Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1563 923738 923459 2026-09-29T16:04:45Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=December 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Lunnon | image_skyline = London collage.jpg | imagesize = 270px | image_caption = Frae upper left: [[Ceety o Lunnon]], [[Tower Bridge]] an [[Lunnon Eye]], [[Palace o Wastmeenster]] | image_map = London (European Parliament constituency).svg | mapsize = 180px | map_caption = [[Greater Lunnon|Lunnon region]] in the Unitit Kinrick |settlement_type = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign states|Sovereign state]] | subdivision_name = [[Unitit Kinrick]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|Kintra]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Ingland]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Regions o Ingland|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Greater Lunnon|Lunnon]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial coonties]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Ceety o Lunnon|Ceety]] an [[Greater Lunnon]] | subdivision_type4 = [[Destricts o England|Destricts]] | subdivision_name4 = [[Ceety o Lunnon|Ceety]] an [[Lunnon burgh|32 burghs]] | seat_type = Heidquairters | seat = [[City Hall (Lunnon)|City Hall]] | leader_title = Regional authority | leader_name = [[Greater Lunnon Authority]] | leader_title1 = [[Regional assembly (Ingland)|Regional assembly]] | leader_name1 = [[Lunnon Assembly]] | leader_title2 = [[Mayor o Lunnon]] | leader_name2 = [[Sadiq Khan]] | leader_title3 = [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|UK Pairlament]]<br />*Lunnon&nbsp;Assembly<br />*[[European Pairlament]] | leader_name3 = [[Leet o Pairlamentary constituencies in Lunnon|74 constituencies]]<br />[[Lunnon Assembly constituencies|14 constituencies]]<br />[[Lunnon (European Parliament constituency)|Lunnon constituency]] | established_title = Settled bi [[Roman Empire|Romans]] | established_date = as [[Roman Lunnon|Londinium]], c. 43 AD | aurie_magnitude = | aurie_total_sq_mi = 607 | population_as_of = | population_footnotes =<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/mro/news-release/census-result-shows-increase-in-population-of-london-as-it-tops-8-million/censuslondonnr0712.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-18 |archive-date=2015-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019123117/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/mro/news-release/census-result-shows-increase-in-population-of-london-as-it-tops-8-million/censuslondonnr0712.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | total_type = Lunnon | population_as_o = 2015 | population_footnotes = <ref name=gla-pop-2015>{{cite web|title=Population Growth in London, 1939–2015|url=http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/population-change-1939-2015/resource/0a026346-960e-49e6-b968-a386d2cfe55f|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219160246/http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/population-change-1939-2015/resource/0a026346-960e-49e6-b968-a386d2cfe55f|archive-date=2015-02-19|website=London Datastore|publisher=Greater London Authority|accessdate=7 July 2015|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> | population_total = 8,630,000 | population_density_km2 = 5,490 | population_blank1_title = [[Greater Lunnon Biggit-up Area|Urban]] | population_blank1 = 9,787,426 | population_blank2_title = [[Lunnon metropolitan area|Metro]] | population_blank2 = 13,879,757 | population_demonym = Lunnoner {{Collapsible list | title = Ethnic groups | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; <!--NOTICE: This will hide the borders and make rows closer (padding)--> | list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | 1 = '''59.8% [[White fowk|White]]''' | 2 = 44.9% [[White Breetish]] | 3 = 2.2% [[Erse migration tae Great Breetain|White Erse]] | 4 = 12.7% [[Ither White]] | 5 = &nbsp; | 6 = '''5% [[Mixed (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)|Mixed]]''' | 7 = 1.5% [[Mixed (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)#Mixed Black Caribbean an White|Black Caribbean & White]] | 8 = 0.8% [[Mixed (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)#Mixed Black Caribbean an White|Black African & White]] | 9 = 1.2% [[Mixed (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)#Mixed South Asian an White|Sooth Asie & White]] | 10 = 1.5% [[Mixed (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)|Ither mixed]] | 11 = &nbsp; | 12 = '''16.9% [[Breetish Asie|Sooth Asie]]''' | 13 = 6.6% [[Breetish Indie|Indie]] | 14 = 2.7% [[Breetish Pakistanis|Pakistani]] | 15 = 2.7% [[Breetish Bangladeshi|Bangladeshi]] | 16 = 4.9% [[Breetish Asiae|Ither Sooth Asie]] | 17 = &nbsp; | 18 = '''13.3% [[Black Breetish|Black]]''' | 19 = 7% [[Black Breetish|Black African]] | 20 = 4.2% [[Breetish African-Caribbean commonty|Black Caribbean]] | 21 = 2.1% [[Ither Black (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)|Ither Black]] | 22 = &nbsp; | 23 = '''4.9% [[East Asies in the Unitit Kinrick|East Asie]] [[Classification o ethnicity in the Unitit Kinrick|or Ither]]''' | 24 = 1.5% [[Breetish Cheenese|Chinese]] | 25 = 3.4% [[Classification o ethnicity in the Unitit Kinrick|Ither]] | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archivedate = 19 May 2011}} | timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | utc_offset = ±0 | timezone_DST = [[Bretish Simmer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | coordinates = {{coord|51|30|26|N|0|7|39|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes =<ref name = Elevation>{{Cite journal |url = http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title = London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher = The Weather Underground, Inc. |accessdate = 6 June 2008 |format = online |ref = harv |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7?url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |archivedate = 2011-05-19 |journal = |url-status = live }}</ref> | elevation_m = 24 | postcode_type = [[Postcodes in the Unitit Kinrick|Postcode areas]] | postcode = {{postcode|E}}, {{postcode|EC}}, {{postcode|N}}, {{postcode|NW}}, {{postcode|SE}}, {{postcode|SW}}, {{postcode|W}}, {{postcode|WC}}, {{postcode|BR}}, {{postcode|CM}}, {{postcode|CR}}, {{postcode|DA}}, {{postcode|EN}}, {{postcode|HA}}, {{postcode|IG}}, {{postcode|KT}}, {{postcode|RM}}, {{postcode|SM}}, {{postcode|TN}}, {{postcode|TW}}, {{postcode|UB}}, {{postcode|WD}} | aurie_code = [[Leet o telephone exchynges in Lunnon|020, 01322, 01689, 01708, 01737, 01895, 01923, 01959, 01992]] | wabsteid = [http://www.london.gov.uk/ london.gov.uk] }} '''Lunnon''' ({{IPA-sco|ˈlʌnən|}}; {{lang-en|London}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/london?showCookiePolicy=true|title=London|accessdate=23 September 2014|publisher=Collins Dictionary|date=n.d.}}</ref>, {{IPA-endia|ˈlʌndən|}}) is the caipital an maist populous ceety o [[Ingland]] an the [[Unitit Kinrick]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html|title=The World Factbook|date=1 February 2014|work=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=23 February 2014|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065049/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Staunin on the [[River Thames]], Lunnon haes been a major dounset for twa millennia, [[History o Lunnon|its history]] that gangs back tae its foundin bi the [[Roman Empire|Romans]], wha named it ''[[Londinium]]''.<ref name=Lunnon_001>{{cite web |url= http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Permanent/RomanLondon.htm |date= n.d. |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080622181424/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Permanent/RomanLondon.htm |title= Roman London |publisher= [[Museum o Lunnon]] |archivedate= 2008-06-22 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= live }}</ref> Lunnon's auncient core, the [[Ceety o Lunnon]], lairgely retains its {{convert|1.12|sqmi|adj=on}} [[Middle Ages|medieval]] boundaries an in 2011 haed a resident population o 7,375, makin it the smawest [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]] in Ingland. Syne the 19t century or mair, the term ''Lunnon'' haes referred tae the metropolis developed aroond this core an aa.<ref name="mills_140">{{Harvnb|Mills|2001|p=140}}</ref> The bulk o this [[conurbation]] forms the [[Greater Lunnon]] [[Metropolitan an non-metropolitan coonties o Ingland|admeenistrative area]] (coterminous wi the Lunnon [[regions o England|region]]),<ref name="region">{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/gol/factgol/London/?a=42496|title=Government Offices for the English Regions, Fact Files: London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=4 May 2008|archive-date=2008-01-24|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080124102915/http://www.gos.gov.uk/gol/factgol/London/?a=42496|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="elcock">{{Cite book |last= Elcock |first=Howard |title=Local Government: Policy and Management in Local Authorities |url= https://archive.org/details/localgovernmentp0000elco |publisher=Routledge |location= Lunnon |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-415-10167-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/localgovernmentp0000elco/page/n368 368]|ref=harv}}</ref><ref group="note">See an aa: [[Independent ceety#National capitals|Independent ceety § National capitals]].</ref> govrened bi the [[Mayor o Lunnon]] an the [[Lunnon Assembly]].<ref name="politics_uk">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Bill |author2=Kavanagh, Dennis|author3=Moran, Michael|author4=Norton, Philip |title=Politics UK |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsuk0000unse |publisher=Pearson Education |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4058-2411-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/politicsuk0000unse/page/868 868] |ref=harv |location=Harlow}}</ref><ref group="note">The Lunnon Mayor isnae tae be confused wi the [[Lord Mayor o Lunnon]] wha heids the [[City o Lunnon Corporation]], that administers the ceety o Lunnon.</ref> Lunnon is a leadin [[global ceety]],<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/shortcuts/2013/mar/10/london-capital-of-world-divorce-breakfast |title= London: the everything capital of the world |work=[[The Guardian]] |author= Adewunmi, Bim |date=10 March 2013 |location =Lunnon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://moreintelligentlife.co.uk/content/ideas/john-parker/what-capital-world?page=full |title= What's The Capital Of The World? |publisher= More Intelligent Life |accessdate= 4 July 2013 |archive-date= 2013-09-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130922132807/http://moreintelligentlife.co.uk/content/ideas/john-parker/what-capital-world?page=full |url-status= dead }}</ref> wi strenths in the arts, commerce, eddication, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research an development, tourism, an transport aw contributing tae its prominence.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.forbes.com/pictures/edgl45ghmd/no-1-london |title= The World's Most Influential Cities 2014 |accessdate= 2 March 2015 |publisher= Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/gpci/index_e.html |title= Global Power City Index 2014 |accessdate= 2 March 2015 |publisher= Institute for Urban Strategies&nbsp;– The Mori Memorial Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-is-the-most-desirable-city-in-the-world-to-work-in-study-finds-9779868.html |title= London is 'the most desirable city in the world tae work in', study finds |accessdate= 2 March 2015 |publisher= The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2014/20141218london-leads-the-uk-for-worldclass-research |title= London leads the UK for world-class research |accessdate= 2 March 2015 |publisher= Lunnon & Partners |archive-date= 2019-04-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190401181841/https://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2014/20141218london-leads-the-uk-for-worldclass-research |url-status= dead }}</ref> It is ane o the warld's leadin [[financial centre]]s<ref name="Mastercard">{{cite web |url= http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf |title= Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index 2008 |publisher=Mastercard}}</ref><ref name="Global Financial Centres 10">{{cite web |url=http://zyen.com/PDF/GFCI%2010.pdf |title=Global Financial Centres 9 |publisher=[[Z/Yen]] |year=2011 |access-date=2015-06-04 |archive-date=2011-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008222617/http://zyen.com/PDF/GFCI%2010.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="forbes.com">{{cite news |url= http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/15/economic-growth-gdp-biz-cx_jz_0715powercities.html |title= World's Most Economically Powerful Cities |work= Forbes |location= New York |date= 15 July 2008 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0LhcwS?url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/15/economic-growth-gdp-biz-cx_jz_0715powercities.html |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= live }}</ref> an haes the [[Leet o ceeties by GDP|fift-or saxt-lairgest metropolitan area GDP in the warld]] dependin on measurement.<ref group="note">Rankings o ceeties by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result o differences in the definition o the boundaries an population sizes o the areas compared, exchange rate fluctuations an the method uised tae calculate throu-pit. Lunnon an [[Paris]] are o about similar size in terms o total economic throu-pit that can result in third party sources varyin as tae whit ane o thaim is defined as haein the fifth- an sixth-lairgest ceety GDP in the warld. A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimatit that Lunnon had a ceety GDP o US$751.8 billion in 2010, compared tae US$764.2 billion for Paris, makkin thaim respectively the saxt- an fift-mucklemaist in the warld. A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimatit that Lunnon haed a ceety GDP measured in purchasing power parity o US$565 billion in 2008, compared tae US$564 billion for Paris, makkin thaim respectively the fift- an saxt-mucklemaist in the warld. The McKinsey Global Institute study uised a metropolitan area wi a population o 14.9 million for Lunnon compared tae 11.8 million for Paris, while the PricewaterhouseCoopers study uised a metropolitan area wi a population o 8.59 million for Lunnon compared tae 9.92 million for Paris.</ref><ref name=forpolgdp>{{cite news |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/13/the_most_dynamic_cities_of_2025 |title=The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025 |accessdate=28 September 2012 |work=Foreign Policy |date=September–October 2012 |archive-date=2012-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104144609/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/13/the_most_dynamic_cities_of_2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Global ceety GDP rankings 2008-2025">{{cite web |url=http://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/Media-Library/Global-city-GDP-rankings-2008-2025-61a.aspx |title=Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025 |publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers |accessdate=16 November 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0M2ast?url=http://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/Media-Library/Global-city-GDP-rankings-2008-2025-61a.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lunnon is a warld cultural caipital.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/london-capital-of-the-world-766661.html |location=Lunnon |work=The Independent |first=Simon |last=Calder |date=22 December 2007 |title=London, capital of the world}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23389580-london-is-the-world-capital-of-the-21st-century-says-new-york.do |author= Teodorczuk, Tom |title= London is the world capital of the 21st century&nbsp;... says New York |work= Lunnon Evening Standard |date= 20 March 2007 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |archive-date= 2009-11-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091125151618/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23389580-london-is-the-world-capital-of-the-21st-century-says-new-york.do |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2008/culturecapital.aspx |title=London is world capital of culture says LSE expert |publisher=Lunnon School o Economics |date=11 March 2008 |access-date=2015-06-04 |archive-date=2011-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118132607/http://www2.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2008/culturecapital.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/get-involved/consultations/current-consultations/cultural-strategy |title=Cultural Strategy |publisher=Greater Lunnon Authority |date=6 September 2010 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209210256/http://www.london.gov.uk/get-involved/consultations/current-consultations/cultural-strategy |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the warld's maist-visitit ceety as measured by international arrivals<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/london-tops-ranking-of-destination-cities-2291794.html |title= London tops ranking of destination cities |accessdate=12 June 2012 |newspaper =The Independent |location =Lunnon |date=1 June 2011}}</ref> an haes the [[World's busiest ceety airport systems by passenger traffic|warld's lairgest ceety airport system]] measured bi passenger traffic.<ref name=capa1>{{cite web |url= http://www.centreforaviation.com/analysis/beijing-to-overtake-london-as-worlds-largest-aviation-hub-massive-new-airport-planned-58776 |title= Beijing tae overtake london as world's largest aviation hub |accessdate=12 June 2012 |publisher=Centre for Aviation}}</ref> Lunnon's 43 varsities form the lairgest concentration o higher education institutes in Europe.<ref name="Lunnon2">{{cite press release |date=20 August 2008 |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/media/press_releases_mayoral/number-international-students-london-continues-grow |title=Number of international students in London continues tae grow |publisher=Greater Lunnon Authority |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0OvJq8?url=http://www.london.gov.uk/media/press_releases_mayoral/number-international-students-london-continues-grow |archivedate=2011-05-19 |access-date=2015-06-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In [[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012]], Lunnon became the first ceety tae host the modren [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] three times.<ref name=IOC>{{cite web |url= http://www.olympic.org/media?calendartab=1&articleid=52922 |title=IOC elects London as the Host City of the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012 |date=6 July 2005 |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |accessdate=3 June 2006}}</ref> Lunnon haes a diverse range o fowk an culturs, an mair nor 300 leids is spoken wiin Greater Lunnon.<ref name=Lunnon_006>{{cite web |url= http://www.cilt.org.uk/faqs/langspoken.htm |title= Languages spoken in the UK population |publisher= National Centre for Language |accessdate= 6 June 2008 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0PFX8H?url=http://www.cilt.org.uk/faqs/langspoken.htm |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The [[Greater Lunnon Authority]] estimatit its population tae be 8.63 million in 2015,<ref name=gla-pop-2015/> the lairgest o ony [[lairgest ceeties o the European Union by population wiin ceety limits|municipality in the European Union]],<ref name="lairgest_city_eu">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=384 |title=Largest EU City. Over 7&nbsp;million residents in 2001 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=28 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5Qd8V9JhM?url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=384 |archivedate=2007-07-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> an accoonting for 12.5 percent o the UK population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.london.gov.uk/datastore/applications/focus-london-population-and-migration |title=Focus on London&nbsp;– Population and Migration &#124; London DataStore |publisher=Greater Lunnon Authority |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=2010-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016225915/http://data.london.gov.uk/datastore/applications/focus-london-population-and-migration |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Greater Lunnon Urban area|Lunnon's urban area]] is the seicont [[lairgest urban areas o the European Union|maist populous in the EU]], efter [[Paris]], wi 9,787,426 indwallers accordin tae the 2011 census.<ref name="urbanpopulation">{{cite web | url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx|title=2011 Census – Built-up areas| publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] | accessdate=29 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Lunnon metropolitan area|ceety's metropolitan area]] is the ane o the [[Leet o metropolitan areas in Europe|maist populous in Europe]] wi 13,614,409 indwallers,{{refn|According tae the [[Eurostat|European Statistical Agency]], Lunnon has the lairgest [[lairger Urban Zones|lairger Urban Zone]] that uises [[conurbation]]s an areas o heich population as its definition. A [[lairgest ceeties o the European Union by population wiin ceety limits|ranking o population]] wiin municipal boundaries places Lunnon first. Houaniver, the [[University o Avignon]] in France claims that Paris is first an Lunnon second whan includin the hale urban areaan [[hinterland]], that is the [[lairgest urban areas o the European Union|outlying ceeties as well]].|group=note}}<ref name="appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu show">{{cite web |url= http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=met_pjanaggr3&lang=en |title= Metropolitan Area Populations |publisher=Eurostat |date=30 August 2012 |accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref> while the [[Greater Lunnon Authority]] pits the population o Lunnon metropolitan region at 21 million.<ref>[http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/introduction/positioning.jsp The London Plan – Introduction – Positioning London] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407025007/http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/introduction/positioning.jsp |date=2014-04-07 }}. Greater Lunnon Authority. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</ref> Lunnon wis the [[warld's lairgest ceeties|warld's maist populous ceety]] frae aroond 1831 tae 1925.<ref name=Lunnon_030>{{cite web |url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/i-m/london4.html |title=London: The greatest city |publisher=Channel 4 |accessdate=12 October 2008 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0g3KOn?url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/i-m/london4.html |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lunnon conteens fower [[Warld Heritage Steid]]s: the [[Touer o Lunnon]]; [[Kew Gardens]]; the site comprisin the [[Pailace o Wastmeenster]], [[Westminster Abbey]], an [[St Margaret's, Westminster|St Margaret's Kirk]]; an the historic dounset o [[Greenwich]] (in whilk the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich]] marks the [[Prime Meridian]], 0° [[langitude]], an [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]).<ref name=Lunnon_005>{{cite web |url= http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gb|title=Lists: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |accessdate=26 November 2008}}</ref> Ither famous laundmerks include [[Buckingham Palace]], the [[Lunnon Ee]], [[Piccadilly Circus]], [[St Paul's Cathedral]], [[Tower Bridge]], [[Trafalgar squerr]], an [[The Shard]]. Lunnon is home tae numerous [[Leet o museums in Lunnon|museums]], galleries, libraries, [[Sport in Lunnon|sporting events]] an ither cultural institutions, includin the [[British Museum]], [[National Gallery]], [[Tate Modern]], [[British Library]] an 40 [[West End theatre|West End]] theatres.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/index.php?pg=207&story=E8821201275286&title=West+End+Must+Innovate+to+Renovate%2C+Says+Report |title=West End Must Innovate tae Renovate, Says Report |accessdate=15 November 2010 |work=What's On Stage |date=25 January 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0S4x3M?url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/index.php?pg=207 |archivedate=2011-05-19 |location=Lunnon |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Lunnon Unnergrund]] is the auldest unnerground railway network in the warld.<ref name=Metro150>{{cite news |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-20641351 |title=Oyster card celebrates 150th Tube anniversary |work=BBC News |date=10 December 2012 |accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="railwaygazette.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/shanghai-now-the-worlds-longest-metro.html |title=Shanghai now the world's longest metro |date=4 May 2010 |work=[[Railway Gazette International]] |accessdate=4 May 2010 |location=Lunnon |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0Tj3yO?url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/shanghai-now-the-worlds-longest-metro.html |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> == History == ===Toponymy=== [[File:London Thames Sunset panorama - Feb 2008.jpg|thumb|300px|The name ''Lunnon'' mey derive frae the [[River Thames]]]] The [[etymology o Lunnon|etymology o ''Lunnon'']] is uncertain.<ref name="mills_139">{{Harvnb|Mills|2001|p=139}}</ref> It is an auncient name, foond in soorces frae the 2nt century. It is recorded c. 121 as ''[[Londinium]]'', that pynts tae [[Romano-British]] origin.<ref name="mills_139"/> The earliest attemptit explanation, nou disregarded, is attributit tae [[Geoffrey o Monmouth]] in ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]''.<ref name="mills_139"/> This haed it that the name originatit frae a supposed [[Lud son o Heli|Keeng Lud]], wha haed allegedly takken ower the ceety an named it ''Kaerlud''.<ref name=Lunnon_009>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/02/books/chapters/02-1st-ackro.html?ex=1225339200&en=b9c2c11ad6e1f435&ei=5070&pagewanted=3|title=London|last=Ackroyd|first=Peter|work=The New York Times |accessdate=28 October 2008 | date=2 December 2001|isbn=978-0-7011-7279-4}}</ref> Frae 1898, it wis commonly acceptit that the name wis o [[Celts|Celtic]] origin an meant ''place belangin tae a man cawed *Londinos''; this explication haes syne been rejeckit.<ref name="mills_139"/> [[Richard Coates]] pit forrit an explication in 1998 that it is derived frae the pre-Celtic [[Auld European hydronymy|Auld European]] ''*(p)lowonida'', meanin 'burn ower wide for tae ford', an suggestit that this wis a name gien tae the pairt o the [[River Thames]] that rins throu Lunnon; frae this, the dounset gained the Celtic form o its name, ''*Lowonidonjon'';<ref name=coates>{{Cite journal|last=Coates|first=Richard|year=1998|title=A new explanation of the name of London|journal=Transactions o the Philological Society|volume=96|issue=2|pages=203–229|url=http://www.doi.org/10.1111/1467-968X.00027|doi=10.1111/1467-968X.00027|ref=harv|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0UqnAy?url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-968X.00027|archivedate=2011-05-19|access-date=2019-10-24|url-status=live}}</ref> this requires quite a serious amendment houiver. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form ''Londinium'' wi the modren Welsh ''Llundain'', that should demand a form ''*(h)lōndinion'' (as opposed tae *londīnion), frae earlier ''*loundiniom''. The possibility canna be ruled oot that the Welsh name wis borrowed back in frae Inglis at a later date, an for that raison canna be uised as a basis frae that tae reconstruct the oreeginal name. Til 1889, the name "Lunnon" offeecially anerly applee'd tae the [[Ceety o Lunnon]] but syne then it haes referred tae the [[Coonty o Lunnon]], an nou [[Greater Lunnon]] an aa.<ref name="mills_140"/> ===Prehistory=== Twa recent discoveries indicate probable vera auld settlements near the Thames in the Lunnon area. In 1999, the remains o a [[Bronze Age]] bridge war foond on the foreshore north o [[Vauxhall Bridge]].<ref name="Denison">{{cite journal|last=Denison|first=Simon|title=First 'London Bridge' in River Thames at Vauxhall|journal=British Archaeology|date=July 1999|issue=46|url=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba46/ba46news.html|accessdate=15 April 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0WdLQ0?url=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba46/ba46news.html|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> This brig aither gaed athort the Thames, or gaed tae a nou lost island in the burn. Dendrology datit the timbers tae 1500 BC.<ref name="Denison"/> In 2010 the foundations o a lairge timmer structur, datit tae 4500 BC, war foond on the Thames foreshore, sooth o Vauxhall Bridge.<ref name="Milne">{{cite web|last=Milne|first=Gustav|title=London's Oldest Foreshore Structure!|url=http://www.thamesdiscovery.org/frog-blog/london-s-oldest-find-discovered-at-vauxhall|work=Frog Blog|publisher=Thames Discovery Programme|accessdate=15 April 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0WtZpl?url=http://www.thamesdiscovery.org/frog-blog/london-s-oldest-find-discovered-at-vauxhall|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The function o the mesolithic structur is nae kent. Baith structures are on South Bank, at a naitural crossin pynt whaur the [[River Effra]] flows intae the River Thames.<ref name="Milne"/> ===Roman Lunnon=== [[File:Map of London, 1300.svg|thumb|In 1300, the [[Ceety o Lunnon|Ceety]] wis still confined wiin the [[Lunnon Waw|Roman walls]].]] Tho thare is evidence o scattered [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic]] settlements in the area, the first major dounset wis foondit bi the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] efter the invasion o 43&nbsp;AD.<ref name="roman">{{Cite book |title=Roman London |last=Perring |first=Dominic |year=1991 |publisher=Routledge |location=Lunnon |isbn=978-0-203-23133-3|page=1 |ref=harv }}</ref> This anerly lastit til aroond 61, whan the [[Iceni]] tribe led bi [[Boudica|Queen Boudica]] stormed it, burning it tae the grund.<ref name=Lunnon_010>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/romanbritain_timeline_noflash.shtml|title=British History Timeline&nbsp;—Roman Britain|publisher=BBC|accessdate=7 June 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0V1GXn?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/romanbritain_timeline_noflash.shtml|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The next, heivy planned, incarnation o Londinium prospered an superseded [[Colchester]] as the caipital o the [[Roman Britain|Roman province]] o [[Britannia]] in 100. At its hicht in the 2nt century, Roman Lunnon haed a population o aroond 60,000. ===Anglo-Saxon Lunnon (an Viking period)=== Wi the collapse o Roman rule in the early 5t century, Lunnon ceased tae be a caipital an the walled ceety o Londinium wis effectively abandoned, awtho Roman civilisation continued in the [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]] area until aroond 450.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Past/MissingLink/Themes/TML_themes_Londinium.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108092449/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Past/MissingLink/Themes/TML_themes_Londinium.htm|archivedate=2009-01-08|publisher=Museum o Lunnon|title=The last days of Londinium|accessdate=31 March 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Frae aroond 500, an [[Anglo-Saxon]] dounset kent as [[Anglo-Saxon Lunnon|Lundenwic]] developed in the same area, slichtly tae the wast o the auld Roman ceety.<ref name=Lunnon_011>{{cite web |url= http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Past/MissingLink/Themes/TML_themes_Lundenwic.htm |title= The early years of Lundenwic |publisher= The [[Museum o Lunnon]] |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080610043903/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Past/MissingLink/Themes/TML_themes_Lundenwic.htm |archivedate= 2008-06-10 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= live }}</ref> By aboot 680, it haed revived sufficiently tae become a major port, awtho thare is little evidence o lairge-scale production o goods. Frae the 820s the toun declined acause o repeatit [[Viking]] invasions. Thare three recordit Viking assaults on Lunnon; twa o whilk wis wun tae in 851 an 886 AD, tho thay war defeatit in the attack o 994 AD.<ref name="Viking Attacks">{{cite web|url=https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/viking_attacklist.html?showall=1|title=Viking Attacks|publisher=web.cn.edu/kwheeler/|accessdate=24 August 2014}}</ref> [[File:Siege of London (MS 1168).jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Hoose o Lancaster|Lancastrian]] siege o Lunnon in 1471 is attacked by a [[Hoose o York|Yorkist]] sally.]] The Vikings established [[Denlaw]] ower a fair feck o the eastren an northren pairt o Ingland wi its mairch gaun frae aboot Lunnon tae [[Chester]]. It wis an area o political an geographical control imposed bi the Viking incursions that wis formally agreed tae bi the [[Dens fowk|Dens]] [[warlord]], [[Guthrum]] an wast-[[Saxon]] [[keeng]], [[Alfred the Great]] in 886 AD. Denlaw lastit in mony pairts o Ingland for centuries tae come. The ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' recordit that Lunnon wis "refounded" by [[Alfred the Great]] in 886. Archaeological research shows that this involved abandonment o Lundenwic an a revival o life an tred wiin the auld Roman walls. Lunnon then grew slowly until aboot 950, efter whilk activity increased dramatically.<ref name="blackwell">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Vince|first= Alan|year=2001|title=London|encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopedia o Anglo-Saxon England |publisher= Blackwell |isbn=978-0-631-22492-1}}</ref> Bi the 11t century, Lunnon wis ayont aw comparison the lairgest toun in Ingland. [[Wastmeenster Abbey]], rebiggit in the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style by King [[Edward the Confessor]], wis ane o the grandest kirks in Europe. [[Winchester]] haed aforehaun been the caipital o Anglo-Saxon Ingland, but frae this time on, Lunnon becam the main forum for furren traders an the base for defence in time o war. In the view o [[Frank Stenton]]: "It had the resources, an it was rapidly developing the dignity an the political self-consciousness appropriate tae a national capital."<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Frank Stenton|last=Stenton|first= Frank|year=1971|title=Anglo-Saxon England|url=https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonenglan0000sten|pages=[https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonenglan0000sten/page/538 538]–539|publisher= Oxford University Press|edition=3rd|isbn=978-0-19-280139-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Blair |first= John |year=2001|title=Westminster|encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopedia o Anglo-Saxon England|publisher= Blackwell |isbn=978-0-631-22492-1}}</ref> ===Middle Ages=== [[File:Westminster Abbey by Canaletto, 1749.jpg|thumb|left|[[Wastmeenster Abbey]], as seen in this pentin (Canaletto, 1749), is a [[World Heritage Site]] an ane o Lunnon's auldest an maist important biggins]] Follaein his victory in the [[Battle o Hastings]], [[William the Conqueror|William, Duke o Normandy]], wis crowned [[Keeng o Ingland]] in the newly finished Wastmeenster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066.<ref name=Lunnon_015>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/1066_06.shtml|title=History&nbsp;– 1066&nbsp;– King William|publisher=BBC|accessdate=5 May 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0Yen4R?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/1066_06.shtml|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> William biggit the [[Touer o Lunnon]], the first o the mony Norman castles in Ingland tae be rebuilt in stone, in the sootheastren corner o the ceety, tae intimidate the native indwallers.<ref name=Lunnon_016>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/architecture_02.shtml|title=A History of British Architecture&nbsp;— White Tower|last=Tinniswood|first=Adrian|authorlink=Adrian Tinniswood|publisher=BBC|accessdate=5 May 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0ZWxtH?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/architecture_02.shtml|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1097, [[William II o Ingland|William II]] began the biggin o [[Wastmeenster Hall]], close bi the abbey o the same name. The hall becam the basis o a new [[Pailace o Wastmeenster]].<ref name=Lunnon_017>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/building.cfm|title=UK Parliament&nbsp;— Parliament: The building|date=9 November 2007|publisher=UK Parliament|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311032051/http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/building.cfm|archivedate=2008-03-11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_018>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/parliament/guide/palace.htm|title=Palace of Westminster|publisher=UK Parliament|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404171249/http://www.parliament.uk/parliament/guide/palace.htm|archivedate=2008-04-04|url-status=live}}</ref> During the 12t century, the institutions o central government, whilk haed hitherto accompanied the ryal Inglis court as it moved aroond the kintra, grew in size an sophistication an becam increasingly fixed in ane place. In maist cases this wis Wastmeenster, awtho the ryal treasury, haein been moved frae Winchester, came tae rest in the Tower. While the [[Ceety o Wastmeenster]] developed intae a true caipital in governmental terms, its distinct neighbour, the ceety o Lunnon, remained Ingland's lairgest ceety an principal commercial centre, an it flourished unner its ain unique admeenistration, the [[Ceety o Lunnonn Corporation|Corporation o Lunnon]]. In 1100, its population wis aroond 18,000; by 1300 it haed grown tae nearly 100,000.<ref name=Lunnon_019>{{Cite book|last=Schofield|first=John|last2=Vince|first2=Alan|author2-link=Alan Vince|title=Medieval Towns: The Archaeology of British Towns in Their European Setting|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8264-6002-8|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Qu7QLC7g7VgC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=london+population+1100+-+1300|page=26|ref=harv}}</ref> Disaster struck during the [[Black Death]] in the mid-14t century, when Lunnon lost nearly a third o its population.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/black_01.shtml |title=Black Death |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0ZmE6P?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/black_01.shtml |archivedate=2011-05-19 |publisher=BBC History |accessdate=3 November 2008 |ref=harv |journal= |url-status=live }}</ref> Lunnon wis the focus o the [[Peasants' Revolt]] in 1381.<ref name=Lunnon_020>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/richard_ii_king.shtml|title=Richard II (1367–1400)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=12 October 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0aYnXz?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/richard_ii_king.shtml|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Air modren=== [[File:Great Fire London.jpg|thumb|The [[Great Fire o Lunnon]] destroyed mony pairts o the ceety in 1666.]] [[File:London - John Norden's map of 1593.jpg|thumb|Cairt o Lunnon in 1593. Thare is anly ane bridge athort the Thames, but pairts o Southwark on the sooth bank o the river hae been developed.]] During the [[Tudor period]] the [[Inglis Reformation|Reformation]] produced a gradual shift tae Protestantism, wi much o Lunnon passin frae kirk tae private ainership.<ref name=pevsner>[[Nikolaus Pevsner|Pevsner, Nikolaus]]. ''Lunnon I: The ceeties o Lunnon an Westminster'' rev. edition, 1962. Introduction p. 48.</ref> The traffic in [[woollen]] cloths shipped undyed an undressed frae Lunnon tae the nearby shores o the [[Law Kintras]] whaur it wis considered indispensable.<ref>J. G. Pounds (1976). "An Historical Geography o Europe 450 B.C.-A.D. 1330, Part 1330". p. 430. CUP Archive,</ref> But the tentacles o English maritime enterprise hardly extendit beyond the seas o north-wast Europe. The commercial route tae [[Italy]] an the [[Mediterranean Sea]] normally lay throu [[Antwerp]] an ower the [[Alps]]; ony ships passing throu the [[Strait o Gibraltar]] tae or frae England war likely tae be Italian or [[Dubrovnik|Ragusan]]. Upon the re-openin o the [[Netherlands]] tae English shipping in Januar 1565 thare at ance ensued a strang outburst o commercial activity.<ref>Ramsay, George Daniel (1986). The Queen's Merchants an the Revolt o the Netherlands: The End o the Antwerp Mart. Volume 2, pp. 1 an 62–63. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-1849-7</ref> The [[Royal Exchange, Lunnon|Royal Exchange]] wis foondit.<ref>The life an times o Sir Thomas Gresham, founner o the Royal Exchange: including notices o many o his contemporaries. wi illustrations, Volume 2, pages&nbsp;80–81, John William Burgon, E. Wilson, 1839.</ref> [[Mercantilism]] grew an monopoly trading companies sic as the [[East Indie Company]] war established, wi tred expanding tae the [[New World]]. Lunnon becam the principal [[North Sea]] port, wi migrants arrivin frae England an abroad. The population rose frae an estimatit 50,000 in 1530 tae aboot 225,000 in 1605.<ref name=pevsner/> In the 16t century, [[William Shakespeare]] an his contemporaries lived in Lunnon at a time o hostility tae the development o the [[Elizabethan theatre|theatre]]. By the end o the Tudor period in 1603, Lunnon wis still vera compact. Thare wis an assassination attempt on [[James I o England|James I]] in Westminster, throu the [[Gunpowder Plot]] on 5 November 1605.<ref name=Lunnon_023>{{Cite book |title=James I |url=https://archive.org/details/jamesi0000durs |last=Durston |first=Christopher|year=1993 |publisher=Routledge |location=Lunnon |isbn=978-0-415-07779-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jamesi0000durs/page/59 59] |ref=harv }}</ref> Lunnon wis [[Bubonic plague|plagued]] by disease in the early 17t century,<ref name=Lunnon_024>{{cite web |url=http://urbanrim.org.uk/plague%20list.htm |title=A List of National Epidemics of Plague in England 1348–1665 |publisher=Urban Rim |date=4 December 2009 |accessdate=3 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5gVUqcycW?url=http://urbanrim.org.uk/plague%20list.htm |archivedate=2009-05-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> culminatin in the [[Great Plague o Lunnon|Great Plague]] o 1665–1666, whilk killt up tae 100,000 bodies, or a fift o the population.<ref name=Lunnon_025>{{cite web |url= http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/story.html |title= Story of the plague |publisher= Channel 4 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0bPVKk?url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/story.html |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= live }}</ref> The [[Great Fire o Lunnon]] broke oot in 1666 in Pudding Lane in the ceety an quickly swept throu the widden biggins.<ref name="Samuel Pepys' Diary">{{Cite book | last = Pepys | first = Samuel | authorlink = Samuel Pepys | title = The Diary of Samuel Pepys | volume = 45: August/September 1666 | date = 2 September 1666 | origyear = 1893 | editor = [[Mynors Bright]] (decipherer) | editor2 = [[Henry B. Wheatley]] | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4167/pg4167.html | ref = harv | isbn = 978-0-520-22167-3 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0bzHYi?url=http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4167/pg4167.html | archivedate = 2011-05-19 | access-date = 2015-06-04 | url-status = live }}</ref> Rebiggin teuk ower ten year an wis supervised by [[Robert Hooke]]<ref name=Lunnon_026>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/after_fire_02.shtml |title=London After the Great Fire: Civil War and Revolution |author=Schofield, John |date=17 February 2011 |publisher=BBC History |accessdate=4 July 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0ckJxq?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/after_fire_02.shtml |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_027>{{cite web |url= http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Special/LondonsBurning/Themes/1405/ |title= Rebuilding after the fire |publisher= Museum o Lunnon |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080201204641/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Special/LondonsBurning/Themes/1405/ |archivedate= 2008-02-01 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_028>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=jX8ZAAAAIAAJ&q=rebuilding+of+london&dq=rebuilding+of+london|title=The Rebuilding of London After the Great Fire|publisher=Thomas Fiddian|year=1940|accessdate=27 April 2008}}</ref> as Surveyor o Lunnon.<ref name=Lunnon_029>The curious life o Robert Hooke, the man who measured Lunnon by Lisa Jardine</ref> In 1708 [[Christopher Wren]]'s masterpiece, [[St Paul's Cathedral]] wis completit. During the [[Georgian era]] new destricts sic as [[Mayfair]] war formed in the wast; an new brigs ower the Thames encouraged development in [[South Lunnon]]. In the east, the [[Port o Lunnon]] expanded downstream. In 1762, [[George III o Great Britain|George III]] acquired [[Buckingham Palace|Buckingham House]] an it wis enlairged ower the next 75 year. During the 18t century, Lunnon wis dogged by crime an the [[Bow Street Runners]] war established in 1750 as a professional police force.<ref>"[http://www.pbs.org/kqed/demonbarber/madding/thieftaker.html Thief Taker, Constable, Police]". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).</ref> In tot, mair nor 200 offences war punishable by death,<ref>{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=Peter |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8181192.stm |title=Rough justice&nbsp;– Victorian style |work=BBC News |date=3 August 2009 |accessdate=13 December 2011}}</ref> includin petty theft.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,894775,00.html |title=National Affairs: Capital punishment: a fading practice |work=Time |location=New York |date=21 March 1960 |accessdate=13 December 2011 |archive-date=2011-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011174652/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,894775,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most childer born in the ceety died afore reakin thair third birthday.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/foundling_01.shtml |title=The Foundling Hospital |publisher=BBC History |date=17 February 2011 |accessdate=13 December 2011}}</ref> The [[coffeehouse]] became a popular place tae debate ideas, wi growin [[literacy]] an the development o the [[prentin press]] makkin news widely available; an [[Fleet Street]] became the centre o the British press. Accordin tae Samuel Johnson: {{quote|Ye cannae fin a man, at aw intellectual, wha is willin tae leave Lunnon. Naw, Sir, whan a man is fauchelt Lunnon, he is tired o life; for there in Lunnon aw that life can afford.|[[Samuel Johnson]], 1777<ref name=Lunnon_022>{{cite web |url= http://www.samueljohnson.com/tiredlon.html |title= When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life: Samuel Johnson |ref= harv |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150522151652/http://www.samueljohnson.com/tiredlon.html |archivedate= 2015-05-22 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= dead }}</ref>}} ===Late modren an contemporary=== [[File:British recruits August 1914 Q53234.jpg|thumb|British volunteer recruits in Lunnon, August 1914]] [[File:LondonBombedWWII full.jpg|thumb|A bombed-oot Lunnon street during [[the Blitz]] o the Seicont World War]] Lunnon wis the warld's [[Leet o lairgest ceeties throughout history|lairgest ceety frae aboot 1831 tae 1925]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/i-m/london4.html |title=London: The greatest city |publisher=Channel 4 |accessdate=12 October 2008 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0g3KOn?url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/i-m/london4.html |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lunnon's overcrowded conditions led tae [[cholera]] epidemics,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/themes/publichealth/cholera.aspx |title=Hidden extras: cholera comes tae Victorian London |publisher=The Science Museum |location=Lunnon |accessdate=13 December 2011 |archive-date=2011-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213064834/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/themes/publichealth/cholera.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> claimin 14,000 lifes in 1848, an 6,000 in 1866.<ref>{{cite web |author= Brown, Robert W. |url= http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/london_19c.html |title= London in the Nineteenth Century |publisher= University o North Carolina at Pembroke |accessdate= 13 December 2011 |archive-date= 2011-12-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111230164544/http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/london_19c.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> risin [[traffic congestion]] led tae the creation o the warld's first local urban rail network. The [[Metropolitan Board o Works]] oversaw infrastructure expansion in the caipital an some surroondin counties; it wis abolished in 1889 when the [[Lunnon County cooncil]] wis creatit oot o those areas o the counties surroondin the caipital. [[German strategic bombin during World War I|Lunnon wis bombed bi the Germans during the First World War]] while during the Seicont World War [[the Blitz]] an ither bombin bi the German ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' killed ower 30,000 Lunnoners an destroyed lairge tracts o housing an ither biggins athort the ceety. Immediately efter the war, the [[1948 Simmer Olympics]] war held at the oreeginal [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], at a time when Lunnon haed barely recovered frae the war. In 1951, the [[Festeeval o Britain]] wis held on the [[Sooth Bank]]. The [[Great Smog]] o 1952 led tae the [[Clean Air Act 1956]], that endit the "[[pea soup fog]]s" for whilk Lunnon haed been notorious. Frae the 1940s onwart, Lunnon became hame tae numerous [[immigrants]], lairgely frae [[Commonweel o Nations|Commonweel]] countries lik [[Jamaica]], Indie, [[Bangladesh]] an [[Pakistan]], makkin Lunnon ane o the maist diverse ceeties in Europe. [[File:London Thames (1930).jpg|thumb|left|A view frae Victoria Touer, in late 1920s.]] Primarily stairtin in the mid-1960s, Lunnon becam a centre for the warldwide [[youth cultur]], exemplified bi the [[Swinging Lunnon]] subculture associatit wi the [[Keeng's Road]], [[Chelsea, Lunnon|Chelsea]] an [[Carnaby Street]]. The role o trendsetter wis revived in the [[punk rock|punk]] era. In 1965 Lunnon's political boundaries wis expandit tae tak intae accoont the growthe o the urban area an a new [[Greater Lunnon cooncil]] wis creatit. Throu [[The Troubles]] in Northren Ireland, Lunnon wis subjectit tae bombin attacks bi the [[Provisional IRA]]. Racial inequality wis hielichtit bi the [[1981 Brixton riot]]. Greater Lunnon's population declined steadily in the decades efter the Seicont World War, frae an estimatit peak o 8.6&nbsp;million in 1939 tae aroond 6.8&nbsp;million in the 1980s. The principal ports for Lunnon moved downstream tae [[Port o Felixstowe|Felixstowe]] an [[Port o Tilbury|Tilbury]], wi the [[Lunnon Docklands]] area becomin a focus for regeneration, includin the [[Canary Wharf]] development. This wis borne oot o Lunnon's ever-increasin role as a major international financial centre during the 1980s. The [[Thames Barrier]] wis completit in the 1980s tae pertect Lunnon against tidal surges frae the [[North Sea]]. The Greater Lunnon cooncil wis abolished in 1986, whilk left Lunnon as the anerly lairge metropolis in the warld wioot a central admeenistration. In 2000, Lunnon-wide govrenment wis restored, wi the creation o the [[Greater Lunnon Authority]]. tae celebrate the stairt o the 21st century, the [[Millennium Dome]], [[Lunnon Eye]] an [[Millennium Bridge (Lunnon)|Millennium Bridge]] war biggit. On 6 Julie 2005 Lunnon wis awairdit the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]], makkin Lunnon the first ceety tae stage the [[Olympic Gemmes]] three times.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/front_page/4655555.stm |title= London beats Paris tae 2012 Games |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 July 2005 |accessdate=28 September 2012}}</ref> The naxt day (7 Julie 2005) Lunnon's tube network wis hit bi major bomb attacks. In Februar 2015, Greater Lunnon's population wis estimatit tae be 8.6 million, the heichest level syne 1939.<ref>{{cite web|title = London's population hits 8.6m record high|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-31082941|website = BBC News|accessdate = 2015-05-21}}</ref> ==Government== {{Politics o Lunnon}} ===Local government=== {{Main|Local government in Lunnon|History o local government in Lunnon|Leet o heads o Lunnon government}} The admeenistration o Lunnon is formed o twa tiers—a ceety-wide, strategic tier an a local tier. ceety-wide admeenistration is coordinatit bi the [[Greater Lunnon Authority]] (GLA), while local admeenistration is carried oot by 33 smawer authorities.<ref name=Lunnon_032>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/|title=About the Greater London Authority|publisher=Lunnon Government|accessdate=27 September 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0hYGdz?url=http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> The GLA consists o twa electit components; the [[Mayor o Lunnon]], wha haes executive powers, an the [[Lunnon Assembly]], whilk scrutinises the mayor's decisions an can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals ilka year. The headquarters o the GLA is [[City Hall (Lunnon)|City Hall]], [[Southwark]]; the mayor is [[Sadiq Khan]]. The mayor's [[statutory planning]] strategy is published as the [[Lunnon Plan]], whilk daed it's maist recent revision in 2011.<ref name=Lunnon_plan>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planning/londonplan|title=The London Plan|publisher=Greater Lunnon Authority|accessdate=25 May 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67vG4jMg5?url=http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planning/londonplan|archivedate=2012-05-25|url-status=live}}</ref> The local authorities are the cooncils o the 32 [[Lunnon borough]]s an the [[City o Lunnon Corporation]].<ref name=Lunnon_035>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london/links.jsp|title=Links tae other websites&nbsp;— London boroughs|publisher=Lunnon Government|accessdate=27 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019055428/http://www.london.gov.uk/london/links.jsp|archivedate=2007-10-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thay are responsible for maist local services, sic as local planning, schuils, [[social work|social services]], local roads an refuse collection. Certaint functions, sic as [[Waste disposal authorities in Lunnon|waste management]], are providit throu jynt arrangements. In 2009–2010 the combined revenue expenditure by Lunnon cooncils an the GLA amountit tae juist ower £22 billion (£14.7 billion for the boroughs an £7.4 billion for the GLA).<ref>http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/pdf/1911067.pdf</ref> Policing in Greater Lunnon, except the [[City o Lunnon]], is providit bi the [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police Force]], overseen bi the Mayor throu the [[Mayor's Office for Policing an Crime]] (MOPAC).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/policing-crime/about-mopac |title= About MOPAC |publisher= Greater Lunnon Authority |accessdate= 4 May 2013 |archive-date= 2013-04-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130411075040/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/policing-crime/about-mopac |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://policeauthority.org/Metropolitan/ |title=MPA: Metropolitan Police Authority |publisher= Metropolitan Police Authority |date=22 May 2012 |accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref> The ceety o Lunnon haes its ain police force&nbsp;– the [[City o Lunnon Police]].<ref name="Policing">{{cite web |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/policing.jsp |title=Policing |publisher=Greater Lunnon Authority |accessdate=25 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121173357/http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/policing.jsp |archivedate=2008-01-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[British Transport Police]] are responsible for police services on [[National Rail]] an [[Lunnon Unnergrund]] services.<ref name="BTP">{{cite web |url= http://www.btp.police.uk/about_us/areas.aspx |title= Areas |publisher= British Transport Police |accessdate= 25 August 2009 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0hdc31?url=http://www.btp.police.uk/about_us/areas.aspx |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |url-status= live }}</ref> The [[Lunnon Fire Brigade]] is the [[statute|statutory]] [[Fire service in the UK|fire an rescue service]] for Greater Lunnon. It is run bi the [[Lunnon Fire an Emergency Planning Authority]] an is the third lairgest fire service in the warld.<ref name="LFB">{{cite web |url=http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/WhoWeAre.asp |title=Who we are |publisher=Lunnon Fire Brigade |accessdate=25 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0hzveR?url=http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/WhoWeAre.asp |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[National Health Service]] [[Emergency medical services|ambulance services]] are providit bi the [[Lunnon Ambulance Service|Lunnon Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust]], the lairgest free-at-the-pynt-o-uise emergency ambulance service in the warld.<ref name="LAS">{{cite web |url= http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/about_us.aspx |title= About us |publisher= Lunnon Ambulance Service NHS Trust |accessdate= 25 August 2009 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0iCW89?url=http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/about_us.aspx |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |url-status= live }}</ref> The [[Lunnon Air Ambulance]] charity operates in conjunction wi the LAS whaur required. [[Her Majesty's Coastguard]] an the [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] operate on the [[River Thames]],<ref name="Coastguard">{{cite web |url= http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga07-home/aboutus/mcga-online/mcga-sailing-cg66/dops_-_all-cg66-stationlist.htm |title= Station list |year= 2007 |publisher= Maritime an Coastguard Agency |accessdate= 25 August 2009 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0jzXE7?url=http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga07-home/aboutus/mcga-online/mcga-sailing-cg66/dops_-_all-cg66-stationlist.htm |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Lifeboat">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1739401.stm |title=Thames lifeboat service launched |date=2 January 2002 |work=BBC News |accessdate=25 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0kXnz9?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1739401.stm |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> whilk is unner the jurisdiction o the [[Port o Lunnon Authority]] frae [[Teddington Lock]] tae the sea.<ref name="portLunnonauthority">{{cite web |url=http://www.pla.co.uk/assets/Port_of_London_Act_1968__revised_.pdf |title=Port of London Act 1968 |accessdate=30 November 2013 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005959/http://www.pla.co.uk/assets/Port_of_London_Act_1968__revised_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===National government=== Lunnon is the seat o the [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick]]. Mony govrenment departments are based close tae the [[Pailace o Wastmeenster]], parteecularly alang [[Whitehall]], includin the [[Prime Minister o the Unitit Kinrick|Prime Minister's]] residence at [[10 Downing Street]].<ref name=Lunnon_036>{{cite web |url= http://www.number10.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080510193022/http://www.number10.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp |archivedate= 2008-05-10 |title= 10 Downing Street&nbsp;— Official Website |accessdate= 26 April 2008 |url-status= live }}</ref> The British Parliament is eften referred tae as the "Mother o Parliaments" (awtho this ''[[sobriquet]]'' wis first applied tae England itself by [[John Bright]])<ref name="Lunnon_037">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/96021.stm |publisher=BBC |accessdate=6 June 2008 |date=3 June 1998 |title=UK Politics: Talking Politics&nbsp;— The 'Mother of Parliaments' |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0l5vww?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/96021.stm |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> acause it haes been the model for maist ither [[parliamentary system]]s.<ref name="Lunnon_037"/> Thare are 73 Members o Parliament (MPs) frae Lunnon, who correspond tae local parliamentary [[Leet o Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Lunnon|constituencies]] in the national [[British House o Commons|Parliament]]. As o Juin 2017, 49 are frae the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], 21 are [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]], an 3 are [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]].<ref>{{cite web|title = General Election Results 2015|url = http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/general-election-results-2015|website = Lunnon DataStore|accessdate = 2015-05-10|publisher = [[Greater Lunnon Authority]]|date = 2015-05-08|archive-date = 2016-05-04|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160504063550/http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/general-election-results-2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> ==Geography== {{Main|Geography o Lunnon}} ===Scope=== [[File:London, United Kingdom.JPG|thumb|Satellite view o inner Lunnon]] [[Greater Lunnon]] is the tap-level administrative subdiveesion coverin Lunnon.<ref group="note">Greater Lunnon isnae a ceety in the sense that the word applies in the Unitit Kinrick, that o havin [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety status]] grantit by the Crown.</ref> The wee, ancient [[City o Lunnon]] at its core ance contained the hale dounset, but as the urban area grew the [[City o Lunnon Corporation|City Corporation]] resistit attemps tae amalgamate it wi its suburbs, causin "Lunnon" tae be defined in a nummer weys for different purposes.<ref name="chancery">{{Cite journal|author=Beavan,Charles|author2=Bickersteth, Harry|title=Reports of Cases in Chancery, Argued and Determined in the Rolls Court|publisher=Saunners an Benning|year=1865|url=http://books.google.com/?id=YFYDAAAAQAAJ|ref=harv}}</ref> Forty per cent o Greater Lunnon is covered bi the [[Lunnon postal destrict|Lunnon]] post toun, wiin whilk 'Lunnon' forms pairt o postal addresses.<ref name=Lunnon_042>{{Cite book|last=Stationery Office|title=The Inner London Letter Post|publisher=H.M.S.O|year=1980|isbn=978-0-10-251580-0|page=128|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name=map_post>{{Cite book|title=London Postcode and Administrative Boundaries|publisher=Geographers' A-Z Map Company|author=Geographers' A-Z Map Company|year=2008|edition=6|isbn=978-1-84348-592-6|ref=harv}}</ref> The Lunnon telephone [[area code]] (020) covers a lairger area, seemilar in size tae Greater Lunnon, awtho some outer destricts are omeetit an some places juist ootside are included. The Greater Lunnon boundary haes been [[Leet o Greater Lunnon boundary changes|aligned tae the M25 motorway]] in places.<ref name=Lunnon_044>{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si1993/Uksi_19930441_en_1.htm|title=The Essex, Greater London and Hertfordshire (County and London Borough Boundaries) Order|year=1993|publisher=Office o Public Sector Information|accessdate=6 June 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0lyLLA?url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si1993/Uksi_19930441_en_1.htm|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Outward urban expansion is nou preventit bi the [[Metropolitan Green Belt]],<ref name=Lunnon_040>{{Cite book|last=Dilys|first=M Hill|title=Urban Policy and Politics in Britain|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-312-22745-6|page=268|ref=harv}}</ref> awtho the biggit-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resultin in a separately defined [[Greater Lunnon Urban area]]. Beyond this is the vast [[Lunnon commuter belt]].<ref name=Lunnon_041>{{cite web |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/plansd/london_regional_200104.pdf |title=London in its Regional Setting |publisher=Lunnon Assembly |accessdate=6 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527193714/http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/plansd/london_regional_200104.pdf |archivedate=2008-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Greater Lunnon is split for some purposes intae [[Inner Lunnon]] an [[Outer Lunnon]].<ref name=Lunnon_045>{{cite book |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1963/cukpga_19630033_en_1 |title=London Government Act 1963 |publisher=Office o Public Sector Information |accessdate=6 May 2008 |isbn=978-0-16-053895-7 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0mVCtM?url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1963/cukpga_19630033_en_1 |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The ceety is split bi the River Thames intae [[North Lunnon|North]] an [[South Lunnon|South]], wi an informal [[central Lunnon]] area in its interior. The coordinates o the nominal centre o Lunnon, tradeetionally considered tae be the oreeginal [[Eleanor Cross]] at [[Charing Cross]] near the junction o [[Trafalgar squerr]] an [[Whitehall]], are approximately {{Coord|51|30|26|N|00|07|39|W|type:city(7,000,000)_region:GB}}.<ref name=Lunnon_039>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/08/15/charingcross_feature.shtml|title=London&nbsp;— Features&nbsp;— Where is the Centre of London?|publisher=BBC|accessdate=6 June 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msV6aAO0?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/08/15/charingcross_feature.shtml|archivedate=2010-01-18|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Status=== Athin Lunnon, baith the [[City o Lunnon]] an the [[City o Westminster]] hae [[City status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety status]] an baith the ceety o Lunnon an the remainder o Greater Lunnon is the [[Ceremonial counties o England|ceremonial counties]].<ref name=Lunnon_049>{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1997/ukpga_19970023_en_1|title=Lieutenancies Act 1997|publisher=OPSI|accessdate=7 June 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0mpHnm?url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1997/ukpga_19970023_en_1|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The area o [[Metropolitan an non-metropolitan counties o England#Greater Lunnon|Greater Lunnon]] haes incorporatit area that war ance pairt o the [[Historic counties o England|historic counties]] o [[Middlesex]], [[Kent]], [[Surrey]], [[Essex]] an [[Hertfordshire]].<ref name=Lunnon_050>{{Cite book|last=Barlow|first=I. M. |title=Metropolitan Government|url=https://archive.org/details/metropolitangove0000barl|year=1991|publisher=Routledge|page=[https://archive.org/details/metropolitangove0000barl/page/n363 346]|ref=harv}}</ref> Lunnon's status as the caipital o England, an later the Unitit Kinrick, haes never been grantit or confirmed offeecially—by [[statute]] or in written form.{{refn|According tae the ''Collins English Dictionary'' definition o 'the seat o government',<ref name=Lunnon_061>(1994) ''Collins English Dictionary'', Collins Education plc.</ref> Lunnon isnae the offeecial capital o England, as England disnae hae its ain government. Accordin tae the ''Oxford English Reference Dictionary'' definition o 'the maist important toun'<ref name=Lunnon_062>''Oxford English Reference Dictionary'', Oxford English.</ref> an mony ither authorities.<ref name=Lunnon_063>"HC 501 0304.PDF" (PDF). Parliament Publications</ref>|group=note}} Its poseetion wis formed throu [[constitutional convention (political custom)|constitutional convention]], makkin its status as ''de facto'' caipital a pairt o the [[Constitution o the Unitit Kinrick|UK's unwritten constitution]]. The caipital o Ingland wis moved tae Lunnon frae [[Winchester]] as the [[Pailace o Wastmeenster]] developed in the 12t an 13t centuries tae become the permanent location o the [[Noble court|royal court]], an sicweys the political caipital o the naition.<ref name=Lunnon_060>{{Cite journal |last=Schofield |first=John |date=June 1999 |title=British Archaeology |publisher=British Archaeology |issue=45 |issn=1357-4442 |url=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/BA/ba45/ba45regs.html |accessdate=6 May 2008 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0mw1Sn?url=http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba45/ba45regs.html |archivedate=2011-05-19 |journal= |url-status=live }}</ref> Mair recently, Greater Lunnon haes been defined as a [[Regions o England|region o England]] an in this context is kent as ''Lunnon''.<ref name=region/> ===Topography=== [[File:London in snow 2 February 2009 387.jpg|thumb|The [[Victoria Memorial, Lunnon|Victoria Memorial]] in the snow in 2009]] Greater Lunnon encompasses a tot area o {{convert|1583|km2|sqmi}}, an area that haed a population o 7,172,036 in 2001 an a population density o {{convert|4542|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}}. The extendit area kent as the Lunnon Metropolitan Region or the Lunnon Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a tot area o {{convert|8382|km2|sqmi}} haes a population o 13,709,000 an a population density o {{convert|1510|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/lu_pour_vous/les_grandes_metropol/downloadFile/attachedFile/metropolislondres.pdf?nocache=1254397828.63 |title=Metropolis: 027 London, World Association of the Major Metropolises |accessdate=3 May 2010 |archive-date=2011-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427084411/http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/lu_pour_vous/les_grandes_metropol/downloadFile/attachedFile/metropolislondres.pdf?nocache=1254397828.63 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Modern Lunnon stauns on the [[The burn the Thames|Thames]], its primary geographical featur, a [[Navigability|navigable]] river whilk crosses the ceety frae the sooth-wast tae the east. The [[Thames Valley]] is a [[floodplain]] surroondit by gently rolling hills includin [[Parliament Hill, Lunnon|Parliament Hill]], [[Addington Hills]], an [[Primrose Hill]]. The Thames wis ance a fair bit broader, shallaer burn wi extensive [[marsh]]lands; at heich tide, its shores reakit five times thair present width.<ref name=Lunnon_065>{{cite book |url= http://books.google.com/?id=M9qvtYYhRtAC&pg=PR11&dq=thames+%22iron+age%22+london+wide+geography+shallow+marsh |title=London: A History |first=Francis|last= Sheppard | page=10 |publisher= Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-285369-1 |accessdate=6 June 2008}}</ref> Syne the [[Victorian era]] the Thames haes been extensively [[Thames Embankment|embanked]], an mony o its Lunnon [[Tributaries o the River Thames|tributaries]] nou flow [[Subterranean rivers o Lunnon|unnerground]]. The Thames is a tidal river, an Lunnon is vulnerable tae flooding.<ref name=Lunnon_066>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/1190084/natural_forces/flooding/?version=1&lang=_e|title=Flooding|publisher=UK [[Environment Agency]]|accessdate=19 June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060215080725/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/1190084/natural_forces/flooding/?version=1&lang=_e|archivedate=2006-02-15|url-status=live}}</ref> The threat haes increased ower time acause o a slaw but continuous rise in [[Tide|heich watter]] level bi the slow 'tilting' o Britain (up in the north an doun in the sooth) caused by [[post-glacial rebound]].<ref name=Lunnon_067>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/1190084/natural_forces/sealevels/?version=1&lang=_e|title="Sea Levels"&nbsp;– UK Environment Agency|publisher=[[Environment Agency]]|accessdate=6 June 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523225152/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/1190084/natural_forces/sealevels/?version=1&lang=_e|archivedate=2008-05-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1974, a decade o work began on the construction o the [[Thames Barrier]] athort the Thames at [[Woolwich]] tae deal wi this threat. While the barrier is expectit tae function as designed til aboot 2070, concepts for its future enlairgement or redesign is awready bein discussed.<ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Adam|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/31/thames-flood-barrier-london|title=Thames Barrier gets extra time as London's main flood defence|work=The Guardian|location=UK|date=31 March 2009|accessdate=7 November 2009|ref=harv|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0n91QT?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/31/thames-flood-barrier-london|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Climate=== [[File:Summer Love of Russell Square.jpg|thumb|Average simmertime day temperatures range atween 22°C an 28°C. Awbesit uncommon, temperatures as heich as 40°C hae been recordit]] Lunnon haes a temperate [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb&#x202f;''), seemilar tae aw o soothren Britain. Maugre its reputation as bein a rainy ceety, Lunnon receives less precipitation ({{convert|601|mm|0|abbr=on}} in a year), than [[Roum]], [[Bordeaux]], [[Toulouse]], [[Naples]] an even [[Sydney]] in Australie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations|work=bom.gov.au}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldweather.org/176/c00604.htm |title=Weather Information for Naples |publisher=Worldweather.org |date=5 October 2006 |accessdate=4 May 2013 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105145214/http://www.worldweather.org/176/c00604.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.meteoam.it/modules.php?name=viewClinoFile&station=289&name_station=Napoli%20CapodichinoVisualizzazione tabella CLINO della stazione / CLINO Averages Listed for the station Napoli Capodichino]{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.theweathernetwork.com/ The Weather Network] 18 November 2011</ref><ref>[http://france.meteofrance.com/france/climat_france?CLIMAT_PORTLET.path=climatstationn%2F31069001 Prévisions météo de Météo-France – Climat en France] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517203416/http://france.meteofrance.com/france/climat_france?CLIMAT_PORTLET.path=climatstationn%2F31069001 |date=2016-05-17 }} 18 November 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.worldweather.org/062/c01058.htm World Weather Information Service – Toulouse] 18 November 2011</ref> Temperature extremes for aw sites in the Lunnon area range frae {{convert|40.2|°C|°F|1}} at [[Heathrow Airport]] during 19 Julie 2022 doun tae {{convert|-17.4|°C|°F|1}} at Northolt during 13 December 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.personal.dundee.ac.uk/~taharley/british_weather_in_january.htm|title=January 1962 weather|accessdate=18 September 2012|archive-date=2015-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903235843/https://www.personal.dundee.ac.uk/~taharley/british_weather_in_january.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1549448971676012546|user=metoffice|title=Here are the highest temperatures across the country today 👇 At least 34 sites have exceeded the UK's previous na…|date=19 Julie 2022}}</ref> Simmers are generally warm an whiles het, Lunnon's average Julie heich is {{convert|24|°C|°F|1}}. On average, Lunnon will see 31 days abuin {{convert|25|°C|°F|1}} ilka year, an 4.2 days abuin {{convert|30.0|°C|°F|1}} ilka year. Throu the [[2003 European heat wave]] thare war 14 consecutive days abuin {{convert|30|°C|°F|1}} an 2 consecutive days whaur temperatures reakit {{convert|38|°C|°F|1}}, leadin tae hunners o heat relatit daiths.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The impact of the 2003 heat wave on daily mortality in England and Wales and the use of rapid weekly mortality estimates|journal=Eurosurveillance|volume=10|issue=7|date=1 July 2005|first1=H|last1=Johnson|first2=RS|last2=Kovats|first3=G|last3=McGregor|first4=J|last4=Stedman|first5=M|last5=Gibbs|first6=H|last6=Walton6|url=http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=558}}</ref> Winters are generally cuil an damp wi little temperature variation. Snowfall daes occur frae time tae time, an can cause traivel disruption whan this happens. Spring an hairst are mixed seasons an can be leesome. As a lairge ceety, Lunnon haes a considerable [[urban heat island]] effect,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legacy.london.gov.uk/mayor/environment/climate-change/docs/UHI_summary_report.pdf|title=London's Urban Heat Island: A Summary for Decision Makers|publisher=Greater Lunnon Authority|date=October 2006|accessdate=29 April 2015|archive-date=2012-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816015955/http://legacy.london.gov.uk/mayor/environment/climate-change/docs/UHI_summary_report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> makkin the centre o Lunnon at times {{convert|5|C-change|0|}} warmer than the suburbs an outskirts. The effect o this can be seen ablo whan comparin Lunnon Heathrow that is locatit {{convert|24|km}} wast o Lunnon wi the Lunnon Weather Centre that is locatit in the centre o Lunnon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ever warmer as temperatures rival France|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1463994/Ever-warmer-as-temperatures-rival-France.html|publisher=Telegraph|date=16 May 2015}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Lunnon Heathrow 1981-2010 |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 17 |Feb record high C = 20 |Mar record high C = 24 |Apr record high C = 29 |May record high C = 33 |Jun record high C = 36 |Jul record high C = 37 |Aug record high C = 38 |Sep record high C = 35 |Oct record high C = 30 |Nov record high C = 21 |Dec record high C = 17 |year record high C = 38.1 |Jan high C = 8 |Feb high C = 8 |Mar high C = 11 |Apr high C = 14 |May high C = 18 |Jun high C = 21 |Jul high C = 24 |Aug high C = 23 |Sep high C = 20 |Oct high C = 16 |Nov high C = 11 |Dec high C = 8 |year high C = 15 |Jan low C = 2 |Feb low C = 2 |Mar low C = 4 |Apr low C = 6 |May low C = 9 |Jun low C = 12 |Jul low C = 14 |Aug low C = 14 |Sep low C = 11 |Oct low C = 8 |Nov low C = 5 |Dec low C = 3 |year low C = 8 |Jan record low C = -22 |Feb record low C = -10 |Mar record low C = -7 |Apr record low C = -4 |May record low C = 0 |Jun record low C = 3 |Jul record low C = 7 |Aug record low C = 7 |Sep record low C = 3 |Oct record low C = -5 |Nov record low C = -6 |Dec record low C = -12 |year record low C= -22 |Jan precipitation mm = 55.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 40.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 41.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 43.7 |May precipitation mm = 49.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 45.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 44.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 49.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 49.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 68.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 59.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 55.2 |year precipitation mm = 601.7 |Jan sun = 61.5 |Feb sun = 77.9 |Mar sun = 114.6 |Apr sun = 168.7 |May sun = 198.5 |Jun sun = 204.3 |Jul sun = 212.0 |Aug sun = 204.7 |Sep sun = 149.3 |Oct sun = 116.5 |Nov sun = 72.6 |Dec sun = 52.0 |year sun = 1632.6 |source 1= <ref name="UK Met Office" >{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcpsvf37b |title=London Heathrow Airport |publisher=Met Office |accessdate=17 September 2014 }}</ref> |source 2= <ref name="Britain's highest recorded temperatures for each day o the year">{{cite web |url=http://www.torro.org.uk/site/hightempsyear.php |title=British Weather Extremes: Daily Maximum Temperatures |publisher=Torro |accessdate=17 September 2014 |archive-date=2015-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824032720/http://www.torro.org.uk/site/hightempsyear.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} {{Weather box |location = Lunnon Weather Centre UHI |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 8.5 |Feb high C = 8.9 |Mar high C = 11.7 |Apr high C = 15.7 |May high C = 18.6 |Jun high C = 22.4 |Jul high C = 23.6 |Aug high C = 23.2 |Sep high C = 20.8 |Oct high C = 16.1 |Nov high C = 11.9 |Dec high C = 8.6 |year high C = 15.8 |Jan mean C = 6.8 |Feb mean C = 6.8 |Mar mean C = 8.8 |Apr mean C = 12.0 |May mean C = 14.8 |Jun mean C = 18.3 |Jul mean C = 19.6 |Aug mean C = 19.4 |Sep mean C = 17.3 |Oct mean C = 13.5 |Nov mean C = 10.0 |Dec mean C = 7.0 |year mean C = 12.8 |Jan low C = 5.0 |Feb low C = 4.7 |Mar low C = 5.8 |Apr low C = 8.2 |May low C = 10.9 |Jun low C = 14.1 |Jul low C = 15.5 |Aug low C = 15.5 |Sep low C = 13.7 |Oct low C = 10.9 |Nov low C = 8.0 |Dec low C = 5.4 |year low C = 9.8 |source 1= <ref name="Lunnon Weather Centre climate data" >{{cite web |url=http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?LANG=en&PLZ=_____&PLZN=_____&WMO=03779&CONT=ukuk&R=0&LEVEL=162&REGION=0003&LAND=UK&MOD=tab&ART=TMX&NOREGION=1&FMM=1&FYY=2001&LMM=12&LYY=2014 |title=London Weather Centre analysis |publisher=weatheronline.co.uk |accessdate=17 November 2014 }}</ref> |source 2= <ref name="Climate Lunnon Weather Centre" >{{cite web |url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/London_Weather_Centre/37790.htm |title=climate: Climate London Weather Centre |publisher=Tutiempo |accessdate=17 November 2014 |archive-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042433/http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/London_Weather_Centre/37790.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} ===destricts=== {{Main|Leet o destricts o Lunnon}} Lunnon's vast urban area is aften descrievit uisin a set o destrict names, lik [[Bloomsbury]], [[Mayfair]], [[Wembley]] an [[Whitechapel]]. Thay are aither informal designations, reflect the names o villages that hae been absorbed by sprawl, or are superseded administrative units sic as parishes or [[Metropolitan boroughs o the County o Lunnon|umwhile boroughs]]. Siclike names hae remained in uise throu tradeetion, ilk o thaim referrin tae a local area wi its ain distinctive character, but wioot official boundaries. Syne 1965 Greater Lunnon haes been dividit intae 32 [[Lunnon borough]]s in addition tae the ancient ceety o Lunnon.<ref name=Lunnon_071>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/boroughs.jsp|title=London boroughs&nbsp;— London Life, GLA|publisher=Lunnon Government|accessdate=3 November 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213025156/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/boroughs.jsp|archivedate=2007-12-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_072>{{Cite book |last1=Dogan |first1=Mattei |first2=John D. |last2=Kasarda |title=The Metropolis Era |publisher=Sage |year=1988 |page=99 |isbn=978-0-8039-2603-5 |url= http://books.google.com/?id=_GFPAAAAMAAJ&q=1965,+32+boroughs+of+london&dq=1965,+32+boroughs+of+london |ref=harv}}</ref> The ceety o Lunnon is the main financial destrict,<ref name=Lunnon_073>{{cite web |url= http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/business-and-jobs/financial-centre.jsp |title= London as a financial centre |publisher= Mayor o Lunnon |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080106051217/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/business-and-jobs/financial-centre.jsp |archivedate= 2008-01-06 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= dead }}</ref> an [[Canary Wharf]] haes recently developed intae a new financial an commercial hub in the [[Lunnon Docklands|Docklands]] tae the east. The [[West End o Lunnon|West End]] is Lunnon's main entertainment an shoppin destrict, attracting tourists.<ref name=Lunnon_075>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1608619.stm |title=West End still drawing crowds |work=BBC News |accessdate=6 June 2008 |date=22 October 2001 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0o6fkv?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1608619.stm |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[West (Lunnon sub region)|West Lunnon]] includes expensive residential areas whaur properties can sell for tens o millions o pounds.<ref name=Lunnon_076>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2006/apr/17/tax.g2 |title=Super Rich |date=17 April 2006 |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=7 June 2008 |location=Lunnon |first=James |last=Meek |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0ofbib?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2006/apr/17/tax.g2 |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The average price for properties in [[Royal Borough o Kensington an Chelsea|Kensington an Chelsea]] is ower £2 million wi a seimilarly heich outlay in maist o [[central Lunnon]].<ref name="Lunnon's Properties">{{cite web|url=http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/planningandconservation/planningpolicy/idoc.ashx%3Fdocid%3Dbf56bda1-575c-435b-92ac-9a71625c1746%26version%3D-1|archivedate=2016-12-30|title=Information on latest house prices in the Royal Borough|publisher=Royal Borough o Kensington an Chelsea|access-date=2022-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230190409/https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/planningandconservation/planningpolicy/idoc.ashx?docid=bf56bda1-575c-435b-92ac-9a71625c1746&version=-1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=GuardAug14>{{cite news |url= http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/08/housing-london-jump-19-per-cent-year |title= Average house prices in London jump 19 percent in a year |author=Rupert Jones |newspaper=The Guardian |location= Lunnon |date=8 August 2014 |accessdate=24 September 2014}}</ref> The [[East End o Lunnon|East End]] is the area closest tae the oreeginal [[Port o Lunnon]], kent for its heich immigrant population, as weel as for bein ane o the puirest areas in Lunnon.<ref name="East End">{{cite news |url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8487518/site/newsweek/ |date=6 July 2005 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829024354/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8487518/site/newsweek/ |archivedate=2006-08-29 |title=Tomorrow's East End |newspaper=Newsweek |author=Flynn, Emily |location=New York |access-date=2015-06-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> The surroondin [[North East (Lunnon sub region)|East Lunnon]] area saw a fair bit o Lunnon's early industrial development; nou, [[brownfield land|brownfield]] sites throughout the area are bein redeveloped as pairt o the [[Thames Gateway]] includin the [[Lunnon Riverside]] an [[Lower Lea Valley]], that wis developed intae the [[Olympic Park, Lunnon|Olympic Park]] for the [[Lunnon 2012 Olympic bid|2012 Olympics an Paralympics]].<ref name="East End" /> ===Architecture=== {{Main|Architecture o Lunnon|Leet o tallest biggins an structures in Lunnon}} [[File:Aerial Tower of London.jpg|thumb|right|The Tower of London]] Lunnon's biggins are ower diverse tae be characterised by ony parteecular [[architectural]] style, partly acause o thair varyin ages. Mony grand houses an public biggins, sic as the [[National Gallery]], are biggit frae [[Portland stone]]. Some areas o the ceety, parteecularly those juist wast o the centre, are characterised by white [[stucco]] or whitewashed biggins. Few structures in central Lunnon pre-date the [[Great Fire o Lunnon|Great Fire]] o 1666, thir bein a few trace [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] remains, the [[Tower o Lunnon]] an a few scattered [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] survivors in the ceety. Faur oot is, for insample, the [[Tudor period]] [[Hampton Court Palace]], England's auldest surviving Tudor palace, biggit by Cardinal [[Thomas Wolsey]] c. 1515.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/hampton_court_01.shtml |title=Hampton Court: The Lost Palace |publisher=BBC History |date=29 March 2011 |author=Foyle, Jonathan |accessdate=16 June 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0pDL3i?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/hampton_court_01.shtml |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}}</ref> [[Christopher Wren|Wren]]'s late 17t-century kirks an the financial institutions o the 18t an 19t centuries lik the [[Royal Exchange, Lunnon|Royal Exchange]] an the [[Bank o England]], tae the early 20t century [[Old Bailey]] an the 1960s [[Barbican Estate]] form pairt o the varied architectural heritage. [[File:30 St Mary Axe from Leadenhall Street.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[30 St Mary Axe]], forby kent as "the Gherkin", touers ower [[St Andrew Undershaft]]]] The disuised, but suin tae be rejuvenated, 1939 [[Battersea Power Station]] bi the burn in the sooth-wast is a local laundmerk, while some railway termini are excellent insamples o [[Victorian architecture]], maist notably [[St Pancras railway station|St. Pancras]] an [[Paddington railway station|Paddington]].<ref name=Lunnon_078>{{cite web |url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Paddington_Station.html |title=Paddington Station |publisher=Great biggins |accessdate=6 June 2008 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0pwi86?url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Paddington_Station.html |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The density o Lunnon varies, wi heich employment density in the [[Central Lunnon|central area]], heich residential densities in [[inner Lunnon]] an laicher densities in [[Outer Lunnon]]. [[The Monument]] in the ceety o Lunnon provides views o the surroondin areas while commemoratin the [[Great Fire o Lunnon]], whilk originatit fae a biggin naurhaun. [[Marble Arch]] an [[Wellington Arch]], at the north an sooth ends o [[Park Lane (road)|Park Lane]] respectively, hae royal connections, as dae the [[Albert Memorial]] an [[Royal Albert Hall]] in [[Kensington]]. [[Nelson's Column]] is a nationally recognised monument in [[Trafalgar squerr]], ane o the focal pynts o the ceety centre. Older biggins are mainly brick biggit, maist commonly the yellae [[Lunnon stock brick]] or a warm orange-red variety, eften decoratit wi carvings an white plaster [[moulding (decorative)|mouldings]].<ref name=Lunnon_077>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=A1&xml=/property/2008/03/27/lpgreen127.xml |title=Eco homes: Wooden it be lovely... ? |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=12 October 2008 |location=Lunnon |first=Sarah |last=Lonsdale |date=27 March 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0rvzUL?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- [[File:Buckingham Palace frae gardens, London, UK - Diliff.jpg|left|thumb|[[Buckingham Palace]] is the official residence o the British monarch]] --> In the dense airts, maist o the concentration is via medium- an heich-rise biggins. Lunnon's skyscrapers lik [[30 St Mary Axe]], [[Tower 42]], the [[Broadgate Tower]] an [[One Canada squerr]] are maistly in the twa financial destricts, the [[City o Lunnon]] an [[Canary Wharf]]. High-rise development is restrictit at certaint sites if it wad obstruct pertectit views o [[St Paul's Cathedral]] an ither historic biggins. Housomeiver, thare a nummer o verra heich skyscrapers in central Lunnon ''(see [[Tall biggins in Lunnon]])'', includin the 72-storey [[Shard Lunnon Bridge]], the [[Leet o heichest biggins in the European Union|heichest biggin in the European Union]]. Other notable modern biggins include [[City Hall (Lunnon)|City Hall]] in [[Southwark]] wi its distinctive oval shape,<ref name=Lunnon_079>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm |title=Inside London's new 'glass egg' |date=16 July 2002 |work=BBC News |accessdate=26 April 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0sZ57q?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> an the [[British Library]] in [[Somers Town, Lunnon|Somers Town]]/[[Keengs Cross, Lunnon|Kings Cross]]. What wis formerly the [[Millennium Dome]], bi the Thames tae the east o Canary Wharf, is nou an entertainment venue cried [[The O2 (Lunnon)|The O2 Arena]]. {{wide image|Horniman London skyline 2013.jpg|1000px|[[The Shard]] dominating the [[City o Lunnon]] skyline, as seen frae [[Forest Hill, Lunnon|Forest Hill]] in July 2013}} ===Natural history=== The Lunnon Natural History Society suggest that Lunnon is "one o the World's Greenest ceeties" wi mair nor 40 percent green space or open watter. Thay indicate that 2000 species o flowering plant hae been foond growin thare an that the [[Tideway|tidal Thames]] supports 120 species o fish.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lnhs.org.uk/index.htm|title=Wildlife in London, England: LNHS Home page|work=lnhs.org.uk|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2007-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212143739/http://www.lnhs.org.uk/Index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thay forby state that ower 60 species o bird nest in [[central Lunnon]] an that thair members hae recordit 47 species o butterflee, 1173 moths an mair nor 270 kinds o speeder aroond Lunnon. Lunnon's [[wetland]] airts support nationally important populations o mony watter birds. Lunnon haes 38 [[Sites o Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSIs), twa [[National Nature Reserves]] an 76 [[Local Nature Reserves]].<ref>Lunnon Natural History Society.</ref> [[Amphibians]] are common in the caipital, includin [[smooth newt]]s livin bi the [[Tate Modern]], an common [[frog]]s, common [[toad]]s, [[palmate newt]]s an [[great crestit newt]]s, housamiver, native reptiles lik [[slow-worm]]s, [[common lizard]]s, [[grass snake]]s an [[Vipera berus|adder]]s, are maistly anly seen in [[outer Lunnon]].<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jul/27/london-amphibian-reptile-map "London's amphibians and reptile populations mapped". Laurie Tuffrey, ''The Guardian'', Friday 27 July 2012]</ref> [[File:Flickr - Duncan~ - Fox Trot.jpg|thumb|left|Fox on Ayres Street, [[Southwark]], [[South Lunnon]] ]] Amang ither indwallers o Lunnon are 10,000 tods, sae that thare are nou 16 tods for every squerr mile (2.6 squerr kilometres) o Lunnon. Thir urban tods are noticeably bolder than thair kintra cousins, sharin the pavement (sidewalk) wi pedestrians an raisin cubs in people's backyards. Tods hae even sneaked intae the [[Houses o Parliament]], whaur ane wis foond asleep on a filing cabinet. Anither broke intae the grunds o [[Buckingham Palace]], reportedly killin some o Queen Elizabeth II's prized [[pink flamingo]]s. Generally, housamiver, tods an ceety folk appear tae get alang. A survey in 2001 bi the Lunnon-based [[Mammal Society]] foond that 80 percent o Lunnoners liked haein them aroond.<ref>[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/05/foxes-london_2.html "10,000 Foxes Roam London". James Owen in London for ''National Geographic'' News, May 15, 2006]</ref> Other mammals foond in [[Greater Lunnon]] are [[hedgehog]]s, rats, mice, rabbit, shrew, vole, an squirrels,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/richmond-park-attractions/wildlife/mammals|title=Mammals|work=The Royal Parks|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2020-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307135419/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/richmond-park-attractions/wildlife/mammals|url-status=dead}}</ref> In wilder areas o [[Outer Lunnon]], sic as [[Epping Forest]], a wide variety o mammals are foond includin [[hare]], [[brock]], field, bank an watter [[laund-moose]], [[wid moose]], [[yellae-neck moose]], [[mowdiwarp]], [[shrew]], an [[wheasel]], in addition tae tod, squirrel an hurcheon. A deid otter wis foond at The Highway, in [[Wapping]], aboot {{convert|1|mi|adj=on}} frae the [[Tower Bridge]], that wad suggest that thay hae begun tae muive back efter bein absence a hunner year frae the ceety.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/news/topstories/946018.londons_first_wild_otter_found/|title=London's first wild otter found|author=Peter Law|work=This Is Local Lunnon}}</ref> Ten o England's eighteen species o [[bat]]s hae been recorded in Epping Forest: soprano, nathusius an common pipistrelles, noctule, serotine, barbastelle, daubenton's, brown Long-eared, natterer's an leisler's.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/epping-forest/wildlife-and-nature/Pages/Mammals.aspx|title=Mammals|work=cityofLunnon.gov.uk|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2015-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318070552/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/epping-forest/wildlife-and-nature/Pages/Mammals.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amang the strange sights seen in Lunnon hae been a whale in the Thames,<ref>Liam O'Brien, (24 March 2013). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/dead-whale-found-floating-in-the-thames-estuary-will-be-examined-8547350.html "Dead whale found floating in the Thames Estuary 'will be examined'"]. ''The Independent on Sunday'' (Lunnon).</ref> while The BBC Twa programme "Natural World: Unnatural History o Lunnon", shaws pigeons uisin the [[Lunnon Unnergrund]] tae get aroond the ceety, a [[Pinniped|seal]] that taks fish frae [[fishmonger]]s athoot [[Billingsgate Fish Market]], an tods that will "sit" gif thay're gien sausages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/18428378?print=true|title=BBC Nature - A Question of Nature: How hidden is the UK's wild side?|work=BBC Nature|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2018-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726124445/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/18428378?print=true|url-status=dead}}</ref> Herds o [[red deer|red]] an [[fallow deer]] roam freely wiin hantle o [[Richmond Park|Richmond]] an [[Bushy Park]]. A cull takes place ilk November an Februar tae ensure nummers can be sustained.<ref name="Deer cull begins">{{cite news | url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/wandsworthnews/10026864.Richmond_Park_deer_cull_begins/ | title=Richmond Park deer cull begins | work=Wandsworth Guardian | date=5 November 2012 | accessdate=9 November 2012 | author=Rachel Bishop | location=Lunnon}}</ref> Epping Forest is kent for its [[fallow deer]] an aa, whilk can frequently be seen in herds tae the north o the Forest. A rare population o [[melanistic]], black fallow deer is forby maintained at the Deer Sanctuary near [[Theydon Bois]]. [[Muntjac deer]], that escaped frae deer parks at the turn o the twentieth century, are foond in the wid. While Lunnoners are accustomed tae wildlife sic as birds an tods sharin the ceety, mair recently urban deer hae becomin a regular featur, an hale herds o [[fallow deer|fallow]] an [[white tailed deer]] come intae residential airts at nicht tae tak advantage o the Lunnon's green spaces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/in-pictures-londons-urban-deer-9149902.html|title=In pictures: London's urban deer|work=The Evening Standard}}</ref> Thare are in Lunnon mony [[muntjak]] deer an aa, but acause thay are shy it is less common tae see them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.times-series.co.uk/news/9761337.Photographer_snaps_Muntjac_deer_in_Mill_Hill_garden/|title=Photographer snaps Muntjac deer in Mill Hill garden|author=Emma Innes|work=Times Series}}</ref> ==Demography== {{Main|Demographics o Lunnon}} {{Table Lunnon tap 28 birth kintras}}<!--- Ref name=Pop2001 ---> Wi increasin industrialisation, Lunnon's population grew rapidly outthrou the 19t an early 20t centuries, an it wis for some time in the late 19t an early 20t centuries the maist populous ceety in the warld. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately afore the outbreak o the Seicont World War, but haed declined tae 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. Housamiver, the population then grew by juist ower a million atween the 2001 an 2011 Censuses, tae reak 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration.<ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-unitary-authorities-in-wales/chd-we-figure-1.xls "2011 Census. London population"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904221157/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-unitary-authorities-in-wales/chd-we-figure-1.xls |date=2022-09-04 }} {{Cite web |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-unitary-authorities-in-wales/chd-we-figure-1.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=2026-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904221157/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-unitary-authorities-in-wales/chd-we-figure-1.xls |archive-date=2022-09-04 |url-status=dead}}. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 27 May 2015</ref> Houiver, Lunnon's continuous urban area extends ayont the borders o Greater Lunnon an wis home tae 9,787,426 people in 2011,<ref name="urbanpopulation"/> while its wider [[Lunnon metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] haes a population o atween 12 an 14&nbsp;million dependin on the definition uised.<ref name=metro_area_1>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|title=The Principal Agglomerations o the World|work=City Population|accessdate=3 March 2009|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rRuMtUmh?url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|archivedate=2010-07-24|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=metro2>{{cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |title=British urban pattern: population data |accessdate=22 February 2010 |date=March 2007 |work=ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions |publisher=[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]] |page=119 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Accordin tae [[Eurostat]], Lunnon is the [[mucklemaist ceeties an metropolitan areas in the European Union (Eurostat)|maist populous ceety an metropolitan area o the European Union]] an the seicont [[Leet o metropolitan areas in Europe|maist populous in Europe]] (or third if [[Istanbul]] is included). in the period 1991–2001 a net 726,000&nbsp;immigrants arrived in Lunnon.<ref name="Immigration">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article379434.ece |title=Immigration rise increases segregation in British cities |last=Leppard |first=David |date=10 April 2005 |work=The Times |accessdate=8 August 2009 |location=Lunnon |archive-date=2008-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211185641/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article379434.ece |url-status=dead }}{{subscription required}}</ref> The region covers an area o {{convert|1579|km2|sqmi}}. The population density is {{convert|5177|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}},<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/lu_pour_vous/les_grandes_metropol/downloadFile/attachedFile/metropolislondres.pdf?nocache=1254397828.63 |title=Metropolis World Association o the Major Metropolises |accessdate=3 May 2010 |isbn=978-0-7306-2020-4 |archive-date=2011-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427084411/http://www.dgcl.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/lu_pour_vous/les_grandes_metropol/downloadFile/attachedFile/metropolislondres.pdf?nocache=1254397828.63 |url-status=dead }}</ref> mair nor ten times that o ony ither [[NUTS:UK|British region]].<ref name=Lunnon_087>{{cite web |url= http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/regional_snapshot/RS_Lon.pdf |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195152/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/regional_snapshot/RS_Lon.pdf |archivedate= 2008-06-24 |title= Population density o London: by London borough, 2006 |publisher= UK Statistics Authority |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= live }}</ref> In terms o population, Lunnon is the 19t [[World's mucklemaist ceeties|mucklemaist ceety]] an the 18t [[Leet o metropolitan areas by population|mucklemaist metropolitan]] region in the warld. As o 2014, Lunnon haes the mucklemaist nummer o billionaires (British Pound Sterling) in the warld, wi 72 residing in the ceety.<ref name=Billionaires>{{cite news|title='Rich List' counts more than 100 UK billionaires|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-27360032|accessdate=11 May 2014|newspaper=BBC News Online|date=11 May 2014}}</ref> Lunnon ranks as ane o the maist expensive ceeties in the warld, alongside Tokyo an Moscow.<ref name=Lunnon_089>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/06/11/pf/costofliving/ |title=World's Most Expensive Cities 2004 |publisher=CNN |accessdate=16 August 2007 |date=11 June 2004 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0ygZWg?url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/06/11/pf/costofliving/ |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ethnic groups=== {{Main|Ethnic groups in Lunnon}} {{Pie chart |thumb = left |caption = Ethnic groups in the 2011 census <ref name=2011censusdemo>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls "2011 Census: Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales"] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |date=2016-01-05 }}. [[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]. Retrieved 3 July 2014</ref> |label1 = White |value1 = 59.8 |color1 = Red |label2 = Asian |value2 = 18.4 |color2 = Orange |label3 = Black |value3 = 13.3 |color3 = Yellow |label4 = Mixed |value4 = 5 |color4 = Green |label5 = Arab |value5 = 1.3 |color5 = Blue |label6 = Other |value6 = 2.1 |color6 = Purple }} Accordin tae the [[Office for National Statistics]], based on the [[Unitit Kinrick Census 2011|2011 Census]] estimates, 59.8 per cent o the 8,173,941 indwallers o Lunnon war [[White people|White]], wi 44.9 per cent [[White British]], 2.2 per cent [[Irish migration tae Great Britain|White Irish]], 0.1 per cent [[Gypsy (term)|gypsy]]/[[Irish traveller]] an 12.1 per cent classifee'd as [[Other White]]. 