor="#e5e5e5"| Player !! bgcolor="#e5e5e5"| Current Club |- | Guard || [[Jaycee Carroll]] ||[[Real Madrid Baloncesto|Real Madrid]] |- | Guard || [[Ali Askarov]] ||[[Redeemer University]] |- | Guard || [[Anar Sariyev]] ||[[NTD Devon Baku]] |- | Guard || [[Zaur Pashayev (basketball)|Zaur Pashayev]] ||[[BC Kutaisi 2010]] |- | Forrit || [[Tahir Bakhshiyev]] ||[[NTD Devon Baku]] |- | Forrit || [[Rasim Başak]] ||[[Türk Telekom B.K.|Türk Telekom]] |- | Center || [[Amil Hamzayev]] ||[[Gala BC Baku]] |- | Center || [[Alexandr Rindin]] ||[[PBC Ural Great|Ural Great-2 Perm]] |- | Guard || [[Zaur Gushanov]] ||[[Gala BC Baku]] |- | Forrit|| [[Nik Caner-Medley]] ||[[BC Astana|Astana]] |- | Guard || [[Konstantin Berkov]] ||[[Gala BC Baku]] |- | Guard || [[Orhan Aydın]] ||[[Uşak Sportif]] |} Coach: [[Samit Nuruzade]] ==Further readin== * [[Azerbaijan weemen's naitional basketbaw team]] * [[Azerbaijan Basketbaw League]] * [[Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== *[http://basketball.az/ Official website] {{in lang|az}} *[http://www.fiba.basketball/federation/Azerbaijan Azerbaijan] at FIBA site {{in lang|en}} *[http://www.eurobasket.com/Azerbaijan/basketball-National-Team.asp Azerbaijan Naitional Team - Men] at Eurobasket.com {{in lang|en}} [[Category:Azerbaijan naitional basketbaw team]] [[Category:1992 establishments in Azerbaijan]] {{Stub}} sohr35dhg185m4fq0ew44tzal4kkk35 0 224506 923025 904454 2026-09-23T01:42:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Antz | image = | caption = Theatrical release poster | border = yes | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Eric Darnell]] * [[Tim Johnson (film director)|Tim Johnson]] }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Brad Lewis]] * [[Aron Warner]] * Patty Wooton }} | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Todd Alcott]] * [[Chris Weitz]] * [[Paul Weitz (filmmaker)|Paul Weitz]] }} | story = | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Woody Allen]] * [[Dan Aykroyd]] * [[Anne Bancroft]] * [[Jane Curtin]] * [[Danny Glover]] * [[Gene Hackman]] * [[Jennifer Lopez]] * [[John Mahoney]] * [[Paul Mazursky]] * [[Grant Shaud]] * [[Sylvester Stallone]] * [[Sharon Stone]] * [[Christopher Walken]]}} | music = {{Plainlist| * [[Harry Gregson-Williams]] * [[John Powell]] }} | editing = Stan Webb | studio = {{Plainlist| * [[DreamWorks Pictures]]<ref name="AFIAntz">{{cite web|title=Antz|url=http://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/60633|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=December 26, 2016}}</ref> * [[DreamWorks Animation]]<ref name="AntzNumbers">{{cite web |title=Antz |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Antz#tab=summary |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |accessdate=June 14, 2019}}</ref> * [[Pacific Data Images]]<ref>{{cite web|title=D’Works, PDI trumpet ‘Tusker’|url=https://variety.com/1998/film/news/d-works-pdi-trumpet-tusker-1117489121/|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=January 8, 2018}}</ref> }} | distributor = DreamWorks Pictures<ref name="AFIAntz"/> | released = {{Film date|1998|9|19|[[Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|1998|10|2|United States}} | runtime = 83 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=Antz|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/antz-1970-1|publisher=British Board of Film Classification|accessdate=August 23, 2015|quote=Approved Running time 83m 7s|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232205/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/antz-1970-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | budget = $42–105 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=antz.htm|title=Antz (1998) - Box Office Mojo|website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinematicfrontier.wordpress.com/2013/08/23/antz-a-bugs-life/|title=‘Antz’ & ‘A Bug’s Life’|first1=le0pard13 |last1=August 23|first2=2013 at 10:03 am |last2=Reply|date=August 23, 2013|publisher=}}</ref> | gross = $171.8 million }} '''Antz''' is a 1998 American computer animatit film directit bi Eric Darnell an Tim Johnson (thair furst times as featur directors) frae a screenplay bi Todd Alcott, Chris Weitz an Paul Weitz. The film haes the vyces o [[Woody Allen]], [[Sharon Stone]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Christopher Walken]], [[Dan Aykroyd]], [[Anne Bancroft]], [[Danny Glover]] an [[Gene Hackman]]. Some o the main chairacters hae alike faces tae the actors wha vyced thaim.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dvd.ciao.co.uk/Antz_DVD__Review_5030989 |title=Antz DVD – Review – Just a big kid |work=ciao! |date=January 30, 2001 |accessdate=July 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714030815/http://dvd.ciao.co.uk/Antz_DVD__Review_5030989 |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714030815/http://dvd.ciao.co.uk/Antz_DVD__Review_5030989 |date=2015-07-14 }}</ref> '''Antz''' wis the furst film frae [[DreamWorks Animations]], an the seicont featur-lenth computer animatit efter [[Toy Story]] (1995). == References == <references/> == Freemit airtins == * {{IMDb title|0120587}} [[Category:1998 films]] [[Category:American animatit films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid films]] {{Stub/Fillum}} 1bxvdigmz3dbmuprv8s947btsw7nyl4 0 225317 923083 810133 2026-09-23T09:38:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{relatit|Free Presbyterian Kirk o Scotland}} {{Infobox Christian denomination|name=Free Presbyterian Kirk o Ulster|separated_from=Presbyterian Kirk in Airlan|congregations={{plainlist| * 61 <small>(Norlan Airlan)</small><ref>{{cite web |title = Church List |url = http://www.freepresbyterian.org/churches/ |publisher = Presbyterian Church of Ulster |accessdate = 20 February 2013 }}</ref> * 22 <small>(elsewhaur)</small><ref name="churchfinder" />}}|members=15,000|area=[[Unitit Kinrick]] (maistlins [[Norlin Airlan|Norlan Airlan]])<ref>[http://www.freepresbyterian.org/churches/ www.freepresbyterian.org/churches/]</ref>|associations=Whitefield College o the Bible|separations=Free Presbyterian Kirk o North America|leader/moderator=Gordon Dane|founded_place=[[Crossgar]], [[Norlin Airlan|Norlan Airlan]]|founded_date=17 March 1951|founder=[[Ian Paisley]]|polity=[[Presbyterian]]|orientation=[[Fundamentalism|Fundamentalist]] [[Calvinist|Calvinism]]|main_classification=[[Protestant]]|caption=|imagewidth=120px|website={{URL|http://www.freepresbyterian.org/}}}}'''The Free Presbyterian Kirk o Ulster''' is a Christian denomination foundit bi Ian Paisley in 1951.{{NoteTag|As weil as foundin the Free Presbyterian Kirk, Paisley forby foundit the [[Democratic Unionist Party]], awtho the Kirk isna officially linked, an DUP politicians arena necessarily Kirk members.}} Doctrinally, the Kirk descrieves itssel as fundamentalist, evangelical, an separatist.  Maist o its members bide in [[Norlin Airlan|Norlan Airlan]], whaur the Kirk is heidquarterit, an in [[Coontie Dunnygal]].  The Kirk haes additional congregations in the [[Republic o Ireland|Republic o Airlan]], Great Bretane an Australie,<ref name="churchfinder">{{Cite web|url=http://www.freepres.org/churchlist.asp?loc=world|title=Free Presbyterian Church Information Page|publisher=Free Presbyterian Church|access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref> an a sister denomination in North America that haes congregations in Canada an the Unitit States.  It forby haes a sister denomination in Nepal whilk wes formit fae the Nepal mission tae the Unreachit in November 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hebronfpc.org/_assets/Nepal%20mag%20LO%20RES.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-11 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126073819/http://hebronfpc.org/_assets/Nepal%20mag%20LO%20RES.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> The moderator o the General Assemlie o the kirk the nou is Rev. Gordon Dane, minister o the foundin kirk in Crossgar.  John Armstrong is moderator-depute the nou. == Foondins == The Free Presbyterian Kirk o Ulster began on 17 Mairch 1951 ([[Saunt Petherick's Day|St. Petherick's Day]]) as the affcome o a stramash atween antrin members o the local Lissara Presbyterian<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lissara.com/|title=What's New - Lissara Presbyterian Church|date=|publisher=Lissara.com|access-date=2011-02-20}}</ref> congregation in Crossgar, [[Coontie Doun|Countie Doun]], [[Norlin Airlan|Norlan Airlan]], an the Doun Presbytery o the [[Presbyterian Kirk in Ireland|Presbyterian Kirk in Airlan]]. At a meetin on 8 Januar 1951, the Doun Presbytery baurt the elders o the local congregation fae usin the kirk hall fur a gospel mission.  When twa elders refusit tae accept the Presbytery decision, thay war immediately suspendit.  As a affcome o thir dis-greeance wi the Presbytery, five o the seven session members, aw the Sunday Scuil teachers, an 60 members o the kirk-fowk withdrew fae the Doun Presbytery an the Presbyterian Kirk in Airlan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freepres.org/about.asp|title=Free Presbyterian Church - About us|date=|publisher=Freepres.org|access-date=2011-02-20}}</ref> == Notes == <references group="note"/> == References == ; Citations {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.freepresbyterian.org/ Official website] [[Category:Presbyterian denominations in Scotland]] [[Category:Ulster Scots leid]] dxdy68jm5nzey9wfagrl9cp08zdvujy 0 230147 923031 922269 2026-09-23T03:22:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923031 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[discografie]] o [[Basshunter]], a Swadish sangster, record producer an DJ, consists o five [[album|studio albums]], twa compilation albums, [[single (muisic)|singles]], an [[muisic video]]s. == Studio albums == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Leet o studio albums, wi selectit chart poseetions and details, certifications an sales figures ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:8em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:17em;"| Album details ! scope="col" colspan="10" | Peak chairt poseetions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:13.5em;"| [[Leet o muisic recordin certifications|Certifications]] ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:9.5em;"| Sales |- ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br /><ref name="Sweden">{{cite web | url = https://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter in Swedish charts | website = swedishcharts.com | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="Austria">{{cite web | url = https://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter in der Österreichischen Hitparade | website = austriancharts.at | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = de}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Hitlisten|DEN]]<br /><ref name="Denmark">{{cite web | url = https://danishcharts.dk/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter in Danish charts | website = danishcharts.dk | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[European Top 100 Albums|EUR]]<br /><ref name="EUR">Studio albums poseetions on European Albums: * ''LOL'' an ''Bass Generation'': {{cite web | url = https://www.billboard.com/artist/280774/basshunter/chart?f=293 | title = Basshunter | website = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | accessdate = 20 November 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2015-07-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150704131253/http://www.billboard.com/artist/280774/basshunter/chart?f=293 | url-status = dead }} * ''Now You're Gone – The Album'': {{cite web | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/03/chart-enw-euro-albums-idUSN0251384320081103 | title = European Top Albums | website = [[Reuters]] | date = 2 November 2008 | accessdate = 20 November 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135817/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/03/chart-enw-euro-albums-idUSN0251384320081103 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[The Official Finnish Charts|FIN]]<br /><ref name="Finland">{{cite web | url = https://finnishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter in Finnish charts | website = finnishcharts.com | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br /><ref name="France">Studio albums poseetions in France: * ''LOL'' an ''Now You're Gone – The Album'': {{cite web | url = https://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter dans les charts français | website = lescharts.com | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = fr}} * ''Bass Generation'': {{cite web | url = https://www.infodisc.fr/Album_ChartRuns.php | title = Les "charts runs" de chaque album classé | format = "Basshunter" – "Ok" |website = InfoDisc | accessdate = 23 October 2018 | language = fr}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Irish Albums Chart|IRL]]<br /><ref name="Ireland">{{cite web | url = http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Discography Basshunter | website = irish-charts.com | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-10-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191009173627/http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | url-status = dead}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br /><ref name="Norway">{{cite web | url = https://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter in Norwegian charts | website = norwegiancharts.com | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZL]]<br /><ref name="New Zealand">{{cite web | url = https://charts.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter in New Zealand charts | website = charts.nz | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name="UK">{{cite web | url = https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/3667/basshunter | title = Basshunter | website = [[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]] | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[The Bassmachine]]'' | * Released: 25 August 2004<ref name="The Bassmachine">{{cite web | url = https://www.alexmusic.se/releases.htm | title = Releases | accessdate = 17 August 2014 | website = Alex Music | language = en | archive-date = 2013-12-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220024325/http://www.alexmusic.se/releases.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> * Label: Alex Music * Format: [[Compact disc|CD]], [[music download|digital download]] | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | |- ! scope="row"| ''[[LOL (Basshunter album)|LOL]]'' | * Released: 28 August 2006<ref name="LOL release">{{cite web | url = https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/lol--mr0000723642 | title = Basshunter – LOL <(^^,)> – (CD – WEA / WEA/Warner #5101156482) | accessdate = 11 October 2018 | website = [[AllMusic]] | language = en}}</ref> * Label: [[Warner Music Sweden]] * Format: CD, digital download | 5 || 12 || 3 || 82 || 4 || 51 || — || 19 || — || — | * [[IFPI Danmark|IFPI DEN]]: 2× Platinum<ref name="IFPI Denmark Sales">{{cite web | url = http://www.ifpi.dk/node/3893 | title = 2018—50 | website = [[IFPI Danmark]] | accessdate = 18 November 2018 | language = da}}</ref> * [[Musiikkituottajat|IFPI FIN]]: Platinum<ref name="IFPI Findland Sales">{{cite web | url = https://www.ifpi.fi/tutkimukset-ja-tilastot/kulta-ja-platinalevyt/artistit/basshunter | title = Basshunter | website = [[Musiikkituottajat|IFPI Finland]] | accessdate = 19 September 2019 | language = fi | archive-date = 2019-06-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190629215220/https://www.ifpi.fi/tutkimukset-ja-tilastot/kulta-ja-platinalevyt/artistit/basshunter | url-status = dead}}</ref> | * FIN: 33,365<ref name="IFPI Findland Sales" /> * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]: 11,020<ref name="IFPI France Sales">{{cite web | url = https://www.infodisc.fr/Ventes_Album08.php | title = Les albums (CD) les plus vendus en 2008 | website = InfoDisc | accessdate = 26 Mey 2013 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090414082136/http://www.infodisc.fr/Ventes_Album08.php | archivedate = 14 Apryle 2009 | language = fr }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414082136/http://www.infodisc.fr/Ventes_Album08.php |date=2009-04-14}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Now You're Gone – The Album]]'' | * Released: 14 Julie 2008<ref name="Now You're Gone – The Album release">{{cite web | url = http://www.digitalspy.com/music/album-reviews/review/a111323/basshunter-now-youre-gone | title = Basshunter: 'Now You're Gone' | date = 15 Julie 2008 | accessdate = 14 October 2018 | author = Alex Fletcher | website = [[Digital Spy]] | language = en}}</ref> * Label: [[Dance Nation|Hard2Beat]] * Format: CD, CD+[[DVD]], digital download | 38 || 17 || — || 6 || 35 || 36 || 2 || — || 1 || 1 | * [[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]]: Platinum<ref name="Basshunter BPI NYG Album">{{cite web | url = https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/9361-2716-2 | title = Basshunter – Now You're Gone - The Album | website = [[British Phonographic Industry]] | accessdate = 12 September 2020 | language = en}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: Gowd<ref name="IFPI Denmark Now You're Gone – The Album Gold">{{cite web | url = http://ifpi.dk/node/10604 | title = Basshunter "Now You're Gone - The Album" | website = [[IFPI Danmark]] | access-date = 1 October 2021 | language = da | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210928092737/http://ifpi.dk/node/10604 | archive-date = 28 September 2021 | url-status = live}}</ref> * [[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]]: 2× Platinum<ref name="Now You're Gone The Album NZL">{{cite web | url = https://www.radioscope.co.nz/2024/00/00/album-cert-search | title = Album Certification Search | website = RadioScope | access-date = 28 December 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241216171356/https://www.radioscope.co.nz/2024/00/00/album-cert-search |archive-date = 16 December 2024 | url-status = dead}}</ref> | * UK: 376,017<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/25-years-of-mos-in-numbers-what-is-sony-actually-getting-for-its-money/065643 | title = 25 years of MoS in numbers: What is Sony actually getting for its money? | website = [[Music Week]] | accessdate = 29 Julie 2018 | date = 11 August 2016 | author = Daniel Gumble | language = en}}</ref> * NZL: 20,000<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10597691 | title = It's a Swede life for Basshunter | website = [[The New Zealand Herald|NZ Herald]] | accessdate = 28 August 2014 | date = 17 September 2009 | author = Scott Kara | language = en | archive-date = 2014-10-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141011100721/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10597691 | url-status = dead }}</ref> * FRA: 9,900<ref name="IFPI France Sales" /> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Bass Generation]]'' | * Released: 25 September 2009<ref name="Bass Generation release">{{cite web | url = https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Basshunter&titel=Bass+Generation&cat=a | title = Basshunter – Bass Generation (album) | website = swedishcharts.com | accessdate = 16 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> * Label: Warner Music Sweden * Format: CD, 2×CD, digital download | — || — || 39 || 58 || — || 41 || 16 || — || 2 || 16 | * BPI: Gowd<ref name="Basshunter BPI Bass Generation">{{cite web | url = https://certified-awards.bpi.co.uk/format/3/artist/2205/title/13209 | title = Basshunter – Bass Generation | website = [[British Phonographic Industry]] | access-date = 14 Januar 2026 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220722135557/https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/9360-2716-2 | archive-date = 22 Julie 2022 | url-status = live}}</ref> | * UK: 15,046<ref name="Bass Generation United Kingdom sales">{{cite web | url = https://www.musicweek.com/news/read/paramore-and-cruz-top-the-charts/040911 | title = Paramore and Cruz top the charts | website = [[Music Week]] | date = 5 October 2009 | access-date = 13 Januar 2026 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150712124223/https://www.musicweek.com/news/read/paramore-and-cruz-top-the-charts/040911 | archive-date = 12 Julie 2015 | url-status = live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Calling Time]]'' | * Released: 13 Mey 2013<ref name="Calling Time">{{cite web | url = https://echosrecordbar.co.za/product/74815 | title = Basshunter – Calling Time {{bracket|CD}} | accessdate = 11 October 2018 | website = Echo's Record Bar | language = en}}</ref> * Label: [[Gallo Record Company]] * Format: CD, digital download | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | |- |colspan="18" style="font-size:9pt"| "—" denotes a recording that didna chart or wisna released in that territory. |} === Compilation albums === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Leet o compilation albums, wi selectit details ! scope="col" style="width:8em;"| Title ! scope="col" style="width:17em;"| Album details |- !scope="row"|''[[The Old Shit]]'' | * Released: 2006<ref name="The Old Shit">Release of ''The Old Shit'': * {{cite web | url = http://www.basshunter.se:80/shop | title = Basshunter | website = Basshunter | accessdate = 9 October 2018 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080322063557/http://www.basshunter.se/shop | archivedate = 22 Mairch 2008 | language = en }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080322063557/http://www.basshunter.se/shop |date=2008-03-22 }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.basshunter.se/basshunter.htm | title = Welcome to a new experience! | website = Basshunter | accessdate = 27 Mairch 2019 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061107194447/http://www.basshunter.se/basshunter.htm | archivedate = 2006-11-07 | format = requires [[Adobe Flash Player]] software | language = en | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | url = http://basshunter.se | title = Boten Anna | website = Basshunter | accessdate = 27 Mairch 2019 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060708071333/http://basshunter.se/ | archivedate = 8 Julie 2006 | language = en }}</ref> * Label: [[Self-publishing|Self-released]] * Format: Digital download |- !scope="row"|''[[The Early Bedroom Sessions]]'' | * Released: 3 December 2012<ref name="TEBS">{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/nl/album/the-early-bedroom-sessions/578081407 | title = Basshunter – The Early Bedroom Sessions | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190922144024/https://music.apple.com/nl/album/the-early-bedroom-sessions/578081407 | url-status = dead }}</ref> * Label: Rush Hour * Format: 2×[[Compact disc|CD]], [[music download|digital download]] |} === Singles === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Leet o singles as lead airtist, wi