20.9 per cent o Lunnoners are o [[British Asian|Asian]] an mixed-Asian strynd. 19.7 per cent are o full Asian strynd, wi those o mixed-Asian heritage comprisin 1.2 o the population. [[British Indien|Indiens]] accoont for 6.6 per cent o the population, followed by [[British Pakistanis|Pakistanis]] an [[British Bangladeshi|Bangladeshis]] at 2.7 per cent for ilk o thaim. [[British Chinese|Chinese]] fowks accoont for 1.5 per cent o the population, wi [[British Arabs|Arabs]] comprisin 1.3 per cent. A faur 4.9 per cent are classifee'd as "Other Asian". 15.6 per cent o Lunnon's population are o [[Black British|Black]] an mixed-Black strynd. 13.3 per cent are o fou Black strynd, wi thaim that's o mixed-Black heritage comprisin 2.3 per cent. [[Black British|Black Africans]] accoont for 7.0 per cent o Lunnon's population, wi 4.2 per cent as [[British African-Caribbean community|Black Caribbean]] an 2.1 per cent as "Other Black". 5.0 per cent are o [[Mixed (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)|mixed race]]. athort Lunnon, [[Black British|Black]] an [[British Asian|Asian]] childer outnumber [[White British]] childer by aboot sax tae fower in state schuils.<ref name=Lunnon_094>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-o-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth o children frae ethnic minorities |author=Paton, Graeme |date=1 October 2007 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=7 June 2008 |location=Lunnon |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hYR0tUao?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |archivedate=2009-06-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Altogether at the 2011 census, o Lunnon's 1,624,768 population aged 0 tae 15, 46.4 per cent war White, 19.8 per cent war Asian, 19 per cent war Black, 10.8 per cent war Mixed an 4 per cent representit anither ethnic group.<ref>{{cite web |author= ONS |url= https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/livelinks/12297.xlsx |title=LC2109EWls - Ethnic group by age |publisher=www.nomisweb.co.uk |accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref> In Januar 2005, a survey o Lunnon's ethnic an religious diversity claimed that thare war mair nor 300 leids spoken in Lunnon an mair nor 50 non-indigenous communities wi a population o mair nor 10,000.<ref name=Lunnon_090>{{cite news |url= http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jan/21/britishidentity1 |title= Every race, colour, nation and religion on earth |work= The Guardian |location= Lunnon |accessdate= 6 May 2008 |first= Leo |last= Benedictus |date= 21 January 2005 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0zlxGl?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/jan/21/britishidentity1 |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |url-status= live }}</ref> figurs frae the [[Office for National Statistics]] shaw that, {{as o|2010|alt=in 2010}}, Lunnon's furren-born population wis 2,650,000 (33 per cent), up frae 1,630,000 in 1997. The 2011 census shawed that 36.7 per cent o [[Greater Lunnon]]'s population war born athoot the UK.<ref name=Lunnon_092>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/H-A.asp |title=Census 2001: London |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |accessdate=3 June 2006 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo11Wpqv?url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/H-A.asp |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The table tae the right shows the 30 maist common countries o birth o Lunnon residents in 2011, the date o the last published [[UK Census]].<ref name=Pop2011/> A portion o the German-born population are as lik as tae be British nationals born tae parents servin in the [[British Armed Forces]] in Germany.<ref name=Lunnon_095>{{cite book |url=http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=308 |title=Beyond Black and White: Mapping new immigrant communities |last=Kyambi |first=Sarah |date=7 September 2005 |accessdate=20 January 2007 |isbn=978-1-86030-284-8 |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo11tc6i?url=http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=308 |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Estimates produced bi the [[Office for National Statistics]] indicate that the five mucklemaist furren-born groups bidin in Lunnon in the period Julie 2009 tae Juin 2010 war those born in [[Indie]], Poland, the Republic o Ireland, Bangladesh an [[Nigerie]].<ref name=Estimates>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/population-by-country-o-birth-and-nationality-jul09-jun10.zip |title=Table 1.4: Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country o birth, July 2009 tae June 2010 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=7 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo12D272?url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/population-by-country-of-birth-and-nationality-jul09-jun10.zip |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=dead }} figur given is the central estimate. See the source for 95 per cent [[confidence interval]]s.</ref> ===Releegion=== {{Main|Releegion in Lunnon}} {{bar box |title=[[Releegion in Lunnon|Releegion in Lunnon (2011 census)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-286262 |title=2011 Census, Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales |publisher=Ons.gov.uk |date=11 December 2012 |accessdate=4 May 2013 |archive-date=2016-01-05 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-286262 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Religion |right1=Percent(%) |float=left |bars= {{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|48.4}} {{bar percent|[[Irreleegion|No releegion]]|violet|20.7}} {{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|12.4}} {{bar percent|Undeclared|black|8.5}} {{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|5.0}} {{bar percent|[[Jewish]]|Blue|1.8}} {{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|1.5}} {{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|1.0}} {{bar percent|Ither|grey|0.6}} }} Accordin tae the [[2011 UK Census|2011 Census]], the mucklemaist releegious groupins are [[Christianity|Christians]] (48.4 per cent), follaed bi those o [[Irreleegion|no releegion]] (20.7 per cent), [[Islam|Muslims]] (12.4 per cent), nae reponse (8.5 per cent), [[Hinduism|Hindus]] (5.0 per cent), [[Judaism|Jews]] (1.8 per cent), [[Sikhism|Sikhs]] (1.5 per cent), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (1.0 per cent) an ither (0.6 per cent). Lunnon haes tradeetionally been Christian, an haes a [[Leet o kirks in Lunnon|hantle o kirks]], parteecularly in the Ceety o Lunnon. The well-kent [[St Paul's Cathedral]] in the Ceety an [[Southwark Cathedral]] sooth o the river are [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] admeenistrative centres,<ref name=Lunnon_096>{{cite web|url=http://www.stpauls.co.uk/page.aspx?theLang=001lngdef&pointerid=97320F44yHMK9hndcXZBD5sVH4m52Yc0|title=About Saint Paul's Cathedral|publisher=Dean an Chapter St Paul's|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407082352/http://www.stpauls.co.uk/page.aspx?theLang=001lngdef&pointerid=97320F44yHMK9hndcXZBD5sVH4m52Yc0|archivedate=2008-04-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> while the [[Archbishop o Canterbury]], principal bishop o the [[Krik o Ingland]] an warldwide [[Anglican Communion]], haes his main residence at [[Lambeth Palace]] in the [[Lunnon Borough o Lambeth]].<ref name=Lunnon_097>{{cite web|url=http://www.lambethpalacelibrary.org/|title=Lambeth Palace Library|publisher=Lambeth Palace Library|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo12b6iD?url=http://www.lambethpalacelibrary.org/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Important national an royal ceremonies are shared atween [[St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's]] an [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=Lunnon_098>{{cite web|url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/|title=Westminster Abbey|publisher=Dean an Chapter o Westminster|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo12pvY3?url=http://www.westminster-abbey.org/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The Abbey is nae tae be confused wi nearby [[Westminster Cathedral]], that is the mucklemaist [[Roman Catholic]] cathedral in [[England an Wales]].<ref name=Lunnon_099>{{cite web|url=http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/home.html|title=West Minster Cathedral|publisher=Westminster Cathedral|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327041736/http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/home.html|archivedate=2008-03-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite the prevalence o Anglican kirks, observance is verra laich wiin the Anglican denomination. Kirk attendance continues on a lang, slaw, steady decline, accordin tae Kirk o Ingland statistics.<ref name=Lunnon_100>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.cofe.anglican.org/info/statistics/2007provisionalattendance.pdf |title=Church o England Statistics |publisher=Church o England |accessdate=6 June 2008 |ref=harv |journal= |archive-date=2014-07-09 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20140709133529/http://www.churchofengland.org/about-us/facts-stats.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:St Paul's Cathedral, 26 August 2012 (2).jpg|thumb|right|[[St Paul's Cathedral]]]] Lunnon is hame tae sizeable [[Muslim]], [[Hindu]], [[Sikh]], an [[Jewish]] commonties an aw. Notable mosques include the [[East Lunnon Mosque]] in Touer Hamlets, [[Lunnon Central Mosque]] on the edge o [[Regent's Park]] an the [[Baitul Futuh]] Mosque o the [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]]. Follaein the ile boom, increasin nummers o wealthy Hindus an [[Middle-East]]ren Muslims hae based themselves aroond [[Mayfair]] an [[Knightsbridge]] in Wast Lunnon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhchic.com/history/sikhbritons_second_wealthiest_government_report|title=sikhchic.com - The Art and Culture o the Diaspora - Sikh-Britons Second Wealthiest: Government Report|work=sikhchic.com|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2020-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011082625/http://www.sikhchic.com/history/sikhbritons_second_wealthiest_government_report|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2013/03/14/comment-british-sikhs-are-the-best-example-o-cultural-integ|title=Comment: British Sikhs are the best insample o cultural integration|work=politics.co.uk}}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_102>{{cite web |url= http://www.standard.co.uk/news/the-300-billion-arabs-are-coming-6890813.html |author= Bill, Peter |title= The $300&nbsp;billion Arabs are coming |work= Lunnon Evening Standard |date= 29 May 2008 |accessdate= 3 July 2013 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo15MyJm?url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23488244-the-300-billion-arabs-are-coming.do |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |url-status= live }}</ref> Thare muckle Muslim commonties in the eastren boroughs o [[Lunnon Borough o Touer Hamlets|Touer Hamlets]] an [[Lunnon Borough o Newham|Newham]].<ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211026 Census 2001 Key Statistics, Local Authorities in England and Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719020954/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211026 |date=2012-07-19 }} Office for National Statistics</ref> lairge Hindu communities are in the north-wastren boroughs o [[Lunnon Borough o Harrow|Harrow]] an [[Lunnon Borough o Brent|Brent]]; the latter is hame tae Europe's mucklemaist [[Hindu temple]], [[Neasden Temple]].<ref name=Lunnon_103>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/19/hindu_london_feature.shtml |title= Hindu London |date= 6 June 2005 |publisher= BBC Lunnon |accessdate= 3 June 2006 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060218161357/http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/05/19/hindu_london_feature.shtml |archivedate= 2006-02-18 |url-status= live }}</ref> Lunnon is hame tae 42 Hindu temples. Thare are Sikh communities in East an West Lunnon, parteecularly in Southall, hame tae ane o the mucklemaist Sikh populations an the mucklemaist Sikh temple ootside Indie.<ref name=Lunnon_104>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2898761.stm |title=£17&nbsp;m Sikh temple opens |date=30 March 2003 |work=BBC News |accessdate=7 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo18FMYP?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2898761.stm |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The majority o [[Breetish Jews]] live in Lunnon, wi signeeficant Jewish commonties in [[Stamford Hill]], [[Stanmore]], [[Golders Green]], [[Finchley]], [[Hampstead]], [[Hendon]] an [[Edgware]] in [[North Lunnon]]. [[Bevis Marks Synagogue]] in the [[Ceety o Lunnon]] is affiliatit tae Lunnon's heestoric [[Sephardic]] Jewish commonty. It is the anly synagogue in Europe that haes held regular services continuously for ower 300 year. [[Stanmore an Canons Pairk Synagogue]] haes the mucklemaist membership o ony single Orthodox synagogue in the whole o Europe, owertakin [[Ilford]] synagogue (in Lunnon an aa) in 1998.<ref name=Lunnon_106>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Israel/Partnerships/Regions/Kavimut/Britain+Communities/Stanmore+11.htm |publisher=The Jewish Agency for Israel |title=Stanmore |accessdate=12 October 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo18Qcmw?url=http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Israel/Partnerships/Regions/Kavimut/Britain+Communities/Stanmore+11.htm |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The commonity set up the [[unnon Jewish Forum]] in 2006 in response tae the growin signeeficance o devolved Lunnon Govrenment.<ref name=Lunnon_107>{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Jonny |date=10 December 2006 |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/1178443551.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+10%2C+2006&author=JONNY+PAUL%2C+Jerusalem+Post+correspondent&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=05&desc=Livingstone+apologizes+to+UK+Jews |title=Livingstone apologizes tae UK's Jews |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=5 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo19jSJq?url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1164881856232 |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Accent=== Thare are mony accents that are tradeetionally thocht on as Lunnon accents. The maist weel kent o the Lunnon accents lang syne acquired the [[Cockney]] label, that is haurd baith in Lunnon itself, an athort the wider [[South East England]] region mair generally.<ref>"Cracking Up!". p. 178. Lulu.com</ref> The accent o a 21st-century 'Lunnoner' varies widely; what is becomin mair an mair common amongst the unner-30s houiver is some fusion o Cockney wi a whole array o 'ethnic' accents, in parteecular [[Caribbean]], that form an accent labelled [[Multicultural Lunnon English]] (MLE).<ref name="MCLE">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/jafaican-and-tikkiny-drown-out-the-east-ends-cockney-twang-473688.html|title=Jafaican and Tikkiny drown out the East End's Cockney twang|first=Jonathan|last=Brown|work=[[The Independent]]|location=Lunnon|date=11 April 2006|accessdate=22 August 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK682mq?url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/jafaican-and-tikkiny-drown-out-the-east-ends-cockney-twang-473688.html|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> The ither widely heard an spoken accent is RP ([[Received Pronunciation]]) in various forms, that can aften be haurd in the media an mony o ither traditional professions an ayont this area, tho this accent isnae leemitit tae Lunnon an South East England, an can be haurd selectively atouer the hale UK amang certaint social groupins. ==Economy== {{Main|Economy o Lunnon|Media in Lunnon}} [[File:The City London.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[City o Lunnon]] is ane o the lairgest financial centres in the warld.<ref name="Mastercard" /><ref name="forbes.com" />]] Lunnon generates aboot 20 per cent o [[Economy o the Unitit Kinrick|the UK's GDP]]<ref name="Lunnon's place in economy">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf |title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06 |publisher=City o Lunnon |accessdate=11 March 2008 |archive-date=2006-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525075622/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (or $446&nbsp;billion in 2005); while the economy o the [[Lunnon metropolitan area]]—[[Leet o ceeties by GDP#Europe, Western|the lairgest in Europe]]—generates aboot 30 per cent o the UK's GDP (or an estimatit $669&nbsp;billion in 2005).<ref name=Lunnon_109>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaurif.org/en/doc/studies/cahiers/cahier_135/pdf/073-85.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195153/http://www.iaurif.org/en/doc/studies/cahiers/cahier_135/pdf/073-85.pdf|archivedate=2008-06-24|title=The Economic Positioning of Metropolitan Areas in North Western Europe|date=December 2002|publisher=The Institute for Urban Planning an Development o the Paris Île-de-France Region|accessdate=27 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lunnon is ane o the pre-eminent financial centres o the warld an vies wi New York ceety as the maist important location for international finance.<ref name="economist1">{{Cite news |title=After the fall |work=[[The Economist]] |date=29 November 2007 |location=Lunnon |url=http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_TDNDRPTT |accessdate=15 May 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1CAPd8?url=http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_TDNDRPTT |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="economist2">{{Cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9753240 |title=Financial Centres&nbsp;— Magnets for money |date=13 September 2007 |work=The Economist |location=Lunnon |accessdate=15 May 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1CVVgP?url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9753240 |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lunnon's lairgest industry is finance, an its [[financial export]]s mak it a lairge contributor tae the UK's [[balance o payments]]. Aroond 325,000 fowk wis employed in financial services in Lunnon til mid-2007. Lunnon haes ower 480 owerseas banks, mair nor ony ither ceety in the warld. Ower 85 percent (3.2&nbsp;million) o the employed population o greater Lunnon works in the services industries. Acause o its prominent global role, Lunnon's economy haed been affectit bi the [[Late-2000s financial crisis]]. Housamiver, by 2010 the ceety haes recovered; pit in place new regulatory powers, proceedit tae regain lost ground an re-established Lunnon's economic parity wi New York.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/business/global/21rglofinuk.html?_r=0</ref> The [[City o Lunnon]] is home tae the [[Bank o England]], [[Lunnon Stock Exchange]], an [[Lloyd's o Lunnon]] insurance mercat. Ower hauf o the UK's tap 100 listit companies (the [[FTSE 100]]) an ower 100 o Europe's 500 lairgest companies hae thair headquarters in central Lunnon. Ower 70 per cent o the FTSE 100 are athin Lunnon's metropolitan area, an 75 per cent o [[Fortune 500]] companies hae offices in Lunnon.<ref name=Lunnon_113>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonstockexchange.com/en-gb/|title=London Stock Exchange|year=2008|publisher=Lunnon Stock Exchange plc.|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1FWjWx?url=http://www.londonstockexchange.com/en-gb/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Canary-wharf-one.jpg|thumb|right|[[Canary Wharf]] is ane o the biggest financial centres in Europe an is hame tae some o the [[Leet o tallest biggins in the Unitit Kinrick|UK's tallest biggins]].]] Alang wi [[professional services]], media companies are [[Media in Lunnon|concentratit in Lunnon]] an the media distribution industry is Lunnon's seicont maist competitive sector.<ref name=Lunnon_114>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf |title=London's Place in the UK Economy, 2005–6 |date=November 2005 |work=Oxford Economic Forecasting on behalf o the Corporation o Lunnon |page=19 |accessdate=19 June 2006 |archive-date=2006-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525075622/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[BBC]] is a significant employer, while ither broadcasters hae heidquarters aroond the ceety an aa. Mony [[Leet o newspapers in the Unitit Kinrick|naitional newspapers]] are editit in Lunnon. Lunnon is a major retail centre an in 2010 haed the heichest non-food retail sales o ony ceety in the warld, wi a tot spend o aroond £64.2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/02/17/uk-retail-major-cities-idUKLNE71G00420110217|title=London tops world cities spending league|accessdate=29 April 2011|agency=Reuters|date=17 February 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1FVjQo?url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/02/17/uk-retail-major-cities-idUKLNE71G00420110217|archivedate=2011-05-19|first=Mark|last=Potter|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Port o Lunnon]] is the seicont-lairgest in the Unitit Kinrick, handlin 45&nbsp;million [[tonne]]s o cargo ilka year.<ref name=handling/> Lunnon haes five major business destricts: the ceety, Westminster, Canary Wharf, Camden & Islington an Lambeth & Southwark. One wey tae get an idea o thair relative importance is tae leuk at relative amounts o office space: Greater Lunnon haed 27&nbsp;million m² o office space in 2001, an the ceety conteens the maist space, wi 8&nbsp;million m² o office space. Lunnon haes some o the heichest real estate prices in the warld.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/constructionandproperty/2784634/Highgate-trumps-Chelsea-as-priciest-postcode.html | location=Lunnon | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Felix | last=Lowe | title=Highgate trumps Chelsea as priciest postcode | date=19 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.forbes.com/2007/12/11/postcodes-uk-expensive-forbeslife-cx_po_1212realestate.html | work=Forbes | title=U.K.'s Most Expensive Postcodes | date=12 December 2007}}</ref> A growin nummer o technology companies are based in Lunnon notably in [[East Lunnon Tech ceety]], forby kent as Silicon Roundabout. In Aprile 2014, the ceety wis amang the first tae receive a [[geoTLD]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mydotlondon.com/domain-availability/|title=Availability|work=mydotLunnon.com|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2014-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202113544/http://mydotlondon.com/domain-availability/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Februar 2014 Lunnon wis ranked as the European ceety o the Future <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2014/london-named-as-european-city-of-the-future | location=Lunnon | work=Lunnon&Partners | title=London named as European City of the Future | date=17 February 2014 | access-date=2015-06-04 | archive-date=2018-06-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625162127/http://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2014/london-named-as-european-city-of-the-future | url-status=dead }}</ref> in the 2014/15 leet by [[FDi Magazine]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Europe/European-Cities-and-Regions-of-the-Future-2014-15 | location=Lunnon | work=fDiIntelligence.com | title=European Cities and Regions of the Future 2014/15 | date=17 February 2014 | access-date=2015-06-04 | archive-date=2014-11-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112110111/http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Europe/European-Cities-and-Regions-of-the-Future-2014-15 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Lunnon haes the heichest property prices o ony European ceety accordin tae the Office for National Statistics an the European Office o Statistics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/uk-european-cities.html|title=City Mayors: UK and European cities compared|work=citymayors.com}}</ref> On average the price per squerr metre in central Lunnon is €24,252 (Aprile 2014). This is higher than the property prices in ither G8 European caipital ceeties; Berlin €3,306, Rome €6,188 an Paris €11,229.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/United-Kingdom/square-meter-prices|title=Price per Square Meter United Kingdom - British Cost per Square Meter|author=Global Property Guide|work=Global Property Guide}}</ref> The gas an electricity distribution networks that manage an operate the touers, cables an pressure systems that deliver energy tae consumers athort the ceety are managed by [[National Grid plc]], [[SGN (company)|SGN]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gas distributors|url=https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/gas/distribution-networks/gb-gas-distribution-network|website=www.ofgem.gov.uk/|accessdate=15 September 2014}}</ref> an [[UK Power Networks]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Electricity distributor|url=http://www2.nationalgrid.com/uk/Our-company/electricity/Distribution-Network-Operator-Companies/|website=www2.nationalgrid.com/|accessdate=15 September 2014|archive-date=2014-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914184550/http://www2.nationalgrid.com/uk/Our-company/electricity/Distribution-Network-Operator-Companies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Tourism=== {{Main|Tourism in Lunnon}} [[File:British Museum from NE 2 (cropped).JPG|thumb|250pg|The British Museum]] Lunnon is a popular centre for [[Tourism in Lunnon|tourism]], ane o its prime industries, employin the equivalent o 350,000 fou-time workers in 2003,<ref name=Lunnon_117>{{cite web|url=http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2005/02/15/27958/london-is-the-hr-centre-of-opportunity-in-the-uk.html|title=London is the HR centre of opportunity in the UK|date=15 February 2005|publisher=PersonnelToday.com|accessdate=3 June 2006|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1GNS8r?url=http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2005/02/15/27958/london-is-the-hr-centre-of-opportunity-in-the-uk.html|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> while annual expenditure by tourists is aroond £15&nbsp;billion.<ref name=Lunnon_118>"{{cite web |url= http://www.visitlondon.com/uploads/8551importanceoflondon_2004jun.pdf |title= The Importance of Tourism in London |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070628053808/http://www.visitlondon.com/uploads/8551importanceoflondon_2004jun.pdf |archivedate= 2007-06-28 |ref= harv |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= live }}", Visit Lunnon. Retrieved 3 June 2006.</ref> Lunnon attracks ower 14&nbsp;million international visitors a year; that gars it Europe's maist visitit ceety.<ref name=EuromonitorCityRanking>{{cite web|url=http://blog.euromonitor.com/2012/01/euromonitor-internationals-top-city-destinations-ranking1-.html|title=Euromonitor International's Top 100 City Destinations Ranking |publisher=Euromonitor International|date=10 January 2012|accessdate=25 February 2012}}</ref> Lunnon attracts 27&nbsp;million overnicht-stay visitors every year.<ref name="Lunnon 101">"{{cite web |url= http://corporate.visitlondon.com/ems/downloads/8112london101.pdf |title= London 101: One Hundred and One Amazing Facts About London |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070628053808/http://corporate.visitlondon.com/ems/downloads/8112london101.pdf |archivedate= 2007-06-28 |ref= harv |publisher= Visit Lunnon |access-date= 2015-06-04 |url-status= dead }}</ref> In 2010 the ten maist-visitit attractions in Lunnon war:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitlondon.com/attractions/culture/top-ten-attractions |title=Top 10 London Attractions |publisher=Visit Lunnon |date=1 April 2011 |accessdate=26 April 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1Gbp7Y?url=http://www.visitlondon.com/attractions/culture/top-ten-attractions |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> # [[British Museum]] # [[Tate Modern]] # [[National Gallery]] # [[Natural History Museum, Lunnon|Natural History Museum]] # [[Imperial War Museum]] # [[Science Museum (Lunnon)|Science Museum]] # [[Victoria an Albert Museum]] # [[Madame Tussauds]] # [[National Maritime Museum]] # [[Tower o Lunnon]] ===Housing crisis=== {{Main|Affordability o housing in the Unitit Kinrick}} Thousans o faimlies athoot hames fin thairsels stuck in emergency accommodation for at least twa year.<ref>{{cite news |title=Housing shortage leaves homeless families 'stuck' in hostels for two years |url= http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/housing-shortage-leaves-homeless-families-stuck-in-hostels-for-two-years-9652684.html |newspaper=The Independent |location= Lunnon |date= 6 August 2014 |author= Emily Dugan |accessdate=11 August 2014}}</ref> A growthe in the nummer o UK households haes led tae the homeless charity [[Shelter (charity)|Shelter]] statin: "This growth is a result o people livin langer, mair fowk livin on thair lanesomes or in weeer hoosehauds, an net migration."<ref>{{cite web |title= Immigration and housing |url= http://england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/132030/Factsheet_Immigration_and_housing.pdf |publisher= Shelter |page= 9 |access-date= 2015-06-04 |archive-date= 2014-11-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141128122805/http://england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/132030/Factsheet_Immigration_and_housing.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> ==Transport== {{Main|Transport in Lunnon|Infrastructure in Lunnon}} [[File:Black London Cab.jpg|right|thumb|A black Lunnon taxi, forbye kent as a [[hackney carriage]].]] Transport is ane o the fower main area o policy administered bi the Mayor o Lunnon,<ref name=Lunnon_121>{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/|title=Transport for London|publisher=Transport for Lunnon|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msa508h4?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/|archivedate=2010-01-18|url-status=live}}</ref> houiver the mayor's financial control disnae extend tae the langer distance rail network that enters Lunnon. In 2007 he assumed responsibility for some local lines, that nou form the [[Lunnon Overground]] network, adding tae the existin responsibility for the Lunnon Unnergrund, trams an buses. The public transport network is administered by [[Transport for Lunnon]] (TfL) an is ane o the priceymaist in the warld. The lines that formed the Lunnon Unnergrund, as weel as trams an buses, became pairt o an integratit transport system in 1933 when the [[Lunnon Passenger Transport Board]] or ''[[Lunnon Transport (brand)|Lunnon Transport]]'' wis creatit. Transport for Lunnon is nou the statutory corporation responsible for maist aspects o the transport system in Greater Lunnon, an is run by a board an a commissioner appyntit bi the [[Mayor o Lunnon]].<ref name=stat_tfl>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/help/faq.jsp#transport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019055413/http://www.london.gov.uk/help/faq.jsp#transport|archivedate=2007-10-19|title=How do I find out about transport in London?|publisher=Greater Lunnon Authority|accessdate=5 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Aviation=== {{Main|Airports o Lunnon}} [[File:Heathrow Terminal 5C Iwelumo-1.jpg|thumb|[[Lunnon Heathrow Airport]] is the busiest airport in the UK an Europe as well as the seicont busiest in the warld for international passenger traffic. ([[Lunnon Heathrow Terminal 5|Terminal 5]]C is pictured]] Lunnon is a major international air transport hub wi the lairgest ceety airspace in the warld.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}} Aicht airports uise the wird ''Lunnon'' in thair name, but maist traffic passes throu sax o thir. [[Lunnon Heathrow Airport]], in [[Lunnon Borough o Hillingdon|Hillingdon]], West Lunnon, is the [[World's busiest airport|busiest airport in the warld]] for international traffic, an is the major hub o the naition's banner carrier, [[British Airways]].<ref name=Lunnon_135>{{cite web|url=http://www.heathrowairport.com/|title=BAA Heathrow: Official Website|publisher=BAA|accessdate=27 April 2008|archive-date=2011-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195656/http://www.heathrowairport.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Mairch 2008 its fift terminal wis opened.<ref name=Lunnon_137>{{cite web|url=http://www.heathrow-airport-uk.info/heathrow-airport-terminal-5.htm|title=Heathrow Airport Terminal 5|publisher=TMC Ltd|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1I83JE?url=http://www.heathrow-airport-uk.info/heathrow-airport-terminal-5.htm|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Thare war plans for a third runway an a sixth terminal houiver thir war cancelled bi the [[Unitit Kinrick coalition government (2010–present)|Coalition Government]] on 12 Mey 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8678282.stm |title=Heathrow runway plans scrapped by new government |work=BBC News |date=12 May 2010 |accessdate=30 January 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1J2Xuu?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8678282.stm |archivedate=2011-05-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar traffic, wi some [[Low-cost carrier|cheap]] [[short-haul]] flights, is forbye handled at [[Gatwick Airport]], sooth o Lunnon in [[West Sussex]].<ref name=Lunnon_139>{{cite web|url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/|title=BAA Gatwick: Gatwick Airport|publisher=BAA|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1JBGRX?url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lunnon Stanstit Airport|Stanstit Airport]], north east o Lunnon in [[Essex]], is a local UK hub an [[Lunnon Luton Airport|Luton Airport]] tae the north o Lunnon in [[Bedfordshire]], caters maistly for cheap short-haul flights.<ref name=Lunnon_140>{{cite book|url=http://www.stanstedairport.com/|title=BAA Stansted : Stansted Airport|year=2008|publisher=BAA|accessdate=27 April 2008|isbn=978-0-86039-476-1|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1JkALo?url=http://www.stanstedairport.com/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_141>{{cite book|url=http://www.london-luton.co.uk/en/|title=London Luton Airport|publisher=Lunnon Luton Airport|accessdate=27 April 2008|isbn=978-0-11-510256-1|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1KGPZQ?url=http://www.london-luton.co.uk/en/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Lunnon ceety Airport]], the weeest an maist central airport, in [[Lunnon Borough o Newham|Newham]], East Lunnon, is focused on business travellers, wi a mixtur o fou service short-haul schedult flichts an considerable [[business jet]] traffic.<ref name=Lunnon_142>{{cite web|url=http://www.londoncityairport.com/Default.aspx|title=London City Airport&nbsp;— Corporate Information|publisher=Lunnon ceety Airport Ltd.|accessdate=6 June 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1Kyrhl?url=http://www.londoncityairport.com/Default.aspx|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Lunnon Southend Airport]], east o Lunnon in [[Essex]], is a smawer, regional airport that mainly caters for cheap short-haul flights. The [[Airports Commission]] is due tae report in Summer 2015 on future expansion o airport capacity. ===Rail=== ====Underground an DLR==== [[File:Baker Street tube station MMB 19 S Stock.jpg|thumb|The [[Lunnon Unnergrund]] is the warld's auldest an seicont-langest [[rapid transit]] system]] The [[Lunnon Unnergrund]], commonly referred tae as the Tube, is the auldest<ref name="Metro">{{Cite book |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/modesoftransport/londonunderground/1604.aspx |title=London Underground: History|author=Transport for Lunnon |accessdate=30 December 2012|isbn=978-0-904711-30-1 |ref=harv }}</ref> an seicont langest<ref name="railwaygazette.com"/> [[rapid transit|metro]] system in the warld. The system serves 270 [[metro station|stations]]<ref name="facts">{{Cite journal |title=Key facts |publisher=Transport for Lunnon |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/modesoftransport/londonunderground/1608.aspx |accessdate=15 October 2009 |ref=harv }}</ref> an wis formed frae several private companies, includin the warld's first unnerground electric line, the [[City an South Lunnon Railway]].<ref name="UrbanRail">{{cite book|url=http://de.geocities.com/u_london/london.htm|title=London Underground|last=Schwandl|first=Robert|year=2001|publisher=UrbanRail.net|accessdate=24 September 2006|isbn=978-3-936573-01-5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006013919/http://de.geocities.com/u_london/london.htm|archivedate=2006-10-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> It dates frae 1863. Ower three million journeys is made ilk a day on the Underground network, ower 1&nbsp;billion ilk a year.<ref name=Lunnon_124>{{cite press release |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/7103.html |title=Tube breaks record for passenger numbers |publisher=Transport for Lunnon |date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=5 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoJy1HWj?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/7103.html |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> An investment programme is attemptin tae reduce congestion an impruive reliability, includin £6.5&nbsp;billion (€7.7&nbsp;billion) spent afore the [[2012 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The London 2012 legacy |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/25869.aspx|publisher=Transport for Lunnon |accessdate= 11 August 2013}}</ref> The [[Docklands Light Railway]], that opened in 1987, is a seicont, mair local metro system uisin smawer an lighter tram-teep vehicles that serve [[Lunnon Docklands|Docklands]] an [[Greenwich]]. ====Suburban==== [[File:King's Cross Western Concourse.jpg|thumb|[[Keeng's Cross railway station]] Western Concourse]] Thare are 366 [[railway stations]] in the [[Lunnon fare zones|Lunnon Travelcard Zones]] on an extensive abuin-ground suburban railway network. South Lunnon, parteecularly, haes a heich concentration o railways as it haes fewer Underground lines. Maist rail lines terminate aroond the centre o Lunnon, running intae [[Lunnon station group|eighteen terminal stations]], cep for the [[Thameslink]] trains connecting [[Bedford]] in the north an [[Brighton]] in the sooth via [[Lunnon Luton Airport|Luton]] an [[Gatwick Airport|Gatwick]] airports.<ref name="Lunnon_127">{{cite web |url=http://www.firstcapitalconnect.co.uk/Main.php?sEvent=HomePage |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5nDd2BCwh?url=http://www.firstcapitalconnect.co.uk/Main.php?sEvent=HomePage |archivedate=2010-02-01 |title=First Capital Connect |publisher=First Capital Connect |accessdate=27 April 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lunnon haes Britain's busiest station&nbsp;by nummer o passengers – [[Lunnon Waterloo station|Waterloo]], wi ower 184&nbsp;million people uisin the interchange station complex (whilk includes [[Lunnon Waterloo East railway station|Waterloo East]] station) ilka year.<ref name="National Rail Station Usage">{{cite web |url= http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/server/show/nav.1529 |title= Rail Station Usage |publisher= Office o Rail Regulation |accessdate= 24 October 2009 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5QO6kHRpk?url=http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/server/show/nav.1529 |archivedate= 2007-07-17 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Tube exits">{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/corporate/modesoftransport/tube/performance/default.asp?onload=entryexit |title=Tube exits |publisher=Transport for Lunnon |accessdate=24 October 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QW719FI3?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/corporate/modesoftransport/tube/performance/default.asp?onload=entryexit |archivedate=2007-07-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{rws|Clapham Junction}} is the busiest station in Europe bi the nummer o trains passing. Wi the need for mair rail capacity in Lunnon, [[Crossrail]] is due tae open in 2018. It will be a new railway line runnin east tae wast throu Lunnon an intae the [[Home Counties]] wi a branch tae [[Heathrow Airport]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.crossrail.co.uk/route/maps/regional-map |title=Crossrail Regional Map |publisher= Crossrail |accessdate=8 September 2013}}</ref> It is Europe's biggest construction project, wi a £15 billion projectit cost.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16289051 |work=BBC News |title= Crossrail's giant tunnelling machines unveiled |date=2 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/crossrail-delayed-to-save-1631bn-2064629.html |newspaper= The Independent on Sunday |location= Lunnon |title= Crossrail delayed tae save £1bn |date= 29 August 2010 |first= Mark |last= Leftly |access-date= 2015-06-04 |archive-date= 2020-11-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201116062835/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/crossrail-delayed-to-save-1631bn-2064629.html |url-status= dead}}</ref> ====Inter-city an international==== [[File:St Pancras railway station MMB B9 373213.jpg|thumb|[[St Pancras railway station]] is the main terminal for heich speed [[Eurostar]] an [[HS1]] services, as well as suburban [[Thameslink]] an [[East Midlands Trains]] services.]] Lunnon is the centre o the [[National Rail]] network, wi 70 percent o rail journeys stairtin or endin in Lunnon.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rail|url=http://londonfirst.co.uk/our-focus/londons-transport-infrastructure/rail/|work=Lunnon First|publisher=Lunnon First|accessdate=5 April 2014|archive-date=2014-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083946/http://londonfirst.co.uk/our-focus/londons-transport-infrastructure/rail/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lik suburban rail services, regional an inter-ceety trains depart frae several termini aroon the ceety centre, linkin Lunnon wi the rest o Britain includin [[Cambridge]], [[Bristol]], [[Cardiff]], [[Exeter]], [[Birmingham]], [[Holyhead]], [[Sheffield]], [[Southampton]], [[Leeds]], [[Manchester]], [[Newcastle-upon-Tyne]], [[Edinburgh]] an [[Glasgow]]. Some international railway services tae [[Continental Europe]] wis operatit during the 20t century as [[boat train]]s, lik the ''[[Admiraal de Ruijter (train)|Admiraal de Ruijter]]'' tae [[Amsterdam]] an the ''[[Night Ferry]]'' tae Paris an Brussels. The openin o the [[Channel Tunnel]] in 1994 connectit Lunnon directly tae the continental rail network, allouin [[Eurostar]] services tae begin. Syne 2007, heich-speed trains link [[St Pancras railway station|St. Pancras International]] wi [[Lille]], [[Paris]], [[Brussels]] an European tourist destinations via the [[High Speed 1]] rail link an the [[Channel Tunnel]].<ref name=Lunnon_128>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurostar.com/dynamic/index.jsp;ERSPRDSession=LJqZB7nyKlW9lVLvZzK534LvMjL519fPDS4R0QGn51CprylVmjH8!685848002 |title=Eurostar |publisher=Eurostar |accessdate=6 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoJz4xiY?url=http://www.eurostar.com/dynamic/index.jsp;ERSPRDSession=LJqZB7nyKlW9lVLvZzK534LvMjL519fPDS4R0QGn51CprylVmjH8!685848002 |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first [[Southeastern (train operating company)|heich-speed domestic]] trains stairtit in Juin 2009 linking [[Kent]] tae Lunnon.<ref name="Southeastern Highspeed">{{cite web |url=http://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk/highspeed/ |title=Highspeed |publisher=Southeastern |accessdate=5 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoJzQVXK?url=http://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk/highspeed/ |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thare plans for a [[High Speed 2|seicont heich speed line]] linkin Lunnon tae the Midlands, North West England, an Yorkshire. ====Freight==== Awtho [[rail freight]] levels are far doun compared tae thair heicht, significant quantities o cargo are forby carried intae an oot o Lunnon by rail; chiefly biggin materials an [[landfill]] waste.<ref name="Freight Plan">August 2007, [https://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/rail-freight-strategy-aug-2007.pdf Rail Freight Strategy], [[Lunnon Rail]]</ref> As a major hub o the British railway network, Lunnon's tracks forby cairy lairge amounts o freight for the ither regions, sic as [[containerisation|container freight]] frae the Channel Tunnel an [[English Channel]] ports, an [[nuclear waste]] for [[nuclear reprocessing|reprocessing]] at [[Sellafield]].<ref name="Freight Plan"/> ===Buses an trams=== [[File:Arriva London bus DW262 (LJ59 GUA), 18 September 2010.jpg|thumb|The [[Lunnon buses|red double decker bus]] is an iconic seembol o Lunnon]] Lunnon's [[Lunnon Buses|bus network]] is ane o the lairgest in the warld, runnin 24 oor a day, wi aboot 8,500 buses, mair nor 700 bus routes an aroond 19,500 bus stops.<ref name="Buses">{{cite web|title=What we do – Buses|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/buses|work=Transport for Lunnon|publisher=Transport for Lunnon|accessdate=5 April 2014}}</ref> In 2013, the network haed mair nor 2 billion commuter trips per annum, mair nor the Underground.<ref name="Buses"/> Aroond £850&nbsp;million is taen in revenue ilk a year. Lunnon haes the lairgest wheelchair accessible network in the warld<ref name=Lunnon_131>{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3609.html|title=London's bus improvements get Parliamentary seal of approval|date=23 May 2006|publisher=Transport For Lunnon|accessdate=5 February 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1M9NgV?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/static/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3609.html|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> an, frae the 3rd quarter o 2007, becam mair accessible tae hearin- an sicht- impaired passengers as audio-visual announcements wis introduced. The distinctive reid [[double-decker bus]]es is a international recognised trademark o Lunnon transport alang wi [[Hackney carriage|black cabs]] an the Tube.<ref name=Lunnon_132>{{cite web |url= http://www.londonblackcabs.co.uk/ |title= London Black Cabs |publisher= Lunnon Black Cabs |accessdate= 27 April 2008 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1MLOHV?url=http://www.londonblackcabs.co.uk/ |archivedate= 2011-05-19 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_133>{{cite web |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/modalpages/2625.aspx |title= Tube |publisher= [[Transport for Lunnon]] |accessdate= 27 April 2008 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yoJwfagc?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/modalpages/2625.aspx |archivedate= 2011-05-20 |url-status= live }}</ref> Lunnon haes a modern tram network, kent as [[Tramlink]], centred on [[Croydon]] in [[South Lunnon]]. The network haes 39 stops an fower routes, an carried 28&nbsp;million bodies in 2013.<ref name=Trams>{{cite web|title=What we do – Trams|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/tramlink|work=Transport for Lunnon|publisher=Transport for Lunnon|accessdate=5 April 2014}}</ref> Syne Juin 2008 [[Transport for Lunnon]] haes completely owned Tramlink, an it plans tae spend £54m by 2015 on maintenance, renewals, upgrades an capacity enhancements.<ref name=Lunnon_134>{{cite web |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/tramlink-factsheet.pdf |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5o8t78IGj?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/tramlink-factsheet.pdf |archivedate= 2010-03-11 |date= Summer 2009 |publisher= Transport for Lunnon |title= Tramlink Factsheet |accessdate= 19 February 2010 |url-status= live }}</ref> ===Cable car=== Lunnon's first an anly cable car, kent as the [[Emirates Air Line (cable car)|Emirates Air Line]], opened in Juin 2012. Crossin the [[River Thames]], linking [[Greenwich Peninsula]] an the [[Royal Docks]] in the east o the ceety, the cable car is integratit wi Lunnon's Oyster Card ticketing system. ===Cycling=== [[File:Blue, Yellow and Red Boris Bikes 2015-05-01.jpg|thumb|[[Santander Cycles|Cycle hire]] docking station|200x200px]] [[Cycling in Lunnon|Cycling]] is an increasingly popular wey tae get aroond Lunnon. The launch o [[Santander Cycles|a cycle hire scheme]] in Julie 2010 haes been successfu an generally weel received. The [[Lunnon Cycling Campaign]] lobbies for better provision.<ref name="Lunnon_122">{{cite web|url=http://www.lcc.org.uk/|title=London Cycling Campaign|date=20 November 2006|publisher=Rosanna Downes|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo1Hlskj?url=http://www.lcc.org.uk/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Port an river boats=== Frae bein the lairgest port in the warld, the [[Port o Lunnon]] is nou anly the seicont-lairgest in the Unitit Kinrick, handling 45 million tonnes o cargo each year.<ref name=handling>{{cite web |url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/maritime/ports/provportstats2009 |title=ARCHIVED CONTENT&#93; Provisional Port Statistics 2009 |publisher=Department for Transport&nbsp;– Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk |accessdate=26 April 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoJx5cho?url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/maritime/ports/provportstats2009 |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> Most o this actually passes throu the [[Port o Tilbury]], ootside the boundary o Greater Lunnon. Lunnon haes frequent river boat services on the Thames kent as [[Thames Clippers]]. Thir run up tae every 20 minutes atween [[Embankment Pier]] an [[North Greenwich Pier]]. The [[Woolwich Ferry]], wi 2.5 million passengers every year,<ref>[http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/27762.aspx Transport for London: Woolwich Ferry, 50 years on] Retrieved 8 September 2013</ref> is a frequent service linking the [[North Circular Road|North]] an [[South Circular Road|South Circular]] Roads. Other operators run baith commuter an tourist boat services in Lunnon. ===Roads=== [[File:Rush hour on the A102 - geograph.org.uk - 205323.jpg|thumb|right|The [[A102 road|A102]], near [[Greenwich]]. This wis ane o the few routes proposed in the [[Lunnon Ringways|Ringways Plan]] wiin [[Inner Lunnon]] tae be biggit.]] Awtho the majority o journeys involvin central Lunnon are made bi public transport, car traivel is common in the suburbs. The [[Lunnon Inner Ring Road|inner ring road]] (aroond the ceety centre), the [[A406 road|North]] an [[A205 road|South Circular]] roads (in the suburbs), an the outer orbital [[motorway]] (the [[M25 motorway|M25]], athoot the biggit-up area) encircle the ceety an are intersectit by a nummer o busy radial routes—but verra few motorways penetrate intae [[inner Lunnon]]. A plan for a comprehensive network o motorways atouer the ceety (the [[Lunnon Ringways|Ringways Plan]]) wis prepared in the 1960s but wis maistly cancelt in the air 1970s. The M25 is the langest ring-road motorway in the warld at {{convert|121.5|mi|km|abbr=on}} long.<ref>Campbell, Ken (2000). "Guinness World Records 2001". p. 150.</ref><ref name=Lunnon_143>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/threecounties/travel/m25/m25_facts.shtml |title=Beds, Herts and Bucks Travel&nbsp;— All you need tae know about the M25 |publisher=BBC |date=17 August 1988 |accessdate=20 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK0nLrV?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/threecounties/travel/m25/m25_facts.shtml |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1]] an [[M1 motorway|M1]] connect Lunnon tae [[Leeds]], an [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] an [[Edinburgh]]. Lunnon is notorious for its traffic congestion, wi the M25 motorway the busiest stretch in the kintra. The average speed o a car in the rush oor is {{convert|10.6|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Lunnon_147>{{cite news |accessdate=1 September 2009 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/mar/16/boris-johnson-congestion-charge |title=Boris Johnson mulls 'intelligent' congestion charge system for London |work=The Guardian |location=Lunnon |first=Hélène |last=Mulholland |date=16 March 2009 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK1Mq9U?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/mar/16/boris-johnson-congestion-charge |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, a [[Lunnon congestion charge|congestion charge]] wis introduced tae reduce traffic volumes in the ceety centre. Wi a few exceptions, motorists are required tae pey £10 a day tae drive wiin a defined zone encompassing a fair bit o central Lunnon.<ref name="Lunnon_144">{{Cite journal |url= http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/roadusers/congestioncharge/whereandwhen/ |title= Charging Zone |publisher= Transport for Lunnon |accessdate= 7 June 2008 |ref= harv |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK0vSxb?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/roadusers/congestioncharge/whereandwhen/ |archivedate= 2011-05-20 |journal= |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Lunnon_145">{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/6741.aspx |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608124006/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/6741.aspx |archivedate=2008-06-08 |title=Who pays what |publisher=Transport for Lunnon |accessdate=7 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Motorists wha is resident o the defined zone can buy a greatly reduced saison pass.<ref name="Lunnon_146">{{cite web |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/6735.aspx |title=Residents |publisher=Transport for Lunnon |accessdate=7 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK17mHL?url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/roadusers/congestioncharging/6735.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lunnon government initially expectit the Congestion Charge Zone tae increase daily peak period Underground an bus users by 20,000 people, reduce road traffic bi 10 tae 15 per cent, increase traffic speeds by 10 tae 15 per cent, an reduce queues by 20 tae 30 per cent.<ref>Santos, Georgina; Button, Kenneth; Noll, Roger G. "Lunnon Congestion Charging/Comments." Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs. 15287084 (2008): 177,177–234.</ref> Ower the course o several years, the average nummer o cars enterin the centre o Lunnon on a weekday wis reduced frae 195,000 tae 125,000 cars&nbsp;– a 35-per-cent reduction o vehicles driven a day.<ref>Table 3 in Santos, Georgina; Button, Kenneth; Noll, Roger G. "Lunnon Congestion Charging/Comments." Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs.15287084 (2008): 177,177–234.</ref> ==Eddication== {{Main|Eddication in Lunnon}} ===Tertiary eddication=== [[File:Strand102.jpg|thumb|[[Keeng's College Lunnon]], established by Royal Charter haein been foondit by [[Keeng George IV]] an [[Duke o Wellington]] in 1829, is ane o the foundin colleges o the [[University o Lunnon]].]] [[File:Wilkins Building 2, UCL, London - Diliff.jpg|thumb|The Wilkins biggin at [[University College Lunnon]]]] Lunnon is a major centre o heicher eddication lair an research an its 43 varsities form the lairgest concentration o heicher education institutes in Europe.<ref name="Lunnon2"/> In 2008/09 it haed a higher education student population o aroond 412,000 (aboot 17 per cent o the UK tot); oot o thaim, aroond 287,000 wis registered for unnergraduate degrees an 118,000 war studyin at postgraduate level.<ref name=Lunnonhigher>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonhigher.ac.uk/396.html?&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=95&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=393&cHash=66a6e680d7|title=Numbers of students in London|accessdate=26 August 2010|publisher=Lunnon Higher|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK24fXt?url=http://www.londonhigher.ac.uk/396.html|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008/09 thare war aroond 97,150 international students in Lunnon, aboot 25 per cent o aw international students in the UK.<ref name=Lunnonhigher/> A nummer o warld-leadin education institutions are based in Lunnon. In the 2014/15 ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'', [[Imperial College Lunnon]] is ranked jynt 2nt in the warld (alongside [[The University o Cambridge]]), [[University College Lunnon]] (UCL) is ranked 5t, an [[Keeng's College Lunnon]] (KCL) is ranked 16t.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2014|title=QS World University Rankings – Overall for 2014|accessdate=13 November 2014}}</ref> The [[Lunnon School o Economics]] haes been describit as the warld's leadin social science institution for baith teaching an research.<ref name=Lunnon_156>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/sunday_times_university_guide/article2496158.ece |title=The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2007&nbsp;– Profile for London School of Economics |work=The Sunday Times |location=Lunnon |accessdate=6 June 2008 |date=23 September 2007 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK36cad?url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/sunday_times_university_guide/article2496158.ece |archivedate=2011-05-20 |first=Deirdre |last=Hipwell |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Lunnon Business School]] is considert ane o the warld's leadin business schuils an in 2015 its MBA programme wis ranked seicont best in the warld bi the ''[[Financial Times]]''.<ref name = "ft">{{cite news |url=http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/global-mba-rankings |title=FT Global MBA Rankings |work=Financial Times |location=Lunnon |accessdate=25 January 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK3NXwE?url=http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/global-mba-rankings |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wi 120,000 students in Lunnon,<ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|publisher=University o Lunnon|accessdate=1 December 2014|archive-date=2016-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905140556/http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> the federal [[University o Lunnon]] is the lairgest contact teaching varsity in the UK.<ref>[http://www.hesa.ac.uk/dox/dataTables/studentsAndQualifiers/download/institution0506.xls HESA Statistics: United Kingdom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044330/http://www.hesa.ac.uk/dox/dataTables/studentsAndQualifiers/download/institution0506.xls |date=2007-09-28 }}. HESA. Retrieved 6 April 2015</ref> It includes fower lairge multi-faculty varsities&nbsp;– [[Keeng's College Lunnon]], [[Queen Mary, University o Lunnon|Queen Mary]], [[Royal Holloway]] an [[University College Lunnon|UCL]]&nbsp;– an a nummer o smawer an mair specialised institutions includin [[Birkbeck College|Birkbeck]], the [[Courtauld Institute o Art]], [[Goldsmiths, University o Lunnon|Goldsmiths]], [[Guildhall School o Music an Drama]], the [[Institute o Education]], the [[Lunnon Business School]], the [[Lunnon School o Economics]], the [[Lunnon School o Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]], the [[Royal Academy o Music]], the [[Central School o Speech an Drama]], the [[Royal Veterinary College]] an the [[School o Oriental an African Studies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.ac.uk/colleges_institutes.html|title=Colleges and Institutes|accessdate=23 September 2010|publisher=University o Lunnon|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK4QvPy?url=http://www.london.ac.uk/colleges_institutes.html|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> Members o the University o Lunnon hae thair ain [[University an college admission|admissions]] procedures, an some awaird thair ain degrees. Thare a nummer o varsities in Lunnon that is ootwi the University o Lunnon system, includin [[Brunel University]], [[City University Lunnon]], [[Imperial College Lunnon]], [[Keengston University]], [[Lunnon Metropolitan University]], [[Middlesex University]], [[University o East Lunnon]], [[University o West Lunnon]] an [[University o Westminster]], (wi ower 34,000 students, the lairgest unitary varsity in Lunnon),<ref name=Lunnon_157>[http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/library/o90402_3.pdf About London Met] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124143209/http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/library/o90402_3.pdf |date=2009-01-24 }} Lunnon Metropolitan University, August 2008</ref> [[Lunnon South Bank University]], [[Middlesex University]], [[University o the Arts Lunnon]] (the lairgest varsity o airt, design, fashion, communication an the performin arts in Europe),<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2008/may/01/universityguide.highereducation42|title=University of the Arts London|accessdate=27 August 2010|work=The Guardian|location=Lunnon|date=1 May 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK4mSBu?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2008/may/01/universityguide.highereducation42|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> [[University o East Lunnon]], the [[University o West Lunnon]] an the [[University o Westminster]]. In addition, thare three international varsities in Lunnon&nbsp;– [[Regent's College]], [[Richmond University]] an [[Schiller International University]]. [[File:Royal College of Music - April 2007.jpg|thumb|The front façade o the [[Royal College o Music]]]] Lunnon is home tae [[Unitit Hospitals|five major medical schools]]&nbsp;– [[Barts an The Lunnon School o Medicine an Dentistry]] (pairt o [[Queen Mary, University o Lunnon|Queen Mary]]), [[Keeng's College Lunnon School o Medicine]] (the lairgest medical schuil in Europe), [[Imperial College School o Medicine]], [[UCL Medical School]] an [[St George's, University o Lunnon]]&nbsp;– an haes numerous affiliatit teaching hospitals. Forbye, it is a major centre for biomedical research, an three o the UK's five [[academic health science centre]]s is based in the ceety&nbsp;– [[Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust|Imperial College Healthcare]], [[Keeng's Health Partners]] an [[UCL Partners]] (the lairgest sic centre in Europe).<ref>{{Cite news |work=The Guardian |location=Lunnon |title=NHS hospitals tae forge £2bn research link-up with university |accessdate=6 September 2010 |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2008/aug/07/health.highereducation |date=7 August 2008 |first=John |last=Carvel |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK5JH6x?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2008/aug/07/health.highereducation |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> Thare are a nummer o business schuils in Lunnon, includin the [[Lunnon School o Business an Finance]], [[Cass Business School]] (pairt o [[City University Lunnon]]), [[Hult International Business School]], [[ESCP Europe]], [[European Business School Lunnon]], [[Imperial College Business School]] an the [[Lunnon Business School]]. Lunnon is hame tae mony specialeet arts education institutions an aa, includin the [[Lunnon College o Contemporary Arts (LCCA)]], the [[Academy o Live an Recorded Arts]], the [[Lunnon Contemporary Dance Scuil]], [[Royal Academy o Dramatic Art|RADA]], the [[Royal College o Art]], the [[Royal College o Music]] an [[Trinity Laban]]. ===Primary an secondary education=== The majority o primary an seicontar schuils an faur education colleges in Lunnon is controlt bi the [[Lunnon boroughs]] or otherwise state-funded; leadin ensaumples include [[City an Islington College]], [[Ealing, Hammersmith an West Lunnon College]], [[Leyton Sixth Form College]], [[Tower Hamlets College]] an [[Bethnal Green Academy]]. Thare a nummer o private schuils an colleges in Lunnon an aa, some auld an famous, lik [[City o Lunnon Scuil]], [[Harrow Scuil|Harrow]], [[St Paul's Scuil (Lunnon)|St Paul's Scuil]], [[University College Scuil]], [[Highgate Scuil]] an [[Westminster Scuil]]. ==Cultur== {{Main|Cultur o Lunnon}} ===Leisure an entertainment=== [[File:Open Happiness Piccadilly Circus Blue-Pink Hour 120917-1126-jikatu.jpg|thumb|right|[[Piccadilly Circus]]]] Wiin the [[City o Westminster]], the entertainment destrict o the [[West End o Lunnon|West End]] haes its focus aroond [[Leicester squerr]], whaur Lunnon an warld film [[premieres]] are held, an [[Piccadilly Circus]], wi its giant electronic advertisements.<ref name=Lunnon_160>{{cite web|url=http://www.piccadillylights.co.uk/|title=Piccadilly Lights|publisher=Land Securities|accessdate=3 November 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK7QmKt?url=http://www.piccadillylights.co.uk/|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lunnon's [[West End theatre|theatre]] destrict is here, as is mony cinemas, bars, clubs an restaurants, includin the ceety's [[Chinatown, Lunnon|Chinatown]] destrict (in [[Soho]]), an juist tae the east is [[Royal Opera House|Covent Garden]], an area hoosin speciality shops. The ceety is the hame o [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]], whase musicals hae dominate the West End theatre syne the late 20t century.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=AWaZ1LAFAZEC&dq=lloyd+webber+%22the+most+commercially+successful+composer+in+history.%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Sondheim and Lloyd-Webber: the new musical] ''The New York Times''.. refert tae Andrew Lloyd Webber as "the maist commercially successful composer in history"</ref> The Unitit Kinrick's [[Royal Ballet]], [[English National Ballet]], [[Royal Opera, Lunnon|Royal Opera]] an [[English National Opera]] are based in Lunnon an perform at the [[Royal Opera House]], the [[Lunnon Coliseum]], [[Sadler's Wells Theatre]] an the [[Royal Albert Hall]] as weel as tourin the kintra.<ref name="Lunnon's Concerts">{{cite web|url=http://www.yourlondon.gov.uk/visiting/topic.jsp?topicid=6482&search_title=Theatres+and+concert+halls|title=Theatres and concert halls.|publisher=Your Lunnon|accessdate=6 June 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124185332/http://www.yourlondon.gov.uk/visiting/topic.jsp?topicid=6482&search_title=Theatres+and+concert+halls|archivedate=2008-01-24|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Harrods at Night, London - Nov 2012.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Harrods]] in [[Knightsbridge]]]] [[Islington]]'s {{convert|1|mi|km}} lang Upper Street, extendin northlins frae [[Angel, Lunnon|Angel]], haes mair bars an restaurants nor ony ither street in the Unitit Kinrick.<ref name=Lunnon_161>{{Cite journal|title=2001: Public houses|publisher=BBC|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/local_history/city/street_03.shtml?publichouses|accessdate=4 June 2008|ref=harv|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK7ebGH?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/local_history/city/street_03.shtml?publichouses|archivedate=2011-05-20|journal=|url-status=live}}</ref> Europe's busiest shoppin airt is [[Oxford Street]], a shoppin street near {{convert|1|mi|km}} lang, makin it the langest shoppin street in the Unitit Kinrick. Oxford Street is hame tae vast nummers o retailers an [[department stores]], includin the warld-famous [[Selfridges]] [[Flagship store#Retailing|flagship store]].<ref name=Lunnon_162>{{Cite journal| url=http://www.london.gov.uk/londoner/06sep/p7a.jsp| publisher=[[The Lunnoner]]| title=Oxford Street gets its own dedicated local police team| date=September 2006| accessdate=19 June 2007| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204913/http://www.london.gov.uk/londoner/06sep/p7a.jsp| archivedate=2007-09-30| ref=harv| journal=| url-status=live}}</ref> [[Knightsbridge]], hame tae the equally renowned [[Harrods]] [[department store]], lees tae the sooth-wast. [[File:London, UK (August 2014) - 156.JPG|thumb|right|[[Shakespeare's Globe]] is a modren reconstruction o the Globe Theatre on the sooth bank o the River Thames]] Lunnon is home tae designers [[Vivienne Westwood]], [[John Galliano|Galliano]], [[Stella McCartney]], [[Manolo Blahnik]], an [[Jimmy Choo]] amang others; its renowned airt an fashion schuils mak it an international centre o fashion alang wi [[Paris]], [[Milan]], an [[New York ceety]]. Lunnon offers a great variety o cuisine as a result o its ethnically diverse population. Gastronomic centres include the [[Bangladesh]]i restaurants o [[Brick Lane]] an the [[Chinese food]] restaurants o [[Chinatown, Lunnon|Chinatown]].<ref name=Lunnon_163>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinatownlondon.org/|title=Chinatown&nbsp;— Official website|publisher=Chinatown Lunnon|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK84XXn?url=http://www.chinatownlondon.org/|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thare is a variety o [[Leet o annual events in Lunnon|annual events]], beginnin wi the relatively new [[New Year's Day Parade]], fireworks display at the [[Lunnon Eye]], the warld's seicont lairgest [[street party]], the [[Notting Hill Carnival]] is held durin the late [[August Bank Holiday]] ilka year. Traditional parades include November's [[Lord Mayor's Show]], a centuries-auld event celebrating the annual appointment o a new [[Lord Mayor o the ceety o Lunnon]] wi a procession alang the streets o the ceety, an Juin's [[Trooping the Colour]], a formal military pageant performed by regiments o the [[Commonwealth o Nations|Commonwealth]] an [[British Army|British]] armies tae celebrate the [[Queen's Official Birthday]].<ref name=Lunnon_164>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4820.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620233221/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4820.asp|archivedate=2008-06-20|title=One Queen, Two Birthdays|publisher=Royal Government|accessdate=27 September 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Literature, film an television=== {{Main|Lunnon in fiction|Lunnon in film|Leet o films set in Lunnon|Leet o television shows set in Lunnon|Lunnon Television Archive}} [[File:Keats House.jpg|thumb|[[Keats House]], whaur [[John Keats|Keats]] wrote his ''[[Ode tae a Nightingale]]''. The veelage o [[Hampstead]] haes historically been a literary centre in Lunnon.]] Lunnon haes been the setting for mony works o literature. The literary centres o Lunnon hae tradeetionally been hilly [[Hampstead]] an (syne the early 20t century) [[Bloomsbury]]. Writers closely associatit wi the ceety are the diarist [[Samuel Pepys]], notit for his eyewitness accoont o the [[Great Fire o Lunnon|Great Fire]], [[Charles Dickens]], whose representation o a foggy, snawy, grimy Lunnon o street sweepers an pickpockets haes been a major influence on people's vision o early [[Victorian era|Victorian]] Lunnon, an [[Virginia Woolf]], regarded as ane o the foremost [[modrenism|modrenist]] literary figurs o the 20t century.<ref name="Lunnon in Literature">{{cite web|url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/library/speccoll/guides/london/londoninliterature.shtml|title=London in Literature,|publisher=Bryn Mawr College|accessdate=6 June 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK8S7iR?url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/library/speccoll/guides/london/londoninliterature.shtml|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Sherlock Holmes Museum.jpg|left|thumb|[[Sherlock Holmes Museum]] in [[Baker Street]], bearing the nummer 221B]] The pilgrims in [[Geoffrey Chaucer]]'s late 14t-century ''[[The Canterbury Tales|Canterbury Tales]]'' set oot for [[Canterbury]] frae Lunnon&nbsp;– specifically, frae the [[The Tabard|Tabard]] inn, [[Southwark]]. [[William Shakespeare]] spent a lairge pairt o his life livin an working in Lunnon; his contemporary [[Ben Jonson]] wis forby based thare, an some o his work—maist notably his play ''[[The Alchemist (play)|The Alchemist]]''—wis set in the ceety.<ref name="Lunnon in Literature" /> ''[[A Journal o the Plague Year]]'' (1722) bi [[Daniel Defoe]] is a fictionalisation o the events o the 1665 [[Great Plague o Lunnon|Great Plague]].<ref name="Lunnon in Literature" /> Later important depictions o Lunnon frae the 19t an early 20t centuries are Dickens' novels, an [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s [[Sherlock Holmes]] stories.<ref name="Lunnon in Literature" /> Modern writers pervasively influenced bi the ceety include [[Peter Ackroyd]], author o a "biography" o Lunnon, an [[Iain Sinclair]], wha writes in the genre o [[psychogeography]]. Lunnon haes played a significant role in the film industry, an haes major studios at [[Ealing Studios|Ealing]] an a [[special effect]]s an [[post-production]] community centred in [[Soho]]. [[Working Title Films]] haes its headquarters in Lunnon.<ref name=Lunnon_165>{{cite web|url=http://www.workingtitlefilms.com/|title=Working Title Films|publisher=Universal Studios|accessdate=27 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK8c0bN?url=http://www.workingtitlefilms.com/|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> Lunnon haes been the setting for films includin ''[[Oliver Twist (1948 film)|Oliver Twist]]'' (1948), ''[[Scrooge (1951 film)|Scrooge]]'' (1951), ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' (1953), ''[[101 Dalmatians (1996 film)|The 101 Dalmatians]]'' (1961), ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' (1964), ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' (1964), ''[[Blowup]]'' (1966), ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]'' (1999), ''[[Love Actually]]'' (2003), ''[[V For Vendetta (film)|V For Vendetta]]'' (2005), ''[[Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber o Fleet Street]]'' (2008) an ''[[The King's Speech]]'' (2010). Notable actors an filmmakers frae Lunnon include; [[Charlie Chaplin]], [[Alfred Hitchcock]], [[Michael Caine]], [[Helen Mirren]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Christopher Nolan]], [[Jude Law]], [[Tom Hardy]], [[Keira Knightley]] an [[Daniel Day-Lewis]]. As o 2008, the [[British Academy Film Awards]] haes taen place at the [[Royal Opera House]]. Lunnon is a major centre for television production, wi studios includin [[BBC Television Centre]], [[The Fountain Studios]] an [[The Lunnon Studios]]. Mony television programmes hae been set in Lunnon, includin the popular television soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]'', broadcast bi the BBC syne 1985. ===Museums an art galleries=== [[File:Galería Nacional, Londres, Inglaterra, 2014-08-07, DD 035.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[National Gallery|The National Gallery]]]] Lunnon is [[Leet o museums in Lunnon|home tae mony museums]], galleries, an ither institutions, mony o thaim free o admission charges an are major [[tourist attraction]]s as weel as playin a research role. The first o thaim tae be established wis the [[British Museum]] in [[Bloomsbury]], in 1753. oreeginally containin antiquities, naitural history specimens an the national leebrar, the museum nou haes 7&nbsp;million artefacts frae aroond the globe. In 1824 the [[National Gallery]] wis foondit tae hoose the British national collection o Western pentins; this nou occupies a prominent poseetion in [[Trafalgar squerr]]. In the latter hauf o the 19t century the locale o [[South Kensington]] wis developed as "[[Albertopolis]]", a cultural an scientific quarter. Three major national museums are thare: the [[Victoria an Albert Museum]] (for the [[applied arts]]), the [[Natural History Museum, Lunnon|Natural History Museum]] an the [[Lunnon Science Museum|Science Museum]]. The [[National Portrait Gallery, Lunnon|National Portrait Gallery]] wis foondit in 1856 tae hoose depictions o figurs frae British history; its holdings nou comprise the warld's maist extensive collection o portraits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/about/organisation.php|title=Organisation|publisher=National Portrait Gallery|accessdate=18 November 2013}}</ref> The national gallery o British airt is at [[Tate Britain]], oreeginally established as an annexe o the National Gallery in 1897. The Tate Gallery, as it wis umwhile kent, became a major centre for modern airt an aa; in 2000 this collection muived tae [[Tate Modern]], a new gallery housed in the umwhile [[Bankside Power Station]]. ===Music=== [[File:Royal Albert Hall Crop, London - Nov 2012.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Royal Albert Hall]] hosts concerts an muisical events]] Lunnon is ane o the major [[Classical music|classical]] an [[popular music]] capitals o the warld an is hame tae major muisic corporations, sic as [[EMI]] an [[Warner Music Group]] as weel as countless bands, musicians an industry professionals. The ceety is home tae mony orchestras an concert halls an aa, lik the [[Barbican Arts Centre]] (principal base o the [[Lunnon Symphony Orchestra]] an the [[Lunnon Symphony Chorus]]), [[Cadogan Hall]] ([[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra]]) an the [[Royal Albert Hall]] ([[The Proms]]).<ref name="Lunnon's Concerts" /> Lunnon's twa main opera houses are the [[Royal Opera House]] an the [[Coliseum Theatre]].<ref name="Lunnon's Concerts" /> The UK's lairgest [[pipe organ]] is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals an major kirks. Several [[conservatoire]]s are wiin the ceety: [[Royal Academy o Music]], [[Royal College o Music]], [[Guildhall School o Music an Drama]] an [[Trinity College o Music]]. [[File:Abbey Rd Studios.jpg|right|thumb|[[Abbey Road Studios]], 3 [[Abbey Road (street)|Abbey Road]], [[St John's Wood]], ceety o Westminster]] Lunnon haes numerous venues for rock an pop concerts, includin lairge arenas sic as [[Earls Court Exhibition Centre|Earls Court]], [[Wembley Arena]] an the [[The O2 Arena (Lunnon)|O₂ Arena]], as weel as mony mid-sized venues, sic as [[Brixton Academy]], the [[Hammersmith Apollo]] an the [[Shepherd's Bush Empire]].<ref name="Lunnon's Concerts" /> Several [[music festivals]], includin the [[Wireless Festival]], are held in Lunnon. The ceety is hame tae the first an oreeginal [[Hard Rock Cafe]] an the [[Abbey Road Studios]] whaur [[The Beatles]] recorded mony o thair hits. In the 1960s, 1970s an 1980s, musicians an groups lik [[Elton John]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[David Bowie]], [[Queen (baund)|Queen]], [[The Kinks]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[The Who]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Small Faces]], [[Iron Maiden]], [[Fleetwood Mac]], [[Elvis Costello]], [[Cat Stevens]], [[The Police]], [[The Cure]], [[Madness (baund)|Madness]], [[The Jam]], [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Phil Collins]], [[Rod Stewart]] an [[Sade (baund)|Sade]], derived thair sound frae the streets an rhythms vibrating throu Lunnon.<ref name="Top40">{{cite book |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2006/04/06/garycrowley_londontop40_feature.shtml |title=London's top 40 artists |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=BBC |accessdate=9 September 2008 |isbn=978-0-89820-135-2}}</ref> Lunnon wis instrumental in the development o [[punk muisic]],<ref name=Lunnon_172>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d204 |publisher=Allmusic |title=Punk |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archive-date=2011-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426153907/http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d204 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wi figurs sic as the [[Sex Pistols]], [[The Clash]],<ref name="Top40"/> an [[Vivienne Westwood]] aw based in the ceety. Mair recent artists tae emerge frae the Lunnon music scene include [[George Michael]], [[Kate Bush]], [[Seal (muisicker)|Seal]], [[Siouxsie an the Banshees]], [[Bush (baund)|Bush]], the [[Spice Girls]], [[Jamiroquai]], [[Blur (baund)|Blur]], [[The Prodigy]], [[Gorillaz]], [[Mumford & Sons]], [[Coldplay]], [[Amy Winehouse]] an [[Adele]].<ref name="Scene">{{cite web|url=http://www.londonbc.co.uk/history-of-music-in-london.html|title=History of music in London|publisher=The Lunnon Music Scene|accessdate=2 August 2009|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK9hhlR?url=http://www.londonbc.co.uk/history-of-music-in-london.html|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Walker, Tim (28 July 2008). [http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/mumford--sons-the-luminaire-london-878562.html "Mumford & Sons, The Luminaire, London"]. ''The Independent'' (Lunnon). Retrieved 13 October 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/musicblog/2011/dec/09/10-classic-club-nights |title=From the Dug Out and dreads tae DMZ and dubstep: 10 classic club nights |work=Guardian Music Blog |location =Lunnon |author=Warren, Emma |accessdate= 13 October 2012 |date=9 December 2011}}</ref> Lunnon is a centre for urban music an aa. In parteecular, the genres [[UK garage]], [[drum an bass]], [[dubstep]] an [[grime (music)|grime]] evolved in the ceety frae the furren genres o [[hip hop]] an [[reggae]], anent local [[drum an bass]]. Black music station [[BBC Radio 1Xtra]] wis set up tae support the rise o home-grown urban music baith in Lunnon an in the rest o the UK. ==Notable fowk== {{Main|Leet o fowk frae Lunnon}} ==Recreation== ===Parks an open spaces=== {{Main|Parks an open spaces in Lunnon|Royal Parks o Lunnon}} {{see also|Leet o Sites o Special Scientific Interest in Greater Lunnon|Leet o Local Nature Reserves in Greater Lunnon}} {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | image1 = Aerial view of Hyde Park.jpg | width1 = 220 | caption1 = Aerial view o [[Hyde Park, Lunnon|Hyde Park]] | alt1 = Hyde Park | image2 = St James's Park Lake – East from the Blue Bridge - 2012-10-06.jpg | width2 = 220 | caption2 = [[St. James's Park]] lake wi the Lunnon Eye in the distance | alt2 = Lake wi Lunnon Eye in the background }} The mucklest pairks in the [[Central Lunnon|central area o Lunnon]] are three o the aicht [[Royal Parks o Lunnon|Royal Parks]], namely [[Hyde Park, Lunnon|Hyde Park]] an its neebur [[Kensington Gardens]] in the wast, an [[Regent's Park]] tae the north.<ref name=Lunnon_080>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/kensington_gardens/|title=Kensington Gardens|year=2008|publisher=The Royal Parks|accessdate=26 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0tndiN?url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/kensington_gardens/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hyde Park in parteecular is popular for [[Lunnon#Sports|sports]] an whiles hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park conteens [[Lunnon Zoo]], the warld's auldest scientific zoo, an is near the tourist attraction o [[Madame Tussauds]] Wax Museum.<ref name=Lunnon_081>{{cite web|url=http://www.madametussauds.com/London/About.aspx|title=Madame Tussauds&nbsp;— Official website|publisher=Madame Tussauds|accessdate=6 June 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0uQJ4x?url=http://www.madametussauds.com/London/About.aspx|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_082>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourist-information-uk.com/madame-tussauds.htm|title=Madame Tussauds&nbsp;— Tourist Information|publisher=Tourist Information UK|accessdate=26 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0v6PMD?url=http://www.tourist-information-uk.com/madame-tussauds.htm|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Primrose Hill]] in the northren pairt o Regent's Park at {{convert|256|ft|0}}<ref name=mills>Mills, A., ''Dictionary o Lunnon Place Names'', (2001)</ref> is a popular spot tae view the ceety skyline. Close tae Hyde Park are smawer Royal Parks, [[Green Park]] an [[St. James's Park]].<ref name=Lunnon_083>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/green_park/|title=Green Park|year=2008|publisher=The Royal Parks|accessdate=26 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5nE6fuYvF?url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/green_park/|archivedate=2010-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> A nummer o lairge parks lie ootside the ceety centre, includin the remainin Royal Parks o [[Greenwich Park]] tae the sooth-east<ref name=Lunnon_170>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/greenwich_park/|title=Greenwich Park|year=2008|publisher=The Royal Parks|accessdate=26 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0w5wlZ?url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/greenwich_park/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> an [[Bushy Park]] an [[Richmond Park]] (the lairgest) tae the sooth-wast,<ref name=Lunnon_084>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/bushy_park/|title=Bushy Park|year=2008|publisher=The Royal Parks|accessdate=26 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0wb1mJ?url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/bushy_park/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_085>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond_park/|title=Richmond Park|year=2008|publisher=The Royal Parks|accessdate=26 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0x5bB5?url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond_park/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Hampton Court Park]] is a royal park an aa, but, acause it conteens a palace, it is administered bi the [[Historic Royal Palaces]], unlik the aicht [[Royal Parks o Lunnon|Royal Parks]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.richmond.gov.uk/home/services/leisure_and_culture/parks_and_open_spaces/park_details.htm?parkId=268 |title=Richmond Borough Council |access-date=2015-06-04 |archive-date=2015-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826172424/http://www.richmond.gov.uk/home/services/leisure_and_culture/parks_and_open_spaces/park_details.htm?parkId=268 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Close tae Richmond Park is [[Kew Gardens]] whilk haes the warld's lairgest collection o livin plants. In 2003, the gardens war pit on the [[Unitit Nations Educational, Scientific an Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] leet o [[Leet o World Heritage Sites o the Unitit Kinrick|World Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.kew.org/ksheets/pdfs/k16kewhistory.pdf|title= Kew, History & Heritage|author= |work= |publisher= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|accessdate= 24 January 2013|archive-date= 2008-08-29|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080829192523/http://www.kew.org/ksheets/pdfs/k16kewhistory.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref> Thare a thrang o parks administert bi Lunnon's borough cooncils, includin [[Victoria Park, Lunnon|Victoria Park]] in the [[East End]] an [[Battersea Park]] in the centre. Some mair informal, semi-naitural open spaces exist, includin the {{convert|320|ha|acre|sing=on}} [[Hampstead Heath]] o [[North Lunnon]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Environment_and_planning/Parks_and_open_spaces/Hampstead_Heath/|title=City of London Corporation Hampstead Heath|publisher=City o Lunnon Corporation|accessdate=19 February 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0xBire?url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Environment_and_planning/Parks_and_open_spaces/Hampstead_Heath/|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> an [[Epping Forest]], whilk covers 2,476 hectares (6,118.32 acres)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://217.154.230.195/NR/rdonlyres/A3CB6563-4D0D-4C35-AC7F-818C28306E79/0/OS_EF_Dogs.pdf |title= Epping Forest You & Your Dog |work= brochure |publisher= ceety o Lunnon |accessdate= 13 March 2010 |archive-date= 2011-07-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110704191340/http://217.154.230.195/NR/rdonlyres/A3CB6563-4D0D-4C35-AC7F-818C28306E79/0/OS_EF_Dogs.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> in the east. Baith is controlt bi the [[City o Lunnon Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Ramblers |url=http://www.ramblers.org.uk/info/parks/name/c/corporationoflondon.htm |title=Corporation of London Open Spaces |publisher=Ramblers.org.uk |accessdate=12 December 2011 |archive-date=2008-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029232404/http://www.ramblers.org.uk/info/parks/name/c/corporationoflondon.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=City o Lunnon|title=Green spaces|accessdate=27 July 2012|archive-date=2012-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721005003/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hampstead Heath incorporates [[Kenwood House]], the umwhile [[stately home]] an a popular location in the summer months whaur classical muisical concerts is held bi the lake, attracting thousans o fowk ilka weekend tae enjoy the muisic, scenery an fireworks.<ref name=Lunnon_086>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.00100200800k00800f|title=Kenwood House|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=26 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0xs5EE?url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.00100200800k00800f|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Epping Forest is a popular venue for various outdoor activities, includin moontain biking, walking, horse ridin, golf, anglin, an orienteerin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/epping-forest/Pages/default.aspx|title=Epping Forest|work=cityofLunnon.gov.uk|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2012-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811004010/https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/epping-forest/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Walking=== [[File:Carshalton 2007.jpg|thumb|[[Carshalton]] Ponds, on the [[Wandle Trail]] in the [[Lunnon Borough o Sutton]]]] [[Walking in Lunnon|Walking is a popular recreational activity in Lunnon]]. Areas that provide for walks include [[Wimbledon Common]], [[Epping Forest]], [[Hampton Court Park]], [[Hampstead Heath]], the aicht [[Royal Parks]], canals an disuised railway tracks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.innerlondonramblers.org.uk/ideasforwalks.html|title=Inner London Ramblers - Walk Ideas|author=Phil Marson|work=innerLunnonramblers.org.uk|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=2020-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119050940/https://www.innerlondonramblers.org.uk/ideasforwalks.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Access tae canals an rivers haes improved recently, includin the creation o the [[Thames Path]], some {{convert|28|mi|km}} o whilk is wiin [[Greater Lunnon]], an The [[Wandle Trail]]; this rins {{convert|12|mi|km}} throu [[South Lunnon]] alang the [[River Wandle]], a [[tributaries o the River Thames|tributary o the River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sustrans.org.uk/ncn/map/route/wandle-trail|title=Wandle Trail - Map|work=Sustrans}}</ref> Ither [[long distance path]]s, linkin green spaces, hae been creatit an aa, includin the [[Capital Ring]], the [[Green Chain Walk]], [[Lunnon Outer Orbital Path]] ("Loop"), [[Jubilee Walkway]], [[Lea Valley Walk]], an the [[Diana, Princess o Wales Memorial Walk]].<ref>Ideas for Lunnon walks frae the Inner Lunnon Walking Group</ref> ===Sports=== {{Main|Sport in Lunnon}} {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = Wembley Stadium interior.jpg | width1 = 225 | caption1 = [[Wembley Stadium]], hame o the [[Ingland fitba team]], has a 90,000 capacity. It is the UK's mucklemaist stadium | alt1 = The interior o a empy stadium as viewed frae its upper tier o seatin. The seats is a vivid red an the pick is a vivid green. The pale grey sky is visible throuch a openin in the ceilin abuin the pick. | image2 = Twickenham Stadium - May 2012.jpg | width2 = 225 | caption2 = [[Twickenham Stadium|Twickenham]], hame o the [[Ingland naitional rugby union team|Ingland rugby union team]], has an 82,000 capacity, the warld's lairgest rugby union stadium | alt2 = A rugby union stadium packed wi fans watchin a game | image3 = Centre Court, 28 March 2012.jpg | width3 = 225 | caption3 = [[Centre Court]] at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]. First played in 1877, the Championships is the auldest tennis tournament in the warld.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/06/14/tennis.wimbledon.125th.anniversary.museum/index.html 125 years of Wimbledon: frae birth of lawn tennis tae modren marvels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218114004/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/06/14/tennis.wimbledon.125th.anniversary.museum/index.html |date=2020-02-18 }} CNN. Retrieved 28 September 2011</ref> | alt3 = Centre Court, Wimbledon | image4 = Lord's in 2005.jpg | width4 = 225 | caption4 = [[Lord's Cricket Ground]] is widely referred tae as the "hame o cricket".<ref>{{cite web|title=Lord's|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/england/content/ground/57129.html|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]|accessdate=22 August 2009}}</ref> | alt4 = A cricket ground during a game }} Lunnon haes hostit the [[Summer Olympic Gemmes|Simmer Olympics]] three times: in [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908]], [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948]], an [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012]].<ref name=Lunnon_173>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/london-1908-summer-olympics|title=London 1908|publisher=International Olympic Committee|accessdate=5 February 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoK9wPnn?url=http://www.olympic.org/london-1908-summer-olympics|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Lunnon_174>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/london-1948-summer-olympics|title=London 1948|publisher=International Olympic Committee|accessdate=5 February 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoKBZHIo?url=http://www.olympic.org/london-1948-summer-olympics|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> It wis chosen in Julie 2005 tae host the 2012 Olympics an [[2012 Summer Paralympics|Paralympics]], makin it the first ceety tae host the modren Gemmes three times.<ref name=IOC/> The ceety wis forby the host o the [[Commonweel Gemmes|Breetish Empire Gemmes]] in [[1934 Breetish Empire Gemmes|1934]].<ref name=Lunnon_175>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=ENG|title=England&nbsp;— Introduction|publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation|accessdate=3 November 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoKDfTeZ?url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=ENG|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2017 Lunnon hostit the [[2017 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships in Athletics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135963.html |title=London Defeats Doha tae host 2017 International Athletics Championships |publisher=Gamesbids.com |accessdate=13 December 2011 |archive-date=2011-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113180038/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135963.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lunnon's [[Sport in the Unitit Kinrick#Popularity|maist popular sport]] is [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] an it haes fourteen [[The Football League|League]] fitbaa clubs, includin sax in the [[Premier League]]: [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]], [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]], [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], an [[West Ham Unitit F.C.|West Ham United]].<ref name=Lunnon_176>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/ContactUs/Postings/2004/03/premier_league_contacts.htm|title=TheFA.com&nbsp;— Premier League|date=17 January 2004|work=The FA.com|publisher=The Football Association|accessdate=29 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041027030131/http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/ContactUs/Postings/2004/03/premier_league_contacts.htm|archivedate=2004-10-27|url-status=live}}</ref> In Mey 2012, Chelsea becam the first Lunnon club tae win the [[UEFA Champions League]]. Frae 1924, the oreeginal [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] wis the hame o the [[Inglish naitional fitba team]]. It hostit the [[1966 FIFA World Cup Final]], wi Ingland defeatin Wast Germany, an serd as the venue for the [[FA Cup Final]] as weel as [[rugby league]]'s [[Challenge Cup]] final.<ref name=Lunnon_178>{{cite web|url=http://www.wembleystadium.com/GloriousPast/greatmoments/1steverwembleyFACupFinal.htm|title=Wembley Stadium History&nbsp;— Official Website|publisher=Wembley National Stadium Limited.|accessdate=29 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403102710/http://www.wembleystadium.com/GloriousPast/greatmoments/1steverwembleyFACupFinal.htm|archivedate=2008-04-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new [[Wembley Stadium]] sers exactly the same purposes an haes a capacity o 90,000.<ref name="Wembley Stadium Facts an figurs">{{Cite journal | url=http://www.wembleystadium.com/pressbox/presspack/factsandFigures.htm | title=Wembley Stadium&nbsp;— Presspack&nbsp;— Facts and Figures | publisher=Wembley National Stadium Limitit | accessdate=6 June 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516051636/http://www.wembleystadium.com/pressbox/presspack/factsandFigures.htm | archivedate=2008-05-16 | journal= | url-status=live }}</ref> Five [[English Premiership (rugby union)|Aviva Premiership]] rugby union teams is based in Lunnon, ([[Lunnon Irish]], [[Saracens F.C.|Saracens]], [[Lunnon Wasps|Wasps]], [[Lunnon Welsh]] an [[Harlequin F.C.|Harlequins]]), awbesit currently anly Harlequins an Saracens play thair hame gemmes wiin Greater Lunnon.<ref name=Lunnon_177>{{cite web |url=http://www.premiershiprugby.com/clubs/index.php |title=Premiership Rugby: Clubs |publisher=Premier Rugby |accessdate=5 August 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoKEiEV8?url=http://www.premiershiprugby.com/clubs/index.php |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Lunnon Scottish F.C.|Lunnon Scottish]] play in the [[RFU Championship]] club an ither rugby union clubs in the ceety include [[Richmond F.C.]], [[Rosslyn Park F.C.]], [[Westcombe Park R.F.C.]] an [[Blackheath F.C.]]. [[Twickenham Stadium]] in sooth-wast Lunnon is the naitional [[rugby union]] stadium, an haes a capacity o 82,000 nou that the new sooth staund haes been completit.<ref name="musiccap">{{Cite press release |publisher=Twickenham Rugby Stadium |title=RFU apply for two additional concerts at Twickenham Stadium in 2007 |url=http://www.rfu.com/microsites/twickenham/index.cfm?StoryID=14822 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625050620/http://www.rfu.com/microsites/twickenham/index.cfm?StoryID=14822 |archivedate=2008-06-25 |date=3 October 2006 |ref=harv |access-date=2015-06-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While [[rugby league]] is mair popular in the north o England, thare are twa professional rugby league clubs in Lunnon&nbsp;– the seicont tier [[Rugby League National Championship 1|Championship One]] team the [[Lunnon Broncos]] wha play at [[The Hive Stadium|The Hive]] in [[Edgware]] an the third tier [[League 1 (rugby league)|League 1]] team the [[Lunnon Skolars]] frae [[Wood Green]], [[Lunnon Borough o Haringey|Haringey]]; in addition, [[Hemel Stags]] frae [[Hemel Hempstead]] north o Lunnon play in League 1 an aa. Ane o Lunnon's best-kent annual sports competitions is the [[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon Tennis Championships]], held at the [[All England Lawn Tennis an Croquet Club|All England Club]] in the sooth-wastren suburb o [[Wimbledon, Lunnon|Wimbledon]].<ref name=Lunnon_181>{{cite web|url=http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423182334/http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/index.html|archivedate=2008-04-23|title=Wimbledon&nbsp;— official website|publisher=The aw England Tennis an Croquet Club (AELTC)|accessdate=29 April 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> Played in late Juin tae early Julie, it is the auldest tennis tournament in the warld, an widely considered the maist prestigious.<ref>{{cite news|title=Traditional Final: It's Nadal and Federer|work=The New York Times | date=7 May 2008| first=Christopher| last = Clarey| quote = Federer said[:] 'I love playing wi him, especially here at Wimbledon, the most prestigious tournament we have.'| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/05/sports/tennis/05wimbledon.html?ref=tennis|accessdate = 17 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia| editor = Will Kaufman & Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson| encyclopedia = Britain an the Americas| title = Tennis|year = 2005 | publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]| volume=1 : Culture, Politics, an History| isbn = 1-85109-431-8| page=958 |quote = this first tennis championship, whilk later evolved intae the Wimbledon Tournament ... continues as the warld's maist prestigious event.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=What Is The Most Prestigious Grand Slam Tennis Tournament?|url= http://www.forbes.com/sites/monteburke/2012/05/30/what-is-the-most-prestigious-grand-slam-tennis-tournament/ |work=Forbes |location= New York |date= 30 May 2012 |accessdate=25 June 2013 |author=Burke, Monte}}</ref> [[Cricket]] in Lunnon is served by twa [[Test cricket]] grunds [[Lord's Cricket Ground|Lord's]] (hame o [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex C.C.C.]]) in [[St John's Wood]]<ref name=Lunnon_179>{{cite web|url=http://www.lords.org/lords-ground/about-lords/|title=About Lord's—the home of cricket&nbsp;— official website|year=2008|publisher=MCC|accessdate=29 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoKGCiA3?url=http://www.lords.org/lords-ground/about-lords/|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> an [[the Oval]] (home o [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey C.C.C.]]) in [[Kennington]].<ref name=Lunnon_180>{{cite web|url=http://www.surreycricket.com/the-brit-oval|title=The Brit Oval&nbsp;— Official Website|year=2008|publisher=Surrey CCC|accessdate=29 April 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoKH3JOW?url=http://www.surreycricket.com/the-brit-oval|archivedate=2011-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lord's haes hostit fower finals o the [[Cricket World Cup]]. Ither key events is the annual mass-participation [[Lunnon Marathon]], in whilk some 35,000 runners attemp a {{convert|26.2|mi|km}} course aroond the ceety,<ref name=Lunnon_182>{{cite web |url=http://www.london-marathon.co.uk/site/ |title=Flora London Marathon 2008 |publisher=Lunnon Marathon Ltd |accessdate=29 April 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426224024/http://www.london-marathon.co.uk/site/ |archivedate=2008-04-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> an the [[The Boat Race|Oxford an Cambridge Boat Race]] on the [[River Thames]] atween [[Putney]] an [[Mortlake]].<ref name=Lunnon_183>{{cite web |url=http://www.theboatrace.org/ |title=The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race&nbsp;— Official Website |publisher=The Oxford an Cambridge Boat Race |accessdate=29 April 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yoKHGidM?url=http://www.theboatrace.org/ |archivedate=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Sister ceities == == Twin ceeties == {{Main|Leet o twin touns in the Unitit Kinrick#Lunnon|l1=Leet o touns an ceeties twinned wi Lunnon}} Thare 46 ither places on sax continents namit efter Lunnon. As weel as Lunnon's twinnin, the [[Lunnon burgh]]s hae [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinnins]] wi pairts o ither ceeties the warld ower. Shawn ablo is the leet o ceeties that the [[Greater Lunnon Authority]] haes twinnin arrangements wi: {| |- |valign="top"| * {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Arequipa]], Peru * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany * {{Flagicon|Indie}} [[Delhi]], Indie * {{Flagicon|Colombia}} [[Bogotá]], Colombie |width="80"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * {{Flagicon|South Africa}} [[Johannesburg]], Sooth Africae * {{Flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysie * {{Flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Kuwait Ceety]], Kuwait * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], Roushie |width="80"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * {{Flagicon|Unitit States}} [[New York Ceety]], Unitit States * {{Flagicon|Norway}} [[Oslo]], Norawa * {{Flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]], Cheenae * {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], Iran |} The follaein ceeties hiv a freendship greement wi Lunnon: {| |- |valign="top"| * {{Flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], Algerie * {{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Baku]], Azerbaijan * {{Flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], Cheenae * {{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucharest]], Romanie * {{Flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentinae |width="80"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * {{Flagicon|Indie}} [[Delhi]], Indie * {{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh * {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], Turkey * {{Flagicon|Unitit States}} [[Los Angeles]], Unitit States * {{Flagicon|Indie}} [[Mumbai]], Indie |width="80"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], Fraunce * {{Flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Podgorica]], Montenegro * {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Roum]], Italy * {{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Sofia]], Bulgarie * {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], Japan * {{Flagicon|Croatia}} [[Zagreb]], Croatie |} ==Notes== <references group="note"/> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Commonscat|Lunnon}} [[Category:Lunnon| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Ceeties in Ingland]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 1st century]] 0x5daeq51evdudd53kqr9b8ut4z8el9 0 1713 923755 923495 2026-09-29T20:44:15Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Paris |commune status = [[Communes o France|Commune]] an [[Departments o Fraunce|depairtment]] |image = <center>{{Photomontage |border=0 |size=275 |spacing=2 |color=none |photo1a=Seine and Eiffel Tower from Tour Saint Jacques 2013-08.JPG |photo2a=Arc Triomphe (square).jpg |photo2b=Notre Dame dalla Senna.jpg |photo3a=Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg}}</center> |caption = Clockwise frae tap: skyline o Paris on the [[Seine]] wi the [[Eiffel Tower]], [[Notre-Dame de Paris]], the [[Louvre]] an its [[Louvre Pyramid|large pyramid]], an the [[Arc de Triomphe]] |image flag = Flag of Paris.svg |image flag size = x95px |image coat of arms = Grandes_Armes_de_Paris.svg |image coat of arms size = x95px |city motto = {{lang|fr|''[[Fluctuat nec mergitur]]''}}<br /> {{smaller|"Tossed but niver sunk"}} |coordinates = {{coord|48.8567|2.3508|type:city(2200000)_region:FR|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |mayor = [[Emmanuel Grégoire]] |party = [[Socialist Pairty (Fraunce)|PS]] |term = {{nowrap|2026–2032}} |subdivisions entry = [[Admeenistrative diveesion|Subdiveesions]] |subdivisions = [[Arrondissements o Paris|20 arrondissements]] |total type = Ceety |area km2 = 105.4 |area footnotes = <ref name="area">[http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches%5CRS%5CDEP%5C75%5CCOM%5CRS_COM75056.pdf INSEE local statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229230237/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/DEP/75/COM/RS_COM75056.pdf |date=2009-12-29 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/DEP/75/COM/RS_COM75056.