selectit chart poseetions, certifications an album name ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:18em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Peak chairt poseetions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:13.5em;"| Certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:9em;"| Album |- ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br /><ref name="Sweden" /> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="Austria" /> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Hitlisten|DEN]]<br /><ref name="Denmark" /> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[The Official Finnish Charts|FIN]]<br /><ref name="Finland" /> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[GfK Entertainment charts|GER]]<br /><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Basshunter | title = Discographie von – Basshunter | website = Offizielle Deutsche Charts | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = de | archive-date = 2019-03-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190327121628/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Basshunter | url-status = dead }}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Irish Singles Chart|IRL]]<br /><ref name="Ireland" /> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Single Top 100|NLD]]<br /><ref>{{cite web | url = https://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Basshunter | title = Basshunter in Dutch charts | website = dutchcharts.nl | accessdate = 18 October 2018 | language = nl}}</ref> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br /><ref name="Norway" /> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZL]]<br /><ref name="New Zealand" /> ! style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name="UK" /> |- ! scope="row"| "The Big Show"<ref>{{cite AV media notes | title = The Big Show | others = [[Basshunter]] | year = 2004 | publisher = [[Self-publishing|Self-released]] | type = | id =}}</ref> | 2004 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | ''[[The Bassmachine]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Welcome to Rainbow]]"<ref>{{cite AV media notes | title = Welcome to Rainbow | others = [[Basshunter]] | year = 2006 | publisher = [[Self-publishing|Self-released]]}}</ref> |rowspan="5"|2006 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[Boten Anna]]" | 1 || 2 || 1 || 4 || 9 || — || 2 || 3 || — || — | * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI SWE]]: Platinum<ref name="BA SWE">{{cite web | url = https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/41?dspy=2006&dspp=31 | title = Veckolista Singlar, vecka 31, 2006 | website = [[Sverigetopplistan]] | accessdate = 22 October 2020 | language = sv}}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI AUT]]: Gowd<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ifpi.at/auszeichnungen/?fwp_interpret=Basshunter | title = Gold & platin | website = [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI Austria]] | accessdate = 26 Mairch 2019 | language = de | archive-date = 2020-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200419222607/https://ifpi.at/auszeichnungen/?fwp_interpret=Basshunter | url-status = dead }}</ref> * [[IFPI Danmark|IFPI DEN]]: 3× Platinum<ref name="Basshunter DEN">{{cite web | url = https://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-novemberdecemberjanuar | title = Guld og platin november / december / januar | website = [[IFPI Danmark]] | accessdate = 29 August 2014 | date = 19 Februar 2007 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150130131616/http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content%2Fguld-og-platin-novemberdecemberjanuar | archivedate = 2015-01-30 | language = da }}</ref> | rowspan="4"| ''[[LOL (Basshunter album)|LOL]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA]]" | 6 || 18 || 7 || 2 || 33 || 49 || 9 || 7 || — || — | * IFPI DEN: Gowd<ref name="Basshunter DEN" /> |- ! scope="row"| "[[Jingle Bells]]" | 13 || — || — || — || — || — || 31 || 9 || — || 35 | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Vifta med händerna]]"<br /><small>(vs. Patrik & Lillen)</small> | 25 || — || — || 7 || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA|DotA]]" | rowspan="2"| 2007 | — || — || — || — || 30 || — || — || — || — || — | * IFPI DEN: Gowd<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ifpi.dk/node/16570 | title = Basshunter "DotA" | website = [[IFPI Danmark]] | access-date = 13 Februar 2026 | language = da | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20260213151509/https://ifpi.dk/node/16570 | archive-date = 13 Februar 2026 | url-status = live}}</ref> | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[Now You're Gone]]"<br /><small>(feat. [[Mental Theo|DJ Mental Theo's Bazzheadz]])</small> | 2 || 14 || 14 || 8 || 18 || 1 || — || 10 || 3 || 1 | * [[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]]: 2× Platinum<ref name="Basshunter BPI NYG">{{cite web | url = https://certified-awards.bpi.co.uk/format/2/artist/2206/title/15026 | title = Basshunter Ft Dj Mental Theo – Now You're Gone | website = [[British Phonographic Industry]] | access-date = 14 Januar 2026 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20260110193948/https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/9362-2717-1 | archive-date = 10 Januar 2026 | url-status = live}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: Gowd<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ifpi.dk/node/13576 | title = Basshunter feat. DJ Mental Theo's Bazzheadz "Now You´re Gone" | website = [[IFPI Danmark]] | access-date = 15 Mairch 2024 | language = da | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240227153300/http://ifpi.dk/node/13576 | archive-date = 27 Februar 2024 | url-status = live }}</ref> * [[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]]: Platinum<ref name="Basshunter NZL">{{cite web | url = http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=61 | title = Latest gold / Platinum singles | website = RadioScope | accessdate = 29 August 2014 | language = en | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110831040527/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=61 | archivedate = 31 August 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110824195845/www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=61 |date=2011-08-24 }}</ref> | rowspan="7"| ''[[Now You're Gone – The Album]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Please Don't Go]]" | rowspan="5"| 2008 | 6 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[All I Ever Wanted]]" | 58 || 15 || — || — || 35 || 1 || — || 3 || 17 || 2 | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="Basshunter BPI All I Ever Wanted">{{cite web | url = https://certified-awards.bpi.co.uk/format/2/artist/2205/title/372 | title = Basshunter – All I Ever Wanted | website = [[British Phonographic Industry]] | access-date = 14 Januar 2026 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220722135630/https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/381-2716-1 | archive-date = 22 Julie 2022 | url-status = live}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: Gowd<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ifpi.dk/node/14232 | title = Basshunter "All I Ever Wanted" | website = [[IFPI Danmark]] | access-date = 16 August 2024 | language = da | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240806201901/http://ifpi.dk/node/14232 | archive-date = 6 August 2024 | url-status = live}}</ref> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Basshunter RMNZ All I Ever Wanted">{{cite web | url = https://www.radioscope.co.nz/2024/00/00/single-cert-search | title = Single Certification Search | website = RadioScope | access-date = 28 December 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241213211417/https://www.radioscope.co.nz/2024/00/00/single-cert-search |archive-date = 13 December 2024 | url-status = dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "[[Angel in the Night]]" | 50 || — || — || — || — || 10 || — || — || — || 14 | * BPI: Siller<ref name="Basshunter BPI Angel in the Night">{{cite web | url = https://certified-awards.bpi.co.uk/format/2/artist/2205/title/13441 | title = Basshunter – Angel in the Night | website = [[British Phonographic Industry]] | access-date = 14 Januar 2026 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220503031027/https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/18021-2716-1 | archive-date = 3 Mey 2022 | url-status = live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Russia Privjet (Hardlanger Remix)"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/se/album/russia-privjet-hardlanger/id292491548 | title = Basshunter – Russia Privjet (Hardlanger Remix) – Single | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 4 Apryle 2020 | language = sv}}</ref> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[I Miss You]]" | 45 || — || — || — || 70 || — || — || — || — || 32 | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Walk on Water]]" | rowspan="4"| 2009 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 76 | |- ! scope="row"| "Al final"<br /><small>(feat. Dani Mata)</small><ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/es/album/al-final-spanish-version-feat-dani-mata-single/314824673 | title = Basshunter – Al Final (Spanish Version) {{bracket|feat. Dani Mata}} – Single | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = es}}</ref> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "[[Every Morning]]" | 13 || — || — || — || 76 || 17 || — || — || 14 || 17 | | rowspan="2"| ''[[Bass Generation]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[I Promised Myself]]" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 94 | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Saturday]]" | 2010 | — || — || — || — || — || 37 || — || — || 14 || 21 | * RMNZ: Gowd<ref name="Basshunter NZL" /> | rowspan="6"| ''[[Calling Time]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Fest i hela huset]]"<br /><small>(vs. ''[[Big Brother]]'')</small> | 2011 | 5 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Northern Light (song)|Northern Light]]"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/se/album/northern-light-remixes/540906905 | title = Basshunter – Northern Light (Remixes) | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = sv}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| 2012 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Dream on the Dancefloor]]"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/gb/album/dream-on-the-dancefloor-remixes-ep/578991924 | title = Basshunter – Dream on the Dancefloor (Remixes) – EP | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190922144025/https://music.apple.com/gb/album/dream-on-the-dancefloor-remixes-ep/578991924 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Crash & Burn]]"<ref name="Crash & Burn">{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/ru/album/crash-burn-remixes-ep/663917542 | title = Basshunter – Crash & Burn (Remixes) – EP | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = ru}}</ref> | rowspan="3"| 2013 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Calling Time"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/at/album/calling-time-ep/952455453 | title = Calling Time – EP | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = de | archive-date = 2019-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190922190505/https://music.apple.com/at/album/calling-time-ep/952455453 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Elinor"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/se/album/elinor-single/736146270 | title = Basshunter – Elinor – Single | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = sv | archive-date = 2019-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190922144102/https://music.apple.com/se/album/elinor-single/736146270 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="7" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row"| "Masterpiece"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/se/album/masterpiece-single/1438645764 | title = Masterpiece – Single | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 22 September 2019 | language = sv}}</ref> | 2018 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Home"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.junodownload.com/products/basshunter-home/4287983-02 | title = Basshunter – Home | website = [[Juno Records|Juno Download]] | accessdate = 21 September 2019 | language = en | archive-date = 2019-09-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190921174051/https://www.junodownload.com/products/basshunter-home/4287983-02/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> | 2019 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Angels Ain't Listening"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/gb/album/angles-aint-listening-single/1512971087 | title = Angles Ain't Listening – Single | website = [[Apple Music]] | accessdate = 29 Mey 2020 | language = en}}</ref> | 2020 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Life Speaks to Me"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/se/album/life-speaks-to-me-single/1596452343 | title = Life Speaks to Me - Single | website = [[Apple Music]] | access-date = 19 November 2021 | language = sv}}</ref> | 2021 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "End the Lies"<br />{{Small|(& Alien Cut)}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://music.apple.com/se/album/end-the-lies-single/1641155909 | title = End the Lies - Single | access-date = 2 September 2022 | website = [[Apple Music]] | language = sv}}</ref> | 2022 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Boten Anna|Ingen kan slå (Boten Anna)]]"<br />{{Small|([[Victor Leksell]])}} | 2023 | 4 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Ja eller nej"<br />{{Small|(x [[Käärijä]])}} | 2026 | — || — || — || 12 || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- |colspan="14" style="font-size:9pt"| "—" denotes a recording that didna chart or wisna released in that country. |} === Muisic videos === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Leet o muisic videos as lead airtist an directors !width="230"|Title !Year !Director(s) !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- !scope="row"|"[[Boten Anna]]" |rowspan="3"|2006 |[[Carl-Johan Westregård]]<br />Kim Parrot |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://vimeo.com/2069270 | title = Basshunter – Boten Anna | publisher = [[Vimeo]] | date = 26 October 2008 | accessdate = 28 August 2014 | author = [[Carl-Johan Westregård]] | id = Official Carl-Johan Westregård [https://vimeo.com/seji Vimeo channel] linked from [http://handbagstudios.com official Handbag Studios website] | language = en}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA]]" |[[Carl-Johan Westregård]]<br />Kim Parrot |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://vimeo.com/11558965 | title = Basshunter – Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA | publisher = [[Vimeo]] | date = 7 Mey 2010 | accessdate = 28 August 2014 | author = [[Carl-Johan Westregård]] | id = Official Carl-Johan Westregård [https://vimeo.com/seji Vimeo channel] linked from [http://handbagstudios.com official Handbag Studios website] | language = en}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Vifta med händerna]]" |rowspan="2" {{N/A|Unknown}} |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-VQdqbyFpw | title = Vifta med händerna (official video) | publisher = [[YouTube]] | author = [[Basshunter]] | date = 13 Mey 2015 | accessdate = 17 October 2018}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA|DotA]]" |rowspan="2"|2007 |<ref name="DotA">{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3iesdoplHtU | title = Basshunter "DotA" (German version) | publisher = [[YouTube]] | date = 24 Juin 2014 | accessdate = 24 Juin 2014 | id = Official Luna Square [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIey-g8AI-gRTytXVRSRVuQ/about YouTube channel] linked from [http://lunasquare.se official website] | language = en}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Now You're Gone]]" |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.vg.no/rampelys/musikk/i/XKj67/aylar-video-sett-av-100-millioner | title = Aylar-video sett av 100 millioner | publisher = [[Verdens Gang|VG]] | date = 10 Februar 2011 | accessdate = 1 Mairch 2020 | author = Atle Jørstad Wergeland | language = no}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[All I Ever Wanted]]" |rowspan="3"|2008 |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.promonews.tv/videos/2008/05/13/production-update-who-shot-what-who%E2%80%99s-shooting-what%E2%80%A6-part-one | title = Production update: Who shot what, who’s shooting what… (part one) | publisher = Promonews | date = 13 Mey 2008 | accessdate = 29 August 2014 | author = David Knight | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131219224024/http://www.promonews.tv/videos/2008/05/13/production-update-who-shot-what-who%E2%80%99s-shooting-what%E2%80%A6-part-one | archivedate = 19 December 2013 | language = en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219224024/http://www.promonews.tv/videos/2008/05/13/production-update-who-shot-what-who%E2%80%99s-shooting-what%E2%80%A6-part-one |date=2013-12-19 }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Angel in the Night]]" |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.seher.no/kjendis/aylar-sett-46-millioner-ganger/64835346 | title = Aylar sett 46 millioner ganger! | publisher = [[Verdens Gang|VG]] | date = 18 August 2008 | accessdate = 2 Mairch 2020 | author = Arve Vassbotten | language = no}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[I Miss You]]" |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://730.no/video-aylar-feirer-svensk-jul | title = Video: Aylar feirer svensk jul | publisher = 730.no | date = 5 November 2008 | accessdate = 2 Mairch 2020 | language = no}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Walk on Water]]" |rowspan="3"|2009 |{{N/A|Unknown}} |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4bbXvfxr6A | title = Basshunter – Walk on Water (official UK version out now) | publisher = [[YouTube]] | date = 27 Februar 2009 | accessdate = 17 October 2018 | language = en}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Every Morning]]" |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref name="Every Morning mv">{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmRkngAWgAM | title = Basshunter – Every Morning (Behind the Scenes) | publisher = [[YouTube]] | date = 25 September 2009 | accessdate = 16 October 2018 | time = 2:29–2:34 | language = en}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[I Promised Myself#Basshunter version|I Promised Myself]]" |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://730.no/aylars-svenske-eventyr-naermer-seg-slutten | title = Aylars svenske eventyr nærmer seg slutten | publisher = 730.no | date = 19 October 2009 | accessdate = 2 Mairch 2020 | language = no}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Saturday]]" |2010 |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mtv.com/videos/basshunter/552338/saturday.jhtml | title = basshunter — saturday | publisher = [[MTV]] | date = 10 August 2010 | accessdate = 11 November 2014 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110310001018/http://www.mtv.com/videos/basshunter/552338/saturday.jhtml | archivedate=10 Mairch 2011 | language = en}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Northern Light]]" |rowspan="2"|2012 |[[Alex Herron]] |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://730.no/nordlyset-aylar-i-ny-fasong/ | title = Nordlyset Aylar i ny fasong | publisher = 730.no | date = 12 Mey 2012 | accessdate = 2 Mairch 2020 | language = no}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Dream on the Dancefloor]]" |Gareth Evans |<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.radarmusicvideos.com/director/13226-gareth-evans-crispy-duck-productions-#.VGG6lMmt-YU | title = Gareth Evans (Crispy Duck Productions) | publisher = [[Radar Music Videos|Radar Music Creatives]] | accessdate = 11 November 2014 | archive = | language = en | archive-date = 2013-07-14 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130714200323/http://www.radarmusicvideos.com/director/13226-gareth-evans-crispy-duck-productions-#.VGG6lMmt-YU | url-status = dead }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Crash & Burn (Basshunter song)|Crash & Burn]]" |rowspan="2"|2013 |Farzad Bayat |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hximIHeUIyw | title = Basshunter – Crash & Burn (official video) | publisher = [[YouTube]] | date = 31 Julie 2013 | accessdate = 11 November 2014 | language = en}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|"[[Calling Time (song)|Calling Time]]" |Gareth Evans |<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fB4G3kwtrvI | title = Basshunter – Calling Time (official video) | publisher = [[YouTube]] | date = 6 August 2013 | accessdate = 11 November 2014 | language = en}}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{Official website|https://basshunter.se}} [[Category:Discografies o Swadish airtists]] 6fd5kbbeuv6fonlp9f301pmt0jh6gcr 0 230649 923077 880697 2026-09-23T08:55:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short descreeption}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Red Bull Salzburg | image = RB Salzburg logo.jpg | upright = | alt = Club badge | current = 2022–23 FC Red Bull Salzburg saison | fullname = ''Football Club Red Bull Salzburg'' | nickname = ''Die Roten Bullen'' (The Red Bulls) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1933|9|13}} as ''SV Austria Salzburg'' | ground = [[Red Bull Arena (Salzburg)|Red Bull Arena]], [[Wals-Siezenheim]] | capacity = 30,188 | owner = [[Red Bull GmbH]] | chairman = Harald Lürzer | mgrtitle = Heid coach | manager = [[Matthias Jaissle]] | league = [[Austrian Football Bundesliga|Austrian Bundesliga]] | season = [[2021–22 Austrian Football Bundesliga|2021–22]] | position = Austrian Bundesliga, 1st of 12 (champions) | website = https://www.redbullsalzburg.at/ | pattern_la1 = _rbs2223h | pattern_b1 = _rbs2223H | pattern_ra1 = _rbs2223h | pattern_sh1 = | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _nikestrike3ngr | pattern_b2 = _rbs2223A | pattern_ra2 = _nikestrike3ngr | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = 000055 | body2 = 000055 | rightarm2 = 000055 | shorts2 = 000055 | socks2 = 000055 | pattern_la3 = _rbs2223t | pattern_b3 = _rbs2223t | pattern_ra3 = _rbs2223t | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = CCCDC8 | body3 = CCCDC8 | rightarm3 = CCCDC8 | shorts3 = CCCDC8 | socks3 = CCCDC8 | pattern_name3 =Europe }} '''FC Red Bull Salzburg''' ({{IPA-de|ɐ̯r biː Sal̩zbœɐ̯rg}}), foreby '''RB Salzburg''', is a Austrick fitba club based in [[Wals-Siezeheim|Wals-Siezeheim, Soizbuag]], thit competes in the [[Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|Austrick Bundesliga]]. Syne 2003, they hae played at the [[Red Bull Arena (Salzburg)|Red Bull Arena]]. Thair name in UEFA competeetions is '''FC Salzburg''', and thair kits are different, due tae UEFA's sponsorship restrictions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Salzburg|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/teams/50030--salzburg/|url-status=dead|access-date=10 April 2021|website=Uefa.com|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812003123/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/teams/50030--salzburg/}}</ref> It wis formerly kent as '''SV Austrick Salzburg''', an haed monie sponsored names. Efter, it wis purchased bi [[Red Bull GmbH]] in 2005, wha renamed it a shifted its colours frae violet a white tae white an reid. Angry fans made a new club, [[SV Austrick Salzburg]]. The club wis foondit in 1933, but won its first [[Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] honour aw the wye in 1994. They forbye wur in the [[1994 UEFA Cup final]], in whilk they loast tae [[FC Internazionale Milano]] 0–2. == Honours == ''<small>Ilka RB Salzburg honour syne 1933</small>'' '''[[Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|Austrick Bundesliga]]''' * '''Champions (16):''' [[1993–94 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|1993–94]]*, [[1994–95 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|1994–95]]*, [[1996–97 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|1996–97]]*, [[2006–07 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2006–07]], [[2008–09 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2009–10]], [[2011–12 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2011–12]], [[2013–14 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2013–14]], [[2014–15 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2018–19]], [[2019–20 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2019–20]], [[2020–21 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2020–21]], [[2021–22 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2021–22]] * Rinners-up (4): [[2005–06 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2005–06]], [[2007–08 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2007–08]], [[2010–11 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 Austrick Fitba Bundesliga|2012–13]] '''[[Austrick Cup]]''' * '''Winners (9):''' [[2011–12 Austrick Cup|2011–12]], [[2013–14 Austrick Cup|2013–14]], [[2014–15 Austrick Cup|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Austrick Cup|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Austrick Cup|2016–17]], [[2018–19 Austrick Cup|2018–19]], [[2019–20 Austrick Cup|2019–20]], [[2020–21 Austrick Cup|2020–21]], [[2021–22 Austrick Cup|2021–22]] * Rinners-up (5): [[Austrick Cup#Finals|1973–74]]*, [[Austrian Cup#Finals|1979–80]]*, [[Austrick Cup#Finals|1980–81]]*, [[1999–2000 Austrick Cup|1999–2000]]*, [[2017–18 Austrick Cup|2017–18]] '''[[Austrick Supercup]]''' * '''Winners:''' [[Austrick Supercup#Winners o Austrick Supercup|1994]]*, [[Austrick Supercup#Winners o Austrick Supercup|1995]]*, [[Austrick Supercup#Winners o Austrick Supercup|1997]]* '''[[Austrick Football First League|Austrian First League]]''' * '''Winners:''' 1977–78*, 1986–87* '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]''' * Rinners-up: [[1994 UEFA Cup Final|1993–94]]* '''[[UEFA Youth League]]''' * '''Winners:''' [[2016–17 UEFA Youth League|2016–17]] * Rinners-up: [[2021–22 UEFA Youth League|2021–22]] ''<small><nowiki>*</nowiki> as SV Austrick Salzburg</small>'' == Players == {{updated|27 January 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=https://www.redbullsalzburg.at/en/squad|publisher=FC Red Bull Salzburg|access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|nat=BEL|pos=DF|name=[[Ignace Van Der Brempt]]|no=2}} {{Fs player|nat=SWI|pos=DF|name=[[Bryan Okoh]]|no=3}} {{Fs player|nat=CMR|pos=DF|name=[[Jérôme Onguéné]]|no=5|other={{small|on loan from [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]}}}} {{Fs player|nat=AUT|pos=DF|name=[[Samson Baidoo]]|no=6}} {{Fs player|nat=ARG|pos=MF|name=[[Nicolás Capaldo]]|no=7}} {{Fs player|nat=AUT|pos=MF|name=[[Dijon Kameri]]|no=8}} {{Fs player|nat=AUT|pos=FW|name=[[Junior Adamu]]|no=9}} {{Fs player|nat=BRA|pos=FW|name=[[Fernando (footballer, born March 1999)|Fernando]]|no=11}} {{Fs player|nat=AUT|pos=MF|name=[[Nicolas Seiwald]]|no=13}} {{Fs player|nat=DEN|pos=MF|name=[[Maurits Kjærgaard]]|no=14}} {{Fs player|nat=AUT|pos=DF|name=[[Andreas Ulmer]]|other=[[Capitain (association football)|capitain]]|no=17}} {{Fs player|nat=SWI|pos=GK|name=[[Philipp Köhn]]|no=18}} {{Fs player|nat=MLI|pos=FW|name=[[Sékou Koïta]]|no=20}} {{Fs player|nat=CRO|pos=MF|name=[[Luka Sučić]]|no=21}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|nat=FRA|pos=DF|name=[[Oumar Solet]]|no=22}} {{Fs player|nat=FRA|pos=MF|name=[[Lucas Gourna-Douath]]|no=27}} {{Fs player|nat=SLO|pos=FW|name=[[Benjamin Šeško]]|no=30}} {{Fs player|nat=SER|pos=DF|name=[[Strahinja Pavlović]]|no=31}} {{Fs player|nat=GER|pos=GK|name=[[Alexander Walke]]|no=33}} {{Fs player|nat=AUT|pos=MF|name=[[Justin Omoregie]]|no=36}} {{Fs player|nat=ISR|pos=MF|name=[[Oscar Gloukh]]|no=37}} {{Fs player|nat=MLI|pos=DF|name=[[Daouda Guindo]]|no=38}} {{Fs player|nat=CZE|pos=GK|name=[[Adam Stejskal]]|no=40}} {{Fs player|nat=NGR|pos=MF|name=[[Samson Tijani]]|no=44}} {{Fs player|nat=BIH|pos=DF|name=[[Amar Dedić]]|no=70}} {{Fs player|nat=SUI|pos=FW|name=[[Noah Okafor]]|no=77}} {{Fs player|nat=BRA|pos=DF|name=[[Bernardo (footballer, born 1995)|Bernardo]]|no=95}} {{Fs end}} === Oot oan loan === {{updated|17 January 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=https://www.redbullsalzburg.at/en/fc-red-bull-salzburg/team/bullenherde/leihspieler|publisher=FC Red Bull Salzburg|access-date=6 March 2019}}</ref> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=GER|pos=GK|name=[[Nico Mantl]]|other=at {{flagicon|DEN}} [[AaB Fodbold|AaB]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=GER|pos=DF|name=[[Kilian Ludewig]]|other=at {{flagicon|DEN}} [[AaB Fodbold|AaB]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=POL|pos=DF|name=[[Kamil Piątkowski]]|other=at {{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=GHA|pos=MF|name=[[Lawrence Agyekum]]|other=at {{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Liefering]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=FRA|pos=MF|name=[[Antoine Bernède]]|other=at {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Lausanne-Sport|Lausanne-Sport]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=MLI|pos=MF|name=[[Mamady Diambou]]|other=at {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Luzern|Luzern]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=MLI|pos=MF|name=[[Mamadou Sangare]]|other=at {{flagicon|AUT}} [[TSV Hartberg]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=MLI|pos=FW|name=[[Nene Dorgeles]]|other=at {{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.V.C. Westerlo|Westerlo]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=CIV|pos=FW|name=[[Karim Konaté]]|other=at {{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Liefering]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs player|no=|nat=CRO|pos=FW|name=[[Roko Šimić]]|other=at {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Zürich|Zürich]] until 30 Juin 2023}} {{Fs end}} == FC Liefering == Syne 2012, [[FC Liefering]] frae the [[2. Liga (Austrick)|2. Liga]] haes bin a [[farm team]] for RB Salzburg.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 October 2013|title=FC Liefering Homepage|url=https://ecrbs.redbulls.com/soccer/salzburg/de/fc-liefering.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015102229/http://redbulls.com/soccer/salzburg/de/fc-liefering.html|archive-date=18 March 2017}}</ref> == Managers == {{div col|colwidth=35em|small=yes}} * {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} K. Bauer (1933–1939) * {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Wache (1945) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Anton Janda]] (1946–1947) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Ernst Schönfeld (1952) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Max Breitenfelder (1953) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Karl Sesta]] (1954–55) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Josef Graf (1955) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Gyula Szomoray (1956–57) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Günter Praschak|Günter Praschak]] (1957) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Franz Feldinger|Franz Feldinger]] (1958) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Karl Humenberger]] (1959) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Erich Probst]] (1959–60) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Karl Vetter (1960–61) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Ignac Molnár (1962–63) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Günter Praschak|Günter Praschak]] (1965–69) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Karl Schlechta (Fußballspieler)|Karl Schlechta]] (1969–71) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Erich Hof|Erich Hof]] (1 Julie 1971 – 31 December 1971) * {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[:de:Michael Pfeiffer|Michael Pfeiffer]] (1972) * {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} [[Josip Šikić]] (1972–73) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Günter Praschak|Günter Praschak]] (1973–75) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Alfred Günthner (1975) * {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans Reich]] (1976) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Günter Praschak|Günter Praschak]] (1977) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Alfred Günthner (1977–80) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Rudolf Strittich]] (1980) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[August Starek]] (5 October 1980 – 30 Juin 1981) * {{flagicon|Austria}} Joszef Obert (1 Julie 1981 – 11 Mey 1984) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Hannes Winklbauer]] (13 Mey 1984 – 2 November 1985) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[:de:Adolf Blutsch|Adolf Blutsch]] (6 November 1985 – 30 Juin 1986) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Hannes Winklbauer]] (1 Julie 1986 – 16 Apryle 1988) * {{flagicon|Germany}} Kurt Wiebach (18 Apryle 1988 – 30 Juin 1991) * {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Otto Barić]] (11 Julie 1991 – 29 August 1995) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Hermann Stessl]] (29 August 1995 – 2 Mairch 1996) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Heribert Weber]] (7 Mairch 1996 – 31 Mairch 1998) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Hans Krankl]] (2 Apryle 1998 – 9 Januar 2000) * {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia}} [[Miroslav Polak]] (10 Januar 2000 – 30 Juin 2000) * {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Hans Backe]] (1 Julie 2000 – 10 September 2001) * {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Lars Søndergaard]] (11 September 2001 – 29 October 2003) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[:de:Peter Assion (Fußballtrainer)|Peter Assion]] ''(int.)'' (1 November 2003 – 31 December 2003) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Walter Hörmann]] ''(int.)'' (1 Januar 2004 – 15 Mairch 2004) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[:de:Peter Assion (Fußballtrainer)|Peter Assion]] (16 Mairch 2004 – 31 Mairch 2005) * {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Nikola Jurčević]] (7 Mairch 2005 – 18 Apryle 2005) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Manfred Linzmaier]] ''(int.)'' (18 Apryle 2005 – 30 Juin 2005) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Kurt Jara]] (1 Julie 2005 – 31 Mey 2006) * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giovanni Trapattoni]] (1 Juin 2006 – 30 Apryle 2008) * {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Co Adriaanse]] (1 Julie 2008 – 15 Juin 2009) * {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Huub Stevens]] (15 Juin 2009 – 8 Apryle 2011) * {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Ricardo Moniz]] (8 Apryle 2011 – 12 Juin 2012) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Roger Schmidt (football manager)|Roger Schmidt]] (1 Julie 2012 – 31 Mey 2014) * {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Adi Hütter]] (1 Juin 2014 – 15 Juin 2015) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Peter Zeidler]] (22 Juin 2015 – 3 December 2015) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Thomas Letsch]] ''(int.)'' (3 December 2015 – 28 December 2015) * {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Óscar García Junyent|Óscar García]] (28 December 2015 – 15 Juin 2017) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Marco Rose]] (23 Juin 2017 – 20 Juin 2019) * {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jesse Marsch]] (20 Juin 2019 – 30 Juin 2021) * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Matthias Jaissle]] (1 Julie 2021 – ) {{div col end}} == See foreby == *[[RB Leipzig]] == Referances == <references /> == Ither airts == * [https://www.redbullsalzburg.at/ Club wabsteid in Austrick German] {{FC Red Bull Salzburg}} {{Austrick Bundesliga teamlist}} [[Category:FC Red Bull Salzburg]] [[Category:1933 establishments in Austrick]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1933]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Austrick]] [[Category:Red Bull sports teams]] 49mq7x8o0mt68qxytzu4g3hd54blqyd 0 232870 922996 922467 2026-09-22T14:53:23Z Pranjitkalita98 137488 Minor correction 922996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | bgcolour = lightgray | name = Zubeen Garg | image = File:Zubin Garg Live performance (cropped).jpg | caption = Zubeen Garg performin live, 2025 | image_size = 300px | birth_date = {{Birth date|1972|11|18}} | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Zubeen Borthakur | alias = {{hlist|Goldie|Heartthrob o Assam|Voice o the Luit|Humming King|Zubeen Da}} | birth_place = Tura, Meghalaya, Indie | death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|09|19|1972|11|18}} | death_place = Singapore General Hospital, Bukit Merah, Central [[Singapore]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Singer Zubeen Garg dee'd in Singapore while swimmin, no durin scuba divin: report|website=The Hindu|date=2 Oct 2025|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/singer-zubeen-garg-died-in-singapore-while-swimming-not-during-scuba-diving-report/article70117336.ece/|access-date=5 Oct 2025}}</ref> | genre = {{hlist|Assamese fowk sang|Rock muisic|Bihu sangs|Film sangs|Modren Assamese muisic|Indie fowk muisic}} | occupation = {{hlist|Sangster|Playback singer|Muisic director|Componer|Leericist|Actor|Director|Producer|Poet|Social wirker}} | instrument = {{hlist|Keybuird|Guitar|Tabla|Mandolin|Drum|Percussion}} | nationality = Indie | ethnicity = [[Assamese]] | label = {{hlist|N.K. Productions|Sony Muisic|Magnasound|Universal Muisic Group|Times Muisic|T-Series|Zee Muisic|Saregama|Apon Records}} | years_active = 1992–2025 | spouse = Garima Saikia Garg }} '''Zubeen Garg''' (born '''Zubeen Borthakur'''; 18 November 1972 – 19 September 2025) wis an Assamese sangster, muisic director, composer, lyricist, actor, producer, an social wirkker fae [[Assam]], [[Indie]]. He sang in mair nor fowerty leids, includin [[Assamese leid|Assamese]], [[Hindi leid|Hindi]], [[Bengali leid|Bengali]], [[Nepali leid|Nepali]], Bodo, Bhojpuri, [[Tamil leid|Tamil]], Telugu, Kannada, an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]. Garg debutit wi the album ''Anamika'' in 1992, whilk gied him fame athort the Northeast o Indie.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://onlinesivasagar.com/music/zubeen-garg.html| title=About Zubeen Garg| publisher=onlinesivasagar.com via internet archive| accessdate=19 January 2013| archive-date=2009-06-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607014040/http://onlinesivasagar.com/music/zubeen-garg.html| url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> In 2005, he wan the Best Muisic Director award for the Bengali film ''Shudhu Tumi''. His sang "Ya Ali" frae the film ''Gangster'' (2006) brocht him naitional acclaim, earnin him the GIFA an Stardust Awards for Best Playback Singer (Male). He received the National Film Award for Best Muisic Direction for the bilingual film ''Echoes of Silence'' (English–Khasi). Garg wis kent as ane o Assam's maist popular an weel-payed sangsters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2017|title=Barred frae singin in Hindi, Assam singer leaves Bihu stage|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/guwahati/zubeen-garg-noonmati-bihu-sanmilan-stopped-from-singing-hindi-song-assam-top-singer-quits-bihu-stage-with-an-abuse-4614435/|access-date=19 December 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Ower his career, Garg sang aboot 40,000 sangs in mair nor 40 leids, an wis a muckle influence in the Assamese muisic scene.{{efn|Credited to multiple sources which claim he recorded over 38,000 or 40,000 songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zubeen Garg: The Song That Stayed Home |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/opinion/story/zubeen-garg-the-song-that-stayed-home-1283507-2025-09-27 |website=India Today NE |access-date=29 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands of fans bid adieu to Zubeen at Guwahati stadium |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-zubeen-gargs-body-arrives-at-guwahati-airport-thousands-gather-to-get-last-glimpse/article70076293.ece |access-date=23 September 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 September 2025 |language=en-IN |archive-date=21 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921172437/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-zubeen-gargs-body-arrives-at-guwahati-airport-thousands-gather-to-get-last-glimpse/article70076293.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Deb |first1=Abhijit |title=From 'Anamika' to 'Ya Ali': Zubeen Garg, a man of many emotions, bids farewell |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/from-anamika-to-ya-ali-zubeen-garg-a-man-of-many-emotions-bids-farewell-1503488612.html |access-date=23 September 2025 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title='After singing 35,000 songs, I don't need to take the Best Singer award' |date=13 March 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJWoPZknc0w |access-date=13 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313173241/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJWoPZknc0w |url-status=live }}</ref>}} He dee'd in Singapore on 19 September 2025, aged 52. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:Assam]] 6ln2buwa27751rf0t9b8bi8um81a83g 922998 922996 2026-09-22T22:56:17Z Atlantic306 30244 notelist added 922998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | bgcolour = lightgray | name = Zubeen Garg | image = File:Zubin Garg Live performance (cropped).jpg | caption = Zubeen Garg performin live, 2025 | image_size = 300px | birth_date = {{Birth date|1972|11|18}} | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Zubeen Borthakur | alias = {{hlist|Goldie|Heartthrob o Assam|Voice o the Luit|Humming King|Zubeen Da}} | birth_place = Tura, Meghalaya, Indie | death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|09|19|1972|11|18}} | death_place = Singapore General Hospital, Bukit Merah, Central [[Singapore]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Singer Zubeen Garg dee'd in Singapore while swimmin, no durin scuba divin: report|website=The Hindu|date=2 Oct 2025|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/singer-zubeen-garg-died-in-singapore-while-swimming-not-during-scuba-diving-report/article70117336.ece/|access-date=5 Oct 2025}}</ref> | genre = {{hlist|Assamese fowk sang|Rock muisic|Bihu sangs|Film sangs|Modren Assamese muisic|Indie fowk muisic}} | occupation = {{hlist|Sangster|Playback singer|Muisic director|Componer|Leericist|Actor|Director|Producer|Poet|Social wirker}} | instrument = {{hlist|Keybuird|Guitar|Tabla|Mandolin|Drum|Percussion}} | nationality = Indie | ethnicity = [[Assamese]] | label = {{hlist|N.K. Productions|Sony Muisic|Magnasound|Universal Muisic Group|Times Muisic|T-Series|Zee Muisic|Saregama|Apon Records}} | years_active = 1992–2025 | spouse = Garima Saikia Garg }} '''Zubeen Garg''' (born '''Zubeen Borthakur'''; 18 November 1972 – 19 September 2025) wis an Assamese sangster, muisic director, composer, lyricist, actor, producer, an social wirkker fae [[Assam]], [[Indie]]. He sang in mair nor fowerty leids, includin [[Assamese leid|Assamese]], [[Hindi leid|Hindi]], [[Bengali leid|Bengali]], [[Nepali leid|Nepali]], Bodo, Bhojpuri, [[Tamil leid|Tamil]], Telugu, Kannada, an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]. Garg debutit wi the album ''Anamika'' in 1992, whilk gied him fame athort the Northeast o Indie.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://onlinesivasagar.com/music/zubeen-garg.html| title=About Zubeen Garg| publisher=onlinesivasagar.com via internet archive| accessdate=19 January 2013| archive-date=2009-06-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607014040/http://onlinesivasagar.com/music/zubeen-garg.html| url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> In 2005, he wan the Best Muisic Director award for the Bengali film ''Shudhu Tumi''. His sang "Ya Ali" frae the film ''Gangster'' (2006) brocht him naitional acclaim, earnin him the GIFA an Stardust Awards for Best Playback Singer (Male). He received the National Film Award for Best Muisic Direction for the bilingual film ''Echoes of Silence'' (English–Khasi). Garg wis kent as ane o Assam's maist popular an weel-payed sangsters.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2017|title=Barred frae singin in Hindi, Assam singer leaves Bihu stage|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/guwahati/zubeen-garg-noonmati-bihu-sanmilan-stopped-from-singing-hindi-song-assam-top-singer-quits-bihu-stage-with-an-abuse-4614435/|access-date=19 December 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Ower his career, Garg sang aboot 40,000 sangs in mair nor 40 leids, an wis a muckle influence in the Assamese muisic scene.{{efn|Credited to multiple sources which claim he recorded over 38,000 or 40,000 songs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zubeen Garg: The Song That Stayed Home |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/opinion/story/zubeen-garg-the-song-that-stayed-home-1283507-2025-09-27 |website=India Today NE |access-date=29 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands of fans bid adieu to Zubeen at Guwahati stadium |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-zubeen-gargs-body-arrives-at-guwahati-airport-thousands-gather-to-get-last-glimpse/article70076293.ece |access-date=23 September 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 September 2025 |language=en-IN |archive-date=21 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921172437/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-zubeen-gargs-body-arrives-at-guwahati-airport-thousands-gather-to-get-last-glimpse/article70076293.