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229230237/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/DEP/75/COM/RS_COM75056.pdf |archive-date=2009-12-29 |url-status=dead}}, including [[Bois de Boulogne]] and [[Bois de Vincennes]].</ref> |INSEE=75056 | population_total = 2,148,271 | population_footnotes = <ref name="INSEE-1893198">{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1893198|title=INSEE official estimated population by department and region as of 1 January 2019|date=22 January 2019|access-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421215403/http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1893198|archive-date=21 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_metro = 12,532,901 | population_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Dossier complet − Aire urbaine de Paris (001) |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=AU2010-001 |website=www.insee.fr |access-date=20 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724110512/http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=AU2010-001 |archive-date=24 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_as_of = 1 Januar 2020 (est) | population_density_km2 = auto |urban area km2 = 2845 |urban area date = <!--Note: Unneeded as same as adjacent to "Population" heading (2013).--> |urban pop = 10601122 |metro area km2 = 17174.4 |metro area date = <!--Note: Unneeded as same as adjacent to "Population" heading (2013).--> |metro area pop = 12,405,426 |metro area pop date = <!--Note: Unneeded as same as adjacent to "Population" heading (2013).--> | population_demonym = Parisian(s) (or ''Parisien'', ''Parisienne'' ([[French leid|fr]]) |postal code= 75001–75020, 75116 |website = [http://www.paris.fr/ www.paris.fr] }} '''Paris''' is the caipital an maist muckle city o [[Fraunce]]. It is situatit on the river [[Seine]], in northren Fraunce, at the hert o the [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]] [[Regions o Fraunce|region]] (or Paris Region, {{Lang-fr|Région parisienne}}). The city o Paris, athin its admeenistrative limits (the 20 [[arrondissements o Paris|arrondissements]]), maistlins unchynged syne 1860, haes an estimatit population o 2,211,297 (Januar 2008), but the [[Paris aire urbaine|Paris metropolitan area]] haes a population o 12,089,098 (Januar 2008), an is ane o the [[Lairgest population centres in the European Union|maist populatit metropolitan areas]] in [[Europe]]. Paris wis the maistmuckle city in the Wastren warld for aboot 1,000 year, prior tae the 19t century, an the maistmuckle in the entire warld atween the 16t an 19t centuries. Kent warldwide as the Ceity o Licht (la Ville Lumière), Paris haes been a major tourist destination for centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paris Luxury Travel Guide|url=https://www.prfire.co.uk/paris-luxury-travel-guide/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=FREE UK Press Release Distribution|language=en-GB|archive-date=2020-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029231822/https://www.prfire.co.uk/paris-luxury-travel-guide/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ceity is weel-kent fae the beauty o its airchitectur, its urban perspectives an avenues, an the walth o its museums an aw. Biggit on an airc o the Watter Seine, it is dividit intil twa pairts: the Richt Baunk tae the north and the smawer Left Baunk tae the sooth. Formerly the caipital o a colonial empire raxin ower five continents, Paris is yit regairdit as the hert o the [[French leid|French-speakin]] warld an haes hauden a strang international poseetion, hostin the heidquarters o the OECD an the UNESCO amang ithers. This, combined wi its financial, business, poleetical, and tourism acteevities, haes turned Paris intil ane o the major transportation hubs in the warld. New York, [[Lunnon]], Tokyo, an Paris is aften listit as the fower major global ceeties. The Sooth Bay airt o Paris is cried Paris-Saclay. == See an aw == * [[Disneyland Resort Paris]] * [[Paris in the 20th Century]] * [[Conservatoire national des arts et métiers|Musée des Arts et Métiers]] == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{Commonscat}} {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} [[Category:Paris| ]] [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Ceeties in Fraunce]] [[Category:Depairtments o Fraunce]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Fraunce]] 0xu43k8qoe20ry4qc4ztpvw8g60htfw 0 3941 923750 923479 2026-09-29T19:11:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra |conventional_long_name = New Zealand |native_name = ''Aotearoa'' |common_name = New Zealand |image_flag = Flag of New Zealand.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of New Zealand.svg |image_map = NZL orthographic NaturalEarth.svg |map_caption = Location o New Zealand within the [[Realm o New Zealand]] |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list | "[[God Defend New Zealand]]"<br /><center>[[File:God Defend New Zealand instrumental.ogg]]<center> | "[[God_Save_the_Queen|God Save the King]]" <ref>http://www.mch.govt.nz/anthem/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424065003/http://www.mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems |date=2013-04-24 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424065003/http://www.mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems |archive-date=2013-04-24 |url-status=bot: unknown}})</ref> }} |capital = [[Wellington]] |coordinates = {{Coord|41|17|S|174|27|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Auckland]] |official_languages = {{unbulleted list | 95.9% [[Inglis leid|Inglish]] | 4.2% [[Māori leid|Māori]] | {{nowrap|0.6% [[New Zealandic Sign Leid]]}} }} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 74.0% [[European New Zealanders|European]] | 14.9% [[Māori fowk|Māori]] | 11.8% [[Asian fowk|Asian]] | 7.4% [[Pacific Islander|Paceefic fowks]] | 1.2% Middle Eastren, [[Latin American]], African | 1.7% Ither<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-national-highlights/cultural-diversity.aspx |title=2013 Census – Cultural Diversity |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=2014-07-05 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090911/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-national-highlights/cultural-diversity.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} |demonym = {{unbulleted list |New Zealander|New Zealandic|{{nowrap|[[Kiwi (fowk)|Kiwi]] {{small|(colloquial)}}}}}} |government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o New Zealand|Monarch]] |leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] |leader_title2 = Govrenor-General |leader_name2 = [[Cindy Kiro]] |leader_title3 = [[Prime Meenister o New Zealand|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name3 = [[Jacinda Ardern]] |legislature = [[New Zealand Pairlament|Pairlament]]<br />{{small|(Hoose o Representatives)}} |sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom o New Zealand|Independence]] |sovereignty_note = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] |established_event1 = [[New Zealand Constitution Act 1852]] |established_date1 = 17 January 1853 |established_event2 = [[Dominion o New Zealand|Dominion]] |established_date2 = 26 September 1907 |established_event3 = [[Statute o Westminster Adoption Act 1947]] |established_date3 = 25 November 1947 |established_event4 = [[Constitution Act 1986]] |established_date4 = 13 December 1986 |area_rank = 75t |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 268,021 |area_sq_mi = 103,483 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1.6 |population_estimate =4,537,081<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/tools_and_services/tools/population_clock.aspx |title=Estimated resident population of New Zealand |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=30 January 2014 |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200026/http://www.stats.govt.nz/tools_and_services/tools/population_clock.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = June&nbsp;2014 |population_estimate_rank = 123rd |population_census = 4,242,048<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/census_counts/NumberofElectoratesandElectoralPopulations_MR2013Census.aspx |title=Number of Electorates and Electoral Populations: 2013 Census – Media Release |work=2013 Census |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=7 October 2013}}</ref> |population_census_year = 2013 |population_density_km2 = 16.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 42.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 205t |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$122.193 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=57&pr.y=12&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=196&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=New Zealand |work=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2012}}</ref>}} |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2013 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,493<ref name="imf2" /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$181.3 billion<ref name="imf2" />}} |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2013 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $40,481<ref name="imf2" /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 1997 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 36.2 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Equality and inequality: Gini index |work=[[Human Development Report]] 2009 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=14 April 2011 |archive-date=2009-10-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kbHWMLQA?url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.919 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2013 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=5 May 2013 |page=16 |archive-date=2019-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808102732/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |HDI_rank = 6th |currency = [[New Zealand dollar]] |currency_code = NZD |country_code = NZ |time_zone = [[Time in New Zealand|NZST]] |utc_offset = +12 |time_zone_DST = [[Time in New Zealand|NZDT]] |utc_offset_DST = +13 |DST_note = (Sep to Apr) |date_format= dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = left |calling_code = [[+64]] |cctld = [[.nz]] }} '''New Zealand''' ({{IPA-endia|njʉː ˈzɪələnd|Inglis pronunciation:}}; {{lang-mi|Aotearoa}} {{IPA-mi|aɔˈtɛaɾɔa|}}) is a [[sovereign state|sovereign]] [[island kintra]] in the soothwastren [[Paceefic Ocean]]. The kintra geografically comprises twa main landmasses—the [[North Island]] (''Te Ika-a-Māui''), an the [[Sooth Island]] (''Te Waipounamu'')—an aroond 600 [[Leet o islands o New Zealand|wee islands]]. New Zealand is situatit some {{convert|1500|km|-2}} east o [[Australie]] athort the [[Tasman Sea]] an reuchly {{convert|1000|km|-2}} sooth o the [[Paceefic Islands|Paceefic island auries]] o [[New Caledonie]], [[Fiji]], an [[Tonga]]. Acause o its remoteness, it wis ane o the last launds tae be settled bi humans. In its lang period o isolation, New Zealand developit a distinct [[Biodiversity o New Zealand|biodiversity]] o ainimal, fungal, an plant life. The kintra's varied topografie an its shairp moontain peaks, such as the [[Soothren Alps]], awe muckle tae the [[tectonic uplift]] o laund an volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's [[Caipital o New Zealand|caipital ceety]] is [[Wellington]], while its maist populous ceety is [[Auckland]]. Sometime atween 1250 an 1300, [[Polynesies]] settled in the islands that later war named New Zealand an developit a distinctive [[Māori cultur]]. In 1642, Dutch explorer [[Abel Tasman]] becam the first European tae sicht New Zealand. In 1840, representatives o the Unitit Kinrick an [[Māori fowk|Māori]] chiefs signed the [[Treaty o Waitangi]], that declared Breetish sovereignty ower the islands. In 1841, New Zealand [[Colony o New Zealand|becam a colony]] within the [[Breetish Empire]] an in 1907 it [[Domeenion o New Zealand|becam a Domeenion]]; it gained [[Unthirldom o New Zealand|full unthirldom]] in 1947, but the Breetish monarch remeened the [[heid o state]]. The day, the majority o [[New Zealanders|New Zealand's population]] o 4.7 million is o [[European New Zealanders|European strynd]]; the indigenous Māori are the lairgest minority, follaed bi [[Asie New Zealanders|Asies]] an [[Paceefic Islander]]s. Reflectin this, [[Cultur o New Zealand|New Zealand's cultur]] is mainly derived frae Māori an early Breetish settlers, wi recent braidenin arisin frae increased [[Immigration tae New Zealand|immigration]]. The [[Leids o New Zealand|offeecial leids]] are [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], [[Māori leid|Māori]] an [[New Zealand Sign Leid|NZ Sign Leid]], wi Inglis bein verra dominant. New Zealand is a [[developit kintra]] an [[internaitional rankins o New Zealand|ranks heichly]] in internaitional comparisons o naitional performance, sic as quality o life, heal, eddication, an economic freedom. The kintra unnerwent [[Rogernomics|major economic chynges]] in the 1980s, that transformed it frae a [[pertectionist]] tae a [[economic leeberalisation|leeberalised]] [[free-tred]] economy. The service sector dominates the [[Economy o New Zealand|naitional economy]], follaed bi the industrial sector, an [[Agricultur in New Zealand|agricultur]]. Internaitional [[tourism in New Zealand|tourism]] is a signeeficant soorce o revenue. Naitionally, legislative authority is vestit in an elected, [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[New Zealand Pairlament|Pairlament]], while executive poleetical pouer is exercised bi the [[Cabinet o New Zealand|Cabinet]], led bi the [[Prime Meenister o New Zealand|Prime Meenister]], that is currently [[Jacinda Ardern]]. [[Charles_III|King Charles III]] is the kintra's heid o state an is representit bi a [[Govrenor-General o New Zealand|govrenor-general]], currently Cindy Kiro. In addeetion, New Zealand is organised intae 11 [[Regions o New Zealand|regional cooncils]] an 67 [[Territorial authorities o New Zealand|territorial authorities]] for local govrenment purposes. The [[Realm o New Zealand]] an aw includes [[Tokelau]] (a [[dependent territory]]); the [[Cook Islands]] an [[Niue]] (sel-govrenin states in [[Associatit state|free association]] wi New Zealand); an the [[Ross Dependency]], that is New Zealand's [[territorial claims in Antarcticae|territorial claim in Antarcticae]]. New Zealand is a member o the [[Unitit Naitions]], [[Commonweel o Naitions]], [[ANZUS]], [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development]], [[Association o Southeast Asie Naitions#ASEAN Plus Three an Six|ASEAN Plus mechanism]], [[Asie-Paceefic Economic Cooperation]], an the [[Pacific Islands Forum]]. == Muckle ceities == * [[Auckland]] * [[Christchurch]] * [[Wellington]] * [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] * [[Dunedin]] * [[Invercargill]] == See an aa == *[[:Category:New Zealand stubs|New Zealand stub airticles]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Commons category}} [[Category:New Zealand| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Oceanie]] [[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Paceefic Ocean]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1840]] [[Category:Umwhile Breetish colonies]] [[Category:Island kintras]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]] [[Category:Polynesie]] [[Category:Zealandie (continent)]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] 8d7ic4v1st9od3ms98g1ec613xg8bmz 0 4967 923722 923440 2026-09-29T13:34:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = {{nowrap|Republic o Kazakhstan}} |common_name = Kazakhstan |native_name = {{unbulleted list |{{native name|kk|{{lower|0.2em|Қазақстан Республикасы&nbsp;}}|italics=off}}<br/>''{{small|Qazaqstan Respublikasy}}'' |{{native name|ru|{{lower|0.2em|Республика Казахстан&nbsp;}}|italics=off}}<br/>''{{small|Respublika Kazakhstan}}'' }} |image_flag = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg |image_coat = Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |national_motto = |national_anthem = [[Meniñ Qazaqstanım|Менің Қазақстаным]]<br/>{{transl|kk|Mening Qazaqstanym}}<br />{{small|''My Kazakhstan''}}<br/><center>[[File:Kazakhstan 2006.ogg]]</center> |image_map = Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg |map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= green}} |capital = [[Noursoultan]] |coordinates = {{Coord|51|10|N|71|26|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Almaty]] |official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Kazakh leid|Kazakh]] {{small|(offeecial state leid)}} |[[Roushie leid|Roushie]]{{small| (uisin as offeecial)<ref>[http://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/K950001000_ "Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan"]. zan.kz.</ref>}}}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 66.48% [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] | 20.61% [[Roushie fowk|Roushie]] | 12.91% ithers }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2016.<ref name="KZ2016">{{cite web |url=http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT118979 |title=Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2016 года |date= |accessdate=2017-05-24 |archive-date=2017-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014084023/http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT118979 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |demonym = Kazakh<ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html Kazakhstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html |date=2018-12-24 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html%20 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html |archive-date=2018-12-24 |url-status=dead}}. ''CIA World Factbook''.</ref> |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Dominant-pairty seestem|dominant-pairty]] [[Presidential seestem|presidential]] [[republic|constitutional republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Preses o Kazakhstan|Preses]] |leader_name1 = [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] (Қасым-Жомарт Тоқаев) |leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Kazakhstan|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name2 = [[Oljas Bektenov]] (Олжас Бектенов) |legislature = [[Pairlament o Kazakhstan|Parliament]] |upper_house = [[Senate o Kazakhstan|Senate]] |lower_house = ''[[Mazhilis]]'' |sovereignty_type = [[History o Kazakhstan|Formation]] |established_event1 = [[Kazakh Khanate]] |established_date1 = 1456 |established_event2 = [[Alash Autonomy]] |established_date2 = 13 December 1917 |established_event3 = [[Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–25)|Kirghiz ASSR]] |established_date3 = 26 August 1920 |established_event4 = [[Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic|Kazak ASSR]] |established_date4 = {{nowrap|19 June 1925}} |established_event5 = [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakh SSR]] |established_date5 = 5 December 1936 |established_event6 = Declared Sovereignty |established_date6 = 25 October 1990 |established_event7 = Reconstitutit as the Republic o Kazakhstan |established_date7 = 10 December 1991 |established_event8 = Declared Unthirldom frae the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] |established_date8 = 16 December 1991 |established_event9 = [[Dissolution o the Soviet Union|Recognized]] |established_date9 = {{nowrap|26 December 1991}} |established_event10 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution o Kazakhstan|Current Constitution]]}} |established_date10 = 30 August 1995 |area_km2 = 2,724,900 |area_rank = 9t |area_sq_mi = 1,052,085 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1.7 |population_estimate = 18,050,488<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Kazakhstan|title=countrymeters|publisher=|accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 8 January 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 64t |population_density_km2 = 6.49 |population_density_sq_mi = 16.82 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 227t |GDP_PPP = $460 billion<ref name=IMF>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=68&pr.y=12&sy=2014&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=916&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Kazakhstan |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2016 |GDP_PPP_rank = 42nt |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,669<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 53rd |GDP_nominal = $225.619 billion<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_rank = 50t |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $12,950<ref name=IMF/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 54t |Gini = 26.4 <!--number only--> |Gini_year = 2013 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini_ref = <ref name=WB1>{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title= Gini index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |accessdate= 21 November 2015}}</ref> |HDI = 0.788 <!--number only--> |HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |year=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> |HDI_rank = 56th |currency = [[Kazakhstani tenge|Tenge]] (₸) |currency_code = KZT |time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]] |utc_offset = [[UTC+05:00|+5]]{{\}}[[UTC+06:00|+6]] |utc_offset_DST = |time_zone_DST = |drives_on = right |calling_code = +7-6xx, +7-7xx |cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.kz]] |[[.қаз]]}} |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |country_code = KAZ }} '''Kazakhstan''', alsae spellt '''Kazakstan''' or '''Khazakhstan''' ([[Kazakh leid|Kazakh]]: ''Қазақстан'', ''Qazaqstan''. [[Roushie leid|Roushie]]: ''Казахстан'', ''Kazakhstán''), kent offeecially as the '''Republic o Kazakhstan''' is a kintra that raxes ower a muckle amoont o laund in Northren an Central [[Eurasie]]. An wee bit o the kintra, Wast o the [[Ural River]] is pairt o Eastren [[Europe]]. It haes laund mairches wi [[Roushie]], [[Cheenae]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Uzbekistan]] an [[Turkmenistan]]. It wis ance ane o the republics o the umwhile [[Soviet Union]] but is nou pairt o the Commonwalth o Independent States. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Turkic-speakin regions}} [[Category:Kazakhstan| ]] [[Category:Central Asie kintras]] [[Category:Turkic kintras]] [[Category:Eurasie]] [[Category:Eurasian steppe]] [[Category:Landlocked kintras]] [[Category:Roushie-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1991]] [[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]] rytm9eagph3ka8ao61hbrobuhceq74i 0 7137 923800 923573 2026-09-30T06:08:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923800 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Watter in three states: liquid watter, solit watter is [[ice]] an [[clood]]s is [[Condensation|condensed]] [[watter vapour]].]] '''Watter''' (or '''wattir''') is a common [[chemical substance]] that is needit bi aw kent furms o [[life]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/1997/36/i43/abs/bi971323j.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-02-09 |archive-date=2007-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520193451/http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/1997/36/i43/abs/bi971323j.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Forordnar, ''watter'' refers anerlie til its [[liquid]] furm or [[States o matter|state]], but the substance haes a [[solit]] state, ''[[ice]]'', an a [[gaseous]] state, ''[[watter vapour]]'' an aw. Aboot 1,460 [[Tonne|teratonnes]]&nbsp;(Tt) o watter haps 71% o the [[Yird]]'s surface, maistlie in oceans an ither mukkil watter bodies, wi 1.6% o watter ablo the grund in [[aquifer]]s an 0.001% in the [[atmosphere|lift]] as [[vapour]], [[clood]]s (shapit o solit an liquid watter pairtikils suspendit in the lift), an [[preceepitation (meteorology)|preceepitation]].<ref>[http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html Water Vapor in the Climate System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320034158/http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html |date=2007-03-20 }}, Special Report, [AGU], December 1995 (linked 4/2007). [http://www.unep.org/dewa/assessments/ecosystems/water/vitalwater/ Vital Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220070111/http://www.unep.org/dewa/assessments/ecosystems/water/vitalwater/ |date=2008-02-20 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708023755/http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html |archive-date=2009-07-08 |url-status=dead}} [[UNEP]].</ref> Sum o the Yird's watter is inheld in man-makkit an naitural objeks naur the Yirds's surface sicas [[watter touer]]s, [[ainimal]] an [[plaunt]] bodies, manufactured products, an hain'd fuid. [[Sautwatter]] [[ocean]]s hauds 97% o surface watter, [[glacier]]s an polar [[ice kaip]]s hauds 2.4%, an ither laund surface watter sic as [[river]]s an [[loch]]s hauds 0.6%. Watter is the [[chemical substance]] wi the [[chemical formula]] '''[[hydrogen|H]]₂[[oxygen|O]]''': ae [[molecule]] o watter haes twa [[hydrogen]] [[atom]]s [[covalent]]lie [[chemical bond|bondit]] til the ae [[oxygen]] atom. == Notes == <references/> {{Commonscat|Water}} [[Category:Hydrogen compoonds]] [[Category:Oxygen compoonds]] [[Category:Inorganic solvents]] [[Category:Liquids]] [[Category:Oxides]] [[Category:Watter| ]] p9wvy86ovwl82xvi62s92144e9dwm7v 0 8538 923728 923445 2026-09-29T14:20:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|42|35|N|21|00|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic o Kosovo | native_name = {{unbulleted list |item_style=font-size:81%; |{{native name|sq|Republika e Kosovës|italics=off}} |{{native name|sr|Република Косово <br/> Republika Kosovo|italics=off}} }} | common_name = Kosovo | image_flag = Flag of Kosovo.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Kosovo.svg | image_map = Europe-Republic of Kosovo.svg | map_caption = Location an extent o Kosovo in [[Europe]]. | national_motto = | national_anthem = "[[Europe (anthem)|Europe]]"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110215123402/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2008&mm=06&dd=11&nav_id=51011 "Assembly approves Kosovo anthem"], ''b92.net'', 11 June 2008. Link accessed 11 June 2008.</ref><br/><center>[[File:National Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = {{hlist |[[Albanie leid|Albanie]] |[[Serbie leid|Serbie]]}} | regional_languages = {{hlist |[[Bosnie leid|Bosnie]] |[[Turkis leid|Turkis]] |[[Gora dialect|Gorani]] |[[Romani leid|Romani]]}} | demonym = {{unbulleted list |Kosovar, Kosovan}} | capital = {{nowrap|[[Pristina]]}} | status = [[Leet o states wi leemitit recogneetion|Disputit]]<br/> * [[Internaitional recogeetion o Kosovo|Recognised bi 111 member states]] o the [[Unitit Naitions]] * Claimed bi [[Serbie]] as the ''[[Autonomous Province o Kosovo an Metohija]]'' {{small|(unner [[Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil Resolution 1244|UN Security Cooncil resolution 1244]])}} | coordinates = {{Coord|42|40|N|21|10|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Preses o Kosovo|Preses]] | leader_name1 = [[Vjosa Osmani]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Kosovo|Prime Meenister]] | leader_name2 = [[Albin Kurti]] | legislature = [[Assemmly o Kosovo]] | leader_title3 = [[Chairman o the Assembly o Kosovo|Chairman o the Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Glauk Konjufca]] | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area_km2 = 10,908 | area_sq_mi = 4,212 | percent_water = 1.0<ref>{{cite web|title=Water percentage in Kosovo (Facts about Kosovo; 2011 Agriculture Statistics)|url=http://ask.rks-gov.net/|publisher=Kosovo Agency of Statistics, KAS}}</ref> | population_estimate = 1,907,592<ref name=Demographics2015>{{cite web|title=Demographics of Kosovo (2016)|url=http://www.geoba.se/country.php?cc=XK&year=2018|publisher=Geoba.se|access-date=2018-02-09|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810091013/http://www.geoba.se/country.php?cc=XK&year=2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2016 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 159 | population_density_sq_mi = 412 | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP = $19 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=43&pr.y=14&sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=967&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Kosovo |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,383 | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal = $7 billion<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,581 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = FY2005/2006 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 30.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html |title=Distribution of family income&nbsp;– Gini index |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=31 August 2014 |archive-date=2011-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/06/12/afx3810988.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_rank = 121 | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.786 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Kosovo Human Development Report 2014|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/khdr2014english.pdf|publisher=Swiss Cooperation Office Kosovo|accessdate=4 July 2015|format=PDF|date=2014}}</ref> | HDI_rank = | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])^c | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = richt | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Kosovo|+383]]^d | iso3166code = XK <!--^e--> | established_event1 = [[Kosovo Vilayet]] | established_date1 = 1877 | established_event2 = [[Socialist Autonomous Province o Kosovo|Autonomous Province]] | established_date2 = 31 Januar 1946 | established_event3 = [[Republic o Kosova]] | established_date3 = 2 Julie 1990 | established_event4 = [[UN Security Cooncil Resolution 1244|UNSCR 1244]] | established_date4 = 10 Juin 1999 | established_event5 = [[Unitit Naitions Interim Admeenistration Mission in Kosovo|UN Admeenistration]] | established_date5 = Juin 1999 | established_event6 = [[2008 Kosovo declaration o unthirrldom|Declaration o unthirldom]] | established_date6 = 17 Februar 2008 | established_event7 = [[Internaitional Steerin Group for Kosovo|End o Steerin Group superveesion]] | established_date7 = 10 September 2012 | established_event8 = [[Brussels Greement (2013)|Brussels Greement]] | established_date8 = 19 Apryle 2013 | footnote_a = 2014 estimate. A new estimate haes been addit in order tae gie a mair correct GDP per capita. | footnote_b = Preliminar results o 2011 census, that excludit fower northren Serb-majority municipalities whaur it coud nae be cairied oot. | footnote_c = Adoptit unilaterally; Kosovo is nae a formal member o the [[eurozone]]. | footnote_d = Assigned 15 December 2016 tae Kosovo bi ITU.<ref>[https://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/ob-lists/icc/e164_763.pdf LIST OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATION E.164 ASSIGNED COUNTRY CODES]</ref> [[+381]] wis previously uised for fixed lines. Kosovo-licensed mobile-phone providers uised [[Telephone nummers in Monaco|+377]] (Monaco) or [[Telephone nummers in Slovenie|+386]] (Slovenie) insteid. | footnote_e = XK is a "uiser assigned" ISO 3166 code nae designatit bi the staundart, but uised bi the [[European Commission]], [[Swisserland]], the [[Deutsche Bundesbank]] an ither organisations. }} [[File:Districts of Kosovo.png|thumb|Territorial organization]] [[File:Panorama of Kacanik, Kosovo.jpg|thumb|Panorama of Kacanik]] [[File:Kulla e Brahim Hoxhës, Junik.jpg|thumb|Junik]] [[File:Church of the Holy Saviour - Prizren.jpg|thumb|Old Church of the Holy Saviour in Prizren]] [[File:070706 Ulpiana 01.jpg|thumb|Ruins o Roman city in Ulpiana]] '''Kosovo''' is a Balkan kintra in sooth-wastren Europe. It haes a laund mairch wi [[Montenegro]] tae the nor'wast, [[Serbie]] in the nor'east, the [[Republic o Macedonie]] in the south an wi [[Albanie]] in the sooth east. == Recognition == Serbie hinna recognised Kosovo as a kintra, gied Kosovo declared unthirldom frae Serbie. A list o aw the kintras whit hae recognised the kintra is here ablo: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! # !! Kintra<ref name="recognition">{{dead link|date=August 2019}}[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,259 Countries that have recognized the Republic of Kosova], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo</ref> !! Date o [[diplomatic recognition|recognition]] !! Reference |- | 1 || {{CRI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|17}} || <ref>[http://www.rree.go.cr/file.php?id_file=310 Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto Memoria Institucional 2007–2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092418/http://www.rree.go.cr/file.php?id_file=310 |date=24 September 2015 }} (in Spanish) p.93</ref> |- | 2 || {{AFG}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://kosova.org/post/The-Statement-of-Afghanistan-on-the-Recognition-of-Independence-of-Kosovo The Statement of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the Recognition of Independence of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Afghanistan, 2008-02-18, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714094856/http://kosova.org/post/The-Statement-of-Afghanistan-on-the-Recognition-of-Independence-of-Kosovo archived from the original on 14 July 2014]</ref> |- | 3 || {{ALB}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.km.gov.al/?fq=brenda&m=news&lid=7323&gj=gj2 Statement of Prime Minister of Albania Mr. Sali Berisha on Recognition of Independence of Kosova], Republic of Albania Council of Ministers, 2008-02-18 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425231648/http://www.km.gov.al/?fq=brenda&m=news&lid=7323&gj=gj2 |date=25 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425224959/http://www.km.gov.al/?fq=brenda&m=news&lid=7323 According to the official text of recognition] and the [https://books.google.com/books?id=-OhPTJn8ZWoC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=Declaration+of+Assembly+of+Albania,+on+October+21,+1991&source=bl&ots=75u564MqRc&sig=Sc0Gdrmr4da8dLn-e6_5wBCLyeg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BF17T6mJL-334QSt7tCHBA&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Declaration%20of%20Assembly%20of%20Albania%2C%20on%20October%2021%2C%201991&f=false law of 1991] of the [[People's Assembly of Albania]] the Republic of Albania recognised the Republic of Kosovo, based on the law of 1991, which recognised the [[Republic of Kosova]] on {{dts|format=dmy|1991|10|21}}. On 18 February 2008, Albania decided to take full diplomatic relations and accredit an ambassador to Pristina.</ref> |- | 4 || {{FRA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/kosovo_6154/index.html Kosovo declares independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France, 2008-02-18 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217164449/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/kosovo_6154/index.html |date=17 December 2014 }}</ref> |- | 5 || {{SEN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.aps.sn/articles.php?id_article=40531 Senegal – Kosovo, Dakar reconnaît le nouvel Etat] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217162049/http://www.aps.sn/articles.php?id_article=40531 |date=17 December 2014 }}, Agence de Presse Sénégalaise 2008-02-18 (in French)</ref><ref>[http://www.haaba.com/news/2008/02/19/7-93587/senegal-recognises-kosovos-independence-ministry Senegal recognises Kosovo's independence: ministry], haaba.com, 2008-02-19 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217183113/http://www.haaba.com/news/2008/02/19/7-93587/senegal-recognises-kosovos-independence-ministry |date=17 February 2012 }}</ref> |- | 6 || {{TUR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.tr/statement-of-h_e_-mr_-ali-babacan_-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic--of-turkey_-regarding-the-recognition-of-kosovo.en.mfa Statement of H.E. Mr. Ali Babacan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, Regarding the Recognition of Kosovo by Turkey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204105043/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/statement-of-h_e_-mr_-ali-babacan_-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic--of-turkey_-regarding-the-recognition-of-kosovo.en.mfa |date=4 December 2008 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey, 2008-02-18</ref> |- | 7 || {{GBR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/02/18/uk-kosovo-serbia-britain-idUKL1824693920080218 UK recognises Kosovo independence], Reuters. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031170056/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/02/18/uk-kosovo-serbia-britain-idUKL1824693920080218 |date=31 October 2014 }}</ref> |- | 8 || {{USA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|18}} || <ref>[http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/02/100973.htm U.S. Recognizes Kosovo as Independent State], U.S. Department of State, 2008-02-18</ref> |- | 9 || {{AUS}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|19}} || <ref>[https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2008-02-18%2F0034;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2008-02-18%2F0080%22 QUESTIONS WITHOUT NOTICE Kosovo], Parliament of Australia, 2008-02-18</ref> |- | 10 || {{LVA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|20}} || <ref>[http://www.am.gov.lv/en/security/news/4457/?pg=10306 Announcement by Minister of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Latvia on recognition of Kosovo's independence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217170534/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/security/news/4457/?pg=10306 |date=2014-12-17 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, 2011-02-20</ref> |- | 11 || {{GER}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|20}} || <ref>[http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6516/Content/EN/Archiv16/Artikel/2008/02/2008-02-20-deutschland-erkennt-kosovo-an__en.html Germany recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019052233/http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6516/Content/EN/Archiv16/Artikel/2008/02/2008-02-20-deutschland-erkennt-kosovo-an__en.html |date=19 October 2011 }}, German Federal Government, 2008-02-20</ref> |- | 12 || {{EST}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.vm.ee/en/node/682 Estonia recognises Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604164525/http://www.vm.ee/en/node/682 |date=4 June 2011 }}, Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008-02-21</ref> |- | 13 || {{ITA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.governo.it/Governo/ConsiglioMinistri/dettaglio.asp?d=38401 Consiglio dei Ministri n. 93 del 21 febbraio 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402053007/http://www.governo.it/Governo/ConsiglioMinistri/dettaglio.asp?d=38401 |date=2 April 2008 }}, Italian Council of Ministers, 2008-02-21 (in Italian)</ref> |- | 14 || {{DEN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.ambbeirut.um.dk/en/menu/aboutus/news/denmarkrecognizeskosovoasanindependentstate.htm Denmark recognizes Kosovo as an independent state] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132945/http://www.ambbeirut.um.dk/en/menu/aboutus/news/denmarkrecognizeskosovoasanindependentstate.htm |date=19 July 2011 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, 2008-05-12</ref> |- | 15 || {{LUX}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|21}} || <ref>[http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2008/02-fevrier/20-asselborn-kosovo/index.html Le Luxembourg reconnaît formellement le Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226145534/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2008/02-fevrier/20-asselborn-kosovo/index.html |date=26 February 2008 }}, Le Gouvernement du Grande-Duché de Luxembourg, 2008-02-21 (in French)</ref> |- | 16 || {{PER}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|22}} || <ref>[http://www.rree.gob.pe/portal/boletinInf.nsf/mrealdia/C9B70437F80DBAF7052573F700710D15?OpenDocument Perú decide reconocer independencia de Kósovoe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226065905/http://www.rree.gob.pe/portal/boletinInf.nsf/mrealdia/C9B70437F80DBAF7052573F700710D15?OpenDocument |date=26 February 2008 }}, Peruvian Ministry of External Relations, 2008-02-22 (in Spanish)</ref> |- | 17 || {{BEL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|24}} || <ref>[http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/Belgium_RoyalDecree.pdf Koninklijk besluit betreffende de erkenning van de Republiek Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816102709/http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/Belgium_RoyalDecree.pdf |date=2018-08-16 }}, Kosovo Thanks You, 2008-02-18 (in Dutch and French)</ref> |- | 18 || {{POL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|26}} || <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240610160121/https://archive.ph/20120805145303/http://www.premier.gov.pl/en/press_centre/news/government_has_recognised_the_,2220/ Government has recognised the independence of Kosovo], The Chancellery of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, 2008-02-26</ref> |- | 19 || {{SUI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|27}} || <ref>[http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/eur/vkos/bilkos.html Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Kosovo], Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of the Swiss Confederation, 2008-02-27</ref> |- | 20 ||{{AUT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|28}} || <ref>[http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/news/press-releases/2008/plassnik-letter-on-kosovos-recognition-signed.html Plassnik: "Letter on Kosovo's recognition signed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109032659/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/news/press-releases/2008/plassnik-letter-on-kosovos-recognition-signed.html |date=2012-11-09 }}, Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs of the Republic of Austria, 2008-02-28</ref> |- | 21 ||{{IRL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|02|29}} || <ref>[http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/home/index.aspx?id=42938 Minister for Foreign Affairs Dermot Ahern TD Announces Ireland's recognition of the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305011519/http://foreignaffairs.gov.ie/home/index.aspx?id=42938 |date=5 March 2008 }}, Department of Foreign Affairs, 2008-02-29</ref> |- | 22 ||{{SWE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|4}} || <ref>[http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/10358/a/99714 Sweden recognises the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305191825/http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/10358/a/99714 |date=5 March 2008 }}, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 2008-03-04</ref> |- | 23 ||{{NLD}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|4}} || <ref>[http://www.government.nl/news/2008/03/04/the-netherlands-recognises-kosovo.html The Netherlands recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621042809/https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2008/03/04/the-netherlands-recognises-kosovo |date=21 June 2018}}, Government of the Netherlands, 2008-03-04</ref> |- | 24 ||{{ISL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|5}} || <ref>[http://eng.utanrikisraduneyti.is/speeches-and-articles/nr/4135 The Government of Iceland formally recognizes Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308125219/http://eng.utanrikisraduneyti.is/speeches-and-articles/nr/4135 |date=2012-03-08 }}, Iceland Foreign Ministry, 2008-03-05</ref> |- | 25 ||{{SVN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|5}} || <ref>[http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&id=1264437 Slovenia Recognizes Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216171112/http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&id=1264437 |date=2009-02-16 }}, Slovenian Press Agency, 5 March 2008</ref> |- | 26 || {{FIN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|7}} || <ref>[http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=123797&nodeid=15145&contentlan=2&culture=en-US Finland recognised the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, 2008-03-07</ref> |- | 27 || {{JPN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|18}} || <ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2008/3/0318.html Statement by Foreign Minister Masahiko Koumura on the Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2008-03-18</ref> |- | 28 || {{CAN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|18}} || <ref>[http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/croatia-croatie/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/canada_kosovo.aspx?lang=eng Canada-Kosovo Relations], Government of Canada, 2010-07-12</ref> |- | 29 || {{MCO}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|19}} || <ref>[http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=1,6,972 Principata e Monakos njohu Republikën e Kosovës], President of the Republic of Kosovo, 2008-03-19 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 30 || {{HUN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|19}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/actualities/spokesman_statements/Kosovo_recognition_080319.htm Hungary recognizes Kosovo's Independence] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323041624/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum/en/bal/actualities/spokesman_statements/Kosovo_recognition_080319.htm |date=23 March 2008 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary, 2008-03-19</ref> |- | 31 || {{CRO}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|19}} || <ref>[http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/novosti_i_najave/2008/ozujak/hrvatska_priznala_kosovo Croatia recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324111856/http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/novosti_i_najave/2008/ozujak/hrvatska_priznala_kosovo |date=24 March 2008 }}, Government of the Republic of Croatia, 2008-03-19</ref> |- | 32 || {{BGR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|20}} || <ref>[http://old.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0137&n=575 Sergei Stanishev: Bulgarian Government's decision to recognize the independence of Kosovo is fully complied with the country's national interests and our commitment to the future of the region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126065938/http://old.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001 |date=2019-11-26 }} {{Cite web |url=http://old.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126065938/http://old.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001 |archive-date=2019-11-26 |url-status=bot: unknown}}, Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2008-03-20</ref> |- | 33 || {{LIE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|25}} || <ref>[http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-pia-pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilungen-alt.htm?pmid=108807&lpid=3789&imainpos=15844 Liechtenstein anerkennt den Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403062343/http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-pia-pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilungen-alt.htm?pmid=108807&lpid=3789&imainpos=15844 |date=3 April 2008 }}, Liechtenstein government, 2008-03-28 (in German)</ref> |- | 34 || {{ROK}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|28}} || <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080409223926/http://www.mofat.go.kr/webmodule/htsboard/template/read/engboardread.jsp?typeID=12&boardid=302&seqno=306110&c=TITLE&t=&pagenum=1&tableName=TYPE_ENGLISH&pc=undefined&dc=&wc=&lu=&vu=&iu=&du= Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Republic of Korea, 2008-03-28</ref> |- | 35 || {{NOR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|03|28}} || <ref>[http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/ud/press/News/2008/norway_kosovo.html?id=505130 Norway recognises Kosovo as an independent state], Norway – Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008-03-28</ref> |- | 36 || {{MHL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|04|17}} || <ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080417889/Politics/breaking-news-republic-of-the-marshall-islands-has-recognized-kosovo.html Republic of the Marshall Islands has recognized Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022131450/http://newkosovareport.com/20080417889/Politics/breaking-news-republic-of-the-marshall-islands-has-recognized-kosovo.html |date=22 October 2013 }}, New Kosova Report, 2008-04-17</ref> |- | 37 || {{BFA}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|04|23}} || <ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080424902/Politics/Burkina-Faso-recognizes-Kosovo.html Burkina Faso recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428231354/http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080424902/Politics/Burkina-Faso-recognizes-Kosovo.html |date=28 April 2008 }}, New Kosova Report, 2008-04-24</ref><ref name="Burkina, Nauru">{{cite web | url=https://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2008&mm=04&dd=24&nav_id=49716 | title=Burkina Faso, Nauru recognize Kosovo | publisher=B92 | date=24 April 2008 | access-date=21 June 2018}}</ref> |- | 38 || {{LTU}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|6}} || <ref>[http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=319343 Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania Resolution on the Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo], Chancellery of the Parliament of Lithuania, 2008-05-06</ref> |- | 39 || {{SMR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|12}} || <ref>[https://archive.today/20120906042055/http://www.interni.segreteria.sm/on-line/Home/DelibereC.d.S..html?P0_path=/home/tomcat/indicizzazione/indexdelibere&P0_paginazione=10&P0_pagina=1&P0_oggetto=Kosovo&P0_numero=&P0_data_gg=&P0_data_mm=&P0_data_aa=&annoiniziale=&annofinale=&P0_document=&P0_data_ordered=&P0_maxresults=2000&P0_orderBy=data_ordered,numero&P0_order=desc,asc&P0_operatorMustBe=only&indicericerca=-1&x=0&y=0 Delibera n. 8 del 12/05/2008 – Riconoscimento della Repubblica del Kosovo da parte della Re-pubblica di San Marino], Secretary of State for Internal Affairs of the Republic of San Marino</ref> |- | 40 || {{CZE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|21}} || <ref>[http://www.mzv.cz/wwwo/mzv/default.asp?id=58430&ido=6569&idj=2&amb=1 The Czech Republic has recognized independence of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 2008-05-21 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015212559/http://www.mzv.cz/wwwo/mzv/default.asp?id=58430&ido=6569&idj=2&amb=1 |date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> |- | 41 || {{LBR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|05|30}}{{refn|group="fn"|In Juin 2018, follaein a meetin atween Liberian Foreign Minister [[Gbehzohngar Milton Findley]] and Serbian Foreign Minister [[Ivica Dacic]], a note frae the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia wis published whit sayed in part that it "annuls its letter o recognition o Kosovo."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2018&mm=06&dd=20&nav_id=104444|title=Liberia annuls letter of recognition of Kosovo|date=2018-06-20|access-date=2018-06-25|publisher=[[B92]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/crno-na-belo-o-kosovu-dacic-je-ovim-dokumentima-zapusio-usta-pristinskim-politicarima/gl8x2xlCRNO|title=NA BELO O KOSOVU Dačić je ovim dokumentima zapušio usta prištinskim političarima|date=2018-07-04|access-date=2018-07-14|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517203849/https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/crno-na-belo-o-kosovu-dacic-je-ovim-dokumentima-zapusio-usta-pristinskim-politicarima/gl8x2xlCRNO|url-status=dead}}</ref> A feu days later, Liberie's MFA sayed on its wabsteid that it wished "to refute reports in som internaitional an social media o its removal o diplomatic relations wi the Republic o Kosovo."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=3108&related=7&pg=sp|title=Liberia Reaffirms Bilateral Ties with Kosovo|access-date=2018-06-25|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia|archive-date=2020-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514145103/http://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=3108&related=7&pg=sp|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} || <ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080530967/Politics/liberia-recognizes-kosovo.html Liberia Recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714172733/http://www.newkosovareport.com/20080530967/Politics/liberia-recognizes-kosovo.html |date=14 July 2011 }}, Liberian Daily Observer, 2011-02-20</ref> |- | 42 || {{COL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|08|4}} || <ref>[http://mre.cancilleria.gov.co/wps/portal/espanol/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_jQsKAwo2AXYwN3n2BnA08z82BHf2dfQwMDA_2CbEdFAJSyt1c!/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/WCM_MENUPRINCIPAL_MRE/menu+principal/relaciones+internacionales/bilaterales/europa/kosovo Colombia reconoció formalmente la República de Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223095152/http://mre.cancilleria.gov.co/wps/portal/espanol/%21ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_jQsKAwo2AXYwN3n2BnA08z82BHf2dfQwMDA_2CbEdFAJSyt1c%21/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2FWCM_MENUPRINCIPAL_MRE%2Fmenu+principal%2Frelaciones+internacionales%2Fbilaterales%2Feuropa%2Fkosovo |date=23 February 2013 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Colombia, 2008-08-04 (in Spanish)</ref> |- | 43 || {{BLZ}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|08|7}} || <ref>[http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=1,6,884 Belize njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës], President of the Republic of Kosovo, 2008-08-07 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 44 || {{MLT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|08|22}} || <ref>[http://www.foreign.gov.mt/default.aspx?MDIS=21&NWID=68 Malta Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627211252/http://www.foreign.gov.mt/default.aspx?MDIS=21&NWID=68 |date=2009-06-27 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malta, 2008-08-22</ref> |- | 45 || {{WSM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|09|15}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,54 Samoa njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo, 2008-09-15 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>[http://www.newkosovareport.com/200809151219/Politics/samoa-recognizes-independent-kosovo.html Samoa recognizes independent Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017142205/http://www.newkosovareport.com/200809151219/Politics/samoa-recognizes-independent-kosovo.html |date=17 October 2011 }}, New Kosova Report, 2008-09-15</ref> |- | 46 || {{POR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|7}} || <ref>[http://kosova.org/docs/independence/Portugal.pdf Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros: Comunicado de Imprensa – Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721223059/http://kosova.org/docs/independence/Portugal.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}, 2008-10-07 (in Portuguese)</ref> |- | 47 || {{MNE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|9}} || <ref>[http://www.gov.me/en/search/33098/164405.html Joint Statement of the Government of Montenegro and the Government of the Republic of Macedonia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180920/http://www.gov.me/en/search/33098/164405.html |date=2018-06-20 }}, Government of Montenegro, 2008-10-09</ref> |- | 48 || {{North Macedonia}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|9}} || <ref>[http://www.mia.com.mk/default.aspx?vId=57722300&lId=2 Macedonia recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015121606/http://www.mia.com.mk/default.aspx?vId=57722300&lId=2 |date=15 October 2008 }}, Macedonian Information Agency, 2008-10-09</ref> |- | 49 || {{ARE}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|14}} || <ref>[http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1223546208865&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews UAE recognises Kosovo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017065840/http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1223546208865&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews |date=17 October 2008 }}, Emirates News Agency, 2008-10-14</ref> |- | 50 || {{MYS}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|10|30}} || <ref>[http://www.kln.gov.my/?m_id=26&vid=797 Press Statement by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia on the recognition of Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia, 2008-11-01 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917092630/http://www.kln.gov.my/?m_id=26&vid=797 |date=17 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/MalaysiaRecognizesTheIndependenceOfKosovo.jpg Verbal Note] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928082041/http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/MalaysiaRecognizesTheIndependenceOfKosovo.jpg |date=2013-09-28 }}, Kosovo Thanks You</ref> |- | 51 || {{flag|Micronesia}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|12|5}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,117 Micronesia recognizes independence of Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2008-12-05</ref><ref>[http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr120508.htm FSM Recognizes Kosovo Act of Self-Determination] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330162928/http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr120508.htm |date=30 March 2017 }}, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, 2008-12-05</ref> |- | 52 || {{PAN}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|01|16}} || <ref>[http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/noticia.php?cod=10471 Comunicado de prensa sobre reconocimiento de la República de Kosovo], Presidencia de la República de Panamá, 2009-01-16 (in Spanish) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926181330/http://www.presidencia.gob.pa/noticia.php?cod=10471 |date=26 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/index.php?page=2,4,124 Panama recognized independent state of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16</ref> |- | 53 || {{MDV}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|02|19}} || <ref>[http://www.foreign.gov.mv/v3/?p=news&view=sep&nid=3042 Maldives extends full diplomatic recognition to the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722222923/http://www.foreign.gov.mv/v3/?p=news&view=sep&nid=3042 |date=22 July 2011 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Maldives, 2009-02-19</ref> |- | 54 || {{GMB}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|04|7}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,168 Gambia recognizes Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-04-07</ref> |- | 55 || {{SAU}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|04|20}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,171 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-04-20</ref> |- | 56 || {{COM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|05|14}} || <ref>[https://telegrafi.com/pacolli-thote-se-comors-nuk-e-ka-terhequr-njohjen-per-kosoven/</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,175 Union of the Comoros recognizes the Republic of Kosovo, as an independent and sovereign state], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-05-19</ref> |- | 57 || {{BHR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|05|19}} || <ref>[http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/433388 Bahrain recognizes Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907125751/http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/433388 |date=2012-09-07 }}, Bahrain News Agency, 2009-05-19</ref> |- | 58 || {{JOR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|7|7}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,12 Jordan recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-07-08</ref> |- | 59 || {{DOM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|7|10}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,11 Dominican Republic recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-07-11</ref><ref>[http://kosovothanksyou.com/files/DominicanRepublicRecognition.pdf Comunicado] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323151335/http://kosovothanksyou.com/files/DominicanRepublicRecognition.pdf |date=23 March 2012 }}, Kosovo Thanks You (in Spanish)</ref> |- | 60 || {{NZL}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|11|9}} || <ref name="newzealand">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,324 New Zealand recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-11-09</ref> |- | 61 || {{MWI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|12|14}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,404 Republic of Malawi recognizes Kosovo as independent and sovereign state], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-12-16</ref> |- | 62 || {{MRT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|01|12}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,419 The Islamic Republic of Mauritania recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-01-14</ref> |- | 63 || {{SWZ}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|04|12}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,481 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo by the Kingdom of Swaziland], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-04-12</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/repository/docs/nota_verbale.pdf Verbal Note], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo</ref> |- | 64 || {{VUT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|04|28}} || <ref>[http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/VanuatuRecognition.jpg Official recognition letter by Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of the Republic of Vanuatu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217130137/http://www.kosovothanksyou.com/files/VanuatuRecognition.jpg |date=2019-12-17 }}, Kosovo Thanks You, 2010-04-28</ref> |- | 65 || {{DJI}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|05|08}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,513 Recognition is confirmed by Djibouti], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-05-12</ref> |- | 66 || {{SOM}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|05|19}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,525 Somalia recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-05-21</ref> |- | 67 || {{HND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|09|03}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,574 Honduras recognises the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-09-03</ref> |- | 68 || {{KIR}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|10|21}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,599 Kiribati recognises the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-10-25</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akr-ks.eu/news/image/62/kiribati.jpg|title=Verbal Note |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313164623/http://www.akr-ks.eu/news/image/62/kiribati.jpg |archive-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=[[New Kosovo Alliance]]}}</ref> |- | 69 || {{TUV}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|11|18}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,607 Tuvalu recognises Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2010-11-19</ref> |- | 70 || {{QAT}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2011|01|07}} || <ref name="Qatar">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,620 Qatar recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-01-07</ref> |- | 71 || {{GNB}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2011|01|10}}{{refn|group="fn"|In a letter on 21 November 2017, the Ministry o Foreign Affairs o Guinea-Bissau tellt Kosovo that it haed gotten rid o its recognition o Kosovo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/18955-2017-11-21-16-58-00?lang=cyr|title=The Government of the Republic of Guinea Bissau has withdrawn the decision on recognition of Kosovo|date=2017-07-21|access-date=2017-07-21|publisher=Government of Serbia|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212220524/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/18955-2017-11-21-16-58-00?lang=cyr|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gvineja Bisao povukla odluku o priznanju Kosova iz 2011|url=http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2017&mm=11&dd=21&nav_category=640&nav_id=1327890|access-date=21 November 2017|work=b92.net|agency=[[Tanjug]]|date=21 November 2017|language=sr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prime Minister of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau denies that the country has recognized Kosovo|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/press-service/statements/17186-prime-minister-of-the-republic-of-guinea-bissau-denies-that-the-country-has-recognized-kosovo|access-date=21 November 2017|work=mfa.gov.rs|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia|date=17 November 2017|archive-date=2019-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730132422/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/press-service/statements/17186-prime-minister-of-the-republic-of-guinea-bissau-denies-that-the-country-has-recognized-kosovo|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 2 Februar 2018, Kosovo's MFA sayed that it haed gat a new note verbale frae Guinea-Bissau sayin that the aulder note gittin rid o recognition hinna haed an effect.<ref name=GBRest>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1%2C217%2C4725#.WnRkXI7JC3U.twitter Ministria e Jashtme pranon Notën Verbale të ri-konfirmimit zyrtar të njohjes së Republikës së Kosovës nga shteti Guinea-Bissau], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2018-02-02</ref><ref name=GBRest2>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/pacollibehgjet/status/959439612526575616/photo/1|title=The Embassy of Guinea-Bissau in Brussels transmitted to @MFAKOSOVO the Note Verbale re-confirming that #GuineaBissau's recognition of #Kosovo's independence in 2011 is sustainable. #Kosovo's recognition is global & unstoppable. This is the flow of history!pic.twitter.com/IctZNtRlLO|first=Behgjet|last=Pacolli&nbsp;🇽🇰}}{{Primary source inline|date=February 2018}}</ref>}} || <ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,623 The Republic of Guinea-Bissau Recognized the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-01-10</ref><ref>[http://www.lajmeshqip.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/njohja-Guinea-Bissau.jpg Verbal Note], Lajme Shqip, 2011-09-08 (in French)</ref> |- | 72 || {{AND}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2011|06|08}} || <ref name="Andorra">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,795 The Principality of Andorra recognizes Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-06-08</ref> |- | 73 || {{GIN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|12}}||<ref name="Niger & Guinea">[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,896 The Republic of Niger and the Republic of Guinea Conakry recognize Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-16</ref><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Guina_Conakry.jpg Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002730/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Guina_Conakry.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-12 (in French)</ref> |- | 74 || {{NER}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|15}}||<ref name="Niger & Guinea" /><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Nigeri.jpg Verbal Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002954/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/16.08.2011_nota_verbale_Nigeri.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-15 (in French)</ref> |- | 75 || {{BEN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|18}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,900 The Republic of Benin is the 80th state to recognize Kosovo's independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-18</ref> |- | 76 || {{LCA}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|08|19}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,906 Santa Lucia is the 81st UN member state to recognize the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-08-22</ref> |- | 77 || {{GAB}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|09|15}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,984 Kosovo's recognition confirmed by the Republic of Gabon], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo, 2011-10-13</ref><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/09.09.2011_nota_verbale_Gaboni.jpg Verbal Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002650/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/09.09.2011_nota_verbale_Gaboni.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo 2011-09-15 (in French)</ref> |- | 78 || {{CIV}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|09|16}}||<ref>[http://www.top-channel.tv/english/artikull.php?id=2797 Ivory Coast recognizes Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301123720/http://www.top-channel.tv/english/artikull.php?id=2797 |date=1 March 2012 }}, Top Channel, 2011-09-21</ref><ref>[http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/20.09.2011_nota_verbale_Bregu_i_Fildishte_.jpg Déclaration par la Côte d'Ivoire de la reconnaissance de l'État du Kossovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002523/http://www.1deputyprimeminister-ks.net/repository/images/20.09.2011_nota_verbale_Bregu_i_Fildishte_.jpg |date=4 November 2013 }}, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères de la Républic du Côte d'Ivoire, released First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo (in French)</ref> |- | 79 || {{KWT}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|10|11}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,981 Kuwait formally recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2011-10-11</ref> |- | 80 || {{HTI}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|02|10}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1111 Haiti's recognition of Kosovo confirmed during Minister Hoxhaj's visit to this state], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-02-10</ref> |- | 81 || {{BRN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|04|25}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1214 Brunei Darussalam recognizes Kosovo independence], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-04-25</ref> |- | 82 || {{TCD}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|06|01}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1282 Chad recognizes the Republic of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-06-01</ref> |- | 83 || {{TLS}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|09|20}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1479 Timori Lindor njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-09 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>[http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8067/8171165751_9692eae762_b.jpg Note verbale], Timor-Leste Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2012-09-20</ref> |- | 84 || {{FIJ}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|11|19}}||<ref>[http://kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,3213 Prime Minister Thaçi: Kosovo's membership in EBRD testified that the process of the recognition of the Kosovo as a democratic and sovereign country has taken an irreversible up-turn and is recognized as an historical fact], Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-19</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,1504 Fiji's verbal note recognizing Kosovo arrives], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-22</ref> |- | 85 || {{KNA}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|11|28}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1517 Saint Kitts dhe Nevis njeh zyrtarisht pavarësinë e Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-11-28 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foreign.govt.kn/ambassador-of-kosovo-pays-courtesy-call-on-the-honourable-mark-brantley-2/|title=Ambassador of Kosovo pays courtesy call on the Honourable Mark Brantley (STK Ministry of Foreign Affairs)|access-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909230511/http://www.foreign.govt.kn/ambassador-of-kosovo-pays-courtesy-call-on-the-honourable-mark-brantley-2/|archive-date=9 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 86 ||{{PAK}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|12|24}}||<ref>[http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mfa/pages/article.aspx?id=1429&type=1 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102231400/http://www.mofa.gov.pk/mfa/pages/article.aspx?id=1429&type=1 |date=2 January 2013 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 2012-24-12</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1550 Arrin nota verbale e njohjes së Kosovës nga Pakistani], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2012-12-28 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 87 || {{GUY}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|03|16}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1626 Guajana njeh shtetin e pavarur dhe sovran të Kosovës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2013-03-16 (in Albanian)</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/sc11107.doc.htm| title=Security Council Welcomes Progress in Implementing Peace Accord as Members Urge Leaders of Serbia, Kosovo to 'Stay the Course'| publisher=[[UN]]|date=2013-08-29|quote=In June, Egypt, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen, Guyana and El Salvador had recognized its independence, joining more than 100 Member States that had done the same.}}</ref> |- | 88 || {{TAN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|05|29}}||<ref>[http://www.telegrafi.com/fo/2010/njohja-verbale-foto.jpg CKA 699/755/01] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416054341/http://www.telegrafi.com/fo/2010/njohja-verbale-foto.jpg |date=2016-04-16 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Republic of Tanzania, 2013-06-05</ref> |- | 89 || {{YEM}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|06|11}}||<ref>[http://www.sabanews.net/en/news313610.htm Yemen recognizes Kosovo], Saba Net, 2013-06-11</ref><ref>[http://sphotos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/q71/s720x720/1016336_374748159293609_1053382903_n.jpg Verbal Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213170600/http://sphotos-a.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/q71/s720x720/1016336_374748159293609_1053382903_n.jpg |date=13 December 2013 }}, The official Facebook page of Enver Hoxhaj</ref> |- | 90 || {{EGY}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|06|26}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Arabic/Ministry/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?Source=1d5b0202-c337-4794-ab10-342893d069e1&newsID=17393f2d-a0db-471c-bd41-1c1d169b79c2 قرار حكومة جمهورية مصر العربية الاعتراف بجمهورية كوسوفو كدولة مستقلة وذات سيادة] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630231622/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Arabic/Ministry/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?Source=1d5b0202-c337-4794-ab10-342893d069e1&newsID=17393f2d-a0db-471c-bd41-1c1d169b79c2 |date=30 June 2013 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Egypt, 2013-06-26 (in Arabic)</ref> |- | 91 || {{SLV}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|06|29}}||<ref>[http://www.telegrafi.com/lajme/el-salvador-njeh-kosoven-2-33589.html El Salvador njeh Kosovën] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123055037/http://www.telegrafi.com/lajme/el-salvador-njeh-kosoven-2-33589.html |date=2016-01-23 }}, Telegrafi, 2013-06-29</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/repository/docs/17_07_13_121825_20130712-15-KND-MPJ-WEB-01.pdf June, month of record recognitions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205021506/http://www.mfa-ks.net/repository/docs/17_07_13_121825_20130712-15-KND-MPJ-WEB-01.pdf |date=5 February 2017 }}, Kosovo's New Diplomat, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Kosovo, June/August 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,1906 Arrin nota verbale nga El Salvadori], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2013-10-04 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 92 || {{THA}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|09|24}}||<ref>[http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,3792 Prime Minister Thaçi officially receives Thailand recognition of Kosovo in a meeting with Thailand Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Surapong Tovichakchaikul], Prime Minister of Kosovo, 2013-09-26</ref><ref>[http://www.ryt9.com/s/cabt/1742142 การรับรองโคโซโวโดยการสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตกับโคโซโว], ข่าวออนไลน์ RYT9, 2013-09-25 (in Thai)</ref> |- | 93 || {{LBY}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|09|25}}||<ref>[http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,3789 Today, in New York, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, Hashim Thaçi met the Prime Minister of Libya, Ali Zeidan in a private meeting], Prime Minister of Kosovo, 2013-09-25</ref><ref>[http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/09/26/libya-officially-recognises-kosovo/ Libya officially recognises Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820125627/https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/09/26/libya-officially-recognises-kosovo/ |date=2018-08-20 }}, Libya Herald, 2013-09-26</ref> |- | 94 || {{TON}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2014|01|15}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,2227 Arrin nota verbale e njohjes nga Mbretëria e Tongës], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2014-01-20 (in Albanian)</ref> |- | 95 || {{ATG}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|05|20}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,2633 Antigua and Barbuda recognizes the independence of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2015-05-20</ref> |- | 96 || {{SGP}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2016|12|01}}||<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,217,3943 Singapore Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State and Diplomatic Relations are Established], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2016-12-01</ref><ref>[https://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/media_centre/press_room/pr/2016/201612/press_201612011.html The Government of the Republic of Singapore and the Government of the Republic of Kosovo have established diplomatic relations with effect from 1 December 2016.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181102/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/media_centre/press_room/pr/2016/201612/press_201612011.html |date=20 June 2018 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore, 2016-12-01</ref> |- | 97 || {{BAN}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2017|02|27}}||<ref>[http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/2017/02/27/bangladesh-officially-recognises-kosovo-independent-state/ Bangladesh Officially Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State], Dhaka Tribune, 2017-02-27</ref><ref>[http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,6604 Prime Minister Mustafa accepted verbal note of recognition of Kosovo by Bangladesh], Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 2016-02-28</ref> |- | 98 || {{BRB}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2018|02|15}}||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rtklive.com/sq/news-single.php?ID=245243|title=Në prag të përvjetorit të Pavarësisë, Barbadosi njeh Kosovën|date=15 February 2018|access-date=6 March 2018|work=RTKLive|language=sq}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koha.net/arberi/75744/barbadosi-njeh-pavaresine-e-kosoves/|title=Barbadosi njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës|date=15 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=pacollibehgjet|number=964216679868850177|title=Very pleased to announce that #Barbados has recognized #Kosovo as an independent and sovereign state. Thanks to my colleague FM Maxine McClean for this decision taken on the eve of #Kosovo’s 10 anniversary of independence.There is no better way to celebrate #Kosova10!|date=16 February 2018|first=Behgjet|last=Pacolli}}</ref> |- | 99 || {{ISR}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2020|09|04}}||<ref>Israeli envoy to Serbia: We recognised Kosovo on September 4; not an issue any. [http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a642039/Israeli-envoy-to-Serbia-We-recognised-Kosovo-on-September-4-it-s-not-issue-anymore.html 21.09.2020. N1 Belgrade.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009113422/http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a642039/Israeli-envoy-to-Serbia-We-recognised-Kosovo-on-September-4-it-s-not-issue-anymore.html |date=2020-10-09 }}</ref><ref name="TheTimesofIsrael_KosovoSerbia" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Reuters|date=2020-09-04|title=Serbia, Kosovo to Open Israel Embassies in Jerusalem|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/09/04/world/middleeast/04reuters-serbia-kosovo-usa-jerusalem.html|access-date=2020-09-04|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907060846/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/09/04/world/middleeast/04reuters-serbia-kosovo-usa-jerusalem.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ;Notes {{reflist|group=fn}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Kosovo| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Europe]] [[Category:States an territories established in 2008]] [[Category:Unrecognized or lairgely unrecognized states]] ewvnophf1bqevc4mc57xrsp1equumj1 0 10964 923762 923508 2026-09-29T22:04:12Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}}{{Infobox settlement |name = Quebec Ceety |official_name = ''Ville de Québec'' |settlement_type = [[Leet o ceeties in Quebec|Ceety]] |image_skyline = Quebec City Montage.png |image_flag = Flag of Quebec City.svg |flag_size = 120x100px |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = 100x100px |nickname = La Vieille Capitale'' |motto = Don de Dieu feray<!--sic--> valoir<br />("I shall put God's gift to good use"; the ''Don de Dieu'' was Champlain's ship) |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Canada Quebec |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_mapsize = 197 |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates = {{coord|46|49|N|71|13|W|region:CA-QC|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = 2, rue des Jardins, Québec<ref name="mamrot">{{mamrot |type=municipalite |23027}}</ref> |coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="toponymie">{{toponymie |51718}}</ref> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Canadae}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces an territories o Canadae|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Quebec}} |subdivision_type2 = [[Region (Quebec)|Region]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Capitale-Nationale]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Regional coonty municipality|RCM]] |subdivision_name3 = None |subdivision_type4 = Metropolitan commonty |subdivision_name4 = [[Communauté métropolitaine de Québec]] |subdivision_type5 = [[Agglomeration]] |subdivision_name5 = [[Agglomeration o Quebec Ceety]] |established_title = Foondit |established_date = 3 Julie 1608, bi [[Samuel de Champlain]] |established_title1 = Constitutit |established_date1 = 1 Januar 2002 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |parts_type =Burghs |parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1 = [[Beauport, Quebec Ceety|Beauport]] |p2 = [[Charlesbourg, Quebec Ceety|Charlesbourg]] |p3 = [[La Cité-Limoilou]] |p4 = [[La Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec Ceety|La Haute-Saint-Charles]] |p5 = [[Les Rivières, Quebec Ceety|Les Rivières]] |p6 = [[Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge]] |government_footnotes = <ref name="mamrot"/> |government_type = [[Quebec Ceety Cooncil]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = [[Régis Labeaume]] |leader_title1 = [[Members o the Canadian Hoose o Commons|MPs]] |leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title = Leet o MPs |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1 = [[Raymond Côté]] - Beauport—Limoilou |2 = [[Anne-Marie Day]] - Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles |3 = [[Denis Blanchette]] - Louis-Hébert |4 = [[Alexandrine Latendresse]] - Louis-Saint-Laurent |5 = [[Jonathan Tremblay]] - Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord |6 = [[Annick Papillon]]- Québec |7 = ([[Élaine Michaud]] - Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier) }} |leader_title2 = [[Naitional Assembly o Quebec|MNAs]] |leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title = List of MNAs |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1 = [[Raymond Bernier]] - Montmorency |2 = [[Yves Bolduc]] - Jean-Talon |3 = [[André Drolet]] - Jean-Lesage |4 = [[Sam Hamad]] - Louis-Hébert |5 = [[Éric Caire]] - La Peltrie |6 = [[Patrick Huot]] - Vanier |7 = [[Agnès Maltais]] - Taschereau |8 = [[Michel Pigeon]] - Charlesbourg |9 = [[Gérard Deltell]] - Chauveau }} |area_footnotes = <ref name="mamrot"/><ref name="cp2011">{{SCref |unit=csd |code=2423027}}</ref> |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 484.10 |area_land_km2 = 454.10 |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_metro_footnotes = <ref name="cp2011-CA">{{SCref |unit=cma |code=421}}</ref> |area_metro_km2 = 3349.12 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/quebec-city</ref><!--for references: use<ref></ref> tags--> |elevation_m = 98 |population_footnotes = <ref name="cp2011"/> |population_total = 516,622 ([[Leet o the 100 lairgest municipalities in Canadae bi population|11t]]) |population_as_of = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 1137.7 |population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="cp2011-CA"/> |population_metro = 765,706 ([[Leet o the 100 lairgest metropolitan auries in Canadae|7t]]) |population_density_metro_km2 = 228.6 |population_blank1_title = Chynge&nbsp;<small>(2006–11)</small> |population_blank1 = {{increase}}5.2% |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_blank2_title = Dwellins |population_blank2 = 255785 |population_note = |timezone = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]] |utc_offset = −5 |timezone_DST = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = −4 |postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code|Postal code(s)]] |postal_code = [[Leet o G postal codes o Canadae|G1A to G2N]] |area_code = [[Aurie codes 418 an 581|418 an 581]] |blank_name = [[Standard Geographical Classification code (Canada)|SGC code]] |blank_info = 24 23 027 |blank1_name = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map |blank1_info = 021L14 |blank2_name = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code |blank2_info = EHTWR |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |website = {{URL|www.ville.quebec.qc.ca}} |footnotes = }} '''Quebec''' ({{IPA-en|kwɨˈbɛk|}} or {{IPA|/kəˈbɛk/}}; {{lang-fr|'''Québec'''}}, {{IPA-fr|keˈbɛk||FR-Québec.ogg}}), an aw '''Québec''', '''Quebec Ceety''' or '''Québec Ceety''' ({{lang-fr|Ville de Québec}})<ref>Accordin tae the [[Government of Canada|federal]] an [[Politics o Quebec#Government o Quebec|provincial governments]], '''Québec''' (wi the [[acute accent]]) is the ceety's offeecial name in baith [[Quebec French|French]] an [[Canadian Inglis|Inglis]]. Even though French place names in Canadae typically retain their accents in Inglis an the ceety's name is [http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/info/pan_can_e.php not among 81 locales of pan-Canadian significance with official forms in both languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210041815/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/info/pan_can_e.php |date=2009-12-10 }}, as is the case wi the province o [[Quebec|Quebec/''Québec'']], '''Quebec''' is a legitimate an well-established exception in Inglis (as is [[Montreal]]). Similarly, '''Quebec CIty''' is common (e.g., per the ''[[Canadian Oxford Dictionary]]'' (ISBN 0-19-541816-6, p. 1265)), and is used particularly to distinguish the city from the province. According to ''Editing Canadian English'' (ISBN 1-55199-045-8, p. 77) the form '''Québec City''' makes no sense in either English or French; nonetheless, it is used by the [http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/EN/apropos/portrait/symbole_identitaire.aspx municipal government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720233313/http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/apropos/portrait/symbole_identitaire.aspx |date=2015-07-20 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/apropos/portrait/symbole_identitaire.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720233313/http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/apropos/portrait/symbole_identitaire.aspx |archive-date=2015-07-20 |url-status=dead}} and other sources (e.g., [[Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport]]).</ref> is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] o the [[Canadae|Canadian]] [[Provinces an territories o Canadae|province]] o [[Quebec]] an is locatit athin the [[Capitale-Nationale]] region. It is the seicont maist populous ceety in Quebec efter [[Montreal]], which is aboot 233 kilometres (145&nbsp;mi) tae the soothwast. == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Quebec City}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Quebec]] [[Category:Quebec Ceety| ]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Canadae]] [[Category:Populatit places on the Saint Lawrence River]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1608]] [[Category:Umwhile caipitals o Canadae]] [[Category:Hudson's Bay Company tredin posts]] [[Category:Port settlements in Quebec]] {{Stub/Canadae}} {{Stub/Ceity}} d63q2b4gp0o532llrqia6028fdunzbn 0 11293 923794 923553 2026-09-30T04:21:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Republic o Tunisie<br/>{{lang|ar|الجمهورية التونسية}} [[Arabic leid|(Arabic)]] <br/> ''al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah'' |common_name = Tunisie |image_flag = Flag of Tunisia.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg |symbol_type = Coat o airms |national_motto = {{lang|ar|حرية، ، عدالة، نظام}}<br/>"{{transl|ar|Ḥurrīyah, 'Adālah, Niẓām}}"<br/>{{small|"Liberty, Justice, Order"}}<ref name="art4">{{cite web |title=Tunisia Constitution, Article 4 |url=http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |publication-date=26 January 2014 |accessdate=10 February 2014 |archive-date=2014-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209234154/http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |national_anthem = {{lang|ar|حماة الحمى}}<br/>''[[Humat al-Hima]]''<br/>{{small|''Defenders o the Hameland''}}<br/>{{center|[[File:Humat al-Hima.ogg]]}} |image_map = Location Tunisia AU Africa.svg |map_caption = {{map caption|countryprefix=|location_color=dark blue|region=Africa|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the [[African Union]]|subregion_color=light blue}} |image_map2 = Tunisia - Location Map (2013) - TUN - UNOCHA.svg |capital = [[Tunis]] |coordinates = {{Coord|36|50|N|10|9|E|type:city}} |largest_city = caipital |official_languages = [[Arabic]]<ref name="art1">{{cite web |title=Tunisian Constitution, Article 1 |url=http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |publication-date=26 January 2014 |accessdate=10 February 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209234154/http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |archivedate=9 February 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209234154/http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |date=2014-02-09 }} Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic."</ref> |languages_type = Spoken leids |languages = {{vunblist |[[Tunisie Arabic]]<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/aeb Arabic, Tunisian Spoken]. Ethnologue (19 February 1999). Retrieved on 5 September 2015.</ref> |[[Tamazight]] (Berber)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://global.britannica.com/topic/Tamazight-language|title=Tamazight language|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2017-04-21|archive-date=2021-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104233722/https://global.britannica.com/topic/Tamazight-language|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nawaat.org/portail/2012/02/27/interview-avec-association-tunisienne-de-culture-amazigh/|title=Nawaat – Interview avec l’ Association Tunisienne de Culture Amazighe|work=Nawaat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://researchdirect.uws.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:573|title=An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia)|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/10/13/tunisian-amazigh-and-the-fight-for-recognition/|title=Tunisian Amazigh and the Fight for Recognition – Tunisialive|work=Tunisialive|access-date=2017-04-21|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225065936/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/10/13/tunisian-amazigh-and-the-fight-for-recognition/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[French leid|French]] <small>(commercial an eddicational)</small>}} [[English leid|Inglis]] <small>(commercial an edidcational)</small> |ethnic_groups = <!--The following is sourced (see ethnic_groups_year above), so please do not change it without also replacing that source:--> {{vunblist | 98% {{nowrap|[[Arabs|Arab]]<ref name=CIA/><!--end nowrap:-->}} | 1% [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European]]<ref name=CIA>{{cite web |title=Tunisia |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html |publisher=CIA World Factbook |accessdate=15 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BRmFRbow?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html |archivedate=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 1% [[Jews|Jewish]] an ither<ref name=CIA/> }} |demonym = Tunisie |government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]]}} [[republic]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frosini|first1=Justin|last2=Biagi|first2=Francesco|title=Political and Constitutional Transitions in North Africa: Actors and Factors|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317597452|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FK2BQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>Choudhry, Sujit; Stacey, Richard (2014) [http://www.idea.int/publications/constitution-building-a-global-review/upload/cbgr_c5.pdf "Semi-presidential government in Tunisia and Egypt"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202025829/http://www.idea.int/publications/constitution-building-a-global-review/upload/cbgr_c5.pdf |date=2016-02-02 }}. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved 7 January 2016.</ref> |leader_title1 = [[Preses o Tunisia|Preses]] |leader_name1 = [[Kais Saied]] (قيس سعيد) |leader_title2 = [[Heid o Govrenment o Tunisie|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name2 = [[Kamel Madouri]] (كمال المدوري) |legislature = [[Assembly o the Representatives of the People (Tunisie)|Assembly o the Representatives o the Fowk]] |sovereignty_type = [[History o Tunisie|Formation]] |established_event1 = [[Husainid Dynasty]] inauguratit |established_date1 = 15 Julie 1705 |established_event2 = Independence frae [[French Fowert Republic|Fraunce]] |established_date2 = 20 Mairch 1956 |established_event3 = [[History o modren Tunisie|Republic declared]] |established_date3 = 25 Julie 1957 |established_event4 = [[Tunisie Revolution|Revolution Day]] |established_date4 = 14 Januar 2011 |area_km2 = 163610 |area_rank = 93rd |area_sq_mi = 63170 |percent_water = 5.0 |population_estimate = 10,982,754<ref name="ins">{{cite web |url=http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexen.php |title=National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia |publisher=National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia |date=12 September 2014 |accessdate=12 September 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904023615/http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_census = |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate_rank = 79t |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 63 <!--pop est 2011 (164,418 sq km) / land area(163610) = 63,482 sq mi--> |population_density_sq_mi = 163 |population_density_rank = 133rd |GDP_PPP = $130.831 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=38&pr.y=8&sy=2016&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=744&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Tunisia |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2016 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,656<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $42.388 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_year = 2016 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,776<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini = 36.1 <!-- number only --> |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |date= |accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref> |HDI = 0.725 <!-- number only --> |HDI_year = 2016<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2016_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |date=2016 |accessdate=04 April 2016 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> |HDI_rank = 97th |currency = [[Tunisie dinar]] |currency_code = TND |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |drives_on = [[Richt- an left-haund traffic#Tunisie|richt]] |calling_code = [[+216]] |cctld = {{ublist |[[.tn]] |{{rtl-lang|ar|[[.تونس]]}}<ref name="iana">{{cite web |url=http://www.iana.org/reports/2010/tunis-report-16jul2010.html |title=Report on the Delegation of تونس. |year=2010 |publisher=Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers |accessdate=8 November 2010}}</ref>}} |religion = [[Islam]] |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |country_code = +216 }} '''Tunisie''', offeecially the '''Tunisian Republic''' (الجمهورية التونسية‎ al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya), is the northrenmaist kintra in [[Africae]]. It is an Arab kintra an is bordered bi [[Algerie]] tae the wast, [[Libie]] tae the sootheast, an the [[Mediterranean Sea]] tae the north an east. Its aurie is amaist 165,000&nbsp;km², wi an estimatit population o juist ower 10.3 million. Its name is derived frae the caipital [[Tunis]] locatit in the north-east. == Name == {{Main|[[Tunis#Etymology|Etymology o Tunis]]}} The wird ''Tunisie'' is derived frae '''[[Tunis]]'''; a ceety an caipital o modren-day Tunisie. The present form o the name, wi its Latinate suffix ''{{nowrap|-ia}}'', evolved frae French ''Tunisie''. This name wis introduced bi French geographers an historians as pairt o thair efforts tae gie names tae thair new occupied territories an protectorates. The French derivative ''Tunisie'' wis adoptit in some European leids wi slicht modifications, introducin a distinctive name tae designate the kintra. Ither leids remained untouched, sic as the [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] ''Túnez''. In this case, the same name is uised for baith kintra an ceety as in [[Arabic]]: تونس an ae bi context can ane tell the difference.<ref name="adrian">{{cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites |url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom |publisher=McFarland |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom/page/385 385] |isbn=0-7864-2248-3 }}</ref> The name ''Tunis'' can be attributit tae different oreegins. It can be associatit wi the Phoenician goddess ''[[Tanit|Tanith (aka Tunit)]]'', auncient ceety o ''Tynes'' or tae the Berber ruit ''ens'' which means "tae lie doun". == Govrenorates an ceeties == === Govrenorates === [[File:Governorates of Tunisia.svg|thumb|right|200px|Govrenorates o Tunisie]] {{Main|Govrenorates o Tunisie|Delegations o Tunisie}} Tunisia is subdividit intae 24 [[govrenorate]]s, thay are: <table><td><ol> <li> [[Ariana Govrenorate|Ariana]] <li> [[Béja Govrenorate|Béja]] <li> [[Ben Arous Govrenorate|Ben Arous]] <li> [[Bizerte Govrenorate|Bizerte]] <li> [[Gabès Govrenorate|Gabès]] <li> [[Gafsa Govrenorate|Gafsa]] <li> [[Jendouba Govrenorate|Jendouba]] <li> [[Kairouan Govrenorate|Kairouan]] <li> [[Kasserine Govrenorate|Kasserine]] <li> [[Kebili Govrenorate|Kebili]] <li> [[Kef Govrenorate|Kef]] <li> [[Mahdia Govrenorate|Mahdia]] </ol></td><td><ol start=13> <li> [[Manouba Govrenorate|Manouba]] <li> [[Medenine Govrenorate|Medenine]] <li> [[Monastir Govrenorate|Monastir]] <li> [[Nabeul Govrenorate|Nabeul]] <li> [[Sfax Govrenorate|Sfax]] <li> [[Sidi Bou Zid Govrenorate|Sidi Bou Zid]] <li> [[Siliana Govrenorate|Siliana]] <li> [[Sousse Govrenorate|Sousse]] <li> [[Tataouine Govrenorate|Tataouine]] <li> [[Tozeur Govrenorate|Tozeur]] <li> [[Tunis Govrenorate|Tunis]] <li> [[Zaghouan Govrenorate|Zaghouan]] </ol></td></table> The govrenorates are dividit intae 264 "[[Delegations o Tunisie|delegations]]" or "[[destrict]]s" (''mutamadiyat''), an further subdividit intae [[municipality|municipalities]] (''shaykhats'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/utn.html |title=Tunisia Governorates |publisher=Statoids.com |date= |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref> an sectors (''imadats'').<ref>[http://www.tunisieindustrie.nat.tn/fr/doc.asp?mcat=12&mrub=105&msrub=204&dev=true ''Portail de l'industrie Tunisienne''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106172919/http://www.tunisieindustrie.nat.tn/Fr/doc.asp?mcat=12&mrub=105&msrub=204&dev=true |date=2013-01-06 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.tunisieindustrie.nat.tn/Fr/doc.asp?mcat=12&mrub=105&msrub=204&dev=true |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106172919/http://www.tunisieindustrie.nat.tn/Fr/doc.asp?mcat=12&mrub=105&msrub=204&dev=true |archive-date=2013-01-06 |url-status=dead}}, in French</ref> === Major ceeties === '':See an aa:[[Leet o ceeties in Tunisie]]'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:50px;"| Nr. ! style="width:150px;"| Ceety ! style="width:170px;"| Population ! style="width:150px;"| Governatorate |- | {{center|1}} | '''[[Tunis]]''' | <div class="center"> 983,861 <ref>3,980,500 in the metropolitan aurie</ref></div> | [[Tunis Govrenorate|Tunis]] |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{center|2}} | '''[[Sfax]]''' | <div class="center">855,256 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://population.mongabay.com/population/tunisia/2467454/sfax|title=Mongabay.com, population of Sfax|accessdate=2009-10-09|work=|archive-date=2011-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128022036/http://population.mongabay.com/population/tunisia/2467454/sfax|url-status=dead}}</ref></div> | [[Sfax Govrenorate|Sfax]] |- | {{center|3}} | '''[[Kairouan]]''' | <div class="center">546,209 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://population.mongabay.com/population/tunisia/2473449/kairouan|title=Mongabay.com, population of Kairouan|accessdate=2009-10-09|work=|archive-date=2011-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128023903/http://population.mongabay.com/population/tunisia/2473449/kairouan|url-status=dead}}</ref></div> | [[Kairouan Govrenorate|Kairouan]] |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{center|4}} | '''[[Sousse]]''' | <div class="center">544,413 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://population.mongabay.com/population/tunisia/2464915/sousse|title=Mongabay.com, population of Sousse|accessdate=2009-10-09|work=|archive-date=2011-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103075259/http://population.mongabay.com/population/tunisia/2464915/sousse|url-status=dead}}</ref></div> | [[Sousse Govrenorate|Sousse]] |- | {{center|5}} | '''[[Ettadhamen-Mnihla|Ettadhamen]]''' <ref name=tt>Part of Tunis metropolitan area</ref> | <div class="center">422,246 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fita.org/countries/tunisia.html?ma_rubrique=cadre|title=FITA, population of At Tadaman|accessdate=2009-10-09|work=|archive-date=2010-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226105408/http://www.fita.org/countries/tunisia.html?ma_rubrique=cadre|url-status=dead}}</ref></div> | [[Ariana Govrenorate|Ariana]] |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{center|6}} | '''[[Gabès]]''' | <div class="center">342,630 </div> | [[Gabès Govrenorate|Gabès]] |- | {{center|7}} | '''[[Bizerte]]''' | <div class="center">114,371</div> | [[Bizerte Govrenorate|Bizerte]] |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{center|8}} | '''[[Aryanah]]''' <ref name="tt"/> | <div class="center">97,687</div> | [[Ariana Govrenorate|Ariana]] |- | {{center|9}} | '''[[Gafsa]]''' | <div class="center">84,676</div> | [[Gafsa Govrenorate|Gafsa]] |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{center|10}} | '''[[El Mourouj]]''' <ref name="tt"/> | <div class="center">81,986</div> | [[Ben Arous Govrenorate|Ben Arous]] |} == Affiliations == Tunisie is a member o the follaein organisations: <center> {| class="wikitable" colspan="2" |- |Organization |Dates |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[Unitit Naitions]] | syne 12 November 1956 |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[Arab League]] | syne 1958 |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[Organization o the Islamic Conference]] | syne 1969 |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[Warld Tred Organisation]] | syne 29 Mairch 1995 |- | style="text-align:center;"| [[Mediterranean Dialogue|Mediterranean Dialogue group]] | syne Februar 1995 |} </center> == Notes == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat|Tunisia}} {{Wikivoyage|Tunisia}} *[http://www.tunisie.gov.tn/index.php?lang=english Government o Tunisie] *{{dmoz|Regional/Africae/Tunisie}} *{{wikiatlas|Tunisie}} [[Category:Tunisie| ]] [[Category:Kintras in Africae]] [[Category:African Union member states]] [[Category:Member states o the Arab League]] [[Category:Arabic-speakin kintras]] [[Category:French-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]] [[Category:Member states o the Union for the Mediterranean]] [[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1956]] [[Category:North Africae]] {{Stub/NAfricae}} {{authority control}} cfyryh28nf1grvly745tvojrbnvmptd 0 11495 923802 923577 2026-09-30T06:28:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923802 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Yamaha YZR-M1''' is an 800cc motorcycle specifically developed bi [[Yamaha Motor Company]] tae race in the current [[MotoGP]] series.<ref name="History">{{cite web |url=http://www.yamaha-racing.com/Racing/motogp/bike/history/ |title=History of 990cc |accessdate=2008-03-21 |work=Yamaha Racing |publisher=[[Yamaha Motor Company]] |archive-date=2008-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080322034310/http://www.yamaha-racing.com/Racing/motogp/bike/history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It succeedit the 500cc [[Yamaha YZR500|YZR500]] bi the [[2002 Grand Prix motorcycle racin saison|2002 saison]] an wis oreeginally developed wi a 990cc ingine. Syne then, the YZR-M1 haes been continuously developed intae several iterations. == 2002 – 2003 == [[2002 Grand Prix motorcycle racin saison|2002]] wis the first saison which allowed 990 cc [[Fower-stroke ingine|4-strokes]] tae be raced alangside 500 cc [[Twa stroke cycle|2-strokes]]. In a chynge frae thair [[V4 ingine|V-4]] [[Yamaha YZR500|YZR500]], Yamaha designed the YZR-M1 (for "Mission Ane") wi an [[Straicht-4|inline-4]] ingine, in order tae hae a langer [[swingairm]] an shorter [[wheelbase]]. An aa, Yamaha wantit tae preserve the superior haundlin o the YZR500, sae the M1's ingine wis designed tae fit in a chassis seemilar tae the YZR500's. The M1 wis ootfittit wi an electronic ingine management seestem that controlled the [[ingine brakin]] endemic tae 4-strokes.<ref name="History"/><ref name="Crash1">{{cite news |title=Mission One: Introducing Yamaha's awesome YZR-M1 |publisher=Crash.net |date=2001-05-14 |url= http://www.crash.net/motorsport/motogp/feature/715-0/mission_one_introducing_yamahas_awesome_yzr-m1.html |accessdate=2008-04-16}}</ref> The M1 wis test-ridden an developed bi [[Max Biaggi]], [[John Kocinski]], [[Norihiko Fujiwara]] an Kyoji Namba throughoot 2001. It wis raced in the 2002 saison bi Biaggi an [[Carlos Checa]] on the factory team, an towards the end o the saison M1s wur an aa providit tae [[Norifumi Abe]], [[Olivier Jacque]] an [[Shinya Nakano]]. In [[2003 Grand Prix motorcycle racin saison|2003]], the ingine went frae [[Carburetor|carburetion]] tae [[fuel injection]], an the Ingine Management Seestem wis changed tae the Idle Control Seestem.<ref name="Crash2">{{cite news |title=Evolution of the YZR-M1 - part one |publisher=Crash.net |date=2006-11-19 |url= http://www.crash.net/motorsport/motogp/news/140453-0/evolution_of_the_yzr-m1_-_part_one.html |accessdate=2008-04-16}}</ref> Biaggi achieved 2 wins in 2002, an placed seicont in the feenal staundins as did Yamaha in the manufacturer's championship. In 2003, M1 riders wur Checa, [[Alex Barros]], [[Olivier Jacque]], [[Marco Melandri]], [[Shinya Nakano]] an [[Norifumi Abe]], an thare wur no wins an Yamaha came in third in the manufacturer's championship. == 2004/2005 == [[Valentino Rossi]] signed a twa-year contract wi Yamaha, reportedly worth in excess o USD$6 million per saison, in a muive that wis describit bi the press as "biting off more than he could chew". It wis widely felt nae anly bi his critics an media pundits, but an aa bi mony fans, that even he wad nae be able tae bring the strugglin YZR-M1 up tae the level o the hereto aw conquering [[Honda RC211V]]. A well publicised increase in the pace o development o the Honda machine ower the winter saison fuelled expectation that a [[Honda RC211V]] in the haunds o riders the calibre o [[Max Biaggi]] an [[Sete Gibernau]] wad hae na problem in retainin the Warld Title for Honda. Meanwhile, Rossi wisna the anly defection Honda haed tae contend wi; [[Jeremy Burgess]] (crew chief for Rossi at Honda), alang wi the majority o his lang established crew, wur convinced bi Rossi tae join him at Yamaha. This wis a shrewd muive, an wis citit bi Rossi in his autobiography as bein instrumental in providin him wi the strang basis necessary for launchin an attack on the Championship wi the YZR-M1. Durin 2003/2004 winter testin, Yamaha stepped up tae the plate bi pullin oot aw the staps in thair collaboration wi Rossi an Burgess. Throu a seestematic regime o innovation an testin, thay soucht tae refine the M1's tradeetionally strang traits sic as guid brakin an quick handlin (which impressed Rossi), an mairy them wi guid balance an transeetion tae pouer. Wirkin closely wi Rossi an Burgess, Yamaha engineers unner YZR-M1 project leader Koichi Tsuji experimented wi a nummer o ingine modifications in an attempt tae fix the pouer delivery, an feenally it wis decidit tae gang ahead wi a fower valve per cylinder heid configuration (as opposed tae the earlier five valve heid), wi a specially refined cylinder firin order. This turned the straicht fower cylinder ingine frae a tradeetional "screamer", whaur the pouer pulses ar spaced equally (every 180 crank degrees) in the fower stroke cycle, intae a sae cried [[big-bang firin order|"lang bang"]] ingine whaur the pouer pulses ar grouped unevenly athort the cycle (270-180-90-180). This firin order mimics that o a V4 ingine while maintainin the desirable ingine packaging o a tradeetional inline fower cylinder. Thir developments significantly improved the torque characteristics o the ingine, an coupled wi slicht chynges tae the poseetion o the ingine in the chassis, made the M1 much easier tae control at the leemit o adhesion while exitin corners. Efter a frantic winter o development an testin, the team shawed the warld that thay haed made a significant step in the richt direction, when Rossi an the M1 wan the BMW car at the 2004 pre saison IRTA test at Catalunya, bi postin the fastest lap o the open session (seemilar tae normal race qualifyin). Wi the tradeetional first race o the saison at [[Suzuka Circuit|Suzuka]] aff the leet due tae safety considerations, the 2004 saison stairtit at [[Welkom]] in [[Sooth Africae]]. In a quite remarkable race, Rossi came throu tae claim the victory, nae anly silencin his critics, but acomin the first man in heestory tae win twa GPs back tae back wi twa different manufacturers. Rossi wad gang on tae claim 8 mair GP wins on his wye tae win the 2004 Championship, wi a tally o 304 pynts. Honda riders [[Sete Gibernau]] an [[Max Biaggi]] teuk seicont an third wi 257 an 217 pynts respectively. The 2004 saison wad tharefore unfauld tae gie Rossi the opportunity he haed soucht; tae prove that it wis his talent rather than juist the bike that haed wan him his championships. In sae doin, he an aa achieved ane o the great coups in the heestory o Motorcycle Racin. The YZR-M1 an Rossi partnership continued tae dominate in 2005, when the Championship wis wan bi a massive 147 pynt margin ower Honda rider [[Marco Melandri]] in seicont place. The 2005 M1 wis hailed bi insiders tae be a great race bike, it illustrated that Yamaha wi input frae Rossi haed creatit a race bike tae beat the ithers quite easily. Rossi wad gang on later tae say that the 2005 M1 wis the greatest bike he haes ever ridden. == 2006 == [[File:2006YamahaYZR-M1-001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Valentino Rossi]]'s 2006 Yamaha YZR-M1]] The [[2006 Grand Prix motorcycle racin season|2006 saison]] proved a wee mair problematic for Yamaha, wi the M1 sufferin frae chatter frae the very first race o the year. It wad be a recurrin problem for aw Yamaha riders in the first third o the saison, an wis thoucht tae be a function o three major winter saison developments; namely a signeeficant hike in ingine pouer, a new stiffer chassis an a new construction o [[Michelin]] tyre wi an even stickier compound an revised profile. Acause aw three developments occurred almaist simultaneously, the uisual meticulous testin o ane development at a time wis compromised an it wad tak much o the early saison tae unnerstaund an owercome the problems. This setback for Yamaha an the YZR-M1 wis lairgely responsible for Valentino Rossi's mediocre saison stairt in 2006, manifest bi poor qualifyin performances an a brace o misluck, he an aa suffered a wrist injury mid saison, which addit tae his woes. In the feenal third o a memorable saison, the M1's problems wur virtually eradicatit, an Valentino Rossi turned in a string o performances that wad close doun a lairge pynts gap on Championship leader [[Nicky Hayden]] aboard the Honda RC211V. It wis anly in the feenal race o the saison that the M1 an Valentino Rossi war beaten bi juist five pynts an Yamaha relinquished the Championship back tae Honda in the haunds o [[Nicky Hayden]], who anly wan twa races that saison. Hayden wad later state that Rossi deserved tae be champion, but luck an DNF'S cost him the championship. Valentino Rossi wad win 5 races in 2006 tae Nicky Hayden's 2, a fact that wis well played durin the aff saison. == 2007 == Regulations again changed for the 2007 saison wi the capacity o MotoGP machines reduced tae 800&nbsp;cc in an effort bi the [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme|FIM]] tae reduce the ever increasin speeds o the 990&nbsp;cc bikes (capable o well in excess o 210&nbsp;mph ''(340&nbsp;km/h)''); tharefore the YZR-M1 wad continue in 2007 in 800&nbsp;cc fairm. In post-2006 an in 2007 pre-saison testin, the new 800&nbsp;cc equipped YZR-M1 (alang wi ither 800&nbsp;cc MotoGP bikes) haes been paradoxically quicker straucht oot o the box than the 990&nbsp;cc version o the M1. This is bi virtue o later, harder brakin, quicker haundlin, heicher corner speeds, an mair controllable traction, an as the 2007 saison got unner wye, the 800&nbsp;cc YZR-M1 wis expectit tae get quicker as its development continued. The chatter that plagued the early 2006 YZR-M1 haes been eliminatit in the switch tae 800 cc.<ref>Birt, M.: [http://www.motorcyclenews.com/nav?page=motorcyclenews.articles.articleCategory.article&resourceId=6539358&articleCategory=SPORT_MOTOGP Yamaha chatter finished] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225073718/http://www.motorcyclenews.com/nav?page=motorcyclenews.articles.articleCategory.article |date=2007-02-25 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.motorcyclenews.com/nav?page=motorcyclenews.articles.articleCategory.article |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225073718/http://www.motorcyclenews.com/nav?page=motorcyclenews.articles.articleCategory.article |archive-date=2007-02-25 |url-status=dead}} ''motorcyclenews.com'', 2007-02-21.</ref> While the Main sponsor for the Offeecial Factory Yamaha Team haes switched frae [[Camel]] wi thair distinctive yellae an blue livery, tae that o The Italian Motor Manufacturer [[Fiat]]. The team will run ineetially in a blue an white colour scheme an haes hinted at the unusual intention o runnin a variety o colour schemes throughoot the saison. == 2008 == The 2008 YZR-M1 wis regardit as the best aw roond bike in MotoGP. Rossi wan the 2008 Championship bi a record margin an dominated podium feenishes aw saison. Teammate Jorge Lorenzo managed a first ever Rookie win on the M1 at the Portuguese GP an haed 6 podium finishes. Mony alang wi Rossi hae said that the YZR-M1 wis the best bike o 2008 season, something that wis well proven durin the heatit battles Rossi haed wi Casey Stoner on the Ducati. ==Successes== '''5 Warld Championships wan''': <br />Valentino Rossi in 2004, 2005, 2008 an 2009 <br />Jorge Lorenzo in 2010 '''62 races won''': <br />2002 Biaggi 2 <br />2004 Rossi 9 <br />2005 Rossi 11 <br />2006 Rossi 5 <br />2007 Rossi 4 <br />2008 Rossi 9, Lorenzo 1 <br />2009 Rossi 6, Lorenzo 4 <br />2010 Lorenzo 9, Rossi 2 == Specifications == {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=2 | Yamaha YZR-M1 (2010) Specifications |- | colspan=2 | '''Ingine''' |- | Ingine type: | Liquid-cooled, in-line, 4-cylinder, 2-stroke wi 16-valve DOHC |- | Displacement: | 800 cc |- | Igneetion: | Magneti Marelli wi adjustable mapping - NGK spark plugs |- | Fuel Seestem: | Fuel injection |- | Lubrication seestem: | Wet sump - Motul Oils |- | Data recordin: | 2D |- | Maximum pouer: | Aroond 147&nbsp;kW ''(200 bhp)'' |- | Maximum speed: | In excess o 360&nbsp;km/h ''(220.1mph)'' |- | colspan=2 | '''Transmission''' |- | Type: | 6-speed cassette-teep gearbox, wi alternative gear ratios available |- | Primary drive: | Gear |- | Clutch: | Dry multi-plate slipper clutch |- | Feenal drive: | Chain |- | colspan=2 | '''Chassis an running gear''' |- | Frame type: | Twin-tube aluminium delta box frame, multi-adjustable steering geometry, wheelbase, ride heicht, wi aluminium swingarm |- | Front suspension: | Fully-adjustable Öhlins inverted telescopic forks |- | Rear suspension: | Braced aluminium swingarm wi single Öhlins shock an rising-rate linkage |- | Front/rear wheels: | 16.5&nbsp;inch front, 16.5&nbsp;inch rear, available in a variety o rim widths |- | Front/rear tyres: | Bridgestone slicks, intermediates, wets or haund-cut tyres. 16.5&nbsp;inch front, 16.5&nbsp;inch rear |- | Front brake: | Twin 320&nbsp;mm carbon discs wi radial mounted fower-piston Brembo calipers |- | Rear Brake: | Single 220&nbsp;mm ventilated stainless steel disc wi twin-piston Brembo caliper |- | Wicht: | 148&nbsp;kg, in accordance wi FIM regulations |- | Fuel capacity: | 21 litres, in accordance wi FIM regulations |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.yamaha-racing.com/Racing/motogp/bike/index.jsp The current YZR-M1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520120715/http://www.yamaha-racing.com/Racing/motogp/bike/index.jsp |date=2008-05-20 }} * [http://www.motorcycledaily.com/27february02yamahamotogp Yamaha Explains Uise o Carburettors on M1] * [http://www.motorcycledaily.com/2001/09/06sept01yamaha2002m1gpracer/ Yamaha Spills the Beans on YZR-M1 GP Racer] {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Yamaha motorcycles|YZR-M1]] etk595mtpl5g1z6jnh9dttxzljswosv 0 12292 923748 923472 2026-09-29T18:16:20Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|32|-6|scale:5000000_type:country_region:MA|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Kinrick o Morocco |common_name = Morocco |native_name ={{unbulleted list|{{native name|ber|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|italics=off}}|{{native name|ar|المملكة المغربية|italics=off}}}} |image_flag = Flag of Morocco.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Morocco.svg |national_motto = <div style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.5em;">{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|لله، الوطن، الملك&nbsp;}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>''{{transl|ar|Allah, Al Watan, Al Malik}}''</div>''{{native phrase|ber|ⴰⴽⵓⵛ, ⴰⵎⵓⵔ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ}}''</div><br/>{{small|"God, Hameland, Keeng"}} |national_anthem = <br/>{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|النشيد الوطني المغربي&nbsp;}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>{{native phrase|ber|{{lower|0.1em|ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ&nbsp;}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>{{small|''[[Cherifian Anthem]]''}}<br />{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Morocco.ogg]]}} |image_map = Morocco WS-included (orthographic projection).svg |map_caption = |capital = [[Rabat]] |coordinates = {{Coord|34|02|N|6|51|W|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Casablanca]]<br>{{small|{{coord|33|32|N|7|35|W|display=inline}}}} |official_languages = {{hlist |[[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] |[[Standard Moroccan Berber|Berber]]}} |languages_type = Native laeids |languages = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Moroccan dialect|Moroccan Arabic]]|[[Berber leids|Berber]]|[[Hassaniya Arabic]]|}} |languages2_type = Ither leids |languages2 = [[French leid|French]]<ref group="Notes" name="French">[[French leid|French]] is an aa uised in offeecial govrenment documents an bi the business commonty, awtho it haes na offeecial status: "French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)..." [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210041/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html |date=2007-06-12 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html%20 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218111131/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html |archive-date=2018-12-18 |url-status=dead}} – See [[French leid in Morocco]] for forder information</ref> |ethnic_groups = <!--The following is sourced (see ethnic_groups_year above), so please do not change it without also replacing that source:-->{{ublist|Arab-Berber 99%|other 1%}} |ethnic_groups_year = 2014{{lower|0.2em|<ref name=CIA>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html |title=Morocco |work=World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=2010-10-10 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226055346/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} |demonym = [[Moroccan fowk|Moroccan]] |government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]]<br/>{{raise|0.25em|[[constitutional monarchy]]<ref name="Const1">{{cite web |url=http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/2298ADD6-703C-471E-B924-A5E4F396FEA2/0/Texteint%C3%A9gralduprojetdenouvelleConstitution.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518075239/http://www.maroc.ma/NR/rdonlyres/2298ADD6-703C-471E-B924-A5E4F396FEA2/0/Texteint%C3%A9gralduprojetdenouvelleConstitution.pdf |archivedate=18 May 2012 |title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, I-1 |format=PDF |accessdate=9 January 2013}}</ref>}} |leader_title1 = [[Keeng o Morocco|Keeng]] |leader_name1 = [[Mohammed VI o Morocco|Mohammed VI]] (محمد السادس, ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ) |leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Morocco|Prime Meenister]] |leader_name2 = [[Aziz Akhannouch]] (عزيز أخنوش, ⵄⴰⵣⵉⵣ ⴰⵅⵏⵓⵛ) |legislature = [[Pairlament o Morocco|Pairlament]] |upper_house = [[Hoose o Cooncillors (Morocco)|Hoose o Cooncillors]] |lower_house = {{nowrap|[[Hoose o Representatives (Morocco)|Hoose o Representatives]]}} |sovereignty_type = [[History o Morocco|Moroccan stateheid]] |established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Idrisid dynasty]] {{small|(first)}}}} |established_date1 = 789 |established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Alaouite dynasty]] {{small|(current)}}}} |established_date2 = 1666 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[History o Morocco#European influence|Pertectorate established]]}} |established_date3 = 30 March 1912 |established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[History o Morocco#Independent Morocco: syne 1956|Unthirldom]]}} |established_date4 = 7 April 1956 |area_km2 = 710,850 |area_footnote = {{nowrap|<br/>{{raise|0.15em|or 446,550 km{{sup|2}}{{ref label|Territory|b|}}}}}} |area_rank = 40t or 58t |area_sq_mi = 274,460 sq mi<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->{{nowrap|<br/>{{raise|0.15em|or 172,413 {{ref label|Territory|b|}}}}}} |percent_water = {{nowrap|0.056 {{small|(250 km{{sup|2}})}}}} |population_census = 33,848,242<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hcp.ma/Note-sur-les-premiers-resultats-du-Recensement-General-de-la-Population-et-de-l-Habitat-2014_a1516.html |title=Note sur les premiers résultats du Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat 2014 |year=2015 |publisher=[[Haut Commissariat au Plan|HCP]] |accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref> |population_census_year = 1 September 2014 |population_density_km2 = 73.1 |population_density_sq_mi = 189.3 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP = $274.53&nbsp;billion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-PPP-based|title=Morocco – GDP (PPP based)|work=Knoema}}</ref> <!--Do not edit!--> |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,194<ref>{{cite web|url=http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita-PPP-based|title=Morocco – GDP per capita (PPP based)|work=Knoema}}</ref> <!--Do not edit!--> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $103.08&nbsp;billion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP|title=Morocco – GDP|work=Knoema}}</ref> <!--Do not edit!--> |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,077<ref>{{cite web|url=http://knoema.com/atlas/Morocco/GDP-per-capita|title=Morocco – GDP per capita|work=Knoema}}</ref><!--Do not edit!--> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini = 40.9 <!--number only--> |Gini_year = 2007 |Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/|title=World Bank GINI index}}</ref> |HDI = 0.628 <!--number only--> |HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |year=2015 |accessdate=15 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> |HDI_rank = 126t |currency = [[Moroccan dirham]] |currency_code = MAD |time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]<ref>[http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=395 L'horaire d'été (GMT+1) maintenu jusqu'au 27 octobre 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202002138/http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=395 |date=2017-02-02 }}, Ministère de la Fonction Publique et de la Modernisation de l'Administration. Retrieved 20 January 2017.</ref> |utc_offset = &#8203;<!--NOTE: Please do not remove. This is a blank character entity so that the infobox displays "UTC" without a specified offset.--> |utc_offset_DST = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]+1 |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+212]] |cctld = [[.ma]] |footnote_a = {{note|Offeecial releegion}} [[State releegion|Offeecial releegion]]. |footnote_b = {{note|Territory}} The area {{convert|446550|km2|abbr=on}} excludes aw disputit territories, while {{convert|710850|km2|abbr=on}} includes the Moroccan-admeenistered pairts o [[Wastren Sahara]] (claimed as the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] bi the [[Polisario Front]]). |religion = [[Sunni Islam]]{{ref label|Offeecial releegion|a|}} (offeecial)<ref>{{cite web|title=Morocco in CIA World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html|website=CIA.gov|access-date=2010-10-10|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226055346/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html%20|url-status=dead}}</ref> |area_magnitude = 1_E10 |population_rank = }} [[File:Las 12 regiones de Marruecos (por capital).png|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Morocco''' ({{lang-ar|المغرب}}, ''al-Maġrib'', {{IPA-ar|al.maɣrib|}}; Moroccan Arabic: المغرب, ''el-Maġrib''; {{lang-ber|ⵍⵎⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}, {{lang|ber|ⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ}}; {{lang-fr|Maroc}}), offeecially the '''Kinrick o Morocco'''<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html#Govt Conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco - Conventional short form: Morocco - Local lang form: al-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyya - Local cutty form: al-Maġrib] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210041/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html#Govt |date=2007-06-12 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html%20 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218111131/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html |archive-date=2018-12-18 |url-status=dead}} - CIA World Factbook</ref> ({{lang-ar|المملكة المغربية|link=no}}, ''al-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyya'', {{IPA-ar|al.mamlaka l.maɣribijja|}}), is a kintra locatit in [[North Africae]]. It haes a population o nearly 32 million an an aurie o 710,850&nbsp;km², includin the disputit [[Wastren Sahara]] which is mainly unner Moroccan admeenistration. Morocco haes a coast on the [[Atlantic Ocean]] that reaches past the [[Strait o Gibraltar]] intae the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. It is bordered bi [[Spain]] tae the north (a watter mairch throu the Strait an land borders wi three smaw Spaingie-controlled [[exclaves]], [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]], an [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]]), [[Algerie]] tae the east, ane [[Mauritanie]] tae the sooth.<ref name="border">Pending resolution o the [[Wastren Sahara conflict]].</ref> Morocco is a [[de jure]] [[constitutional monarchy]] wi an electit parliament. The [[Leet o rulers o Morocco|Keeng o Morocco]] holds vast executive pouers, includin dissolvin parliament at will. [[Executive pouer]] is exercised bi the [[Moroccan govrenment|govrenment]] an bi the king as well. [[Legislative pouer]] is vestit in baith the govrenment an the twa chambers o parliament, the [[Assembly o Representatives o Morocco|Assembly o Representatives]] an the [[Assembly o Councillors]]. The king can an aa issue decrees cawed [[dahir]]s which hae the force o law. [[Elections in Morocco|Parliamentary elections]] wur held in Morocco on 7 September 2007, an wur considered bi some neutral observers tae be maistly free an fair; awtho voter turnout wis estimatit tae be 37%, the lawest in decades. The politeecal caipital is [[Rabat]], an the lairgest ceety is [[Casablanca]]; ither lairge ceeties include [[Zagora]], [[Marrakech]], [[Fes]], [[Salé]], [[Agadir]], [[Tangier]], [[Meknes]], [[Oujda]] an [[Tetouan]]. Morocco haes a rich [[Cultur o Morocco|cultur]] an [[history o Morocco|civilization]], which remained mainly indigenous throughoot times an the [[Cuisine o Morocco|Moroccan cuisine]] haes lang been considered as ane o the maist diversified cuisines in the warld. The population is almaist entirely [[Arab]]-[[Berber fowk|Berber]]. Awtho [[Arabic leid|Arabic]] is the majority leid,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morocco.com/culture/language/|accessdate=September 16, 2010|title=Morocco's Cuture}}</ref> modern studies show that the [[Arabization]] process in Morocco wis maistly linguistic. The Moroccans or Moroccan Arabs, ar a lairgely homogenous group speakin [[Moroccan Arabic]], awtho regional variation daes occur. The [[Berber fowk]] in Morocco can be dividit in three main groups wi different dialects: the [[Riffians]], the [[Chleuh]] an the Central Atlas indwallers. == History == {{Main|History o Morocco}} The earliest well-kent Moroccan unthirlt state wis the [[Mauretanie|Berber kinrick o Mauretanie]] unner keeng [[Bocchus I]]. This Berber Kinrick o Mauretanie (current northren Morocco) dates at least tae 110 BC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/70880/Bocchus-I|accessdate=September 27, 2010|title=Bocchus I}}</ref> [[Umayyad]] Arabs conquered the region in the 7t century, bringin thair leid, thair seestem o govrenment, an Islam, tae which mony o the Berbers slowly convertit, maistly efter the Arab rule recedit. In the Islamic era the first Moroccan Muslim state, independent frae the [[Arab Empire]], wis The [[Kinrick o Nekor]], an emirate in the [[Rif Muntains|Rif aurie]]. It wis foondit bi an immigrant frae [[Yemen]], [[Salih I ibn Mansur]] in 710 AD, as a client state tae [[Rashidun Caliphate|Caliphal grant]]. [[Idris I]] fled tae Morocco frae the Abbasids' massacre against his tribe in Iraq an managed tae convince the Awraba Berber tribes tae break allegiance tae the distant Abbasid caliphs in [[Baghdad]]. He foondit the [[Idrisid Dynasty]] in 780 AD. Morocco became later a centre o [[University o Al-Karaouine|learnin]] an a major pouer. Frae the 20t century onwards, a series o pouerful Bakker dynasties arose. Unner the [[Almoravid dynasty]] an the [[Almohad dynasty]], Morocco dominatit the [[Maghreb]], Muslim Spain, an the wastren Mediterranean region. In the 13t century the [[Merinids]] gained pouer ower Morocco an strove tae replicate the successes o the [[Almohads]]. In the 15t century the [[Reconquista]] endit Islamic rule in [[Iberie]] an mony [[Muslims]] an [[History o the Jews in Morocco|Jews]] fled tae Morocco. Unner the [[Saadi Dynasty]], the first Moroccan dynasty initiatit bi ethnic Arabs synee the Idrisids, the kintra wad consolidate pouer an fecht aff [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] invaders, as in the [[battle o Ksar el Kebir]]. The reign o [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] brocht new wealth an prestige tae the Sultanate, an a massive Moroccan invasion o the [[Songhay Empire]] wis initiatit. Housomeivver, managin the territories athort the [[Sahara]] proved too difficult. Efter the daith o al-Mansur the kintra wis dividit amang his sons. In 1666 the sultanate wis reunitit bi the Alaouite dynasty, who hae syne been the rulin hoose in Morocco. The organisation o the state developed wi [[Ismail Ibn Sharif]]. Wi his [[Black Guard]] he drove the [[Breetish Empire|Breetish]] frae Tangier (1684) an the [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]] frae [[Larache]] (1689). In 1912, efter the [[First Moroccan Crisis]] an the [[Agadir Crisis]], the [[Treaty o Fez]] wis signed, effectively dividin Morocco intae a [[French Morocco|French]] an [[Spaingie Morocco|Spaingie protectorate]]. In 1956, efter 44 year o occupation, Morocco regained unthirldom frae Fraunce an Spain as the "Kinrick o Morocco". === Population o Morocco === The aurie o present day Morocco haes been inhabitit syne [[Neolithic|Neolithic times]] (at least syne 2000 BC, as attestit bi signs o the [[Capsian cultur]]), a period when the [[Maghreb]] wis less arid than it is the day. In [[Mesolithic]] ages the geography o Morocco resembled a [[savanna]] mair nor the present day arid landscape.<ref>D. Rubella, ''Environmentalism and Pi Paleolithic economies in the Maghreb (ca. 20,000 to 5000 B.P.)'', in, J.D. Clark & S.A. Brandt (eds.), ''From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa'', Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 41-56</ref> In the classical period, Morocco wis kent as [[Mauretanie]], awtho this shoud nae be ramfeeselt wi the modren-day kintra o [[Mauritanie]]. Modren DNA analysis (see link) haes confirmed that various populations hae contributit tae the present-day gene pool o Morocco in addition tae the main modern group which is the Amazighs/[[Berber fowk|Berbers]]. Those ither various populations are [[Arab]]s, [[Iberians]], [[Phoenicie|Phoenicians]], [[Sephardic]] [[Jew]]s an [[sub-Sahara]]n [[Africae|Africans]]. A smaw [[Moroccan Jews|Jewish community]] lived in Morocco afore the creation o [[Israel]], numberin approximately 265,000 in 1948, awtho atween 7,000 an 12,000 live thare nou (maistly in few major ceeties). A caw made bi late king [[Hassan II o Morocco|Hassan II]] for Jews tae return tae Morocco wis no answered. == Notes == <references group="Notes"/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Kintras in Africae]] [[Category:Morocco| ]] [[Category:Arabic-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Member states o the Arab League]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Atlantic Ocean]] [[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Current monarchies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1956]] [[Category:Member states o the Union for the Mediterranean]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] {{Stub/NAfricae}} 33ugtcworkbv7lokz2x9igjh1kdft8v 0 12328 923801 923576 2026-09-30T06:27:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923801 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Yamaha DT-1 250.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Yamaha DT-1]] The '''Yamaha DT''' is a series o [[mopeds]] an [[motorcycle]]s produced bi the [[Yamaha Motor Company]]. Models in the DT series feature an [[ingine displacement]] o 50 tae 400 cc (3.1 tae 24 cu in). The first DT model, the '''DT-1''', wis released in 1968 an quickly sold through its initial 12,000 production run.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorcycleclassics.com/2008-05-01/Motorcycle-Reviews/Yamaha-DT-1-First-Into-The-Dirt.aspx|title=Yamaha DT-1|publisher=Motorcycle Classics|accessdate=2009-08-07|date=May/June 2008|author=Sean Ross|archive-date=2009-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704114336/http://www.motorcycleclassics.com/2008-05-01/Motorcycle-Reviews/Yamaha-DT-1-First-Into-The-Dirt.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The DT series wis creatit bi Yamaha in the late 1960s when the Unitit States motorcycle market wis doun. Market research bi Yamaha indicatit that, despite slow motorcycle sales, there wis a lairgely untapped market for off-road motorcycles. At the time, anerlie a few specialty European manufacturers such as [[Bultaco]] an [[Husqvarna]] made motorcycles specifically for off-road uise. Instead, mony awners purchased road motorcycles an modified them for off-road uise, typically bi raisin the [[muffler]]. Such modifications wur commonly kent as creatin [[scrambler (motorcycle)|scrambler]]s. The first DT model, the DT-1, wis released in late [[1967]] an quickly sold oot.<ref>Yamaha Motor Company, "[http://www.yamaha-motor.co.jp/global/product-history/mc/1960/dt-1/index.html Motorcycle Development History: DT-1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810233231/http://www.yamaha-motor.co.jp/global/product-history/mc/1960/dt-1/index.html |date=2008-08-10 }}."</ref> The DT series, an the DT-1 in particular, hae been creditit wi inventin the [[trail bike]] category o motorcycle.<ref>"[http://www.yamaha-motor.com/corporate/foundinghistory.aspx Paving the Road to Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807134641/http://yamaha-motor.com/corporate/foundingHistory.aspx |date=2013-08-07 }} {{Cite web |url=http://yamaha-motor.com/corporate/foundingHistory.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807134641/http://yamaha-motor.com/corporate/foundingHistory.aspx |archive-date=2013-08-07 |url-status=bot: unknown}}," 2008.</ref> == Models in the DT Series == * DT-1 *[[Yamaha DT50LC|DT50LC]] *[[Yamaha DT50M|DT50M]] *[[Yamaha DT50MX|DT50MX]] *[[Yamaha DT50R|DT50R]] *[[Yamaha DT50X|DT50X]] *[[Yamaha DT80MX|DT80MX]] *[[Yamaha DT80LC|DT80LC]] *[[Yamaha DT80R|DT80R]] *[[Yamaha DT100MX|DT100MX]] *[[Yamaha DT100R|DT100R]] *[[Yamaha DT125|DT125]] *[[Yamaha DT125LC|DT125LC]] *[[Yamaha DT125MX|DT125MX]] *[[Yamaha DT125R|DT125R]] *[[Yamaha DT125X|DT125X]] *[[Yamaha DT175MX|DT175MX]] *[[Yamaha DT200R|DT200R]] *[[Yamaha DT250MX|DT250MX]] *[[Yamaha DT250R|DT250R]] *[[Yamaha DT350LC|DT350LC]] *[[Yamaha DT350R|DT350R]] *[[Yamaha DT400B|DT400B]] ==References== {{reflist}} <!-- == External links == --> <!--========================({{No More Links}})============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA | | IS NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS NOR SHOULD IT BE USED FOR ADVERTISING. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | =======================({{No More Links}})=============================--> {{Yamaha motorcycles}} {{Yamaha motorcycles timeline 50s}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Yamaha motorcycles|DT]] 0g1takx86hu3peghrqm3vpcd71fdv92 0 12810 923788 923545 2026-09-30T03:20:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name = Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo |image = Teodoro Obiang detail, 1650FRP051.jpg |office = 2nt [[Leet o heids o state o Equatorial Guinea|Preses o Equatorial Guinea]] |primeminister = [[Cristino Seriche Bioko]]<br>[[Silvestre Siale Bileka]]<br>[[Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan]]<br>[[Cándido Muatetema Rivas]]<br>[[Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó]]<br>[[Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea]]<br>[[Ignacio Milam Tang]]<br>[[Vicente Ehate Tomi]] |term_start = 3 August 1979 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Francisco Macías Nguema]] |successor = |office1 = [[Chairperson o the African Union]] |term_start1 = 31 Januar 2011 |term_end1 = 29 Januar 2012 |predecessor1 = [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] |successor1 = [[Yayi Boni]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|6|5|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Acoacán]], [[Spanish Guinea]]<br><small>(nou [[Equatorial Guinea]])</small> |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Democratic Pairty o Equatorial Guinea|Democratic Pairty]] |spouse = Constancia Mangue |children = [[Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue|Teodoro]] |religion = [[Roman Catholicism]] }} '''Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo''' (born 5 Juin 1942) is the [[Preses o Equatorial Guinea]], haein served syne 1979. ==Early life== Born intae the Esangui clan in [[Acoacán]], Obiang jynt the military durin the colonial period, an attendit the [[General Military Academy o Zaragoza|Military Academy]] in [[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]]. He achieved the rank o lieutenant upon the election o [[Francisco Macías Nguema]]. Unner Macías, Obiang held various jobs, includin governor o [[Bioko]], heid o the [[Black Beach Prison]], an leader o the [[Military o Equatorial Guinea|Naitional Guard]]. == Presidency == He deposed [[Francisco Macías Nguema|Francisco Macías]] on 3 August 1979 in a bloody [[coup d'état]]. Macías wis placed on trial for his activities ower the previous decade an sentenced tae daith. His activities heid includit the [[genocide]] o the [[Bubi fowk|Bubi]]. He wis executit on 29 September 1979 bi firin squad.<ref>"When Macias wis duly sentenced tae daith 101 times, a new Moroccan presidential guard haed tae form the firin squad, because local soldiers feared his allegit magical pouers." Bloomfield, Steve (13 May 2007) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081219113546/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/teodoro-obiang-nguema-a-brutal-bizarre-jailer-448575.html "Teodoro Obiang Nguema: A brutal, bizarre jailer"] ''The Indepedndent'', last accessed 21 October 2010</ref> Obiang declared that the new government wad mak a fresh stairt frae the repressive measures taken bi Macías' admeenistration. He inheritit a kintra wi an empty treasury an a population that haed dropt tae a third o its 1968 level, wi aboot 50% o the umwhile 1.2 million indwallers haein moved aither tae Spain or tae neighborin African kintras, or bein murthert durin the dictatorship o Obiang's predecessor. He formally assumed the presidency in October 1979.<ref>http://www.dictatorofthemonth.com/Obiang/Mar2005ObiangEN.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726143535/http://www.dictatorofthemonth.com/Obiang/Mar2005ObiangEN.htm |date=2010-07-26 }}</ref> A new [[constitution]] wis adoptit in 1982; at the same time, Obiang wis electit tae a seiven-year term as [[preses]]. He wis reelectit in 1989 as the ae candidate. Efter ither pairties wur permittit tae organize, he wis reelectit in 1996 an 2002 wi 98 per cent o the vote<ref>Bloomfield, Steve (13 May 2007) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081219113546/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/teodoro-obiang-nguema-a-brutal-bizarre-jailer-448575.html "Teodoro Obiang Nguema: A brutal, bizarre jailer"] ''The Indepedndent'', last accessed 21 October 2010</ref> in elections condemned as fraudulent bi internaitional observers.<ref>United States Central Intelligence Agency (2009) ''CIA World Factbook 2010'' Skyhorse Pub Co Inc., New York, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&pg=PA214 page 214], ISBN 978-1-60239-727-9</ref> Again in 2009 he wis electit wi 97% o the vote amid accusations o fraud an intimidation.<ref>Tran, Mark (30 November 2009) [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/30/president-equatorial-guinea-extends-rule "President Nguema of Equatorial Guinea on course to extend three-decade rule"] ''The Guardian'', last accessed 21 October 2010</ref> Obiang's regime retained clear [[authoritarian]] characteristics even efter ither pairties wur legalized in 1991. Maist domestic an interniational observers consider his regime tae be ane o the maist corrupt, [[Ethnocentrism|ethnocentric]], oppressive an undemocratic states in the warld. Equatorial Guinea is nou essentially a single-pairty state, dominatit bi Obiang's [[Democratic Pairty o Equatorial Guinea]] (PDGE). In 2008 American jurnalist [[Peter Maass]] cawed Obiang Africae's worst dictator, waur nor [[Robert Mugabe]] o [[Zimbabwe]].<ref name="Maass in Slate">{{cite news|last=Maass|first=Peter|authorlink=Peter Maass|title=Who's Africa's Worst Dictator?|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2193870/|publisher=[[The Washington Post Company]]|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=2008-06-24|accessdate=2008-06-30|quote=But Mugabe may no be Africae's worst. That prize arguably goes tae Teodoro Obiang, the ruler o Equatorial Guinea}}</ref> The constitution grants Obiang wide pouers, includin the pouer tae rule bi decree. Nanetheless, Obiang haes far less pouer than Macías, an for the maist pairt his rule haes been considerably milder. Notably, thare hae been nane o the atrocities that characterized the Macías era.^{<font colour="blue">Questioned</font>} Abuses unner Obiang hae includit "unlawful killins bi security forces; government-sanctioned kidnappings; seestematic torture o prisoners ad detainees bi security forces; life threatenin conditions in prisons an detention facilities; impunity; arbitrary arrest, detention, an incommunicado detention."<ref>United States State Department (25 February 2009) [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/118999.htm "2008 Human Rights Report: Equatorial Guinea"], archived at [http://www.freezepage.com/1287677008YSVRPSPIOB Freezepage]</ref> Aw but ane member o the 100-seat naitional parliament belang tae the PDGE or are aligned wi it. The opposition is severely hampered bi the lack o a free press as a vehicle for thair views. Aroond 90% o aw opposition politeecians live in exile, 550 anti-Obiang activists hae been jailed unfairly, an several killed syne 1979. In Julie 2003, state-operatit radio declared Obiang tae be a [[god]] who is "in permanent contact wi the Almighty" an "can decide tae kill athoot onyane cawin him tae accoont an athoot goin tae hell." He personally made seemilar comments in 1993. Despite thir comments, he still claims that he is a devout Catholic an wis invitit tae the Vatican bi [[John Paul II]] an again bi [[Benedict XVI]]. Macías haed an aa proclaimed himsel a god.<ref>{{cite news|title=Equatorial Guinea's 'God'|accessdate=2007-11-01|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2003-07-26|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3098007.stm}}</ref> Obiang haes encouraged his [[cult o personality]] bi ensuring that public speeches end in well-wishin for himsel rather than for the republic. Mony important buildings hae a presidential lodge, mony touns an ceeties hae streets commemoratin Obiang's coup against Macías as well as thare bein a penchant amang the population tae wear claes wi his face printit on them.<ref>Maass, Peter (2005) [http://motherjones.com/politics/2005/01/obiang-equatorial-guinea-oil-riggs "A Touch of Crude"] ''Mother Jones'' 30 (1):&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;48–89</ref><ref name="Silverstein">Silverstein, Ken (2010) [http://www.petroleumworld.com/sati10061901.htm "Saturday Lagniappe: UNESCO for Sale: Dictators allowed to buy their own prizes, for the right price"] ''Petroleumworld'', originally published by ''Harpers Magazine'', June 2, 2010, archived at [http://www.freezepage.com/1287676231QTNSPIRBQH Freezepage]</ref> Lik his predecessor an ither African dictators sic as [[Idi Amin]] an [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], Obiang haes assigned tae himsel several creative titles. Amang them are "gentleman o the great island o Bioko, Annobón an Río Muni."<ref>"In his address UNESCO’s annual meetin o governments on 30th October, 2007 the “Gentleman o the great island o Bioko, Annobón an Río Muni, El Jefe (the boss), “a god who is ‘in permanent contact wi the Almighty’” an “can decide tae kill athoot onyane cawin him tae accoont an athoot going tae hell” His Excellence, President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, ..." Kabanda (3 October 2010) [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/index.php?issue=14262&article=6879 "Money for good causes: does the source matter?"] ''Sunday Times'' (Rwanda), premium content that requires login, last accessed 21 October 2010</ref> He an aa refers tae hissel as ''El Jefe'' (the boss).<ref>Staff (28 September 2010) [http://news.za.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=154791786&page=3 "Africa's Worst Dictators: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823055030/http://news.za.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=154791786&page=3 |date=2011-08-23 }} {{Cite web |url=http://news.za.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=154791786&pag... |title=Archived copy |access-date=2026-09-30 |archive-url=http://www.freezepage.com/1287677237QLFEJNZVIL?url=http://news.za.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid%3D154791786%26page%3D3 |archive-date=2010-10-21 |url-status=dead}} ''MSN News'' (South Africa), archived at [http://www.freezepage.com/1287677237QLFEJNZVIL Freezepage]</ref> In seemilar fashion tae Idi Amin, Obiang haes purportedly alloued rumors that he is a [[cannibal]] tae circulate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1496535,00.html|title=Obiang 'will eat my testicles'|publisher=News24|accessdate=2007-11-01|date=2004-03-11|archive-date=2008-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604042458/http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1496535,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fictional rumors on [[cannibalism]] haed been uised for centuries amang the [[Beti-Pahuin|Fang fowk]] o Central an Wast Africae tae mak opponents fear them, o which Obiang is a descendant. Mony testimonies o umwhile residents o Equatorial Guinea, afore an durin the civil unrest, indicate that cannibalism haed been applee'd as a tuil o [[psychological warfare]]. [[Forbes magazine|''Forbes'' magazine]] haes said that he is ane o the [[Leet o heids o government an state bi net worth|wealthiest heids o state]], wi a net worth o 600 million dollars.<ref>{{Cite document|publisher=''Forbes''|url=http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/2006/05/04/rich-kings-dictators_cz_lk_0504royals.html|title=Fortunes Of Kings, Queens And Dictators|date=5 May 2006|postscript=<!--None-->|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061122070135/http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/2006/05/04/rich-kings-dictators_cz_lk_0504royals.html|archivedate=2006-11-22|journal=|access-date=2010-10-24|url-status=live}} and [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/03/cz_forbes_0522_royals_slide_8.html?thisSpeed=35000?forwardName=cz_forbes_0522_royals_slide part of a slideshow]</ref> Offeecial soorces hae complained that ''Forbes'' is wrongly coontin state property as personal property.<ref>Kroll, Luisa (15 May 2006) [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12635548/ 'Fortunes of kings, queens and dictators: A look at the world's wealthiest leaders"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104122814/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12635548/ |date=2012-11-04 }} ''Forbes'' on ''MSNBC.com'', last accessed 21 October 2010</ref>} In 2003, Obiang told his citizenry that he felt compelled tae tak full control o the naitional treasury in order tae prevent civil servants frae bein temptit tae engage in corrupt practices. Tae avoid this corruption, Obiang deposited mair nor hauf a billion dollars intae accoonts controlled bi Obiang an his faimily at [[Riggs Bank]] in Washington, D.C., leadin a U.S. federal court tae fine the bank $16 million.<ref>{{cite news|author=[[Ken Silverstein]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030206213146/http://www.latimes.com/|title=Oil Boom Enriches African Ruler: While the people of Equatorial Guinea live on a dollar a day, sources say their leader controls more than $300 million in a Washington bank|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|archivedate=2003-02-06|url=http://www.latimes.com/|access-date=2010-10-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> === Finances === Obiang haed a close relationship wi Washington DC-based [[Riggs Bank]]. He is said tae hae been welcomed bi tap Riggs officials, who held a luncheon in his honour.<ref name='WaPo 2004-07-17'>{{cite news | first=David | last=Montgomery | coauthors= Kathleen Day | title=Critics Say Allbritton Ruined Bank He Loved | date=2004-07-17 | publisher= | url =http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A56372-2004Jul16.html | work =[[Washington Post]] | pages = | accessdate = 2008-07-08 | language = }}</ref> (Publicity regarding this relationship wad later contribute tae the downfall o Riggs.<ref>Gurulé, Jimmy (2008) "Chapter 11: Private causes of action: using the civl justice system to hold terrorist financiers accountable" ''Unfunding terror: the legal response to the financing of global terrorism'' Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, England, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tYHi5qBaM7MC&pg=PA356 footnote 10, page 356], ISBN 978-1-84542-962-1</ref>) His son awns property throu his "Sweetwater Malibu LLC" at 3620 Sweetwater Road, Malibu, CA. This property haes the hichtest assessed property value in Malibu.<ref>Staff (11 August 2006) [http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/468/en/african_minister_buys_multi_million_dollar_califor "African Minister buys multi-million dollar California mansion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902222613/http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/468/en/african_minister_buys_multi_million_dollar_califor |date=2010-09-02 }} ''Global Witness''</ref> An airticle published in [[Forbes]] magazine suggestit Obiang haes gathered roughly $700m o the kintra's wealth in [[Unitit States|US]] bank accoonts.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2010/10/20101021155522938291.html</ref> == References == <references/> {{Commonscat|Teodoro Obiang}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Teodoro}} [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:Equatoguinean Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Leaders that teuk pouer bi coup]] [[Category:Preses o Equatorial Guinea]] [[Category:Democratic Pairty o Equatorial Guinea politeecians]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] 72gb2awm16tebvdlwycg3ak90izoeu0 0 13469 923792 923549 2026-09-30T03:42:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Dizember 2020}} {{Infobox settlement |name=Tiraspol |settlement_type=Municipality |image_skyline = Central street of Tiraspol.jpg ||image_caption = Central street o Tiraspol |image_shield = Tiraspol Coat-of-Arms.gif |shield_size = 70px |image_flag = Flagge der Tiraspol.png |flag_size = |pushpin_map=Moldova Transnistria |pushpin_map_caption=Location in Transnistrie |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Moldovae}} |subdivision_type1 = Republic |subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Transnistria}} [[Transnistrie|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]] ([[Transnistrie]]) |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |coordinates = {{coord|46|51|N|29|38|E|region:MD|display=inline}} |leader_name = [[Andrey Bezbabchenko]]<ref>{{in|en}} [http://mfa-pmr.org/index.php?newsid=1071 State Administrations of Cities and Regions of the PMR]</ref> |leader_title = Heid o the State Admeenistration o Tiraspol |population_as_of = 2013 |population_total = 135,700 |area_code = + 373 533 }} '''Tiraspol''' ({{IPA-all|tɪˈraspəl}}; [[Roushie leid|Roushie]]: Тирасполь an [[Ukrainian leid|Ukrainian]]: Тирасполь) forby kent as '''Tyraspol''', is the seicont lairgest ceety in [[Moldovae]] an is the caipital an administrative centre o the de facto independent [[Transnistrie|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]] ([[Transnistrie]]). The ceety is locatit on the eastren bank o the [[Dniester|Dniester River]]. Tiraspol is a regional hub o [[licht industry]], sic as furniture an electrical guids production. Tiraspol wis foondit bi the Roushie general [[Alexander Suvorov]] in 1792.<ref>[http://www.worldwindow.md/?lang=en&page=pridnestrovie About Transdniestra (Russian)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415161715/http://www.worldwindow.md/?lang=en |date=2008-04-15 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.worldwindow.md/?lang=en |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415161715/http://www.worldwindow.md/?lang=en |archive-date=2008-04-15 |url-status=dead}} World Window NGO. Retrieved 2006, 12-27</ref> The ceety celebrates its anniversary ivery year on October 14.<ref>[http://www.tiraspoltimes.com/node/276 Street fairs, celebrations mark Tiraspol's 214th birthday] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014842/http://www.tiraspoltimes.com/node/276 |date=2007-09-30 }} Tiraspol Times, Oct 14, 2006. Retrieved 2007, [[February 20|2-20]]</ref> ==Name== The [[toponym]] consists o twa wirds: Τύρας, ''[[Tyras]]'' — the [[ancient Greek]] name for the Dniester River, an ''[[polis]]'', i.e., a ceety. Tiraspol is translatit tae "rapid ceety". == History == [[File:Statue of Suvorov in Tiraspol.jpg|thumb|200px|Statue o [[Alexander Suvorov]] in Tiraspol]] [[File:Presidentiraspol.jpg|thumb|200px|Transnistria parliament building in Tiraspol. In front is a statue o [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]].]] ===Pre-history=== [[Tyras]], spelled ''Tiras'' an aw, wis a colony o the [[Greek]] ceety [[Miletus]], probably foondit aboot 600 BCE, situatit some 10&nbsp;km. frae the mooth o the Tiras River (Dniester). O nae great importance in early times in the 2nt century BCE, it fell unner the dominion o [[indigenous]] keengs whose names appear on its coins. It wis destroyed bi the [[Getae]] aboot 50 BCE. In CE 56 the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] restored the ceety an made it pairt o the colonial province o [[Lawer Moesie]]. A series o its coins exist that featur heids o Roman emperors frae [[Domitian]] ( ) tae [[Alexander Severus]] ( ). Suin efter the time o the latter, the ceety wis destroyed again, this time bi the invasion o the [[Goths]]. Its govrenment wis in the haunds o five [[archon]]s, a [[senate]], a popular assembly an a [[Civil registration|registrar]]. The images on its coins frae this period suggest a tred in wheat, wine an fish. The few inscriptions extant are maistly concerned wi tred. Sic ancient [[archeological]] remains are scanty, as the ceety site wis biggit ower bi the great [[medieval]] fortress o Monocastro or [[Akkerman]].<ref>See E. H. Minns, ''Scythians and Greeks'' (Cambridge, 1909); V. V. Latyshev, ''Inscriptiones Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini,'' vol. I.</ref> Durin the [[Middle Ages]], the aurie aroond Tiraspol wis a buffer zone atween the [[Tatars]] an the Moldavians, an inhabitit bi baith [[ethnic]] groups. ===Foondation=== The [[Roushie Empire]] conquered its wey tae the [[Dniester]] River, takin territory frae the [[Ottoman Empire]]. In 1792, the [[Military o Roushie|Roushie airmy]] biggit some fortifications tae guard the wastren mairch near a Moldavian veelage named [[Sucleie]]. Field Marshall [[Alexander Suvorov]] is considered the foonder o modren Tiraspol; his statue is ceety's maist distinctive laundmerk. The ceety wis named efter ''Tyras'', the [[Latin]] name o the Dniester River on which it wis biggit. In 1828 the Roushie govrenment established a customs hoose in Tiraspol tae try tae suppress [[smugglin]]. The customs hoose wis subordinatit tae the chief o the [[Odessa]] customs region. It began operations wi 14 employees. Thay inspectit shipments o breid, paper, ile, wine, succar, fruits an ither guids. ===20t century - Soviet Tiraspol=== Efter the Roushie Revolution, the [[Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] wis creatit in [[Ukraine]] in 1924, wi [[Balta, Ukraine|Balta]] as its caipital. The republic haed [[Romanie leid|Romanian]], [[Ukrainian leid|Ukrainian]] an [[Roushie leid|Roushie]] as its offeecial leids. Its caipital wis moved in 1929 tae Tiraspol, which remained the caipital o the Moldavian ASSR till 1940. In 1940, follaein the secret provisions o the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact]], the USSR forced Romanie tae cede Bessarabie. It integratit Tiraspol, till then pairt o the [[Ukrainian SSR]], intae the newly-formed [[Moldavian SSR]]. On August 7, 1941, follaein the [[Operation Barbarossa|Axis invasion o the Soviet Union]], the ceety wis taken ower bi [[Romanie durin Warld War II|Romanian troops]]. Durin the occupation, Tiraspol wis unner Romanian admeenistration. Durin that period amaist aw o its Jewish population perished: thay wur murthert in place or deportit tae German Nazi [[concentration camp]]s, whaur thay wur killed. In 1941 afore the occupation, the newspaper ''Dnestrovskaya pravda'' wis foondit bi the Tiraspol Ceety Cooncil o popular deputies. This is the auldest periodical publication in the region. On Aprile 12, 1944, the ceety wis retaken bi the [[Red Airmy]] an became again pairt o Moldavian SSR. <!-- This 46-year gap ought to be filled... eventually --> ===Efter independence=== On Januar 27, 1990, the ceetizens in Tiraspol passed a [[referendum]] declarin the ceety as an [[independence|independent territory]]. The nearbi ceety o [[Bender, Moldova|Bendery]] declared its independence frae [[Moldova]] an aw. As the [[Roushie leid|Roushie-speakin]] independence movement gained momentum, some local governments baundit thegither tae resist pressure frae the Moldovan govrenment for nationalization. On September 2, 1990, Tiraspol wis proclaimed the caipital o the new [[Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]]. The new republic wis no offeecially recognised bi Soviet authorities; housomeivver, it received support frae some important Soviet leaders, sic as [[Anatoly Lukyanov]]. Efter the dissolution o the Soviet Union, the territory east o the Dniester River declared independence as the [[Transnistrie|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]] (PMR), wi Tiraspol as its caipital. It wis no recognised bi the internaitional community. On Julie 1, 2005, the Lucian Blaga Lyceum, a hie schuil wi Romanian as its leid o instruction, wis registered as a Transnistrian non-governmental establishment. The registration o [[Moldovan schools in Transnistria|sax Romanian leid schools]] haes been the subject o negotiations wi the govrenment syne 2000. The tension increased in the simmer o 2004, when the Transnistrian authorities forcibly closed the schools that uised the [[Moldovan leid]] in the [[Laitin]] script. Accordin tae the offeecial [[PMR]] view, this is considered as [[Romanian leid|Romanian]]. Moldovan, written in the [[Cyrillic script]], is ane o the three offeecial leids in the PMR; Romanian is no. Some economic measures an counter-measures wur taken on baith banks o the Dniester. ==Climate== Tiraspol featurs a [[humid continental climate]] that closely borders an [[oceanic climate]]. Simmers are mild, wi average monthly temperaturs at aroond {{convert|21|°C|0|abbr=on}} in Julie an August. Winters are cauld, wi average temperaturs in the cauldest month (Januar) at {{convert|-2.7|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Preceepitation is relatively evenly spread throughoot the year, tho thare is a noticeable increase in monthly precipitation in Juin an Julie. Tiraspol on average sees nearly {{convert|500|mm|2|abbr=on}} o preceepitation per year. {{Weather box |location = Tiraspol |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = 0.7 |Feb high C = 2.3 |Mar high C = 7.8 |Apr high C = 16.5 |May high C = 22.5 |Jun high C = 25.8 |Jul high C = 27.4 |Aug high C = 27.3 |Sep high C = 23.0 |Oct high C = 16.1 |Nov high C = 8.6 |Dec high C = 3.3 |year high C = 15.1 |Jan low C = -6.1 |Feb low C = -4.3 |Mar low C = -0.7 |Apr low C = 5.1 |May low C = 10.3 |Jun low C = 13.8 |Jul low C = 15.5 |Aug low C = 14.7 |Sep low C = 10.3 |Oct low C = 5.3 |Nov low C = 1.3 |Dec low C = -2.8 |year low C = 5.2 |Jan precipitation mm = 33 |Feb precipitation mm = 35 |Mar precipitation mm = 28 |Apr precipitation mm = 35 |May precipitation mm = 52 |Jun precipitation mm = 72 |Jul precipitation mm = 63 |Aug precipitation mm = 49 |Sep precipitation mm = 38 |Oct precipitation mm = 26 |Nov precipitation mm = 36 |Dec precipitation mm = 38 |year precipitation mm = 495 |Jan precipitation days = 11 |Feb precipitation days = 11 |Mar precipitation days = 9 |Apr precipitation days = 10 |May precipitation days = 11 |Jun precipitation days = 11 |Jul precipitation days = 10 |Aug precipitation days = 7 |Sep precipitation days = 7 |Oct precipitation days = 7 |Nov precipitation days = 11 |Dec precipitation days = 11 |year precipitation days = 116 |source 1 = World Weather Information Service<ref name=eather1>{{cite web | url =http://www.worldweather.org/108/c01425.htm| title =Weather Information for Tiraspol | accessdate = 6 January 2008 | publisher =World Weather Information Service | language = }}</ref> |date=August 2010 }} ==Fowk an cultur== [[File:soviet tank in the center of Tiraspol.jpg|thumb|200px|Soviet tank monument in Tiraspol]] [[File:Calle Tiraspol.jpg|thumb|200px|2006: Bus in Tiraspol paintit in the colors o the banner]]===Demographics=== In 1989 the ceety haed a population o aboot 190,000 an in 1992 203,000. 41% wur [[Roushies]], 32% [[Ukrainians]] an 18% wur [[Moldovans]]. As result o the poleetical an economic situation that follaed the proclamation o the independent (unrecognized) [[Transnistrie|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]], as well as lairge Jewish emigration in the early 1990s, the population o the ceety fell belaw its 1989 nummer an the [[2004 Census in Transnistrie]] puts its current population at 158,069.<ref>[http://pridnestrovie.net/2004census.html 2004 Census: PMR urban, multilingual, multicultural] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318044749/http://pridnestrovie.net/2004census.html |date=2009-03-18 }}, fraePridnestrovie.net.</ref> ===Sport=== Thare are twa professional fitbaa clubs in Tiraspol, playin in the [[Divizia Naţională]], the tap Moldovan fitbaa league: [[FC Sheriff Tiraspol]] & [[FC Tiraspol]]. Sheriff are the maist successfu Moldovan fitbaa club o recent history, winnin ivery league title syne the 2000-2001 saison, an 6 [[Moldovan Cup]]s. A third club, [[CS Tiligul-Tiras Tiraspol]], athdrew frae competeetion prior tae the 2009-2010 saison. Tiraspol is hame tae the [[Sheriff Stadium]], the biggest seatit stadium in the region wi a capacity o 14,300. [[File:Sheriff stadium.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Sheriff Stadium]]]] ==Twin touns — Sister ceeties== {{dablink|See an aa: [[Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Moldovae]]}} Tiraspol is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi: *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Trondheim]], [[Norawa]], syne 2000<ref name="Trondheim">[http://www.trondheim.com/content.ap?thisId=93081934 Trondheims offisielle nettsted - Vennskapsbyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221223208/http://www.trondheim.com/content.ap?thisId=93081934 |date=2012-02-21 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|Germany}}[[Eilenburg]], Germany (2002)<ref name="Eilenburg">[http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/archiv/?dig=2005%2F04%2F09%2Fa0254 Article in the German newspaper taz]</ref> *{{flagicon|South Ossetia}}[[Tskhinvali]], Sooth Ossetia *{{flagicon|Russia}}[[Severodvinsk]], Roushie ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons|Tiraspol}} ===Non-Transnistrian links=== *{{pl icon}} [http://www.dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_XII/718 Tyraspol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223051922/http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_XII/718 |date=2012-02-23 }} (Tiraspol) in the [[Geographical Dictionary o the Kinrick o Poland]] (1892) *[http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/MDXX0005_f.html Current wather at Tiraspol frae Yahoo] *[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/journeys/feature/tiraspol06.cfm Airticle aboot travellin tae Tiraspol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061106205606/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/journeys/feature/tiraspol06.cfm |date=2006-11-06 }} at [[Lonely Planet]] *[http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&t=h&om=1&ll=46.85303,29.62326&spn=0.078772,0.161018 Tiraspol on Google Maps] *[http://www.nomer.org/tiraspol/ Tiraspol telephone directory] *[http://www.yellowpages.md/query_eng.asp?rgn=&town=tiraspol&street=&mode=4&imageField4.x=0&imageField4.y=0 Yellae pages o Tiraspol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220040438/http://www.yellowpages.md/query_eng.asp?rgn=&town=tiraspol&street=&mode=4&imageField4.x=0&imageField4.y=0 |date=2007-02-20 }} ===Transnistrian links=== *[http://www.visitpmr.com VisitPMR.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412160105/http://www.visitpmr.com/ |date=2010-04-12 }} ([[Politics o Transnistrie|govrenment]]-registered ([[ICDISS]]-funded) traivel information wabsteid) *[http://www.tiraspol.info Tiraspol.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031220180219/http://www.tiraspol.info/ |date=2003-12-20 }} (in Roushie) {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Ceeties in Transnistrie]] [[Category:Ceeties in Moldovae]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1792]] {{stub/Ceety}} 9iu9h418ols0z992413zzv4d53z0rv6 0 14541 923712 845248 2026-09-29T12:08:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox automobile | name = Isuzu Panther | image = ISUZU Hi-Lander.JPG | manufacturer = PT Isuzu Astra Indonesia Co., Ltd.<br>Isuzu Philippines, Corp. | aka = Isuzu AUV<!-- 2nd generation --> ([[Roushie]])<br/>Isuzu Crosswind/Hi-Lander Crosswind<br>Isuzu Sportivo<br>[[Chevrolet Tavera]] | production = 1991-present | assembly = [[Alabuğa]], [[Roushie]] ([[:de:Sollers-Isuzu|Sollers-Isuzu]])<br> [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesie]] ([[Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia|IAMI]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://car-cat.com/firm-1044.html |title=Isuzu. Isuzu In Indonesia |publisher=Car-cat.com |date= |accessdate=2010-07-25 |archive-date=2010-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215231851/http://car-cat.com/firm-1044.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br/>[[Biñan]], [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], [[Philippines]] ([[Isuzu Philippines|IPC]])<br>[[Halol]], [[Gujarat]], [[Indie]]<br> [[Selangor]], [[Malaysie]] | designer = | class = [[Compact caur]]<br>[[Multi-purpose vehicle|MPV]]<br>[[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]<br>[[Pickup truck]] | body_style = 5-door [[station wagon]]<br>2-door [[Pickup truck|pickup]] | platform = | related = [[Chevrolet Tavera]] | engine = 2.2&nbsp;L ''[[:en:List of Isuzu engines#C223|C223]]'' [[indirect injection]] [[Diesel ingine|Diesel]] [[Inline-fower ingine|I4]]<br>2.5&nbsp;L ''4JA-1'' [[fuel injection#Direct injection|DI]] [[Diesel ingine|Diesel]] [[Inline-fower ingine|I4]]<br>2.5&nbsp;L ''4JA-1'' DI law-pressur [[Turbochairger|turbo]] diesel I4 | transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] ''MSG5K'' <br> 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|auto]] ''AW03-72LE'' | wheelbase = {{convert|2680|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4692|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1771|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1873|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|2170|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | predecessor = | successor = [[Isuzu D-Max]] (for pickup) }} The '''Isuzu Panther''' is a [[multi-purpose vehicle]] an [[pickup truck]] manufactured in [[Indonesie]] for the Asie mercat bi [[Isuzu Motors]]. The model is suitit tae carryin lairge loads o passengers or cargo. It wis developed tae meet local conditions in terms o climate, roads an faimily structur as a durable vehicle. The Panther is an aa popular in the [[Philippines]], where it is kent as the '''Hi-Lander Crosswind''' an [[Vietnam]]. The Panther is an aa manufactured an mercatit in [[Indie]] unner the name [[Chevrolet Tavera]]. In the [[Philippines]], the Crosswind replacit the Hi-Lander in 2001, an wis gien a major redesign in early 2005 frae the "Hi-Lander Crosswind" tae juist "Crosswind" as well as "Sportivo". Minor facelifts wur gien in 2007 an 2009 tae the same format. It is nou in its seicont generation an still gainin popularity. It haes a new style which maks it simple yet an aa sporty tae leuk at. It is still pouered bi the 4JA-1 Diesel Ingine, but wis even better wi the option o a 81&nbsp;hp normally aspiratit version or an 85&nbsp;hp law-pressure turbochairged version. This third generation model is an aa equipped wi Isuzu‘s Flex Ride Suspension System which promotes a comfortable ride while maintainin composure, durability, an heich grund clearance. [[File:Isuzu Panther Pickup.jpg|thumb|left|Pickup version o Panther]] [[Image:Hi-lander.JPG|thumb|left|250px|1997 model o the Isuzu Panther.]] {{-}} ==References== <references/> ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.isuzu.co.jp/world/product/suv/panther.html Isuzu Panther] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522151020/http://www.isuzu.co.jp/world/product/suv/panther.html |date=2011-05-22 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101124080643/http://isuzu-astra.com/ Isuzu Indonesia] * [http://www.isuzuphil.com/vehicles/crosswind/index.htm Isuzu Crosswind] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227175103/http://www.isuzuphil.com/vehicles/crosswind/index.htm |date=2007-02-27 }} * [http://www.isuzu-vietnam.com/products.asp?prID=PRG099809871334F Isuzu Hi-Lander] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060415161315/http://www.isuzu-vietnam.com/products.asp?prID=PRG099809871334F |date=2006-04-15 }} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Isuzu vehicles|Panther]] [[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]] [[Category:Minivans]] [[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1991]] h3h9plg9xw6v7efnatrsyg0471cyytd 0 15062 923789 921747 2026-09-30T03:27:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|24|15|N|76|00|W|display=title}} {{Infobox kintra | conventional_long_name = Commonweel o the Bahamas | common_name = The Bahamas | image_flag = Flag of the Bahamas.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg | national_motto = "Forward, Upward, Onward, Together" | national_anthem = ''March On, Bahamaland''<br /><center>[[File:National anthem of the Bahamas.oga]]</center> | royal_anthem = ''[[God Save the Queen|God Save the King]]''<br /><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga|God Save the King]] | image_map = LocationBahamas.svg | capital = [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] | coordinates = {{Coord|25|4|N|77|20|W|type:city}} | largest_city = caipital | official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]<!---NOTE: Just English, don't add "Bahamian English"---> | regional_languages = [[Bahamian Creole]]{{ref label|bahfactobox|a|}} | ethnic_groups = 90.6% [[Afro-Bahamian|African]]<br />4.7% [[Demografics o the Bahamas#Ethnic groups|European]]<br />2.1% [[Multiracial|Mixed]]<br />1.9% ither<ref name="cia.gov">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html Bahamas, The] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402000413/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html |date=2010-04-02 }}. CIA World Factbook.</ref><ref name="statistics">[http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/095261300.pdf Bahamas Department of Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209035543/http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/095261300.pdf |date=2015-12-09 }}, PDF document retrieved 20 April 2014.</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2016 | demonym = [[Bahamians|Bahamian]] | government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentar]]<br />[[constitutional monarchy]]<ref name="A12">{{cite web |first= |last= |title=•GENERAL SITUATION AND TRENDS |work=[[Pan American Health Organization]] |url=http://www.paho.org/english/dd/ais/cp_044.htm |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=2014-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427030536/http://www1.paho.org/english/dd/ais/cp_044.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="A13">{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Mission to Long Island in the Bahamas |work=Evangelical Association of the Caribbean |url=http://www.caribbeanevangelical.org/newsevents/oldarticles.htm?id=82 |access-date=2018-02-09 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083539/http://www.caribbeanevangelical.org/newsevents/oldarticles.htm?id=82 |url-status=dead }}</ref><!--(end nowrap:)-->}} | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = {{nowrap|Govrenor-General}} | leader_name2 = Cornelius A. Smith | leader_title3 = Prime Meenister | leader_name3 = Philip Davis | legislature = [Pairlament | upper_house = Senate | lower_house = Hoose o Assemmly | sovereignty_type = [[Unthirldom]] | established_event1 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] | established_date1 = 10 Julie 1973<ref name="bbc_Bahamas">{{cite news |date=9 July 1973 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/9/newsid_2498000/2498835.stm |title=1973: Bahamas' sun sets on British Empire |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=1 May 2009 |last= |quote=}}</ref> | area_km2 = 13,878 | area_rank = 155th <!-- Should match the list it links to--> | area_sq_mi = 5358 <!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 28% | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Bahamas}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 351,461 | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 177t | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 25.21 | population_density_sq_mi = 63.5 <!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 181st | GDP_PPP = $9.374 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=313&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=73&pr.y=10 |title=The Bahamas |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,173<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $9.172 billion<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,630<ref name="imf2"/> | Gini = 57 | Gini_year = 2001 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="blcs">{{cite web |title=Bahamas Living Conditions Survey 2001 |url=http://www.centralbankbahamas.com/download/BLCS%202001%20poverty.pdf#page=4 |publisher=Department of Statistics |accessdate=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215603/http://www.centralbankbahamas.com/download/BLCS%202001%20poverty.pdf#page=4 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.790 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2014 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report Summary |date=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 55th | currency = Bahamian dollar (BSD)<br />{{smaller|([[Unitit States dollar|US dollars]] widely accepted)}} | country_code = BAH | time_zone = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]] | utc_offset = −5 | utc_offset_DST = −4 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]] | drives_on = caur | calling_code = [[Aurie code 242|+1 242]] | iso3166code = BS | cctld = .bs | footnote_a = {{note|bahoffbox}}An aa referred tae as ''Bahamian dialect'' or ''Bahamianese''<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BS/languages Ethnologue - Bahamas: Languages (18th ed.)]</ref> }} [[File:Districts of the Bahamas.png|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''The Bahamas''' ({{pron-en|ðə bəˈhɑːməz|En-us-Bahamas.ogg}}), offeecially the '''Commonweel o the Bahamas''', is a kintra consistin o 29 [[island]]s, 661 [[cay]]s, an 2,387 [[islet]]s (rocks).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Home - Office of the Prime Minister|url=https://opm.gov.bs/|access-date=2022-09-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cat Island, Bahamas|url=https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Collections/EarthObservatory/articles/Cat_Island_Bahamas.htm|access-date=2022-09-07|website=eol.jsc.nasa.gov}}</ref> It is locatit in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] north o [[Cuba]] an [[Hispaniola]] ([[Dominican Republic]] an [[Haiti]]), northwast o the [[Turks an Caicos Islands]], an sootheast o the [[Unitit States]] (nearest tae the state o [[Florida]]). Its total land aurie is 13,939 km2 (5,382 sq mi), wi an estimatit population o 330,000. Its caipital is [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola an the Turks an Caicos Islands; the designation o Bahamas refers normally tae the commonweel an no the geographic chain.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101219008|title=The Commonwealth yearbook.|publisher=Hanson Cooke Ltd for the Commonwealth Secretariat|others=Commonwealth Secretariat|isbn=978-1-908609-19-9|location=London|chapter=Bahamas: the country profile|oclc=1101219008}}</ref> == Gallarie == <gallery> File:Bahamas.A2001138.1550.250m.jpg|The Bahamas File:Bahamas Parliament.jpg File:COB New Northern Bahamas Campus.JPG File:Tommy Robinson National Stadium.jpg File:The Hermitage, Cat Island, Bahamas.jpg File:National Art Gallery of the Bahamas.agr.jpg File:Winslow Homer - After the Hurricane, Bahamas - Google Art Project.jpg File:Junkanoo Festival, Nassau 2.jpg|Junkanoo File:Port de freeport.jpg File:Hopetown-lighthouse.jpg File:Bat colony (Hatchet Bay Cave, Eleuthera Island, Bahamas) 1 (8318328798).jpg File:Frenchcloisters.jpg </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Bahamas}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bahamas}} [[Category:Bahamas| ]] [[Category:Kintras in the Caribbean]] [[Category:Island kintras]] [[Category:Airchipelagoes o the Atlantic Ocean]] [[Category:Members o the Commonweel o Naitions]] [[Category:CARICOM members]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1647]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1973]] {{Stub/Carib}} q846tyhfzpmnghzdja1ujrlx8o6uk5g 0 15901 923805 923586 2026-09-30T07:02:22Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name= Łódź<br>Lodz |motto= ''Ex navicula navis'' (''Frae a boat, a ship'') |image_skyline= {{Photomontage |color=#ffffff | photo1a = Manufaktura panorama Łódź.jpg | photo2a = Masa 2013 07.jpg | photo2b = Łódź - Pałac Izraela Poznańskiego.jpg | photo3a = SM_Willa_Światłowskiego_2017_(2_cropped).jpg | photo3b = Łódź Fabryczna, 2017 (cropped).jpg | photo4a = Łódź - Pałac Alfreda Biedermanna. - panoramio (2).jpg | spacing = 2 | border = 0 | size = 280 }} |imagesize= 250px |image_caption=<small>Left tae richt: [[Manufaktura]]{{•}}[[Julian Tuwim Monument, Łódź|Julian Tuwim Monument]] on [[Piotrkowska Street]]{{•}}[[Izrael Poznański Palace|Poznański Palace]]{{•}}[[Łódź Wooden Architecture Skansen|Wooden Architecture Skansen]] near the [[White Factory]]{{•}}[[Łódź Fabryczna railwey station]]{{•}}Winter in Helenów Park</small> |image_flag= POL Łódź flag.svg |image_shield= [[File:POL Łódź COA.svg|75px]] |pushpin_map= Poland |pushpin_label_position= bottom |pushpin_label = Łódź |subdivision_type= [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]] |subdivision_name= {{POL}} |subdivision_type1= [[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]] |subdivision_name1= [[Łódź Voivodeship|Łódź]] |subdivision_type2= [[Powiat|Coonty]] |subdivision_name2= ''ceety coonty'' |leader_title= Mayor |leader_name= [[Hanna Zdanowska]] |leader_party=[[Ceevic Platform|PO]] |established_title= Ceety Richts |established_date= 1423 |area_total_km2= 293.25 |population_as_of= 30.06.2017 |population_total= 693,797 |population_density_km2= auto |population_metro= 1100000 |timezone= [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset= +1 |timezone_DST= [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST= +2 |coordinates = {{coord|51|47|N|19|28|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}} |elevation_max_m = 278 |elevation_min_m = 162 |postal_code_type= Postal code |postal_code= 90-001 tae 94–413 |area_code= +48 42 |website= {{URL|http://www.uml.lodz.pl/}} |blank_name= [[Vehicle registration plates o Poland|Caur plates]] |blank_info= EL }} '''Łódź''' ({{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Łódź-3.ogg|ł|u|ć}} {{lang-yi|לאדזש}}, ''Lodzh'') is the third-lairgest ceety in [[Poland]]. Locatit in the central pairt o the kintra, it haed a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the caipital o [[Łódź Voivodeship]], an is approximately 135 kilometres (84&nbsp;mi) sooth-wast o [[Warsaw]]. The ceety's [[coat o airms]] is an example o [[cantin airms|cantin]]: depictin a boat, it alludes tae the ceety's name which translates literally as "boat". == Internaitional relations == {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Poland}} === Twin touns – sister ceeties === Łódź is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:<small><ref name="Łódź Tourism">''{{Cite web |url=http://en.www.uml.lodz.pl/index.php?str=2029 |title=Twin Cities |accessdate=23 Oct 2008 |work=The City of Łódź Office |publisher=[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|14px]] [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|border|10px]] {{fontcolor|Green|(in [[Inglis leid|{{fontcolor|Green|Inglis}}]] an [[Pols leid|{{fontcolor|Green|Pols}}]])}} [[copyright|©]] 2007 UMŁ |archive-date=2009-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009012259/http://en.www.uml.lodz.pl/index.php?str=2029 |url-status=dead }}''</ref></small> {| class="wikitable" |- | * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Chemnitz]], Germany <small>''(syne 1972)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Stuttgart]], Germany <small>''(syne 1988)''<ref>[http://stuttgart.de/sde/menu/frame/ns_top_11021_11041.htm Stuttgart official website, 23 Mar 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913203351/http://www.stuttgart.de/sde/menu/frame/ns_top_11021_11041.htm |date=2008-09-13 }}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], Fraunce <small>''(syne 1991)''<ref name="Partner">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1|title=''Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 Mairie de Lyon|accessdate=21 Oct 2008|archive-date=2009-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719003816/http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuanie]] <small>''(syne 1991)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Ivanovo]], Roushie <small>''(syne 1992)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Kaliningrad]], Roushie <small>''(syne 1992)''<ref name="Kaliningrad">{{Cite web|url=http://www.klgd.ru/en/search/index.php?q=partner+cities&where=|title=''Kaliningrad -Partner Cities''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2000–2006 Kaliningrad City Hall|accessdate=8 Dec 2008|archive-date=2008-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211114532/http://www.klgd.ru/en/search/index.php?q=partner+cities&where=|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Minsk]], [[Belaroushie]] <small>''(syne 1993)''<ref name="Minsk">{{Cite web|url=http://minsk.gov.by/cgi-bin/org_ps.pl?k_org=3604&mode=doc&doc=3604_2_a&lang=eng|title=''Twin towns of Minsk''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2008 The department of protocol and international relations of Minsk City Executive Committee|accessdate=8 Dec 2008|archive-date=2009-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830121424/http://minsk.gov.by/cgi-bin/org_ps.pl?k_org=3604&mode=doc&doc=3604_2_a&lang=eng|url-status=dead}}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], [[Ukraine]] <small>''(syne 1993)''</small> || || * {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv|Tel-Aviv]], [[Israel]] <small>''(syne 1994)''<ref name="twinning">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp |title=Tel Aviv sister cities |accessdate=19 Jan 2008 |publisher=Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality |language=he |archive-date=2009-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214183503/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|China}} [[Tianjin]], Fowkrepublic o Cheenae <small>''(syne 1994)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Georgia}} [[Rustavi]], [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgia]] <small>''(syne 1995)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Barreiro, Portugal|Barreiro]], Portugal <small>''(syne 1996)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Tampere]], Finland <small>''(syne 1996)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Mexico}} [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]], Mexico <small>''(syne 1997)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Murcia]], Spain <small>''(syne 1999)''</small> * {{Flagicon|Sweden}} [[Örebro]], Swaden <small>''(syne 2001)''<ref name="Vänorter">''Vänorter – http://www.ore {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727165113/http://www.orebro.se/2444.html |date=2009-07-27 }}bro.se/2444.html'' {{Cite web |url=http://www.orebro.se/2444.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727165113/http://www.orebro.se/2444.html |archive-date=2009-07-27 |url-status=dead}}:</ref></small> * {{Flagicon|Hungary}} [[Szeged]], [[Hungary]] <small>''(syne 2004)''</small> * {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], Argentina * {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], USA <small>''(syne 2010)''</small> |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lodz}} [[Category:Łódź| ]] [[Category:Ceety coonties o Poland]] [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Łódź Voivodeship]] {{Stub/Poland}} jltezdr9my17sd4wia4zzf4akz7zx97 0 16123 923778 923521 2026-09-30T00:34:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sayyid Qutb''' ({{IPA-ar|ˈsajjɪd ˈqʊtˤb}}) (an aa Said, Syed, Seyyid, Sayid, or Sayed; Koteb, Qutub, Kotb, or Kutb) ({{lang-ar|سيد قطب}}; October 9, 1906<ref>Some sources (e.g., U.S. Library of Congress) give 1903.</ref> – August 29, 1966) wis an [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] author, educator, [[Islamist]], [[poet]], an the leadin [[Islamic theologian]] o the [[Egyp]]tian [[Muslim Britherhuid]] in the 1950s an '60s. Author o 24 buiks, includin novels, literary airts’ critique, wirks on education, he is best kent in the Muslim warld for his wirk on wha he believed tae be the social an poleetical role o [[Islam]], particularly in his beuks ''Social Justice'' an ''[[Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq]]'' (''Milestones''). His [[Maisterpiece|magnum opus]], ''[[Fi Zilal al-Qur'an]]'' (''In the shade o the Qur'an''), is a 30-volume commentary on the Qur'an. Even though maist o his observations an criticism wur leveled at the Muslim warld, Qutb is an aa kent for his disapproval o the society an cultur o the [[Unitit States]]<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_jihad.html PBS program America at the crossroads] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314212338/http://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_jihad.html |date=2023-03-14 }}.</ref><ref name="A Lesson In Hate">David Von Drehle, [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/presence-feb06.html A Lesson In Hate] {{Webarchive|url=https://swap.stanford.edu/20090419041809/http%3A//www.smithsonianmag.com/history%2Darchaeology/presence%2Dfeb06.html |date=2009-04-19 }} ''Smithsonian Magazine''</ref> which he saw as obsessed wi materialism an violence.<ref name="beforeUS">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235927/http://www.disinfo.com/site/displayarticle8626.html 'Qutb: Between Terror And Tragedy' by Hisham Sabrin] quoting Hourani, A. ''Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age: 1798–1939.'' Cambridge University Press, 1962. and Mitchell, Richard S. ''The Society of The Muslim Brotherhood''. Oxford University Press, 1969.</ref> Views on Qutb vary widely. He haes been described bi supporters as a great [[airtist]] an [[Shahid|martyr for Islam]],<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/livedialogue/english/Browse.asp?hGuestID=3m245Q Interview with Dr Abdel Moneim Abul Fotouh – Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510151517/http://www.islamonline.net/livedialogue/english/Browse.asp?hGuestID=3m245Q |date=2008-05-10 }} May 8, 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islam101.com/history/people/century20/syedQutb.htm |title=Sayyid Qutb by Ahmed El-Kadi, MD |access-date=2011-03-10 |archive-date=2021-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926022903/http://www.islam101.com/history/people/century20/syedQutb.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> but bi mony Wastren observers as ane who shaped the ideas o [[Islamist]]s<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=_5bmzlNx1iAC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=qutb+bin+laden&source=bl&ots=spQA79Znrx&sig=RDC6ldywAI6OeQuhlnE40JW-wnU&hl=en&ei=jux6SrejBIaKMpOV5P0C&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9#v=onepage&q=qutb%20bin%20laden&f=false The Osama Bin Laden I Know By Peter L. Bergen] pp.18–20</ref> an particularly o terrorist groups such as [[Al Qaeda]]<ref name="Irwin">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/nov/01/afghanistan.terrorism3 Robert Irwin, "Is this the man who inspired Bin Laden?"] ''The Guardian'' (November 1, 2001).</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20031005151059/http://members.cox.net/slsturgi3/PhilosopherOfIslamicTerror.htm Paul Berman, "The Philosopher of Islamic Terror"], ''New York Times Magazine'' (March 23, 2003).</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/incl/Out-of-the-Shadows.pdf |title=Out of the Shadows: GETTING AHEAD OF PRISONER RADICALIZATION |access-date=2011-03-10 |archive-date=2013-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423144416/http://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/incl/Out-of-the-Shadows.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pwhce.org/evolutionofalqaeda.html |title=The Evolution of Al-Qaeda: Osama bin Laden and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi |access-date=2011-03-10 |archive-date=2022-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103022401/http://www.pwhce.org/evolutionofalqaeda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The day, his supporters are aften identified as [[Qutbism|Qutbists]]<ref>[http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |date=2007-06-09 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609120804/http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm |archive-date=2007-06-09 |url-status=dead}} by Dale C. Eikmeier. From ''[[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]]'', Spring 2007, pp. 85–98.</ref> or "Qutbi", though they dae no uise the term tae describe thairsels. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qutb, Sayyid}} [[Category:1906 births]] [[Category:1966 daiths]] [[Category:Muslim filosofers]] [[Category:Egyptian Islamists]] [[Category:Egyptian releegious leaders]] [[Category:Muslim activists]] [[Category:Greeley, Colorado]] [[Category:Islam an antisemitism]] [[Category:Executit activists]] [[Category:Muslim theologians]] [[Category:Fowk executit bi Egyp]] [[Category:Executit Egyptian fowk]] [[Category:20t-century executions]] [[Category:Fowk executit bi hangin]] [[Category:Muslim Britherheid leaders]] [[Category:Sex segregation]] 2j8yzxvvvwb1es614s6gr8l9g1cehbk 0 19471 923752 881237 2026-09-29T19:55:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |country= Ingland |official_name= Oakham |coordinates = {{coord|52.6705|-0.7333|display=inline,title}} | population = 9,975 | population_ref = ([[Unitit Kinrick Census 2001|2001 Census]]) |unitary_england= [[Rutland]] |lieutenancy_england= [[Rutland]] |region= East Midlands |constituency_westminster= [[Rutland an Melton (UK Parliament constituency)|Rutland an Melton]] |post_town= OAKHAM |postcode_area= LE |postcode_district= LE15 |dial_code= 01572 |os_grid_reference= SK857088 |london_distance= }} '''Oakham''' is the [[coonty toun]] o [[Rutland]], [[Ingland]]. It lies {{convert|17.4|mi|km|1}} east frae [[Leicester]], an haes a tot resident population o 9,975.<ref>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=791225&c=Oakham&d=16&e=15&g=394851&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 Neighbourhood Statistics<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008060715/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=791225&c=Oakham&d=16&e=15&g=394851&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 |date=2015-10-08 }}</ref> Oakham, which haes [[ceevil parishes in Ingland|ceevil parish]] status, lees tae the wast o [[Rutland Water]], ane o the lairgest man-made [[lake]]s in [[Europe]]. It is in the [[Vale o Catmose]] an the toun itsel is biggit on an incline, an varies frae 99m abuin sea level (Ladywell aurie) tae 122m abuin sea level (Brooke Schuil aurie). It is twinned wi [[Barmstedt|Barmstedt, Germany]], an [[Dodgeville, Wisconsin|Dodgeville, Wisconsin, U.S.A.]]. ==Govrenance== Local govrenance for Oakham is providit for bi the single-tier [[Unitary authority|unitary]] [[Rutland Coonty Cooncil|Rutland Coonty Cooncil Destrict Cooncil]], o which Oakham is the heidquarters. Lyin athin the [[Historic coonties o Ingland|historic coonty bundaries]] o [[Rutland]] frae a vera early time, frae 1974 til 1997, Oakham lay athin the [[non-metropolitan coonty]] o [[Leicestershire]]. Oakham, alang wi [[Melton Mowbray]] in [[Leicestershire]], an the rest o [[Rutland]], haes syne 1992 been representit at [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|Wastmeenster]] bi the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] [[Member o Parliament]] [[Alan Duncan]]. ==Landmarks== Tourist attractions in Oakham include '''Aw Saunts Kirk''' an '''Oakham Castle'''. Anither popular an historic featur is the open-air [[mercat]] held in the toun's mercat square ivery Wadensday an Seturday (near the auncient octagonal '''[[Buttercross]]''' wi its pyramidal ruif an widden [[stocks]], a grade I [[leetit biggin]]).<ref>{{cite web | title=Market Cross | work=Images of England | url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=186496 | accessdate=2006-10-01 | archive-date=2008-04-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421001302/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=186496 | url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Aw Saunts Kirk=== {{main|Aw Saunts' Kirk, Oakham}} The impressive spire o Oakham parish kirk, biggit durin the 14t century, dominates distant views o the toun for several miles in aw directions. Restored in 1857 tae 1858 bi [[Sir George Gilbert Scott]], the kirk is a grade I leetit biggin. ===Oakham Castle=== {{main|Oakham Castle}} [[Image:Oakham Castle and church spire.jpg|thumb|left|The great haw o Oakham Castle, wi the spire o Aw Saunts kirk ayont]] Anerlie the great haw o the [[Norman airchitectur|Norman]] [[castle]] is still staundin, an is surroondit bi steep earthwirks markin the [[Motte-an-bailey|inner bailey]]. The haw dates frae c.&nbsp;1180&mdash;90 an accordin tae [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] (in his ''The Buildings of England: Leicestershire and Rutland''): :"It is the earliest hall of any English castle surviving so completely, and it is doubly interesting in that it belonged not to a castle strictly speaking, but rather to a fortified manor house." The biggin is attractively ornamentit wi [[Romanesque airchitectur|Romanesque]] airchitectural details, includin sax carvins o muisickers. It is a grade I leetit biggin.<ref>{{cite web | title=Oakham "Castle" | work=Images of England | url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=186494 | accessdate=2006-10-01 | archive-date=2008-04-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421001255/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=186494 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The haw wis in uise as an [[Assize court]] till 1970 an is still occasionally uised as a [[Coroner|Coroner's court]] or [[Croun Court]]. It is an aa licensed for [[weddin]]s. The ooter bailey o the castle, still surroondit bi law earthwirks, lies tae the north o the castle. Kent as Cutts Close, it is nou a pairk wi a baundstaund, skatebuird aurie, flouerbeds an childer's play aurie. Some deep hollaes in the pairk are the remnants o the castle's dreed-up stew ponds (fishponds).<ref name="Oakham Castle">{{cite web | title=Oakham Castle | work=Rutland On Line | url=http://www.rutnet.co.uk//pp/Gold/viewGold.asp?id=824 | accessdate=2007-02-20 | archive-date=2007-03-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301001547/http://www.rutnet.co.uk/pp/Gold/viewGold.asp?id=824 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A [[Castle class corvette]] named {{ship|HMS|Oakham Castle|K530|6}} wis launched in Julie 1944.<ref>{{cite web | title=Castle Class Corvettes | work=Battleships-Cruisers | url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/castle_class_corvettes.htm | accessdate=2007-02-20}}</ref> {{clear}} ===Oakham's horseshoes=== [[Image:Oakham Castle Horseshoes.jpg|thumb|left|Ceremonial horseshoes in Oakham Castle]] Tradeetionally, members o [[Breetish ryal family|royalty]] an [[Peerage|peers o the realm]] who visitit or passed throu the toun haed tae pey a forfeit in the form o a [[horseshoe]]. This unique custom haes been enforced for ower 500 years, but nouadays it anerlie happens on special occasions (sic as Ryal visits), when an ootsize ceremonial horseshoe, specially made an decoratit, is hung in the great haw o the castle. Thare are nou ower 200 o thir commemorative shoes on its waws. No aw are datit an some o the earliest (which wad doubtless hae been ordinary horseshoes gien athoot ceremony bi exasperated noblemen) mey no hae survived. The earliest datable ane is an ootsize ensaumple commemoratin a veesit bi King [[Edward IV o Ingland|Edward IV]] in aboot 1470. The horseshoes hang upside-doun: while this is generally held tae be unlucky, in Rutland this wis thocht tae stap the [[Devil]] frae sittin in the hollae. The upside-doun horseshoe motif appears in the coonty council's arms (see tae the right), an on the local [[Ruddles Brewery|Ruddles beer]] labels. Recent horseshoes commemorate visits bi HRH [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]] (1999), HRH [[Charles, Prince o Wales|The Prince o Wales]] (2003) an HRH [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra, The Hon Lady Ogilvy]] (2005).<ref name="Oakham Castle"/> ===Rutland Coonty Museum=== {{main|Rutland Coonty Museum}} The museum is locatit in the auld Riding Schuil o the [[Rutland Yeomanry Cavalry|Rutland Fencible Cavalry]] which wis biggit in 1794-95.