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Deb |first1=Abhijit |title=From 'Anamika' to 'Ya Ali': Zubeen Garg, a man of many emotions, bids farewell |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/from-anamika-to-ya-ali-zubeen-garg-a-man-of-many-emotions-bids-farewell-1503488612.html |access-date=23 September 2025 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title='After singing 35,000 songs, I don't need to take the Best Singer award' |date=13 March 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJWoPZknc0w |access-date=13 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313173241/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJWoPZknc0w |url-status=live }}</ref>}} He dee'd in Singapore on 19 September 2025, aged 52. == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:Assam]] 94p6cpo1g6isukyrpsyhnkaw47k9fzh 0 233339 923072 916181 2026-09-23T08:34:52Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Elizabeth Lail | image = Elizabeth_Lail_on_the_sets_of_Once_Upon_A_Time.jpg | caption = Lail as Anna in ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]'' in 2014 | birth_name = Elizabeth Dean Lail | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|3|25}} | birth_place = [[Asheboro, North Carolina]], U.S. | education = [[Varsity o North Carolina Schuil o the Airts]] ([[Bachelor o Fine Airts|BFA]]) | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2011–present | spouse = {{marriage|Nieku Manshadi|2021}} }} '''Elizabeth Dean Lail'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Lail {{!}} TV Guide|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/elizabeth-lail/bio/696281/|access-date=2026-04-19|website=TVGuide.com|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110141918/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/elizabeth-lail/bio/696281/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (born 25 Mairch 1992<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Weinberg|first=Lindsay|date=2021-05-06|title=Beck Is Married! Inside You Star Elizabeth Lail's Wedding Ceremony|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1266626/beck-is-married-inside-you-star-elizabeth-lails-wedding-ceremony|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=E! Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lail|first=Elizabeth|date=2021-03-25|title=Instagram post "Blurry and happy. Thanks for all the birthday wishes"|url=https://www.instagram.com/elizabethlail/p/CM3CF1TJ3AO/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Instagram}}</ref>) is an American actress. She is kent fur portrayin [[Anna (Frozen)|Anna]] in the fantasie series ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]'' (2014), [[Guinevere Beck]] in the thriller series ''[[You (TV series)|You]]'' (2018–2025) an Vanessa Afton in the [[Leet o Five Nights at Freddy's media|''Five Nights at Freddy's'' films]] (2023–2025). Lail haes kythed in the horror series ''[[Dead of Summer (TV series)|Dead of Summer]]'' (2016), the [[Gossip Girl (2021 TV series)|''Gossip Girl'' spin-aff]] (2021), an the drama series ''[[Ordinary Joe]]'' (2021–2022) an ''[[Elsbeth (TV series)|Elsbeth]]'' (2024–2025). She forby starned in the horror film ''[[Countdown (2019 film)|Countdown]]'' (2019) an the comedy film ''[[Mack & Rita]]'' (2022). == Early life == Lail wis born in [[Asheboro, North Carolina]]. She becam interestit in actin at age 14, efter pleyin a smaa role in a commonity theatre production o ''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (muisical)|Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]''.<ref name=":1" /> Efter graduatin frae [[Asheboro Heich Schuil]] in 2010, she attendit the [[Varsity o North Carolina Schuil o the Airts]], graduatin wi a B.F.A. degree in Drama in Mey 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-07-01|title=Asheboro native cast as Anna in ABC’s ‘Once Upon a Time’|language=en-US|work=FOX8 WGHP|url=https://myfox8.com/news/asheboro-native-cast-as-anna-in-abcs-once-upon-a-time/|access-date=2026-04-19}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Lail uses UNCSA training to adapt to a variety of starring roles|url=https://www.uncsa.edu/drama/alumni/elizabeth-lail.aspx|access-date=2026-04-19|website=www.uncsa.edu|language=en}}</ref> == Career == Lail maistly wirkit in student short film productions, sic as ''Model Airplane'' an ''Without'', whiles in varsity frae 2011 tae 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mason|first=Aiden|date=2020-01-03|title=10 Things You Didn’t Know About Elizabeth Lail|url=https://tvovermind.com/elizabeth-lail/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=TVovermind|language=en-US}}</ref> She haed flittit tae [[New York Ceety]] tae pursue stage wirk whan she laundit an audeetion fur [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC's]] ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]'', efter whilk she wis cast as [[Anna (Frozen)|Anna]] in the fowert saison o the series, lowsed in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johns|first=Nikara|date=2014-07-01|title=‘Once Upon a Time’ Casts ‘Frozen’ Characters Anna and Kristoff|url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/once-upon-a-time-casts-frozen-characters-anna-and-kristoff-1201256582/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mitovich|first=Matt Webb|date=2014-07-01|title=Once Upon A Time Casts Two Frozen Characters For Season 4|url=https://www.tvline.com/casting-news/once-upon-a-time-scott-michael-foster-kristoff-elizabeth-lail-anna-cast-season-4-528523/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[TVLine]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Lail wis cast in a starnin role in the 2016 [[Freeform (TV chainel)|Freeform]] horror series ''[[Dead of Summer (TV series)|Dead of Summer]]'', pleyin the role o camp coonselor Amy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wagmeister|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-02-10|title=‘Once Upon a Time’ Alums Elizabeth Mitchell & Elizabeth Lail Cast in Freeform’s ‘Dead of Summer’|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/dead-of-summer-casting-elizabeth-mitchell-elizabeth-lail-freeform-1201701827/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=June 28|first=Alex McLevy {{!}}|last2=2016 {{!}} 2:24pm|title=Dead Of Summer’s cartoonish hackwork puts the “camp” in “summer-camp horror”|url=https://www.avclub.com/dead-of-summer-s-cartoonish-hackwork-puts-the-camp-in-1798188438|access-date=2026-04-19|website=AV Club|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, Lail wis cast as Guinevere Beck in the [[Lifetime (TV chainel)|Lifetime]]/[[Netflix]] telly series ''[[You (TV series)|You]]'', wi [[Penn Badgley]] an [[Shay Mitchell]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Nellie Andreeva,Denise|date=2017-07-27|title=‘You’: Elizabeth Lail To Star In Greg Berlanti Lifetime Drama Series, Two Others Cast|url=https://deadline.com/2017/07/you-elizabeth-lail-star-greg-berlanti-lifetime-drama-series-1202137632/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Lowsed in 2018,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lifetime announces fall premiere date for 'YOU' starring Penn Badgley|language=en|work=EW.com|url=https://ew.com/tv/2018/03/15/lifetime-you-premiere-date/|access-date=2026-04-19}}</ref> she received a nomination fur [[Saturn Awaird fur Best Actress in a Streamin Telly Series|Best Actress in Streamin Presentation]] at the [[45t Saturn Awairds]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Nellie Andreeva,Denise|date=2017-07-27|title=‘You’: Elizabeth Lail To Star In Greg Berlanti Lifetime Drama Series, Two Others Cast|url=https://deadline.com/2017/07/you-elizabeth-lail-star-greg-berlanti-lifetime-drama-series-1202137632/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mancuso|first=Vinnie|date=2019-07-16|title=Saturn Awards 2019 Nominations Led by Avengers: Endgame|url=https://collider.com/saturn-awards-nominations-2019/|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Collider|language=en}}</ref> Lail reprised her role as Guinevere Beck in guest appearances on the seicont, fowert, an fift saisons o ''You''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Lail Chats About Starring In The Horror Movie, "Countdown"|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPPe9AB02mA|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Davids|first=Brian|date=2019-11-02|title=‘Countdown’ Star Elizabeth Lail on ‘You’ Success and Auditioning for ‘Supergirl’|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/countdown-elizabeth-lail-you-her-supergirl-audition-1251813/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Oddo|first=Marco Vito|date=2023-03-09|title='You' Season 4 Episode 9 Recap: Only One Way to Deal with Monsters|url=https://collider.com/you-season-4-episode-9-recap-shes-not-there/|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Collider|language=en}}</ref> Lail pleyed the lead, Quinn Harris, in the 2019 horror film ''[[Countdown (2019 film)|Countdown]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crucchiola|first=Jordan|date=2019-03-15|title=You Star Elizabeth Lail Will Remain in Danger for the Horror Movie Countdown|url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/03/you-elizabeth-lail-horror-movie-countdown.html|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Vulture|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=2019-03-15|title=‘You’ Star Elizabeth Lail to Lead STX Horror Film ‘Countdown’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/you-elizabeth-lail-countdown-1203164279/|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mairch 2021, Lail wis set tae pley the title role o Mack in the comedy film ''[[Mack & Rita]]'' wi Diane Keaton; she forby jynt the cast o the [[HBO Max]] teen drama ''[[Gossip Girl (2021 TV series)|Gossip Girl]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Denise Petski,Anthony|date=2021-03-19|title=Elizabeth Lail To Star In Romantic Comedy ‘Mack And Rita’, Joins ‘Gossip Girl’ Reboot|url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/elizabeth-lail-romantic-comedy-mack-and-rita-gossip-girl-reboot-1234718036/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-03-21|title=You actor Elizabeth Lail joins HBO Max's Gossip Girl reboot|language=fp-IN|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/you-actor-elizabeth-lail-joins-hbo-maxs-gossip-girl-reboot-9444621.html|access-date=2026-04-19}}</ref> in the recurrin role o Lola Morgan. The same month, it wis revealed that Lail haed jynt the cast o the NBC drama series ''[[Ordinary Joe]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nemetz|first=Dave|date=2021-03-31|title=NBC Orders Sliding Doors Drama Ordinary Joe — See James Wolk Play A Rock Singer, A Nurse And A Cop|url=https://www.tvline.com/news/ordinary-joe-nbc-series-order-james-wolk-parallel-lives-photos-1234657133/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-04-19|website=[[TVLine]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In Januar 2023, Lail wis cast as Vanessa in the [[Five Nights at Freddy's (film)|film adaptation]] o ''[[Five Nights at Freddy's]]'', whilk premiered in October o that same year tae commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2023-03-22|title=Elizabeth Lail Gets Ready For Blumhouse’s ‘Five Nights At Freddy’s’|url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/five-nights-at-freddys-elizabeth-lail-blumhouse-1235307406/|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2023-10-30|title=‘Five Nights At Freddy’s’ $80M Breaks Mold On Peacock Theatrical Day & Date; Best Opening For Blumhouse, Halloween & More – Monday Box Office Update|url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/box-office-five-nights-at-freddys-1235584788/|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Frae Juin - August 2025, Lail pleyed Eva in ''Not About Nightingales'' at the Williamstown Film Fest. She performed alangside names sic as, William Jackson Harper, Joe Goldammer, Dan Katz, Malik James, Chris Messina, Annie Mcnamara, an mony ithers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Not About Nightingales {{!}} 2025|url=https://www.wtfestival.org/main-events/not-about-nightingales/|access-date=2026-04-19|website=Williamstown Theatre Festival|language=en}}</ref>  It wis her seicont professional theatre production. In late 2025, she starned in the [[Five Nights at Freddy's 2 (film)|film adaptation]] o ''[[Five Nights at Freddy's 2]]'', reprisin her role as Vanessa Afton. == Personal life == In Aprile 2021, Lail marriet [[Pediatric dentistry|pediatric dentist]] Nieku Manshadi at Hasbrouck Hoose in Stone Ridge, New York.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Actress Elizabeth Lail and Partner Nieku Manshadi's Spring Wedding|language=en|work=Brides|url=https://www.brides.com/elizabeth-lail-and-nieku-manshadi-wedding-5183831|access-date=2026-04-19}}</ref> ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 2018 | ''[[Unintended (2018)|Unintended]]'' | Lea | <ref>{{cite web |title=Unintended (film): Trailer |url=https://unintendedfilm.com/home/ |access-date=October 29, 2019 |archive-date=November 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109225824/https://unintendedfilm.com/Home/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2019 | ''[[Countdown (2019 film)|Countdown]]'' | Quinn Harris | |- | 2022 | ''[[Mack & Rita]]'' | Mackenzie "Mack" Martin | <ref name="VarietyInsight">{{cite web |title=Film and TV Projects Going Into Production - Mack & Rita |url=https://www.varietyinsight.com/production_restart_full_view.php?track_id=189274 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319011149/https://www.varietyinsight.com/production_restart_full_view.php?track_id=189274 |archive-date=March 19, 2021 |access-date=March 18, 2021 |website=[[Variety Insight]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2|2023 | ''[[Gonzo Girl]]'' | Devaney Peltier | <ref>{{cite web |title=CASTING 'Gonzo Girl': Ray Nicholson, Elizabeth Lail, Leila George & Rick Springfield Join Patricia Arquette's First Feature |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/gonzo-girl-adds-rick-springfield-ray-nicholson-elizabeth-lail-leila-george-1235094509/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=August 17, 2022 |access-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-date=February 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224113027/https://deadline.com/2022/08/gonzo-girl-adds-rick-springfield-ray-nicholson-elizabeth-lail-leila-george-1235094509/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ''[[Five Nights at Freddy's (film)|Five Nights at Freddy's]]'' | rowspan=2 | Vanessa Afton | <ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Anthony D'Alessandro |date=March 22, 2023 |title=Elizabeth Lail Gets Ready For Blumhouse's 'Five Nights At Freddy's' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/five-nights-at-freddys-elizabeth-lail-blumhouse-1235307406/ |access-date=April 2, 2023 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]] |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322213643/https://deadline.com/2023/03/five-nights-at-freddys-elizabeth-lail-blumhouse-1235307406/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2025 | ''[[Five Nights at Freddy's 2 (film)|Five Nights at Freddy's 2]]'' | <ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|title='Five Nights At Freddy's 2' Poster Unveiled At NYCC|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/five-nights-at-freddys-2-poster-1236120359/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=October 18, 2024}}</ref> |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- | 2014 | ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]'' | [[Anna (Frozen)|Anna]] | Recurrin role (saison 4) |- | 2016 | ''[[Dead of Summer (TV series)|Dead of Summer]]'' | Amy Hughes | Main role<ref>{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Mitchell & Elizabeth Lail Cast In Freeform Horror Series 'Dead Of Summer' |url=https://deadline.com/2016/02/elizabeth-mitchell-elizabeth-lail-dead-of-summer-freeform-horror-series-1201699665/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=February 10, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110185515/https://deadline.com/2016/02/elizabeth-mitchell-elizabeth-lail-dead-of-summer-freeform-horror-series-1201699665/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2017 | ''[[The Blacklist]]'' | Natalie Luca | Episode: "Natalie Luca" |- | 2018 | ''[[The Good Fight]]'' | Emily Chapin | Episode: "Day 478" |- | 2018–2025 | ''[[You (TV series)|You]]'' | [[Guinevere Beck]] | Main role (saison 1); guest role in saison 2, 4, 5 |- | 2021 | ''[[Gossip Girl (2021 TV series)|Gossip Girl]]'' | Lola Morgan | Recurrin role (season 1) |- | 2021–2022 | ''[[Ordinary Joe]]'' | Jenny Banks | Main role |- | 2022 | ''[[Robot Chicken]]'' | Anna | Vyce role; episode: "May Cause Internal Diarrhea" |- | 2024–2025 | ''[[Elsbeth (TV series)|Elsbeth]]'' | Quinn Powers | Recurrin role |} ===Theater=== {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Venue ! Notes |- |2017 |''Nibbler'' |Hayley |[[Rattlestick Playwrights Theater]] |rowspan=2|[[Off-Broadway theatre|Off-Broadway]] |- |2024 |''Pretty Perfect Lives'' |Tiffany |[[The Flea Theater]] |- |2025 |''[[Not About Nightingales]]'' |Eva |[[Williamstown Theatre Fest]] |} ==Awairds an nominations== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- ! Year ! Awaird ! Category ! Wirk ! Result ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | 2019 | [[45t Saturn Awairds|Saturn Awairds]] | [[Saturn Awaird fur Best Actress in a Streamin Telly Series|Best Actress in a Streamin Telly Series]] | ''[[You (TV series)|You]]'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;"| |} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == {{sister project links|d=Q18207144|q=no|c=category:Elizabeth Lail|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{Instagram|elizabethlail}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lail, Elizabeth}} [[Category:1992 births]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae North Carolina]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Asheboro, North Carolina]] [[Category:Actors frae Williamson Coonty, Texas]] [[Category:Varsity o North Carolina Schuil o the Airts alumni]] 513i3bnggn319dhuwatwm67g13h38bk 0 233378 923014 916730 2026-09-23T00:02:05Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = A Star Is Born | image = | caption = Ofeecial poster | director = [[Bradley Cooper]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Bill Gerber]] * [[Jon Peters]] * Bradley Cooper * [[Todd Phillips]] * [[Lynette Howell Taylor]]<ref name="comingsoon">{{cite news|last1=Perry|first1=Spencer|title=First Look at Lady Gaga in A Star is Born Remake|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/838711-first-look-at-lady-gaga-and-bradley-cooper-in-a-star-is-born-remake#/slide/1|access-date=1 Mey 2026|publisher=[[CraveOnline|Comingsoon.net]]|date=17 Aprile 2017|archive-date=17 Aprile 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417202041/http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/838711-first-look-at-lady-gaga-and-bradley-cooper-in-a-star-is-born-remake#/slide/1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Rachel|last=Yang|title='A Star Is Born' Director Bradley Cooper Talks Jon Peters Allegations|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/bradley-cooper-jon-peters-a-star-is-born-1202942307/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=14 September 2018|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009052907/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/bradley-cooper-jon-peters-a-star-is-born-1202942307/|url-status=live}}</ref> }} | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Eric Roth]] * Bradley Cooper * Will Fetters }} | based_on = {{Plainlist| * {{based on|''[[A Star Is Born (1954 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' (1954 screenpley)|[[Moss Hart]]}} * {{based on|''[[A Star Is Born (1976 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' (1976 screenpley)|[[John Gregory Dunne]]|[[Joan Didion]]|[[Frank Pierson]]}} * {{based on|''[[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' (story)|[[William A. Wellman|William Wellman]]|[[Robert Carson (writer)|Robert Carson]]}} }} | starring = {{Plainlist| * Bradley Cooper * [[Lady Gaga]] * [[Andrew Dice Clay]] * [[Dave Chappelle]] * [[Sam Elliott]] }} | cinematography = [[Matthew Libatique]] | editing = [[Jay Cassidy]] | production_companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures]] * [[Live Nation Entertainment|Live Nation Productions]] * Gerber Pictures * Peters Entertainment * Joint Effort<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.film-news.co.uk/news/UK/55498/A-Star-Is-Born-trailer-with-Bradley-Cooper-and-Lady-Gaga|title=A Star Is Born trailer with Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga|date=7 Juin 2018|publisher=Film-news.co.uk|access-date=8 Juin 2018|archive-date=12 Juin 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162125/http://www.film-news.co.uk/news/UK/55498/A-Star-Is-Born-trailer-with-Bradley-Cooper-and-Lady-Gaga|url-status=live}}</ref> }} | distributor = [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]<ref name=warnerbros>{{cite web|url=https://www.warnerbros.com/star-born|title=A Star is Born|publisher=WarnerBros.com|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=30 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035519/https://www.warnerbros.com/star-born|url-status=live}}</ref> | released = {{Film date|2018|8|31|[[75t Venice Internaitional Film Festival|Venice]]|2018|10|5|Unitit States}} | runtime = 136 meenits<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/star-born-film-1|title=A Star Is Born|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=7 Mairch 2019|archive-date=20 Mairch 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320175412/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/star-born-film-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | budget = $36 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-a-star-is-born-created-mans-world-music-1136259|title=How 'A Star Is Born' Re-created the "Man's World" of Music, Coachella Concert Scenes|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Gregg|last=Kilday|date=22 August 2018|access-date=17 September 2018|archive-date=18 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918054312/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-a-star-is-born-created-mans-world-music-1136259|url-status=live}}</ref> | gross = $436.3 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=astarisborn2018.htm|title=A Star Is Born (2018)|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=7 Februar 2020|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026121216/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=astarisborn2018.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''''A Star Is Born''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''A Starn Is Born'') is a 2018 American [[Muisical film|muisical]] [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film an televeesion)|drama]] produced an directit bi [[Bradley Cooper]] (in his directorial debut) wi a screenpley bi Cooper, [[Eric Roth]] an Will Fetters. It starns Cooper an [[Lady Gaga]] in lead roles, wi [[Dave Chappelle]], [[Andrew Dice Clay]] an [[Sam Elliott]] in supportin roles. It follaes an [[Alcoholism|alcoholic]] muisicker (Cooper) wha diskivers an faws in luve wi a yung sangster (Gaga). It is the thrid [[remak]] o the oreeginal [[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|1937 romantic drama]], folloaein the [[A Star Is Born (1954 film)|1954]] an [[A Star Is Born (1976 film)|1976]] films. [[Principal photography]] begound at the [[Coachella|Coachella Valley Muisic an Airts Fest]] in Aprile 2017. ''A Star Is Born'' premiered at the [[75t Venice Internaitional Film Fest]] on 31 August 2018, an wis theatrically lowsed in the Unitit States on 5 October 2018, bi [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]. It emerged as a major creetical an commercial success, grossin ower $436 million warldwide an receivin widespreid creetical acclaim fur Cooper, Gaga, an Elliott's performances an Cooper's direction, as weel as the screenpley, cinematography, an soondtrack. The film received mony accolades, includin aicht nominations fur the [[91st Academy Awairds]], includin [[Academy Awaird fur Best Pictur|Best Pictur]], [[Academy Awaird fur Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Cooper), [[Academy Awaird fur Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Gaga) an [[Academy Awaird fur Best Supportin Actor|Best Supportin Actor]] (Elliott); it wan [[Academy Awaird fur Best Oreeginal Sang|Best Oreeginal Sang]] fur "[[Shallow (Lady Gaga an Bradley Cooper sang)|Shallow]]". It forby earned five nominations at the [[76t Gowden Globes|76t Gowden Globe Awairds]], includin [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Motion Pictur – Drama|Best Motion Pictur – Drama]], an wan [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Oreeginal Sang|Best Oreeginal Sang]] fur "Shallow". The film's [[A Star Is Born (2018 soondtrack)|soondtrack]] received a [[BAFTA Awaird fur Best Oreeginal Muisic|BAFTA Awaird]] an fower [[Grammy Awairds|Grammy Awaird]] wins oot o seiven nominations, includin nominations fur [[Grammy Awaird fur Sang o the Year|Sang o the Year]] twa years in a row. Fur her actin an soondtrack contreibutions on ''A Star Is Born'', Gaga becam the furst wumman in history tae win an [[Academy Awairds|Academy Awaird]], [[Breetish Academy Film Awairds|BAFTA Awaird]], [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awaird]] an [[Grammy Awairds|Grammy Awaird]] in ane single year. == Plot == Fowerty-three-year-auld Jackson "Jack" Maine, a [[country rock]] sangster privately battlin an [[Alcoholism|alcohol]] an [[drog]] [[addiction]], pleys at a concert. His maistly support is Bobby, his manager an aulder hauf-brither. Efter a shaw, Jack gaes oot fur drinks an veesits a [[Gay bar|drag bar]]. Thare, Jack witnesses a homage performance tae [[Édith Piaf]] bi 31-year-auld Ally, wha wirks as a waitress an sangster-sangwriter. He is amazed bi her performance, an thay spend the nicht taukin. Ally collogues her unsuccessfu efforts in pursuin a professional muisic career. Ally skares wi Jack some leerics she haes been wirkin on, he tells her she is a talentit sangwriter an shoud perform her material. Jack invites Ally tae his nixt shaw. In maugre o her initial refusal, she attends an, wi Jack's encouragement, sangs "[[Shallow (Lady Gaga an Bradley Cooper sang)|Shallow]]" on stage wi him. Jack invites Ally tae gae on tour wi him, an thay form a romantic relationship. In [[Arizona]], Ally an Jack gae tae veesit the ranch whaur Jack brocht up an whaur his faither is buriet. Houiver, thay diskiver that Bobby haed selt the laund, that wis convertit intae a [[wind ferm]]. Angered at his betrayal, Jack attacks Bobby, wha subsequently quits as his manager. Afore daein sae, Bobby reveals that he did inform Jack aboot the rowp, bit Jack wis too drunk tae notice. Whiles on tour, Ally meets Rez, a record producer wha offers her a contract. Awthou veesibly baithered, Jack aye supports her decision tae sign wi him. Rez refocuses Ally awey frae country muisic an towards [[Pop muisic|pop]]. Jack misses ane o Ally's performances efter he passes oot drunk in public. Jack rekivers at the hame o his best freend George "Noodles" Stone an later maks up wi Ally. Thare, he proposes tae her wi an impromptu ring mak frae a loop o a guitar string. Thay are marriet that same day at a kirk meenistered bi a kin o Noodles. Durin Ally's performance on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', Bobby reconciles wi Jack. Later, Ally an a drunken Jack fecht ower Ally's growin airtistic success. Jack creeticises Ally's new eemage an muisic, as her success is ootpacin his recent decline in popularity. At the [[Grammy Awairds]], whaur Ally is nominatit in three categories, a veesibly intoxicatit Jack performs a homage tae [[Roy Orbison]]. Later in the forenicht, she wins [[Grammy Awaird fur Best New Airtist|Best New Airtist]]. As Ally is giein her acceptance speech, a aye-inebriated Jack staggers up tae her, whaur he publicly wets himsel an passes oot. Ally's faither, Lorenzo, berates a semi-conscious Jack whiles Ally attempts tae help Jack sober up. Jack jyns a [[Drog rehabilitation|rehabilitation]] programme shortly thareefter. He discloses tae his coonselor that he tree'd tae commit [[suicide]] at age 12 an reveals his progressively warsenin [[tinnitus]]. Jack tearfully apologises tae Ally fur his behaviour. Whiles returnin hame, Jack admits tae Bobby that it wis he whom he idolised an nae thair faither. Ally asks Rez tae brin Jack on her European tour, bit Rez refuses, promptin Ally tae cancel the remainder o the tour tae care fur Jack. Rez confronts Jack an accuses him o nearly ruinin Ally's career, statin that Jack will certainly relapse again, an that it is "embarrassin" she is marriet tae him. That forenicht, Ally lies tae Jack an tells him that her record label haes canceled her tour sae she can focus on her seicont album. Jack promises he will come tae her concert that nicht, bit efter Ally leaves, he hangs himsel in thair garage. Grief-stricken an inconsolable efter Jack's suicide, Ally is veesitit bi Bobby, wha tells her that the suicide wis Jack's awn chyce. The closin scenes reveal a flashback o Jack wirkin on a sang aboot his luve fur Ally, that he niver finished writin. Ally performs this sang as a homage tae Jack, introducin hersel fur the furst time as Ally Maine. == Cast == * [[Bradley Cooper]] as Jackson "Jack" Maine, an established sangster-sangwriter, strugglin wi alcoholism. He is Ally's mentor. * [[Lady Gaga]] as Ally Maine, a sangster-sangwriter wha is diskivert bi Jack. * [[Andrew Dice Clay]] as Lorenzo, Ally's faither. * [[Dave Chappelle]] as George "Noodles" Stone, a retired muisicker an Jack's best freend. * [[Sam Elliott]] as Bobby Maine, Jack's aulder hauf-brither an manager. * [[Rafi Gavron]] as Rez Gavron, a muisic producer an Ally's manager. * [[Anthony Ramos]] as Ramon, Ally's freend. * [[Drena De Niro]] as Paulette Stone, Noodles' wife. * [[Greg Grunberg]] as Phil, Jack's driver. Addeetionally, [[Shangela]] appears as the drag bar MC, [[Willam Belli]] as drag queen Emerald, an [[Ron Rifkin]] as Jackson's rehab therapist Carl. [[Barry Shabaka Henley]] appears as Little Feet, a veteran session muisicker. [[Rebecca Field]] portrays Gail, whiles [[Michael Harney]] portrays Wolfie, a freend o Lorenzo. [[Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real]] appear as Jackson's baund. Memmers o the supergroup baund include [[Don Was]], [[Victor Indrizzo]] an [[Lenny Castro]]. [[Eddie Griffin]] appears as a local preacher an [[Luenell]] appears as a cashier. [[Marlon Williams (New Zealand muisicker)|Marlon Williams]], [[Brandi Carlile]], [[Alec Baldwin]], [[Halsey (sangster)|Halsey]] an [[Don Roy King]] cameo as themselves. == Production == === Pre-production === Aulder remaks o the [[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|oreeginal 1937 film]] includit the [[A Star Is Born (1954 film)|1954 adaptation]] starnin [[Judy Garland]], an the [[A Star Is Born (1976 film)|1976 rock muisical]] wi [[Barbra Streisand]] an [[Kris Kristofferson]] as the leads. Furthermair, the [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] romance film ''[[Aashiqui 2]]'' (2013) wis inspired bi ''A Star Is Born'' bit wis nae a remak.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Noelfi|first=Joel|date=2017-04-18|title=How Lady Gaga's A Star Is Born evolved with Jennifer Lopez, Beyoncé, more|url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/04/18/lady-gaga-a-star-is-born-jennifer-lopez-beyonce/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=Entertainment Weekly|language=en}}</ref> Development o a new adaptation dated as far back as the late 1990s wi [[Will Smith]] the intendit lead pleyer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2000-03-09|title=Lauryn, Mariah sought for 'A Star Is Born'|url=http://www.canoe.com/JamMusicArtistsH/hill_lauryn.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-02|website=|language=en|archive-date=2000-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001001075441/http://www.canoe.com/JamMusicArtistsH/hill_lauryn.html}}</ref> Houiver, Smith's pairticipation wis nixed bi his decision tae starn in ''[[Ali (2001 film)|Ali]]''.<ref name=":0" /> In 2000, [[Jamie Foxx]] an [[Oliver Stone]] wur rumored tae be seriously interestit in remakin the film,<ref name=":0" /> wi Foxx furst seekin oot [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] sangster [[Aaliyah]] an then risin actor [[Paul Walker]] fur the leadin duo roles.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Angulo|first=Sandra P.|date=2000-09-15|title=Jamie Foxx is planning to remake A Star Is Born|url=https://ew.com/article/2000/09/15/jamie-foxx-planning-remake-star-born/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2018-10-16|title=Aaliyah Was The Original Choice For Lead Role In ‘A Star Is Born’ Remake Before Lady Gaga, Beyonce|url=https://jojocrews.com/aaliyah-original-choice-lead-role-star-born-remake-lady-gaga-beyonce/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=JoJoCrews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Lauryn Hill]] an [[Mariah Carey]] wur soucht fur the lead roles an aa,<ref name=":0" /> an [[Alicia Keys]] turned doun an offer tae pley the female lead in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Keys snubs Smith, eyes Disney film|url=http://www.canoe.com/JamMusicArtistsK/keys_alicia.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-02|website=|archive-date=2003-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030114100820/http://www.canoe.com/JamMusicArtistsK/keys_alicia.html}}</ref> Plans fur the adaptation wis shelvit fur mony years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rao|first=Sonia|date=2018-10-01|title=Bradley Cooper will keep geeking out about ‘A Star Is Born’ as long as you let him|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bradley-cooper-will-keep-geeking-out-about-a-star-is-born-as-long-as-you-let-him/2018/09/27/a965b168-c0d6-11e8-90c9-23f963eea204_story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In Januar 2011, it wis annoonced that [[Clint Eastwood]] wis in tauks tae direct [[Beyoncé]] in a thrid American remak o the film ''[[A Star Is Born (1937 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' (1937), wi [[Bradley Cooper]] pleyin the male lead. Houiver, the projeck wis delayed on accoont o Beyoncé's pregnancy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McVey|first=Ciara|date=2018-11-04|title=‘A Star Is Born’ Producer on Why Beyonce, Clint Eastwood Remake Never Happened|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/a-star-is-born-producer-why-beyonce-clint-eastwood-film-didnt-happen-1157694/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In Aprile 2012, writer Will Fetters tauld [[Valnet|''Collider'']] that the script wis inspired bi [[Kurt Cobain]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chitwood|first=Adam|date=2012-04-01|title=Will Fetters Talks Clint Eastwood's A STAR IS BORN Remake|url=https://collider.com/a-star-is-born-remake-kurt-cobain-will-fetters/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Valnet|Collider]]|language=en}}</ref> Ower the course o the film's development, tauks wi [[Christian Bale]], [[Leonardo DiCaprio]], [[Tom Cruise]], [[Johnny Depp]] an Smith tae pley the male lead dwined tae come tae fruition. Eastwood wis interestit in [[Esperanza Spalding]] tae pley the female lead.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=2012-10-10|title=Beyonce exits Eastwood’s ‘A Star Is Born’ (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2012/film/news/beyonce-exits-eastwood-s-a-star-is-born-exclusive-1118060516/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Rihanna]], [[Shakira]], [[Janelle Monáe]], [[Selena Gomez]], [[Demi Lovato]] an [[Kesha]] wur considered fur the lead female role an aa. On 24 Mairch 2015, [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] annoonced that Cooper wis in final tauks tae mak his directorial debut wi the film. Beyoncé wis again in tauks tae jyn, thou aye unsigned.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=Mike Fleming|date=2015-03-24|title=Bradley Cooper To Make Directing Debut, Hopes To Star With Beyonce In ‘A Star Is Born’ For Warner Bros|url=https://deadline.com/2015/03/bradley-cooper-beyonce-a-star-is-born-directing-debut-warner-bros-1201381195/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In order tae secure his furst directorial commitment an in lieu o receivin an upfront salary, Cooper teuk a back-end deal in order tae get the film mak, resultin in a $39.9 million salary.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Welk|first=Brian|date=2019-08-22|title=Dwayne Johnson, Chris Hemsworth Top Forbes' 2019 Highest-Paid Actors List (Photos)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/dwayne-johnson-chris-hemsworth-top-forbes-2019-highest-paid-actors-list-photos/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[TheWrap]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Cooper acknawledgit that he wis initially discouragit frae directin the film, as the projeck haed unnergone a prolonged development process involvin multiple filmmakers an starns. In maugre o warnins frae thaim close tae him an recognisin the risks o helmin anither remak, he remained committit, sayin the projeck "ignitit somethin" in him an reflectit a lang-standin personal connection tae muisic an sangwritin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Stack|first=Tim|date=2018-09-09|title=Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper headline A Star Is Born for EW's Fall Movie Preview|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/08/09/a-star-is-born-bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-ew-cover/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|language=en}}</ref> Cooper revealed that oreeginally he planned on anly directin the film an did nae wint tae starn in it acause he wantit tae focus on directin. His furst chyce fur the male lead wis muisicker [[Jack White]], bit the studio rejectit the idea. It wis then that Cooper greed tae starn in the film as weel.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Setoodeh|first=Ramin|date=2018-11-13|title=Lady Gaga Will Never Be the Same After ‘A Star Is Born’|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/lady-gaga-a-star-is-born-bradley-cooper-oscars-1203026174/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A major issue in the development process wis Warner Bros.' reluctance tae deal wi [[Jon Peters]], wha held the richts tae the material datin back tae his producin the 1976 film. Whiles the studio ultimately reached an greement wi him in order tae proceed wi the projeck, his involvement wis retained owin tae contractual obligations. He did nae receive the [[Producers Guild o Americae]] "p.g.a." designation, that signifies that a producer performed the majority o the producin duties an is teepically uised bi the [[Academy o Motion Pictur Airts an Sciences]] whan determinin eligible nominees fur the [[Academy Awaird fur Best Pictur]]. Peters haed previously faced multiple sexual harassment allegations, that he denee'd. Bradley Cooper stairtit that he haed nae been aware o the allegations at the time, expleenin that Peters's consent wis required tae mak the film, an notit that Peters wis nae involvit durin production, remarkin, "Luckily, Jon wasnae there."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yang|first=Rachel|date=2018-09-14|title=Bradley Cooper Addresses ‘A Star Is Born’ Producer Jon Peters’ Harassment Charges|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/bradley-cooper-jon-peters-a-star-is-born-1202942307/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|date=2018-09-12|title=A Star Is Born: Warner Brothers Cites Contract in Jon Peters Sexual Harassment Controversy|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/09/a-star-is-born-jon-peters|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|language=en-US}}</ref> === Castin === Cooper became the male lead whiles in final tauks tae mak his directorial debut at the end o Mairch 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bart|first=Mike Fleming Jr,Peter|date=2016-05-02|title=Bart & Fleming: Bradley Cooper & Lady Gaga Road Test ‘A Star Is Born’ Team-Up|url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/bart-fleming-bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-road-test-a-star-is-born-team-up-1201747779/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=Mike Fleming|date=2016-06-16|title=Lady Gaga Looking Like A Strong Match With Bradley Cooper In ‘A Star Is Born’|url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-a-star-is-born-remake-1201774136/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=2016-06-16|title=Lady Gaga Joins Bradley Cooper’s ‘A Star Is Born’ Remake|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/lady-gaga-a-star-is-born-remake-bradley-cooper-1201796597/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 August 2016, it wis reportit that [[Lady Gaga]] haed offeecially become attached an the studio haed green-lit the projeck tae begin production early 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jr|first=Mike Fleming|date=2016-08-16|title=‘A Star Is Born’ Gets Warner Bros Green Light; Bradley Cooper Directs, Stars With Lady Gaga|language=en-US|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url=http://deadline.com/2016/08/bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-a-star-is-born-warner-bros-remake-1201804358/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02}}</ref> [[Beyoncé]] wis the furst chyce fur the role an wirkit wi Cooper on it fur a year afore leavin the projeck. [[Adele]] wis briefly considered tae replace her afore Cooper met Gaga.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bradley Cooper Recalls 'Crazy' Meeting with Beyonce for A Star Is Born: 'JAY-Z Was Watching Judge Judy'|language=en|work=People.com|url=https://people.com/bradley-cooper-jay-z-watched-judge-judy-while-meeting-beyonce-a-star-is-born-8597815|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02}}</ref> On 9 November 2016, it wis reportit that [[Ray Liotta]] wis in tauks tae jyn the film in the role o the manager tae Cooper's chairacter, thou he ultimately wis nae involvit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|date=2016-11-09|title=Ray Liotta in Talks to Join Lady Gaga in ‘A Star Is Born’ Remake|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/ray-liotta-talks-join-lady-gaga-a-star-is-born-remake-946002/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> On 17 Mairch 2017, [[Sam Elliott]] jynt the film,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Busch|first=Anita|date=2017-03-17|title=Sam Elliott Joins Bradley Cooper & Lady Gaga In ‘A Star Is Born’|url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/sam-elliott-a-star-is-born-bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-1202045790/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> wi [[Andrew Dice Clay]] enterin negotiations tae pley Lorenzo, the faither o Lady Gaga's chairacter.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Busch|first=Anita|date=2017-03-23|title=Andrew Dice Clay In Negotiations To Join ‘A Star Is Born’ In Key Role|url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/andrew-dice-clay-a-star-is-born-lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-1202048511/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-01|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Clay wis reportedly selectit ower [[Robert De Niro]], [[John Turturro]] an [[John Travolta]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sippell|first=Margeaux|date=2018-09-25|title=Andrew Dice Clay Says He Beat Robert De Niro, John Travolta for ‘A Star Is Born’ Role|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/andrew-dice-clay-getting-call-bradley-cooper-join-a-star-is-born-1202957224/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Howard Stern]] wis the furst chyce fur Elliott's role bit he passed on the role.<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Rourke|first=Ryan|date=2023-11-27|title=Howard Stern Almost Played a Pivotal Role in 'A Star Is Born'|url=https://collider.com/a-star-is-born-howard-stern-sam-elliott-role/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=Collider|language=en}}</ref> In Aprile 2017, [[Rafi Gavron]], [[Michael Harney]], an [[Rebecca Field]] jynt the cast an aa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|date=2017-04-28|title=‘A Star Is Born’ Adds Rafi Gavron & Michael Harney|url=https://deadline.com/2017/04/a-star-is-born-warner-bros-rafi-gavron-michael-harney-1202078725/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In Mey, [[Dave Chappelle]] wis cast in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hipes|first=Patrick|date=2017-05-05|title=Dave Chappelle Joins ‘A Star Is Born’ Redo|url=https://deadline.com/2017/05/dave-chappelle-a-star-is-born-movie-1202085584/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In Aprile 2018, it wis annoonced that [[Halsey (sangster)|Halsey]] wad hae a smaa role.