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rutland.gov.uk/museum |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-10-12 |archive-date=2011-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515002236/http://www.rutland.gov.uk/museum |url-status=dead }}</ref> The museum hooses a collection o objects relatin tae local rural an agricultural life, social history an airchaeology. ==Transport== [[Image:oakhamfront.jpg|right|thumb|[[Oakham railway station]] providin guid links tae Peterborough, Leicester, Birmingham an Stansted Airport.]] The [[Birmingham to Peterborough Line|Birmingham to Peterborough railway line]] runs throu the toun, providin links ae [[Birmingham]], [[Leicester]], [[Peterborough]] an [[Cambridge]]. [[Oakham railway station]] is poseetioned approximately haufwa atween [[Peterborough railway station]] an [[Leicester railway station]], at baith o which passengers can buird a train tae [[London]] - aither frae Leicester tae [[St Pancras railway station|London St Pancras]] or frae Peterborough tae [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]]. Thare are an aa twa direct services tae [[St Pancras railway station|London St Pancras]] (ane early fore-nuin an ane fore-nicht), an ane fore-nicht return service frae [[St Pancras railway station|Lunnon St Pancras]], each weekday. Thare are guid road links tae: *[[Leicester]] (25 mile), *[[Nottingham]] (29 mile), *[[Melton Mowbray]] (10 mile), *[[Uppingham]] (6 mile), *[[Corby]] (13 mile), *[[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]] (11 mile). The main route for travellers tae Leicester bi road is first sooth tae [[Uppingham]] an then wastward alang the [[A47 road|A47]]. Oakham is on the [[A606 road]] atween [[Melton Mowbray]] an [[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]]. On 10 Januar 2007, the A606 bypass opened divertin traffeck frae the toun centre. The [[Oakham Canal]] connectit the toun tae the [[Melton Mowbray Navigation]], the [[River Soar]] an the naitional waterweys seestem atween 1802 an 1847. == Education == [[Image:Oakham Buttercross.jpg|thumb|left| Oakham Buttercross, wi some biggins o Oakham Schuil ayont]] The toun is hame tae [[Oakham Schuil]], ane o the major Inglis [[Public schuil (UK)|public schuils]] which wis foondit, thegither wi [[Uppingham Schuil]], in 1584. The oreeginal schuil biggin survives, northeast o the kirk; athort its sooth front is the inscription ''Schola Latina – Graeca – Hebraica A<u>°</u> 1584'' an abuin its door is a stane wi an inscription in [[Laitin]], [[Greek leid|Greek]] an [[Ebreu]]. Oakham Schuil is an aa the current awner o Oakham's umwhile [[workhouse]]. Built in 1836-7 bi Oakham [[Poor Law]] Union, it served as a wirkhoose for 167 inmates, till it became [[Catmose Vale Hospital]]. It nou accommodates twa "day" (non-buirdin) Schuil Hooses for girls. The [[Catmose College]], foondit in 1920, is a specialist visual airts college. [[Rutland College]], umwhile Rutland Saxt Form College, lees on the ootskirts o the toun. == Sports an recreation == Oakham [[Rugby union|Rugby Fitbaa Club]] play at the [[Rutland]] Showground. An aa, Oakham Imps Football clubs trains on the Oakham Schuil astroturf adjacent tae the railwey an play thair matches at the [[Catmose College]] fitbaa pitches == Street map == [[Image:Oakham labelled.png|thumb|left|[[OpenStreetMap]] o Oakham]] {{clear}} == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Oakham Church perspective corrected.jpg|Aw Saunts Kirk frae fuitpath atween Kirk Street an Mercat Place Image:Oakham_Church_and_cottage.jpg|Aw Saunts Kirk seen frae Northgate Image:Oakhamfront.jpg|Oakham railway station Image:OakhamStocks.jpg|The stocks, unner the Buttercross Image:OakhamInscription.jpg|Inscription abuin the Auld Schuil door Image:Oakham_Cutts_Close.jpg|Cutts Close pairk - leukin soothwast towards the oreeginal Oakham Schuil biggin, wi the baundstaund tae the richt File:Hudson's Cottage, Oakham - geograph.org.uk - 65742.jpg|Plaque on Jeffery Hudson's Cottage File:Dean's Street, Oakham - geograph.org.uk - 23833.jpg|Dean's Street, a quiet back street </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.rutnet.co.uk/pp/location/detail.asp?id=36 Community wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216004418/http://www.rutnet.co.uk/pp/location/detail.asp?id=36 |date=2015-02-16 }} * [http://www.oakham.rutland.sch.uk/ Oakham Schuil wabsteid] * [http://www.allsaintsoakham.org.uk/ Aw Saunts Kirk Oakham wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903192302/http://www.allsaintsoakham.org.uk/ |date=2011-09-03 }} * [http://www.catmosecollege.com/ Catmose College wabsteid] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151120135033/http://www.aboutbritain.com/OakhamCastle.htm Oakham Castle wabsteid] * [http://www.rutland.gov.uk/ Link tae Rutland Coonty Cooncil wabsteid] * [http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/Oakham/Oakham.shtml Oakham wirkhoose] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924122206/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/Oakham/Oakham.shtml |date=2006-09-24 }} * [http://www.oakhamtowncouncil.co.uk Oakham Toun Cooncil]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Commonscat|Oakham}} {{Rutland}} [[Category:Touns in Rutland]] [[Category:Coonty touns in Ingland]] npji61jf3xeei3edpwdet2fdybvmmzb 10 20853 923741 880027 2026-09-29T16:47:07Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 923741 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox | bodyclass = vcard {{{bodyclass|}}} | bodystyle = {{#if:{{{mainwidth|}}}|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | abovestyle = font-size: 100%; | above = {{Yesno|{{{nobel|}}}|yes={{Nobel/Medium}}}} {{Br separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{{honorific prefix|{{{honorific_prefix|{{{honorific-prefix|}}}}}}}}}|<div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline; font-weight: normal;">{{{honorific prefix|{{{honorific_prefix|{{{honorific-prefix}}}}}}}}}</div>}} | 2 = <div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}</div> | 3 = {{#if:{{{honorific suffix|{{{honorific_suffix|{{{honorific-suffix|}}}}}}}}}|<div class="honorific-suffix" style="display:inline; font-weight: normal;">{{{honorific suffix|{{{honorific_suffix|{{{honorific-suffix}}}}}}}}}</div>}} }} | subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; | subheader = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes||{{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{width|{{{imagesize|{{{image_size|}}}}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{image_upright|1}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image name|}}}|size={{{width|{{{imagesize|{{{image_size|}}}}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{image_upright|1}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{smallimage|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{image_upright|1}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption{{#if:{{{smallimage|}}}|3|{{#if:{{{image name|}}}|2}}}} = {{{caption|}}} | headerstyle = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}} | data1 = {{#if:{{{speaker|}}}| {{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname2|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata2|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname2|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata2|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname2|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata2|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname2|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata2|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname2|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata2|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside2|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from2|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer2|}}} | {{{appointer2}}} | {{{appointed2|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly2|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor2|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader2|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM2|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM2|}}} | {{{constituency_AM2}}} | {{{constituency_MP2|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency2|}}} | country = {{{country2|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy2|}}} | district = {{{district2|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister2|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general2|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general2|}}} | governor = {{{governor2|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr2|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state2|}}} | leader = {{{leader2|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature2|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor2|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant2|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader2|}}} | {{{majorityleader2}}} | {{{majority_leader2|}}} }} | minister_from = {{{minister_from2|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader2|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader2|}}} | majority = {{{majority2|}}} | minister = {{{minister2|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader2|}}} | {{{minorityleader2}}} | {{{minority_leader2|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch2|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator2|}}} | office = {{{office2|}}} | order = {{{order2|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament2|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor2|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding2|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded2|}}} | premier = {{{premier2|}}} | president = {{{president2|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister2|}}} | riding = {{{riding2|}}} | speaker = {{{speaker|}}} | speaker_office = {{{speaker_office|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate|}}} | state = {{{state|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded2|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding2|}}} | successor = {{{successor2|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach2|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label2|{{{termlabel2|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend2|}}}|{{{termend2}}}|{{{term_end2|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart2|}}}|{{{termstart2}}}|{{{term_start2|}}}}} | term = {{{term2|}}} | title = {{{title2|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor2|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident2|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier2|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister2|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term|}}} }}}}}}<!-- -->{{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer|}}} | {{{appointer}}} | {{{appointed|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly|}}} | candidate = {{{candidate|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM|}}} | {{{constituency_AM}}} | {{{constituency_MP|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency|}}} | country = {{{country|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy|}}} | district = {{{district|}}} | election_date = {{{election_date|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general|}}} | governor = {{{governor|}}} | incumbent = {{{incumbent|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state|}}} | leader = {{{leader|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader|}}} | {{{majorityleader}}} | {{{majority_leader|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority|}}} | minister = {{{minister|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader|}}} | {{{minorityleader}}} | {{{minority_leader|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator|}}} | nominee = {{{nominee|}}} | office = {{{office|}}} | opponent = {{{opponent|}}} | order = {{{order|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament|}}} | party_election = {{{party_election|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded|}}} | premier = {{{premier|}}} | president = {{{president|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister|}}} | riding = {{{riding|}}} | runningmate = {{{runningmate|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate|}}} | state = {{{state|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding|}}} | successor = {{{successor|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label|{{{termlabel|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if: {{{termend|}}} | {{{termend}}} | {{{term_end|}}} }} | termstart = {{#if: {{{termstart|}}} | {{{termstart}}} | {{{term_start|}}} }} | term = {{{term|}}} | title = {{{title|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term|}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname1|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata1|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname1|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata1|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname1|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata1|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname1|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata1|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname1|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata1|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside1|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from1|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer1|}}} | {{{appointer1}}} | {{{appointed1|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly1|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor1|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader1|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM1|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM1|}}} | {{{constituency_AM1}}} | {{{constituency_MP1|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency1|}}} | country = {{{country1|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy1|}}} | district = {{{district1|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister1|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general1|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general1|}}} | governor = {{{governor1|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr1|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state1|}}} | leader = {{{leader1|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature1|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor1|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant1|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader1|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from1|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader1|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader1|}}} | {{{majorityleader1}}} | {{{majority_leader1|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority1|}}} | minister = {{{minister1|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader1|}}} | {{{minorityleader1}}} | {{{minority_leader1|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch1|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator1|}}} | office = {{{office1|}}} | order = {{{order1|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament1|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor1|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding1|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded1|}}} | premier = {{{premier1|}}} | president = {{{president1|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister1|}}} | riding = {{{riding1|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly1|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate1|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house1|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature1|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate1|}}} | state = {{{state1|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded1|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding1|}}} | successor = {{{successor1|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach1|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label1|{{{termlabel1|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend1|}}}|{{{termend1}}}|{{{term_end1|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart1|}}}|{{{termstart1}}}|{{{term_start1|}}}}} | term = {{{term1|}}} | title = {{{title1|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor1|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident1|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier1|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister1|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term1|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{#if:{{{speaker|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname2|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata2|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname2|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata2|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname2|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata2|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname2|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata2|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname2|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata2|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside2|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from2|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer2|}}} | {{{appointer2}}} | {{{appointed2|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly2|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor2|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader2|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM2|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM2|}}} | {{{constituency_AM2}}} | {{{constituency_MP2|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency2|}}} | country = {{{country2|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy2|}}} | district = {{{district2|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister2|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general2|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general2|}}} | governor = {{{governor2|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr2|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state2|}}} | leader = {{{leader2|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature2|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor2|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant2|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader2|}}} | {{{majorityleader2}}} | {{{majority_leader2|}}} }} | minister_from = {{{minister_from2|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader2|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader2|}}} | majority = {{{majority2|}}} | minister = {{{minister2|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader2|}}} | {{{minorityleader2}}} | {{{minority_leader2|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch2|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator2|}}} | office = {{{office2|}}} | order = {{{order2|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament2|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor2|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding2|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded2|}}} | premier = {{{premier2|}}} | president = {{{president2|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister2|}}} | riding = {{{riding2|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly2|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate2|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house2|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature2|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate2|}}} | state = {{{state2|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded2|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding2|}}} | successor = {{{successor2|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach2|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label2|{{{termlabel2|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend2|}}}|{{{termend2}}}|{{{term_end2|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart2|}}}|{{{termstart2}}}|{{{term_start2|}}}}} | term = {{{term2|}}} | title = {{{title2|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor2|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident2|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier2|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister2|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term2|}}} }}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname3|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata3|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname3|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata3|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname3|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata3|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname3|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata3|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname3|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata3|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside3|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from3|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer3|}}} | {{{appointer3}}} | {{{appointed3|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly3|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor3|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader3|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM3|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM3|}}} | {{{constituency_AM3}}} | {{{constituency_MP3|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency3|}}} | country = {{{country3|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy3|}}} | district = {{{district3|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister3|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general3|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general3|}}} | governor = {{{governor3|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr3|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state3|}}} | leader = {{{leader3|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature3|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor3|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant3|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader3|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from3|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader3|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader3|}}} | {{{majorityleader3}}} | {{{majority_leader3|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority3|}}} | minister = {{{minister3|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader3|}}} | {{{minorityleader3}}} | {{{minority_leader3|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch3|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator3|}}} | office = {{{office3|}}} | order = {{{order3|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament3|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor3|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding3|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded3|}}} | premier = {{{premier3|}}} | president = {{{president3|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister3|}}} | riding = {{{riding3|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly3|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate3|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house3|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature3|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate3|}}} | state = {{{state3|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded3|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding3|}}} | successor = {{{successor3|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach3|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label3|{{{termlabel3|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend3|}}}|{{{termend3}}}|{{{term_end3|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart3|}}}|{{{termstart3}}}|{{{term_start3|}}}}} | term = {{{term3|}}} | title = {{{title3|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor3|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident3|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier3|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister3|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term3|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname4|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata4|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname4|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata4|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname4|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata4|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname4|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata4|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname4|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata4|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside4|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from4|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer4|}}} | {{{appointer4}}} | {{{appointed4|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly4|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor4|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader4|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM4|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM4|}}} | {{{constituency_AM4}}} | {{{constituency_MP4|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency4|}}} | country = {{{country4|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy4|}}} | district = {{{district4|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister4|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general4|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general4|}}} | governor = {{{governor4|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr4|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state4|}}} | leader = {{{leader4|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature4|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor4|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant4|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from4|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader4|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader4|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader4|}}} | {{{majorityleader4}}} | {{{majority_leader4|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority4|}}} | minister = {{{minister4|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader4|}}} | {{{minorityleader4}}} | {{{minority_leader4|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch4|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator4|}}} | office = {{{office4|}}} | order = {{{order4|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament4|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor4|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding4|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded4|}}} | premier = {{{premier4|}}} | president = {{{president4|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister4|}}} | riding = {{{riding4|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly4|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate4|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house4|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature4|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate4|}}} | state = {{{state4|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded4|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding4|}}} | successor = {{{successor4|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach4|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label4|{{{termlabel4|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend4|}}}|{{{termend4}}}|{{{term_end4|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart4|}}}|{{{termstart4}}}|{{{term_start4|}}}}} | term = {{{term4|}}} | title = {{{title4|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor4|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident4|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier4|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister4|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term4|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname5|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata5|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname5|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata5|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname5|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata5|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname5|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata5|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname5|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata5|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside5|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from5|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer5|}}} | {{{appointer5}}} | {{{appointed5|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly5|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor5|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader5|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM5|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM5|}}} | {{{constituency_AM5}}} | {{{constituency_MP5|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency5|}}} | country = {{{country5|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy5|}}} | district = {{{district5|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister5|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general5|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general5|}}} | governor = {{{governor5|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr5|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state5|}}} | leader = {{{leader5|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature5|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor5|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant5|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from5|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader5|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader5|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader5|}}} | {{{majorityleader5}}} | {{{majority_leader5|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority5|}}} | minister = {{{minister5|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader5|}}} | {{{minorityleader5}}} | {{{minority_leader5|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch5|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator5|}}} | office = {{{office5|}}} | order = {{{order5|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament5|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor5|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding5|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded5|}}} | premier = {{{premier5|}}} | president = {{{president5|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister5|}}} | riding = {{{riding5|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly5|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate5|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house5|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature5|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate5|}}} | state = {{{state5|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded5|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding5|}}} | successor = {{{successor5|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach5|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label5|{{{termlabel5|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend5|}}}|{{{termend5}}}|{{{term_end5|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart5|}}}|{{{termstart5}}}|{{{term_start5|}}}}} | term = {{{term5|}}} | title = {{{title5|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor5|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident5|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier5|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister5|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term5|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname6|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata6|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname6|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata6|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname6|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata6|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname6|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata6|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname6|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata6|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside6|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from6|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer6|}}} | {{{appointer6}}} | {{{appointed6|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly6|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor6|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader6|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM6|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM6|}}} | {{{constituency_AM6}}} | {{{constituency_MP6|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency6|}}} | country = {{{country6|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy6|}}} | district = {{{district6|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister6|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general6|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general6|}}} | governor = {{{governor6|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr6|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state6|}}} | leader = {{{leader6|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature6|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor6|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant6|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader6|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from6|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader6|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader6|}}} | {{{majorityleader6}}} | {{{majority_leader6|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority6|}}} | minister = {{{minister6|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader6|}}} | {{{minorityleader6}}} | {{{minority_leader6|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch6|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator6|}}} | office = {{{office6|}}} | order = {{{order6|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament6|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor6|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding6|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded6|}}} | premier = {{{premier6|}}} | president = {{{president6|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister6|}}} | riding = {{{riding6|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly6|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate6|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house6|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature6|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate6|}}} | state = {{{state6|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded6|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding6|}}} | successor = {{{successor6|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach6|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label6|{{{termlabel6|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend6|}}}|{{{termend6}}}|{{{term_end6|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart6|}}}|{{{termstart6}}}|{{{term_start6|}}}}} | term = {{{term6|}}} | title = {{{title6|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor6|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident6|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier6|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister6|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term6|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname7|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata7|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname7|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata7|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname7|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata7|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname7|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata7|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname7|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata7|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside7|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from7|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer7|}}} | {{{appointer7}}} | {{{appointed7|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly7|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor7|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader7|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM7|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM7|}}} | {{{constituency_AM7}}} | {{{constituency_MP7|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency7|}}} | country = {{{country7|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy7|}}} | district = {{{district7|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister7|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general7|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general7|}}} | governor = {{{governor7|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr7|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state7|}}} | leader = {{{leader7|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature7|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor7|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant7|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from7|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader7|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader7|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader7|}}} | {{{majorityleader7}}} | {{{majority_leader7|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority7|}}} | minister = {{{minister7|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader7|}}} | {{{minorityleader7}}} | {{{minority_leader7|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch7|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator7|}}} | office = {{{office7|}}} | order = {{{order7|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament7|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor7|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding7|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded7|}}} | premier = {{{premier7|}}} | president = {{{president7|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister7|}}} | riding = {{{riding7|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly7|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate7|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house7|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature7|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate7|}}} | state = {{{state7|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded7|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding7|}}} | successor = {{{successor7|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach7|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label7|{{{termlabel7|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend7|}}}|{{{termend7}}}|{{{term_end7|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart7|}}}|{{{termstart7}}}|{{{term_start7|}}}}} | term = {{{term7|}}} | title = {{{title7|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor7|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident7|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier7|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister7|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term7|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname8|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata8|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname8|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata8|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname8|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata8|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname8|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata8|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname8|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata8|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside8|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from8|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer8|}}} | {{{appointer8}}} | {{{appointed8|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly8|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor8|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader8|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM8|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM8|}}} | {{{constituency_AM8}}} | {{{constituency_MP8|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency8|}}} | country = {{{country8|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy8|}}} | district = {{{district8|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister8|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general8|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general8|}}} | governor = {{{governor8|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr8|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state8|}}} | leader = {{{leader8|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature8|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor8|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant8|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from8|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader8|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader8|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader8|}}} | {{{majorityleader8}}} | {{{majority_leader8|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority8|}}} | minister = {{{minister8|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader8|}}} | {{{minorityleader8}}} | {{{minority_leader8|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch8|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator8|}}} | office = {{{office8|}}} | order = {{{order8|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament8|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor8|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding8|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded8|}}} | premier = {{{premier8|}}} | president = {{{president8|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister8|}}} | riding = {{{riding8|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly8|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate8|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house8|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature8|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate8|}}} | state = {{{state8|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded8|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding8|}}} | successor = {{{successor8|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach8|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label8|{{{termlabel8|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend8|}}}|{{{termend8}}}|{{{term_end8|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart8|}}}|{{{termstart8}}}|{{{term_start8|}}}}} | term = {{{term8|}}} | title = {{{title8|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor8|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident8|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier8|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister8|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term8|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname9|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata9|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname9|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata9|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname9|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata9|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname9|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata9|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname9|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata9|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside9|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from9|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer9|}}} | {{{appointer9}}} | {{{appointed9|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly9|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor9|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader9|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM9|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM9|}}} | {{{constituency_AM9}}} | {{{constituency_MP9|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency9|}}} | country = {{{country9|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy9|}}} | district = {{{district9|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister9|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general9|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general9|}}} | governor = {{{governor9|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr9|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state9|}}} | leader = {{{leader9|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature9|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor9|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant9|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from9|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader9|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader9|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader9|}}} | {{{majorityleader9}}} | {{{majority_leader9|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority9|}}} | minister = {{{minister9|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader9|}}} | {{{minorityleader9}}} | {{{minority_leader9|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch9|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator9|}}} | office = {{{office9|}}} | order = {{{order9|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament9|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor9|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding9|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded9|}}} | premier = {{{premier9|}}} | president = {{{president9|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister9|}}} | riding = {{{riding9|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly9|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate9|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house9|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature9|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate9|}}} | state = {{{state9|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded9|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding9|}}} | successor = {{{successor9|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach9|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label9|{{{termlabel9|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend9|}}}|{{{termend9}}}|{{{term_end9|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart9|}}}|{{{termstart9}}}|{{{term_start9|}}}}} | term = {{{term9|}}} | title = {{{title9|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor9|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident9|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier9|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister9|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term9|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname10|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata10|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname10|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata10|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname10|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata10|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname10|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata10|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname10|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata10|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside10|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from10|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer10|}}} | {{{appointer10}}} | {{{appointed10|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly10|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor10|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader10|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM10|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM10|}}} | {{{constituency_AM10}}} | {{{constituency_MP10|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency10|}}} | country = {{{country10|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy10|}}} | district = {{{district10|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister10|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general10|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general10|}}} | governor = {{{governor10|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr10|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state10|}}} | leader = {{{leader10|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature10|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor10|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant10|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from10|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader10|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader10|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader10|}}} | {{{majorityleader10}}} | {{{majority_leader10|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority10|}}} | minister = {{{minister10|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader10|}}} | {{{minorityleader10}}} | {{{minority_leader10|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch10|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator10|}}} | office = {{{office10|}}} | order = {{{order10|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament10|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor10|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding10|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded10|}}} | premier = {{{premier10|}}} | president = {{{president10|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister10|}}} | riding = {{{riding10|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly10|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate10|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house10|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature10|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate10|}}} | state = {{{state10|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded10|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding10|}}} | successor = {{{successor10|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach10|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label10|{{{termlabel10|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend10|}}}|{{{termend10}}}|{{{term_end10|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart10|}}}|{{{termstart10}}}|{{{term_start10|}}}}} | term = {{{term10|}}} | title = {{{title10|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor10|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident10|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier10|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister10|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term10|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname11|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata11|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname11|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata11|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname11|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata11|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname11|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata11|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname11|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata11|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside11|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from11|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer11|}}} | {{{appointer11}}} | {{{appointed11|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly11|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor11|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader11|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM11|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM11|}}} | {{{constituency_AM11}}} | {{{constituency_MP11|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency11|}}} | country = {{{country11|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy11|}}} | district = {{{district11|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister11|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general11|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general11|}}} | governor = {{{governor11|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr11|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state11|}}} | leader = {{{leader11|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature11|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor11|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant11|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from11|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader11|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader11|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader11|}}} | {{{majorityleader11}}} | {{{majority_leader11|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority11|}}} | minister = {{{minister11|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader11|}}} | {{{minorityleader11}}} | {{{minority_leader11|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch11|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator11|}}} | office = {{{office11|}}} | order = {{{order11|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament11|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor11|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding11|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded11|}}} | premier = {{{premier11|}}} | president = {{{president11|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister11|}}} | riding = {{{riding11|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly11|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate11|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house11|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature11|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate11|}}} | state = {{{state11|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded11|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding11|}}} | successor = {{{successor11|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach11|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label11|{{{termlabel11|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend11|}}}|{{{termend11}}}|{{{term_end11|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart11|}}}|{{{termstart11}}}|{{{term_start11|}}}}} | term = {{{term11|}}} | title = {{{title11|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor11|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident11|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier11|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister11|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term11|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname12|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata12|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname12|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata12|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname12|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata12|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname12|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata12|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname12|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata12|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside12|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from12|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer12|}}} | {{{appointer12}}} | {{{appointed12|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly12|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor12|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader12|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM12|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM12|}}} | {{{constituency_AM12}}} | {{{constituency_MP12|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency12|}}} | country = {{{country12|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy12|}}} | district = {{{district12|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister12|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general12|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general12|}}} | governor = {{{governor12|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr12|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state12|}}} | leader = {{{leader12|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature12|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor12|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant12|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from12|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader12|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader12|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader12|}}} | {{{majorityleader12}}} | {{{majority_leader12|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority12|}}} | minister = {{{minister12|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader12|}}} | {{{minorityleader12}}} | {{{minority_leader12|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch12|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator12|}}} | office = {{{office12|}}} | order = {{{order12|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament12|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor12|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding12|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded12|}}} | premier = {{{premier12|}}} | president = {{{president12|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister12|}}} | riding = {{{riding12|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly12|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate12|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house12|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature12|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate12|}}} | state = {{{state12|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded12|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding12|}}} | successor = {{{successor12|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach12|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label12|{{{termlabel12|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend12|}}}|{{{termend12}}}|{{{term_end12|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart12|}}}|{{{termstart12}}}|{{{term_start12|}}}}} | term = {{{term12|}}} | title = {{{title12|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor12|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident12|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier12|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister12|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term12|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname13|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata13|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname13|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata13|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname13|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata13|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname13|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata13|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname13|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata13|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside13|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from13|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer13|}}} | {{{appointer13}}} | {{{appointed13|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly13|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor13|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader13|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM13|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM13|}}} | {{{constituency_AM13}}} | {{{constituency_MP13|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency13|}}} | country = {{{country13|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy13|}}} | district = {{{district13|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister13|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general13|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general13|}}} | governor = {{{governor13|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr13|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state13|}}} | leader = {{{leader13|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature13|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor13|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant13|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from13|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader13|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader13|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader13|}}} | {{{majorityleader13}}} | {{{majority_leader13|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority13|}}} | minister = {{{minister13|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader13|}}} | {{{minorityleader13}}} | {{{minority_leader13|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch13|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator13|}}} | office = {{{office13|}}} | order = {{{order13|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament13|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor13|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding13|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded13|}}} | premier = {{{premier13|}}} | president = {{{president13|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister13|}}} | riding = {{{riding13|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly13|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate13|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house13|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature13|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate13|}}} | state = {{{state13|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded13|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding13|}}} | successor = {{{successor13|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach13|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label13|{{{termlabel13|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend13|}}}|{{{termend13}}}|{{{term_end13|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart13|}}}|{{{termstart13}}}|{{{term_start13|}}}}} | term = {{{term13|}}} | title = {{{title13|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor13|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident13|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier13|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister13|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term13|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname14|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata14|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname14|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata14|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname14|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata14|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname14|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata14|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname14|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata14|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside14|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from14|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer14|}}} | {{{appointer14}}} | {{{appointed14|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly14|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor14|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader14|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM14|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM14|}}} | {{{constituency_AM14}}} | {{{constituency_MP14|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency14|}}} | country = {{{country14|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy14|}}} | district = {{{district14|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister14|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general14|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general14|}}} | governor = {{{governor14|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr14|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state14|}}} | leader = {{{leader14|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature14|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor14|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant14|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from14|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader14|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader14|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader14|}}} | {{{majorityleader14}}} | {{{majority_leader14|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority14|}}} | minister = {{{minister14|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader14|}}} | {{{minorityleader14}}} | {{{minority_leader14|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch14|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator14|}}} | office = {{{office14|}}} | order = {{{order14|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament14|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor14|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding14|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded14|}}} | premier = {{{premier14|}}} | president = {{{president14|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister14|}}} | riding = {{{riding14|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly14|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate14|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house14|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature14|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate14|}}} | state = {{{state14|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded14|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding14|}}} | successor = {{{successor14|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach14|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label14|{{{termlabel14|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend14|}}}|{{{termend14}}}|{{{term_end14|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart14|}}}|{{{termstart14}}}|{{{term_start14|}}}}} | term = {{{term14|}}} | title = {{{title14|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor14|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident14|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier14|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister14|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term14|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname15|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata15|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname15|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata15|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname15|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata15|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname15|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata15|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname15|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata15|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside15|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from15|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer15|}}} | {{{appointer15}}} | {{{appointed15|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly15|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor15|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader15|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM15|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM15|}}} | {{{constituency_AM15}}} | {{{constituency_MP15|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency15|}}} | country = {{{country15|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy15|}}} | district = {{{district15|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister15|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general15|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general15|}}} | governor = {{{governor15|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr15|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state15|}}} | leader = {{{leader15|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature15|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor15|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant15|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from15|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader15|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader15|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader15|}}} | {{{majorityleader15}}} | {{{majority_leader15|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority15|}}} | minister = {{{minister15|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader15|}}} | {{{minorityleader15}}} | {{{minority_leader15|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch15|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator15|}}} | office = {{{office15|}}} | order = {{{order15|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament15|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor15|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding15|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded15|}}} | premier = {{{premier15|}}} | president = {{{president15|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister15|}}} | riding = {{{riding15|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly15|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate15|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house15|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature15|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate15|}}} | state = {{{state15|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded15|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding15|}}} | successor = {{{successor15|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach15|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label15|{{{termlabel15|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend15|}}}|{{{termend15}}}|{{{term_end15|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart15|}}}|{{{termstart15}}}|{{{term_start15|}}}}} | term = {{{term15|}}} | title = {{{title15|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor15|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident15|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier15|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister15|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term15|}}} }}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{Infobox officeholder/office|color={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|#eee|lavender}} | 1blankname = {{{1blankname16|}}} | 1namedata = {{{1namedata16|}}} | 2blankname = {{{2blankname16|}}} | 2namedata = {{{2namedata16|}}} | 3blankname = {{{3blankname16|}}} | 3namedata = {{{3namedata16|}}} | 4blankname = {{{4blankname16|}}} | 4namedata = {{{4namedata16|}}} | 5blankname = {{{5blankname16|}}} | 5namedata = {{{5namedata16|}}} | alongside = {{{alongside16|}}} | ambassador_from = {{{ambassador_from16|}}} | appointer = {{#if: {{{appointer16|}}} | {{{appointer16}}} | {{{appointed16|}}} }} | assembly = {{{assembly16|}}} | chancellor = {{{chancellor16|}}} | co-leader = {{{co-leader16|}}} | constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM16|}}}|AM|MP}} = {{#if: {{{constituency_AM16|}}} | {{{constituency_AM16}}} | {{{constituency_MP16|}}} }} | constituency = {{{constituency16|}}} | country = {{{country16|}}} | deputy = {{{deputy16|}}} | district = {{{district16|}}} | firstminister = {{{firstminister16|}}} | governor-general = {{{governor-general16|}}} | governor_general = {{{governor_general16|}}} | governor = {{{governor16|}}} | jr/sr = {{{jr/sr16|}}} | jr/sr and state = {{{jr/sr and state16|}}} | leader = {{{leader16|}}} | legislature = {{{legislature16|}}} | lieutenant_governor = {{{lieutenant_governor16|}}} | lieutenant = {{{lieutenant16|}}} | minister_from = {{{minister_from16|}}} | minority_floor_leader = {{{minority_floor_leader16|}}} | majority_floor_leader = {{{majority_floor_leader16|}}} | majority_leader = {{#if: {{{majorityleader16|}}} | {{{majorityleader16}}} | {{{majority_leader16|}}} }} | majority = {{{majority16|}}} | minister = {{{minister16|}}} | minority_leader = {{#if: {{{minorityleader16|}}} | {{{minorityleader16}}} | {{{minority_leader16|}}} }} | monarch = {{{monarch16|}}} | nominator = {{{nominator16|}}} | office = {{{office16|}}} | order = {{{order16|}}} | parliament = {{{parliament16|}}} | predecessor = {{{predecessor16|}}} | preceding = {{{preceding16|}}} | preceded = {{{preceded16|}}} | premier = {{{premier16|}}} | president = {{{president16|}}} | primeminister = {{{primeminister16|}}} | riding = {{{riding16|}}} | state_assembly = {{{state_assembly16|}}} | state_delegate = {{{state_delegate16|}}} | state_house = {{{state_house16|}}} | state_legislature = {{{state_legislature16|}}} | state_senate = {{{state_senate16|}}} | state = {{{state16|}}} | succeeded = {{{succeeded16|}}} | succeeding = {{{succeeding16|}}} | successor = {{{successor16|}}} | taoiseach = {{{taoiseach16|}}} | termlabel = {{{term_label16|{{{termlabel16|In office}}}}}} | termend = {{#if:{{{termend16|}}}|{{{termend16}}}|{{{term_end16|}}}}} | termstart = {{#if:{{{termstart16|}}}|{{{termstart16}}}|{{{term_start16|}}}}} | term = {{{term16|}}} | title = {{{title16|}}} | vicegovernor = {{{vicegovernor16|}}} | vicepresident = {{{vicepresident16|}}} | vicepremier = {{{vicepremier16|}}} | viceprimeminister = {{{viceprimeminister16|}}} | party = {{{party|}}} | prior_term = {{{prior_term16|}}} }}}} | data19 = {{{module0|}}} <!----------Personal data----------> | header20 = {{#if:{{{pronunciation|}}}{{{birth_name|{{{birthname|}}}}}}{{{birth_date|}}}{{{birth_place|}}}{{{death_date|}}}{{{death_place|}}}{{{resting_place|{{{restingplace|}}}}}}{{{resting_place_coordinates|{{{restingplacecoordinates|}}}}}}{{{citizenship|}}}{{{nationality|}}}{{{party|}}}{{{otherparty|}}}{{{spouse|}}}{{{partner|}}}{{{relations|}}}{{{children|}}}{{{parents|}}}{{{mother|}}}{{{father|}}}{{{relatives|}}}{{{residence|}}}{{{education|}}}{{{alma_mater|}}}{{{occupation|}}}{{{profession|}}}{{{known_for|}}}{{{salary|}}}{{{net_worth|}}}{{{cabinet|}}}{{{committees|}}}{{{portfolio|}}}{{{religion|}}}{{{awards|}}}{{{data1|}}}{{{data2|}}}{{{data3|}}}{{{data4|}}}{{{data5|}}}|Personal details}} | label21 = Pronunciation | data21 = {{{pronunciation|}}} | label22 = Born | data22 = {{br separated entries |1 = {{#if:{{{birth_name|{{{birthname|}}}}}}|<span class="nickname">{{{birth_name|{{{birthname}}}}}}</span>}} |2 = {{{birth_date|}}} |3 = {{{birth_place|}}} }} | label23 = Dee'd | data23 = {{br separated entries|{{{death_date|}}}|{{{death_place|}}}}} | label24 = Cause&nbsp;o&nbsp;daith | data24 = {{{death_cause|}}} | label25 = Restin place | class25 = label | data25 = {{br separated entries|{{{resting_place|{{{restingplace|}}}}}}|{{{resting_place_coordinates|{{{restingplacecoordinates|}}}}}}}} | label26 = Ceetizenship | data26 = {{{citizenship|}}} | label27 = Naitionality | data27 = {{{nationality|}}} | label28 = Poleetical pairty | data28 = {{#switch:{{{party}}} | [[Unitit States Democratic Pairty|Democrat]] | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democrat]] = [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | [[Unitit States Republican Pairty]] | [[Unitit States Republican Pairty|Republican]] | [[Republican Pairty (United States)|Republican Pairty]] = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]] | [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] | [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour Pairty]] | [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]] = [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]] | [[Conservative Pairty o Canadae|Conservative Pairty]] | [[Conservative Pairty o Canadae|Conservative]] = [[Conservative Pairty o Canadae|Conservative]] | [[Leeberal Pairty o Canada|Leeberal Pairty]] | [[Leeberal Pairty o Canada|Leeberal]] = [[Leeberal Pairty o Canadae|Leeberal]] | KMT | Kuomintang | [[KMT]] | [[Kuomintang|KMT]] | [[Kuomintang]] | Kuomintang (KMT) | [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) | {{KMT}} (KMT) | {{KMT}} = [[Kuomintang]] | DPP | [[Democratic Progressive Pairty|DPP]] | [[Democratic Progressive Pairty]] | {{DPP}} = [[Democratic Progressive Pairty]] | #default = {{{party|}}} }} | label29 = Ither poleetical<br />affiliations | data29 = {{{otherparty|}}} | label30 = Heicht | data30 = {{#if:{{{height|}}}|{{infobox person/height|{{{height|}}}}}}} | label31 = Hauf-Marrow(s) | data31 = {{{spouse|}}} | label32 = Domestic partner | data32 = {{{partner|}}} | label33 = Relations | data33 = {{{relations|}}} | label34 = Bairns | data34 = {{{children|}}} | label35 = Parents | data35 = {{{parents|}}} | label36 = Mither | data36 = {{{mother|}}} | label37 = Faither | data37 = {{{father|}}} | label38 = Sibs | data38 = {{{relatives|}}} | label39 = Residence | class39 = {{#if:{{{death_date|}}}{{{death_place|}}}||label}} | data39 = {{{residence|}}} | label40 = Eddication | data40 = {{{education|}}} | label41 = [[Alma mater]] | data41 = {{{alma_mater|}}} | label42 = Thrift | data42 = {{{occupation|}}} | label43 = Profession | data43 = {{{profession|}}} | label44 = Kent for | data44 = {{{known_for|}}} | label45 = Salary | data45 = {{{salary|}}} | label46 = Net worth | data46 = {{{net_worth|}}} | label47 = Cabinet | data47 = {{{cabinet|}}} | label48 = Committees | data48 = {{{committees|}}} | label49 = Portfolio | data49 = {{{portfolio|}}} | label50 = Religion | data50 = {{{religion|}}} | label51 = {{#if:{{{mawards|}}}|Ceevilian awairds|Awairds}} | data51 = {{{awards|}}} | label52 = {{{blank1}}} | data52 = {{{data1|}}} | label53 = {{{blank2}}} | data53 = {{{data2|}}} | label54 = {{{blank3}}} | data54 = {{{data3|}}} | label55 = {{{blank4}}} | data55 = {{{data4|}}} | label56 = {{{blank5}}} | data56 = {{{data5|}}} | label57 = Signatur | data57 = {{#if:{{{signature|}}}|[[File:{{{signature}}}|128x80px|alt={{{signature_alt|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}'s signatur]]}} | label58 = Wabsteid | data58 = {{{website|}}} | header59 = {{#if:{{{allegiance|}}}{{{branch|}}}{{{serviceyears|}}}{{{rank|}}}{{{unit|}}}{{{commands|}}}{{{battles|}}}{{{military_blank1|}}}|Militar service}} | label60 = Eikname(s) | data60 = {{{nickname|}}} | label61 = Allegiance | data61 = {{{allegiance|}}} | label62 = Service/brainch | data62 = {{{branch|}}} | label63 = Years o service | data63 = {{{serviceyears|}}} | label64 = Rank | data64 = {{{rank|}}} | label65 = Unit | data65 = {{{unit|}}} | label66 = Commands | data66 = {{{commands|}}} | label67 = Battles/wars | data67 = {{{battles|}}} | label68 = {{#if:{{{awards|}}}|Militar awairds|Awairds}} | data68 = {{{mawards|}}} | label69 = {{{military_blank1}}} | data69 = {{{military_data1|}}} | label70 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data70 = {{{military_data2|}}} | label71 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data71 = {{{military_data3|}}} | label72 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data72 = {{{military_data4|}}} | label73 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data73 = {{{military_data5|}}} | data74 = {{{module|}}} | data75 = {{{module2|}}} | data76 = {{{module3|}}} | data77 = {{{module4|}}} | data78 = {{{module5|}}} | data79 = {{{footnotes|}}} | belowstyle = border-top: 1px solid right; font-size: 90% | below = {{#if:{{{date|}}}| As of {{{date}}}{{#if:{{{year|}}}|, {{{year}}}}}{{#if:{{{source|}}}|<br />Source: [{{{source}}}]}} }} }}{{#if:{{{pronunciation|}}}|[[Category:Biografie template uisin pronunciation]] }}{{#if:{{{1blankname0|}}}{{{1namedata0|}}}{{{2blankname0|}}}{{{2namedata0|}}}{{{3blankname0|}}}{{{3namedata0|}}}{{{4blankname0|}}}{{{4namedata0|}}}{{{5blankname0|}}}{{{5namedata0|}}}{{{alongside0|}}}{{{ambassador_from0|}}}{{{appointer0|}}}{{{assembly0|}}}{{{chancellor0|}}}{{{co-leader0|}}}{{{constituency_AM0|}}}{{{constituency0|}}}{{{country0|}}}{{{deputy0|}}}{{{district0|}}}{{{firstminister0|}}}{{{governor-general0|}}}{{{governor0|}}}{{{jr/sr0|}}}{{{jr/sr and state0|}}}{{{leader0|}}}{{{legislature0|}}}{{{lieutenant_governor0|}}}{{{lieutenant0|}}}{{{minister_from0|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader0|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader0|}}}{{{majorityleader0|}}}{{{majority0|}}}{{{minister0|}}}{{{minorityleader0|}}}{{{monarch0|}}}{{{nominator0|}}}{{{office0|}}}{{{order0|}}}{{{parliament0|}}}{{{predecessor0|}}}{{{preceding0|}}}{{{preceded0|}}}{{{premier0|}}}{{{president0|}}}{{{primeminister0|}}}{{{riding0|}}}{{{state_assembly0|}}}{{{state_delegate0|}}}{{{state_house0|}}}{{{state_legislature0|}}}{{{state_senate0|}}}{{{state0|}}}{{{succeeded0|}}}{{{succeeding0|}}}{{{successor0|}}}{{{taoiseach0|}}}{{{termend0|}}}{{{termstart0|}}}{{{term0|}}}{{{title0|}}}{{{vicegovernor0|}}}{{{vicepresident0|}}}{{{vicepremier0|}}}{{{viceprimeminister0|}}}{{{prior_term0|}}}{{{appointe0|}}}{{{constituency_0|}}}|[[Category:Pages uisin infobox officeholder wi office0]] }}{{#if:{{{speaker|}}}|{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox officeholder with speaker and without nominee or candidate]]}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages uisin infobox officeholder wi unkent parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page uisin [[Template:Infobox officeholder]] wi unkent parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1blankname | 1blankname1 | 1blankname10 | 1blankname11 | 1blankname12 | 1blankname13 | 1blankname14 | 1blankname15 | 1blankname16 | 1blankname2 | 1blankname3 | 1blankname4 | 1blankname5 | 1blankname6 | 1blankname7 | 1blankname8 | 1blankname9 | 1namedata | 1namedata1 | 1namedata10 | 1namedata11 | 1namedata12 | 1namedata13 | 1namedata14 | 1namedata15 | 1namedata16 | 1namedata2 | 1namedata3 | 1namedata4 | 1namedata5 | 1namedata6 | 1namedata7 | 1namedata8 | 1namedata9 | 2blankname | 2blankname1 | 2blankname10 | 2blankname11 | 2blankname12 | 2blankname13 | 2blankname14 | 2blankname15 | 2blankname16 | 2blankname2 | 2blankname3 | 2blankname4 | 2blankname5 | 2blankname6 | 2blankname7 | 2blankname8 | 2blankname9 | 2namedata | 2namedata1 | 2namedata10 | 2namedata11 | 2namedata12 | 2namedata13 | 2namedata14 | 2namedata15 | 2namedata16 | 2namedata2 | 2namedata3 | 2namedata4 | 2namedata5 | 2namedata6 | 2namedata7 | 2namedata8 | 2namedata9 | 3blankname | 3blankname1 | 3blankname10 | 3blankname11 | 3blankname12 | 3blankname13 | 3blankname14 | 3blankname15 | 3blankname16 | 3blankname2 | 3blankname3 | 3blankname4 | 3blankname5 | 3blankname6 | 3blankname7 | 3blankname8 | 3blankname9 | 3namedata | 3namedata1 | 3namedata10 | 3namedata11 | 3namedata12 | 3namedata13 | 3namedata14 | 3namedata15 | 3namedata16 | 3namedata2 | 3namedata3 | 3namedata4 | 3namedata5 | 3namedata6 | 3namedata7 | 3namedata8 | 3namedata9 | 4blankname | 4blankname1 | 4blankname10 | 4blankname11 | 4blankname12 | 4blankname13 | 4blankname14 | 4blankname15 | 4blankname16 | 4blankname2 | 4blankname3 | 4blankname4 | 4blankname5 | 4blankname6 | 4blankname7 | 4blankname8 | 4blankname9 | 4namedata | 4namedata1 | 4namedata10 | 4namedata11 | 4namedata12 | 4namedata13 | 4namedata14 | 4namedata15 | 4namedata16 | 4namedata2 | 4namedata3 | 4namedata4 | 4namedata5 | 4namedata6 | 4namedata7 | 4namedata8 | 4namedata9 | 5blankname | 5blankname1 | 5blankname10 | 5blankname11 | 5blankname12 | 5blankname13 | 5blankname14 | 5blankname15 | 5blankname16 | 5blankname2 | 5blankname3 | 5blankname4 | 5blankname5 | 5blankname6 | 5blankname7 | 5blankname8 | 5blankname9 | 5namedata | 5namedata1 | 5namedata10 | 5namedata11 | 5namedata12 | 5namedata13 | 5namedata14 | 5namedata15 | 5namedata16 | 5namedata2 | 5namedata3 | 5namedata4 | 5namedata5 | 5namedata6 | 5namedata7 | 5namedata8 | 5namedata9 | allegiance | alma_mater | alongside | alongside1 | alongside10 | alongside11 | alongside12 | alongside13 | alongside14 | alongside15 | alongside16 | alongside2 | alongside3 | alongside4 | alongside5 | alongside6 | alongside7 | alongside8 | alongside9 | alt | ambassador_from | ambassador_from1 | ambassador_from10 | ambassador_from11 | ambassador_from12 | ambassador_from13 | ambassador_from14 | ambassador_from15 | ambassador_from16 | ambassador_from2 | ambassador_from3 | ambassador_from4 | ambassador_from5 | ambassador_from6 | ambassador_from7 | ambassador_from8 | ambassador_from9 | appointed | appointed1 | appointed10 | appointed11 | appointed12 | appointed13 | appointed14 | appointed15 | appointed16 | appointed2 | appointed3 | appointed4 | appointed5 | appointed6 | appointed7 | appointed8 | appointed9 | appointer | appointer1 | appointer10 | appointer11 | appointer12 | appointer13 | appointer14 | appointer15 | appointer16 | appointer2 | appointer3 | appointer4 | appointer5 | appointer6 | appointer7 | appointer8 | appointer9 | assembly | assembly1 | assembly10 | assembly11 | assembly12 | assembly13 | assembly14 | assembly15 | assembly16 | assembly2 | assembly3 | assembly4 | assembly5 | assembly6 | assembly7 | assembly8 | assembly9 | awards | battles | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | blank1 | blank2 | blank3 | blank4 | blank5 | bodyclass | branch | cabinet | candidate | caption | chancellor | chancellor1 | chancellor10 | chancellor11 | chancellor12 | chancellor13 | chancellor14 | chancellor15 | chancellor16 | chancellor2 | chancellor3 | chancellor4 | chancellor5 | chancellor6 | chancellor7 | chancellor8 | chancellor9 | children | citizenship | co-leader | co-leader1 | co-leader10 | co-leader11 | co-leader12 | co-leader13 | co-leader14 | co-leader15 | co-leader16 | co-leader2 | co-leader3 | co-leader4 | co-leader5 | co-leader6 | co-leader7 | co-leader8 | co-leader9 | commands | committees | constituency | constituency_AM | constituency_AM1 | constituency_AM10 | constituency_AM11 | constituency_AM12 | constituency_AM13 | constituency_AM14 | constituency_AM15 | constituency_AM16 | constituency_AM2 | constituency_AM3 | constituency_AM4 | constituency_AM5 | constituency_AM6 | constituency_AM7 | constituency_AM8 | constituency_AM9 | constituency_MP | constituency_MP1 | constituency_MP10 | constituency_MP11 | constituency_MP12 | constituency_MP13 | constituency_MP14 | constituency_MP15 | constituency_MP16 | constituency_MP2 | constituency_MP3 | constituency_MP4 | constituency_MP5 | constituency_MP6 | constituency_MP7 | constituency_MP8 | constituency_MP9 | constituency1 | constituency10 | constituency11 | constituency12 | constituency13 | constituency14 | constituency15 | constituency16 | constituency2 | constituency3 | constituency4 | constituency5 | constituency6 | constituency7 | constituency8 | constituency9 | country | country1 | country10 | country11 | country12 | country13 | country14 | country15 | country16 | country2 | country3 | country4 | country5 | country6 | country7 | country8 | country9 | data1 | data2 | data3 | data4 | data5 | date | death_cause | death_date | death_place | deputy | deputy1 | deputy10 | deputy11 | deputy12 | deputy13 | deputy14 | deputy15 | deputy16 | deputy2 | deputy3 | deputy4 | deputy5 | deputy6 | deputy7 | deputy8 | deputy9 | district | district1 | district10 | district11 | district12 | district13 | district14 | district15 | district16 | district2 | district3 | district4 | district5 | district6 | district7 | district8 | district9 | education | election_date | embed | father | firstminister | firstminister1 | firstminister10 | firstminister11 | firstminister12 | firstminister13 | firstminister14 | firstminister15 | firstminister16 | firstminister2 | firstminister3 | firstminister4 | firstminister5 | firstminister6 | firstminister7 | firstminister8 | firstminister9 | footnotes | governor | governor_general | governor_general1 | governor_general10 | governor_general11 | governor_general12 | governor_general13 | governor_general14 | governor_general15 | governor_general16 | governor_general2 | governor_general3 | governor_general4 | governor_general5 | governor_general6 | governor_general7 | governor_general8 | governor_general9 | governor-general | governor-general1 | governor-general10 | governor-general11 | governor-general12 | governor-general13 | governor-general14 | governor-general15 | governor-general16 | governor-general2 | governor-general3 | governor-general4 | governor-general5 | governor-general6 | governor-general7 | governor-general8 | governor-general9 | governor1 | governor10 | governor11 | governor12 | governor13 | governor14 | governor15 | governor16 | governor2 | governor3 | governor4 | governor5 | governor6 | governor7 | governor8 | governor9 | height | honorific-prefix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | jr/sr | jr/sr and state | jr/sr and state1 | jr/sr and state10 | jr/sr and state11 | jr/sr and state12 | jr/sr and state13 | jr/sr and state14 | jr/sr and state15 | jr/sr and state16 | jr/sr and state2 | jr/sr and state3 | jr/sr and state4 | jr/sr and state5 | jr/sr and state6 | jr/sr and state7 | jr/sr and state8 | jr/sr and state9 | jr/sr1 | jr/sr10 | jr/sr11 | jr/sr12 | jr/sr13 | jr/sr14 | jr/sr15 | jr/sr16 | jr/sr2 | jr/sr3 | jr/sr4 | jr/sr5 | jr/sr6 | jr/sr7 | jr/sr8 | jr/sr9 | known_for | leader | leader1 | leader10 | leader11 | leader12 | leader13 | leader14 | leader15 | leader16 | leader2 | leader3 | leader4 | leader5 | leader6 | leader7 | leader8 | leader9 | legislature | legislature1 | legislature10 | legislature11 | legislature12 | legislature13 | legislature14 | legislature15 | legislature16 | legislature2 | legislature3 | legislature4 | legislature5 | legislature6 | legislature7 | legislature8 | legislature9 | lieutenant | lieutenant_governor | lieutenant_governor1 | lieutenant_governor10 | lieutenant_governor11 | lieutenant_governor12 | lieutenant_governor13 | lieutenant_governor14 | lieutenant_governor15 | lieutenant_governor16 | lieutenant_governor2 | lieutenant_governor3 | lieutenant_governor4 | lieutenant_governor5 | lieutenant_governor6 | lieutenant_governor7 | lieutenant_governor8 | lieutenant_governor9 | lieutenant1 | lieutenant10 | lieutenant11 | lieutenant12 | lieutenant13 | lieutenant14 | lieutenant15 | lieutenant16 | lieutenant2 | lieutenant3 | lieutenant4 | lieutenant5 | lieutenant6 | lieutenant7 | lieutenant8 | lieutenant9 | mainwidth | majority | majority_floor_leader | majority_floor_leader1 | majority_floor_leader10 | majority_floor_leader11 | majority_floor_leader12 | majority_floor_leader13 | majority_floor_leader14 | majority_floor_leader15 | majority_floor_leader16 | majority_floor_leader2 | majority_floor_leader3 | majority_floor_leader4 | majority_floor_leader5 | majority_floor_leader6 | majority_floor_leader7 | majority_floor_leader8 | majority_floor_leader9 | majority_leader | majority_leader1 | majority_leader10 | majority_leader11 | majority_leader12 | majority_leader13 | majority_leader14 | majority_leader15 | majority_leader16 | majority_leader2 | majority_leader3 | majority_leader4 | majority_leader5 | majority_leader6 | majority_leader7 | majority_leader8 | majority_leader9 | majority1 | majority10 | majority11 | majority12 | majority13 | majority14 | majority15 | majority16 | majority2 | majority3 | majority4 | majority5 | majority6 | majority7 | majority8 | majority9 | majorityleader | majorityleader1 | majorityleader10 | majorityleader11 | majorityleader12 | majorityleader13 | majorityleader14 | majorityleader15 | majorityleader16 | majorityleader2 | majorityleader3 | majorityleader4 | majorityleader5 | majorityleader6 | majorityleader7 | majorityleader8 | majorityleader9 | mawards | military_blank1 | military_blank2 | military_blank3 | military_blank4 | military_blank5 | military_data1 | military_data2 | military_data3 | military_data4 | military_data5 | minister | minister_from | minister_from1 | minister_from10 | minister_from11 | minister_from12 | minister_from13 | minister_from14 | minister_from15 | minister_from16 | minister_from2 | minister_from3 | minister_from4 | minister_from5 | minister_from6 | minister_from7 | minister_from8 | minister_from9 | minister1 | minister10 | minister11 | minister12 | minister13 | minister14 | minister15 | minister16 | minister2 | minister3 | minister4 | minister5 | minister6 | minister7 | minister8 | minister9 | minority_floor_leader | minority_floor_leader1 | minority_floor_leader10 | minority_floor_leader11 | minority_floor_leader12 | minority_floor_leader13 | minority_floor_leader14 | minority_floor_leader15 | minority_floor_leader16 | minority_floor_leader2 | minority_floor_leader3 | minority_floor_leader4 | minority_floor_leader5 | minority_floor_leader6 | minority_floor_leader7 | minority_floor_leader8 | minority_floor_leader9 | minority_leader | minority_leader1 | minority_leader10 | minority_leader11 | minority_leader12 | minority_leader13 | minority_leader14 | minority_leader15 | minority_leader16 | minority_leader2 | minority_leader3 | minority_leader4 | minority_leader5 | minority_leader6 | minority_leader7 | minority_leader8 | minority_leader9 | minorityleader | minorityleader1 | minorityleader10 | minorityleader11 | minorityleader12 | minorityleader13 | minorityleader14 | minorityleader15 | minorityleader16 | minorityleader2 | minorityleader3 | minorityleader4 | minorityleader5 | minorityleader6 | minorityleader7 | minorityleader8 | minorityleader9 | module | module0 | module2 | module3 | module4 | module5 | monarch | monarch1 | monarch10 | monarch11 | monarch12 | monarch13 | monarch14 | monarch15 | monarch16 | monarch2 | monarch3 | monarch4 | monarch5 | monarch6 | monarch7 | monarch8 | monarch9 | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | net_worth | nickname | nominator | nominator1 | nominator10 | nominator11 | nominator12 | nominator13 | nominator14 | nominator15 | nominator16 | nominator2 | nominator3 | nominator4 | nominator5 | nominator6 | nominator7 | nominator8 | nominator9 | nominee | occupation | office | office1 | office10 | office11 | office12 | office13 | office14 | office15 | office16 | office2 | office3 | office4 | office5 | office6 | office7 | office8 | office9 | opponent | order | order1 | order10 | order11 | order12 | order13 | order14 | order15 | order16 | order2 | order3 | order4 | order5 | order6 | order7 | order8 | order9 | otherparty | parents | parliament | parliament1 | parliament10 | parliament11 | parliament12 | parliament13 | parliament14 | parliament15 | parliament16 | parliament2 | parliament3 | parliament4 | parliament5 | parliament6 | parliament7 | parliament8 | parliament9 | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | preceded | preceded1 | preceded10 | preceded11 | preceded12 | preceded13 | preceded14 | preceded15 | preceded16 | preceded2 | preceded3 | preceded4 | preceded5 | preceded6 | preceded7 | preceded8 | preceded9 | preceding | preceding1 | preceding10 | preceding11 | preceding12 | preceding13 | preceding14 | preceding15 | preceding16 | preceding2 | preceding3 | preceding4 | preceding5 | preceding6 | preceding7 | preceding8 | preceding9 | predecessor | predecessor1 | predecessor10 | predecessor11 | predecessor12 | predecessor13 | predecessor14 | predecessor15 | predecessor16 | predecessor2 | predecessor3 | predecessor4 | predecessor5 | predecessor6 | predecessor7 | predecessor8 | predecessor9 | premier | premier1 | premier10 | premier11 | premier12 | premier13 | premier14 | premier15 | premier16 | premier2 | premier3 | premier4 | premier5 | premier6 | premier7 | premier8 | premier9 | president | president1 | president10 | president11 | president12 | president13 | president14 | president15 | president16 | president2 | president3 | president4 | president5 | president6 | president7 | president8 | president9 | primeminister | primeminister1 | primeminister10 | primeminister11 | primeminister12 | primeminister13 | primeminister14 | primeminister15 | primeminister16 | primeminister2 | primeminister3 | primeminister4 | primeminister5 | primeminister6 | primeminister7 | primeminister8 | primeminister9 | prior_term | prior_term1 | prior_term10 | prior_term11 | prior_term12 | prior_term13 | prior_term14 | prior_term15 | prior_term16 | prior_term2 | prior_term3 | prior_term4 | prior_term5 | prior_term6 | prior_term7 | prior_term8 | prior_term9 | profession | pronunciation | rank | relations | relatives | religion | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | riding | riding1 | riding10 | riding11 | riding12 | riding13 | riding14 | riding15 | riding16 | riding2 | riding3 | riding4 | riding5 | riding6 | riding7 | riding8 | riding9 | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | signature | signature_alt | smallimage | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | state | state_assembly | state_assembly1 | state_assembly10 | state_assembly11 | state_assembly12 | state_assembly13 | state_assembly14 | state_assembly15 | state_assembly16 | state_assembly2 | state_assembly3 | state_assembly4 | state_assembly5 | state_assembly6 | state_assembly7 | state_assembly8 | state_assembly9 | state_delegate | state_delegate1 | state_delegate10 | state_delegate11 | state_delegate12 | state_delegate13 | state_delegate14 | state_delegate15 | state_delegate16 | state_delegate2 | state_delegate3 | state_delegate4 | state_delegate5 | state_delegate6 | state_delegate7 | state_delegate8 | state_delegate9 | state_house | state_house1 | state_house10 | state_house11 | state_house12 | state_house13 | state_house14 | state_house15 | state_house16 | state_house2 | state_house3 | state_house4 | state_house5 | state_house6 | state_house7 | state_house8 | state_house9 | state_legislature | state_legislature1 | state_legislature10 | state_legislature11 | state_legislature12 | state_legislature13 | state_legislature14 | state_legislature15 | state_legislature16 | state_legislature2 | state_legislature3 | state_legislature4 | state_legislature5 | state_legislature6 | state_legislature7 | state_legislature8 | state_legislature9 | state_senate | state_senate1 | state_senate10 | state_senate11 | state_senate12 | state_senate13 | state_senate14 | state_senate15 | state_senate16 | state_senate2 | state_senate3 | state_senate4 | state_senate5 | state_senate6 | state_senate7 | state_senate8 | state_senate9 | state1 | state10 | state11 | state12 | state13 | state14 | state15 | state16 | state2 | state3 | state4 | state5 | state6 | state7 | state8 | state9 | succeeded | succeeded1 | succeeded10 | succeeded11 | succeeded12 | succeeded13 | succeeded14 | succeeded15 | succeeded16 | succeeded2 | succeeded3 | succeeded4 | succeeded5 | succeeded6 | succeeded7 | succeeded8 | succeeded9 | succeeding | succeeding1 | succeeding10 | succeeding11 | succeeding12 | succeeding13 | succeeding14 | succeeding15 | succeeding16 | succeeding2 | succeeding3 | succeeding4 | succeeding5 | succeeding6 | succeeding7 | succeeding8 | succeeding9 | successor | successor1 | successor10 | successor11 | successor12 | successor13 | successor14 | successor15 | successor16 | successor2 | successor3 | successor4 | successor5 | successor6 | successor7 | successor8 | successor9 | taoiseach | taoiseach1 | taoiseach10 | taoiseach11 | taoiseach12 | taoiseach13 | taoiseach14 | taoiseach15 | taoiseach16 | taoiseach2 | taoiseach3 | taoiseach4 | taoiseach5 | taoiseach6 | taoiseach7 | taoiseach8 | taoiseach9 | term | term_end | term_end1 | term_end10 | term_end11 | term_end12 | term_end13 | term_end14 | term_end15 | term_end16 | term_end2 | term_end3 | term_end4 | term_end5 | term_end6 | term_end7 | term_end8 | term_end9 | term_label | term_label1 | term_label10 | term_label11 | term_label12 | term_label13 | term_label14 | term_label15 | term_label16 | term_label2 | term_label3 | term_label4 | term_label5 | term_label6 | term_label7 | term_label8 | term_label9 | term_start | term_start1 | term_start10 | term_start11 | term_start12 | term_start13 | term_start14 | term_start15 | term_start16 | term_start2 | term_start3 | term_start4 | term_start5 | term_start6 | term_start7 | term_start8 | term_start9 | term1 | term10 | term11 | term12 | term13 | term14 | term15 | term16 | term2 | term3 | term4 | term5 | term6 | term7 | term8 | term9 | termend | termend1 | termend10 | termend11 | termend12 | termend13 | termend14 | termend15 | termend16 | termend2 | termend3 | termend4 | termend5 | termend6 | termend7 | termend8 | termend9 | termlabel | termlabel1 | termlabel10 | termlabel11 | termlabel12 | termlabel13 | termlabel14 | termlabel15 | termlabel16 | termlabel2 | termlabel3 | termlabel4 | termlabel5 | termlabel6 | termlabel7 | termlabel8 | termlabel9 | termstart | termstart1 | termstart10 | termstart11 | termstart12 | termstart13 | termstart14 | termstart15 | termstart16 | termstart2 | termstart3 | termstart4 | termstart5 | termstart6 | termstart7 | termstart8 | termstart9 | title | title1 | title10 | title11 | title12 | title13 | title14 | title15 | title16 | title2 | title3 | title4 | title5 | title6 | title7 | title8 | title9 | unit | vicegovernor | vicegovernor1 | vicegovernor10 | vicegovernor11 | vicegovernor12 | vicegovernor13 | vicegovernor14 | vicegovernor15 | vicegovernor16 | vicegovernor2 | vicegovernor3 | vicegovernor4 | vicegovernor5 | vicegovernor6 | vicegovernor7 | vicegovernor8 | vicegovernor9 | vicepremier | vicepremier1 | vicepremier10 | vicepremier11 | vicepremier12 | vicepremier13 | vicepremier14 | vicepremier15 | vicepremier16 | vicepremier2 | vicepremier3 | vicepremier4 | vicepremier5 | vicepremier6 | vicepremier7 | vicepremier8 | vicepremier9 | vicepresident | vicepresident1 | vicepresident10 | vicepresident11 | vicepresident12 | vicepresident13 | vicepresident14 | vicepresident15 | vicepresident16 | vicepresident2 | vicepresident3 | vicepresident4 | vicepresident5 | vicepresident6 | vicepresident7 | vicepresident8 | vicepresident9 | viceprimeminister | viceprimeminister1 | viceprimeminister10 | viceprimeminister11 | viceprimeminister12 | viceprimeminister13 | viceprimeminister14 | viceprimeminister15 | viceprimeminister16 | viceprimeminister2 | viceprimeminister3 | viceprimeminister4 | viceprimeminister5 | viceprimeminister6 | viceprimeminister7 | viceprimeminister8 | viceprimeminister9 | website | width | year }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6y0hnls9opiw24mzjhoaoxwr5rddr8f 0 21826 923782 923534 2026-09-30T01:49:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|55|39|N|37|32|E|source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}} [[File:Msk uzao.png|thumb|right|Sooth-Wastren Admeenistrative Okrug on the cairt o Moscow]] [[File:UZAO district of Moscow coa.png|thumb|right|Coat o airms o Sooth-Wastren Admeenistrative Okrug]] '''South-Wastren Admeenistrative Okrug''', or '''Yugo-Zapadny Administrative Okrug''' ({{lang-ru|Юго-Западный административный округ}}, ''Yugo-Zapadny administrativny okrug''), is ane o the ten [[admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow|admeenistrative okrugs]] o [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]]. It wis foondit in 1991 an haes an aurie o {{convert|111.7|km2|sp=us}}. Population: {{ru-census2010prelim|1,366,282|;}} {{ru-census2002|1,179211|.}} The okrug encompasses twal destricts: *[[Akademichesky Destrict|Akademichesky]] *[[Gagarinsky Destrict, Moscow|Gagarinsky]] *[[Zyuzino Destrict|Zyuzino]] *[[Konkovo Destrict|Konkovo]] *[[Kotlovka Destrict|Kotlovka]] *[[Lomonosovsky Destrict, Moscow|Lomonosovsky]] *[[Obruchevsky Destrict|Obruchevsky]] *[[Severnoye Butovo Destrict|Severnoye Butovo]] *[[Tyoply Stan Destrict|Tyoply Stan]] *[[Cheryomushki Destrict|Cheryomushki]] *[[Yuzhnoye Butovo Destrict|Yuzhnoye Butovo]] *[[Yasenevo Destrict|Yasenevo]] ==Economy== [[Gazprom]] an the airline [[Aero Rent]] hae thair heid offices in [[Cheryomushki Destrict]] in the okrug.<ref>"[http://gazprom.com/contacts/ Contacts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715011138/http://www.gazprom.com/contacts/ |date=2015-07-15 }}." [[Gazprom]]. Retrieved on 11 September 2011. "Location: 16 Nametkina St., Moscow, Russian Federation" - [http://gazprom.ru/contacts/ Address in Russian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609114736/http://www.gazprom.com/contacts/ |date=2018-06-09 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.gazprom.com/contacts/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609114736/http://www.gazprom.com/contacts/ |archive-date=2018-06-09 |url-status=bot: unknown}}: "ул. Наметкина, 16, Москва, ГСП-7, 117997"</ref><ref>"[http://www.aerorent.ru/ENG/contacts/ To contact us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508230508/http://www.aerorent.ru/ENG/contacts/ |date=2016-05-08 }}." Aero Rent. Retrieved on 9 September 2011. "Sevastopolsky prospekt, 28/1, Moscow, Russia 117209" - [http://www.aerorent.ru/RUS/contacts/ Address in Russian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219213431/http://www.aerorent.ru/RUS/contacts/ |date=2020-02-19 }}: "117209 г.Москва, Севастопольский проспект, д.28 корпус 1"</ref> [[RusHydro]] haes its heid office in the [[Obruchevsky Destrict]] in the okrug.<ref>"[http://www.eng.rushydro.ru/company/feedback Company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008053127/http://www.eng.rushydro.ru/company/feedback |date=2011-10-08 }}." [[RusHydro]]. Retrieved on 3 November 2011. "51, Arhitektora Vlasova street, Moscow, 117393, Russia" - [http://www.rushydro.ru/company/feedback Address in Russian]: "Адрес для писем: 117393, Москва, ул. Архитектора Власова, д.51"</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://uzao.mos.ru/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330150202/http://uzao.mos.ru/ |date=2010-03-30 }} {{ru icon}} {{Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow}} [[Category:Admeenistrative okrugs o Moscow]] e6h60big78pjrzvyxjdzyk1fgtll245 0 32064 923799 923570 2026-09-30T05:49:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |birth_name=Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin |name = Vladimir Putin |native_name = Владимир Путин |native_name_lang = ru |image = Владимир Путин (08-03-2024) (cropped).jpg |caption = Putin in 2024 |office1 = [[Preses o Roushie]] |primeminister1 = [[Viktor Zubkov]]<br>[[Dmitry Medvedev]] |term_start1 = 7 Mey 2012 |predecessor1 = Dmitry Medvedev |primeminister2 = [[Mikhail Kasyanov]]<br>[[Mikhail Fradkov]]<br>[[Viktor Zubkov]] |term_start2 = 7 Mey 2000 |term_end2 = 7 Mey 2008<br><small>Acting: 31 December 1999 – 7 Mey 2000</small> |predecessor2 = [[Boris Yeltsin]] |successor2 = [[Dmitry Medvedev]] |office3 = [[Prime Meenister o Roushie]] |president3 = [[Dmitry Medvedev]] |deputy3 = [[Igor Shuvalov]] |term_start3 = 8 Mey 2008 |term_end3 = 7 Mey 2012 |predecessor3 = [[Viktor Zubkov]] |successor3 = [[Viktor Zubkov]] |president4 = [[Boris Yeltsin]] |deputy4 = [[Viktor Khristenko]]<br>[[Mikhail Kasyanov]] |term_start4 = 9 August 1999 |term_end4 = 7 Mey 2000<br><small>Acting: 9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999 |predecessor4 = [[Sergei Stepashin]] |successor4 = [[Mikhail Kasyanov]] |office5 = [[Unitit Roushie|Leader o Unitit Roushie]] |term_start5 = 1 Januar 2008 |term_end5 = 30 Mey 2012 |predecessor5 = [[Boris Gryzlov]] |successor5 = [[Dmitry Medvedev]] |office6 = [[Federal Security Service (Roushie)|Director o the Federal Security Service]] |president6 = [[Boris Yeltsin]] |term_start6 = 25 Julie 1998 |term_end6 = 29 Mairch 1999 |predecessor6 = [[Nikolay Kovalyov (politeecian)|Nikolay Kovalyov]] |successor6 = [[Nikolai Patrushev]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|10|7|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Saunt Petersburg|Leningrad]], [[Roushie Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] |party = [[Communist Pairty o the Soviet Union]] <small>(1975-1991)</small><br>[[Oor Hame – Roushie]] <small>(1995–1999)</small><br>[[Unity (Roushie poleetical pairty)|Unity]] <small>(1999–2001)</small><br>[[Independent (politeecian)|Independent]] <small>(1991–1995; 2001–2008)</small><br>[[Unitit Roushie]] <small>(2008–present)</small> |otherparty = [[Fowk's Front for Roushie]] <small>(2011–present)</small> |spouse = {{marriage|[[Lyudmila Putina]]|1983|2013}} |children = Mariya<br>Yekaterina |religion = [[Roushie Orthodoxy]] |alma_mater = [[Saunt Petersburg State Varsity|Leningrad State Varsity]] |signature = Putin signature.svg |website = {{Official website|http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru}} |allegiance = {{USSR}} |branch = [[KGB]] |serviceyears = 1975–1991 |rank = [[Lieutenant Colonel]] |awards = [[File:Orden of Honour.png|40 px|link=Order o Honour (Roushie Federation)]] }} '''Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin''' ({{lang-ru|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин|p=vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn|a=ru-Putin.ogg}}; born 7 October 1952) is a [[Roushie]] politeecian that is [[Leet o Preses o the Roushie Federation|seicont]] [[Preses o Roushie|Preses o the]] [[Roushie]] Federation the nou an wis the [[Prime Meenister o Roushie]], as weel as chairman o [[Unitit Roushie]] an Chairman o the Cooncil o Meenisters o the [[Union State]]. He became [[Preses o Roushie|actin Preses]] on 31 December 1999, whan preses [[Boris Yeltsin]] resigned in a surprisin muive. Putin wan the 2000 presidential election an in 2004 he wis re-elected for a seicont term lastin till 7 Mey 2008. He wis reelect in 2012. For 16 year Putin wis an officer in the [[KGB]], risin tae the rank o [[Podpolkovnik|Lieutenant Colonel]] afore he retired tae enter politics in his native [[Saunt Petersburg]] in 1991. He flittit tae Moscow in 1996 an jyned Preses [[Boris Yeltsin]]'s admeenistration whaur he rose tite, acomin [[Actin Preses o the Roushie Federation|Actin Preses]] on 31 December 1999 whan Yeltsin unexpectit resigned. Putin won the subsequent [[Roushie presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]], despite widespread accusations o vote-riggin,<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/919928.stm</ref> an wis [[Roushie presidential election, 2004|reelectit in 2004]]. Acause o [[Constitution o Roushie|constitutionally mandatit term leemits]], Putin wis ineligible tae run for a third consecutive presidential term in 2008. [[Dmitry Medvedev]] won the [[Roushie presidential election, 2008|2008 presidential election]] an appyntit Putin as [[Prime Meenister o Roushie|Prime Meenister]], beginnin a period o sae-caed [[Duumvirate|"tandemocracy"]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hale|first=Henry E.