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=Mike Fleming|date=2018-04-25|title=Sony Pictures Makes Deal With Halsey For Movie Inspired By Singer’s Life|url=https://deadline.com/2018/04/halsey-sony-pictures-movie-deal-life-story-1202376737/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ===Filmin=== [[File:Glasto17-44 (35547413626).jpg|thumb|right|Bradley Cooper wis filmed durin a performance at the 2017 [[Glastonbury Fest]] in a scene that wis uised fur the film.]] Principal photography fur ''A Star Is Born'' commenced on 17 Aprile 2017. The production emphasised authenticity bi filmin concert scenes at actual muisic fests wi live audiences.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Perry|first=Spencer|date=2017-04-17|title=First Look at Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper in A Star is Born Remake|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/838711-first-look-at-lady-gaga-and-bradley-cooper-in-a-star-is-born-remake|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=Comingsoon.net|language=en-US}}</ref> Key performances wis shot at the [[Stagecoach Fest]] in [[Indio, Californie]], atween acks bi [[Jamey Johnson]] an [[Willie Nelson]], wi the crew gien anly aicht minutes tae set up an film ilka scene. Addeetional concert sequences wis filmed at [[Coachella]] an [[Glastonbury Fest|Glastonbury]] fests.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Julie|date=2018-09-10|title=Inside Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper’s A Star Is Born Love Fest|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/09/a-star-is-born-lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-love-fest|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Filming Locations for A Star Is Born (2018), around Los Angeles and California.|url=http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/s/Star-Is-Born-2018.php|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations}}</ref> Lady Gaga heidlined Coachella whiles filmin scenes fur the film an aa, allouin the production extendit access tae the fest grunds. Glastonbury scenes wis filmed afore a croud o aroond 80,000, wi Kris Kristofferson allouin the production a brief slot durin his set tae film on stage. Addeetional scenes wis filmed at ''Saturday Night Live'' uisin its actual studio, crew, an equipment, wi permission frae [[Lorne Michaels]], creator an producer o the shaw.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Stack|first=Tim|date=2018-08-09|title=A Star Is Born: How they shot at Coachella, Glastonbury, and Saturday Night Live|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/08/09/a-star-is-born-performance-scenes-coachella-glastonbury-snl/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|language=en}}</ref> Director Bradley Cooper soucht tae place the camera on stage wi the performers, aimin fur a documentary-lik perspective that reflectit the performers' viewpynt raither nor that o the audience.<ref name=":2" /> He expleent that this approach wis intendit tae immerse viewers in the experience o performin live, makin them feel as thou thay wur on stage raither nor observin frae the croud.<ref name=":1" /> Cooper wis inspired bi observin concerts frae backstage, that informed the film's immersive stagin o muisical nummers.<ref name=":2" /> Thegither wi cinematographer [[Matthew Libatique]], thay employed a naituralistic veesual style, uisin haundheld cameras an naitural lichtin tae creaut an intimate atmosphere. Libatique notit that decisions regardin the film's veesual style wis mak collaboratively, focusin on authenticity an tone.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|date=2018-10-08|title=‘A Star Is Born’: Shooting Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga Singing and Falling in Love|url=https://www.indiewire.com/awards/industry/a-star-is-born-cinematography-bradley-cooper-and-lady-gaga-1202009843/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=[[IndieWire]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The production utilisit the [[PIX Seestem]] fur deegital wirkflows an aa, facilitatin efficient collaboration amang depairtments durin filmin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Morrow|first=Steve|title=A Star Is Born|url=https://www.local695.com/magazine/a-star-is-born/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-02|website=IATSE Local 695}}</ref> === Muisic === Efter seein him perform at [[Desert Trip]] fest, Cooper approached [[Lukas Nelson]] an asked him tae help wirk on the film. Nelson greed an wrate mony sangs, that he sent tae the producers. Nelson subsequently met Lady Gaga an begound writin sangs wi her an she, in turn, provided backin vocals on twa track on his sel-titled 2017 album.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How Lady Gaga Brought Lukas Nelson and Promise of the Real's "Find Yourself" to Life|work=CMT News|url=http://www.cmt.com/news/1786617/how-lady-gaga-brought-lukas-nelson-and-promise-of-the-reals-find-yourself-to-life/|access-date=2026-05-03|archive-date=2018-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214194001/http://www.cmt.com/news/1786617/how-lady-gaga-brought-lukas-nelson-and-promise-of-the-reals-find-yourself-to-life/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nelson an his baund, Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real, appear in the film as Cooper’s backin baund an aa. The projeck further involvit collaborators sic as [[Mark Ronson]], [[Hillary Lindsey]], [[Jason Isbell]], an [[Diane Warren]], wha contreibutit tae the sangwritin an production.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star Is Born|url=http://lyrics.astarisbornmusic.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=A Star Is Born|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star Is Born – Credits|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-star-is-born-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-mw0003206483#credits|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[AllMusic]]|language=en}}</ref> Sangs fur the soondtrack wis written durin filmin an evolved alangside the screenpley, wi the muisic closely tee'd tae the film's narrative an chairacter development.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stack|first=Tim|date=2018-08-11|title=Inside the creation of the thrilling new A Star Is Born soundtrack|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/08/11/a-star-is-born-soundtrack/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Whipp|first=Glenn|last2=|date=2018-12-08|title=‘A Star Is Born’: Lady Gaga and Mark Ronson take a deep dive on ‘Shallow’|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-en-mn-lady-gaga-mark-ronson-shallow-star-is-born-20181208-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref> It haes been descrieved as maistly pop<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beaumont-Thomas|first=Ben|date=2018-10-05|title=A Star Is Born soundtrack review – instant classics full of Gaga's emotional might|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/05/a-star-is-born-soundtrack-review-lady-gaga-bradley-cooper|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=DeVille|first=Chris|date=2018-10-04|title=The A Star Is Born Soundtrack Could Stand To Go Off The Deep End More Often|url=https://stereogum.com/2016915/a-star-is-born-soundtrack-review-lady-gaga/columns/the-week-in-pop/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Stereogum]]|language=en}}</ref> an [[blues rock]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fitzmaurice|first=Larry|title=Lady Gaga / Bradley Cooper - A Star Is Born Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-a-star-is-born-soundtrack/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Pitchfork (wabsteid)|Pitchfork]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jenkins|first=Craig|date=2018-10-09|title=The Lasting Gift of the Star Is Born Soundtrack|url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/10/a-star-is-born-soundtrack-review.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Vulture (wabsteid)|Vulture]]|language=en}}</ref> The soondtrack album wis lowsed on 5 October 2018, bi [[Interscope Records]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reed|first=Ryan|date=2018-08-30|title=Lady Gaga, Bradley Cooper Detail 'A Star Is Born' Soundtrack|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-star-is-born-soundtrack-717409/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|language=en-US}}</ref> an includes 19 sangs accompanee'd bi 15 dialogue tracks. It received generally positive reviews frae creetics,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tingley|first=Anna|date=2019-06-26|title=‘A Star Is Born’ Soundtrack Surpasses Global Sales of 6 Million|url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/a-star-is-born-soundtrack-total-sales-global-1203253124/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Millard|first=Anna|title=A Definitive Ranking Of The Songs In "A Star Is Born," Based On Spotify Streams|url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2018/12/218950/spotify-a-star-is-born-soundtrack-song-ranking|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Refinery29]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shea|first=Ryan|date=2018-11-09|title=Another One: Lady Gaga Debuts 'Always Remember Us This Way' From 'A Star is Born'|url=https://instinctmagazine.com/another-one-lady-gaga-debuts-always-remember-us-this-way-from-a-star-is-born/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Instinct (magazine)|Instinct]]|language=en-US}}</ref> an became a major commercial success, rankin amang the best-sellin albums o 2019 warldwide an sellin millions o units.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-03-19|title=Arashi Best-Of Tops Taylor Swift for IFPI’s Best-Selling Album of 2019|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/ifpi-best-selling-albums-list-2019/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hatton|first=Carl|date=2019-03-13|title=The Greatest Showman soundtrack named best-selling album of 2018|url=https://www.ifpi.org/the-greatest-showman-soundtrack-named-best-selling-album-of-2018/|access-date=2026-05-03|website=IFPI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Schneider|first=Marc|date=2019-02-28|title=Interscope Execs Salute Lady Gaga as ‘A Star Is Born’ Soundtrack Hits Sales, Streaming Milestones|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/lady-gaga-star-born-album-sales-streams-interscope-execs-photo-kimmel/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Sellers and Global Artist of the Year — IFPI — Representing the recording industry worldwide|url=https://www.ifpi.org/bestsellers-and-global-artist.php|access-date=2026-05-03|website=www.ifpi.org|language=en|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319160743/https://www.ifpi.org/bestsellers-and-global-artist.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A kiver o "[[La Vie en rose]]" is performed bi Ally in the drag bar whaur Jackson furst meets her.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bereznak|first=Alyssa|date=2018-12-05|title=The Songs From ‘A Star Is Born,’ Ranked|url=https://www.theringer.com/2018/12/05/year-in-review/a-star-is-born-songs-ranked-bradley-cooper-lady-gaga|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[The Ringer (wabsteid)|The Ringer]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Spanos|first=Brittany|date=2018-10-05|title=Review: Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper Shine Bright on the 'A Star Is Born' Soundtrack|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/review-lady-gaga-and-bradley-cooper-shine-bright-on-the-a-star-is-born-soundtrack-733184/|access-date=2026-05-03|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref> "[[Is That Alright?]]" pleys ower the film's [[Closin credits|end credits]] in the theatrical cut, servin as Ally's pledge tae Jackson in that she vows tae luve him fur the rest o her life.<ref>{{Cite news|last=S. Hé|first=Kristen|title=Every Lady Gaga Song, Ranked A deep dive into a star who almost single-handedly raised the bar for pop music|language=en|work=[[Vulture (wabsteid)|Vulture]]|url=https://www.vulture.com/article/best-lady-gaga-songs-ranked.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Butler|first=Bethonie|date=2018-10-19|title=Are we supposed to hate the pop songs in ‘A Star Is Born’? One of the songwriters weighs in.|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2018/10/19/are-we-supposed-hate-pop-songs-star-is-born-one-songwriters-weighs/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> ===Costume an makeup=== Makeup airtist Sarah Tanno descrieved Ally's appearance as the result o a "meticulous" daily process, that includit kiverin aw o Lady Gaga's tattoos tae mak her "completely different" frae her public eemage. At the request o Gaga an Cooper, the chairacter wis initially presentit wi a meenimal, "raw" leuk uisin anly basic products sic as braw gel an lip balm.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ward|first=Fiona|date=2019-01-11|title=Lady Gaga's makeup artist reveals the surprising process behind her A Star Is Born look|url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/makeup/2019011166514/lady-gaga-makeup-artist-reveals-surprising-process-a-star-is-born-character/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Hello! (magazine)|Hello!]]|language=en}}</ref> As Ally's career progresses, her makeup wis gradually developit tae appear sel-applee'd, wi new shapes an stylin chyces reflectin her transition intae a mair polished performer. [[File:Grace Kelly & William Holden 1955 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Grace Kelly]] at the [[27t Academy Awairds|1955 Academy Awairds]]; her goun served as an inspiration fur Ally's final performance dress in the film.]] Costume designer Erin Benach similarly approached Ally's wardrobe as a reflection o her narrative arc, aimin tae "personify the different beats" o her development frae an aspirin muisicker tae an established pop starn.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Tangcay|first=Jazz|title=Interview: Erin Benach Creates the Costumes of A Star Is Born to Dress Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga|url=https://www.awardsdaily.com/2019/01/09/interview-erin-benach-creates-the-costumes-of-a-star-is-born-to-dress-bradley-cooper-and-lady-gaga/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Awards Daily]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In the film's early scenes, Ally is presentit in unnerstatit, iveryday claethin—sic as jeans an leather pants—tae emphasise her anonymity an relatability, wi the designers deliberately avoidin elements associatit wi Gaga's public eemage. Fur her innin at a drag bar, Benach opted fur a minimalist black dress raither nor a mair elaborate "drag" costume, a last-meenit chynge mak efter observin the club's settin an performers, as the sempler leuk alloued Ally tae staund oot amang the surroondin [[Drag (entertainment)|drag performers]].<ref name=":3" /> As Ally begins tourin wi Jackson, her wardrobe incorporates vintage an thrifted pieces inspired bi her surroondins, reflectin her gradual immersion intae his warld.<ref name=":3" /> Benach notit that Ally's style shifts frae her Los Angeles ceety life toward Jackson's country rock aesthetic, wi the chairacter acquirin claethin that reflects his influence whiles remainin consistent wi her awn identity. Awthou some ootfits wis designed tae appear vintage, certain pieces—sic as leopard prent pants—wis soorced frae contemporary fashion braunds. Benach soorced garments frae vintage shops in Los Angeles an Long Beach, drawin on styles frae the 1970s an 1980s, includin Wastren-inspired sarks an dresses wi fringe details. The costume team creatit custom pieces fur key performances an aa, includin an embroidered white jumpsuit worn durin Ally's performance o "Always Remember Us This Way". Later, as Ally achieves commercial success, her costumes shift toward mair stylisit an experimental pop aesthetics, representin a phase in that the chairacter is "tryin different leuks" as she develops her stage persona.<ref name=":3" /> Durin this period, her performance ootfits align wi her emergin pop eemage, includin a sparkly crop top an transparent cargo pants worn durin her ''Saturday Night Live'' appearance, wi Benach citin runwey trends an 1990s lass groups sic as [[Destiny's Child]] as influences. This progression culminates in mair elaborate stage an awaird-shaw attire, includin a custom gowd goun creatit bi [[Gucci]] fur the film's Grammy Awairds sequence. Fur the film's finale, Benach an her team designed a robin egg blue goun fur Ally's performance o "I'll Never Love Again", inspired in pairt bi [[Grace Kelly]]'s [[27t Academy Awairds|1955 Academy Awairds]] dress.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tschorn|first=Adam|date=2018-12-14|title=Costume designers explain Lady Gaga's Gucci, 'Black Panther's' tribal color codes, Neil Armstrong's pops of plaid and more|url=https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-en-mn-costume-designer-roundtable-20181214-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The unnerstatit design wis intendit tae avoid distractin frae the emotional impact o the scene, wi Benach notin that "as soon as ye pit a really strang design on her, it juist teuk awey frae the moment". Benach forby emphasised a "timeless" approach tae the film's costume design, avoidin direct imitation o contemporary pop starns in order tae creaut a mair universal an endurin veesual identity. Fur Jackson, Benach based the chairacter's wardrobe on his muisical identity, initially experimentin wi a mair overt rock-inspired style afore refinin it tae better align wi his soond.<ref name=":3" /> She ultimately developit a consistent "uniform" fur the chairacter, emphasisin a "sexy" an "effortless" aesthetic throu carefully curatit garments.<ref name=":3" /> Mony o his costumes wis custom-mak tae appear casual an unstyled, includin modifee'd vintage-inspired pieces sic as button-doun sarks, reinforcin a consistent an unchyngin personal style.<ref name=":3" /> == Release == === Mercatin === The film's furst trailer wis lowsed on 6 Juin 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2018-06-06|title=A Star Is Born: first trailer for Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper film hits internet|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jun/06/a-star-is-born-first-trailer-for-lady-gaga-and-bradley-cooper-musical-hits-internet|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> === Theatrical === ''A Star Is Born'' haed its warld premiere at the [[75t Venice Internaitional Film Fest]] on 31 August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chu|first=Henry|date=2018-07-23|title=‘A Star Is Born’ to World Premiere at Venice Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/a-star-is-born-bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-world-premiere-venice-film-festival-1202880799/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hammond|first=Nancy Tartaglione,Pete|date=2018-07-23|title=Bradley Cooper’s ‘A Star Is Born’ Confirm For Venice Fest After First Hollywood Screening Impresses Exhibitors – Update|url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/a-star-is-born-venice-film-festival-lineup-hollywood-screening-1202429533/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The film forby screened at the [[2018 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest|Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Orlova|first=Tamara A.|date=2018-09-10|title=Lady Gaga 'A Star Is Born' Premiere Toronto Film Festival 2018|url=https://www.ikonlondonmagazine.com/a-star-is-born-tiff-premiere/|access-date=2026-05-03|website=Ikon London Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> the [[San Sebastián Internaitional Film Fest]], an the [[Zurich Film Fest]] in September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=2018-07-24|title=Toronto: Timothee Chalamet Starrer ‘Beautiful Boy,’ Dan Fogelman’s ‘Life Itself’ Among Festival Lineup|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/tiff-2018-lineup-beautiful-boy-life-more-1129445/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wiseman|first=Andreas|date=2018-08-14|title=Damien Chazelle’s ‘First Man’, Alfonso Cuaron’s ‘Roma’, Bradley Cooper’s ‘A Star Is Born’ Head To San Sebastian Fest|language=en-US|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url=https://deadline.com/2018/08/san-sebastian-bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-star-born-first-man-alfonso-cuaron-ryan-gosling-roma-1202445056/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03}}</ref> The film wis theatrically lowsed in the Unitit States on 5 October 2018,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lawrence|first=Derek|title=Lady Gaga's 'A Star Is Born' shifts release date back to 2018 awards season|language=en|work=Entertainment Weekly|url=http://ew.com/movies/2017/12/20/a-star-is-born-release-date-moves-back/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03}}</ref> distributit bi [[Warner Bros. Pictures]], efter haein initially been set fur lowse on 28 September 2018, an then rescheduled tae 18 Mey 2018, afore bein pushed back tae October.<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2016-11-10|title=Bradley Cooper-Lady Gaga Movie ‘A Star Is Born’ Gets 2018 Release Date|url=https://deadline.com/2016/11/warner-bros-dates-a-star-is-born-new-lines-rampage-more-1201852069/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=2017-09-22|title=Bradley Cooper-Lady Gaga’s ‘Star Is Born’ Moves to May 2018|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-a-star-is-born-1202566359/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The studio spent an estimatit $110 million promotin the film.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2019-03-25|title=Deadline’s 2018 Most Valuable Movie Blockbuster Tournament Gets Underway: No. 10 ‘A Star Is Born’|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/a-star-is-born-box-office-profit-2018-1202580798/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Beginnin 7 December 2018, the film haed a limited lowse in [[IMAX]] theaters across the Unitit States an Canadae. ==== "Encore" version ==== On 28 Februar 2019, the film wis re-lowsed in mair nor 1,150 US theaters as a special "encore" edition, featurin twal meenit o addeetional footage. The extendit cut includes langer muisical sequences, sic as Jackson Maine's appenin performance o "Black Eyes", an eikit a cappella portion o "Shallow" sung bi Ally in the parkin lot, a brief duet o "Diggin' My Grave", Jackson an Ally writin the sang "Clover", an a tour-bus performance o "[[Midnight Special (sang)|Midnight Special]]". The edition forby eiks "Is That Alright?" tae the weddin reception sequence, whaur Ally performs the sang fur Jackson efter thair mairiage. Ither addeetions include further domestic scenes atween Jackson an Ally, mair dialogue frae Noodles, Jackson recordin "Too Far Gone", Ally colloguin tour costumes wi Rez, an expandit Grammys rehearsal sequence wi Marlon Williams, an a langer scene o Ally veesitin Jackson in rehab.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McClintock|first=Pamela|date=2019-02-27|title=‘A Star Is Born’ to Be Rereleased With 12 Minutes of New Footage|url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/tv-film/a-star-is-born-rerelease-12-minutes-new-footage-8500350/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Harris|first=Hunter|date=2019-03-01|title=The Zipline Scene and Everything Else in A Star Is Born Encore Re-Release|url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/03/star-is-born-encore-re-release-new-ally-jackson-maine-scenes-songs.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Vulture (wabsteid)|Vulture]]|language=en}}</ref> === Hame media === The film wis available fur [[Muisic dounload|deegital dounload]] throu retailers on 15 Januar 2019, follaed bi its lowse on Blu-ray, DVD an [[4K Ultra HD Blu-ray]] on 19 Februar. The hame video lowse features 10 meenit o niver-afore-seen muisical performances bi Cooper an Gaga, an jam recordin sessions o sangs lik "Midnight Special", "Is That Alright?" an "[[Baby What You Want Me to Do]]".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chitwood|first=Adam|date=2018-12-12|title=A Star Is Born Blu-ray Includes Unseen Musical Performances|url=https://collider.com/a-star-is-born-blu-ray-details/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Valnet|Collider]]|language=en}}</ref> A ahint-the-scenes short feature, "The Road to Stardom: Making ''A Star Is Born''", wis forby includit alang wi muisic videos fur fower o the sangs frae the soondtrack: "Shallow", "Always Remember Us This Way", "Look What I Found" an "I'll Never Love Again".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Howard|first=Kirsten|date=2018-12-18|title=A Star Is Born UK DVD/Blu-ray release date and bonus features|language=en|work=[[Den of Geek]]|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/uk/movies/a-star-is-born/62407/a-star-is-born-uk-dvdblu-ray-release-date-and-bonus-features|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-03|archive-date=2018-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221182539/https://www.denofgeek.com/uk/movies/a-star-is-born/62407/a-star-is-born-uk-dvdblu-ray-release-date-and-bonus-features}}</ref> The 4K Blu-ray format haes [[Dolby Vision]] [[Heich-deenamic-range televeesion|heich-deenamic-range video]] an remixed [[Dolby Atmos]] soond that wis tailored specifically fur hame viewin seestems.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Latchem|first=John|date=2018-12-11|title=Warner Slates 'A Star Is Born' for Digital Release Jan. 15, Disc Feb. 19|url=https://www.mediaplaynews.com/warner-slates-a-star-is-born-for-digital-release-jan-15-disc-feb-19/|access-date=2026-05-03|website=Media Play News|language=en-US}}</ref> In Aprile 2019, [[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment|Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]] annoonced the lowse o ''A Star Is Born: Special Encore Edition'' fur 4 Juin. The lowse includes the extendit an theatrical cuts o the film. Unlik the furst hame media lowse, this version did nae receive a 4K Ultra HD lowse.<ref>{{Citation|title=A Star Is Born Blu-ray (Special Encore Edition)|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/A-Star-Is-Born-Blu-ray/241324/|language=en|access-date=2026-05-03}}</ref> The film wis later bundled wi the soondtrack as pairt o the ''A Star Is Born'' – VIP Pass Edition, lowsed on 25 November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star is Born (2018) - VIP Pass Edition|url=https://megalodon.jp/2026-0420-0243-16/https://www.amazon.co.uk:443/Star-Born-Pass-Blu-ray-Region/dp/B07YX4YJ7G/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2BXJ8M18TNSUI&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.b5uZlCScy4fnXXo6FNQc-A.tdqfKvVa70X2dTVMqrn0yUlElNIwRgNiflKgqk_fAys&dib_tag=se&keywords=A+Star+is+Born+(2018)+-+VIP+Pass+Edition&qid=1776620566&s=dvd&sprefix=a+star+is+born+2018+-+vip+pass+edition,dvd,215&sr=1-1|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|language=}}</ref> This edition includes baith versions o the film on Blu-ray, the soondtrack on CD, three limited-edition posters, a 32-page beuklet, an sax exclusive airt cairds. Addeetional bundle editions combinin the film an soondtrack wis forby issued in select mercats.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A star is born + soundtrack (dvd [edizione: regno unito] [édition spéciale avec cd] [import]|url=https://www.amazon.pl/star-born-soundtrack-dvd-edizione/dp/B07MG12JH3|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star is Born - Exklusiv Limited Blu-ray Vinyl Optik Edition auf 1.500 Stk nummeriert [inkl Soundtrack CD] - Blu-ray|url=https://www.amazon.de/Star-Born-Exklusiv-nummeriert-Soundtrack/dp/B07NZ5B7P6|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-03|website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]|language=}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== ''A Star Is Born'' grossed $215.3{{nbsp}}million in the Unitit States an Canadae, an $220.9{{nbsp}}million in ither territories, fur a tot warldwide gross o $436.2{{nbsp}}million, against a production budget o $36{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star Is Born|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2164360705/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' calculatit the net profit o the film tae be $178.1{{nbsp}}million, whan factorin thegither aw expenses an revenues, makin it the tent maist profitable lowse o 2018.<ref name=":4" /> In the Unitit States an Canadae, ''A Star Is Born'' grossed $1.35{{nbsp}}million frae select Tysday an Wadensday nicht screenins, an $15.8{{nbsp}}million on its furst day, includin $3.2{{nbsp}}million frae Fuirsday nicht previews. It wint on tae debut tae $42.9{{nbsp}}million fur the weekend an finished seicon at the box office, ahint fellae newcomer ''[[Venom (2018 film)|Venom]]''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2018-10-09|title=‘Venom’ Flies To Near $90M; ‘A Star Is Born’ Has Rhythm With $51M As Monday Fall Holidays Propel Box Office|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/venom-a-star-is-born-weekend-box-office-lady-gaga-1202476614/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The film remained in seicont place in its seicont, thrid an fowert weekends, grossin a respective $28{{nbsp}}million, $19.3{{nbsp}}million an $14.1{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2018-10-14|title=Sony Swings Past $1 Billion As ‘Venom’ Bites $35M+; ‘First Man’ Has Soft Launch With $16M+ – Sunday AM|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/first-man-landing-1m-from-thursday-night-shows-early-b-o-read-1202481481/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2018-10-21|title=‘Halloween’ Scares Up 2nd Best October Debut With $77M+; Record For Blumhouse & Carpenter Canon; Great Miramax Comeback|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/halloween-record-opening-weekend-box-office-1202485871/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2018-10-28|title=‘Halloween’ Screams $32M Second Weekend As October B.O. Hits $789M+ Record|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/halloween-screaming-a-33m-second-weekend-will-slash-100m-mark-tonight-1202490458/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In the film's tent weekend o lowse, follaein the annooncement o its five Gowden Globe nominations, the film mak $2.5{{nbsp}}million (up 38% frae the previous week), includin $800,000 frae a limited IMAX rin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2018-12-09|title=‘Ralph’ Keeps No. 1 Away From Greedy ‘Grinch’ For Third Weekend In A Row With $16M+ – Sunday Update|url=https://deadline.com/2018/12/ralph-breaks-the-internet-the-favourite-emma-stone-rachel-weisz-weekend-box-office-1202516270/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In the film's 17t week o lowse, follaein its aicht Oscar nominations, it wis eikit back tae an addeetional 777 theatres (fur a tot o 1,192) an mak $1.3{{nbsp}}million, an increase o 107% frae the previous weekend.<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2019-01-27|title=‘Glass’ No. 1 Again At Weekend Box Office, ‘Serenity’ Bombs And Only A Handful Of Oscar Best Picture Noms Sees Boost|url=https://deadline.com/2019/01/box-office-glass-anne-hathaway-matthew-mcconaughey-serenity-bombs-oscars-best-picture-1202542005/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The weekend follaein its Best Oreeginal Sang win at the Oscars, the film wis eikit tae 490 theatres (fur a tot o 1,235) an mak $1.9{{nbsp}}million, a 209% increase frae the previous weekend.<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=2019-03-03|title=‘Dragon 3’ Keeps The Fire Burning At No. 1 With $30M Second Weekend; ‘Madea’ Mints $27M|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/madea-famliy-funeral-how-to-train-your-dragon-weekend-box-office-1202567796/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ootside North Americae, the film wis lowsed concurrently in 31 ither kintras, an mak $14.2{{nbsp}}million in its appenin weekend; its lairgest mercats wis the Unitit Kinrick ($5.3{{nbsp}}million), Fraunce ($2.1{{nbsp}}million) an Germany ($1.9{{nbsp}}million). Addeetional kintras follaed, wi Japan nae seein a lowse till December 21.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|date=2018-10-07|title=‘Venom’ Sinks Teeth Into $205M Global Bow; Sets Biggest October Debut WW & Overseas – International Box Office|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/venom-a-star-is-born-opening-weekend-global-international-box-office-1202478000/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The internaitional box office fur the film wis substantial bi the end o October 2018 maugre o bein ootpaced bi the film ''Venom'' at the foreign box office. ''Variety'' magazine summarised the internaitional performance statin: "''A Star Is Born'' continues tae dae monster business o its awn. The acclaimed muisical drama starnin Bradley Cooper an Lady Gaga generatit an impressive $22.8 million frae 75 owerseas mercats, bringin its tally tae $74.7 million owerseas an $201 million globally. ''A Star Is Born'' appened in Austrailie wi $4.7 million in 536 venues, as weel as Hong Kong wi $629,000 in 58 locations. Tap hauldowers include the Unitit Kinrick ($3.9 million on 846 screens), Italy ($1.5 million on 614 screens), an Fraunce ($1.5 million on 353 screens)".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|date=2018-10-21|title=‘Venom’ Rules International Box Office Again, ‘A Star Is Born’ Crosses $200 Million Worldwide|language=en-US|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/venom-international-box-office-a-star-is-born-hallowen-1202987678/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04}}</ref> ===Creetical repone=== {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 400 | image1 = Bradley Cooper (29670050807) (cropped 2).jpg | image2 = Star Is Born 04 (44027219335) (cropped 2).jpg | image3 = TIFF 2018 Samuel Elliott (44592132581) (cropped2).jpg | footer = The performances o [[Bradley Cooper]], [[Lady Gaga]] an [[Sam Elliott]] garnered widespreid creetical acclaim, earnin thaim [[Academy Awairds|Academy Awaird]] nominations fur [[Academy Awaird fur Best Actor|Best Actor]], [[Academy Awaird fur Best Actress|Best Actress]] an [[Academy Awaird fur Best Supportin Actor|Best Supportin Actor]] respectively.<ref name="entertainmentweekly"/><ref name="lat"/> }} On the [[review aggregator]] wabsteid [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 90% o 537 creetics' reviews are positive, wi an average ratin o 8.1/10. The wabsteid's consensus reads: "Wi appealin leads, deft direction, an an affectin luve story, ''A Star Is Born'' is a remak duin richt—an a reminder that some stories can be juist as effective in the retellin."<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star Is Born (2018)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_star_is_born_2018|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|language=en}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film haes a wechtit average score o 88 oot o 100, based on 60 creetics, indicatin "universal acclaim".<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Star Is Born reviews|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/a-star-is-born/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Metacritic]]|language=en}}</ref> Audiences pulled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film an average grade o "A" on an A+ to F scale, whiles [[PostTrak]] reportit film-gaers gae it a 90% positive score an an average o 4.5 oot o 5 starns.<ref name=":5" /> [[Alonso Duralde]] o ''[[TheWrap]]'' gae the film a positive review, sayin, "Cooper an Gaga are dynamite thegither; this is a story that bides an dees bi the central relationship an the instant chemistrie that must blossom atween thaim, an thir twa hae it in spades," an praised the muisical nummers, descrievin thaim as "electrifyin".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duralde|first=Alonso|date=2018-10-04|title='A Star Is Born' Film Review: Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga Reinvigorate a Classic|url=https://www.thewrap.com/a-star-is-born-film-review-bradley-cooper-lady-gaga-2018/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[TheWrap]]|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] o ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' laudit Cooper's directin, co-writin an actin, an cawed the film "a transcendent Hollywood film".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|date=2018-08-31|title=Film Review: ‘A Star Is Born’|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/a-star-is-born-review-lady-gaga-bradley-cooper-1202922858/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Leah Greenblatt o ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' gae the film a B+ an singled oot Gaga's performance, sayin that she "deserves praise fur her restrained, bodie-scale performance as a sangster whose real-lass vulnerability launds miles awey frae the glittery meat-dress delirium o her awn stage persona."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Greenblatt|first=Leah|date=2018-08-31|title=Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper make (mostly) beautiful music in A Star Is Born: EW review|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/08/31/a-star-is-born-review/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Stephanie Zacharek]] o ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine foond the film superior tae its aulder iterations an similarly praised Cooper's direction, the writin, as weel the performances an chemistrie o Cooper an Gaga. She statit: "Ye come awey feelin somethin fur thir fowk, flawed individuals wha are tryin tae hauld thair cracked pieces o sel thegither—or tae mend the cracks o those thay luve," forby descrievin Gaga's performance as a "knockoot."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zacharek|first=Stephanie|author-link=Stephanie Zacharek|date=2018-08-31|title=Lady Gaga Delivers a Knockout Performance in A Star Is Born|url=https://time.com/5382763/a-star-is-born-review/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-04|website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|language=en|archive-date=2018-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831225603/http://time.com/5382763/a-star-is-born-review/}}</ref> In his review fur the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', [[Justin Chang]] cawed the film "remarkable", an praised Cooper fur his fresh tak on the weel-worn formula o 1937 film, as weel his direction, the performances, writin, an the cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chang|first=Justin|author-link=Justin Chang|date=2018-09-08|title=‘A Star Is Born,’ ‘Beautiful Boy’ bring stories of love and addiction to Toronto|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-a-star-is-born-beautiful-boy-toronto-film-festival-20180908-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Peter Travers]] o ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' gae the film 4.5 oot o five starns, an deemed it as a "modren classic", hailin the performances o Cooper an Gaga, an Cooper's direction. He foond the film's screenpley an the oreeginal sangs "seamless" an "terrific", an cawed the film a major [[Academy Awairds|Oscar]] contender o the year an ane o the year's best films an aa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Travers|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Travers|date=2018-10-01|title='A Star Is Born' Review: Cooper, Lady Gaga Hit All the Right Notes|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-reviews/a-star-is-born-movie-review-lady-gaga-729475/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[Rolling Stone]]|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Ann Hornaday]] o ''[[The Washington Post]]'' descrieved the film as "lavishly delightful" an "earthly convincing", an eikit that it "offers a suitably jaundiced glimpse o starnmakin machinery at its maist cynical, bit its maist thrillin an gratifyin an aa." She similarly praised Cooper's direction, the performances an chemistrie o Cooper an Gaga, an the supportin performances, pairticularly [[Andrew Dice Clay]] an [[Sam Elliott]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|author-link=Ann Hornaday|date=2018-09-21|title=Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga’s hotly anticipated ‘A Star is Born’ is here — and it is lavishly delightful|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/bradley-cooper-and-lady-gagas-hotly-anticipated-a-star-is-born-is-here--and-it-is-lavishly-delightful/2018/09/21/c30798b0-bc63-11e8-b7d2-0773aa1e33da_story.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Writin fur the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'', [[Richard Roeper]] descrieved it as "electric an shatteringly pouerfu" an remarked the film as ane o the best versions o aw the remaks, as weel ane o the best films o the year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roeper|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Roeper|date=2018-10-05|title=Thrills of Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' aren't just musical|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2018/10/5/18430310/thrills-of-bradley-cooper-s-a-star-is-born-aren-t-just-musical|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|language=en}}</ref> Whiles praisin the direction, actin an writin, [[Michael Phillips (creetic)|Michael Phillips]] in the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' argues that ''A Star is Born''<nowiki/>'s formula haes aye been vera seductive tae audiences, even whan it haes been written poorly, an Cooper's few missteps include bein a bit o a scene hag. Admittin audiences luve it, an he juist likit it, Phillips drew attention tae a skeptical review bi Lindsey Romaine fur ''[[Medium (wabsteid)|Medium]]'' wha creeticised the story's marginalization o the Gaga chairacter in dealin wi Cooper's manipulative addict. She at least wantit a scene whaur Gaga's chairacter processed her behaviour o lettin the addict ladfreend get awey wi it. Phillips argued that it is in pairt the skeelfu muisickership that gets audiences tae blaw past sic flaws. In August 2021, it wis reportit that [[Barbra Streisand]], wha starned in the 1976 remak o ''[[A Star Is Born (1976 film)|A Star Is Born]]'', haed oreeginally creeticised the "remak o a remak" wi Bradley Cooper an Lady Gaga, statin it wis the "wrang idea."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shanfeld|first=Ethan|date=2021-08-16|title=Barbra Streisand Says Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper’s ‘A Star Is Born’ Was ‘The Wrong Idea’|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/barbra-streisand-a-star-is-born-lady-gaga-1235042350/|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Streisand haed contradictit the oreeginal remarks she gae in a 2018 interview wi ''[[Extra (American TV programme)|Extra]]'', that she claimed she "luved it," an that Gaga wis "wonderfu."<ref>{{Citation|last=|title=Barbra Streisand Praises Lady Gaga & 'A Star Is Born'|date=2018-09-27|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCyGzhSvEds|access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref> In 2021, ''[[The Guardian]]'' placed ''A Star Is Born'' on thair leet o "Remaks that Ootshine the Oreeginals",<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hans|first=Simran|date=2021-08-20|title=From The Fly to Casino Royale: the remakes that outshine the originals|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/aug/20/the-best-remakes-that-are-better-than-the-original-films|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> whiles in 2024, ''Variety'' rankit it fift on thair "50 Mucklest Romantic Film o Aw Time" leet.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Debruge|first=Peter|date=2024-02-13|title=The 50 Greatest Romantic Movies of All Time|url=https://variety.com/lists/best-romantic-movies/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2023, filmmaker [[Denis Villeneuve]] cited it as amang his favorite films.