|author2=Timothy J. Colton|date=8 September 2009|title=Russians and the Putin-Medvedev "Tandemocracy": A Survey-Based Portrait of the 2007–08 Election Season|journal=The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research|publisher=University of Washington|location=Seattle, WA|url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2009_823-03_2_Hale.pdf|accessdate=15 March 2012|archive-date=2012-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609172645/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2009_823-03_2_Hale.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2011, follaein a chynge in the law extendin the presidential term frae fower year tae sax,<ref>Vasilyeva, Natallya. [http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/2012/04/12/337618/Putin-claims.htm "Putin claims to support term limits as he readies to take helm for 3rd time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828204922/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/2012/04/12/337618/Putin-claims.htm |date=2014-08-28 }}, ''[[China Post]]'' (12 April 2012).</ref> Putin annoonced that he wad seek a third, non-consecutive term as Preses in the [[Russian presidential election, 2012|2012 presidential election]], an announcement that led tae [[2011–13 Roushie protests|lairge-scale protests in mony Roushie ceeties]]. In Mairch 2012, he won the election, that wis criticized for procedural irregularities, an is servin a sax-year term.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20120304/171708401.html |title=Putin Hails Vote Victory, Opponents Cry Foul |agency=RIA Novosti |accessdate=22 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731182616/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20120304/171708401.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2012/03/elections-in-russia-world-awaits-for.html|title=Elections in Russia: World Awaits for Putin to Reclaim the Kremlin|date=March 2012|publisher=The World Reporter|accessdate=March 2012|archive-date=2019-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009110037/https://www.theworldreporter.com/2012/03/elections-in-russia-world-awaits-for.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mony o Putin's actions are regardit bi the domestic opposeetion an foreign observers as undemocratic.<ref>{{cite web|author=Treisman, D|title=Is Russia's Experiment with Democracy Over?|url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|publisher=UCLA International Institute|accessdate=31 December 2007|archive-date=2004-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111074502/http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2011 [[Democracy Index]] statit that Roushie wis in "a lang process o regression [that] culminatit in a move frae a hybrid tae an [[authoritarian]] regime" in view o Putin's candidacy an flawed pairlamentary elections.<ref>[[Democracy Index]] 2011, http://www.sida.se/Global/About%20Sida/Så%20arbetar%20vi/EIU_Democracy_Index_Dec2011.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617042553/http://www.sida.se/Global/About%20Sida/S%C3%A5%20arbetar%20vi/EIU_Democracy_Index_Dec2011.pdf |date=2012-06-17 }}</ref> In 2014, Roushie wis temporarily suspendit frae the [[G8]] group as a result o its [[annexation o Crimea]].<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/24/politics/obama-europe-trip/ U.S., other powers kick Russia out of G8], CNN</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-out-of-g8-club-of-rich-countries-2014-3 |title=Russia Temporarily Kicked Out Of G8 Club Of Rich Countries |publisher=Business Insider |date=2013-06-18 |accessdate=2014-03-25}}</ref> During Putin's first premiership an presidency (1999–2008) real incomes in Roushie rose bi a factor o 2.5, while real wages mair nor tripled; unemployment an poverty mair nor halved. Roushies' self-assessed life satisfaction rose signeeficantly an aa.<ref name="challenges_p12">{{cite book|editors=Anders Åslund, Sergei Guriev, Andrew C. Kuchins|title=Russia After the Global Economic Crisis|url=https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu|chapter=Challenges Facing the Russian Economy after the Crisis|last1=Guriev|first1=Sergei|last2=Tsyvinski|first2=Aleh|publisher=Peterson Institute for International Economics; Centre for Strategic and International Studies; New Economic School|year=2010|isbn=9780881324976|pages=[https://archive.org/details/russiaaftergloba00aslu/page/12 12]–13}}</ref> Putin's first presidency wis markit bi heich economic growth: the [[Roushie economy]] grew for aicht year, seein GDP increase bi 72% in [[Purchasing pouer parity|PPP]] (as for nominal GDP, 600%).<ref name="challenges_p12"/><ref name=nbc>{{cite news|title=Russians weigh Putin's protégé|agency=Associated Press|location=Moscow|date=3 May 2008|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24443419/print/1/displaymode/1098/|accessdate=29 December 2008|archive-date=2012-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119131007/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24443419/print/1/displaymode/1098/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=13&sy=1992&ey=2007&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=922&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP&grp=0&a=GDP of Russia from 1992 to 2007] [[International Monetary Fund]]. Retrieved 12 May 2008</ref><ref name=stats>{{cite news |url=http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080301/100381963.html |title=Russia's economy under Vladimir Putin: achievements and failures |agency=RIA Novosti |accessdate=22 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913020517/http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080301/100381963.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=russiaprofile>[http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html Putin's Economy&nbsp;– Eight Years On] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024211354/http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html |date=2011-10-24 }}. Russia Profile, 15 August 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2008</ref> This growth wis a combined result o the [[2000s commodities boom]], heich ile prices, as weel as prudent economic an fiscal policies.<ref>''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by [[Richard Sakwa]], Chapter 9</ref><ref>''Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin'', Yale University Press (2013), by Ben Judah, page 17</ref> As Roushie's preses, Putin an the [[Federal Assembly (Roushie)|Federal Assembly]] passed intae law a flat [[income tax]] o 13%, a reduced profits tax, an new land an legal codes.<ref name=progress>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/06/b99061.html|title=The Putin Paradox|publisher=Americanprogress.org|date=24 June 2004|accessdate=2 March 2010|archive-date=2012-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513113229/http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/06/b99061.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=sharlet>{{cite book|last=Sharlet|first=Robert|title=Developments in Russian Politics|editor=White, Gitelman, Sakwa|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2005|volume=6|chapter=In Search of the Rule of Law|isbn=0-8223-3522-0}}</ref> As Prime Meenister, Putin owersaw lairge-scale [[Roushie militar reform|militar]] an [[Roushie polis reform|polis reform]]. His [[energy policy o Roushie|energy policy]] haes affirmed Roushie's poseetion as an [[energy superpouer]].<ref>[http://www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail&id=860&&prog=zru How Sustainable is Russia's Future as an Energy Superpower?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712025414/http://carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail |date=2016-07-12 }} {{Cite web |url=http://carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712025414/http://carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=eventDetail |archive-date=2016-07-12 |url-status=bot: unknown}}, by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 16 March 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/051302Energy.shtml Russia: The 21st Century's Energy Superpower?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013144848/http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/051302Energy.shtml |date=2006-10-13 }}, by Fiona Hill, The Brookings Institution, 5 October 2002</ref> Putin supportit heich-tech industries lik the [[nuclear pouer in Roushie|nuclear]] an [[defence industry o Roushie|defence industries]]. A rise in foreign investment<ref>[http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/invest/in_inv1.htm ПОСТУПЛЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ ПО ТИПАМ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213073312/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/invest/in_inv1.htm |date=2022-02-13 }} [[Rosstat]]</ref> contreibutit tae a boom in such sectors as the [[automotive industry o Russia|automotive industry]]. Housamever, caipital investment recently dropped 2.5% acause o the crisis in Ukraine accordin tae forecasts bi economists frae the [[IMF]].<ref>{{cite web|title=IMF cuts Russia 2014 growth outlook, cites Ukraine risk|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/30/us-russia-economy-imf-idUSBREA3T07H20140430|website=Reuters|access-date=2015-02-28|archive-date=2015-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214011208/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/30/us-russia-economy-imf-idUSBREA3T07H20140430|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Current G8 Leaders}} {{Current G20 Leaders}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Putin, Vladimir}} [[Category:Vladimir Putin| ]] [[Category:1952 births]] [[Category:2003 Tuzla island conflict]] [[Category:Actin Preses o Roushie]] [[Category:Directors o the Federal Security Service]] [[Category:Eastren Orthodox Christians frae Roushie]] [[Category:FSB officers]] [[Category:Grand Croix o the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Heids o govrenment o the Roushie Federation]] [[Category:Independent politeecians]] [[Category:KGB officers]] [[Category:Kyokushin kaikan practeetioners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Oor Hame – Roushie politeecians]] [[Category:Fowk frae Saunt Petersburg]] [[Category:Fowk o the 2014 Crimean crisis]] [[Category:Fowk o the Chechen wars]] [[Category:Fowk o the Roushie-Georgie War]] [[Category:Plagiarism controversies]] [[Category:Preses o Roushie]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o St. Sava]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Zayed]] [[Category:Roushie judoka]] [[Category:Roushie karateka]] [[Category:Roushie Orthodox Christians]] [[Category:Roushie sambo practeetioners]] [[Category:Saunt Petersburg State Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Unitit Roushie politeecians]] {{Stub/RoushiePoliteecian}} n0zt62hxi23rwvcy4m0eoyz7kx160v5 0 32186 923783 923535 2026-09-30T01:51:32Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = {{raise|0.2em|Sooth Gyeongsang Province}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|경상남도}}}} | native_name_lang = ko | settlement_type = [[Provinces o Sooth Korea|Province]] | translit_lang1 = Korean | translit_lang1_type = Hangul | translit_lang1_info = {{linktext|경|상|남|도}} | translit_lang1_type1 = Hanja | translit_lang1_info1 = {{linktext|慶|尙|南|道}} | translit_lang1_type2 = McCune‑Reischauer | translit_lang1_info2 = Kyŏngsangnam-do | translit_lang1_type3 = Revised&nbsp;Romanization | translit_lang1_info3 = Gyeongsangnam-do | image_blank_emblem = | image_map = South Korea-South Gyeongsang.svg | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Sooth Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = [[Yeongnam]] | seat_type = Caipital | seat = [[Changwon]] | parts_type = Subdiveesions | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = 10 cities; 10 counties | leader_title = Govrenor | leader_name = [[Hong Jun-pyo]] | area_total_km2 = 10,533 | area_rank = 4t | population_footnotes = | population_total = 3,160,154 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_rank = 2nd | population_density_km2 = 300 | demographics_type1 = Metropolitan Seembols | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Flouer | demographics1_info1 = [[Rose]] | demographics1_title2 = Tree | demographics1_info2 = [[Zelkova]] | demographics1_title3 = Bird | demographics1_info3 = [[Heron|White Heron]] | demographics1_title4 = | demographics1_info4 = | demographics1_title5 = | demographics1_info5 = | blank_name_sec1 = Dialect | blank_info_sec1 = [[Gyeongsang dialect|Gyeongsang]] | website = [http://english.gsnd.net/default.jsp gsnd.net] {{en icon}} | footnotes = |image_flag=}} '''Sooth Gyeongsang Province''', or '''''Gyeongsangnam-do''''', is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea|province]] in the sootheast o [[Sooth Korea]]. The provincial caipital is locatit at [[Changwon]]. It contains the major metropolitan centre an port o [[Busan]]. Locatit thare is UNESCO [[Warld Heritage Steid]] [[Haeinsa]], a [[Korean Buddhist temples|Buddhist temple]] that hooses the ''[[Tripitaka Koreana]]'' an attracts mony tourists. Automobile an petrochemical factories are lairgely concentratit alang the soothren pairt o the province, extendin frae [[Ulsan]] throu Busan, Changwon, an [[Jinju]]. ==Admeenistrative diveesions== {{main|Ceeties an Coonties o Gyeongsangnam-do}} Gyeongsangnam-do is dividit intae 8 ceeties (''si'') an 10 coonties (''gun''). The names belaw are gien in Inglis, [[hangul]], an [[hanja]]. ===Ceeties=== {| |valign="top"| *[[Changwon]] (창원시; 昌原市, caipital) *[[Geoje]] (거제시; 巨濟市) *[[Gimhae]] (김해시; 金海市) *[[Jinju]] (진주시; 晉州市) |valign="top"| *[[Miryang]] (밀양시; 密陽市) *[[Sacheon]] (사천시; 泗川市) *[[Tongyeong]] (통영시; 統營市) *[[Yangsan]] (양산시; 梁山市) |} ===Coonties=== {| |valign="top"| *[[Changnyeong]] (창녕군; 昌寧郡) *[[Geochang]] (거창군; 居昌郡) *[[Goseong, Gyeongsangnam-do|Goseong]] (고성군; 固城郡) *[[Hadong]] (하동군; 河東郡) |valign="top"| *[[Haman]] (함안군; 咸安郡) *[[Hapcheon]] (합천군; 陜川郡) *[[Hamyang]] (함양군; 咸陽郡) |valign="top"| *[[Namhae]] (남해군; 南海郡) *[[Sancheong]] (산청군; 山淸郡) *[[Uiryeong]] (의령군; 宜寧郡) |} ==Sister destrict== Roushie: [[Primorsky Krai]],<ref>[http://deita.ru/?news,,,,28295 partnership] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220112014/http://deita.ru/politics/dalnij-vostok_13.11.2004_28295_k-pulikovskij-posetit-juzhnuju-koreju.html |date=2012-02-20 }} {{Cite web |url=http://deita.ru/politics/dalnij-vostok_13.11.2004_28295_k-pulikovskij-posetit-juzhnuju-koreju.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2026-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220112014/http://deita.ru/politics/dalnij-vostok_13.11.2004_28295_k-pulikovskij-posetit-juzhnuju-koreju.html |archive-date=2012-02-20 |url-status=bot: unknown}}{{lang-ru|К. ПУЛИКОВСКИЙ посетит Южную Корею}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Gyeongsangnam-do}} *[http://english.gsnd.net/default.jsp Gyeongsangnam-do English-leid hame page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921110926/http://english.gsnd.net/default.jsp |date=2008-09-21 }} [[Category:Sooth Gyeongsang Province| ]] [[Category:Provinces o Sooth Korea]] 22gck07cuq2ihplj717vt0h3s6oirct 0 32200 923758 923499 2026-09-29T21:03:10Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox historic steid | name = Petra | image = Petra Jordan BW 21.JPG | caption = [[Al Khazneh]] or ''The Treasury'' at Petra | location = [[Ma'an Govrenorate]], [[Jordan]] | coordinates = {{coord|30|19|43|N|35|26|31|E|region:JO-MN_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Jordan | built = 1200 BC<ref name="kinghussein.gov.jo">{{cite web |author=Business Optimization Consultants B.O.C. |url=http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/tourism6d.html |title=Petra |publisher=Kinghussein.gov.jo |date= |accessdate=2011-12-05 |archive-date=2008-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513172116/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/tourism6d.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | elevation = {{convert|810|m|abbr=on|0}} | beginning_label = Settled | beginning_date = 7000 BC<ref name="kinghussein.gov.jo"/> | architect= | architecture= | area = | visitation_num = 580,000 | visitation_year = 2007 | governing_body = Petra Region Authority | designation1 = WHS | designation1_date = 1985 <small>(9t [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])</small> | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = i, iii, iv | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/326 326] | designation1_free1name = State Pairty | designation1_free1value = Jordan | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = [[:en:List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States|Arab States]] | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_date = | designation2_number = | designation3 = | designation3_date = | designation3_free1name = Wabsteid | designation3_free1value = {{URL|http://www.visitpetra.jo|www.visitpetra.jo}} | designation4 = | designation4_date = | designation4_type = }} '''Petra''' ([[Greek leid|Greek]] "πέτρα" (petra), meanin ''stane''; [[Arabic]]: البتراء, ''Al-Batrāʾ'') is a [[History|historical]] an [[Airchaeology|airchaeological]] ceety in the [[Jordan]]ian govrenorate o [[Ma'an Govrenorate|Ma'an]] that is famous for its [[rock cut airchitectur]] an watter conduit seestem. Established sometime aroond the 6t century BC as the caipital ceety o the [[Nabataeans]],<ref name="Jordan Tourism board">[http://www.visitjordan.com/Default.aspx?Tabid=63 Major Attractions: Petra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104133425/http://visitjordan.com/Default.aspx?tabid=63 |date=2016-11-04 }} {{Cite web |url=http://visitjordan.com/Default.aspx?tabid=63 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104133425/http://visitjordan.com/Default.aspx?tabid=63 |archive-date=2016-11-04 |url-status=dead}}, Jordan tourism board</ref> it is a seebol o Jordan as well as its maist visitit tourist attraction.<ref name="Jordan Tourism board" /> It lees on the slope o [[Munt Hor]]<ref name="WebsterNinthNewCollege">Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. “Petra.” ''[[Merriam–Webster's Collegiate Dictionary|Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary]]''. 9th ed. Springfield, Massachusetts: [[Merriam-Webster]] Inc., 1985. ISBN 0-87779-508-8.</ref> in a [[Depression (geology)|basin]] amang the muntains that form the eastren flank o [[Arabah]] (Wadi Araba), the lairge valley runnin frae the [[Deid Sea]] tae the [[Gulf o Aqaba]]. Petra haes been a [[UNESCO]] [[Warld Heritage Steid]] syne 1985. The steid remained unkent tae the [[Wastren warld]] till 1812, when it wis introducit bi [[Swisserland|Swiss]] splorer [[Johann Ludwig Burckhardt]]. It wis describit as "a rose-red ceety hauf as auld as time" in a [[Newdigate Prize]]-winnin poem bi [[John William Burgon]]. UNESCO haes describit it as "ane o the maist precious cultural properties o man's cultural heritage".<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/326.pdf |title=UNESCO advisory body evaluation |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-12-05}}</ref> Petra wis chuisen bi the [[BBC]] as ane o "the 40 places ye hae tae see afore ye dee".<ref>Davey, Steve. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2003/12_december/places_to_see.shtml "Unforgettable Places To See Before You Die"], BBC, 12 December 2003.</ref> == Notes == {{Reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons|Petra}} [[Category:Airchaeological steids in Jordan]] [[Category:Subterranea (geography)]] [[Category:Populatit places alang the Silk Road]] [[Category:Umwhile populatit places in Jordan]] [[Category:Nabataean steids in Jordan]] [[Category:Petra]] [[Category:Pertectit auries established in 1985]] [[Category:Tourism in Jordan]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Jordan]] [[Category:Rock-cut tombs]] [[Category:Cliff dwellins|Petra]] {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Ceity}} g6p6sescncw1bpb7crdzgqrgqeyyu66 0 32812 923761 923503 2026-09-29T21:46:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Province o Reggio Emilia | native_name = | native_name_lang = it<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "it" for Italian --> | settlement_type = [[Provinces o Italy|Province]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_map = Map Province of Reggio Emilia.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Map heichlichtin the location o the province o Reggio Emilia in Italy | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Italy}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = [[Emilia-Romagna]] | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = Caipital(s) | seat = [[Reggio Emilia]] | parts_type = [[Comune|Comuni]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 44 | government_footnotes = | leader_party = [[Democratic Pairty (Italy)|PD]] | leader_title = Preses | leader_name = Sonia Masini | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2293 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 530343 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 42010-42025, 42028, 42030-42035, <br />42037, 42039-42049, 42121-42124 | area_code_type = Telephone prefix | area_code = 0522, 0536 | iso_code = | registration_plate = [[Italian caur number plates|RE]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] | blank_info_sec1 = 035 | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} [[File:Sesso canale reggio emilia.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Typical Emilian kintraside.]] The '''Province o Reggio Emilia''' ({{lang-it|Provincia di Reggio Emilia}}) is ane o the aicht provinces o the Italian Region o [[Emilia-Romagna]]. The caipital ceety, which is the maist densely populatit comune in the Province, is [[Reggio Emilia]]. It haes an aurie o 2,293 km² an, based on the 2010 [[Naitional Institute o Statistics (Italy)|Istituto Nazionale di Statistica]] (Istat) census, it haes a total population o 530,343<ref>http://www.comuni-italiani.it/035/statistiche/ Dati statistici sulla Provincia di Reggio Emilia (Emilia-Romagna), Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref>. There are 44 ''[[comuni]]'' (singular: ''[[comune]]'') in the province<ref>http://www.comuni-italiani.it/035/index.html Provincia di Reggio Emilia (RE) - Regione Emilia-Romagna. Lista dei comuni, Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> [[Rolo, Emilia-Romagna|Rolo]], the smawest commune in the Province bi aurie, is the commune fairthest tae the East. [[Collagna]] is the commune farthest tae the wast. The border touns o the Province are [[Ligonchio]], which is the smawest commune bi population, tae the sooth an [[Luzzara]] in the north. Luzzara is the seicont lairgest commune in [[Emilia-Romagna]] an haes the heichest number o foreign naitionals in the region.<ref>http://www.comuni-italiani.it/035/statistiche/ Dati statistici sulla Provincia di Reggio Emilia (Emilia-Romagna), Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> The Province is hame tae the historical [[Canossa Castle]], property o the coontess [[Matilda o Tuscany|Matilde]]; it is whaur the famous [[Walk tae Canossa]] o [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] occurred. Representatives o the free municipalities o Reggio, Modena, Bologna an Ferrara met in Reggio Emilia's [[Sala del Tricolore (Reggio Emilia)|Sala del Tricolore]] in 1797 tae proclaim the [[Repubblica Cispadana]], adoptin the three colour green-white-red flag tae represent their newly formit Republic; it wis later adoptit in 1848 as the naitional flag.<ref>http://www.municipio.re.it/iat/iatre.nsf/schede/C477FAF485CE2140C125695100551CF5?OpenDocument&lng=eng {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813235302/http://www.municipio.re.it/IAT/iatre.nsf/schede/C477FAF485CE2140C125695100551CF5?OpenDocument&lng=eng |date=2011-08-13 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.municipio.re.it/IAT/iatre.nsf/schede/C477FAF485CE2140C125695100551CF5?OpenDocument&lng=eng |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813235302/http://www.municipio.re.it/IAT/iatre.nsf/schede/C477FAF485CE2140C125695100551CF5?OpenDocument&lng=eng |archive-date=2011-08-13 |url-status=dead}} Official Tourist Information Site of the Municipality of Reggio Emilia, Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> == Education == Fower faculties o the [[University o Modena an Reggio Emilia]] are locatit in Reggio Emilia. The Faculty of Engineering and Agriculture wis established in Reggio Emilia in 1998, follaeed bi the Faculties of Communication Sciences and of Education Sciences.<ref>http://www.international.unimore.it/History.html University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Brief History of the University, Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> It is hame tae the [[Orto Botanico dell'Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia]]<ref>http://www.ortobot.unimore.it/informazioni.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022941/http://www.ortobot.unimore.it/informazioni.htm |date=2011-07-17 }} L’Orto Botanico dell'Ateneo di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> The [[Reggio Emilia approach]] tae preschuil education wis stairtit bi the schuils o Reggio Emilia efter World War II an it's well-kent aw ower the warld, being ane o the maist advancit seestems at present times. It is based an inspired on theories o Malaguzzi, Bruner, Vygotsky, Dewey, Piaget an Gardner. [[Reggio Emilia]] helds the International Childhood Centre [[Loris Malaguzzi]], a modren structur whaur the [[Reggio Emilia approach]] is implementit, exportit an spread aroond the warld. <ref>http://www.reggioemiliaapproach.net/about.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225174447/http://www.reggioemiliaapproach.net/about.php |date=2012-02-25 }} Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> == Sports == Wi sports arenas includin the [[Stadio Giglio]] an [[Palabigi]], Reggio Emilia is hame tae the basketbaw team [[Pallacanestro Reggiana]].<ref>http://www.pallacanestroreggiana.it/ Pallacanestro Reggiana Official Site, Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> The [[Camparini Gioielli Cup]] is a yearly challenger-level tennis tournament played on clay in Reggio Emilia.<ref>http://www.tennisinsight.com/tournamentid16258.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930061644/http://www.tennisinsight.com/tournamentid16258.htm |date=2011-09-30 }} TennisChallenger.net Camparini Gioielli Cup (Reggio Emilia Challenger) Information, Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> [[A.C. Reggiana 1919]] is the historical soccer team o [[Reggio Emilia]], at the moments plays in the third naitional soccer league [[Prima Divisione]].[[Stadio Giglio]] (actual attendance is 29.650) is the hame play grund for the team.<ref>http://www.soccerway.com/teams/italy/ac-reggiana-1919/ Soccerway.com Information, Accessed 10 July 2011.</ref> == See an aw == * [[Comuni o the Province o Reggio Emilia]] * [[Reggio Emilia chess tournament]] * [[University o Modena an Reggio Emilia]] * [[Pallacanestro Reggiana]] * [[Palabigi]] * [[Stadio Giglio]] * [[Reggio Emilia approach]] * [[A.C. Reggiana 1919]] * [[Art Collection of the Pietro Manodori Foundation of the Cassa di Risparmio di Reggio Emilia]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.provincia.re.it/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Emilia-Romagna}} {{Province o Reggio Emilia|nocat=yes}} [[Category:Province o Reggio Emilia| ]] [[Category:Provinces o Italy|Reggio Emilia]] 557wxzm8450eatzmg4tta1r3ftldyuz 0 33423 923739 635948 2026-09-29T16:38:27Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |Art = Stadt |image_photo = Mannheim.jpg |imagesize = <!-- Photo size. Default is 268px --> |image_caption = View of Mannheim's Centre |Wappen = Wappen Mannheim.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|29|20|N|8|28|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |Lageplan = Baden-Württemberg MA.svg |Lageplanbeschreibung = Location o Mannheim in Baden-Württemberg |Bundesland = Baden-Württemberg |Regierungsbezirk = Karlsruhe |Landkreis = urban destrict |Höhe = 97 |Fläche = 144.96 |Einwohner = 311142 <!-- Quelle: Statistisches Landesamt B-W. http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/Veroeffentl/Statistische_Berichte/3126_08001.pdf --> |Stand = 2008-12-31 |PLZ = 68001–68309 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08222000 |Vorwahl = 0621 |Kfz = MA |Website = [http://www.mannheim.de/ www.mannheim.de] |Bürgermeister = Peter Kurz |Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor |Partei = SPD }} [[File:Mannheimer Wasserturm RG.jpg|thumb|upright|Wasserturm ''(water tower)'', Mannheim's landmark]] {{Location mark | image = Neckar watershed closer.gif | caption = Mannheim on the Rhine and Neckar rivers | type = thumb | x = 296 | y = 195 }} {{Audio|Mannheim.ogg|'''Mannheim'''}} is a [[ceety]] in soothwastren [[Germany]]. Wi aboot 315,000 indwallers, Mannheim is the seicont-lairgest ceety in the Bundesland o [[Baden-Württemberg]], follaein the [[caipital ceety]] o [[Stuttgart]]. Mannheim is locatit at the confluence o the [[River Rhine]] an the [[Neckar|River Neckar]] in the northwastren corner o Baden-Württemberg. The Rhine separates Mannheim frae the ceety o [[Ludwigshafen]], juist tae the wast o it in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. The border o Baden-Württemberg wi the Bundesland o [[Hesse]] is juist north o Mannheim, an Mannheim is juist dounstream alang the Neckar frae the ceety o [[Heidelberg]]. Mannheim is the lairgest ceety o the [[Rhine-Neckar]] aurie, a metropolitan aurie wi aboot 2.4 million indwallers. ==Internaitional relations== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Germany}} ===Twin towns – Sister ceeties=== Mannheim is [[town twinnin|twinned]] wi: {|class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | * {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Bydgoszcz]], [[Poland]] * {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chişinău]], [[Moldovae]] * {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Haifa]], [[Israel]] * {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Klaipėda]], [[Lithuanie]] || * {{Flagicon|Wales}} [[Swansea]], [[Wales]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Swansea - Wales :Mannheim.de |url=http://www.mannheim.de/stadt-gestalten/swansea-wales |accessdate=1 March 2011 |year=2010 |publisher=Mannheim City |work=Mannheim City website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011140/https://www.mannheim.de/stadt-gestalten/swansea-wales |archive-date=2013-11-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|France}} [[Toulon]], [[Fraunce]] * {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], [[Canadae]] * {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhenjiang]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== {{Commons|Mannheim}} * [http://www.mannheim.de Offeecial page o Mannheim] {{Germany tourism Heidelberg aurie}} {{Ceeties in Germany}} {{Germany destricts Baden-Württemberg}} [[Category:Mannheim| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in Baden-Württemberg]] [[Category:Electoral Palatinate]] [[Category:Historic Jewish commonties]] [[Category:Karlsruhe (region)]] [[Category:Populatit places on the Rhine]] [[Category:Turkis commonties in Germany]] 0udv9fjqgao3csh507iangkacuz25mn 0 35024 923790 923546 2026-09-30T03:30:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums --> | Name = The Jester Race | Type = studio | Artist = [[In Flames]] | Cover = | Released = 20 Februar [[1996]]<ref>[http://metal-archives.com/release.php?id=187 "In Flames - The Jester Race"]. [[Encyclopaedia Metallum|Metal Archives]]. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</ref> | Recorded = November 1995<br />([[Studio Fredman]]) | Genre = [[Melodic daith metal]] | Length = 40:12, 54:45 <small>(2002 an 2008 reissue)</small> | Label = [[Nuclear Blast]] | Producer = [[Fredrik Nordström]]<br />[[In Flames]] | Last album = ''[[Subterranean (EP)|Subterranean]]''<br />(1994) | This album = '''''The Jester Race'''''<br />(1996) | Next album = ''[[Black-Ash Inheritance]]''<br />(1997) }} {{Album ratings | rev1 = [[Allmusic]] | rev1Score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r246998|pure_url=yes}} "Jester Race - In Flames"]. Allmusic. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</ref> | rev2 = [[Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)|Chronicles of Chaos]] | rev2Score = {{rating|8|10}}<ref>[http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/reviews/albums/2-186_in_flames_the_jester_race.aspx "In Flames - The Jester Race"]. Chronicles of Chaos. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</ref> }} '''''The Jester Race''''' is the seicond album bi the [[melodic daith metal]] baund [[In Flames]]. It is the first album tae featur [[Anders Fridén]] as the baund's vocalist an [[Björn Gelotte]] as the drummer. A video for the sang "Artifacts of the Black Rain" wis released an aw. It wis the first album tae featur the ''Jesterhead'', the baund's mascot an aw. Efter releasin ''The Jester Race'', the baund then toured wi [[Samael (baund)|Samael]], [[Grip Inc.]] an [[Kreator]].<ref>[http://www.inflames.com/biography/default.asp &#91;4&#93;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212061926/http://www.inflames.com/biography/default.asp |date=2005-12-12 }}</ref> The album wis the baund's seicont full-length album released follaein the mair mainstream success o the 1994 EP, ''[[Subterranean (EP)|Subterranean]]''. ''The Jester Race'' wis recordit at [[Studio Fredman]] bi [[Fredrik Nordström]], who contributit keybuirds for the album an aw. ''The Jester Race'' is considered ane o the greatest metal albums o aw time. It rankit #79 on the wabsteid Metal Rules' leet o 100 Greatest Metal Albums.<ref>[http://www.metal-rules.com/polls/index.php?id=6 "The Top 100 Heavy Metal Albums"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629154729/http://www.metal-rules.com/polls/index.php?id=6 |date=2011-06-29 }}. [[Metal Rules|Metal-Rules]]. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</ref> It is considered a classic album o the [[Melodic daith metal|Gothenburg]] style o metal an aw,<ref>[http://www.bnrmetal.com/v3/band/band/InFl "In Flames"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308032834/http://www.bnrmetal.com/v3/band/band/InFl |date=2012-03-08 }}. BNR Metal, Version 3. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</ref> alang wit [[At the Gates]]' ''[[Slaughter of the Soul]]'' an [[Dark Tranquillity]]'s ''[[The Gallery (album)|The Gallery]]'',<ref>[http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/melodicdeathmetalprofile.htm "Melodic Death Metal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202223443/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/melodicdeathmetalprofile.htm |date=2017-02-02 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-melodic-death-metal-1756186 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322024049/https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-melodic-death-metal-1756186 |archive-date=2022-03-22 |url-status=dead}}. [[About.com]]. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</ref> exhibitin the dual guitar leads, groult vocals an acoustic sections typical o the genre. ==Track leetin== {{tracklist | title1 = Moonshield | length1 = 5:02 | title2 = The Jester's Dance | note2 = Instrumental | length2 = 2:09 | title3 = Artifacts of the Black Rain | length3 = 3:15 | title4 = Graveland | length4 = 2:47 | title5 = Lord Hypnos | length5 = 4:01 | title6 = Dead Eternity | length6 = 5:02 | title7 = The Jester Race | length7 = 4:51 | title8 = December Flower | length8 = 4:11 | title9 = Wayfaerer | note9 = Instrumental | length9 = 4:41 | title10 = Dead God in Me | length10 = 4:16 }} ===Bonus tracks=== {{tracklist | headline = 2002 and 2008 re-releases | title11 = Goliaths Disarm Their Davids | length11 = 4:55 | title12 = Gyroscope | length12 = 3:23 | title13 = Acoustic Medley | length13 = 2:32 | title14 = Behind Space | length14 = 3:36 | note14 = live }} :''These tracks are from the [[Black-Ash Inheritance]] MCD.'' {{tracklist | headline = Japanese Edition | title12 = Dead Eternity | note12 = demo | length12 = 5:02 | title13 = The Inborn Lifeless | note13 = demo | length13 = 3:22 }} :''These tracks are from the 2007 re-release of the [[Subterranean]] EP.'' ==Personnel== ===In Flames<ref>[http://i120.photobucket.com/albums/o194/ryetallica/Jester%20Race%20Thumbnails/The%20Jester%20Race/TJR-11b.jpg "TJR-11b.jpg (1024×908)"]. [[Photobucket]]. Retrieved January 2, 2012.</ref>=== *[[Anders Fridén]] − vocals *[[Jesper Strömblad]] − [[lead guitar]]s, [[acoustic guitars]] & [[Electric keyboard|keyboards]] *[[Glenn Ljungström]] − lead guitars *[[Johan Larsson]] − [[bass guitar|bass]] & [[backin vocalist|backin vocals]] *[[Björn Gelotte]] − [[drum kit|drums]] & lead guitars ===Guest appearances=== *[[Fredrik Nordström]] − [[Keybuird instrument|keybuirds]] *[[Oscar Dronjak]] − vocal appearance on ''Dead Eternity'' *[[Fredrik Johansson (guitarist)|Fredrik Johansson]] − lead guitar on ''December Flower'' *Kasper Dahlqvist − keybuirds on ''Wayfaerer'' ===Production an composition=== *Produced by [[Fredrik Nordström]] an [[In Flames]]. *Leerical concept an sang titles collaboratit bi [[Niklas Sundin]] an [[Anders Fridén]]. *Leerics on ''Dead Eternity'' bi Jocke Göthberg. *Ingineered bi [[Fredrik Nordström]] an Patrik Hellgren. *Mastered bi Staffan Olofsson. *Logo bi [[Glenn Ljungström]]. *Airtwirk bi Andreas Marschall. *Photos bi [[Kenneth Johansson]]. *Layoot bi M&A Music art. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://inflames.com/releases/albums/the_jester_race/default.asp ''The Jester Race'' album details] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108091515/http://www.inflames.com/releases/albums/the_jester_race/default.asp |date=2006-11-08 }} *[http://inflames.com/releases/albums/the_jester_race/info.html ''The Jester Race'' information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018233331/http://www.inflames.com/releases/albums/the_jester_race/info.html |date=2006-10-18 }} {{In Flames}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jester Race, The}} [[Category:In Flames albums]] [[Category:1996 albums]] [[Category:Nuclear Blast albums]] negoga56pmv3dxk7dlsiebenl5asx1u 0 38402 923765 923293 2026-09-29T23:07:01Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed reference 923765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zabadani Destrict''' or ''az-Zabadan'' ({{lang-ar|'''منطقة الزبداني'''}}) is a [[destrict]] ([[mantiqah]]) o the [[Rif Dimashq Govrenorate]] in [[Syrie]]. At the 2004 official census, the destrict haed a population o 63,780.<ref name=population>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbssyr.org/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf|title=2004official census|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310211017if_/http://www.cbssyr.org/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The centre o the destrict is the city o [[Zabadani]]. Till Februar 2009, the sub-destricts o [[Ayn al-Fijeh]] an [[Al-Dimas]] wur pairt o the Zabadani destrict afore bein incorporatit tae form the newly established [[Qudsaya Destrict|destrict o Qudsaya]].{{citation needed|date=September 2026}} The toun-resort o [[Bloudan]] whilk is locatit in the Zabadani destrict, is amang the maist likit tourist destinations amang locals an foreigners. ==Divisions== The destrict o Zabadani is dealt intae three sub-destricts or [[Nahiya|Nāḥiyas]] (population accordin tae 2004 official census<ref name=population/>): *[[Zabadani]] nahiyah (ناحية الزبداني): population 40,613. *[[Madaya, irie|Madaya]] nahiyah (ناحية مضايا): population 13,692. *[[Sirghaya]] nahiyah (ناحية سرغايا): population 9,475. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Sirie-destricts|Rif Dimashq=yes}} {{Coord|33|43|N|36|5|E|type:adm2nd_region:SY|display=title}} [[Category:Zabadani Destrict]] szxddmrddy2ogxxgqhpazlqvl5o7zs4 0 41286 923753 923491 2026-09-29T20:17:31Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Organisit crime''' or '''creeminal organisations''' are [[transnaitionality|transnational]], naitional, or local groupins o heichlie centralisit enterprises run bi [[crime|creeminal]]s for the purpose o engagin in illegal activity, maist commonly for [[money|monetary]] [[Profit (economics)|profit]]. Some creeminal organisations, sic as [[terrorism|terrorist organisation]]s, are poleetically motivatit. Whiles creeminal organisations force fowk tae dae business wi them, as when a gang extorts money frae shopkeepers for sae-cried "protection".<ref>Macionis, Gerber, John, Linda (2010). Sociology 7th Canadian Ed. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Canada Inc.. pp. 206.</ref> [[Gang]]s mey acome disciplined enough tae be considered ''organisit''. An organisit gang or creeminal set can be referred tae as a '''mob''' an aw.<ref name="test">[http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mob?q=mob] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407060309/https://languages.oup.com/ |date=2020-04-07 }} {{Cite web |url=https://languages.oup.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407060309/https://languages.oup.com/ |archive-date=2020-04-07 |url-status=bot: unknown}}, Definition of Mob in the Oxford Dictionary online, see meaning 2.</ref> In the [[Unitit States]], the ''[[Organized Crime Control Act]]'' (1970) defines organisit crime as "The unlawful activities o [...] a heichlie organisit, disciplined association [...]".<ref>[http://www.atf.gov/pub/fire-explo_pub/xcomplete.htm ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017144515/http://www.atf.gov/pub/fire-explo_pub/xcomplete.htm |date=2008-10-17 }}</ref> Creeminal activity as a structured group is referred tae as [[Racket (creeme)|racketeerin]] an sic creeme is commonly referred tae as the wirk o the ''Mob''. In the UK, polis estimate organisit creeme involves up tae 38,000 fowk operatin in 6,000 various groups.<ref>Dominic Casciani, [[BBC News]] home affairs correspondent: 28 July 2011 ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14318162 Criminal assets worth record £1bn seized by police]''</ref> ==Fuitnotes== {{reflist|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Organized Crime}} [[Category:Wrangous thrift]] [[Category:Social issues]] [[Category:Organisit crime| ]] 8xombe31743uft9iqxhx4dc0k7uj255 0 41562 923724 909663 2026-09-29T13:55:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox serial killer | name=Kimberly Clark Saenz | image= | image_size= 175 | caption= | birthname= | alias= Kimberly Clark Fowler | date_of_birth_date= {{Birth date and age|1974}} | place_of_birth_date= [[Fall River, Massachusetts]] | occupation= Umwhile [[Nurse]] | children= 2 | birth_place= | victims= Five confirmit | country= [[Unitit States]] | states= [[Texas]] | endyear= 2008 | apprehended= 2008 | charge= [[First-degree murther]] | penalty= [[Life impreesonment]] | status= [[Impreesoned]] }} '''Kimberly Clark Saenz''', (born 3 November 1973)<ref>http://www.texastribune.org/library/data/texas-prisons/inmates/kimberly-saenz/345403{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kent as '''Kimberly Clark Fowler''' an aw, is a [[Conviction|convictit]] [[serial killer]].<ref name="KSLA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ksla.com/story/17311211/sentencing-for-saenz-begins-with-light-shed-on-domestic-issues |title=KSLA: Jury hands down life sentence for Kim Saenz |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-date=2012-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502225503/http://www.ksla.com/story/17311211/sentencing-for-saenz-begins-with-light-shed-on-domestic-issues |url-status=dead }}</ref> She wis implicatit in the daiths o several patients at a Texas [[dialysis]] centre. The patients are thocht tae hae been injectit wi bleach which Saenz is allegit tae hae drawn up intae syringes an injectit intae the patients' dialysis lines. ==Description== Saenz description at the time o her [[incarceration]] in 2012:<ref name="Mugshot" /> *Age: 38 (date of mugshot) *Race: White *Ethnicity: Nan Hispanic *Gender: Female *Hicht: 5 Ft. 3 In. *Wicht: 180 Lbs. *Ee Colour: Broun *Hair Colour: Broun ==Backgrund== In 2008, at the time o the [[murther]]s, Kimberly Clark Saenz wis a 34-year auld [[licensed practical nourice]].<ref name="KIMATV">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kimatv.com/news/national/Nurses-bleach-injection-deaths-trial-begins-141467493.html |title=Nurse's bleach injection deaths trial begins |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013945/http://www.kimatv.com/news/national/Nurses-bleach-injection-deaths-trial-begins-141467493.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saenz wis marriet wi twa young childer. Saenz suffered frae [[substance dependence]] an uised stolen [[prescription medication]].<ref name="KIMATV" /> Saenz haed been fired at least fower-times frae [[health care]] [[Job (role)|jobs]] an placit [[disinformation]] on an [[application for employment]] an socht a health care job in violation o the terms o her [[bail]].<ref name="KIMATV" /> ==Texas District Court== On 31 Mairch 2012, in [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas|Texas District Court]] Kimberly Clark Saenz a [[Nouricin|nourice]] wis foond guilty o the 2008 [[murther]]s o five [[kidney]] [[dialysis]] [[patient]]s an injurin five ither patients.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/02/justice/texas-bleach-deaths/ CNN: Woman convicted of killing patients with bleach awaits fate]</ref><ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/nurse-convicted-bleach-killings-awaits-fate-16052740 ABC: Ex-Nurse Convicted of Bleach Killings Awaits Fate]</ref> On 2 Aprile 2012, the [[Angelina Coonty, Texas|Angelina Coonty]] [[jury]] [[Sentence (law)|sentencit]] Saenz tae [[Life impreesonment in the Unitit States|life impreesonment]] wi nae eligibility for [[parole]] an three 20-year sentences for [[aggravatit assault]].<ref name="KSLA" /> The five murther victims wur: Clara Strange, Thelma Metcalf, Garlin Kelley, Cora Bryant an Opal Few.<ref>[http://lufkindailynews.com/news/local/article_f7afb142-7ad9-11e1-90d7-001a4bcf887a.html Lufkin Daily News: Angelina County jury finds Saenz guilty of killing patients at DaVita by injecting dialysis lines with bleach]</ref> The twa [[witness|eyewitness]] accoonts o Linda Hall an Leraline Hamilton confirmit that on 28 Aprile 2008, Saenz drew [[sodium hypochlorite]], commonly kent as [[bleach]], intae [[syringe]]s an injectit the substance intae twa patients dialysis lines at the dialysis clinic awned bi [[DaVita]] in [[Lufkin, Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lufkindailynews.com/news/local/article_49dde116-7a15-11e1-8719-001a4bcf887a.html |title=Lufkin News: Deliberations to continue today in Saenz murder trial |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404162121/http://lufkindailynews.com/news/local/article_49dde116-7a15-11e1-8719-001a4bcf887a.html |archive-date=2012-04-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Food and Drug Administration]] prepared a document confirmin that samples linkit tae some victims testit positive for bleach while ithers showed bleach "mey hae been present at ane time."<ref name="KIMATV" /> Lufkin law enforcement officers testifee'd at the trial that thay [[arrest]]it Saenz for [[public intoxication]] an creeminal [[trespass]].<ref name="Age">[http://www.theage.com.au/world/us-nurse-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-over-bleach-deaths-20120403-1w9nf.html#ixzz1rMAiAm36 The Age: US nurse sentenced to life in prison over bleach deaths]</ref> Thir incidents relatit tae the [[Domestic violence|domestic disturbances]] wi her [[husband]], Mark Kevin Saenz.<ref name="Age" /> The husband haed filed for [[divorce]] an haed obtained a [[restrainin order]] against Saenz in Juin 2007, juist ane year afore the clinic daiths and illnesses.<ref name="Age" /> The trial records reflectit that prior tae wirkin at DaVita, Saenz wis fired fae [[Woodland Heights, Houston|Woodland Heights hospital]] for stealin [[Demerol]], which wis foond in her [[haundbag]].<ref>[http://lufkindailynews.com/news/local/article_df1a2c38-7d00-11e1-9b9c-0019bb2963f4.html Lufkin Daily News: Jury sentences Saenz to life in prison for killing patients with bleach]</ref> Saenz wis fired frae DaVita in Aprile 2008 efter the numerous [[daith]]s at the clinic. Saenz nursin licence eventually wis suspendit. Saenz then applee'd tae wirk as a [[receptionist]] in a Lufkin medical office an lee'd on her job application aboot previous employment.<ref name="Age" /> At the [[victim impact statement]] portion o the trial the dochter o victim Thelma Metcalf tauld Saenz, “You are nothing more than a [[psychopathic]] serial killer. I hope you burn in [[hell]]”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nurseslabs.com/nurse-sentenced-to-life-for-killing-patients-by-injecting-them-with-bleach/ |title=Nurses Labs: Nurse sentenced to life for killing patients by injecting them with bleach |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-date=2013-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323093325/http://nurseslabs.com/nurse-sentenced-to-life-for-killing-patients-by-injecting-them-with-bleach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[prosecutor]], Clyde Herrington, believit thare wur mair victims than juist the ten indictit cases, based on the research o the [[Epidemiology|epidemiologist]] frae the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref name="Lufkin">[http://lufkindailynews.com/news/local/article_ee34960c-811c-11e1-ba1d-0019bb2963f4.html Lufkin Daily News: The day Kimberly Saenz got caught]</ref> The epidemiologist statistically connected Saenz tae ither adverse health events tae patients.<ref name="Lufkin" /> Lufkin Polis detectives coud anerlie obtain [[medical waste]] frae twa weeks prior tae 28 Aprile 2008, sae thare wis inadequate evidence tae raise further [[indictment]]s against Saenz in the ither incidents.<ref name="Lufkin" /> ==Court o Appeal o Texas== Saenz defence team is plannin tae file an appeal tae the [[:en:Texas Courts of Appeals|Twalt Court o Appeal o Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kltv.com/story/17311211/sentencing-for-saenz-begins-with-light-shed-on-domestic-issues |title=KLTV: Jury hands down life sentence for Kim Saenz |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-date=2012-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609170928/http://www.kltv.com/story/17311211/sentencing-for-saenz-begins-with-light-shed-on-domestic-issues |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://lufkindailynews.com/news/local/article_3fca083a-7ecf-11e1-94a7-001a4bcf887a.html Lufkin Daily News: Serial killer Saenz appeals conviction]</ref> ==See an aw== *[[Medical law]] *[[Medical malpractice]] *[[Never events]] *[[Patient abuis]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saenz, Kimberly Clark}} [[Category:1973 births]] [[Category:2008 murthers in the Unitit States]] [[Category:American nourices]] [[Category:American fowk convictit o assault]] [[Category:American serial killers]] [[Category:Female serial killers]] [[Category:American female murtherers]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Nourices convictit o killin patients]] [[Category:Fowk convictit o murther bi Texas]] [[Category:Fowk frae Lufkin, Texas]] [[Category:Pushioners]] [[Category:Preesoners sentencit tae life impreesonment bi Texas]] 5r7c2osyp0klw50yle59iaiw17lvhkt 0 44093 923742 923463 2026-09-29T16:53:02Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox tennis biography |name=Maria Sharapova <!-- PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO PLACE THE RELATED DATE IN THE "UPDATED" PARAMETER BELOW AFTER EACH UPDATE, THANKS --> |nickname=Masha([[Diminutive#Roushie|diminutive]]) |image=Maria Sharapova, December 2008.jpg |image_size= 200px |caption= |country={{flag|Roushie}} |residence=[[Bradenton, Florida]], <br>[[United States]] |birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|4|19}} |birth_place=[[Nyagan]], [[Roushie SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] |height=<!-- UNSOURCED CHANGES TO THIS WILL BE REMOVED -->.88 m (6 ft 2 in)<ref name="wtatennis">{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/page/Player/Stats/0,,12781~9499,00.html|title=WTA &#124; Players &#124; Stats &#124; Maria Sharapova|publisher=Wtatennis.com|accessdate=January 25, 2012}}</ref> |weight=<!-- UNSOURCED CHANGES TO THIS WILL BE REMOVED -->{{convert|59|kg|lb}}<ref name="wtatennis"/> |turnedpro=19 Aprile 2001 |retired= |plays=Richt-haundit (twa-haundit backhaund) |careerprizemoney=[[Unitit States dollar|$]]23,151,623<ref>WTA Official Site: [http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Rankings_Stats/Millionaires.pdf WTA Million Dollar Club]. Retrieved October 8, 2012.</ref> *<small>[[WTA Tour records#WTA Prize money leaders|4t in aw-time rankins]]</small> |singlesrecord= 472–115 (80.41%) |singlestitles=27 WTA, 4 ITF |highestsinglesranking=No. '''1''' (22 August 2005) |currentsinglesranking=No. 180 (Julie 3, 2017) |AustralianOpenresult='''W''' ([[:en:2008 Australian Open – Women's Singles|2008]]) |FrenchOpenresult='''W''' ([[:en:2012 French Open – Women's Singles|2012]]) |Wimbledonresult='''W''' ([[:en:2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles|2004]]) |USOpenresult='''W''' ([[:en:2006 US Open – Women's Singles|2006]]) |Othertournaments=Yes |WTAChampionshipsresult='''W''' ([[:en:2004 WTA Tour Championships - Singles|2004]]) |Olympicsresult = [[Image:Silver medal.svg|20px]] [[Olympic medal|Siller medal]] ([[:en:Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles|2012]]) |doublesrecord=23–17 |doublestitles=3 WTA |highestdoublesranking=No. 41 (14 Juin 2004) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult= 2R (2003, 2004) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult= |WimbledonDoublesresult= |USOpenDoublesresult= 2R (2003) |updated=December 31, 2012 }} {{MedalTop}} {{MedalSport | Weemen's [[:en:Tennis at the Summer Olympics|tennis]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{flag|Roushie}}}} {{MedalSilver | [[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]] | [[:en:Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Singles]]}} {{MedalBottom}} '''Maria Yuryevna Sharapova''' ({{lang-rus|Мари́я Ю́рьевна Шара́пова|p=mɐˈrʲijə ˈjʉrʲjɪvnə ʂɐˈrapəvə|a=Maria_sharapova.ogg}}; born 19 April 1987) is a [[Roushies|Roushie]] professional [[tennis]] player, that is rankit warld No. 180 bi the [[Weemen's Tennis Association]] (WTA). A [[Permanent residence (United States)|United States resident]] syne 1994,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/usopen/8728691/US-Open-2011-Elena-Baltacha-warns-Heather-Watson-of-the-extreme-intensity-of-Maria-Sharapova.html|title=US Open 2011: Elena Baltacha warns Heather Watson of the extreme intensity of Maria Sharapova|work=The Telegraph|author=Simon Briggs|date=August 28, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova haes competit on the WTA tour syne 2001. She haes been rankit [[List of WTA number 1 ranked players|warld No. 1]] in singles bi the WTA on five separate occasions, for a tot o 21 weeks. She is ane o ten weemen, an the ae Roushie, tae haud the [[Grand Slam (tennis)#Career Grand Slam|career Grand Slam]] an is an [[Olympic medalist]], haein earnt [[Olympic silver medal|silver]] for Roushie in [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics - Weemen's singles|weemen's singles]] at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] in [[Lunnon]]. Sharapova became the warld No. 1 for the first time on August 22, 2005 at the age o 18, an last haudit the rankin for the fift time for fower week frae 11 Juin 2012 til 8 Julie 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Archive/Notes&Netcords/2012/july16.pdf|title=Notes& Netcords|date=July 16, 2012|publisher=WTA|accessdate=May 19, 2013|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Maria-Sharapova-reclaims-world-number-one-ranking/tabid/415/articleID/257186/Default.aspx|title=Maria Sharapova reclaims world number one ranking|publisher=MediaWorks TV|work=3News|date=June 8, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728161149/http://www.3news.co.nz/Maria-Sharapova-reclaims-world-number-one-ranking/tabid/415/articleID/257186/Default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her 35 singles titles an five [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] titles — twa at the [[French Open]] an ane ilka at the [[Australian Open]], [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] an the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] — rank third amang active players, ahint [[Serena Williams|Serena]] an [[Venus Williams]]. She won the year-endin [[WTA Finals]] in her debut in 2004. She haes won three doubles titles anaa. Despite an injury-prone career, Sharapova haes achieved a rare level o longevity in the weemen’s gemme. She haes won at least ane singles title a year frae 2003 until 2015, a streak anly bested bi [[Steffi Graf]], [[Martina Navratilova]] an [[Chris Evert]]. Several tennis pundits an umwhile players hae cried Sharapova ane o tennis’s best competitors, wi [[John McEnroe]] calling her ane o the best the sport haes ever seen.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZUeNoPV-F0 | title= McEnroe Insights: Maria Sharapova|publisher=Youtube|work=3News|date=January 26, 2011|accessdate=January 11, 2015}}</ref> Sharapova haes been featurt in a feck o modelin assignments, includin a featur in the ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue]]''. She appeared in mony advertisements, includin thaim for Nike, Prince, an Canon, bein the face o several [[fashion house]]s, maist notably [[Cole Haan]]. Syne Februar 2007, she haes been a [[UNDP Goodwill Ambassador|United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador]], concerned speceefically wi the [[Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme]]. In Juin 2011, she wis named ane o the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future" bi ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future – Maria Sharapova|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2079150_2079148_2079118,00.html|work=[[Time Magazine|Time]]|accessdate=August 19, 2011|author=William Lee Adams|date=June 22, 2011|archive-date=2012-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228142231/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2079150_2079148_2079118,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> an in Mairch 2012 wis named ane o the "[[100 Greatest of All Time]]" bi [[Tennis Channel]]. ==Early life== Maria Sharapova wis born on 19 Aprile 1987 in [[Nyagan]], [[Roushie SFSR]]. Her parents, Yuri an Yelena, are frae [[Gomel]], [[Belarussian SSR]]. Concerned aboot the regional effecks o the 1986 [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl nuclear accident]], thay left thair homeland shortly afore Sharapova wis born.<ref name="ITH_2007_08_13">{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/lib/14164248/|publisher=[[Lenta.ru]]|script-title=ru:Шарапова, Мария|trans_title=Sharapova, Maria|language=Roushie|accessdate=2013-04-29}}</ref> ===Introduction tae tennis=== In 1989, whan Sharapova wis twa, the faimily flittit tae [[Sochi]], [[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Roushie]]. Ance yonder, her faither Yuri befreindit Aleksandr Kafelnikov, whase son [[Yevgeny Kafelnikov|Yevgeny]] wad gang on tae win twa Grand Slam singles titles an acome Roushie's first warld No. 1 rankit tennis player. Aleksandr gied Sharapova her first tennis racquet in 1991 whan she wis fower, whaurupn she began practicin raiglar-lik wi her faither at a local pairk.<ref name="times">{{cite news|author=Paul Kimmage|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article3177376.ece|title=The Big Interview: Maria Sharapova|work=[[The Times]]|date=January 13, 2008|accessdate=2008-07-23|location=London|archive-date=2008-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918015756/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article3177376.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Maria teuk her first tennis lessons wi veteran Roushie coach Yuri Yutkin, wha wis instantly impressed whan he saw her play, notin her "exceptional [[haun-ee coordination]]".<ref name="Article">{{cite web|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-11732071-masha-was-a-star-at-four.do|author=Will Stewart|work=London Evening Standard|location=UK|title='Masha' was a star at four|date=July 2, 2004|accessdate=2010-06-12|archive-date=2011-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707185603/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-11732071-masha-was-a-star-at-four.do|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Start o professional training=== In 1993, at the age o sax, Sharapova attendit a tennis clinic in Moscow run bi [[Martina Navratilova]], wha recommendit professional trainin at the [[Nick Bollettieri|Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy]] in [[Bradenton, Florida]], whilk haed previously trained players lik [[Andre Agassi]], [[Monica Seles]], an [[Anna Kournikova]].<ref name="times"/> Wi him bein skint, Yuri Sharapov borraed the sum that wad enable him an his dochter, neither o wham coud speak the Inglis, tae traivel tae the United States o Americae, whilk thay finally did in 1994.<ref name="Article" /> Visa restrictions preventit Sharapova's mither frae jynin thaim for twa year.<ref name="ITH_2007_08_13"/> Arrivin in Florida wi savings o US$700,<ref name="Article" /> Sharapova's faither teuk various law-paying jobs, includin dishwashing, tae fund her lessons tilt she wis auld eneuch tae be admit tae the academy. Afore she entert the IMG business, she trained wi Rick Macci, in the Rick Macci Tennis Academy. She wis then offered a deal frae IMG whilk forced her tae chynge academies. Oreeginally, she did train wi Rick Macci, but efter the deal wi IMG, she coudnae see Rick Macci ony mair. In 1995, she wis signed bi [[IMG (business)|IMG]], wha greed tae pey the annual tuition fee o $35,000 for Sharapova tae stey at the Academy, allouin her tae finally enroll at the age o 9.<ref name="times"/> ==Tennis career== ===Junior and early career=== Sharapova first hit the tennis scene in November 2000, when she won the Eddie Herr International Junior Tennis Championships in the girls' 16 division at the age o juist 13.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eddieherr.com/PastChampions.htm|publisher=Eddie Herr Official Website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725075033/http://www.eddieherr.com/PastChampions.htm|archivedate=2012-07-25|title=Eddie Herr Past Champions|accessdate=June 12, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> She wis then gien a special distinction, the Rising Star Awaird, which is awairdit anly tae players o exceptional promise.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317171129/http://www.eddieherr.com/2009/PlayerPacket09.pdf|archivedate=2012-03-17|url=http://www.eddieherr.com/2009/PlayerPacket09.pdf|publisher=Eddie Herr Official Website|title=Eddie Herr International Special Awards|accessdate=June 12, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Sharapova made her professional debut in 2001 on her 14t birthday on Aprile 19, an played her first WTA tournament at the [[Pacific Life Open]] in 2002, winnin a match afore losin tae [[Monica Seles]]. Due tae restrictions on how mony professional events she coud play, Sharapova went tae hone her gemme in junior tournaments, whaur she reached the finals o the girls' singles events at the Australian Open an Wimbledon in 2002. She wis the youngest girl ever tae reach the final o the Australian Open junior championship at 14 years an 9 month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/5567102/Wimbledon-2009-Maria-Sharapova-20-facts-you-didnt-know.html|title=Wimbledon 2009: Maria Sharapova – 20 facts you didn't know|author=Nick Collins|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=July 19, 2010}}</ref> Sharapova reached No. 6 in the [[International Tennis Federation|ITF]] junior warld singles ranking on October 21, 2002. In all, she won three junior singles tournaments an wis runner-up at five, includin twa junior Grand Slam events. Her win-loss record in junior competeetion wis 47–9.<ref>[http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100013223 ITF Tennis Player Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616051543/http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100013223 |date=2013-06-16 }}, ITF Juniors</ref> <u>Junior Grand Slam results:</u><br/> Australian Open: F ([[2002 Australian Open|2002]])<br/> French Open: 3R ([[2002 French Open|2002]])<br/> Wimbledon: F ([[2002 Wimbledon Championships|2002]])<br/> US Open: 2R ([[2001 US Open (tennis)|2001]]) ===Junior Grand Slam tournament finals=== ====Singles: 2 finals (2 runners-up)==== {|class="sortable wikitable" !Outcome !Year !width=200|Championship !Surface !width=200|Opponent !width=125|Score |-bgcolor=FFFFCC |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||[[2002 Australian Open|2002]]||[[Australian Open]]||Haurd||{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Barbora Strýcová]]||0–6, 5–7 |-bgcolor=CCFFCC |bgcolor=FFA07A|Runner-up||[[2002 Wimbledon Championships|2002]]||[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]||Gress||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vera Dushevina]]||6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |} ===2003: First toornament titles=== Frae 2003, Sharapova played a full saison an made a rapid climb intae the tap 50 bi the end o the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Rankings_Stats/Singles_Numeric_2003.pdf|author=Liz Schroeder|publisher=WTA|title=WTA Tour Singles Ranking 2003|date=November 10, 2003|accessdate=June 12, 2010|archive-date=2017-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928193303/http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/SEWTATour-Archive/Rankings_Stats/Singles_Numeric_2003.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> She made her debuts at baith the [[2003 Australian Open|Australian Open]] an the [[2003 French Open|French Open]], but failed tae win a match in aither. Then, as a wildcard at [[2003 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]], she defeatit 11t seed [[Jelena Dokić]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/wimbledon_2003/3028488.stm|title=Sharapova dismisses Dokic|publisher=BBC|date=June 28, 2003|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}</ref> her first win ower a tap-20 player, tae reach the fowert roond, whaur she lost in three sets tae [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]]. Bi the end o September, Sharapova haed already captured her first WTA title at a smawer event, the [[Japan Open Tennis Championships]], afore winnin her seicont in her final toornament o the saison, the [[Bell Challenge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2003-11-02-quebec_x.htm|title=Sharapova handed Bell Challenge title|work=[[USA Today]] Co.|date=November 2, 2003|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}</ref> Tae cap off her first full saison as a professional, she wis awairdit the WTA Newcomer o the Year honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/scontent/article/3010014/title/wta-awards|title=WTA Awards|accessdate=May 18, 2013}}</ref> ===2004: Wimbledon champion an rise tae fame=== Sharapova wis defeatit in the third roond o the [[2004 Australian Open|Australian Open]] bi saxt seed [[Anastasia Myskina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/tennis/specials/australian_open/2004/01/24/bc.sport.tennis.open.myskina/|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=January 24, 2004|work=Sports Illustrated|title=Myskina downs Sharapova in Russian clash|archive-date=2013-06-16|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616031055/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/tennis/specials/australian_open/2004/01/24/bc.sport.tennis.open.myskina/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She later reached the semifinals at the [[2004 Kroger St. Jude International and the Cellular South Cup|Cellular South Cup]], whaur she lost tae eventual champion [[Vera Zvonareva]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2004-02-20-roundup_x.htm|title=Federer upset in Rotterdam; Roddick falls at Kroger|date=February 20, 2004|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref> During the spring clay-court saison, Sharapova entered the tap 20 on the WTA warld rankings as a result o reachin the third roond o the [[Qatar Telecom German Open]] an the [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia]], baith o which war Tier I events. At the latter event, she defeatit a player ranked in the tap 10 for the first time wi a straucht-sets win ower warld No. 10 an [[2004 French Open – Weemen's Singles|2004 French Open]] finalist [[Elena Dementieva]]. Later that clay-court saison, she went on tae mak the quarterfinals o a Grand Slam for the first time at the [[2004 French Open|French Open]], losin thare tae [[Paola Suárez]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/01/1086058856148.html|title=Suarez strikes another blow for Argentina|publisher=The Age|date=June 2, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> [[File:Maria Sharapova at Wimbledon (2004) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Sharapova at Wimbledon in 2004]] Sharapova won the third title o her career at the [[2004 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] warm-up [[DFS Classic]], defeatin [[Tatiana Golovin]] in the final. Seedit 13t an aged 17 at Wimbledon, she reached her first Grand Slam semifinal bi defeatin [[Ai Sugiyama]]. Thare, she defeatit fift seed an umwhile champion [[Lindsay Davenport]]. In the final, Sharapova upset tap seed an defendin champion [[Serena Williams]] tae win her first Grand Slam singles title, an acome the third-youngest woman tae win the Wimbledon title, behind anly [[Lottie Dod]] an [[Martina Hingis]]. Sharapova an aa became the seicont Roushie woman (efter [[Anastasia Myskina]] haed won the year's previous major at [[French Open|Roland Garros]]) tae win a Grand Slam singles title. The victory wis hailed bi the media as "the most stunning upset in memory",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A25495-2004Jul3.html|title=Sharapova Wins Wimbledon After Improbable Journey|work=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Liz Clarke|date=April 7, 2004|accessdate=June 20, 2010}}</ref> wi ither writers commentin on her arrival as a serious challenger tae the [[Williams sisters|Williams']] dominance at Wimbledon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/sport/article-11722204-birth-of-a-superstar.do|title=Birth of a superstar|publisher=This Is London|author=Adrian Warner|date=February 7, 2004|accessdate=June 20, 2010|archive-date=2012-09-12|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912142226/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/sport/article-11722204-birth-of-a-superstar.do|url-status=dead}}</ref> She entered the tap 10 in the rankings for the first time as a result o the win.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=1834581|title=Sharapova vaults into top 10|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=July 6, 2004|accessdate=May 19, 2013}}</ref> Follaein her Wimbledon win, attention an interest in Sharapova in the media greatly increased, a rise in popularity dubbed "Maria Mania."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2004/08/27/commentary/column_sportsbiz/sportsbiz/index.htm|title=Maria Mania: no stopping her now|publisher=CNN|author=Chris Isidore|date=August 30, 2004|accessdate=June 20, 2010|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224172851/http://money.cnn.com/2004/08/27/commentary/column_sportsbiz/sportsbiz/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> She won three o sax matches in her preparations for the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. At the US Open itself, she reached the third roond, afore bein eliminated bi [[Mary Pierce]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/3628366.stm|title=Pierce shocks Sharapova|publisher=BBC|date=September 4, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> In order tae regain confidence, Sharapova played an won consecutive titles in Asia in the faw, the [[Hansol Korea Open Tennis Championships]] an the [[Japan Open Tennis Championships]]. In October, Sharapova defeatit [[Venus Williams]] en route tae makin the final o a Tier I event for the first time at the [[Zurich Open]], losin in the final tae [[Alicia Molik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/25/1098556329960.html?from=storylhs|title=Molik stuns Sharapova in Zurich final|publisher=The Age|date=October 25, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> She then made her debut at the year-endin [[WTA Tour Championships]]. Thare, she won twa o her three roond-robin matches (includin a win ower US Open champion [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]]) in order tae advance tae the semifinals, whaur she defeatit Myskina. In the final, she defeatit Serena Williams, efter trailing 4–0 in the final set.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4015111.stm|title=Sharapova wins season's finale|publisher=BBC|date=November 16, 2004|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> ===2005: Rise tae warld No. 1 ranking=== Sharapova stairtit the year at the [[2005 Australian Open|Australian Open]], whaur she defeatit fift seed [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]] tae reach the seicont Grand Slam semifinal o her career. Sharapova held match pynts in the third set o her semifinal match, afore losin tae eventual champion [[Serena Williams]]. In Februar, Sharapova won back-tae-back toornaments, the [[Toray Pan Pacific Open]] an the [[Qatar Total Open]], allouin her tae reach number 3 in the warld rankings for the first time. In the semifinals o the Tier I [[Pacific Life Open]], Sharapova wis defeatit bi [[Lindsay Davenport]], the first time she haed failed tae win a gemme in a match.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4363185.stm|title=Sharapova humiliated by Davenport|publisher=BBC|date=March 18, 2005|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> She defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 players [[Justine Henin]] an [[Venus Williams]] tae reach the final at the Tier I [[NASDAQ-100 Open]], whaur she lost tae [[Kim Clijsters]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/01/sports/tennis/01tennis.html?n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fSharapova%2c%20Maria&_r=0|title=Sharapova Rights Her Game vs. Venus Williams|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Sandra Harwitt|date=April 1, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21225-2005Apr2.html|title=Clijsters's Dream Continues|work=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Amy Shipley|date=April 3, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova made the semifinals o a clay-court tournament for the first time at the [[Italian Open (tennis)|Italian Open]], whaur she lost tae [[Patty Schnyder]]. Sharapova wad hae acome warld No. 1 for the first time haed she won the tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4544729.stm|title=Sharapova edges nearer to summit|publisher=BBC|date=May 13, 2005|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Sharapova then reached the quarterfinals o the [[2005 French Open|French Open]] for the seicont consecutive year, afore losin tae eventual champion Henin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2005/jun/01/tennis.frenchopen2005|title=Henin reduces Sharapova to dust|publisher=''[[The Guardian]]''|author=Stephen Bierley|date=June 1, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> On gress, Sharapova won her third title o the year when she successfully defended her title at the [[DFS Classic]], defeatin [[Jelena Janković]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4085880.stm|title=Sharapova keeps Birmingham title|publisher=BBC|date=June 12, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> As the defendin champion at [[2005 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]], Sharapova reached the semifinals wioot dropping a set an losin a service gemme juist ance, extendin her winnin streak on gress tae 24 matches. Houiver, she wis then beaten bi eventual champion [[Venus Williams]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4639341.stm|title=Williams ends Sharapova's defence|publisher=BBC|date=June 30, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova haed far fewer pynts tae defend, an sae she became the first Roushie woman tae haud the warld No. 1 ranking on August 22, 2005.<ref name="wtacareer">{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/qa-sharapovas-first-business-aims-for-the-sweet-spot/479274.html|title=Q&A: Sharapova's First Business Aims for the Sweet Spot|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|date=April 26, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Her reign lasted anly ane week, houiver, as Davenport reclaimed the tap ranking efter winnin the [[Pilot Pen Tennis]] tournament.<ref name="wtacareer"/> As the tap seed at the [[2005 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open]], Sharapova lost in the semifinals tae [[Kim Clijsters]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4228310.stm|title=Clijsters battles past Sharapova|publisher=BBC|date=September 9, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013}}</ref> meanin she haed lost tae the eventual champion in every Grand Slam o the saison. Houiver, she ance again leapfrogged Davenport tae tak the warld No. 1 ranking on September 12, 2005. She retained it for sax weeks, but efter playin few tournaments while injured, she again relinquished the ranking tae Davenport.<ref name="wtacareer"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/news/17404-davenport-regains-no-1-ranking|title=Davenport regains No. 1 ranking|publisher=NDTV|date=August 27, 2005|accessdate=June 8, 2013|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183939/http://sports.ndtv.com/tennis/news/17404-davenport-regains-no-1-ranking|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tae conclude the year, Sharapova failed tae defend her title at the year-end [[Sony Ericsson Championships]] in Los Angeles, defeatin Davenport in ane o her roond-robin matches, but ultimately losin in the semifinals tae eventual champion [[Amélie Mauresmo]]. ===2006: US Open champion=== [[File:MariaSharapova (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright|Sharapova celebrating efter winnin the [[2006 US Open (tennis)|2006 US Open]]]] Sharapova stairtit 2006 bi losin in the semifinals o the [[2006 Australian Open|Australian Open]] in three sets tae Henin,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen06/news/story?id=2579411|title=Sharapova, Henin-Hardenne advance to Open final|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 8, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> an aa losin a rematch several weeks later at the [[Dubai Tennis Championships]], haein defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 [[Martina Hingis]] an warld No. 3 [[Lindsay Davenport]] in earlier roonds o the tournament. Sharapova claimed her first title in nine month at the Tier I tournament in Indian Wells, defeatin Hingis in the semifinals an [[Elena Dementieva]] in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4818828.stm|title=Sharapova into all-Russian final|publisher=BBC|date=March 18, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-03-19/sports/0603190381_1_pacific-life-open-title-indian-wells-james-blake|title=Sharapova wins Pacific Life|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 19, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013|archive-date=2014-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606211142/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-03-19/sports/0603190381_1_pacific-life-open-title-indian-wells-james-blake|url-status=dead}}</ref> She reached the final in [[2006 NASDAQ-100 Open – Weemen's Singles|Miami]] afore losin tae Kuznetsova.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2006/apr/02/tennis.richardevans|title=Kuznetsova quiets Sharapova scream on the way to title|publisher=The Guardian|date=April 2, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova returned for the [[2006 French Open – Weemen's Singles|French Open]]. Thare, efter saving match pynts in defeatin [[Mashona Washington]] in the first roond, she wis eliminated bi [[Dinara Safina]] in the fowert roond.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/04/sports/tennis/04french-wire.html?_r=0|title= Sharapova Falls at French Open |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 4, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> On gress, Sharapova wis unsuccessful in her attempt tae win in Birmingham for the third consecutive year, losin in the semifinals tae [[Jamea Jackson]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/5091134.stm|title= Sharapova suffers surprise defeat |publisher=BBC|date=June 17, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Despite that, she wis amang the title favorites at [[2006 Wimbledon|Wimbledon]], whaur the eventual champion Mauresmo ended up beatin her in the semifinals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/sport/content/200607/s1680842.htm|title=Mauresmo survives lapse to reach Wimbledon final|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]|date=July 7, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova claimed her seicont title o the year at the Tier I [[Acura Classic]], defeatin Clijsters for the first time in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2006-08-06-acura-classic_x.htm|title=Sharapova outlasts Clijsters in Acura final|date=August 6, 2006|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}</ref> As the third seed at the [[2006 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], Sharapova defeatit tap seed Mauresmo for the first time in the semifinals,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/open/2006-09-08-day-12_x.htm?POESPOISVA|title=Sharapova stops No. 1 Mauresmo, will meet Henin-Hardenne in U.S. Open final|date=September 8, 2006|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}</ref> an then followed up bi beatin seicont seed [[Justine Henin]] tae win her seicont Grand Slam singles title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen06/news/story?id=2581102|title=Sharapova drops Henin-Hardenne to win U.S. Open title|date=September 12, 2006|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}</ref> That hairst, Sharapova won titles in back-tae-back weeks at the [[Zurich Open]] an the [[Generali Ladies Linz]]. Bi winnin aw three o her roond-robin matches at the [[2006 WTA Tour Championships – Singles|WTA Tour Championships]], she extendit her win streak tae 19 matches, afore it wis snapped in the semifinals bi eventual champion Henin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2006-11-26/sports/0611250235_1_maria-sharapova-justine-henin-hardenne-wta-championships|title=Henin-Hardenne came up aces|publisher=[[Sun Sentinel]]|date=November 26, 2006|accessdate=June 9, 2013|archive-date=2014-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204706/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2006-11-26/sports/0611250235_1_maria-sharapova-justine-henin-hardenne-wta-championships|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharapova wad hae finished the saison as warld No. 1 haed she won the event. As it wis, she finished ranked warld No. 2, her best year-end finish yet. ===2007: Shoulder injury an faw frae the tap 5=== Sharapova wis the tap seed at the [[2007 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|Australian Open]] due tae tap-rankit [[Justine Henin]]'s withdrawal. Efter bein twa pynts awa frae defeat in the first roond agin [[Camille Pin]], she gaun on tae win till the final o the tournament for the first time, but wis routed thare bi [[Serena Williams]] wha wis rankit warld No. 81 at the time. Efter winnin till the final, Sharapova recaptured the warld No. 1 rankin.<ref name="wtacareer"/> She held it for seiven week, surrenderin it back tae Henin efter failin tae defend her title at the [[Pacific Life Open]], insteid losin in the fowert roond tae [[Vera Zvonareva]] efter strauchlin wi a hamstring injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6326809.stm|title=Leg injury forces Sharapova out|publisher=BBC|date=February 3, 2007|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}</ref> The follaein fortnight, she defeatit [[Venus Williams]] in the third roond o the [[Sony Ericsson Open]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/03/25/us-tennis-miami-idUSL2308180420070325|title=Sharapova sets up Venus showdown in rainy Miami|publisher=Reuters|date=March 27, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113408/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/03/25/us-tennis-miami-idUSL2308180420070325|url-status=dead}}</ref> afore bein beaten again bi Serena Williams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/serena-williams-defeats-maria-sharapova-today-key-270447.html|title=Serena Williams Defeats Maria Sharapova Today in Key Biscayne|publisher=[[Yahoo]]|author=Verdell A. Wright|date=March 27, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013|archive-date=2014-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729030341/http://voices.yahoo.com/serena-williams-defeats-maria-sharapova-today-key-270447.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shoulder injury forced Sharapova tae miss maist o the clay-court saison for the seicont consecutive year, resultin in her anly tune-up for the [[2007 French Open|French Open]] bein the [[İstanbul Cup]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6689561.stm|title=Sharapova battles to Istanbul win|publisher=BBC|date=May 24, 2007|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> whaur she lost in the semifinals tae [[Aravane Reza&iuml;]]. She reached the semifinals o the French Open for the first time in her career, afore losin tae [[Ana Ivanovic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jun/07/tennis.frenchopen2007|title=Ivanovic stuns Sharapova to set up Henin showdown|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=June 7, 2007|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> On gress, Sharapova wis runner-up tae [[Jelena Janković]] at the [[DFS Classic]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/6762093.stm|title=Jankovic seals win over Sharapova|publisher=BBC|date=June 17, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Follaein that, she experienced her earliest Wimbledon loss syne 2003 bi losin in the fowert roond tae eventual champion Venus Williams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jul/04/tennis.wimbledon1|title=Henin sends Serena crashing out|publisher=The Guardian|date=July 4, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova clinched the [[US Open Series]] bi defendin her title at the [[Acura Classic]], her anly championship o the year, an reachin the semifinals in Los Angeles.<ref name="wtacareer"/> In her [[2007 US Open (tennis)|US Open]] title defence, Sharapova wis upset in her third-roond match tae 30t seed [[Agnieszka Radwańska]],<ref name="radwanska">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6974187.stm|title=Sharapova loses to teen Radwanska|publisher=BBC|date=September 1, 2007|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> makin it her earliest exit at a Grand Slam singles tournament syne the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|2004 US Open]], whaur she lost in the same roond.<ref name="wtacareer"/> Follaein the US Open loss, Sharapova did nae play again until the [[Kremlin Cup]] in October, whaur she lost her openin match tae [[Victoria Azarenka]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/7038379.stm|title=Sharapova crashes out in Moscow|publisher=BBC|date=October 10, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Shortly efter this, she fell oot o the tap 5 in the warld rankings for the first time syne 2004. She qualified for the aicht-woman year-end [[2007 WTA Tour Championships|Sony Ericsson Championships]] acause o a withdrawal bi Venus Williams afore the stairt o the tournament.<ref name="wtacareer"/> Despite haein nae previously won a match in twa month, Sharapova topped her roond-robin group at the tournament, efter winnin aw three o her matches, defeatin [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]], Ana Ivanovic, an [[Daniela Hantuchová]]. She then defeatit [[Anna Chakvetadze]] in the semifinals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/nov/11/tennis.news|title=Sharapova straight in|author=Richard Evans |date=November 11, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> In the final, she lost tae warld No. 1 Henin in a match that lasted 3 oors an 24 minutes. Sharapova reached the tap five again tae end the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=3149968|title=Strong finish for Sharapova; stronger return by Davenport|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Joel Drucker|date=December 13, 2007|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> ===2008: Australian Open champion an seicont shoulder injury=== Sharapova wis seedit fift at the [[2008 Australian Open|Australian Open]], but wis nae considered a favorite. Housomeiver, she defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 [[Lindsay Davenport]] in the seicont roond, an then warld No. 1 Henin in the quarterfinals,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7201953.stm|title=Brilliant Sharapova hammers Henin|publisher=BBC|date=January 22, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> endin the latter's 32-match winnin streak.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/24/sports/tennis/24tennis.html?fta=y|title=Sharapova Reaches the Final Again and Hopes for a Better Outcome|work=The New York Times |date=January 24, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> She proceeded tae the finals bi defeatin [[Jelena Janković]] in the semifinals, an defeatit [[Ana Ivanovic]] in the final tae win her third Grand Slam title, haein nae dropped a set all tournament. Efter the Australian Open, Sharapova extendit her winnin streak tae 18 matches. This run encompassed twa wins includin at the Tier I [[2008 Qatar Total Open|Qatar Total Open]]. Her winnin streak wis ended in the semifinals o the [[2008 Pacific Life Open|Pacific Life Open]] bi Kuznetsova. In Aprile, Sharapova won the [[2008 Bausch & Lomb Championships|Bausch & Lomb Championships]], haein survived her langest-ever match, at 3 oors an 26 minutes lang, in the third roond against [[Anabel Medina Garrigues]].<ref name="epicbattle">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7341970.stm|title=Sharapova wins epic battle|publisher=BBC|date=April 11, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> The follaein week, at the [[2008 Family Circle Cup|Family Circle Cup]], she lost in the quarterfinals tae [[Serena Williams]], her fowert consecutive loss tae the American.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/othersports/2004359654_digs19.html|title=Tennis: Serena Williams beats Maria Sharapova 4th time in a row|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|date=April 19, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> In Mey, Sharapova regained the warld No. 1 ranking acause o Henin's suddent retirement frae professional tennis an request tae the [[Weemen's Tennis Association|WTA]] that her ain ranking be removed immediately.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=tennis&id=3397722|title=Sharapova to take over top ranking from retired Henin|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=May 15, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> As the tap-seedit player at the [[2008 French Open – Weemen's Singles|French Open]] Sharapova wis within twa pynts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/french08/news/story?id=3415126|title=Sharapova needs 8–6 win in third set to overcome Rodina|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=May 28, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> o bein knocked oot bi [[Evgeniya Rodina]] in the first roond, afore eventually winnin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/8184486/Sharapova-a-long-way-from-Grand-Slam-form|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215040319/http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/8184486/Sharapova-a-long-way-from-Grand-Slam-form|archivedate=2009-02-15|title=Sharapova a long way from Grand Slam form|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=May 28, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result o losin tae eventual finalist [[Dinara Safina]] in the fowert roond (efter serving for the match),<ref>{{cite news|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/sports/tennis/03tennis.html|title=Sharapova Roars, but She Is Silenced by Safina Once Again|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 3, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> she relinquished her No. 1 ranking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=3424588|title=Sharapova to drop from top spot after French Open|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=June 3, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Her dip in form continued at [[Wimbledon 2008|Wimbledon]], whaur she lost in the seicont roond tae warld No. 154 [[Alla Kudryavtseva]]. This wis her earliest loss at Wimbledon, an at ony Grand Slam in awmaist five years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon08/columns/story?columnist=garber_greg&id=3462202|title=Sharapova loss just the start of a chaotic day at Wimbledon|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=June 27, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Sharapova withdrew frae the [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] tournament in August follaein a shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2008/07/30/rogers-cup-three.html|title=Sharapova withdraws from Rogers Cup|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|date=July 31, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> An [[magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] scan revealed that she haed been sufferin frae a [[rotator cuff tear]] syne Aprile, forcing her oot o aw tournaments for the rest o the saison, includin the [[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing Olympics]], the [[2008 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], an the [[2008 WTA Tour Championships|WTA Tour Championships]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/tennis/7536416.stm|title=Sharapova to miss US Open & Games|publisher=BBC|date=August 1, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> In spite o that, she still finished the year ranked warld No. 9. In October, efter a failed attempt tae rehabilitate the shoulder, Sharapova haed surgery tae repair the tear.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/brennan/2011-06-30-Brennan-maria-sharapova-wimbledon-final_n.htm|title=Sharapova back at last where she belongs|work=[[USA Today]]|author=Christine Brennan|date=June 30, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> ===2009: Shoulder surgery an rehabilitation=== Sharapova did nae attempt tae defend her [[2009 Australian Open|Australian Open]] title, as she continued tae recover frae surgery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/sport/tennis/sharapova-out/2009/01/11/1231608525444.html|title=Sharapova out after shoulder fails to recover|publisher=Fairfax Digital|work=The Age|author=Linda Pearce|date=January 12, 2009|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> She returned tae the sport in Mairch, in the doubles tournament at the [[2009 BNP Paribas Open – Weemen's Doubles|BNP Paribas Open]], but she an pairtner [[Elena Vesnina]] lost in the first roond. Efter this, Sharapova withdrew frae further singles tournaments, resultin in her staundin in the warld rankings bein severely affected. She dropped oot o the tap 100 for the first time in sax years in Mey, the nadir bein warld No. 126.<ref name="wtatennis" /> [[File:Maria Sharapova at 2009 Roland Garros, Paris, France.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Sharapova made the quarterfinals o the [[2009 French Open|French Open]], her best Grand Slam performance o 2009]] Playin her first singles tournament in nearly ten month, Sharapova made the quarterfinals o the clay-court [[2009 Warsaw Open – Singles|Warsaw Open]] in Mey, losin tae finalist [[Alona Bondarenko]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=4192265|title=Bondarenko wins in straight sets|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=May 21, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> The follaein week, in her first Grand Slam appearance syne her surgery, she reached the quarterfinals o the [[2009 French Open – Weemen's Singles|French Open]], afore her run wis ended bi [[Dominika Cibulková]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/frenchopen/5430320/French-Open-2009-Maria-Sharapova-and-the-curse-of-the-cover-stars.html|title=French Open 2009: Maria Sharapova and the curse of the cover stars |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|author=Mark Hodgkinson|date=June 2, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> During the summer gress-court saison, Sharapova played in [[2009 Aegon Classic – Singles|Birmingham]], losin in the semifinals tae Li Na.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=4256242|title=Sharapova broken six times in loss|date=June 13, 2009|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova then played at [[2009 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] as the 24t seed. She wis upset in the seicont roond bi [[Gisela Dulko]] in three sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/5624035/Wimbledon-2009-Maria-Sharapova-suffers-shock-defeat-by-Gisela-Dulko.html|title=Wimbledon 2009: Maria Sharapova suffers shock defeat by Gisela Dulko|last=Hodgkinson|first=Mark|date=June 24, 2009|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=May 18, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova enjoyed considerable success in the summer months, reachin the quarterfinals at the [[2009 Bank o the Wast Classic|Bank o the Wast Classic]], the semifinals at the [[2009 LA Weemen's Tennis Championships|LA Weemen's Tennis Championships]], an finishinrunner-up at the [[2009 Rogers Cup|Rogers Cup]] tae [[Elena Dementieva]]. At the [[2009 US Open (tennis)|2009 US Open]], Sharapova wis seedit 29t. She foond her wey intae the third roond, defeatin [[Tsvetana Pironkova]] an [[Christina McHale]] all in straucht sets. She wis stunned in the third roond bi American teenager [[Melanie Oudin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen09/news/story?id=4448907|title=Oudin's run continues; Safina exits early|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 6, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> It wis the seicont time in Sharapova's career that she lost tae a teenager at a [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]], haein lost tae [[Agnieszka Radwańska]] during the same event in 2007. The loss made Sharapova's ranking go doun tae No. 32.<ref name="wtatennis" /> The final stretch o the saison brocht Sharapova her first title o the year in [[2009 Toray Pan Pacific Open|Tokyo]], efter opponent [[Jelena Janković]] retired efter bein doun 2–5 tae Sharapova in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/10/03/tennis.sharapova.jankovic.venus/|title= Sharapova lands Tokyo title as Jankovic quits |publisher=CNN|date=October 3, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Bi virtue o that result, she wis the recipient o a bye at the [[2009 China Open (tennis)|China Open]], but failed tae capitalize on it, losin tae [[Peng Shuai]] in the third roond.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/oct/07/maria-sharapova-china-open-shuai|title=Tired Maria Sharapova knocked out of China Open by Peng Shuai|publisher=The Guardian|date=October 7, 2009|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> She ultimately finished the saison at warld No. 14, haein improved frae No. 126 when she stairtit her comeback frae injury.<ref name="wtatennis" /> ===2010: Comeback an struggles wi form=== Efter playin twa exhibition tournaments in Asia, Sharapova offeecially began her saison at the [[2010 Australian Open|Australian Open]], whaur she wis upset in her first-roond match against [[Maria Kirilenko]]. The loss meant that for the first time syne 2003, Sharapova haed lost her openin match at a Grand Slam event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/australianopen/7016124/Australian-Open-2010-Maria-Sharapova-dumped-out-by-Maria-Kirilenko.html|author=Mark Hodgkinson|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|title=Australian Open 2010: Maria Sharapova dumped out by Maria Kirilenko|date=January 18, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|location=London}}</ref> She then rebounded bi winnin a smawer American event, the [[2010 Regions Morgan Keegan Championships and the Cellular South Cup|Cellular South Cup]], her 21st career WTA title an first o the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8526723.stm|title=Maria Sharapova beats Sofia Arvidsson in Memphis final|date=January 21, 2010|work=BBC Sport |accessdate=February 22, 2010}}</ref> At the [[2010 BNP Paribas Open|BNP Paribas Open]], Sharapova lost in the third roond tae [[Zheng Jie]], aggravating a bruised bane on her right elbow in the process, which resulted in her eventual withdrawal frae the [[2010 Sony Ericsson Open|Sony Ericsson Open]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/tennis/03/18/tennis.sharapova.injury.elbow/index.html|publisher=CNN|title=Sharapova suffers fresh setback after elbow injury|date=March 18, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010}}</ref> an the [[2010 Family Circle Cup|Family Circle Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usta.com/Global/Pro_Tennis/Pro_Tennis/Wire/2010/04/09/Serena_Williams_Sharapova_withdraw_from_Family_Circle_Cup.aspx|publisher=United States Tennis Association|title=Serena Williams, Sharapova withdraw from Family Circle Cup|date=April 9, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|archive-date=2010-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413075534/http://www.usta.com/Global/Pro_Tennis/Pro_Tennis/Wire/2010/04/09/Serena_Williams_Sharapova_withdraw_from_Family_Circle_Cup.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Returning at the [[2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]], Sharapova lost in the first roond tae [[Lucie Šafářová]]. She continued her French Open preparation at the [[2010 Internationaux de Strasbourg|Internationaux de Strasbourg]] as a wildcard, advancing tae the final, whaur she beat [[Kristina Barrois]]. This wis her first title on reid clay an 22nt oweraw title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/sports/tennis/2010/05/24/257792/Sharapova-wins.htm|work=The China Post|location=Taiwan (ROC)|title=Sharapova wins second 2010 title at Strasbourg|date=May 24, 2010|accessdate=June 12, 2010|archive-date=2012-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925202148/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/sports/tennis/2010/05/24/257792/Sharapova-wins.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2010 French Open|French Open]], Sharapova's brief clay saison culminatit wi a third-roond loss tae fower-time champion [[Justine Henin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/frenchopen/7785938/French-Open-2010-Justine-Henin-defeats-Maria-Sharapova.html|title=French Open 2010: Justine Henin defeats Maria Sharapova|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=May 30, 2010|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova began her preparations for Wimbledon at the [[2010 Aegon Classic|Aegon Classic]]. She advanced tae the final for the fowert time, whaur she lost tae [[Li Na]]. As the 16t seed at [[2010 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]], Sharapova lost in the fowert roond tae warld No. 1 an eventual champion [[Serena Williams]], despite haein three set pynts in the openin set.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/tennis/tournaments/story/0,25174,18898_6236218,00.html|title=Sharapova tests Serena|work=Sky Sports|date=June 29, 2010|accessdate=July 3, 2010|archive-date=2010-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701033332/http://www.skysports.com/tennis/tournaments/story/0%2C25174%2C18898_6236218%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The match wis seen as anither encouraging performance for Sharapova, wi some statin thair belief that she wis approachin the form that wad see her contending for Grand Slams ance mair,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/serena-forced-into-top-gear-to-tame-sharapova-2013078.html|title=Serena forced into top gear to tame Sharapova|author=Chris McGrath|work=The Independent|location=UK|date=June 29, 2010|accessdate=July 3, 2010|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224182144/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/serena-forced-into-top-gear-to-tame-sharapova-2013078.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> an Sharapova hersel statin that she felt that she wis "in a much better spot than I was last year."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://straightsets.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/serena-williams-avoids-flashback-beats-sharapova/|title=Serena Williams Avoids Flashback, Beats Sharapova|author=John Martin|work=The New York Times|date=June 28, 2010|accessdate=July 3, 2010}}</ref> During the [[US Open Series]], Sharapova made twa straucht finals, losin tae [[Victoria Azarenka]] at the [[2010 Bank o the Wast Classic – Singles|Bank o the Wast Classic]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2010-08-01-bank-of-the-west-classic_N.htm|title=Azarenka rolls past Sharapova to win Bank o the Wast title|publisher=[[USA Today]]|date=February 8, 2010|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}</ref> an tae [[Kim Clijsters]] at the [[2010 Western & Southern Financial Group Weemen's Open – Singles|Western & Southern Financial Group Weemen's Open]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cincytennis.com/clijsters_wins/|title=Clijsters Storms Back to Win 2010 Women's Open|publisher=WTA|accessdate=June 14, 2013|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224182310/http://www.cincytennis.com/clijsters_wins/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the latter match, Sharapova held three match pynts while leadin 5–3 on Clijsters's serve late in the seicont set, but coud nae convert them. At the [[2010 US Open (tennis)|U.S. Open]], Sharapova wis the 14t seed. She made it tae the fowert roond, whaur she played tap seed an 2009 finalist [[Caroline Wozniacki]] an lost.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen10/news/story?id=5539423|title=Maria Sharapova loses in 4th round|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 7, 2010|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova's last twa tournaments o the saison ended in disappointment. She played in the [[2010 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles|Toray Pan Pacific Open]] in Tokyo, whaur she wis upset in the first roond bi 39-year-auld [[Kimiko Date-Krumm]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2010-09-27-pan-pacific-open_N.htm|title=Japan's Date Krumm ousts Sharapova at Pan Pacific Open|work=USA Today|date=September 29, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Her last tournament o the year wis the [[2010 Cheenae Open – Weemen's Singles|China Open]], whaur she lost in the seicont roond tae fellae Roushie [[Elena Vesnina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/oct/07/maria-sharapova-china-open-shuai|title=Tired Maria Sharapova knocked out of China Open by Peng Shuai|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 7, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> She ended the year at number 18 in the warld.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/photos/article/2213795/title/2010-year-end-top-20|title=2010: Year-End Top 20|publisher=WTA|date=November 10, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> ===2011: Return tae the tap 10=== It wis annoonced that Sharapova wad bring in [[Thomas Högstedt]] as a coach for the 2011 saison, joining [[Michael Joyce (tennis)|Michael Joyce]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2010/12/sharapova-hires-hogstedt-to-co-coach-with-joyce/26210/|title=Sharapova hires Hogstedt to co-coach with Joyce|author=Matthew Cronin|publisher=TENNIS.com|date=December 4, 2010|accessdate=October 23, 2014|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2010/12/sharapova-hires-hogstedt-to-co-coach-with-joyce/26210/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On December 5, Sharapova won an exhibition match against warld No. 2 [[Vera Zvonareva]] in Monterrey, Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.wtatennis.com/page/OffCourtNews/Read/0,,12781~2239156,00.html|title=Maria & Vera In Monterrey|publisher=WTA|date=December 7, 2010|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615221220/http://origin-www.wtatennis.com/page/OffCourtNews/Read/0,,12781~2239156,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Sharapova's first offeecial Australian Open warm-up tournament at the [[2011 ASB Classic – Singles|2011 ASB Classic]] in Auckland, New Zealand, she wis seedit first. She lost tae the Hungarian veteran an eventual champion [[Gréta Arn]] in the quarterfinals. Efter the ASB Classic, Sharapova decidit tae split up wi Joyce, endin a successfu cooperation that haes brocht her twa Grand Slam victories an the Warld No. 1 ranking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/sports/20110116/162167367.html|title=Sharapova's long-time coach leaves job|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=January 16, 2011|accessdate=October 23, 2014|archive-date=2014-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023230658/http://en.ria.ru/sports/20110116/162167367.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharapova participated in the first Grand Slam o the saison at the [[2011 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|Australian Open]], whaur she wis the 14t seed, but lost tae [[Andrea Petkovic]] in the fowert roond.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110123/162258814.html|title=Russia's Sharapova loses out to Germany's Petkovic in Australian Open|author=Anton Denisov|date=January 23, 2011|accessdate=July 5, 2011|archive-date=2011-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110327084430/http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110123/162258814.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She an aa haed tae pull oot o the [[2011 Dubai Tennis Championships]] an [[2011 Qatar Ladies Open]] acause o an lug infection.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/blog/_/name/espntennis/month/february-2011|title=Work to do for Roddick and the Americans|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Ravi Ubha|date=February 16, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova returned tae the tour in Mairch bi takin pairt in the [[2011 BNP Paribas Open]], whaur she wis seedit 16t. She defeatit umwhile warld No. 1 [[Dinara Safina]], in the fowert roond en route tae the semifinal, whaur she lost tae warld No. 1 [[Caroline Wozniacki]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/20/wozniacki-wins-bnp-paribaas-open_n_838169.html|title= Wozniacki Wins BNP Paribas Open, Beats Marion Bartoli In Finals |work=[[The Huffington Post]]|author=Beth Harris|date=March 20, 2011|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}</ref> At the [[2011 Sony Ericsson Open]] in Key Biscayne, Sharapova defeatit 26t seed [[Alexandra Dulgheru]] in the quarterfinals, in a match lasting 3 oors an 28 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110330/163283242.html|title=Russia's Sharapova moves into semis at Miami tennis tournament|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|date=March 30, 2011|accessdate=June 14, 2013|archive-date=2012-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329023553/http://www.en.rian.ru/sports/20110330/163283242.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the semifinals, Sharapova teuk her [[2011 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|Australian Open]] reprisal on Germany's [[Andrea Petkovic]] bi defeatin her. In the final, she wis defeatit bi [[Victoria Azarenka]], despite a late comeback in the seicont set.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/aus12/story/_/id/7513049/2012-australian-open-victoria-azarenka-routs-maria-sharapova-win-title|title=Victoria Azarenka routs Sharapova|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=January 29, 2011|accessdate=June 14, 2013}}</ref> Wi this result, Sharapova returned tae the tap 10 for the first time syne Februar 2009.<ref name="wtatennis"/> During the clay-court saison, Sharapova participated in [[2011 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]], whaur she lost tae [[Dominika Cibulková]] in the third roond, an the [[2011 Internazionali BNL d'Italia]], whaur she wis seedit seivent. She defeatit tap seed Caroline Wozniacki in the semifinals an saxt seed Samantha Stosur in the final tae tak home the title, merking her biggest clay-court victory tae date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2360583/title/sharapovas-greatest-clay-court-triumph|title=Sharapova's Greatest Clay Court Triumph|publisher=WTA|date=May 15, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> At the [[2011 French Open]], Sharapova wis seedit seivent. She defeatit French wildcard [[Caroline Garcia]] in the seicont roond, despite trailing 3–6, 1–4, afore winnin the last 11 gemmes o the match. In the quarterfinals, she defeatit 15t seed [[Andrea Petkovic]], merking her first Grand Slam semifinal syne her comeback frae the career-threatening shoulder injury. She then lost tae saxt seed an eventual champion [[Li Na]], in the semifinals, endin her clay saison wi a win-loss record o 12–2.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322014754/http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/news/articles/2011-06-02/201106021307029251097.html|archivedate=2012-03-22|url=http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/news/articles/2011-06-02/201106021307029251097.html|title=Li sweeps Sharapova aside for tilt at title|author=Louisa Baker|date=June 2, 2011|accessdate=June 4, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> At the [[2011 Wimbledon Championships]], Sharapova haed nae dropped a set entering the final, afore losin tae aicht seed [[Petra Kvitová]] in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/14002512|title=Wimbledon 2011: Petra Kvitova beats Maria Sharapova to title|publisher=BBC|author=Piers Newbery|date=July 2, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> This merked her first final in ower three years at a Grand Slam event. Sharapova stairtit her summer haurd-court saison at the [[2011 Bank o the Wast Classic]] in [[Stanford, Californie]]. In a heichly anticipatit match, Sharapova lost tae the eventual champion [[Serena Williams]] in the quarterfinals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2405569/title/serena-shines-in-qfs-lisicki-awaits-in-sfs|title=Serena Shines In QFs, Lisicki Awaits In SFs|publisher=WTA|date=July 29, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> In her next event at the [[2011 Rogers Cup – Weemen's Singles|2011 Rogers Cup]] in Toronto, Canadae, Sharapova lost tae [[Galina Voskoboeva]] in the third roond, merking her 100th career loss.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2417634/title/stosur-dismisses-li-tough-day-for-faves|title=Stosur Dismisses Li, Tough Day For Faves|publisher=WTA|date=August 11, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> [[File:Maria Sharapova 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Sharapova at the [[2011 Western & Southern Open|Western & Southern Open]], August 2011]] Sharapova then contested the [[2011 Western & Southern Open – Weemen's Singles|2011 Western & Southern Open]] in [[Cincinnati]], Ohio. As the fowert seed, she received a bye intae the seicont roond. On the wey tae her fowert final o the year, she beat [[Anastasia Rodionova]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2422838/title/bartoli-back-on-track-serena-edges-hradecka|title=Bartoli Back On Track, Serena Edges Hradecka |publisher=WTA|date=August 16, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> 14t seed [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2425089/title/hantuchova-gets-past-bartoli-zvonareva-next|title=Hantuchova Gets Past Bartoli, Zvonareva Next|publisher=WTA|date=August 18, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> tenth seed Samantha Stosur,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2426294/title/zvonareva-sharapova-to-clash-in-semifinals|title=Zvonareva & Sharapova to clash in semifinals|publisher=WTA|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> an 2nt seed Vera Zvonareva.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2427204/title/former-world-no1s-to-collide-in-cincinnati|title=Former world No. 1s to Collide in Cincinnati|publisher=WTA|date=August 20, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> In the final, she defeatit fellae umwhile warld No. 1 [[Jelena Janković]], in 2 oors an 49 minutes, makin it the langest WTA tour final o the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20110821/SPT/308210027/Sharapova-wins-women-s-title?odyssey|title=Sharapova wins women's title|publisher=Cincinnati.com|author=Shannon Russell|date=August 22, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> She subsequently moved up tae warld No. 4, her heichest ranking syne August 2008 an the heichest syne her comeback frae her shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/2428859/title/ranking-watch-maria-moves-up-to-no4|title=Ranking Watch: Maria Moves Up To No. 4|publisher=WTA|date=August 22, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova entered the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]], whaur she wis seedit third. She beat [[Heather Watson]], an [[Anastasiya Yakimova]], tae reach the third roond. She wis then upset bi [[Flavia Pennetta]]. Houiver, acause o the faw o [[Kim Clijsters]] an Vera Zvonareva in the rankings, Sharapova climbed tae warld No. 2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/Maria-Sharapova-Shocked-Out-of-US-Open,-More-From-.aspx|title=Maria Sharapova Shocked Out of US Open, More From New York|publisher=Tennisnow|date=September 2, 2011|accessdate=September 2, 2011|archive-date=2015-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706213624/http://www.tennisnow.com/News/Maria-Sharapova-Shocked-Out-of-US-Open,-More-From-.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2011 Toray Pan Pacific Open]] in Tokyo, Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/sports/topics/AJ2011093012822|title=Sharapova limps out of Pan Pacific Open|publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company|author=Rob Smaal|date=September 30, 2011|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2014-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221231212/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/sports/topics/AJ2011093012822|url-status=dead}}</ref> As seicont seed, she received a bye intae the seicont roond, whaur she beat [[Tamarine Tanasugarn]]. She then beat 13t seed [[Julia Görges]], afore retiring against Petra Kvitová in the quarterfinal, 3–4, efter slipping on the baseline, sufferin an ankle injury. This an aa forced her tae withdraw frae the [[2011 China Open (tennis)|2011 China Open]] the follaein week. Sharapova then flew tae Istanbul tae prepare for the [[2011 WTA Tour Championships]], her first time qualifying syne 2007. During the WTA Tour Championships, Sharapova withdrew during the roond-robin stage efter defeats against Samantha Stosur an [[Li Na]], as a result o the ankle injury she haed suffered in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/sports/20110929/167244910.html|title=Ankle injury forces Sharapova to retire in Tokyo QF against Kvitova|publisher=[[RIA Novosti]]|date=September 29, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sharapova ended the year as No. 4 in the warld, her first tap-10 finish syne 2008 an first tap-5 finish syne 2007. ===2012: Career Grand Slam, return tae world No. 1 an Olympic siller medal=== Sharapova withdrew frae the [[2012 Brisbane International]] acause o her ongangin ankle injury.<ref>{{cite web|last=Musall|first=Jeff|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/news?slug=ycn-10746909|title=Maria Sharapova Withdraws from Brisbane, Still on for Australian Open: Fan Reaction – Tennis – Yahoo! Sports|publisher=Sports.yahoo.com|date=April 20, 2011|accessdate=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-21|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HXaiB2Dt?url=http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/news?slug=ycn-10746909|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her first tournament o the saison wis the [[2012 Australian Open]], whaur she wis seedit fowert. Sharapova advanced tae the final roond conceding five gemmes, defeatin [[Gisela Dulko]], [[Jamie Hampton]], an 30t seed [[Angelique Kerber]], compatriot [[Ekaterina Makarova]] an warld No. 2 [[Petra Kvitová]]. She lost tae [[Victoria Azarenka]] in twa sets. As a result her ranking improved tae warld No. 3. She then played in the [[2012 Open GDF Suez|Paris]], whaur she lost in the quarterfinals tae eventual champion Angelique Kerber. As a result her ranking improved tae warld No. 2. [[File:Flickr - Carine06 - Maria Sharapova (1).jpg|thumb|left|Sharapova at the 2012 Summer Olympics, Julie 2012]] At the [[2012 BNP Paribas Open – Weemen's Singles|Indian Wells]], efter battling for ower three oors, Sharapova defeatit compatriot [[Maria Kirilenko]] tae set up a semifinal meetin wi [[Ana Ivanovic]]. Sharapova advanced tae the final efter Ivanovic retired due tae a hip injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkWBQLZ15wdEi6m7Hpp14Jg8J8mg?docId=CNG.697f089e0b767f4cfb209463a0122c94.61|title=Ivanovic sweats on extent of hip injury|publisher=[[Google]]|author=Greg Heakes|date=May 17, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615221223/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkWBQLZ15wdEi6m7Hpp14Jg8J8mg?docId=CNG.697f089e0b767f4cfb209463a0122c94.61|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the final, she played warld No. 1 Victoria Azarenka in a rematch o the Australian Open final, but lost again in straucht sets. Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2012 Sony Ericsson Open]], whaur she wis seedit 2nt an received a bye. In the final, Sharapova lost in straucht sets tae 5t seedit [[Agnieszka Radwańska]]. This wis her third loss o the year in finals oot o fower tournaments played sae far. In the [[2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Singles|Porsche Tennis Grand Prix]] in Stuttgart, Sharapova wis seedit seicont. She haed a bye in the first roond, an advanced tae the third roond efter [[Alizé Cornet]] retired in the seicont set. She won her first title o the year in Stuttgart efter defeatin warld number ane Victoria Azarenka. In daein sae, Sharapova defeatit three current Grand Slam title holders tae win the tournament. Sharapova then played on the [[2012 Mutua Madrid Open]], a premier mandatory event. In the third roond, Sharapova's opponent [[Lucie Šafářová]] wis unable tae compete an withdrew frae the tournament, earnin Sharapova a walkover intae the quarterfinals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2012/05/10/sharapova-serena-reach-madrid-open-quarters/|title=Sharapova, Serena reach Madrid Open quarters|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=May 10, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407103236/http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2012/05/10/sharapova-serena-reach-madrid-open-quarters/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She wis then beaten bi eventual champion [[Serena Williams]] in straucht sets. As the defendin champion an seicont seed at the [[2012 Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Italian Open]], Sharapova haed a bye in the first roond. In the semifinals, Sharapova defeatit Angelique Kerber tae advance tae the final for the seicont year in a row. In the final, Sharapova saved match pynt for a 2-oor 52 minute win ower [[Li Na]] for her 26t career title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/18138072|title=Maria Sharapova |publisher=BBC|date=May 20, 2013|accessdate=May 21, 2012}}</ref> This merked the fowert time Sharapova haed successfully defended a title. Sharapova wis seedit seicont at the [[2012 French Open|French Open]], whaur she defeatit [[Alexandra Cadanțu]], [[Petra Kvitová]] on her wey tae the finals, allouin her tae regain the warld No. 1 ranking. In the final, she defeatit [[Sara Errani]] for her first French Open title. Sharapova became anly the tenth woman tae complete a Career Grand Slam wi the French Open victory.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/sharapova-savours-her-sweetest-triumph-as-reward-for-comeback-7834856.html|title=Sharapova savours her 'sweetest triumph' as reward for comeback|date=June 11, 2012|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=June 11, 2012|archive-date=2012-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615110556/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/sharapova-savours-her-sweetest-triumph-as-reward-for-comeback-7834856.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the tournament, Sharapova wis an aa asked bi the [[Roushie Olympic Committee]] tae [[Leet o banner bearers for Roushie at the Olympics|cairy the Roushie banner]] in the [[2012 Simmer Olympics|Olympic Gemmes]], makin her the first female banner bearer for Roushie in Olympic history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/olympics/blog/eye-on-olympics/19352136/maria-sharapova-to-carry-russian-flag-in-opening-ceremony|title=Maria Sharapova to carry Russian flag in opening ceremony|publisher=CBS Sports|author=Reid Cherner|date=June 14, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova then extendit her win streak tae 15 matches when she competit in the [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles#Section 1|Wimbledon Championships]] as the tap seed thare for the first time in her career. Houiver, she wis upset in the fowert roond bi 15t-seedit [[Sabine Lisicki]], whom she beat in last year's semifinals. As a result, she lost her No. 1 ranking tae Victoria Azarenka. She played in the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Summer Olympic Gemmes]] in Lunnon, her first Olympics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/olympics/summer/2012/tennis/story/_/id/8229534/2012-london-olympics-serena-williams-maria-sharapova-play-gold-medal|title=Serena, Maria Sharapova in final|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=August 3, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> In the quarterfinals, Sharapova defeatit fellae umwhile No. 1 [[Kim Clijsters]] tae advance tae the semifinals, whaur she faced her compatriot, [[Maria Kirilenko]]. Sharapova defeatit Kirilenko tae reach the Olympic final, whaur she lost tae Serena Williams,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/tennis/9452056/London-2012-Olympics-Serena-Williams-storms-to-gold-medal-as-she-thrashes-Maria-Sharapova-in-womens-final.html|title=London 2012 Olympics: Serena Williams storms to gold medal as she thrashes Maria Sharapova in women's final |accessdate=August 4, 2012}}</ref> merking her worst defeat bi the American. Wi this performance, Sharapova owerteuk Agnieszka Radwańska as warld No. 2. Sharapova wis seedit third at the [[2012 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open]], but haed no haurd-court tune-ups efter the Olympics due tae a painch virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/27/sports/la-sp-sn-sharapova-not-pregnant-20120827|title=Maria Sharapova isn't pregnant, denies Istanbul wedding rumor|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|author=Diane Pucin|date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> In the fowert roond, [[Nadia Petrova]] teuk it tae a third set an wis winnin tilt a rain delay. Efter the delay, Sharapova came back an bure the gree. In the quarterfinals, she faced [[Marion Bartoli]], wha wis 4–0 up afore a rain delay, whilk delayed the match a hale day. Sharapova then came back frae a set doun tae win.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/more-sports/8342222/2012-us-open-maria-sharapova-once-again-reigns-rain|title=Maria Sharapova reigns after rain|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Jane McManus|date=September 6, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2012-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907134135/http://espn.go.com/espnw/more-sports/8342222/2012-us-open-maria-sharapova-once-again-reigns-rain|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the semifinals Sharapova lost tae warld No. 1 Victoria Azarenka. Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2012 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles|Toray Pan Pacific Open]] in Tokyo. She made it tae the quarterfinals, losin tae [[Samantha Stosur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/172129.html|title=Sharapova and Azarenka out in Tokyo|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=September 27, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2015-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224184335/http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/172129.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2012 Cheenae Open – Weemen's Singles|China Open]] she wis seedit seicont. In the finals she wis again defeatit bi Azarenka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/sportsscene/20121008/104625.shtml|title=Azarenka overwhelms Sharapova to win China Open|publisher=China Central Television|date=October 8, 2012|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104184818/http://english.cntv.cn/program/sportsscene/20121008/104625.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharapova's next tournament wis the [[2012 WTA Tour Championships|year-end championships]] in Istanbul, whaur she wis seedit [[2012 WTA Tour Championships – Singles|seicont]]. She defeatit [[Sara Errani]], [[Agnieszka Radwańska]], an [[Samantha Stosur]] in the roond-robin matches. In the semifinals, Sharapova beat Azarenka, bringin thair head-tae-head meetins tae 7–5 in Azarenka's favour. Awtho Sharapova made it tae the final, Azarenka clinched the year-end No. 1 rankin wi her twa roond-robin wins. She losst tae Serena Williams for the 13t consecutive time in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtachampionships.com/page/Scores/0,,12910,00.html|title=Scores|publisher=WTA|accessdate=June 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810072751/http://www.wtachampionships.com/page/Scores/0,,12910,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2013: Third shoulder injury=== Sharapova's first scheduled toornament o the [[2013 WTA Tour|2013 saison]] wis the [[2013 Brisbane International|Brisbane International]], whaur she wis seedit seicont. Housomiver, she withdrew frae the tournament afore it began, citin a collarbone injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/8798746/maria-sharapova-withdraws-brisbane-international-due-collarbone-pain|title=Maria Sharapova skips Brisbane|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=January 1, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> She stairtit her saison at the [[2013 Australian Open|Australian Open]] seedit seicont. She defeatit [[Olga Puchkova]] an [[Misaki Doi]] in the first twa roonds wioot losin a gemme in aither match, the first time a player haes won in back-tae-back [[double bagel]]s at a Grand Slam tournament syne the [[1985 Australian Open]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3042968/title/once-in-a-lifetime-for-sharapova|title=Once In A Lifetime For Sharapova|publisher=WTA|date=January 16, 2013|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova then defeatit [[Venus Williams]], [[Kirsten Flipkens]], an [[Ekaterina Makarova]], whaur in losin anly nine gemmes she broke [[Monica Seles]]' record o fewest gemmes dropped heidin intae a Grand Slam semifinal.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/21133423 Maria Sharapova and Li Na reach Australian Open semi-finals], BBC Sport, Retrieved 22 January 2013</ref> She lost tae [[Li Na]] in the semifinals. [[File:Maria Sharapova - Roland-Garros 2013 - 002.jpg|thumb|right|Sharapova at the French Open, Mey 2013]] She reached the semifinals at the [[Qatar Total Open]], losin tae [[Serena Williams]] for the 10t straucht time in her career.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/436019/20130216/serena-williams-maria-sharapova-wta-qatar-victoria.htm|title= Qatar Total Open: Williams Blasts Sharapova as New World Number One Rolls into Doha Final |publisher=International Business Times|author=Martin Baccardax|date=February 16, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Her next tournament wis [[BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]], whaur she wis seedit seicont. She received a bye intae the seicont roond an successfully reached the final wioot dropping a set, whaur she faced 2011 Indian wells champion an umwhile warld No. 1 [[Caroline Wozniacki]]. Efter an oor an twenty-ane minutes, Sharapova won the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/9062961/maria-sharapova-wins-indian-wells-title-caroline-wozniacki|title=Maria Sharapova wins Indian Wells|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=Martin Baccardax|date=March 17, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> This wis Maria's 28t career title an seicont at Indian Wells. Her win an aa made her the No. 2 player in the warld behind [[Serena Williams]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tennis.si.com/2013/03/17/sharapova-wins-indian-wells-bnp-wozniacki/|title=Maria Sharapova dominates Caroline Wozniacki for second Indian Wells title|publisher=SI.com|date=March 17, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ubitennis.com/english/sport/tennis/2013/03/21/862125-sharapova_aims_coast_coast_double.shtml|title=Sharapova aims for coast-to-coast double|publisher=Ubisporting|date=March 23, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2014-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606213820/http://www.ubitennis.com/english/sport/tennis/2013/03/21/862125-sharapova_aims_coast_coast_double.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2013/03/17/sharapova-sails-past-wozniacki-in-indian-wells-final/|title=Sharapova sails past Wozniacki in Indian Wells final|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=March 17, 2013|accessdate=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2015-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326045302/http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2013/03/17/sharapova-sails-past-wozniacki-in-indian-wells-final/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Maria then competit at the [[2013 Sony Open Tennis|Sony Open]]. Ance again she reached the final wioot dropping a set an faced warld No. 1 [[Serena Williams]]. Maria stairtit the match strang, winnin the first set. Houiver, Serena won the seicont an dominated the third set. This wis Maria's 11t consecutive loss against Serena.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/12/serena-williams-maria-sharapova-madrid-final_n_3262472.html|title= Serena Williams Beats Maria Sharapova To Win Madrid Open 2013, Retain No. 1 Ranking |author=Joseph Wilson|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=May 12, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1636598-serena-williams-vs-maria-sharapova-world-no-1-will-dominate-madrid-open-final|title=Serena Williams vs. Maria Sharapova: World No. 1 Will Dominate Madrid Open Final|publisher=Bleacher Report|author=Patrick Clarke|date=May 11, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Next, she played at the indoor clay event in Stuttgart, whaur she wis the defendin champion. Maria wis tap seed an haed a bye in the first roond. Her first three matches war lang three-setters: she first beat warld No. 25 [[Lucie Šafářová]], dropping the seicont set on a tiebreak, then [[Ana Ivanovic]], then in the semifinals she won against third seed [[Angelique Kerber]]. In the final, in what wis her ninth victory against the Cheenese oot o 14 matches, she beat seicont seed warld No. 5 [[Li Na]] in straucht sets tae win her 29t career title.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova beats Li Na to retain Stuttgart title|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/22331232|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> A week later, she competit at the [[2013 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid Open]], reachin the final, again wioot dropping a set. She faced [[Serena Williams]] for the 15t time, losin for the 12t consecutive time in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2013/05/12/Serena-Williams-repeats-as-Madrid-Open-champion/UPI-57451368363562/|title=Serena Williams repeats as Madrid Open champion|publisher= United Press International|date=May 12, 2013|accessdate=June 2, 2013}}</ref> Next, she played in Roum, whaur she wis seedit seicont an haed a bye in the first roond. She beat 16t seed [[Sloane Stephens]] in straucht sets (wi the loss o juist three gemmes) in the third roond, but then did nae play her quarterfinal match against seivent seed [[Sara Errani]] an retired frae the tournament due tae a viral illness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/17/sport/tennis/djokovic-nadal-tennis-sharapova|title=Djokovic loses at Rome Masters, hurting French Open preparations|publisher=CNN|date=May 18, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2013/05/17/serena-azarenka-reach-semis-sharapova-pulls-out-in-rome/|title=Serena, Azarenka reach semis; Sharapova pulls out in Rome|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=May 17, 2013|accessdate=May 22, 2013|archive-date=2015-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407103228/http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2013/05/17/serena-azarenka-reach-semis-sharapova-pulls-out-in-rome/|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2013 French Open]], Sharapova reached the final again, beatin Azarenka in three sets in the semifinals, but thare she lost in straucht sets tae [[Serena Williams]]. At [[2013 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] she wis comprehensively beaten in the seicont roond bi qualifier [[Michelle Larcher de Brito]]. Sharapova then returned tae the tour at the [[2013 Western & Southern Open]], whaur she lost her openin match tae Sloane Stephens in three sets. A week later Sharapova withdrew frae the U.S. Open citing a shoulder injury, which prematurely ended her saison.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova withdraws from the U.S. Open|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/2013/08/21/maria-sharapova-withdraws-us-open/2683231/|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=22 August 2013}}</ref> ===2014: Comeback and second French Open title=== {{main|2014 Maria Sharapova tennis season}} Sharapova haed nae played syne August 2013 due tae a recurring shoulder injury an made her comeback at the [[2014 Brisbane International]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova to make tennis comeback at Brisbane International|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/tennis/maria-sharapova-to-make-tennis-comeback-at-brisbane-international/story-fndkzym4-1226759913966|publisher=News.com.au|accessdate=14 November 2013|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.news.com.au/sport/tennis/maria-sharapova-to-make-tennis-comeback-at-brisbane-international/story-fndkzym4-1226759913966|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharapova advanced tae the semi-finals whaur she wis beaten in straucht sets bi [[Serena Williams]]. At the [[2014 Australian Open]] Sharapova, ranked 3rd, wis knocked oot o the tournament in the 4t roond bi the 20t seed, an eventual finalist, [[Dominika Cibulkova]]. Sharapova lost the match in 3 sets. Sharapova then participated in [[2014 Open GDF Suez – Singles|GDF Suez]] whaur she wis upset in the semifinals tae fellae Roushie an eventual tournament winner [[Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova]] in three sets. In Mairch, playin in the [[2014 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells Masters]], she wis beaten bi 22-year-auld Italian [[Camila Giorgi]] in the third roond, in three sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tennis.si.com/2014/03/10/maria-sharapova-camila-giorgi-indian-wells/ |title=Maria Sharapova ousted by Camila Giorgi in third round at Indian Wells &#124; Beyond The Baseline |publisher=Tennis.si.com |date= |accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> Therefore, due tae the WTA ranking seestem, this wad mean anither drop in ranking, bringin her tae warld No. 7. In Aprile, she won [[Weemen's Stuttgart Open|Stuttgart Open]], her first title o the year an 30t o her career bi defeatin [[Ana Ivanovic]] in three sets. Stuttgart is the anly tournament Sharapova haes won three times. In Mey, Maria won the [[2014 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid Open]], her seicont title o the year an first in [[Madrid]], defeatin [[Simona Halep]] in three sets. Wi nine clay titles, she joins Venus Williams as the third maist successfu active player on the surface.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Sharapova-wins-Madrid-Open-title/articleshow/34985579.cms|title=Sharapova wins Madrid Open title|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=May 11, 2014}}</ref> Sharapova then competit in the [[Italian Open (tennis)|Italian Open]] in Roum, whaur she made the third roond. She lost tae [[Ana Ivanovic]] in straucht sets. Sharapova wis seedit 7t at 2014 French Open an defeatit Ksenia Pervak, Tsvetana Pironkova, an Paula Ormaechea in the first 3 roonds, all in straucht sets. In the fowert roond she defeatit Samantha Stosur, reeling off nine straucht gemmes frae a set an 3–4 doun. This merked her 14t win in 16 meetins wi the Australian. In the quarters, she defeatit [[Garbine Muguruza]], again coming back frae a set doun, tae reach the semifinals at the French for the fowert consecutive year. In the semi-finals, she defeatit [[Eugenie Bouchard]], ance again coming back frae a set doun, tae reach her third consecutive [[French Open]] final. In the final, she defeatit [[Simona Halep]] in three sets tae win her seicont French Open title an fift oweraw Major title. This wis the first time syne 2001 whaur a third set wis contested in the final. The match teuk juist ower three oors, an haes been describit as ane o the best weemen's finals in recent years. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Meyers|first1=Nalia-Jean|title=Maria Sharapova Wins French Open|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/sports/tennis/maria-sharapova-wins-french-open.html?_r=0|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=June 7, 2014}}</ref> The [[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2014 Wimbledon Championships]] will be her next tournament as Sharapova chose nae tae play a warm-up event afore the third Grand Slam o the saison gets underway.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/tennis/article-2654515/Maria-Sharapova-hops-London-Underground-seeing-boyfriend-Grigor-Dimitrov-beat-James-Ward-Queens-Club.html#ixzz34HRs4TtE Maria Sharapova hops on the London Underground] Dailymail. 10-06-2014. Retrieved 11-06-2014.</ref> At the [[2014 Wimbledon Championships]], Sharapova reached the fowert roond, whaur she lost tae German [[Angelique Kerber]], the ninth seed, in three sets. Sharapova then played the [[2014 Rogers Cup]] in [[Montreal]] whaur she wis the 4t seed. She received a first roond bye an faced [[Garbine Muguruza]] in her opener, she won in 3 sets. In the follaein roond she lost in 3 sets tae Muguruza's compatriot, [[Carla Suarez Navarro]]. At the [[2014 Western & Southern Open]], Sharapova wis seedit 5t an defeatit [[Madison Keys]] efter haein a first roond bye. She then went on tae defeat Pavlyuchenkova an newly crowned warld no.2 [[Simona Halep]] tae reach the last fower. She faced Ivanovic again but lost in a roller coaster three-setter despite haein twa match pynts. Sharapova then travelled tae New York for the [[2014 US Open (tennis)|US Open]] whaur she wis the 5t seed. She defeatit compatriot [[Maria Kirilenko]] an Romanian [[Alexandra Dulgheru]] afore overcoming 26t seedit German [[Sabine Lisicki]] in roond 3 tae set up a clash wi [[Caroline Wozniacki]] in the roond o 16. Sharapova lost tae the Dane in 3 sets. Sharapova next played the inaugural 2014 Wuhan open whaur she wis seedit 4t. Efter receiving a first roond bye she defeatit compatriot Svetlana Kuznetsova in 3 sets an next faced [[Timea Bacsinszky]]. Awtho Sharapova won thair 2 previous encounters she wis stunned bi Timea in 2 tight sets sicweys endin her campaign at the premier 5 tournament. The follaein week Sharapova played the China Open in Beijing a Premier Mandatory-level tournament. Reachin the final wioot dropping a set, Sharapova defeatit warld No. 9 Ana Ivanovic in the semis. In the final Sharapova met reigning Wimbledon champion an warld No. 3 Petra Kvitova. Sharapova won the match in 2 oors 30 minutes, defeatin the Czech in three sets. Bi virtue o the win, Sharapova's ranking rose frae No. 4 tae No. 2 in the warld an she secured hersel the seicont seeding for the WTA year end Championship. An aa, Sharapova closed in on the year end number ane ranking spot, bein juist 467 pynts behind Williams. Maria wis ranked No. 2 heidin intae the WTA Tour Championships, wi a chance o owertakin [[Serena Williams]] as warld No. 1. She wis drawn in the white group, wi [[Petra Kvitova]], [[Agnieszka Radwanska]] an [[Caroline Wozniacki]]. Her first match wis a three set loss tae Wozniacki. Maria an aa lost her 2nt roond robin match tae Kvitova in straucht sets; her first loss tae Petra syne 2011. Maria still haed a chance o makin the Semis, houiver she needed tae beat Radwanska in twa sets, an Wozniacki needed tae beat Petra in straucht sets as well. She ended her year wi a win against Radwanska in three sets, finishin3rd oweraw in the White group. She ended the year as warld No. 2, behind [[Serena Williams]]. ===2015: Fourth Australian Open final=== {{main|2015 Maria Sharapova tennis season}} Sharapova kicked off her 2015 saison at the Brisbane International whaur she wis tap seed an received a bye in the first roond. Sharapova defeatit Yaroslava Shvedova an Carla Suarez Navarro. In the semi finals Sharapova faced Elina Svitolina, beatin her in straucht sets. Reachin the final wioot dropping a set, Sharapova played an intense match against seicont seed Ana Ivanovic but came throu in three sets. This wis Sharapova's 10t win ower Ivanovic an bi winnin her 34th title, it meant that Sharapova haes won at least ane title every year for 13 consecutive years. An aa, it wis juist her seicont title in Australie sae far, an for baith she beat Ivanovic. Sharapova's next tournament wis the 2015 Australian Open, whaur she beat [[Petra Martić]] an fellae countrywoman [[Alexandra Panova]] (despite haein twa match pynts against her) in the first twa roonds, afore beatin [[Zarina Diyas]] an [[Peng Shuai]] in straucht sets. Thare, she beat seivent-seedit [[Eugenie Bouchard]] an fellae Roushie [[Ekaterina Makarova]] in straucht sets tae mak her fowert Australian Open final, whaur she lost tae [[Serena Williams]] in straucht sets, worsening her record against her tae 2–17. In Februar, follaein her participation in the [[2015 Fed Cup|Fed Cup]], Sharapova played in [[2015 Abierto Mexicano Telcel|Acapulco]], whaur she beat [[Shelby Rogers]], [[Mariana Duque Mariño]] an [[Magdaléna Rybáriková]] tae advance the semifinals. Sharapova later withdrew frae her match against [[Caroline Garcia]], citing a painch virus. Next, in [[2015 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]], she beat [[Yanina Wickmayer]] an [[Victoria Azarenka]] in straucht sets, afore losin tae defendin champion [[Flavia Pennetta]] in the fowert roond in three sets. Efter receiving a bye in the first roond o the [[2015 Miami Open|Miami Open]], Sharapova lost in the seicont roond tae fellae Roushie [[Daria Gavrilova]] in straucht sets, merking her earliest exit frae the tournament syne her first appearance in Miami in 2003. Sharapova began her clay saison in [[2015 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Stuttgart]] whaur she wis the three time defendin champion. Efter receiving a first roond bye, she lost in the seicont roond tae [[Angelique Kerber]] in three sets, snapping Sharapova's win streak at the tournament an merking her first ever loss at the tournament haein won it three times in a row ([[2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|2012]], [[2013 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|2013]], & [[2014 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|2014]]). The loss an aa snapped a 64 match win streak on clay whaur Sharapova won the first set an went on tae win the match. The last time Sharapova lost a match on clay efter winnin the first set wis against [[Dinara Safina]] in the fowert roond at the [[2008 French Open]]. As a result o the loss Sharapova lost the No. 2 ranking tae [[Simona Halep]]. Sharapova's next clay court tournament wis the Madrid Open whaur she wis the defendin champion. She advanced tae the semifinals. Thare, she wis beaten bi Svetlana Kuznetsova for the first time syne 2008. Sharapova's next tournament wis be the Italian Open in Roum whaur she wis seedit 3rd. She beat [[Victoria Azarenka]] in the quarterfinals in straucht sets tae set up a re-match wi [[Daria Gavrilova]]. She beat Gavrilova in straucht sets tae advance tae the final, whaur she faced [[Carla Suarez Navarro]]. Efter losin the first set, Sharapova managed tae claim the next twa sets an her third [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Roum]] title. Bi winnin Roum, Sharapova reclaimed the No. 2 ranking ower Halep. ==Fed Cup participation== Sharapova haes lived in the United States syne muivin thare at the age o seiven, but retains her Roushie citizenship, an is therefore eligible tae play in the [[Fed Cup]] for Roushie.<ref name="pravda">{{cite web|url=http://english.pravda.ru/society/stories/11-10-2005/9051-sharapova-0/|title=Maria Sharapova unwilling to trade her Russian citizenship for anything|publisher=[[Pravda]]|date=October 11, 2005|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Houiver, the behaviour o Sharapova's faither during her matches on the WTA Tour, combined wi a perceived lack o commitment bi her tae the Fed Cup, haes made her selection for the [[Roushie Fed Cup team]] cause controversy in the past. Efter Sharapova haed beaten fellae Roushie [[Anastasia Myskina]] at the [[2004 WTA Tour Championships]], Myskina criticized Sharapova's faither, saying: "He was just yelling and screaming instructions to her and I thought he just might jump right on the court at one point in the match." At the Fed Cup semifinals twa weeks later, Myskina stated she wad stap playin for Roushie if Sharapova jynt the Roushie team the follaein saison: "If she joins our team next season you won't see me there for sure. His behaviour is totally incorrect, simply rude. I don't want to be around people like him." [[Larisa Neiland]], assistant tae Roushie Fed Cup captain Shamil Tarpishchev, added: "Her father's behaviour (at the WTA Tour Championships) was simply outrageous. I just don't see how he could work with the rest of us." Houiver Tarpishchev himsel played doun the problem, insisting: "I feel that things will calm down soon and we'll have Myskina, Sharapova, Kuznetsova and everyone else playing for Russia."<ref name="myskina">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4040243.stm|title=Myskina stands by Fed Cup threat|publisher=BBC|date=November 25, 2004|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> At the end o 2005, Sharapova stated she wis nou keen tae mak her Fed Cup debut<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4326784.stm|title=Sharapova keen to play for Russia|publisher=BBC|date=October 10, 2005|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> an wis set tae play against Belgium in Aprile 2006, but withdrew.<ref name="sharapovadelays">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4788132.stm|title=Sharapova delays debut for Russia|publisher=BBC|date=March 8, 2006|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> She later withdrew frae ties against Spain in Aprile 2007<ref name="missfedcup">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6520271.stm|title=Sharapova to miss Fed Cup debut|publisher=BBC|date=April 2, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> an against the United States in Julie 2007 acause o injuries.<ref name="pulloutangers">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6288526.stm|title=Sharapova pull-out angers Russia|publisher=BBC|date=July 10, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> The latter withdrawal led tae Roushie's captain saying she wad be "ineligible for selection" for the Fed Cup final in September.<ref name="forfedcup">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6904802.stm|title=Russia drop Sharapova for Fed Cup|publisher=BBC|date=July 16, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Houiver, Sharapova attended the final, cheering frae the sidelines an actin as a "hitting partner" in practices, resultin in some o her Roushie teammates implying that she wis attending anly tae enable her tae play at the [[Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing Olympics]] (rules state that players must hae "shown commitment" tae Fed Cup in order tae play). [[Svetlana Kuznetsova]] said, "She said she wanted to be our practice partner but if you can't play how then can you practice?"<ref name="rowover">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6999113.stm|title=Row over Sharapova's Fed Cup show|publisher=BBC|date=September 17, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova finally made her Fed Cup debut in Februar 2008, in Roushie's quarterfinal tie against [[Israel Fed Cup team|Israel]].<ref name="Fedcupdebut" >{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tennis/sharapova-set-to-make-fed-cup-debut/2008/01/22/1200764265448.html|title=Sharapova set to make Fed Cup debut|work=The Age|accessdate=May 4, 2013|date=January 23, 2008}}</ref> She won baith her singles rubbers, against [[Tzipora Obziler]] an [[Shahar Pe'er]], helpin Roushie tae a 4–1 victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fedcup.com/en/results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100010107|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630213658/http://www.fedcup.com/en/results/tie/details.aspx?tieId=100010107|archivedate=2008-06-30|publisher=Fed Cup|title=Fed Cup: Israel vs. Russia tie|date=February 2–3, 2008|accessdate=June 12, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> For the semifinals, she wis gien permission tae skip the tie, wi Tarpishchev annooncin that she will be on the team for the final.<ref name="theage">{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tennis/sharapova-set-to-make-fed-cup-debut/2008/01/22/1200764265448.html|publisher=The Age Company Ltd.|work=The Age|accessdate=September 6, 2011|date=January 23, 2008|title=Sharapova set to make Fed Cup debut}}</ref> Houiver, the date o the final coincided wi the lay-off frae her shoulder injury, an sicweys she did nae play.<ref name="theage" /> In the 2011 first-roond tie, Sharapova played [[Virginie Razzano]] o Fraunce an lost. Sharapova wis supposed tae play [[Alizé Cornet]] but she wis sufferin frae a viral illness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-france-viral-illness/|title=Sharapova pulls out of Gaz de France due to viral illness|publisher=TV-Novosti|work=[[Roushie Today]]|date=February 10, 2011|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-16|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616031235/http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-france-viral-illness/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Teammate [[Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova]] played an defeatit Cornet tae secure the 3–2 win for Roushie against Fraunce. Sharapova continued tae participate in 2012 an helped Roushie tae a 3–2 win against Spain in the first-roond tie. Sharapova defeatit [[Silvia Soler Espinosa]] in the first rubber, but wis unable tae play her seicont rubber due tae illness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-russia-serbia-fed-cup-tarpischev-573/|title=Sharapova to miss Fed Cup semis|publisher=TV-Novosti|work=[[Roushie Today]]|date=February 6, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615221251/http://rt.com/sport/tennis/sharapova-russia-serbia-fed-cup-tarpischev-573/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, Sharapova helped Roushie earn a place in the semifinals efter beatin Pole [[Urszula Radwanska]] in the first tie an her sister [[Agnieszka Radwanska]] in the seicont tie. ==Playing style== Sharapova is an aggressive baseliner wi pouer, depth, an angles on her forehaund an backhaund.<ref name="profile">Jeff Cooper. [http://tennis.about.com/od/playersfemale/a/sharapovagp.htm Maria Sharapova – Tennis Game Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208143919/http://tennis.about.com/od/playersfemale/a/sharapovagp.htm |date=2016-12-08 }}, About.com. Retrieved July 23, 2008.</ref> She is ane o the few players on the WTA tour that aften uises the reverse forehaund. Insteid o uisin a tradeetional [[volley (tennis)|volley]] or owerheid [[Smash (tennis)|smash]], she wad as leif hit a pouerfu "swingin" volley whan approachin the net or attackin [[Lob (tennis)|lobs]].<ref>Douglas Robson. [http://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/wimb/2007-06-24-volleys_N.htm Swinging, midcourt volley becomes key weapon among pros], ''USA Today'', June 25, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2008.</ref> Sharapova is thocht tae hae guid speed aroond the court, inspecially conseederin her heicht.<ref name="profile"/> At the beginnin o 2008, some observers noted that Sharapova haed developpit her game, shawin improved movement an footwork an the addition o a [[drop shot]] an sliced backhaund tae her repertoire o shots.<ref>Steve Bierley. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/jan/23/tennis.australianopen2008 Sharapova adds variety to end Henin run], ''The Guardian'', January 23, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thetennistimes.com/maria-sharapova/|title=Maria Sharapova Scouting report|publisher=Thetennistimes.com|accessdate=August 7, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007231236/http://thetennistimes.com/maria-sharapova/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite her powerful game, Sharapova's greatest asset is considered tae be her mental toughness an competitive spirit, wi Nick Bollettieri statin that she is "tough as nails". Haw-o-famer [[John McEnroe]] said o Sharapova, "she's one of the best competitors in the history of the sport."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/07/04/1088879371559.html|author=Linda Pearce|work=The Age |title=Sharapova's arrival a victory for mental toughness|date=July 5, 2004|accessdate=June 12, 2010|location=Melbourne}}</ref> Sharapova is kent for on-court "[[grunting (tennis)|grunting]]", which reached a recorded 101 [[decibel]]s during a match at [[2005 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon in 2005]].<ref name="grunting">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4118708.stm|title=Why do women tennis stars grunt?|author=Megan Lane|publisher=BBC|date=June 22, 2005|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> During her seicont roond match in Birmingham in 2003, Sharapova wis asked tae tone doun the level o her grunt efter opponent [[Nathalie Dechy]] complained tae the umpire, wi Sharapova's response saying that her grunting wis "a natural instinct."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/06/12/878185.htm|title=Scream queen Sharapova warned to silence screams|date=June 12, 2003|accessdate=July 4, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Monica Seles]] suggestit that gruntin is involuntary an a pairt o tennis.<ref name="GruntTelegraph">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1523117/Grunting-is-just-part-of-my-game-claims-Sharapova.html|title=Grunting is just part of my game, claims Sharapova|author=Catriona Davies|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=September 24, 2008|accessdate=October 19, 2008}}</ref> When questioned bi the media aboot her grunting, Sharapova urged the media tae "just watch the match."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4649550.stm|title=Beaten Sharapova turns on media|publisher=BBC|date=January 26, 2006|accessdate=June 2, 2008}}</ref> Her defensive gemme haes been worked on bi her new coach, an this haes reflected in her results, makin consecutive semi-finals at premier mandatory events on the tour. Later in her career, Sharapova an aa added drop shots tae her repertoire, makin for a mair unpredictable gemme style. ===Serve=== [[File:Maria Sharapova at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships 12 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sharapova at The Championships, Wimbledon in 2009.]] Early in her career Sharapova's first an seicont serves war regarded as powerful,<ref name="profile"/> an she wis believed tae possess ane o the best deliveries on the Tour.<ref name="Serve1" /> Syne the beginnin o 2007, houiver, problems wi her shoulder hae reduced the effectiveness o her serve.<ref name="Serve1">{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=3046996|author=Joel Drucker|publisher=ESPN Tennis|title=Lingering injuries or limitations coming to light for Sharapova|date=October 3, 2007|accessdate=June 12, 2010}}</ref> The shoulder injury nae anly resulted in her inconsistent first serves, but an aa her hitting heich nummers o double faults.<ref>[http://www.tennis.com/features/general/features.aspx?id=108430 "Bottom line for the top women, 2007"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124055318/http://www.tennis.com/features/general/features.aspx?id=108430 |date=2007-11-24 }}, Tennis.com. Retrieved July 23, 2008.</ref> Twa-time US Open singles champion [[Tracy Austin]] believes that Sharapova eften loses confidence in the rest o her gemme when she experiences problems wi her serve an consequently produces mair unforced errors an generally plays mair tentatively,<ref name="austin">{{cite web|author=Tracy Austin|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/25396610/|title=Austin: Sharapova loss a win for Venus and Serena|work=NBC Sports|date=June 27, 2008|accessdate=July 23, 2008|archive-date=2008-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714023402/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/25396610/|url-status=dead}}</ref> while tennis writer Joel Drucker remarked that her serve wis the "catalyst for her entire game", an that her struggles wi it left her "unmasked."<ref name="Serve1" /> In her return frae layoff in 2008 tae 2009, she uised an abbreviated motion, which wis somewhat less powerful, an tho producin aces an aa gae a very heich number o double faults. Efter her early loss at the [[2009 US Open (tennis)|2009 US Open]], Sharapova returned tae a mair elangatit motion, seemilar tae her pre-surgery serve. She haes syne been able tae produce speeds greater than afore, includin a 121&nbsp;mph serve hit at the Birmingham tournament in 2010 – the fastest serve o her career.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/7841792/Wimbledon-2010-Maria-Sharapova-fighting-fit-at-last-and-ready-to-reclaim-her-SW19-crown.html|title=Wimbledon 2010: Maria Sharapova fighting fit at last and ready to reclaim her SW19 crown|author=Mark Hodgkinson|date=June 21, 2010|accessdate=June 21, 2010|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Houiver syne her shoulder operation Sharapova haes been unable tae control her serve. This haes led tae numerous faults, as she is unable tae feel how much power she is generating.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/09/sports/sp-la-women-tennis9|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Diane|last=Pucin|title=Maria Sharapova can't control her serve|date=August 9, 2009}}</ref> The new action led tae an elbow injury, but unner Thomas Högstedt it haes improved but can still be erratic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.optimumtennis.net/maria-sharapova-serve.htm|title=Maria Sharapova Serve Analysis – A Look Behind the Sharapova Serve Technique|publisher=Optimumtennis.net|accessdate=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2015-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216153525/http://www.optimumtennis.net/maria-sharapova-serve.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> This improvement in serving can be seen in the 2013 Australian Open an follaein tournaments whaur Maria Sharapova committed fewer double faults than in previous years. ===Surfaces=== Acause she predicates her gemme on power, Sharapova's preferred surfaces early in her career war the fast-playin haurd an gress courts, as evident throu her 25 victories on haurd court an gress court. This is maist notable when she won the [[2004 Wimbledon]], [[2006 US Open (tennis)|2006 U.S. Open]] an [[2008 Australian Open]] crowns, whaur she haed her career breakthrough an played her peak tennis level, respectively. Sharapova initially wis nae as well-suited tae the slower clay courts as she is on haurd an gress courts. Sharapova admitted in 2007 that she wis nae as comfortable wi her movement on clay compared wi ither court surfaces an ance describit hersel as lik a "cow on ice" efter a match on clay,<ref name="cow">Barry Flatman. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/tennis/article1867693.ece Sharapova: a cow on ice?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322090351/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |date=2020-03-22 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-09-29 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170402233443/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |archive-date=2017-04-02 |url-status=bot: unknown}}, ''The Times'', May 31, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2008.</ref> due tae her inability tae slide. Later in her career, she showed improvement on this surface wi respect tae experience, as evidenced wi her first WTA reid clay title at the [[2010 Internationaux de Strasbourg]], 7 years syne playin on the WTA circuit. She won her first French Open title an capturt the career grand slam at the [[2012 French Open]] an as o 2014 leads the WTA tour o active players wi the heichest winnin percentage on clay, wi an 84.25% winnin rate.<ref name="tennis.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2014/04/dont-have-cow/51317/#.U2WX28JOVwU |title=tennis.com – Don't Have a Cow<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2015-06-09 |archive-date=2016-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2014/04/dont-have-cow/51317/#.U2WX28JOVwU |url-status=dead }}</ref> Syne her shoulder injury, her best surface haes acome clay ower gress & haurd courts, an wi her victory at the [[2014 French Open]], she haes nou won the French Open twice, which is mair times than she haes won ony ither slam, an her last 3 Grand Slam Finals hae all been at the French Open (3 consecutive finals frae 2012–2014). ==Personal life== ===Relationships=== Sharapova haes dated [[Maroon 5]] sangster [[Adam Levine]]. The couple dated for a short time in 2005 efter meetin at Sharapova's 18t birthday pairty. Houiver, the couple broke up suin. In 2008, Sharapova briefly dated American telly producer [[Charlie Ebersol]] but the pair split suin efter. In 2011, Sharapova wis engaged tae Slovenian professional basketball player [[Sasha Vujačić]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tmz.com/2010/10/21/maria-sharapova-sasha-vujacic-engaged-proposed-los-angeles-lakers/|title=Maria Sharapova & Sasha Vujacic – Engaged|publisher=[[TMZ.com|TMZ]]|date=October 21, 2010|accessdate=October 21, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=5713080|title=Maria Sharapova betrothed to guard|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=October 21, 2010|accessdate=October 22, 2010}}</ref> The twa haed been datin syne 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/sports_blog/2009/11/lakers-sasha-vujacic-maria-sharapova-dating.html|title=The Fabulous Forum: Are Sasha Vujacic and Maria Sharapova dating?|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 3, 2009|accessdate=June 18, 2010}}</ref> On August 31, 2012, Sharapova confirmed that the pair haed ended the engagement an separated during early 2012. Later that year, she began datin Bulgarian tennis player [[Grigor Dimitrov]]. The twa confirmed thair relationship efter the 2013 Madrid Open. ===Public profile=== Sharapova haes lived in the United States syne muivin thare at the age o seiven. Besides a home in [[Bradenton]], Florida, she an aa haes a residence in [[Manhattan Beach, California]].<ref name="peoplemagazine">{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,1183711,00.html|title=Celebrity Q & A – Maria Sharapova|publisher=[[People Magazine]]|date=April 17, 2006|author=Kathy Ehrich-Dowd|access-date=2015-06-09|archive-date=2008-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223093250/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C26334%2C1183711%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Frae 2005 tae 2011, Sharapova wis named tae the [[Forbes Celebrity 100]], which attempts tae compile the tap 100 maist powerful celebrities o that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/maria-sharapova|title=The Celebrity 100|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=June 28, 2011}}</ref> Sharapova haes made varyin remarks on how lang she intends tae maintain her tennis career. Follaein the retirement o 25-year-auld [[Justine Henin]] in 2008, Sharapova said, "If I was 25 and I'd won so many Grand Slams, I'd quit too."<ref name="henin">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7401565.stm|title=Henin is best of her generation|publisher=BBC|date=May 15, 2008|accessdate=July 23, 2008}}</ref> In an interview efter the [[2008 Australian Open]], she balked at the idea o playin for anither ten years, saying that she hoped tae hae a "nice husband and a few kids" bi then.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/22856899/|title=Billie Jean King's text inspired Sharapova|agency=Associated Press|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|date=January 26, 2008|accessdate=October 24, 2008|archive-date=2008-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607055611/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/22856899/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Houiver in an interview afore her [[2012 Australian Open]] semifinal, Sharapova changed her stance, saying she intendit tae continue playin tennis for as lang as she enjoyed playin the game. Sharapova stated "I'm sure when I was 17 years old and someone said, you'll be playing for another eight years, it would be like, you're not going to see me at a press conference at 25 years old. But years go on. I missed a year in my career—I didn't play that year. I've said this, just before the tournament, a few weeks before, I woke up and I was just so happy to be going back on the court. I felt so fresh, full of energy, just with a really good perspective. Times change, obviously. I see myself playing this sport for many more years because it's something that gives me the most pleasure in my life. I think it helps when you know you're good at something, and you can always improve it. It obviously helps with the encouragement."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportal.com.au/tennis-opinion-display/maria-not-ready-for-veterans-list-158083 |title=Maria not ready for veteran's list – Tennis – Sportal Australia |publisher=Sportal.com.au |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2012 |first=Bren |last=O'Brien at |archive-date=2012-09-15 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915060011/http://www.sportal.com.au/tennis-opinion-display/maria-not-ready-for-veterans-list-158083 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|2004 US Open]], Sharapova, alang wi several ither Roushie female tennis players, wore a black ribbon in observance o the tragedy efter the [[Beslan schuil hostage crisis]], whilk teuk place anly days afore.<ref name="espn">{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen04/news/story?id=1874900|title=Sharapova puts loss in perspective|publisher=[[ESPN]]|author=David Boroff|date=September 6, 2004|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> In 2005, she donated aroond US$50,000 tae thaim that wis affeckit bi the crisis.<ref name="wtacareer"/> On Februar 14, 2007, Sharapova wis appyntit a [[UNDP Goodwill Ambassador|Goodwill Ambassador]] for the [[UNDP|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) an donated US$210,000 tae [[Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme (CRDP)|UNDP Chernobyl-recovery projects]]. She stated at the time that she wis planning tae traivel back tae the aurie efter Wimbledon in 2008,<ref name="usatoday">{{cite web|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2007-08-13-799623401_x.htm|title=Maria Sharapova plans 1st trip back to Chernobyl since family fled|publisher=USAToday|author=Beth Harris|date=August 13, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> tho it didn't happen, as she haed tae traivel back tae the US acause o shoulder injury.<ref name="wimbledon">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629223721/http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/news/interviews/2010-06-28/201006281277743223156.html|archivedate=2010-06-29|url=http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/news/interviews/2010-06-28/201006281277743223156.html|title=Interview with Sharapova|publisher=WTA|accessdate=May 4, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> She fulfilled the trip in late Juin – early Julie 2010. Sharapova haes helped tae promote the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] in [[Sochi]], Roushie,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/sport/interview-with-maria-sharapova/|publisher=TV-Novosti|work=[[Roushie Today]]|accessdate=May 4, 2013|title=Interview with Maria Sharapova|date=May 11, 2007}}</ref> an wis the first torch bearer in the torch-lichtin ceremony during the openin festivities. In addition, wi [[Angela Haynes]], [[Maria Kirilenko]], [[Nicole Vaidišová]], [[Rennae Stubbs]], Governor [[Jeb Bush]] an [[Jennifer Capriati]], Sharapova participated in an exhibition in Tampa in December 2004, raisin money for the Florida Hurricane Relief Fund.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/story/7874647|title=Capriati, Sharapova to play benefit for hurricane victims|publisher=CBS Sports|date=November 10, 2004|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615221331/http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/story/7874647|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Julie 2008, Sharapova sent a message on DVD tae the memorial service o cancer victim Emily Bailes, wha haed performed the coin toss aheid o the [[2004 Wimbledon Championships|2004 Wimbledon final]] that Sharapova haed gane on tae win.<ref name="bbcnews">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_midlands/7489565.stm|title=Service held for Wimbledon girl|publisher=BBC|date=July 4, 2008|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> ==Endorsements== [[File:Maria Sharapova, December 2008.jpg|thumb|Sharapova at offeecial unveilin o her [[Canon PowerShot]] Diamond lineup]] Sharapova's tennis success an appearance hae enabled her tae secure commercial endorsements that greatly exceed the value o her tournament winnins.<ref name="marcganis">Marc Ganis, the president of SportsCorp Ltd., a sports-industry consultant in Chicago, said, "Never underestimate the importance of physical beauty to an athlete's endorsement opportunities. Other than performance on the court, it may be the single most important asset." ''The New York Times''. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/03/sports/tennis/03endorse.html?fta=y Serving Their Clients], September 7, 2006</ref><ref name="hbswk">"It does not hurt that Sharapova is regarded as one of the most beautiful athletes in the world." [http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5607.html Marketing Maria: Managing the Athlete Endorsement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025025827/http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5607.html |date=2015-10-25 }}, [[Harvard Business School]] Lessons from the classroom, Sara Jane Gilbert, October 29, 2007. Retrieved on June 1, 2008.</ref> In Mairch 2006, Forbes magazine listed her as the heichest-peyed female athlete in the warld, wi annual earnins o ower US $18&nbsp;million,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2006/03/22/woods-sharapova-nike_cx_lr_0322athletes_2.html|title=The World's Best-Paid Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 22, 2006}}</ref> the majority f which wis frae endorsements an sponsorships. She haes topped that leet every year syne, even efter her 2007 shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite web|title = World's Highest-Paid Women Athletes|url =http://www.topendsports.com/world/lists/earnings/women-paid.htm|accessdate =May 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/22/women-athletes-endorsements-biz-sports-cx_tvr_kb_0722athletes.html|title=Top-Earning Female Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|date=July 22, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/2010/08/18/top-earning-female-athletes-business-sportsmoney-female-athletes.html|title=The World's Highest-Paid Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|date=August 18, 2010}}</ref> In 2011, ''Forbes'' listed Sharapova as No. 29 in thair leet o 50 tap-peyed athletes, the anly woman on the leet.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kurt Badenhausen |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106040824/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2011/05/31/the-worlds-highest-paid-athletes/2/ |archivedate=2012-11-06 |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2011/05/31/the-worlds-highest-paid-athletes/ |title=The World's Highest-Paid Athletes |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 18, 2012 |accessdate=May 5, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, she wis listed as No. 15, an wis jynt in the tap 20 bi [[Li Na]] at No. 16 an [[Serena Williams]] at No. 17.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2012/06/18/mayweather-tops-list-of-the-worlds-100-highest-paid-athletes/|title=Mayweather Tops List Of The World's 100 Highest-Paid Athletes|work=[[Forbes]]|author=Kurt Badenhausen|date=June 18, 2012|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}</ref> In Aprile 2005, ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' named her ane o the 50 maist beautiful celebrities in the warld.<ref>{{cite web|title = PEOPLE's 50 Most Beautiful People|url = http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1046248_1054061,00.html|date = April 27, 2005|accessdate = May 5, 2013|archive-date = 2016-05-04|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160504191335/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1046248_1054061,00.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> In 2006, ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'' ranked Sharapova the hettest athlete in the warld for the fowert consecutive year. She posed in a sax-page bikini photoshuit spread in the 2006 [[Valentine's Day]] issue o the ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue]]'', alangside 25 supermodels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/swimsuit/coverfeatured/10256/index.htm|title=2006 SWIMSUIT COVER|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=September 4, 1995|accessdate=May 5, 2013|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209072152/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/swimsuit/coverfeatured/10256/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a poll run bi Britain's ''[[FHM]]'' magazine, she wis voted the seivent maist eligible bachelorette,<ref name="newscomau">{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21300664-10388,00.html|work=News.com.au|title=Rod's daughter most eligible|date=February 28, 2007|accessdate=May 4, 2013|archive-date=2007-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303091807/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,21300664-10388,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> based on baith "wealth and looks." Immediately efter her win at the 2004 Wimbledon Championship, mobile phone company [[Motorola]] signed Sharapova tae endorse thair mobile phone line.<ref name=nytdress/> Additionally, she appeared in commercials for [[Land Rover]] an [[Canon (company)|Canon]], as well as approved o namesake items bi watch brand [[Tag Heuer]] an jeweller [[Tiffany & Co.|Tiffany]].<ref name=nytdress/> Tiffany an aa provides Sharapova wi earrings frae the "Tiffany for Maria Sharapova" collection at the fower major events, that are an aa retailed globally.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://press.tiffany.com/News/NewsItem.aspx?id=130 |title=Tiffany & Co. For The Press &#124; News &#124; Maria Sharapova to Wear Tiffany Earrings at the 2011 French Open &#124; United States |publisher=Tiffany & Co. |date=May 11, 2011 |accessdate=June 11, 2012 |archive-date=2013-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108004447/http://press.tiffany.com/News/NewsItem.aspx?id=130 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She an aa starred in an awaird winnin campaign for the sports claedin brand Nike, "[[Pretty (advertisement)|Pretty]]", in the simmer o 2006. She signed a sponsorship deal in Januar 2007 wi [[Gatorade]] an [[Tropicana Products|Tropicana]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2007/01/Issue-72/Sponsorships-Advertising-Marketing/Pepsico-Inks-Sharapova-To-Promote-Gatorade-Tropicana-Brands.aspx |title=PepsiCo Inks Sharapova To Promote Gatorade, Tropicana Brands |publisher=SportsBusiness Journal |date=January 3, 2007 |accessdate=September 10, 2014 }}</ref> which ended in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/mariasharapova/5163203/Maria-Sharapova-loses-tennis-fizz-as-Pepsi-end-deal.html |title=Maria Sharapova loses tennis fizz as Pepsi end deal |publisher=''The Telegraph'' |date=April 16, 2009 |first=Rod |last=Gilmour |accessdate=September 10, 2014 }}</ref> In 2007, Sharapova wis featurt in a nummer o Canon USA's commercials for the PowerShot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letsgodigital.org/en/14539/maria-sharapova/|title=Maria Sharapova in Canon PowerShot commercial|publisher=LetsGoDigital|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}</ref> Sharapova haes an aa been depicted in mony tennis-relatit video gemmes. Some o the titles include the ''[[Top Spin (video game)|Top Spin series]]'', ''[[Virtua Tennis]]'' series, an ''[[Grand Slam Tennis]]'' series. During the layoff due tae her shoulder surgery, sensing the fleeting naitur o a professional athlete's career, Sharapova decidit tae focus on developin her name as a brand, beginnin wi meetin wi her sponsors mair extensively tae further her brand.<ref name=nytdress/> In Januar 2010, it wis annoonced that Sharapova haed renewed her contract wi Nike, signin an 8-year deal for $70&nbsp;million. This is the maist lucrative deal ever for a sportswoman, dwarfing the previous record, which wis Venus Williams' $43&nbsp;million deal wi Reebok.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2010/jan/12/maria-sharapova-nike-deal|title=Maria Sharapova signs £43m deal with Nike|work=[[The Guardian]]|author=Simon Cambers|accessdate=May 5, 2013|date=January 12, 2010}}</ref> Follaein in the fitsteps o tennis players wha stairtit claedin lines lik [[Fred Perry]] an [[René Lacoste]], Sharapova launched her ain tennis apparel line, the "Nike Maria Sharapova Collection", in 2010. The collection includes dresses that she designed for aw the major tournaments, in collaboration wi Nike an [[Cole Haan]].<ref name=cnn-ms>{{cite web| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/27/sport/tennis/tennis-sharapova-grand-slam-design/index.html | publisher=CNN | title=Grand slam designs: Maria Sharapova's fashion statement | date=January 27, 2012|accessdate=May 19, 2013}}</ref> She haed previously foond that the outfits gien tae her bi Nike did nae suit her frame an war worn bi ower mony ither players.<ref name=nytdress/> She comes up wi design ideas an sketches in a process that begins 18 month afore the event<ref name=cnn-ms/> an receives royalties frae the sale o the collection, o which the corresponding dresses are coordinated tae be available simultaneously wi the correspondin major tournament.<ref name=nytdress/> The collection is worn bi ither WTA players, includin [[Sofia Arvidsson]], [[Eugenie Bouchard]], [[Kai-Chen Chang]], [[Andrea Hlaváčková]], [[Madison Keys]], [[Anastasia Pivovarova]] as well as junior players sic as [[Indy De Vroome]].<ref name=cnn-ms/> Sharapova haed earlier collaboratit wi Nike on the "little black dress" that she wore for her nicht matches at the 2006 US Open.<ref name=nytdress/> The dress featurt a roond crystal studded collar an wis inspired bi [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref name=nytdress>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/fashion/maria-sharapovas-campaign-to-establish-herself-as-a-brand.html?pagewanted=all | work=[[The New York Times]] | first=Eric | last=Wilson | title=Maria Sharapova's Campaign to Establish Herself as a Brand | date=May 25, 2011|accessdate=May 5, 2013}}</ref> The dress wis well publicized an received but wis nae mass-produced.<ref name=nytdress/><ref name=cnn-ms/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sectionfront/life/sharapovas-little-black-dress-provokes-a-big-racket-at-us-open-448646/ | work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] | first=MacKenzie | last=Carpenter | title=Sharapova's little black dress provokes a big racket at U.S. Open | date=September 1, 2006 | accessdate=May 5, 2013 | archive-date=2013-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828155914/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sectionfront/life/sharapovas-little-black-dress-provokes-a-big-racket-at-us-open-448646/ | url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, she designs shoes an handbags for Cole Haan, for which her signature ballerina flats are ane o the biggest sellers o the entire brand.<ref name=nytdress/> Sharapova uised the [[Prince Sports|Prince]] Triple Threat Hornet for pairt o 2003 an then uised several different Prince racquets until the [[2004 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. She gae the racquet she uised in the [[2004 Wimbledon]] final tae [[Regis Philbin]] when taping ''[[Live with Regis and Kelly]]''. Sharapova began uisin the Prince Shark OS at that tournament specially designed for her.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/Reviews/PSHKOS/PSHKOSReview.html|title=Prince Shark Racquet Review|accessdate=June 18, 2012|publisher=Tennis Warehouse|archive-date=2008-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327130507/http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/Reviews/PSHKOS/PSHKOSReview.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> She then switched tae the Prince O3 White racquet in Januar 2006. She switched tae the Prince O3 Speedport Black in Julie 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://princetennis.com/tennis/files/teamPrincePlayer.aspx?plyid=89|title=Tennis Racquets, Tennis Footwear, String, EXO3 Racquet|publisher=Prince Tennis|accessdate=August 31, 2010|archive-date=2008-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022085350/http://www.princetennis.com/tennis/files/teamPrincePlayer.aspx?plyid=89|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter bein wi Prince for ten years,<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228161310/http://tennis.com/articles/templates/gear.aspx?articleid=9327&zoneid=24 |archivedate=2010-12-28 |url=http://tennis.com/articles/templates/gear.aspx?articleid=9327&zoneid=24 |title=Gear – Maria Sharapova’s New Head for the New Year? |publisher=TENNIS.com |date=December 21, 2010 |accessdate=June 11, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sharapova began endorsing [[Head (company)|Head]] racquets in 2011 an uses the Head YOUTEK IG Instinct.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.head.com/tennis/news.php?region=us&id=758|title=Performance meets Style – Maria Sharapova joins the HEAD team!|publisher=Head Tennis|date=January 3, 2011|accessdate=January 18, 2011|archive-date=2015-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713071147/http://www.head.com/tennis/news.php?region=us&id=758|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/player.html?ccode=SHARAPOVA|title=Maria Sharapova|publisher=Tennis Warehouse|date=January 18, 2011|accessdate=January 18, 2011|archive-date=2015-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527060103/http://www.tennis-warehouse.com/player.html?ccode=SHARAPOVA|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharapova signed a three-year deal tae be brand ambassador for [[Porsche]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harley|first=Michael|title=Porsche picks Maria Sharapova as brand ambassador|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/04/23/porsche-picks-maria-sharapova-as-brand-ambassador/|accessdate=2013-08-25}}</ref> ==Sugarpova== ''Sugarpova'' is a [[candy]] line creaut bi Maria Sharapova an candy veteran Jeff Rubin, foonder o internaitional retailer IT'SUGAR.<ref name="Sugarpova Candy: Sharapova's Sweet Taste of Success">{{cite web|title=Sugarpova Candy: Sharapova's Sweet Taste of Success|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-17/sugarpova-candy-sharapovas-sweet-taste-of-success|accessdate=22 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Sharapova's Sugarpova lolly range 'smacks of irresponsible marketing'">{{cite news|title=Sharapova's Sugarpova lolly range 'smacks of irresponsible marketing'|url=http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/sharapovas-sugarpova-lolly-range-smacks-of-irresponsible-marketing/story-fneuz8zj-1226552023463|accessdate=22 January 2013|archive-date=2016-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108032712/http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/sharapovas-sugarpova-lolly-range-smacks-of-irresponsible-marketing/story-fneuz8zj-1226552023463|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin tae the Sugarpova wabsteid, "Sugarpova is a premium candy line that reflects the fun, fashionable, sweet side of international tennis sensation Maria Sharapova."<ref name="sugarpova.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sugarpova.com/about/ |title=International Shipping {{!}} Sugarpova<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2015-06-09 |archive-date=2017-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803094456/http://www.sugarpova.com/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The line currently consists o 12 different flavors that range frae Flirty, tae Smitten Sour, tae Splashy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shop.sugarpova.com/ |title=International Shipping {{!}} Sugarpova<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2015-06-09 |archive-date=2014-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328022826/http://shop.sugarpova.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A portion o aw proceeds goes tae the Maria Sharapova Foundation, Sharapova's charity.<ref name="sugarpova.com"/> Sugarpova wis launched warldwide in 2013 throu IT'SUGAR an [[Selfridges]] stores. Accordin tae her agent, Sharapova seriously considered changing her last name tae "Sugarpova" for the [[2013 US Open (tennis)|2013 US Open]], but ultimately decidit against it.<ref>{{cite web|title=No name switch for Maria Sharapova|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/usopen13/story/_/id/9584846/2013-us-open-maria-sharapova-nixes-sugarpova-name-change|date=August 20, 2013|accessdate=August 20, 2013}}</ref> Houiver, some reports suggest that she made an application tae a Florida Court tae that effect.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maria Sharapova wants to change her name|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/08/20/maria-sharapova-wants-to-change-her-name|date=August 20, 2013|accessdate=August 20, 2013}}</ref> ==Career statistics== {{Main|Maria Sharapova career statistics}} ===Grand Slam tournaments=== ====Singles performance timeline==== {{Performance key}} {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center |- !width=145|Tournament!![[2003 WTA Tour|2003]]!![[2004 WTA Tour|2004]]!![[2005 WTA Tour|2005]]!![[2006 WTA Tour|2006]]!![[2007 WTA Tour|2007]]!![[2008 WTA Tour|2008]]!![[2009 WTA Tour|2009]]!![[2010 WTA Tour|2010]]!![[2011 WTA Tour|2011]]!![[2012 WTA Tour|2012]]!![[2013 WTA Tour|2013]]!![[2014 WTA Tour|2014]]!![[2015 WTA Tour|2015]]!!width=65|{{Tooltip| SR | Strike Rate}} !!width=65|{{Tooltip| W–L | Win–Loss}}!!width=65|Win % |- |align=left|'''[[Australian Open]]''' |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2004 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2005 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2006 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]] | style="background:thistle;"|[[2007 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=lime|'''[[2008 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|W]]''' |A |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]] | style="background:thistle;"|[[2012 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|F]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2013 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]] | style="background:thistle;"|[[2015 Australian Open – Weemen's Singles|F]] |1 / 12 |48–11 |81.36% |- |align=left|'''[[French Open]]''' |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 French Open – Weemen's Singles|1R]] |bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2004 French Open – Weemen's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2005 French Open – Weemen's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2006 French Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2007 French Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2008 French Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=ffebcd|[[2009 French Open – Weemen's Singles|QF]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 French Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2011 French Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=lime|[[2012 French Open – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']] | style="background:thistle;"|[[2013 French Open – Weemen's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=lime|[[2014 French Open – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2015 French Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]] |2 / 13 |53–11 |82.81% |- |align=left|'''[[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]]''' |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=lime|[[2004 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|SF]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2006 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2007 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2008 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]] | style="background:thistle;"|[[2011 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|F]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2013 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Weemen's Singles|4R]] | |1 / 12 |42–11 |79.25% |- |align=left|'''[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]''' |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2003 US Open – Weemen's Singles|2R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2004 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2005 US Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]] |bgcolor=lime|[[2006 US Open – Weemen's Singles|'''W''']] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2007 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]] |A |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2009 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2010 US Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]] |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2011 US Open – Weemen's Singles|3R]] | style="background:yellow;"|[[2012 US Open – Weemen's Singles|SF]] |A |bgcolor=afeeee|[[2014 US Open – Weemen's Singles|4R]] | |1 / 10 |32–9 |78.38% |- !style=text-align:left|Win–Loss !4–4 !15–3 !19–4 !20–3 !16–4 !11–2 !7–3 !8–4 !16–4 !21–3 !12–3 !16–3 ! !5 / 46 !172–41 !80.25% |} <small> ''Note: At the [[2003 Australian Open]] an [[2003 French Open]], Sharapova won three qualifyin roond matches at each toornament in order tae enter the main draw.'' </small> ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharapova, Maria}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:Eastren Orthodox Christians frae Roushie]] [[Category:Expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:French Open champions]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bradenton, Florida]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nyagan]] [[Category:Roushie expatriates in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Roushie female models]] [[Category:Roushie female tennis players]] [[Category:Roushie fowk o Belaroushie strynd]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:Wimbledon champions]] [[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic tennis players o Roushie]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in tennis]] [[Category:Olympic siller medallists for Roushie]] [[Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in weemen's singles]] cxxjsv2jt20ryevdrkajuyqtu5ic9jk 0 45260 923795 923556 2026-09-30T04:38:35Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IB_299_4to_Tyr.jpg|thumb|Týr]] '''Týr''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|t|ɪər}};<ref>[http://m-w.com/dictionary/tyr Merriam Webster Online Dictionary: ''Tyr'']</ref> [[Auld Norse]]: ''Týr'' {{IPA-sv|tyːr|}}) is the god o [[Law]], the [[althing]], Juistice, The Sky, an heroic glory in [[Norse meethologie]], portrayed as a ane-haundit man. Correspondin names in ither Germanic leids are [[Gothic leid|Gothic]] '''''Teiws''''', [[Auld Inglis]] '''''Tīw''''' an [[Auld Heich German]] '''''Ziu''''' an '''''Cyo''''', aw frae [[Proto-Germanic]] '''''*{{lang|gem|Tîwaz}}''''' (''*{{lang|gem|Tē₂waz}}''). The [[Laitin|Laitinisit]] name is '''''Tius''''' or '''''Tio'''''.<ref>Adapted from the work of Dr. W. Wägner. By M. W. MacDowall. ''[http://nsl-archiv.com/Buecher/Fremde-Sprachen/MacDowell,%20M.%20W.%20-%20Asgard%20and%20the%20Gods%20-%20The%20Tales%20and%20Traditions%20of%20our%20Northern%20Ancestors%20(EN,%201884,%20317%20S.,%20Text).pdf Asgard and the Gods. The Tales and Traditions of our Northern Ancestors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514211818/http://nsl-archiv.com/ |date=2020-05-14 }} {{Cite web |url=http://nsl-archiv.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514211818/http://nsl-archiv.com/ |archive-date=2020-05-14 |url-status=bot: unknown}}''.</ref> In the late Icelandic [[Edda]]s, Tyr is portrayed, alternately, as the son o [[Odin]] ([[Prose Edda]]) or of [[Hymir]] ([[Poetic Edda]]), while the oreegins o his name an his possible relationship tae [[Tuisto]] (see [[Tacitus]]' Germania) suggest he wis ance considered the faither o the gods an heid o the pantheon, syne his name is ultimately cognate tae that o ''*[[Dyeus]]'' (cf. [[Dyaus]]), the reconstructit chief deity in [[Indo-European releegion]]. It is assumit that Tîwaz wis owertaken in popularity an in authority bi baith [[Odin]] an [[Thor]] at some point durin the [[Migration Period|Migration Age]], as Odin shares his role as God o war. Tiw wis equatit wi [[Mars (meethologie)|Mars]] in the ''[[interpretatio germanica]]''. [[Tuesday]] is in fact "Tīw's Day" (an aw in [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]] ''Zischtig'' frae ''zîes tag''), translatin ''dies Martis''. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Týr}} {{Wiktionary|Tyr}} *[http://runeberg.org/svetym/1129.html Runeberg Projekt − Swedish etymologic Dictonary] {{Norse paganism topics}} {{Anglo-SaxonPaganism}} {{Norse meethology}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tyr}} [[Category:Germanic deities]] [[Category:Germanic paganism]] [[Category:War gods]] [[Category:Æsir]] [[Category:Names o God]] jdfbtf744le9v0qjsxft4qflojz7hrn 0 45299 923731 923450 2026-09-29T14:45:59Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group ||group=Laitin Americans |image=<div style="background:#fee8ab;"><small></small></div> |poptime= '''562,000,000'''<br/> or more (in 2010)<ref name=LatAmPlus>Based on recent estimates, as of 2010. Sources by country: '''Argentina''' {{cite web |url= http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |title= Proyecciones provinciales de población por sexo y grupos de edad 2001–2015 |accessdate= 2008-06-24 |work= Gustavo Pérez |format= pdf |publisher= [[INDEC]] |pages= 16 |language= español |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20051109220300/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |archivedate= 2005-11-09 |url-status= dead }}; '''Australia''' [http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true& Australian Bureau of Statistics 20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310121707/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true& |date=2008-03-10 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/download?format=xls&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Ancestry%20%28full%20classification%20list%29%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&areacode=0 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310121707/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/download?format=xls&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Ancestry%20%28full%20classification%20list%29%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&areacode=0 |archive-date=2008-03-10 |url-status=bot: unknown}}; '''Bolivia''' {{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1262904839&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-1048596&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-38|title=Bolivia|publisher=World Gazetteer|accessdate=2010-01-07|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnKb7gti?url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1262904839|archivedate=2013-01-19|url-status=dead}}; '''Brazil''' [http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/ Brazil 2009 Estimate] IGBE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved 2 January 2010; '''Canada''' 2006 census{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=2&Display=Page |title=Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census |accessdate=2008-05-10 |publisher=Statistics Canada |archive-date=2008-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507053644/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=2&Display=Page |url-status=dead }}; '''Colombia''' {{cite web|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php|title=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística|publisher=Dane.gov.co|date=|accessdate=2010-05-16|archive-date=2012-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114091321/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php|url-status=dead}}; '''Costa Rica''' {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html#top|publisher=CIA The World Factbook|title=Costa Rica|access-date=2013-01-30|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034112/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html%20#top|url-status=dead}}; '''Cuba''' [http://www.one.cu/aec2008/esp/03_tabla_cuadro.htm Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2008. Edición 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716142748/http://www.one.cu/aec2008/esp/03_tabla_cuadro.htm |date=2010-07-16 }}, Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, República de Cuba. Accessed on May 19, 2010; '''Dominican Republic''' {{cite web|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.do/app/pre_nuestro_pais.aspx?id=372|title=Presidencia de la República; Generalidades|accessdate=2009-12-14|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120910100438/http://www.presidencia.gob.do/app/pre_nuestro_pais.aspx?id=372|archivedate=2012-09-10|url-status=dead}}; '''Ecuador''' {{cite journal | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 | version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-03-12 }}; '''El Salvador'''{{cite web |url=http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=El%20Salvador |title=UNdata El Salvador |publisher=UN |year=2008 |accessdate=2010-07-04 }}; '''Mexico''' {{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp |title=INEGI Datos oficiales censo de población 2010 |publisher=INEGI |date=2010-06-12 |accessdate=2010-11-27 |archive-date=2011-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108101543/http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp |url-status=dead }}; '''Paraguay''' {{cite journal | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 | version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-03-12 }}; '''Peru''' [http://www.inei.gob.pe Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) del Perú] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970412040139/http://www.inei.gob.pe/ |date=1997-04-12 }}''[[INEI]]''. Retrieved on June 10, 2010; '''Portugal''' [http://www.sef.pt/documentos/56/DADOS_2007.pdf POPULAÇÃO ESTRANGEIRA EM TERRITÓRIO NACIONAL, SERVIÇO DE ESTRANGEIROS E FRONTEIRAS] 2008; '''Spain''' [http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/e245/p04/a2007/l0/&file=00000010.px&type=pcaxis&L=0 INE], Revisión del Padrón municipal 2007. Datos a nivel nacional, comunidad autónoma y provincia. {{es}}; [http://www.ine.es/prensa/np503.pdf INE, Notas de Prensa 2008] {{es}}; '''Uruguay''' {{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uy.html | title=Uruguay | version= | publisher=[[The World Factbook]] | author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] | accessdate=January 5, 2010 | archive-date=2007-06-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612211631/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uy.html | url-status=dead }}; '''USA''' (Self-identified ethnicity rather than birthplace) {{cite web |url=http://www.pewhispanic.org/2009/03/05/statistical-portrait-of-hispanics-in-the-united-states-2007/2007-portrait-of-hispanics-05/ |title=Detailed Hispanic Origin: 2007 |accessdate=2009-04-13 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Pew Research Center|Pew Hispanic Center]] |archive-date=2017-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607003825/http://www.pewhispanic.org/2009/03/05/statistical-portrait-of-hispanics-in-the-united-states-2007/2007-portrait-of-hispanics-05/ |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:519&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=414&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en |title=United States - Selected Population Profile in the United States (Brazilian (360-364)) |work=2008 [[American Community Survey]] 1-Year Estimates |accessdate=2010-03-16 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=2020-02-12 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212034619/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:519&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=414&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> |regions = [[Laitin Americae]]: ''561,183,291''<ref name=LatAmpop>Based on recent estimates, as of 2010. Sources by country: '''Argentina''' {{cite web |url= http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |title= Proyecciones provinciales de población por sexo y grupos de edad 2001–2015 |accessdate= 2008-06-24 |work= Gustavo Pérez |format= pdf |publisher= [[INDEC]] |pages= 16 |language= español |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20051109220300/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecciones_provinciales_vol31.pdf |archivedate= 2005-11-09 |url-status= dead }}; '''Bolivia''' {{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1262904839&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-1048596&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-38|title=Bolivia|publisher=World Gazetteer|accessdate=2010-01-07|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnKb7gti?url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1262904839|archivedate=2013-01-19|url-status=dead}}; '''Brazil''' [http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/ Brazil 2009 Estimate] IGBE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved 2 January 2010; '''Colombia''' {{cite web|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php|title=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística|publisher=Dane.gov.co|date=|accessdate=2010-05-16|archive-date=2012-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114091321/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php|url-status=dead}}; '''Costa Rica''' {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html#top|publisher=CIA The World Factbook|title=Costa Rica|access-date=2013-01-30|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034112/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html%20#top|url-status=dead}}; '''Cuba''' [http://www.one.cu/aec2008/esp/03_tabla_cuadro.htm Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2008. Edición 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716142748/http://www.one.cu/aec2008/esp/03_tabla_cuadro.htm |date=2010-07-16 }}, Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, República de Cuba. Accessed on May 19, 2010; '''Dominican Republic''' {{cite web|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.do/app/pre_nuestro_pais.aspx?id=372|title=Presidencia de la República; Generalidades|accessdate=2009-12-14|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120910100438/http://www.presidencia.gob.do/app/pre_nuestro_pais.aspx?id=372|archivedate=2012-09-10|url-status=dead}}; '''Ecuador''' {{cite journal | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 | version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-03-12 }}; '''El Salvador'''{{cite web |url=http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=El%20Salvador |title=UNdata El Salvador |publisher=UN |year=2008 |accessdate=2010-07-04 }}; '''Mexico''' {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html|title=CIA - The World Factbook - Mexico|publisher=Cia.gov|date=|accessdate=2009-11-04|archive-date=2018-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161335/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html|url-status=dead}}; '''Paraguay''' {{cite journal | url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 | version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-03-12 }}; '''Peru''' [http://www.inei.gob.pe Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) del Perú] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970412040139/http://www.inei.gob.pe/ |date=1997-04-12 }}''[[INEI]]''. Retrieved on June 10, 2010; '''Uruguay''' {{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uy.html | title=Uruguay | version= | publisher=[[The World Factbook]] | author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] | accessdate=January 5, 2010 | archive-date=2007-06-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612211631/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uy.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> |region1 = {{flag|Brazil}} |pop1 = 199,321,413 |ref1 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121846/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region2 = {{flag|Mexico}} |pop2 = 114,975,406 |ref2 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2018-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161335/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region3 = {{flag|Colombie}} |pop3 = 45,239,079 |ref3 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/co.