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zilko|first=Zack Sharf,Alison Foreman,Christian|date=2023-02-26|title=Denis Villeneuve’s Favorite Movies: 29 Films the Director Wants You to See|url=https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/denis-villeneuve-favorite-movies/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[IndieWire]]|language=en-US}}</ref> === Tap ten leet === ''A Star Is Born'' wis leetit on mony creetics' tap ten leet fur 2018, amang thaim:<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dietz|first=Jason|date=2018-12-05|title=Best of 2018: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|language=en|work=[[Metacritic]]|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2018|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-06|archive-date=2019-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921061859/https://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2018}}</ref> * 1st – Chris Wasser, ''[[Irish Independent]]'' * 1st – Harry Fletcher, ''[[The Standard (Lunnon newspaper)|London Evening Standard]]'' * 1st – Tom Gliatto, ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' * 1st – [[Owen Gleiberman]], ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' * 2nd – ''Complex'' * 2nd – [[Frank Scheck]], ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' * 2nd – [[Peter Bradshaw]], ''[[The Guardian]]'' * 2nd – Johnny Oleksinski, ''[[New York Post]]'' * 2nd – ''[[The New Zealand Herald]]'' * 2nd – [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' * 2nd – Brian Truitt, ''[[USA Today]]'' * 2nd – Peter Debruge, ''Variety'' * 3rd – [[Christopher Orr (film creetic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]'' * 3rd – Robbie Collin, ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' * 4t – David Sims, ''The Atlantic'' * 4t – ''[[Uproxx]]'' * 6t – Lindsey Bahr, ''[[Associated Press]]'' * 6t – [[Richard Roeper]], ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' * 6t – Pete Hammond, ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' * 6t – Matthew Jacobs, ''[[HuffPost]]'' * 6t – Olly Richards, ''[[NME]]'' * 6t – Quinn Hough, ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' * 7t – ''[[The Independent]]'' * 7t – Sam C. Mac, ''[[Slant Magazine|Slant]]'' * 7t – [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' * 8t – ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' * 8t – Sheila O'Malley, ''RogerEbert.com'' * 8t – [[Richard Lawson (writer)|Richard Lawson]], ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' * 9t – Noel Murray, ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' * 9t – Mike Scott, ''[[The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate|The Times-Picayune]]'' * 10t – Jon Frosch, ''The Hollywood Reporter'' * 10t – [[Christy Lemire]], ''RogerEbert.com'' * 10t – [[Emily Yoshida]], ''[[New York (magazine)|Vulture]]'' * Tap 10 (leetit alphabetically, nae rankit) – ''[[IGN]]'' * Tap 10 (leetit alphabetically, nae rankit) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' * Tap 10 (leetit alphabetically, nae rankit) – [[NPR]] * Tap 10 (leetit alphabetically, nae rankit) – [[Nell Minow]], ''RogerEbert.com'' * Tap 10 (leetit alphabetically, nae rankit) – [[Dana Stevens (creetic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' * Tap 10 (leetit alphabetically, nae rankit) – [[Giles Hattersley]], [[British Vogue|British ''Vogue'']] * Tap 10 (leetit alphabetically, nae rankit) – [[Joe Morgenstern]], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' === Accolades === The film haes wan a nummer o awairds an nominations. It wis chuisen bi baith the [[National Board of Review Awairds 2018|National Board of Review]] an [[American Film Institute Awairds|American Film Institute]] as ane o the Tap 10 Film o 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2018-11-27|title=National Board of Review Announces 2018 Award Winners|url=https://nationalboardofreview.org/2018/11/national-board-review-announces-2018-award-winners/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[National Board of Review]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Preston|first=Neal|date=2018-12-04|title=‘A Star is Born,’ ‘Black Panther’ Among AFI Awards Honorees|url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/tv-film/a-star-is-born-black-panther-2019-afi-awards-honorees-8488611/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> The film received five nominations at the [[76t Gowden Globes|76t Gowden Globe Awairds]], includin [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Motion Pictur – Drama|Best Motion Pictur – Drama]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2018-12-06|title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2019-1203082075/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> an aicht nominations at the [[91st Academy Awairds]], includin [[Academy Awaird fur Best Pictur|Best Pictur]], winnin [[Academy Awaird fur Best Oreeginal Sang|Best Oreeginal Sang]] fur "Shallow".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hughes|first=Hilary|date=2019-01-22|title=Lady Gaga Nominated For Best Actress and Best Song Oscars at the 2019 Academy Awards|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/lady-gaga-2019-oscar-nominations-best-actress-best-song-a-star-is-born-8494302/|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> == In popular cultur == The "ALLY" billboard, featured baith in the mercatin campaign fur ''A Star Is Born'' an in a scene set on Los Angeles' [[Sunset Boulevard]], wis later parodied bi the American comedian [[Amy Schumer]], wha recreatit the neon-coloured design wi her awn likeness an the name "AMY" tae promote [[Amy Schumer: Growing|her Netflix special]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aquilina|first=Tyler|date=2019-02-19|title=Amy Schumer spoofs 'Ally' billboard from A Star Is Born|url=https://ew.com/tv/2019/02/19/amy-schumer-star-is-born-ally-billboard/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|language=en}}</ref> == See an aw == * [[Leet o directorial debuts]] * [[Leet o films featurin the deaf an hard o hearin]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== {{sister project links|d=Q3286391|q=A Star Is Born (2018 film)|c=category:A Star Is Born (2018 film)|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} * {{Offeecial wabsteid|https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/a-star-is-born}} * {{IMDb title|1517451}} * {{Metacritic film}} * {{Mojo title|astarisborn2018}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|a_star_is_born_2018}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Star Is Born, A (2018 film)}} [[Category:2018 films]] [[Category:2018 directorial debut films]] [[Category:2018 romantic drama films]] [[Category:2018 American films]] [[Category:2018 Inglis-leid films]] [[Category:2010s muisical drama films]] [[Category:2010s romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Remaks o American films]] [[Category:American muisical drama films]] [[Category:American romantic drama films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]] [[Category:Cross-dressin in American films]] [[Category:Cultural depictions o Alec Baldwin]] [[Category:Films aboot brithers]] [[Category:Films aboot alcoholism]] [[Category:Films aboot substance abuise]] [[Category:Films aboot muisic an muisickers]] [[Category:Films directit bi Bradley Cooper]] [[Category:Films produced bi Bradley Cooper]] [[Category:Films produced bi Jon Peters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Todd Phillips]] [[Category:Films set in Arizona]] [[Category:Films set in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films wi screenpleys bi Eric Roth]] [[Category:American IMAX films]] [[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films]] [[Category:Muisical film remaks]] [[Category:Warner Bros. films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid romantic drama films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Inglis-leid muisical drama films]] [[Category:2018 muisical films]] 6cavpqteglogt2doluvs4js5k2xl2zd 0 233923 923039 921472 2026-09-23T03:47:45Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer|name=Bill Aitken|image=Bill Aitken 2012.JPG|image_size=250px|caption=Aitken at his Mussoorie hame, 2012|birth_date={{birth date|1934|5|31||df=y}}|birth_place=Tullibody, Scotland|death_date={{death date and age|2025|4|16|1934|5|31|df=y}}|death_place=[[Dehradun]], Uttarakhand, India|occupation=Traiveller, screiver|nationality={{ubl|British (1934–1972)|Indian (1972–2025)}}|period=1975–2025|movement=|signature=|website=}} '''William McKay Aitken''' (31 May 1934 – 16 April 2025) wis a British-born Indian traivel screiver an muntain enthusiast.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2015|title=Bill Aitken|url=http://www.mussooriewriters.com/2012/05/25/bill-aitken/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416213159/http://www.mussooriewriters.com/2012/05/25/bill-aitken/|archive-date=16 April 2015|publisher=Mussoorie Writers}}</ref><ref name="ToI">{{Cite web|last=Pandey|first=Maneesh|date=28 July 2001|title=Rail tourism needs to be put on track|url=http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/251215166.cms|access-date=16 July 2008|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He wis the owthor o a feck o beuks anent Indie, its bens, watters an steam trains.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Accidental Expatriate|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?230659|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-date=2013-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512185102/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?230659|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:20t-century Breetish writers]] [[Category:Scots traivel writers]] [[Category:Fowk frae Stirlin]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:1934 births]] [[Category:Airticles wi hCards]] [[Category:Indie]] 782iufvybrp2nvfmep87tvboolnpz3v 0 234051 923046 922960 2026-09-23T04:55:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Camille Lou | image = Camille Lou NRJ Music Awards 2013.jpg | caption = Lou at the 2013 [[NRJ Muisic Awaird]]s | birth_name = Camille Houssière | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|05|22}} | birth_place = [[Maubeuge]], Fraunce | occupation = {{hlist|Sangster|actress}} | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop rock]]|[[Pop fowk|pop fowk]]|[[Muisical theatre|muisical]]|''[[Chanson|chanson]]''|[[Pop muisic|pop]]}} | years_active = 2010–present }} }} '''Camille Houssière''' (born 22 Mey 1992), kent professionally as '''Camille Lou''', is a French sangster an actress. She is kent fur her roles in muisicals, includin ''[[1789: Les Amants de la Bastille]]'' in the role o Olympe, an ''[[La Légende du roi Arthur]]'' in the role o Reine Guenièvre. == Early life == Camille Lou wis born 22 Mey 1992 in [[Maubeuge]]. Her faither wis a sangster an guitarist fur a baund cried Paradoxe, sicwice she an her twa aulder sisters wur exposed tae muisic at a yung age, ilk later learnin tae pley an instrument. Camille pleyed the violin. At the age o twal, she wan a local singin competeetion, ''les Voix de Noël'' ("Christmas vyces"), in [[Hautmont]]. She attendit Notre-Dame de Grâce Heich Schuil in Maubeuge. Efter haein got her baccalaureate<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2015|title=Camille Lou intègre 1789, Les amants de La Bastille|url=http://www.quai-baco.com/camille-lou-integre-1789-les-amants-de-la-bastille/|url-status=dead|access-date=21 September 2026|website=Quai Baco|language=fr-FR|archive-date=2015-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215225808/http://www.quai-baco.com/camille-lou-integre-1789-les-amants-de-la-bastille/}}</ref> she attendit the [[Polytechnic Varsity o Hauts-de-France|Varsity o Valenciennes]] tae study law. == Career == === Solo career === In Januar 2010, wi the help o her guitar teacher at the time, Camille begoud her solo career unner the pseudonym Jimmie. She begoud tae sing an completit her furst album ''La Grande Aventure'', in pop-fowk style. She makkit mony appearances unner her pseudonym, merkitly fur her wirk on [[Cœur de pirate]]'s album in Mairch 2010. On 15 September 2017, she lowsed the single "Self Control". === Muisicals === Bein freends wi sangsters [[Nuno Resende]] an [[Merwan Rim]], she wis encouragit bi the latter tae sing in front o [[Dove Attia]], a muisical producer wi wham Resende an Rim haed baith wirkit on ''Mozart, l'opéra rock''. Whiles attendin a Parisian restaurant ane forenicht, Camille an her faimily bi chynce wur thair at the same time as muisical producer Dove Attia an sangsters frae ''Mozart, l'opéra rock''. Camille wis encouragit bi Rim tae sing ''Falling Slowly'' frae the film ''[[Once (film)|Once]]'' in front o Attia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 Mey 2015|title=Biographie. Camille Lou|url=http://www.nrj12.fr/la-chaine-4207/acteurs-actrices-3539/artiste/fiche/36884-camille-lou.html|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2026|website=[[NRJ 12]]|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Maugre Camille haein wee prior experience in muisical theatre, Attia wis impressed an inveetit Camille tae audeetion fur his nixt muisical. She sang a collection o sangs frae ''Mozart, l'opéra rock'' amang ithers an finally in 2011, she wan the role o Olympe, servant o [[Marie Antoinette]] in the muisical ''[[1789: Les Amants de la Bastille]]''. Camille starned in the role fur twa rins o the shaw at the [[Dôme de Paris|Palais des Sports]] in Paris as weel as the 2012 tour athort the kintra. [[File:Camille lou amant3.jpg|thumb|Camille Lou wi [[Louis Delort]] in ''[[1789: Les Amants de la Bastille]]'']] In 2014, [[Dove Attia]] proponed the role o [[Guinevere|Guenièvre]] (Guinivere) tae Camille in his new muisical, ''[[La Légende du roi Arthur]]'', forby featurin [[Florent Mothe]]'s [[Keeng Arthur|Arthur]] an [[Zaho]]'s [[Morgan le Fay|Morgane]] (Morgana).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=27 October 2014|title=La légende du roi Arthur|url=https://www.telestar.fr/people/la-legende-du-roi-arthur-dove-attia-devoile-le-casting-de-sa-nouvelle-comed-51843|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2026|website=Télé Star|language=fr-FR}}</ref> The muisical wis furst performit on 17 September 2015 at [[Palais des congrès de Paris]] an tourt Fraunce in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2014|title=Clip de "Mon combat (Tir Nam Beo)" : Florent Mothe et Zaho dans "La légende du Roi Arthur"|url=https://www.chartsinfrance.net/actualite/news-94148.html|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2026|website=chartsinfrance.net}}</ref> Camille appears in her role in muisic videos fur "Mon combat (Tir Nam Beo)", "Quelque chose de magique", an "Auprès d'un autre" (the latter forby featurs peaks at the activity ahint the scenes). == Ither projecks == In December 2014, she recordit a sang fur the album ''We Love Disney'' wi [[Garou (sangster)|Garou]], a kiver o the sang "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney sang)|Beauty and the Beast]]" frae the Disney film o the same name. She pairticipatit in the album ''[[Forever Gentlemen|Forever Gentlemen Volume 2]]'' singin a kiver o "La soleil de ma vie" wi [[Amir Haddad|Amir]]. She wis featurt in a photaeshuit fur [[Tara Jarmon]] an aa. Follaein ''[[1789: Les Amants de la Bastille]]'', she becam dedicatit tae her solo projecks but forby equally tae her baund componed o five sangsters that performit in ''Les Chansons d'abord'' at the side o [[Natasha St-Pier]], braidcast ilk Sunday at 5&#x20;pm on France 3. Camille wis cast as Hélène Barignet in Emmanuel Fricero's film ''Marché noir''. In 2016, she teuk pairt in saison 7 o the French version o ''[[Dancing with the Stars]]'' pairtnered wi Grégoire Lyonnet,<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 October 2016|title=VIDÉO - Caroline Receveur, Camille Lou et Florent Mothe impressionnent|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/medias-people/videos-danse-avec-les-stars-caroline-receveur-camille-lou-et-florent-mothe-impressionnent-des-le-premier-prime-7785308228|url-status=live|access-date=21 September 2026|website=RTL|language=fr-FR}}</ref> finishin in seicont place. ==Danse avec les stars== In 2016, she pairticipatit in the seivent saison o ''[[Danse avec les stars saison 7|Danse avec les stars]]'' – the French version o [[Dancing with the Stars.|''Dancing with the Stars''.]] She wis pairtnered wi professional dancer Grégoire Lyonnet. On 16 December 2016, durin the final, thay duin rinners-up tae {{Interlanguage link multi|Laurent Maistret|fr|3=Laurent Maistret|lt=Laurent Maistret}} an his pairtner Denitsa Ikonomova bi gettin 46% o the votes. In week 3, the public gie a note tae ilk couples. {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:Center; background:#ccc; background:#ccc;" | rowspan="2"|'''Week''' | rowspan="2"|'''Dancin style''' | rowspan="2"|'''Muisic''' | colspan="4"|'''Judge pynts''' | rowspan="2"|'''Tot''' | rowspan="2"|'''Rankin''' | rowspan="2"|'''Result''' |- style="text-align:center; background:#ccc; background:#ccc;" | style="width:10%; "|[[Fauve Hautot]] | style="width:10%; "|[[Jean-Marc Généreux]] | style="width:10%; "|[[Marie-Claude Pietragalla]] | style="width:10%; "|Chris Marques |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | |1 | |[[Rhumba|Rumba]] |''[[Purple Rain (sang)|Purple Rain]]'' - [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] Ft [[The Revolution (baund)|The Revolution]] | |8 | |7 | |8 | |8 | |31/40 | |2=/11 | |Nae eliminations |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | |2 | rowspan="2"|[[Samba (ballroom dance)|Samba]] | rowspan="2"|''[[Bootylicious]]'' - [[Destiny's Child]] | rowspan="2"|7 | rowspan="2"|5 | rowspan="2"|8 | rowspan="2"|8 | |28/40 | |7=/11 | rowspan="2"|Sauf |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | |1 + 2 | |59/80 | |5/11 |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | |3 | |[[Contemporar dance]] (+9/10) |''Iron'' - [[Woodkid]] | |9 | |7 | |8 | |8 | |41/50 | |2/10 | |Sauf |- | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|4 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|[[Charleston (dance)|Charleston]] Cha-Cha-Cha Relay (+40 Pynts) | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|''[[I Got a Woman]]'' - [[Ray Charles]] (Remix Rudedog) ''Medley'' - [[Boney M]] | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|10 + 8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|10 + 8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|8 + 7 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|108/125 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|2/9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Sauf |- | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|5 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|[[Tango]] | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|[[Santa María (Del Buen Ayre)]] - [[Gotan Project]] | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|N/A | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|10 + 9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|8 + 8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|52/60 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|2/8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Sauf |-style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | 6 | [[Cha-cha-cha (dance)|Cha-Cha-Cha]] Raised dance (+0 pynts) | ''[[I Follow Rivers]]'' - [[Lykke Li]] ''[[Murder on the Dancefloor]]'' - [[Sophie Ellis-Bextor]] | 8 + 7 | 8 + 7 | 9 + 8 | 7 + 6 | 60/90 | 6/7 | Bottom 2 (later sauf) |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" |- | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|7 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|[[Jive (dance)|Jive]] Jazz Broadway | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|''[[Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go]]'' - [[Wham!]] ''[[My Heart Belongs to Daddy]]'' - [[Marilyn Monroe]] | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|10 + 9 10 + 9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 7 9 + 9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|10 + 9 10 + 9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|8 + 7 9 + 8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|142/160 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|1/6 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Sauf |- | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|[[Rhumba|Rumba]] (in trio wi [[Alizée]]) [[Waltz]] | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|''Ma Benz'' - [[Brigitte (duo)|Brigitte]] ''[[Je vole]]'' - [[Louane Emera]] | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 9 10 + 10 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 9 10 + 8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 9 9 + 9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 9 9 + 9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|146/160 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|1/5 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Sauf |- | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|[[Paso Doble]] (in trio wi [[Jean-Marc Généreux]]) [[Quickstep (dance)|Quickstep]] [[Jive (dance)|Jive]] (face tae face) | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|''[[Requiem (Verdi)|Requiem]]'' - [[Giuseppe Verdi]] ''[[Candyman (Christina Aguilera sang)|Candyman]]'' - [[Christina Aguilera]] ''[[Great Balls of Fire]]'' - [[Jerry Lee Lewis]] | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|10 + 9 10 + 9 N/A | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|N/A 10 + 10 N/A | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|10 + 9 9 + 9 N/A | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|9 + 9 9 + 9 N/A | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|131/140 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|1=/4 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Bottom 2 (sauf wi 58%) |-style="text-align:center; background:silver;" | |10 | |[[Slowfox|Foxtrot]] Jazz Broadway Freestyle | |''[[Life on Mars (sang)|Life on Mars]]'' - [[David Bowie]] ''[[My Heart Belongs to Daddy]]'' - [[Marilyn Monroe]] ''[[Wings (Birdy sang)|Wings]]'' - [[Birdy (singer)|Birdy]] | |10 + 9 10 + 10 N/A | |10 + 9 10 + 10 N/A | |9 + 9 10 + 9 N/A | |9 + 9 10 + 9 N/A | |152/160 | |1=/3 | |Rinners-up (wi 46%) |- |} == Filmography == ===Televeesion=== * 2018-2020 : ''Les Bracelets rouges ([[:fr:Les Bracelets rouges (série télévisée française)|fr]])'' - Aurore (12 episode) * 2018 : ''Maman a tort ([[:fr:Maman a tort (série télévisée)|fr]])'' - Angélique "Angie" Fontaine (6 episode) * 2019 : ''[[Le Bazar de la Charité]]'' - Alice de Jeansin (8 episode) * 2021-2023 : ''Je te promets ([[:fr:Je te promets (série télévisée)|fr]])'', French remak o US TV series [[This Is Us]] - Florence Gallo (32 episode) * 2021 : ''J'ai menti'' - Audrey Barreyre (6 episode) * 2021 : ''[[Christmas Flow]]'' - Mel (3 episode) * 2022 : ''[[Women at War (TV series)|Women at War]]'' - Suzanne Faure (8 episode) * 2024 : ''[[Cat's Eyes (TV series)|Cat's Eyes]]'' - Tamara Chamade * 2024 : [[Anthracite (TV series)|Anthracite]] (Limitit series) - Giovanna DeLuca (6 episode) ===Film=== * 2012 : ''[[1789: Les Amants de la Bastille]]'' (Filmin o the stage muisical) - Olympe du Puget, govreness tae [[Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France|Louis Joseph]], [[Dauphin o Fraunce]] * 2015 : ''[[La Légende du roi Arthur]]'' (Filmin o the stage muisical) - Queen [[Guinevere]] * 2019 : ''Jusqu'ici tout va bien ([[:fr:Jusqu'ici tout va bien (film)|fr]])'' - Élodie * 2020 : ''Play ([[:fr:Play (film, 2019)|fr]])'' - Fanny * 2021 : ''[[Spoiled Brats]] ([[:fr:Pourris gâtés|fr]])'' - Stella Bartek * 2023 : ''Our Tiny Little Wedding ([[:fr:Notre tout petit petit mariage|fr]])'' - Lou * 2023 : ''[[Open Season (2023 film)|Open Season]]'' - Adélaïde * 2025 : ''Natacha, air hostess'' ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremmit airtins == *{{twitter|camillelou_off}} *{{IMDb name|7079050}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Camille Lou}} [[Category:1992 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Pop rock sangsters]] [[Category:French muisical theatre actresses]] [[Category:French wummen pop sangsters|Lou, Camille]] [[Category:French fowk-pop sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century French wummen sangsters]] [[Category:Fowk frae Maubeuge]] 55muilnurigl7lmq3j2fhc5rnkdqhwy