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2009-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513074502/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/co.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region4 = {{flag|Argentinae}} |pop4 = 42,192,494 |ref4 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612213714/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region5 = {{flag|Peru}} |pop5 = 29,549,517 |ref5 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2016-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105025708/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region6 = {{flag|Venezuela}} |pop6 = 28,047,938 |ref6 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ve.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2015-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124081728/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ve.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region7 = {{flagcountry|Chile}} |pop7 = 17,067,369 |ref7 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ci.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2015-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106030337/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ci.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region8 = {{flag|Ecuador}} |pop8 = 15,223,680 |ref8 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2015-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208201813/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region9 = {{flag|Guatemala}} |pop9 = 14,099,032 |ref9 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2015-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002082023/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region10 = {{flag|Cuba}} |pop10 = 11,075,244 |ref10 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2016-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210152814/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region11 = {{flag|Bolivie}} |pop11 = 10,290,003 |ref11 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154232/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region12 = {{flag|Dominican Republic}} |pop12 = 10,088,598 |ref12 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2016-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region13 = {{flag|Haiti}} |pop13 = 9,801,664 |ref13 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2016-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131115215/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region14 = {{flag|Honduras}} |pop14 = 8,296,693 |ref14 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ho.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region15 = {{flag|Paraguay}} |pop15 = 6,541,590 |ref15 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pa.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2015-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104205444/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region16 = {{flag|El Salvador}} |pop16 = 6,090,646 |ref16 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/es.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230021/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/es.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region17 = {{flag|Nicaragua}} |pop17 = 5,727,707 |ref17 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831040543/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region18 = {{flag|Costa Rica}} |pop18 = 4,636,340 |ref18 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034112/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region19 = {{flag|Puerto Rico}} |pop19 = 3,690,923 |ref19 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226001756/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region20 = {{flag|Panama}} |pop20 = 3,510,045 |ref20 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225154224/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pm.html%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region21 = {{flag|Uruguay}} |pop21 = 3,316,328 |ref21 = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uy.html |title=CIA factbook |accessdate=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612211631/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region22 = ----------------------- |region23 = {{flag|Unitit States}} |pop23 = ''[[Hispanic an Latino Americans|+50,000,000]]'' |ref23 = <ref>(Self-identified ethnicity rather than birthplace) {{cite web |url=http://pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/hispanics2007/Table-5.pdf |title=Detailed Hispanic Origin: 2007 |accessdate=2009-04-13 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Pew Research Center|Pew Hispanic Center]] |archive-date=2009-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501040652/http://pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/hispanics2007/Table-5.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=acs>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:519&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=414&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en |title=United States - Selected Population Profile in the United States (Brazilian (360-364)) |work=2008 [[American Community Survey]] 1-Year Estimates |accessdate=2010-03-16 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-date=2020-02-12 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212034619/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T:519;ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:519&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=414&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region24 = {{flag|Spain}} |pop24 = ''[[Immigration tae Spain|+1,700,000]]'' |ref24 = <ref>[http://www.ine.es/prensa/np551.pdf Foreign population in Spain (2009)], Spanish National Statistics Institute press report, [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE (Spain)]]. June 3, 2009. (Spanish)</ref> |region25 = {{flag|Japan}} |pop25 = ''[[:en:Demographics of Japan#Immigration|+345.000]]'' |ref25 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Registered Foreigners in Japan by Nationality|url=http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/y0213014.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050824195238/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/y0213014.pdf|archivedate=2005-08-24|publisher=Statistics Bureau|accessdate=7 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> |region26 = {{flag|Canadae}} |pop26 = [[Laitin American Canadian|304,245]] |ref26 =<ref name=statcan>2006 census{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=2&Display=Page |title=Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census |accessdate=2008-05-10 |publisher=Statistics Canada |archive-date=2008-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507053644/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=2&Display=Page |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region27 = {{flagcountry|Unitit Kinrick}} |pop27 = ''[[Laitin Americans in the Unitit Kinrick|186,500]]'' |ref27 = <ref name="TfL">{{cite web|url=http://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/No%20Longer%20Invisible%20report.pdf|title=No Longer Invisible: The Latin American community in London|publisher=Trust for London|accessdate=19 May 2011|archive-date=2012-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321090718/http://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/No%20Longer%20Invisible%20report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region28 = {{flag|Portugal}} |pop28 = ''[[Immigration tae Portugal|~100,000]]'' |ref28 = <ref>[http://www.sef.pt/documentos/56/DADOS_2007.pdf POPULAÇÃO ESTRANGEIRA EM TERRITÓRIO NACIONAL, SERVIÇO DE ESTRANGEIROS E FRONTEIRAS] 2008;</ref> |region29 = {{flag|Australie}} |pop29 = [[:en:Latin American Australian|93,795]] |ref29 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true& |title=Australian Bureau of Statistics 20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia |access-date=2013-01-30 |archive-date=2008-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310121707/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/download?format=xls&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Ancestry%20%28full%20classification%20list%29%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&areacode=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |langs=Primarily [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] an [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]].<br> Regionally [[Quechua leids|Quechua]], [[Mayan leids]], [[Guarani leid|Guaraní]], [[Aymara leid|Aymara]], [[French leid|French]], [[Nahuatl]] an [[Laitin Americans#Leid|ithers]] |rels=Mostly [[Catholicism|Roman Catholic]].<br> Ither [[Releegion in Laitin Americae|significant minorities]]. }} '''Laitin Americans''' ({{lang-es|latinoamericano}}, {{lang-pt|latino-americano}}) are the [[citizens]] o the [[Laitin Americae|Laitin American]] kintras an dependencies. Laitin American kintras are [[multi-ethnic]], hame tae fowk o different ethnic an naitional backgrunds. As a result, some Latin Americans daena tak thair naitionality as an [[ethnicity]], but identifee thairsels wi baith thair [[naitionality]] an thair ancestral oreegins.<ref name=Lizcano/> Aside frae the indigenous [[Amerindian]] (aka Native American) population, aw Laitin Americans or thair ancestors immigratit athin the past five centuries. The specific [[ethnic]] an/or [[racial]] composition varies frae kintra tae kintra: mony hae a predominance o European-Amerindian, or [[Mestizo]], population; in ithers, [[Indigenous fowks o the Americas|Amerindians]] are a majority; some are maistly inhabitit bi fowk o [[White Laitin American|European]] ancestry; an ithers are primarily [[Mulatto]].<ref name="latin">{{cite web|url=http://www.monografias.com/trabajos7/amla/amla.shtml|title=América Latina|publisher=[http://www.monografias.com/trabajos7/amla/amla.shtml]|access-date=2013-01-31|archive-date=2005-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050809074052/http://www.monografias.com/trabajos7/amla/amla.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Various [[Afro-Laitin American|Black]], [[Asie Liatin American|Asie]], an [[Zambo]] (mixed Black an Amerindian) minorities are identifee'd in maist kintras an aw.<ref name="latin"/> [[White Laitin Americans]] are the lairgest single group.<ref name=Lizcano>{{cite journal |last=Lizcano Fernández |first=Francisco |date=May–August 2005 |title=Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI |journal=Convergencia |volume=38 |pages=185–232; table on p. 218 |publisher=[[Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México]], Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades |location=Mexico |issn=1405-1435 |url=http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf |language=Spanish |format=PDF |access-date=2014-02-18 |archive-date=2014-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224061845/http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thegither wi the fowk o pairt-European ancestry thay combine for approximately 80% o the population,<ref name=CIAEG>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html|title=CIA&nbsp;— The World Factbook -- Field Listing&nbsp;— Ethnic groups|accessdate=2008-02-20|archive-date=2019-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010801/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> or even mair.<ref name=Lizcano/> Laitin Americans an thair stryndants can be foond amaist elsewhaur in the warld, pairticularly in densely populatit urban auries. The maist important migratory destiny for Laitin Americans are the [[Unitit States]], [[Wastren Europe]], [[Canadae]] an [[Australie]]. ==Definition== {{Main|Laitin Americae}} [[File:Latin America regions.svg|Thumb|left|170px|[[Laitin Americae|Laitin American]] kintras (''green'') in the [[Americas]]]] Laitin Americae ({{lang-es|América Latina}} or ''Latinoamérica''; {{lang-pt|América Latina}}; {{lang-fr|Amérique latine}}) is the [[region]] o the [[Americas]] whaur [[Romance leids]] (i.e., thae derivit frae [[Laitin]]—pairticularly [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] an [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]], an variably [[French leid|French]]—are primarily spoken.<ref name=Colburn>{{cite book |title=Latin America at the End of Politics |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qBCVB3mxCK8C&dq=%22latin+america+at+the+end+of+politics%22&pg=PP1&ots=Hsc6JIiWF0&sig=3-bdK4pc-bXg0abCFag4agEPwo8&hl=en&prev=http://www.google.com/search%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3D%2522Latin%2BAmerica%2Bat%2Bthe%2BEnd%2Bof%2BPolitics%2522&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=one-book-with-thumbnail#PPA10,M1|last=Colburn |first=Forrest D |year=2002 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=0-691-09181-1}}</ref><ref>"Latin America."''[[Oxford Dictionary of English|The New Oxford Dictionary of English]]''. Pearsall, J., ed. 2001. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; p. 1040: "The parts of the [[Americas|American continent]] where Spanish or Portuguese is the main national language (i.e.[[Mexico]] and, in effect, the whole of [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] including many of the [[Caribbean]]islands)."</ref> It includes mair nor 20 [[naitions]]: [[Mexico]] in [[North Americae]]; [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]] an [[Panama]] in [[Central Americae]]; [[Colombie]], [[Venezuela]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivie]], [[Chile]], [[Paraguay]], [[Brazil]], [[Argentinae]] an [[Uruguay]] in [[Sooth Americae]]; [[Cuba]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Haiti]], an [[Puerto Rico]] in the [[Caribbean]]—in summar, [[Hispanic Americae]], [[Brazil]], an [[Haiti]]. If we consider this definition strictly, we shoud consider [[Canadae]] an in pairticular [[Quebec]] as pairt o Laitin Americae. The raison ahint this is that Canadae haes French as ane o its offeecial leids alangside wi Inglis, an in pairticular Quebec is the anerlie Canadian province wi a predominantly [[French-speakin]] population an the anerlie ane whose sole offeecial leid is French at the provincial level. But this region is rarely considered sae, syne its history, distinctive cultur an economy, an Breetish-inspired poleetical institutions are generally deemit too closely intertwined wi the [[Inglis Canadae|rest o Canadae]].<ref>{{Cite book| last = Bethell | first = Leslie (ed.) | title = The Cambridge History of Latin America | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1984 | volume = 1 | location = Cambridge | page = xiv | isbn = 978-0-521-23223-4 }}</ref> Laitin Americae, tharefore, can be defined as aw thae pairts o the [[Americas]] that wur ance pairt o the [[French Colonial Empire|French]], [[Spaingie Empire|Spaingie]], or [[Portuguese Empire]]s.<ref>{{cite book | last = Rangel | first = Carlos | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Latin Americans: Their Love-Hate Relationship with the United States | url = https://archive.org/details/latinamericans0000carl | publisher = Harcourt Brace Jovanovich | year = 1977 | location = New York |pages = [https://archive.org/details/latinamericans0000carl/page/3 3]–5 | isbn = 0-15-148795-2 }} {{cite book | last = Skidmore | first = Thomas E. | authorlink = | coauthors = Peter H. Smith| title = Modern Latin America | url = https://archive.org/details/modernlatinameri0006skid | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2005 | edition = 6 | location = Oxford and New York |pages = [https://archive.org/details/modernlatinameri0006skid/page/1 1]–10| isbn = 0-19-517013-X }}</ref> ==See an aw== *[[Argentines]] *[[Brazilians]] *[[Chileans]] *[[Colombie fowk]] *[[Costa Ricans]] *[[Cubans]] *[[Mexicans]] *[[Peruvians]] *[[Uruguayans]] *[[Venezuelans]] *[[Criollo fowk]] *[[History o Laitin Americae]] *[[Hispanic Americae]] *[[Laitins]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{Pan-Americanism}} {{Laitin American diaspora}} [[Category:Laitin American fowk| ]] [[Category:Laitin American studies]] 08wzmh0d31w5tmiryupt6c0hhhd8mj4 0 45308 923751 923481 2026-09-29T19:32:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox ethnic group| |group=Norse fowk<br>''nordmenn'' |image=<div style="margin-top:1px; margin-bottom:1px;">[[Image:Norwegians (ethnicgroup)b.png|250px]] |caption=<small>[[St. Olaf]] {{•}} [[Peder Tordenskjold|P. Tordenskjold]] {{•}} [[Niels Henrik Abel|N. H. Abel]] {{•}} [[Frederik Stang|F. Stang]] <br>[[Henrik Ibsen|H. Ibsen]] {{•}} [[Edvard Grieg|E. Grieg]] {{•}} [[Fridtjof Nansen|F. Nansen]] {{•}} [[Edvard Munch|E. Munch]] <br>[[Roald Amundsen|R. Amundsen]] {{•}} [[Eivind Groven|E. Groven]] {{•}} [[Liv Ullmann|L. Ullmann]] {{•}} [[Ole Gunnar Solskjær|O. G. Solskjær]] <br>[[Princess Märtha Louise of Norway|Pr. Märtha]] {{•}} [[Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway|Pr. Mette-Marit]] {{•}} [[Siv Jensen|S. Jensen]] {{•}} [[Lisa-Mari Moen Jünge|L-M. M. Jünge]] </small> |poptime='''12 million'''{{smallsup|a}}{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}<br/><small>(0.17% of the world's population)&nbsp;{{smallsup|a}}</div> |pop1 = 4,712,232 <ref>The [http://www.euroamericans.net/norwegian.htm# 2000 American census] reports that the United States, in the 2000 census, has 4,477,725 inhabitants of (partial) Norwegian ancestry.</ref> |popplace={{flag|Norawa}}{{Ref label|aaa|a}}:4,305,886<ref>"Without immigrant background" : Population 1.1.2010 (4 305 886 [http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2010-04-29-06-en.html])</ref> |region1 ={{flag|Unitit States}} |region2 = {{flag|Canadae}}{{Ref label|aaa|a}} |pop2 = 521,390<ref>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 Shows a list over Canadas different ethnic groups, reports that there is 363,760 persons reporting Norwegian as one ancestry in Canada, of these 44,790 reported only Norwegian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101151108/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |date=2009-11-01 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221808/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |archive-date=2019-01-06 |url-status=bot: unknown}}.</ref> |region3 = {{flag|Brazil}}{{Ref label|aaa|a}} |pop3 = 465,441<ref>The [http://www.ibge.com.br/norwegian.htm# 2000 Brazilian census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913113513/https://www.ibge.com.br/pagina-404.html |date=2019-09-13 }} reports that Brazil, in the 2000 census, has 465,44 inhabitants of (partial) Norwegian ancestry.</ref> |region4 = {{flag|Unitit Kinrick}}{{Ref label|aaa|a}}{{Ref label|bbb|b}} |pop4 =13,798<ref name="reg">Number of Norwegians registered at the Embassy for living in each of these countries.</ref><br /> ''also c. 42,000 [[Orcadians]] an [[Shetlanders]]'' |region5 = {{flag|Swaden}}{{Ref label|aaa|a}} |pop5 = 48,385<ref>[http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/BE0101_2005A01_BR_BE0106TAB.pdf Swedish Statistics from 2005. Shows the official number of Norwegians in Sweden at page 20.]</ref><ref>[http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata/data.cfm Sweden: Stock of foreign-born population by country of birth, by year]</ref> |region6 ={{flag|Australie}} |pop6 = 32,850<ref>[http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf Swedish Statistics from 2005. Shows the official number of Norwegians in Sweden at page 20.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415074055/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf |date=2005-04-15 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata/data.cfm Australian: Stock of foreign-born population by country of birth, by year]</ref> |region7 = {{flag|Denmark}} |pop7 =16,320<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics Denmark:FOLK2: Population 1. January by sex, age, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1280|publisher=Statistics Denmark|accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> |region8 = {{flag|Germany}} |pop8 = 6,398 |ref8 = {{citation needed}} |region9 = {{flag|Finland}} |pop9 = 2,156 |ref9 = {{citation needed}} |region10 = {{flag|Switzerland}} |pop10 = 1,966 |ref10 = {{citation needed}} |region11 = {{flag|New Zealand}} |pop11 = 1,400 |ref11 = {{citation needed}} |region12 = {{flag|Italy}} |pop12 = 1,075 |ref12 = {{citation needed}} |region13 = {{flag|Iceland}} |pop13 = 671 |ref13 = {{citation needed}} |region14 = {{flag|Japan}} |pop14 = 424 |ref14 = {{citation needed}} |region15 = {{flag|Spain}} |pop15 = 16,000 |ref15 = <ref name=MPI/> |region16 = {{flag|Turkey}} |pop16 = 5,000 |region17 = {{flag|Fraunce}} |pop17 = 4,000 |ref17 = <ref name=MPI/> |region18 = {{flag|Israel}} |pop18 = 1,000 |ref18 = <ref name=MPI/> |region19 = {{flag|Greece}} |pop19 = 1,000 |ref19 = <ref name=MPI/> |region20 = {{flag|Romania}} |pop20 = 1,000 |ref20 = <ref name=MPI/> |region21 = {{flag|Hungary}} |pop21 = 1,000 |ref21 = <ref name=MPI/> |region22 = {{flag|Austrick}} |pop22 = 1,000 |ref22 = <ref name=MPI/> |region23 = {{flag|Poland}} |pop23 = 2,000 |ref23 = <ref name=MPI/> |region24 = {{flag|Netherlands}} |pop24 = 3,000 |ref24 = <ref name=MPI/> |region25 = {{flag|Belgium}} |pop25 = 1,000 |ref25 = <ref name=MPI/> |langs=[[Norse leid|Norse]]<br> Closely relatur (mutually intelligible) leids include [[Dens leid|Dens]] an [[Swadish leid|Swadish]]. Ither relatit leids include [[Faroese leid|Faroese]] an [[Icelandic leid|Icelandic]], an tae a lesser extent, aw [[Germanic leids]].<br> [[Norse American]]s: Historically [[Norse leid|Norse]], but later [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] acause o [[Americanisation (immigration)|Americanisation]]. |rels=Mainly [[Lutheranism]] an mair recently [[Secularism]]. An aa see [[Releegion in Norawa]]. Historically [[Norse paganism]] {{citation}} | related=[[Faroese fowk|Faroese]], [[Icelanders]], [[Germans]]/[[Austrians]],<ref name="hpgl.stanford.edu">{{cite web |url=http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/EJHG_2002_v10_521-529.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-09-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927060758/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/EJHG_2002_v10_521-529.pdf |archivedate=2011-09-27 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927060758/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/EJHG_2002_v10_521-529.pdf |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> [[Danes]], [[Dutch fowk|Dutch]], [[Swedes]], [[Shetland]]ers, [[Orcadians]], [[Scots fowk|Scots]], [[Inglis fowk|Inglis]], [[Normans]] <br>Other [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] ethnic groups | footnotes = a. {{note|aaa}} Disna include fowk o [[Faroese fowk|Faroese]], [[Icelandic fowk|Icelandic]], [[Orcadians|Orcadian]] or [[Shetlanders|Shetlandic]] ancestry. Daes include persons wi pairtial Norse ancestry. b. {{note|bbb}} Note that thare are millions o [[Breetish fowk|Britons]] o [[Scandinavie]] ancestry an ethnicity, tho mixed wi ithers. |}} '''Norse fowk''' ({{lang-no|nordmenn}}) constitute baith a naition an an [[ethnic group]] native tae [[Norawa]]. Thay share a common cultur an speak the [[Norse leid]]. Norse fowk an thair stryndants are foond in migrant commonties warldwide, notably in [[Unitit States]], [[Canadae]], [[Australie]] an [[Brazil]]. {{stub/Europe}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{commons category|People of Norway}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Norawa]] [[Category:Norse fowk| ]] p8ta0uqgic13fwhlwg03jc0h2rldtuf 0 48534 923763 923511 2026-09-29T22:31:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Ranunculaceae | fossil_range = [[Cretaceous]]–[[Recent]]<ref name="pigg2005">{{citation | doi = 10.3732/ajb.92.10.1650 | title = ''Paleoactaea'' gen. nov. (Ranunculaceae) fruits from the Paleogene of North Dakota and the London Clay | author = Kathleen B. Pigg and Melanie L. DeVore | journal = American Journal of Botany | year = 2005 | volume = 92 | pages = 1650–1659 }}</ref> | image = Ranunculus_auricomis.jpg | image_width = 220px | image_caption = ''Ranunculus auricomus'' ([[type species]]) | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | ordo = [[Ranunculales]] | familia = '''Ranunculaceae''' | familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] | subdivision_ranks = Subfaimilies | subdivision = *[[Hydrastis|Hydrastidoideae]] *[[Glaucidium (plant)|Glaucidioideae]] *[[Coptoideae]] *[[Thalictroideae]] *[[Ranunculoideae]] }} '''Ranunculaceae''' ('''buttercup''' or '''crowfoot faimily'''; [[Latin]] ''rānunculus'' "little frog", frae ''rāna'' "frog") is a [[faimily (biologie)|faimily]] o aboot 1700 species o [[flouerin plant]]s in aboot 60 genera, distributit warldwide. The lairgest genera are ''[[Ranunculus]]'' (600 speshies), ''[[Delphinium]]'' (365), ''[[Thalictrum]]'' (330), ''[[Clematis]]'' (325), an ''[[Aconitum]]'' (300). ==Description== [[Image:Pulsatilla alpina fruit.JPG|thumb|200px|left|[[Achene]]s on the [[fruit]] o ''[[Pulsatilla alpina]]'' ssp. ''alpina''.]] Ranunculaceae are maistly yerbaceous plants, but wi some widy climbers (sic as ''[[Clematis]]'') an subshrubs (e.g. ''[[Xanthorhiza]]''). [[Image:Adonis autumnalis flowerdiagram.png|thumb|Flouer diagram o ''[[Adonis]] autumnalis'' frae Strasburger et al. 1900 |200px]] Memmers o the Ranunculaceae uisually hae five coloured sepals insteid o petals (except buttercups), an dividit leaves an nonwidy tissue (except clematis). [http://theseedsite.co.uk/ranunculaceae.html] Leaves are uisually dividit or lobed, but are hert-shaped or nairae an undividit in some speshies o ''Ranunculus'', an uisually arise frae the base o the plant, or alternately up the stem, but in ''Clematis'' thay are opposite. Perennial speshies furm smaa [[rhizome]]s or tubers which develop new ruits each year. Flouers mey be solitary, but are frequently foond aggregatit in [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]], [[panicle]]s, or [[Raceme|spikes]]. Mony speshies hae na true petals, an the 'flouer' is furmed bi a brichtly coloured group o [[sepal]]s cried a ''calyx''. Thare are uisually five sepals per flouer, tho thay come in a wide variety o shapes. ''[[Ranunculus]]'' (buttercups) is the anly genus in this faimily wi a true calyx ''an'' petals. Thare are mony stamens surroundin mony fused carpels. The [[fruit]] is maist commonly a [[Follicle (fruit)|follicle]] (e. g. ''[[Helleborus]]'', ''[[Nigella]]'') or an [[achene]] (e. g. ''[[Ranunculus]]'', ''[[Clematis]]''). Ranunculaceae contain [[protoanemonin]], which is toxic tae humans an ainimals. Ither pushionous or toxic compooonds, [[alkaloid]]s an [[glycoside]]s, are an aa very common. ==Taxonomy== The faimily Ranunculaceae is includit in the Ranunculales which is the sole order o the Ranunculanae, a superorder o eudicots accordin tae APG 3 systematics. The phylogeny is well illustratit in <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.biologie.fu-berlin.de/sysbot/poster/poster1.pdf |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster |access-date=2013-04-02 |archive-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517030259/http://www2.biologie.fu-berlin.de/sysbot/poster/poster1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Taxonomic comparisons=== ­Accordin tae Dr John David, (2010)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/rhsplantfinder/documents/Essay.pdf |title=Plants in their proper places |access-date=2013-04-02 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009040853/http://apps.rhs.org.uk/rhsplantfinder/documents/Essay.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> the Ranuculaceae are combined wi the Eupteleaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Menispermaceae, Berberidaceae, an Papaveraceae in the Ranunculales, the anly order in the superorder Ranunculanae. This follaes the wirk o the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. [[Armen Takhtajan|Takhtajan]] 1997 includes the Ranunculaceae as the anly faimily in the Ranunculales which he placed in a subclass, the Ranunculidae, insteid o a superorder. Previously, Thorn 1992 placed the Ranunculaceae in the Berberidales, an order within the Superorder Magnolianae. Earlier Cronquist in 1981 includit the Ranunculaceae alang wi seiven ether faimilies in the Rancunculales which wis includit in the Magnoliidae, which he regardit as a subclass.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://botany.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/newgate/cronang.htm |title=Flowering Plant Gateway |access-date=2013-04-02 |archive-date=2011-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006041129/http://botany.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/newgate/cronang.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The cladogram belaw is accordin tae the [[APG II seestem]], based on molecular phylogeny. <center> {{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:75%|1={{clade|1={{clade|1='''Glaucidoideae'''|2='''Hydrastidoideae'''}}|2={{clade|1='''Coptoideae'''|2={{clade|1='''Ranunculoideae'''|2='''Thalictroideae'''}}}}}}}} </center> The genus ''[[Glaucidium (plant)|Glaucidium]]'' wis ance put in its ain faimily (Glaucidiaceae), but haes been recently recognised as a primitive memmer o Ranunculaceae. Tamura (1993) recognised five subfaimilies, mainly based on chromosomic an floral characteristics (Hydrastidoideae, Thalictroideae, Isopyroideae, Ranunculoideae, Helleboroideae). Hydrastidoideae an Glaucidioideae hae anly ane species, ''[[Hydrastis|Hydrastis canadense]]'' an ''[[Glaucidium (plant)|Glaucidium palmatum]]'' respectively. [[Coptoideae]] haes 17 species an Thalictroideae haes 450, includin ''[[Thalictrum]]'' an ''[[Aquilegia]]''. The ither genera (2025 species, 81% o the faimily) belang tae Ranunculoideae. Some aulder classifications includit ''[[Paeonia (plant)|Paeonia]]'' (peony) in Ranunculaceae but this genus is nou placed in its ain faimily, [[Paeoniaceae]] in order [[Saxifragales]]. ''[[Circaeaster]]'' an ''[[Kingdonia]]'' are nou placed in [[Circaeasteraceae]]. === Fossil record === Fossils o fruits, pollen, seeds, an leaves are kent frae several dozen locations. The fossil record begins in the early [[Cretaceous]] an continues throughoot the [[Tertiary]]. In maist cases, the fossils are assigned tae extant genera, or shaw a close relationship tae a parteecular extant genus.<ref name="pigg2005"/> == Uises == Some Ranunculaceae are uised as [[yerbal medicine]]s acause o thair alkaloids an glycosides, sic as ''[[Hydrastis canadensis]]'' (goldenseal), whose ruit is uised as a tonic. Mony genera are weel kent as cultivatit flouers, sic as ''[[Aconitum]]'' (monkshuid), ''[[Consolida]]'' (larkspur), ''[[Delphinium]]'', ''[[Helleborus]]'' (Christenmas rose), ''[[Trollius]]'' (globeflouer). The seeds o '' [[Nigella sativa]]'', are uised as a spice in Indie an Middle Eastren cuisine. == Genera == {|width="100%" |- valign=top | * ''[[Aconitum]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Actaea]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Adonis (plant)|Adonis]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Anemoclema]]'' <small>(Franch.) W.T.Wang</small> * ''[[Anemone]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Anemonopsis]]'' <small>Siebold & Zuccarini</small> * ''[[Aquilegia]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Asteropyrum]]'' <small>J.R.Drumm. & Hutch.</small> * ''[[Barneoudia]]'' <small>Gay</small> * ''[[Beesia]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.</small> * ''[[Calathodes]]'' <small>Hook.f. & Thomson</small> * ''[[Callianthemum]]'' <small>C.A.Mey.</small> * ''[[Caltha]]'' <small>L.</small> | * ''[[Ceratocephala (plant)|Ceratocephala]]'' <small>Moench</small> * ''[[Cimicifuga]]'' <small>Wernisch.</small> * ''[[Clematis]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Consolida]]'' <small>Gray</small> * ''[[Coptis]]'' <small>Salisb.</small> * ''[[Delphinium]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Dichocarpum]]'' <small>W.T.Wang & P.K.Hsiao</small> * ''[[Enemion]]'' <small>Rafinesque</small> * ''[[Eranthis]]'' <small>Salisb.</small> * ''[[Glaucidium (plant)|Glaucidium]]'' <small>Siebold & Zuccarini</small> * ''[[Halerpestes]]'' <small>Greene</small> * ''[[Hamadryas (plant)|Hamadryas]]'' <small>Comm. ex Juss.</small> * ''[[Hellebore|Helleborus]]'' <small>L.</small> | * ''[[Goldenseal|Hydrastis]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Isopyrum]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Knowltonia]]'' <small>Salisb.</small> * ''[[Laccopetalum]]'' <small>Ulbr.</small> * ''[[Leptopyrum]]'' <small>Reichenbach</small> * ''[[Metanemone]]'' <small>W.T.Wang</small> * ''[[Miyakea (plant)|Miyakea]]'' <small>Miyabe & Tatew.</small> * ''[[Myosurus]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Naravelia]]'' <small>Adans.</small> * ''[[Nigella]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Oreithales]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small> * ''[[Oxygraphis]]'' <small>Bunge</small> * ''[[Paraquilegia]]'' <small>J.R.Drumm. & Hutch.</small> | * ''[[Paroxygraphis]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small> * ''[[Ranunculus]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Semiaquilegia]]'' <small>Makino</small> * ''[[Souliea]]'' <small>Franch.</small> * ''[[Thalictrum]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Trautvetteria]]'' <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small> * ''[[Trollius]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Urophysa]]'' <small>Ulbr.</small> * ''[[Yellowroot|Xanthorhiza]]'' <small>Marshall</small> |} {| |- valign=top | * ''Anemonella'' <small>Spach</small><br>→ ''[[Thalictrum thalictroides|Thalictrum]]'' | * ''[[Hepatica]]'' <small>Mill.</small> * ''[[Pulsatilla]]'' <small>Mill.</small><br>→ ''[[Anemone]]'' | * ''[[Psychrophila]]'' <small>(DC.) Bercht. & J.Presl</small><br>→ ''[[Caltha]]'' |} == Gallery == ===Flowers=== <gallery perrow="6"> Image:Aconitum napellus flower.jpg|''Aconitum napellus'' Image:Actaea_spicata_ziedai.jpg|''Actaea spicata'' Image:Adonis_annua_flor.jpg|''Adonis annua'' Image:10_kwietnia_2009_r._Zawilec_gajowy_033.jpg|''Anemone nemorosa'' Image:Hepatica_nobilis003.jpg|''Anemone hepatica'' = ''Hepatica nobilis'' Image:Pulsatilla_vulgaris3.jpg|''Anemone pulsatilla'' = ''Pulsatilla vulgaris'' Image:Wild_Columbine.jpg|''Aquilegia canadensis'' Image:2007-03-27Caltha_palustris02.jpg|''[[Caltha palustris]]'' Image:Clematis_Montana.jpg|''Clematis montana'' Image:Delphinium_elatum_hybride_001.jpg|''Delphinium elatum'' hybrid Image:Eranthis_hyemalis_(1).jpg|''Eranthis hyemalis'' Image:Lenteroos frekkels.jpg|''Helleborus × hybridus'' Image:Myosurus_minimus_W.jpg|''Myosurus minimus'' Image:Hydrastis_canadensis_-_goldenseal_-_desc-flower_front_view.jpg|''Hydrastis canadensis'' Image:2007-10-25Nigella_damascena_09.jpg|''Nigella damascena'' Image:Creeping butercup close 800.jpg|''Ranunculus repens'' Image:Thalictrum_aquilegifolium_02.jpg|''Thalictrum aquilegifolium'' Image:Trollius_europaeus,_Trollblume_1.JPG|''Trollius europaeus'' </gallery> ===Fruit=== {{col-begin}} {{col-break|width=50%}} ====Follicle==== <gallery> Image:Helleborus niger (Früchte).jpg|''Helleborus niger'' Image:Nigella damascena fruit.jpg|''Nigella arvensis'' </gallery> {{col-break}} ====Achene==== <gallery> Image:Pulsatilla alpina fruit.jpg|''Pulsatilla'' or ''Anemone alpina'' Image:Ranunculus acris0.jpg|''Ranunculus acris'' </gallery> {{col-end}} ==See also== *[[Leet o Anemone species]] == References == ===Notes=== {{reflist|2}} ===General references=== {{refbegin|2}} *Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 7, Mey 2006 [an mair or less continuously updated syne]. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/] *{{it}} Sandro Pignatti, Flora d'Italia, Edagricole, Bologna 1982. ISBN 88-506-2449-2 *Tamura, M.: "Ranunculaceae.", en Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (Editores). The Families an Genera o Vascular Plants. II. Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons..- Springer-Verlag: Berlín, 1993.- ISBN 3-540-55509-9 * Strasburger, Noll, Schenck, Schimper: Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen. 4. Auflage, Gustav Fischer, Jena 1900, p.&nbsp;459 (flouer diagrams) {{refend}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category}} {{wikispecies|Ranunculaceae}} {{refbegin|2}} *[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10757 ''Flora of North America'': Ranunculaceae] *[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10757 ''Flora of China'': Ranunculaceae] *[http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/ranunculaceae_01.htm Ranunculaceae in Topwalks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003113024/http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/ranunculaceae_01.htm |date=2011-10-03 }} *[http://www.indianmedicinalplants.info/d2/index.htm Ranunculaceae ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019215941/http://www.indianmedicinalplants.info/d2/index.htm |date=2011-10-19 }} *[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ranuncul.htm Ranunculaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ |date=2007-01-03 }} in L. Watson an M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ ''The families of flowering plants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ |date=2007-01-03 }}. *[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=3440&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser] *[http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Ranunculaceae links at CSDL, Texas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060418030042/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=ranunculaceae |date=2006-04-18 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=ranunculaceae |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060418030042/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=ranunculaceae |archive-date=2006-04-18 |url-status=dead}} *[http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/art/index_kinpougeka.htm Japanese Ranunculaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184616/http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/art/index_kinpougeka.htm |date=2007-09-30 }} - Flavon's airt gallery *[http://flowersinisrael.com/FamRanunculaceae.html Family Ranunculaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012040753/http://flowersinisrael.com/FamRanunculaceae.html |date=2011-10-12 }} Flowers in Israel {{refend}} [[Category:Eudicot faimilies]] [[Category:Ranunculaceae| ]] 7jma5q7x9878528adou5bi5fre4lvvo 0 49781 923780 923526 2026-09-30T01:18:01Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Japanese name|Abe}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Shinzō Abe |native_name = 安倍 晋三 |native_name_lang = ja |image = Shinzō Abe 2020.jpg |caption = Abe in 2020 |office = [[Prime Meenister o Japan]] |monarch = [[Akihito]]<br />[[Naruhito]] |deputy = [[Tarō Asō]] |term_start = 26 December 2012 |term_end = 16 September 2020 |predecessor = [[Yoshihiko Noda]] |successor = [[Yoshihide Suga]] |monarch1 = [[Akihito]] |term_start1 = 26 September 2006 |term_end1 = 26 September 2007 |predecessor1 = [[Junichiro Koizumi]] |successor1 = [[Yasuo Fukuda]] |office2 = Preses o the [[Liberal Democratic Pairty (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Pairty]] |deputy2 = [[Masahiko Kōmura]] |term_start2 = 26 September 2012 |term_end2 = 14 September 2020 |predecessor2 = [[Sadakazu Tanigaki]] |successor2 = [[Yoshihide Suga]] |term_start3 = 20 September 2006 |term_end3 = 26 September 2007 |predecessor3 = [[Junichiro Koizumi]] |successor3 = [[Yasuo Fukuda]] |office4 = [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] |primeminister4 = [[Junichiro Koizumi]] |term_start4 = 31 October 2005 |term_end4 = 26 September 2006 |predecessor4 = [[Hiroyuki Hosoda]] |successor4 = [[Yasuhisa Shiozaki]] |birth_date = {{birth date|1954|9|21|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Nagato, Yamaguchi|Nagato]], [[Japan]] |death_date = 8 Julie 2022 (aged 67) |death_place = [[Nara]], [[Nara Prefectur|Nara]], [[Japan]] |party = [[Liberal Democratic Pairty (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Pairty]] |spouse = [[Akie Abe|Akie Matsuzaki]] |alma_mater = [[Seikei Varsity]]<br>[[Varsity o Soothern Californie]] |religion = [[Shinto]]<ref>[http://www.sinseiren.org/ouen/kokugikon.html; Seinseiren.org] {{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://press.jodo.or.jp/press/2003/03/news.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127165851/http://www.sinseiren.org/ouen/kokugikon.html |date=2009-11-27 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.sinseiren.org/ouen/kokugikon.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127165851/http://www.sinseiren.org/ouen/kokugikon.html |archive-date=2009-11-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} [[File:Memorial monument for Shinzo Abe at Osaka Gokoku Shrine in Osaka Japan.jpg|thumb|260px|Memorial monument for Shinzo Abe at Osaka Gokoku Shrine in Osaka Japan]] {{nihongo|'''Shinzō Abe'''|安倍 晋三|''Abe Shinzō''|extra={{IPA-ja|abe ɕinzoː||Abe_Shinzo.ogg}}; born 21 September 1954; deed 8 Julie 2022}} wis a twa-time [[Prime Meenister o Japan]], in office frae 2006 tae 2007 an agin frae 2012 tae 2020; he wis Japan's langest-servin Prime meenister. He wis assassinatit in 2022, durin a speech in [[Nara]]. Preses o the [[Liberal Democratic Pairty (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Pairty]] (LDP)<ref name=AP01>{{cite web|title=Abe wins vote to lead Japan main opposition party|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/japan-main-opposition-party-elect-new-leader#overlay-context=article/calif-governor-sign-bill-ok-driverless-cars|agency=Associated Press|last=Foster|first=Malcolm|accessdate=26 September 2012|date=26 September 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026093523/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/japan-main-opposition-party-elect-new-leader#overlay-context=article/calif-governor-sign-bill-ok-driverless-cars|url-status=dead}}</ref> an chairman o the [[:ja:親学推進議員連盟|''Oyagaku'' propulsion parliamentary group]], Abe is the 90t [[politics o Japan|Japanese Prime Meenister]], electit bi a speicial session o the [[Diet o Japan|Naitional Diet]] on 26 September 2006. He wis then Japan's youngest post-[[Warld War II]] prime meenister an the first born efter the war. He served as prime meenister for less nor a year, resignin on 12 September 2007.<ref>{{cite news|first=Hiroko|last=Nakata|title=Prime Minister Abe announces resignation|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070913a1.html|work=Japan Times|date=13 September 2007|accessdate=13 September 2007|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqwouhlw?url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070913a1.html|archivedate=2010-01-17|url-status=live}}</ref> He wis replaced bi [[Yasuo Fukuda]], beginnin a string o Prime Meenisters who did nae maintain the position for mair nor ane year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/09/24/japan.fukuda.ap/index.html?iref=newssearch|title=|publisher=CNN}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> On 26 September 2012, Abe defeatit umwhile [[Meenister o Defense (Japan)|Meenister o Defense]] [[Shigeru Ishiba]] in a run-aff vote tae win the LDP presidential election.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19725296|title=Japan ex-PM Shinzo Abe elected opposition leader|publisher=BBC News|date=26 September 2012}}</ref> Abe became the Prime Meenister again followin the LDP's landslide victory in the [[Japanese general election, 2012|2012 general election]] wi a govrenment on 26 December 2012. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061006235147/http://www3.s-abe.or.jp/ Official website] {{ja icon}} * {{Twitter|AbeShinzo}} * {{Facebook|abeshinzo}} * [http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html Prime Minister of Japan Official Website] {{en icon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abe, Shinzo}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Assassinatit heids o govrenment]] [[Category:Assassinatit politeecians]] [[Category:Govrenment meenisters o Japan]] [[Category:Japanese anti-communists]] [[Category:Japanese Shintoists]] [[Category:Liberal Democratic Pairty (Japan) politeecians]] [[Category:2022 daiths]] [[Category:Members o the Hoose o Representatives o Japan]] [[Category:North Korean abductions o Japanese citizens]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Tokyo]] [[Category:Prime Meenisters o Japan]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o Abdulaziz al Saud]] 93yen9hqad34btf705c9wtioquxk4jt 0 49931 923743 894018 2026-09-29T17:08:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Masha Rasputina<br />Маша Распутина | image = | caption = | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Alla Ageeva | alias = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|5|13|df=yes}} | death_date = | origin = [[Kemerovo]], Roushie | instrument = [[Singin]] | genre = [[Roushie pop]], [[Tradeetional pop]] | occupation = [[Sangster]], [[actress]] | years_active = 1989–present | associated_acts = [[Philipp Kirkorov]] | website = [http://www.masharasputina.com/ www.masharasputina.com]}} '''Masha Rasputina''' (Маша Распутина, born ''Alla Ageeva'', 13 Mey 1964, Urop, [[Belovsky Destrict, Kemerovo Oblast|Belovsky Destrict]], [[Kemerovo Oblast]], [[Roushie]]<ref name="bio">{{cite web | url = http://www.megamasha.ru/biography/ | title = Маша Распутина. Biography | accessdate = 2012-07-01 | website = www.megamasha.ru | archive-date = 2013-01-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130104105510/http://www.megamasha.ru/biography/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>) is a [[Roushie]] [[pop muisic|pop]] sangster, kent for her ower-the-top, husky vocal style, fiery stage persona an flamboyant, somewha controversial image wi the emphasis on grotesque sexuality an crude, ‘common girl’ manners. Syne 1989 when she wan Pyongyang-89 Pop & Rock Festival first prize an scored her first Roushie hit ''Играй, музыкант'' ("Play, Musician, Play"), Masha Rasputina haes released aicht studio albums an a series o heichlie successful singles an videos, includin ''Roza Tchaynaya'' (2003), a duet wi [[Philipp Kirkorov]]. ==Personal life== *Her first husband, Vladimir Yermakov<ref name="bmkf">{{Cite web |url=http://bmkf.com.ua/index.php/news/212-2011-02-03-23-27-39 |title=Дочь Маши Распутиной отправляют в интернат<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом --> |access-date=2013-04-30 |archive-date=2013-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531065337/http://bmkf.com.ua/index.php/news/212-2011-02-03-23-27-39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> **Dochter Lidia Yermakova.<ref name="bmkf" /> *Her seicont husband in 1999<ref name="persona">[http://persona.rin.ru/view/f/0/35881/rasputina-masha РАСПУТИНА Маша, фото, биография<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->]</ref>, a businessman an producer Victor Evstafievich Zakharov<ref>[http://masharasputina.com/ Распутина Маша , официальный сайт<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->]</ref><ref>http://obozrevatel.com/culture/doch-mashi-rasputinoj-iznasilovali-v-pionerskom-lagere.htm</ref> **Dochter Maria Zakharova (born 8 September 2000)<ref name="persona" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://flirtmag.com.ua/news/1584.html |title=Распутина отдала дочь в детский сад - ФЛИРТ Журнал<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом --> |access-date=2013-04-30 |archive-date=2017-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103230108/http://flirtmag.com.ua/news/1584.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Discografie == === Albums === * Городская сумасшедшая (''A Town's Mad Girl'', 1991) * Я родилась в Сибири (''I Was Born in Siberia'', 1993) * Синий понедельничек (''Blue Monday'', 1994) * Я была на Венере (''I Visited Venus'', 1995) * Ты меня не буди (''Don't Wake Me Up'', 1999) * Поцелуй меня при всех (''Kiss Me in Public'', 2000) * Живи, страна! (''Live, My Country'', 2001) * Роза чайная (''Rose Tea Room'', 2003) * Маша Распутина. The Best (''The Best of Masha Rasputina'', compilation, 2008)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.megamasha.ru/albums/ | title = Маша Распутина. Discography | accessdate = 2012-07-01 | website = www.megamasha.ru | archive-date = 2013-01-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130106102429/http://www.megamasha.ru/albums/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130506032615/http://www.masharasputina.com/ Offeecial steid] * {{IMDb name|0711484}} * [http://persona.rin.ru/view/f/0/35881/rasputina-masha persona.rin.ru: Маша Распутина] * [http://all-biography.ru/alpha/r/rasputina-masha-rasputina-masha all-biography.ru Маша Распутина] * [http://shalala.ru/Маша_Распутина/bio/ shalala.ru Маша Распутина] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rasputina, Masha}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Kemerovo Oblast]] [[Category:Roushie female sangsters]] [[Category:Roushie pop sangsters]] [[Category:Soviet female sangsters]] tlnlrlfmrqa3srj3m50qx2b96lht7r2 0 50331 923759 903895 2026-09-29T21:09:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots|date=November 2023}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Phoenix, Arizona |official_name = City o Phoenix |settlement_type = State Caipital |eikname = Valley o the Sun, The Valley |wabsteid = http://www.phoenix.gov/ |image_skyline = PhoenixMontage02.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Eemages, frae tap, left tae richt: [[Papago Park]] at sunset, [[St. Mary's Basilica (Phoenix)|Saunt Mary's Basilica]], [[Chase Tower (Phoenix)|Chase Tower]], Phoenix skyline at nicht, [[Arizona Science Center]], [[Rosson House]], the [[Valley Metro Rail|licht rail]], a [[Saguaro|saguaro cactus]], an the [[McDowell Moontains]] |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Maricopa_County_Incorporated_and_Planning_areas_Phoenix_highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in [[Maricopa Coonty, Arizona|Maricopa Coonty]] an the state o [[Arizona]] |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = USA |pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Unitit States |coordinates = {{coord|33|27|N|112|04|W|region:US-AZ|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Leet o coonties in Arizona|Coonty]] |subdivision_name = [[Unitit States]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Arizona]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Maricopa Coonty, Arizona|Maricopa]] |established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporatit]] |established-title = [[Settled]] |established-title = 1861 |established_date = Februar 5, 1881 |government_type = [[Cooncil-manager govrenment|Cooncil-Manager]] |governing_body = [[Phoenix Ceety Cooncil]] |leader_title = [[Leet o mayors o Phoenix, Arizona|Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Greg Stanton]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]]) |aurie_magnitude = 1 E8 |aurie_total_km2 = 1338.26 |aurie_total_sq_mi = 517.948 |aurie_land_sq_mi = 516.704 |aurie_watter_sq_mi = 1.244 |population_as_o = 2011 |population_total = 1,469,471 (US: [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|6t<!-- CENSUS DATA HAS BEEN UPDATED. PHOENIX IS NOW 6th, NOT 5th. DO NOT CHANGE! -->]]) |population_metro = 4,263,236 (US: [[Table o Unitit States Metropolitan Statistical Auries|14t]]) |population_density_km2 = 1080.2 |population_density_sq_mi = 2797.8 |population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]] |population_blank1 = Phoenician |timezone = [[Muntain Staundart Time Zone|MST]] |utc_affset = −7 |timezone_DST = no [[Daylicht savin time|DST]]/[[Paceefic daylicht time|PDT]] |utc_affset_DST = −7 |postcode_type = ZIP codes |postcode = 85001-85099 |area_code = [[Aurie code 602|602]], [[Aurie code 480|480]], [[Aurie code 623|623]], [[Aurie code 520|520]] |GNIS_id = 44784 |elevation_m = 350 |elevation_ft = 1150 |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processin Staundart|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 04-55000 |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = Major Airport |blank2_info = [[Phoenix Sky Harbor Internaitional Airport]]- PHX (Major/Internaitional) |fitnotes = }} '''Phoenix''' ([[Spainish leid|Spainish]]: ''Fénix''; [[O'odham language|O'odham]]: ''S-ki:kigk''; [[Yavapai leid|Yavapai]]: ''Wathinka'' or ''Wakatehe''; [[Wastren Apache leid|Wastren Apache]]: ''Fiinigis''; {{lang-nv|Hoozdoh|italic=yes}}; [[Mojave leid|Mojave]]: ''Hachpa 'Anya Nyava'')<ref>Munro, P et al. ''A Mojave Dictionary'' Los Angeles: UCLA, 1992</ref> is the caipital, an mucklemaist city, o the American state o [[Arizona]], in addition tae the saxt maist populous<!-- CENSUS DATA HAS BEEN UPDATED. PHOENIX IS NOU 6th, NO 5th. DINNAE CHYNGE! --> city in the [[Unitit States o Americae]], an is the maist populous state caipital in the Unitit States. Phoenix is hame tae 1,445,632 fowk accordin tae the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data.<ref name="usa1">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html|title=Phoenix QuickFacts from US Census Bureau|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 11, 2012|archive-date=2012-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521120746/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is the anchor o the [[Phoenix metropolitan area]] (forby kent as the ''Valley o the Sun'') an is the 12t mucklemaist metro area bi population in the Unitit States wi aboot 4.2&nbsp;million fowk in 2010.{{fact|date=March 2013}} In addeetion, Phoenix is the [[coonty seat]] o [[Maricopa Coonty, Arizona|Maricopa Coonty]] an is ane o the mucklemaist cities in the Unitit States bi land area.{{GR|6}} Phoenix wis incorporatit as a city in 1881, efter bein foondit in 1861 near the [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]] close tae its confluence wi the [[Gila River]]. The city haes a notable an famous poleetical cultur an haes been hame tae numerous influential American politeecians an ither dignitaries, includin [[Barry Goldwater]], [[William Rehnquist]], [[John McCain]], [[Carl Hayden]], an [[Sandra Day O'Connor]]. Residents o the city are kent as Phoenicians. Locatit in the northeastren reaches o the [[Sonoran Desert]], Phoenix haes a [[subtropical]] [[desert climate]]. In simmer, average heich temperatures are typically ower {{convert|100|°F|0|abbr=on}}. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Sister project links|voy=Phoenix, Arizona}} * [http://www.phoenix.gov/ Official Government Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225220105/http://phoenix.gov/ |date=2011-02-25 }} * [http://www.phxart.org/ Phoenix Art Museum] * [http://www.phoenix.org/ Phoenix.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120623112808/http://www.city-data.com/city/Phoenix-Arizona.html Phoenix City Data] * [http://www.asu.edu/ Arizona State University] * [http://www.phoenixcentral.org/ Phoenix Central Neighborhood Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216123014/http://www.phoenixcentral.org/ |date=2011-02-16 }} * [http://www.phoenixchamber.com/ Greater Phoenix Chamber of Commerce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522193844/http://www.phoenixchamber.com/ |date=2021-05-22 }} * [http://www.visitphoenix.com/ Greater Phoenix Convention & Visitors Bureau] * [http://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/ Phoenix Public Library] * [http://www.freephxhomesearch.com/ Relocating to Phoenix AZ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420075304/http://www.freephxhomesearch.com/ |date=2013-04-20 }} * [{{Gnis3|44784}} USGS—Phoenix Elevation] [[Category:Phoenix, Arizona|*]] [[Category:Ceeties in Arizona]] [[Category:Coonty seats in Arizona]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1868]] [[Category:Populatit places in Maricopa Coonty, Arizona]] 3ynm50viyzntk01h9cz3loeuu0wp03x 0 50995 923713 923426 2026-09-29T12:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = Ivo Linna |image = Linna, Ivo.IMG 9872.JPG |caption = Ivo Linna in 2011. |background = solo_singer |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|6|12|df=yes}} |death_date = |origin = [[Kuressaare]], [[Saare Coonty|Saaremaa]], [[Estonie]] |instrument = [[vocals]], [[guitar]] |genre = |occupation = [[Sangster]] |years_active = |label = |associated_acts = [[Rock Hotel]], [[Apelsin]], Müstikud, System }} '''Ivo Linna''' (born 12 Juin 1949 in [[Kuressaare]]) is an [[Estonie]] [[sangster]]. He representit Estonie in the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1996]] wi the sang "[[Kaelakee Hääl]]" (in a duet wi [[Maarja-Liis Ilus]]) which wad go ontae feenish 5t at the contest, held in [[Oslo]] that year. ==Decorations== In 2000, the Preses o Estonie decoratit Linna wi a IV Class [[Order o the White Starn]].<ref>[[President's Office]] 9 February 2000: [http://vp1992-2001.president.ee/eng/ateated/AmetlikTeade.asp?ID=2644 President of the Republic awards decorations to 168 people] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722130919/http://vp1992-2001.president.ee//eng/ateated/AmetlikTeade.asp?ID=2644 |date=2012-07-22 }} {{Cite web |url=http://vp1992-2001.president.ee//eng/ateated/AmetlikTeade.asp?ID=2644 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722130919/http://vp1992-2001.president.ee//eng/ateated/AmetlikTeade.asp?ID=2644 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ==Discografie== '''Solo Albums''' *''[[Ivo Linna '93]]'' (1993) *''[[Iff 1]]'' (1998) *''[[Enne ja pärast päeva]]'' (2001) *''[[Üksi, iseendas üksi...]]'' (2006) In addeetion tae the albums mentioned abuin, Ivo Linna haes released a nummer o mair albums wi different rock acts o Estonie, like Apelsin an Rock Hotel. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{MusicBrainz artist|id=6b5f0c8c-2cc0-4c6d-88ee-0dbe94b71abe|name=Ivo Linna}} *{{imdb name|id=1487336|name=Ivo Linna}} {{s-start}} {{s-ach}} {{succession box | before=[[Silvi Vrait]]<br>with "[[Nagu merelaine]]" | title=[[Estonie in the Eurovision Song Contest]] | years=<small>(with [[Maarja-Liis Ilus]])</small><br>[[Eurovision Song Contest 1996|1996]] | after=[[Maarja-Liis Ilus]]<br>with "[[Keelatud maa]]" }} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Linna, Ivo}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Estonie pop sangsters]] [[Category:Estonie male sangsters]] [[Category:Eurovision Sang Contest entrants o 1996]] [[Category:Estonie Eurovision Sang Contest entrants]] [[Category:Fowk frae Kuressaare]] 7h6nykyx77rm3z3ech0mdw584l6zhqw 0 53335 923734 918138 2026-09-29T15:08:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923734 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a leet o the maist populous ceeties in the warld defined accordin tae a concept o [[ceety proper]] (an urban locality wioot its suburbs). A ceety proper is a locality defined accordin tae legal or poleetical boundaries an an admeenistratively recognised urban status that is uisually characterized bi some fairm o local govrenment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=6 |title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database |publisher=Esa.un.org |date= |accessdate=2010-07-26 |archive-date=2010-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822053414/http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/densurb/densurbanNotes.htm |title=United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics |publisher=Millenniumindicators.un.org |date= |accessdate=2010-07-26 |archive-date=2011-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623192351/http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/densurb/densurbanNotes.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57 |year=2008 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=92-1-051099-2 |page=756 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OwfGJtkpCbwC&pg=PA241&lpg=PA241& |accessdate=2010-07-19 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> "Warld Urbanization Prospects", a [[Unitit Naitions]] publication, defines the population o a ceety proper as "the population livin within the admeenistrative boundaries o a ceety."<ref name=wup1>{{cite book |title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision |year=2004 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=92-1-151396-0 <!-- This is the correct ISBN. The number on the copyright page of the book is invalid. --> |page=105 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oxOAckK2stYC&pg=PA105 |accessdate=2010-07-19 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The beuk continues tae say that "ceety proper as defined bi admeenistrative boundaries mey nae include suburban auries whur an important proportion o the population wirkin or studyin in the ceety lives." The term [[ceety]] can tak on mony meanins in different pairts o the warld. For the purposes o this leet, the definition o a ceety as a primarily urban locality is uised. This leet enumerates the populations o some o the warld's lairgest ceeties, the boundaries o which mey or mey nae correspond tae those o [[municipality|municipalities]]. The populations leetit are for the admeenistratively defined ceety an nae for the [[urban aurie]] nor the [[metropolitan aurie]]. Statistical definitions for each ceety, approximate surface aurie, an [[population density]] are an aa indicatit. ==Ceeties proper bi population== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- !Rank !Ceety !Image !Population !Defineetion !Aurie (km²) !Population density (/km²) !Kintra |- |1 | [[Shanghai]] | [[File:Shanghai - Pudong - Lujiazui.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|24,150,000}}<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-02/27/content_17311272.htm Shanghai's permanent population exceeds 24 million]</ref> | [[Leet o admeenistrative diveesions o Shanghai|Direct-controlled Municipality]]<ref>{{cite web|title=CHINA: Administrative Division of Shanghai (上海市)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-township-shanghai-admin.php|publisher=CityPopulation.De|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref><ref>The ceety proper based on the destricts o Huangpu, Xuhui, Changning, Jing'an, Putuo, Zhabei, Hongkou an Yangpu considered "core destricts"-the aulder pairt (Puxi) + Inner suburbs (destricts): Jiading, Baoshan, Minhang an Pudong New Aurie.</ref> | {{nts|6340.5}} | {{nts|3800}} | {{CHN}} |- |2 | [[Beijing]] | [[File:View of Beijing.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|21,150,000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201302/t20130207_243837.htm|title=北京市2012年国民经济和社会发展统计公报|date=2013-02-07|accessdate=2013-02-18|publisher=Beijing Statistics Bureau|archive-date=2013-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003092900/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201302/t20130207_243837.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Leet o admeenistrative diveesions o Beijing|Direct-controlled Municipality]]<ref>Beijing is ane o the fower direct-controlled municipalities o Fowkrepublic o Cheenae, an is dividit intae 14 destricts an 2 coonties. The ceety proper based on the destricts o Dongcheng an Xicheng considered "core destricts" - the aulder pairt + Inner suburbs (destricts): Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai an Shijingshan.</ref> | {{nts|16410.54}} | {{nts|1288}} | {{CHN}} |- |3 | [[Karachi]] | | {{nts|21142625}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan: Karachi City|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Pakistan-Karachi.html|publisher=citypopulation.de - Archive|accessdate=8 May 2014}}</ref>{{full|date=March 2014}} | [[Leet o Union Councils o Karachi|Ceety Destrict Govrenment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kmc.gos.pk/Contents.aspx?id=94|title=Town/District Maps|publisher=Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC)|access-date=2014-06-03|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209055206/http://kmc.gos.pk/Contents.aspx?id=94|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|3527}} | {{nts|5994}} | {{PAK}} |- |4 | [[Lagos]] | | {{nts|16,060,307}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Local Government Lagos - Population (2006)|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|publisher=Lagos Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=13 March 2014|archive-date=2015-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018094514/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20070207234037zg/sections/important-documents/document-errors-miscalculations-omissions-in-lagos-census-figures/ Nigerian Muse: "Errors, Miscalculations, Omissions in Lagos Census Figures" Table 7]</ref> | [[Lagos State|Local Govrenment Areas (LGAs)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=NIGERIA: Metro Lagos|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-metrolagos.php|publisher=CityPopulation.De|accessdate=13 March 2014}}</ref><ref>The Lagos State is made up o 20 destricts (3568 square kilometers). The Metropolitan Lagos (Ceety proper) is made up o 16 destricts: Agege; Ajeromi-Ifelodun; Alimosho; Amuwo-Odofin; Apapa; Eti-Osa; Ifako-Ijaye; Ikeja; Kosofe; Lagos Island; Lagos Mainland; Mushin; Ojo; Oshodi-Isolo; Shomolu; Surulere (1171 square kilometres).</ref> | {{nts|999.58}}<ref>The surface o the Metropolitan Lagos is 1171 square kilometres, but 171 square kilometres is watter (lagoon).</ref> | {{nts|16067}} | {{NGR}} |- |5 | [[Istanbul]] | [[File:Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge IMG 7249 1725.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|14,160,467}}<ref name="Population of Turkey">{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=15974|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|title=The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2013|date=31 December 2013|accessdate=29 January 2014|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226013102/http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/jsp/hata/body/hata.jsp;jsessionid=HGjjcvZFPzJRWLtt5XnWKh0zTzfWZ1F78DYr0jTsygZWkPpWNxSX!-604987181|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Leet o destricts o Istanbul|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>The ceety, considered caipital o Istanbul Province, is admeenistered bi the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM), which owersees the thirty-nine destricts o the ceety-province (thirty-sax urban destricts an three rural destricts).</ref> | {{nts|2189.79}}<ref>Accordin tae the new Metropolitan Municipal Law (No.5216/2004-5), Jurisdiction o Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM), the ceety aurie is 5343.02 square kilometers. Destricts: Çatalca, Silivri an Şile (tot aurie 3153.23 square kilometers) are almaist entirely rural.</ref> | {{nts|6467}} | {{TUR}} |- |6 | [[Guangzhou]] | [[File:Pearl River Night Cruise.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|12700800}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjgb/glpcgb/201105/t20110517_25227.htm|title=广州市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报|publisher=China National Census|accessdate=9 May 2014|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225115149/http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/gzstats/error404.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Leet o admeenistrative diveesions o Guangzhou|Sub-Provincial Ceety]]<ref>Guangzhou Ceety is a sub-provincial ceety an it is dividit intae 10 destricts an 2 Coonty-level ceeties. Guangzhou is further dividit intae 131 Subdestricts an 38 Touns. The ceety proper (destricts): Yuexiu, Liwan, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, Huangpu, Panyu, Huadu an Industrial Destricts - Nansha, Luogang.</ref> | {{nts|3843.43}} | {{nts|3305}} | {{CHN}} |- |7 | [[Mumbai]] | [[File:Mumbai 03-2016 10 skyline of Lotus Colony.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|12478447}}<ref name="india1">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census of India|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|accessdate=2011-10-18}}</ref> | [[Admeenistrative divisions o Mumbai|Municipal Corporation]]<ref>Mumbai Ceety consists o twa distinct regions: Mumbai Ceety destrict (Island Ceety) an Mumbai Suburban destrict (Wastren Suburban an Eastren Suburban), grouped intae 24 wards, unner the admeenistration o Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). The remainin aurie belangs tae Defence, Mumbai Port Trust, Atomic Energy Commission an Borivali Naitional Pairk, which are oot o the jurisdiction o the BMC.</ref> | {{nts|603.4}} | {{nts|20680}} | {{IND}} |- |8 | [[Moscow]] | [[File:Москва-Сити 10 ноября 2013.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|12111194}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/PrPopul.xls|title=RUSSIA: Moscow|publisher=mos.ru|accessdate=2014|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225132215/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/PrPopul.xls%0A|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow|Federal Ceety]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mos.ru/en/authority/structure/|title=Территориальное устройство|publisher=Moscow City Government|access-date=2014-06-03|archive-date=2013-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108044822/http://mos.ru/en/authority/structure/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>The federal ceety o Moscow is dividit intae twelve admeenistrative okrugs, which are in turn subdividit intae destricts (raions).</ref> | {{nts|2510.12}}<ref name="RusArea2009">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rosreestr.ru/upload/www/files/gos_doclad_2008.pdf |title=Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Federal Registration, Cadastre&Cartograhy Service. Russia Landuse National Report 2008, p.187-188 ('''in Russian''') |access-date=2013-06-29 |archive-date=2014-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010021939/https://rosreestr.ru/upload/www/files/gos_doclad_2008.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{nts|4825}} | {{RUS}} |- |9 | [[São Paulo]] | [[File:Radial Leste.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|11821873}}<ref name="brazil1">{{cite web|url=ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2013/estimativa_2013_dou.pdf|title=ESTIMATIVAS DA POPULAÇÃO RESIDENTE NOS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS COM DATA DE REFERÊNCIA EM 1º DE JULHO DE 2013|publisher=[[Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística|IBGE]]|language=Portuguese|accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> | [[Subdiveesions o São Paulo|Municipality Ceety]]<ref>Administratively, the Municipality o São Paulo is dividit intae 31 subprefecturs, each in turn dividit intae 96 destricts. Locally, deestricts mey contain ane or mair neighborhoods (bairros). The ceety o São Paulo recognizes ten geographical auries uised tae reference locations in the ceety.</ref> | {{nts|1521.11}}<ref name="IBGE">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/areaterritorial/area.php?nome=Rio+de+Janeiro |title=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2013) |access-date=2012-10-10 |archive-date=2012-10-10 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BIdrjSEI?url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/areaterritorial/area.php?nome=Rio+de+Janeiro |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{nts|7772}} | {{BRA}} |- |10 | [[Delhi]] | [[File:Skyscrapers connaught place New Delhi.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|11007835}}<ref name="india1" /> | [[Leet o destricts o Delhi|Naitional Caipital Region]]<ref>The Naitional Caipital Territory o Delhi (NCR) is dividit intae eleven revenue destricts, but anly 30% - Ceety proper (urban).</ref> | {{nts|431.09}} | {{nts|25535}} | {{IND}} |- |11 | [[Shenzhen]] | [[File:Shenzhen night street.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|10467400}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2012/szcn/3-1_1ch.htm|title=Shenzhen Statistics|publisher=Shenzhen Government Online|accessdate=2011|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202329/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2012/szcn/3-1_1ch.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Shenzhen#Admeenistrative diveesions|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] | {{nts|1991.64}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.sz.gov.cn/gi/|title=Shenzhen General Info|publisher=Shenzhen Government Online|accessdate=2011|archive-date=2017-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525115028/http://english.sz.gov.cn/gi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|5255}} | {{CHN}} |- |12 | [[Seoul]] | | {{nts|10388055}}<ref name="seoul2">{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=418|title=Seoul Statistics (Population)(2013)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=3 March 2014|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220844/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=418|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Leet o destricts o Seoul|Special Ceety]] | {{nts|605.21}}<ref name="seoul1">{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=418|title=Seoul Statistics (Land Area)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2012|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220844/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=418|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|17164}} | {{KOR}} |- |13 | [[Jakarta]] | [[File:Jakarta Car Free Day.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|9988329}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dki.kependudukancapil.go.id/index.php/statistik |title=Jumlah Penduduk Provinsi DKI Jakarta (2013) |work=Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Provinsi DKI Jakarta |accessdate=15 March 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326015559/http://dki.kependudukancapil.go.id/index.php/statistik |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[Jakarta#Admeenistration|Caipital Region - Five Kota]]<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/php/indonesia-admin.php INDONESIA: Administrative Division]</ref> | {{nts|664.12}} | {{nts|15040}} | {{IDN}} |- |14 | [[Lima]] | [[File:Lima Plaza Mayor1 cropped.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|9751717}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/peru-limametro.php|title=PERU: Lima Metropolitan Area|publisher=CITY POPULATION.DE}}</ref><ref>[http://www.inei.gob.pe/= INEI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018070956/https://www.inei.gob.pe/= |date=2021-10-18 }}(source)(2014)</ref> | [[Leet o destricts o Lima|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>The province o Lima is dividit intae fowerty three "destricts o Lima" which are admeenistered bi the Metropolitan Municipality o Lima. The ceety proper (urban aurie) o Lima is generally considered tae be formed bi thirty o these destricts. The remainin thirteen destricts consist o maistly rural an sparsely populatit desert an moontainous auries. The Metropolitan Municipality o Callao is dividit intae sax destricts.</ref> | {{nts|933.63}}<ref>The ceeties o Lima an Callao forms a single ceety "continues". Callao is juist a ceety "admeenistrative". Economically an geographically is a destrict o the Metropolitan Municipality o Lima.</ref> | {{nts|9489}} | {{PER}}| |- |15 | [[Kinshasa]] | [[File:Kinshasa-Gombe, from CCIC.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|9735000}}<ref name="demographia">{{cite web|title=Demographia World Urban Areas (2014)|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|publisher=Demographia|accessdate=17 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Evenements: "Avec une population de 9,5 millions, Kinshasa est la troisième plus grande ville sur le continent africain, de taille égale à Johannesburg. Le Kinois (habitants de Kinshasa) sont connus pour leur sens de l'humour, leur musique et leur amour pour la danse."(2013)|url=http://www.kinshasa.cd/|publisher=Ville de Kinshasa|access-date=2014-06-03|archive-date=2001-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011027044821/http://www.kinshasa.cd/|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{full|date=March 2014}} | [[Communes o Kinshasa|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>The province o Kinshasa is dividit intae twenty-fower destricts, admeenistered bi the Metropolitan Municipality o Kinshasa. But the destricts (communes) o Maluku an Nsele (N'Sele) are rural an nae pairt o the ceety proper. The ceety proper (urban area) o Kinshasa is generally considered tae be formed bi twenty-twa "communes".</ref> | {{nts|1117.62}}<ref>Accordin tae the Constitution o Democratic Republic o the Congo, the province o Kinshasa covers 9965.21 km². Maluku an N'Sele (tot area 8847.59 km²) are entirely rural, wi a very very law density.</ref> | {{nts|8710}} | {{COD}} |- |16 | [[Tianjin]] | [[File:天津南京路滨江道交口.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|9341844}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2011/04/29/006466166.shtml|title=天津市公报2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据|publisher=Enorth.com.cn|accessdate=29 April 2011}}</ref> | [[Leet o administrative diveesions o Tianjin|Direct-controlled Municipality]]<ref>Based on the destricts o Heping, Hexi, Hebei, Nankai, Hedong, Hongqiao, Jinnan, Dongli, Xiqing, Beichen an Binhai New Aurie, considered "core destricts". Stairtin frae November 2009, Binhai New Aurie wis consolidatit intae a district, an the umwhile subordinate destricts o Tanggu, Hangu an Dagang wur abolished. Binhai is pairt o the Bohai Economic Rim an is expectit tae acome anither asset tae regional development, follaein the rise o Shenzhen Special Economic Zone an Shanghai Pudong New Aurie. It is a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) o the PRC, meanin experimental reforms are takin place here.</ref> | {{nts|4037}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-township-tianjin-admin.php|title= CHINA: Administrative Division of Tianjin (天津市)}}</ref> | {{nts|2314}} | {{CHN}} |- |17 | [[Tokyo]] | [[File:Skyscrapers of Shinjuku 2009 January (revised).jpg|125px]] | {{nts|9071577}}<ref>{{cite web|title=「東京都の人口（推計）」の概要（平成26年2月1日現在） (2014)|url=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2014/02/60o2r100.htm|work=Tokyo Metropolitan Government (JPN)|accessdate=20 March 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053154/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2014/02/60o2r100.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Special wards o Tokyo|23 Special Wards (tokubetsu-ku)]] | {{nts|622.99}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Land Area by District|url=http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/tnenkan/2011/tn11q3e001.htm|work=Tokyo Metropolitan Government (ENG)|accessdate=20 March 2014}}</ref> | {{nts|14562}} | {{JPN}} |- |18 | [[Cairo]] | [[File:Kairo 001.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8922949}}<ref name="Capmas2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/Electronic%20Static%20Book2013/english/population/untitled1/pop.aspx|title=Estimated Population by Governorate|publisher=[[CAPMAS]]|accessdate=September 2013|archive-date=2013-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000306/http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/Electronic%20Static%20Book2013/english/population/untitled1/pop.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Cairo Governorate|Governorate]]<ref>In Aprile 2011, Prime Meenister Essam Sharaf abolished the Helwan Govrenorate an reincorporatit its territory intae the Cairo Govrenorate. The tot aurie o the govrenorate is 3085.1 square kilometers, the ceety aurie is 453 square kilometers, but the Egyptian govrenment considered the Cairo Govrenorate is that a whole ceety an aw statistics relate tae the "govrenorate".</ref> | {{nts|3085.1}}<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/php/egypt-cairo-admin.php EGYPT: Cairo]</ref> | {{nts|2892}} | {{EGY}} |- |19 | [[Dhaka]] | [[File:Dhaka-Bangladesh.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8906039}}<ref>{{cite web|title=BANGLADESH: Dhaka (Census 2011)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/bangladesh-admin.php|work=CityPopulation.De|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Dhaka Ceety Corporation|Ceety Corporation]]<ref>Dhaka Ceety Corporation wis established as the Dhaka Municipality on August 1, 1864. The Awami League govrenment on 29 November 2011 dissolved the Dhaka Ceety Corporation bi the Local Govrenment (Ceety Corporation) Amendment Bill 2011 passed bi the Pairlament o Bangladesh efter bein placed in the Pairlament on November 23. The ceety corporation will be split intae twa corporations, North an Sooth. The municipal aurie o Dhaka ceety is unner the jurisdiction o the Dhaka Ceety Corporation (North - Sooth) an the municipal aurie is dividit intae 92 wards.</ref> | {{nts|302.92}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Dhaka Zila|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/bangladesh.aspx|work=GeoHive|accessdate=10 March 2014|archive-date=2014-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226131728/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/bangladesh.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>The Dhaka City Corporation (North-South) not included the cities: Keraniganj, Gāzipur, Sābhār, Rupganj, Narayanganj.</ref> | {{nts|29401}} | {{BAN}} |- |20 | [[Mexico Ceety]] | [[File:Ciudad.de.Mexico.City.Distrito.Federal.DF.Paseo.Reforma.Skyline.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8874724}}<ref>{{cite web|title=MEXICO: Mexico City (2014)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/mexico-mexicocity.php|work=CityPopulation.De|accessdate=15 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Mexico Ceety's boroughs|Federal Destrict]] | {{nts|1485.49}}<ref name="ConapoZM">[http://www.conapo.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133&Itemid=212 Consejo Nacional de Población, México; Delimitación de las zonas metropolitanas de México 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202063503/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133&Itemid=212 |date=2010-12-02 }} Retrieved on 2010-11-26.</ref> | {{nts|5974}} | {{MEX}} |- |21 | [[Bangalore]] | [[File:UB City.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8425970}}<ref name=india1/> | [[Leet o destricts o Karnataka#Alphabetical leetin|Municipal Corporation]] | {{nts|709.5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapofbangalore.com/trip/|title=trip from Bangalore|accessdate=5 April 2014|archive-date=2016-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504021007/http://www.mapofbangalore.com/trip/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|11876}} | {{IND}} |- |22 | [[New York Ceety]] | [[File:LowerManhattanSept2013.png|125px]] | {{nts|8405837}}<ref name="United States">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk|title=Census Estimates (2013)|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=31 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Borough (New York Ceety)|Five Boroughs]]<ref>New York Ceety is componed o five boroughs: Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island</ref> | {{nts|783.84}} | {{nts|10724}} | {{USA}} |- |23 | [[Lunnon]] | [[File:Canary Wharf Skyline 2, London UK - Oct 2012.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8308369}}<ref name="2012 ONS Population">[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/pop-estimate/population-estimates-for-england-and-wales/mid-2012/mid-2012-population-estimates-for-england-and-wales.html Annual Mid-year Population Estimates for England and Wales, 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001024944/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/pop-estimate/population-estimates-for-england-and-wales/mid-2012/mid-2012-population-estimates-for-england-and-wales.html |date=2015-10-01 }} (press release). Ons.gov.uk (2013-06-26). Retrieved 2013-06-26.</ref> | [[Local govrenment in Lunnon|Greater Lunnon Authority]]<ref>The 33 local authorities are the 32 Lunnon borough cooncils an the Ceety o Lunnon Corporation.</ref> | {{nts|1572.15}} | {{nts|5285}} | {{UK}} |- |24 | [[Bangkok]] | [[File:The Baiyoke Tower II in Bangkok, Thailand.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8280925}}<ref name="2010 census 1">{{cite web|title=Table 1 Population by sex, household type and household by type, average size of private household by region and area: 2010 |url=http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nso_center/project/table/files/C-pop/2553/000/00_C-pop_2553_000_010000_00100.xls |publisher=National Statistics Office|work=Statistic tables, NSO website|accessdate=18 September 2012}}</ref> | [[Leet o destricts o Bangkok|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>Bangkok is subdividit intae 50 destricts (khet เขต, an aa sometimes wrangly cried amphoe อำเภอ as in the ither provinces, derived frae Pali khetta, cognate tae Sanskrit kṣetra), which are further subdividit intae 169 khwaeng แขวง, roughly equivalent tae tambon ตำบล in the ither provinces.</ref> | {{nts|1568.74}} | {{nts|5280}} | {{THA}} |- |25 | [[Dongguan]] | [[File:Dongguan Avenue (CBD) 2010.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8220207}}<ref>{{cite web|title=China - Guangdong Province (2010)|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/cn-44.aspx|publisher=GeoHive|accessdate=14 March 2014|archive-date=2016-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316085121/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/cn-44.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Dongguan#Admeenistration|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] | {{nts|2469.4}} | {{nts|3329}} | {{CHN}} |- |26 | [[Tehran]] | [[File:Tehran tower view.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|8154051}}<ref>{{cite web|title=IRAN: Tehran City (Census 2011)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/iran-tehrancity.php|publisher=CITY POPULATION.DE|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref> | [[Tehran#Location an subdiveesions|Ceety Municipality]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=88 |title=TEHRAN: Administrative Districts |access-date=2014-06-03 |archive-date=2014-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726092302/http://en.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=88 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{nts|686}}<ref>{{cite web|title=About Teheran|url=http://en.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=104|publisher=Tehran Municipality|accessdate=25 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219204318/http://en.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=104|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|11886}} | {{IRN}} |- |27 | [[Bogotá]] | [[File:Centro-Internacional-Bogotá.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|7776845}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/poblacion-y-demografia/proyecciones-de-poblacion|title=Estimaciones y proyecciones de hogares y viviendas|publisher=DANE (2014)|access-date=2014-06-03|archive-date=2016-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202154631/http://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/poblacion-y-demografia/proyecciones-de-poblacion|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Bogotá#Govrenment|Capital Destrict]]<ref>The Caipital Destrict o Bogotá is dividit intae twenty destricts, admeenistered bi the Metropolitan Municipality o Bogotá.</ref> | {{nts|859.11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bogota.gov.co/|title=Límites|publisher=Bogota Government Corporation}}</ref><ref>The destrict o Sumapaz is completely rural (no ceety services) an is nae pairt o the ceety proper. The aurie wis an important pilgrimage arheoligic steid for the Muisca indigenous fowks in pre-Columbian times an for veesitin the Sumapaz Naitional Pairk. The destrict o Sumapaz represents 0.1% o the population (48% "aurie") o Bogotá Municipality.</ref> | {{nts|9052}} | {{COL}} |- |28 | [[Ho Chi Minh Ceety]] | [[File:Một khúc sông Sài Gòn.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|7681700}}<ref name="vietnam1">{{cite web|url=http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=14457|title=Average population by province|publisher=General Statistics Office Of Vietnam|accessdate=2012}}</ref> | [[Ho Chi Minh City#Poleetical an admeenistrative system|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]] | {{nts|2095.6}}<ref name="vietnam2">{{cite web|url=http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=14459|title=Area, population and population density in 2012 by province|publisher=General Statistics Office Of Vietnam}}</ref> | {{nts|3667}} | {{VIE}} |- |29 | [[Hong Kong]] | [[File:Hong Kong view from The Peak 01.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|7219700}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/press_release/pressReleaseDetail.jsp?charsetID=1&pressRID=3405|title=Year-end population for 2013|publisher=The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Destricts o Hong Kong|Special Admeenistrative Region]] | {{nts|1104.43}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf|title=Hong Kong Geographic|publisher=The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> | {{nts|6537}} | {{CHN}} |- |30 | [[Baghdad]] | [[File:Haifa street, as seen from the medical city hospital across the tigres.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|7180889}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographic Statistics of Iraq (2009)|url=http://cosit.gov.iq/en/population-manpower-staatistics/life|work=Central Statistical Government of Iraq|accessdate=5 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305055657/http://cosit.gov.iq/en/population-manpower-staatistics/life|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Admeenistrative destricts in Baghdad|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>The province o Baghdad is dividit intae nine destrict, admeenistered bi the Metropolitan Municipality o Baghdad. The destricts are distributit intae 89 Neighborhuid Cooncils.</ref> | {{nts|4555}}<ref>Thare are mony disputes aboot Baghdad ceety (urban) aurie. The ceety o Baghdad haes the special status o provincial. The demographic information reportit tae the ceety proper are non-existent or are the estimates, projections inconclusive. The Metropolitan Municipality o Baghdad is a ceety "federal destrict - province". Is seemilar tae the case o Cairo Govrenorate.</ref> | {{nts|1577}} | {{IRQ}} |- |31 | [[Wuhan]] | [[File:Wuchang-Uprising-Memorial-Square-0127.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|6886253}}<ref>{{cite web|title=武汉市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 (Main Data from Wuhan 2010 Census)|url=http://www.whtj.gov.cn/Article/ShowArticle.aspx?id=6417|publisher=Wuhan Statistics Bureau|date=10 May 2011|accessdate=31 July 2011|archive-date=2011-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025103716/http://www.whtj.gov.cn/Article/ShowArticle.aspx?id=6417|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Wuhan#Admeenistrative diveesions|Sub-Provincial City]]<ref>The sub-provincial ceety o Wuhan haes direct jurisdiction ower 13 destricts (aicht urban/five rural). The ceety proper (urban) based on the destricts o Jiang'an, Jianghan, Qiaokou, Hanyang, Wuchang an Qingshan considered "core destricts" + Inner suburbs (destricts): Hongshan, Dongxihu.</ref> | {{nts|1327.61}}<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111105213243/http://www.whtj.gov.cn/documents/tjnj2010.pdf Wuhan Statistical Yearbook 2010] p. 15</ref> | {{nts|5187}} | {{CHN}} |- |32 | [[Hanoi]] | [[File:Hanoi Cityscape.jpg |125px]] | {{nts|6844100}}<ref name="vietnam1" /> | [[Hanoi#Destricts|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]] | {{nts|3323.6}}<ref name="vietnam2" /> | {{nts|2059}} | {{VIE}} |- |33 | [[Hyderabad]] | [[File:MindSpace campus in Hyderabad, India.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|6809970}}<ref name=india1/> | [[Leet o destricts o Andhra Pradesh|Municipal Corporation]] | {{nts|621.48}}<ref name="Hyd1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp|title=Greater Hyderabad Municipal corporation 2010|publisher=GHMC|accessdate=12-04-2010|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225201010/https://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|10958}} | {{IND}} |- |34 | [[Rio de Janeiro]] | [[File:Vista aérea Centro do Rio de Janeiro RJ.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|6429923}}<ref name="brazil1"/> | [[Rio de Janeiro#Ceety destricts|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|1200.27}}<ref name="IBGE"/> | {{nts|5357}} | {{BRA}} |- |35 | [[Lahore]] | [[File:Kalma Underpass1.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|6318745}}<ref name=pakistan/> | [[Leet o touns in Lahore|Ceety Destrict]] | {{nts|1772}}<ref name=pakistan>{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/pakistan.aspx|title=Lahore City District - Lahore City Tehsil|publisher=GeoHive|accessdate=10 March 2014|archive-date=2013-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406012611/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/pakistan.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|3566}} | {{PAK}} |- |36 | [[Foshan]] | [[File:Downtown of Guicheng.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|6151622}}<ref>{{cite web|title=佛山2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[1]|url=http://fs.house.sina.com.cn/news/2011-05-16/094028198.shtml|work=City of Foshan|accessdate=30 January 2014|archive-date=2014-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202204550/http://fs.house.sina.com.cn/news/2011-05-16/094028198.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Districts of Changcheng, Nanhai, Shunde; see [[Foshan#Admeenistration]]</ref> | [[Foshan#Admeenistration|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] | {{nts|2034.62}}<ref>{{cite web|title=About Foshan|url=http://www.foshan.gov.cn/english/|work=City of Foshan|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> | {{nts|3023}} | {{CHN}} |- |37 | [[Santiago]] | [[File:Santiago de Chile.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|5743719}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile - Santiago (Census 2012)|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/chile.aspx|accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Santiago Province, Chile|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>The province o Santiago is dividit intae thirty-twa destricts, admeenistered bi the Metropolitan Municipality o Santiago. But the destrict o Lo Barnechea is rural (moontains) an is nae pairt o the ceety proper. The ceety proper (urban aurie) o Santiago is generally considered tae be formed bi thirty-ane destricts (Province o Santiago), the destrict o Puente Alto (Province o Cordillera), an the destrict o San Bernardo (Province o Maipo).</ref> | {{nts|1249.9}} | {{nts|4595}} | {{CHI}} |- |38 | [[Riyadh]] | [[File:Riyadh 1337.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|5676621}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Composition of Population (2012)|url=http://www.arriyadh.com/openshare/Eng/ADA/Content/ADA-Public/Investment_Arriyadh_2013.pdf|work=Arriyadh Development Authority|accessdate=4 March 2014|archive-date=2013-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823065650/http://www.arriyadh.com/openshare/Eng/ADA/Content/ADA-Public/Investment_Arriyadh_2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Riyadh#Geography and climate|Municipality City]]<ref>Riyadh is dividit intae 15 branch municipalities, in addeetion tae the Diplomatic Quarter. Each branch municipality in turn contains several districts, amoontin tae ower 130 in tot, tho some destricts are dividit atween mair nor ane branch municipality. The branch municipalities are Al-Shemaysi, Irqah, Al-Ma'athar, Al-Olayya, Al-Aziziyya, Al-Malaz, Al-Selayy, Nemar, Al-Neseem, Al-Shifa, Al-'Urayja, Al-Bat'ha, Al-Ha'ir, Al-Rawdha, an Al-Shimal ("the North").</ref> | {{nts|1233.98}}<ref>Arriyadh Development Authority (Investment_Arriyadh_2013)</ref> | {{nts|4600}} | {{KSA}} |- |39 | [[Ahmedabad]] | [[File:Amdavad Aerial.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|5570585}}<ref name=india1/> | [[Ahmedabad destrict|Municipal Corporation]] | {{nts|475}} | {{nts|11727}} | {{IND}} |- |40 | [[Singapore]] | [[File:Singapore CBD skyline from Esplanade at dusk.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|5399200}}<ref>{{cite web|title=POPULATION IN BRIEF 2013|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/browse_by_theme/population/statistical_tables/popinbrief2013.pdf|work=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/|publisher=Singapore|accessdate=22 January 2014|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113144038/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/browse_by_theme/population/statistical_tables/popinbrief2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Singapore|Ceety State]] | {{nts|712.4}} | {{nts|7579}} | {{SIN}} |- |41 | [[Shantou]] | [[File:China-shantou03.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|5391028}}<ref>{{cite web|title=现将汕头市2010年第六次全国人口普查分区县常住人口[2]数据公布如下：|url=http://sttj.shantou.gov.cn/6rkpc/20110519.html|work=汕头市2010年第六次全国人口普查 主要数据公报[1]|accessdate=30 January 2014|archive-date=2014-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424121611/http://sttj.shantou.gov.cn/6rkpc/20110519.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Shantou#Admeenistration|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] | {{nts|2064.42}} | {{nts|2611}} | {{CHN}} |- |42 | [[Luanda]] | [[File:Marginal Avenida 4 de Fevreiro Luanda March 2013 05 (cropped).JPG|125px]] | {{nts|5278800}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Angola (2013)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Angola.html|work=CityPopulation.De|accessdate=22 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Luanda Province|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>Luanda is a ceety-province o Angola. In 2011 Luanda Province wis subdividit intae seiven municipalities: Belas, Cacuaco, Cazenga, Ícolo e Bengo, Luanda, Quiçama an Viana, admeenistered bi the Metropolitan Municipality o Luanda (18825.28 square kilometres). These are again subdividit intae 47 Communes (Comunas). The ceety proper o Luanda is formed bi five destricts: Belas, Viana, Luanda, Cazenga an Cacuaco.</ref> | {{nts|2180.29}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Divisão Político-Administrativa da Província de Luanda|url=http://www.info-angola.ao/images/stories/dpa-grande.png|work=Info-Angola|accessdate=22 March 2014|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034703/http://www.info-angola.ao/images/stories/dpa-grande.png|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|2421}} | {{ANG}} |- |43 | [[Saunt Petersburg]] | [[File:Petersburg-square.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|5131967}}<ref name="2014Est">[[Goskomstat|Rosstat]]. [http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/PrPopul.xls Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2014 г.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225132215/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/PrPopul.xls%0A |date=2018-12-25 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> | [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Saunt Petersburg|Federal Ceety]] | {{nts|1439}}<ref name="RusArea2009"/> | {{nts|3566}} | {{RUS}} |- |44 | [[Abidjan]] | [[File:Plateau Centre-est.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4765000}}<ref name="demographia"/> | [[Abidjan#Politics|Department/Ceety Destrict]] | {{nts|2119}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Presentation|url=http://www.districtabidjan.ci/presentation.php|publisher=District Autonome D'Abidjan|accessdate=17 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321123118/http://www.districtabidjan.ci/presentation.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|2249}} | {{CIV}} |- |45 | [[Chengdu]] | | {{nts|4741929}}<ref name="2010census">{{cite web|url=http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/govAffairInfo/detail.jsp?id=425258|title=我市2010年第六次全国人口普查数据公报 |publisher=Government of Chengdu|date=2011-05-13|language=Chinese|accessdate=2011-08-04}}</ref> | [[Chengdu#Admeenistrative diveesions|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] | {{nts|421}}<ref name="2010census"/> | {{nts|11260}} | {{CHN}} |- |46 | [[Yangon]] | [[File:Downtown Yangon (2006).jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4714000}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographia World Urban Areas (2014)|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|publisher=Demographia|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Leet o destricts an neighborhoods o Yangon|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>Yangon is admeenistered bi the Yangon Ceety Development Committee (YCDC). The ceety proper is dividit intae fower destricts: Wastren Destrict, Eastren Destrict, Soothren Destrict an Northren Destrict. The destricts combined hae a tot o 33 tounships.</ref> | {{nts|598.75}}<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090226114154/http://www.uncrd.or.jp/env/3rd-regional-est-forum/doc/23_Myanmar.pdf Third Regional EST Forum, Presentation of Myanmar]. Retrieved 11 March 2014.</ref> | {{nts|7873}} | {{MYA}} |- |47 | [[Chennai]] | [[File:Southern Railway HQ.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4681087}}<ref name=2011city>{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|work=censusindia|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> | [[Administration of Chennai|Municipal Corporation]]<ref>Chennai ceety is govrened bi the Chennai Corporation, dividin intae three regions - fifteen destricts: North (Tiruvottiyur, Manali, Madhavaram, Tondiarpet an Royapuram), Sooth (Valasaravakkam, Alandur, Adyar, Perungudi an Sholinganallur) an Central (Thiru-Vi-Ka Nagar, Ambattur, Anna Nagar, Teynampet an Kodambakkam), which covers 200 wards. O the tot land aurie, reserved forests cover 2.71 km2 an is concentratit in an aroond the Guindy Naitional Pairk region, ane o the few naitional pairks in the warld locatit within a ceety.</ref> | {{nts|426.51}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Expanded Chennai Corporationto be divided into 3 regions|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2658830.ece|work=The Hindu|accessdate=22 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126073120/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2658830.ece|archive-date=2011-11-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|21057}} | {{IND}} |- |48 | [[Sydney]] | [[File:Sydney Harbour01.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4676118}}<ref name=australia>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/3218.0~2012-13~Main+Features~Main+Features|title=Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2012-13|publisher=ABS|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref> | [[Leet o Sydney suburbs|Municipality]] | {{nts|2036.55}} | {{nts|1919}} | {{AUS}} |- |49 | [[Alexandria]] | [[File:Alexandria - Egypt.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4616625}}<ref name="Capmas2013"/> | [[Alexandria Governorate|Governorate]] | {{nts|2300}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Egypt: Administrative Units|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/egypt.aspx|work=GeoHive|accessdate=4 March 2014}}</ref><ref>The ceety o Alexandria haes an aurie o approximately 400 square kilometres. Egyptian offeecials provides information at govrenorate level. In the case o "ceety proper" provides information at intervals o mony years. It is impossible tae assess the population (offeecial) reportit in the ceety proper aurie.</ref> | {{nts|2007}} | {{EGY}} |- |50 | [[Chongqing]] | [[File:Chongqing Night Yuzhong.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4513137}}<ref>{{cite web|title=China - Chongqing City (2010)|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/cn-50.aspx|work=GeoHive|accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Leet o admeenistrative diveesions o Chongqing|Direct-controlled Municipality]]<ref>Chongqing is the lairgest o the fower direct-controlled municipalities o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. The municipality is dividit intae 38 subdiveesions (3 wur abolished in 1997, an Wansheng an Shuangqiao destricts wur abolished in October 2011), consistin o 19 destricts, 15 coonties, an 4 autonomous coonties. The ceety proper based on the destricts o Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nan'an considered "Central Chongqing (重庆市中心)".</ref> | {{nts|1435.07}} | {{nts|3145}} | {{CHN}} |- |51 | [[Kolkata]] | [[File:Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4486679}}<ref name="india1"/> | [[Municipal Corporation]] | {{nts|200.7}} | {{nts|24252}} | {{IND}} |- |52 | [[Xi'an]] | [[File:Xi'an erhuan southeast.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|4483426}}<ref>{{cite web|title=西安市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[1]|url=http://news.163.com/11/0525/03/74SC9U2E00014AED.html|work=Chinese Census 2010|accessdate=14 March 2014|archive-date=2015-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208053640/http://news.163.com/11/0525/03/74SC9U2E00014AED.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Xi'an#Subdiveesion|Sub-Provincial Ceety]]<ref>The sub-provincial ceety o Xi'an haes direct jurisdiction ower 9 destricts (区 qu) an 4 coonties (县 xian). The ceety proper based on the destricts o Xīnchéng, Bēilín an Liánhú considered "core destricts" + Inner suburbs (destricts): Bàqiáo, Wèiyāng an Yàntǎ.</ref> | {{nts|832.17}} | {{nts|5388}} | {{CHN}} |- |53 | [[Surat]] | [[File:GauravPath1.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4462002}}<ref name=india1/> | [[Municipal Corporation]] | {{nts|326.515}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/content/city/demographics.shtml |title=Demographics: Surat Municipal Corporation |access-date=2013-06-29 |archive-date=2009-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404112933/http://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/content/city/demographics.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{nts|13666}} | {{IND}} |- |54 | [[Johannesburg]] | [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4434827}}<ref name="South Africa"/> | [[Ceety o Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|1644.98}} | {{nts|2696}} | {{ZAF}} |- |55 | [[Nanjing]] | [[File:紫峰大厦.jpeg|125px]] | {{nts|4393857}}<ref>Destricts o Xuanwu, Qinhuai, Jianye, Gulou, Yuhuatai, Qixia; see [[Nanjing#Admeenistrative diveesions|Admeenistrative diveesions]]</ref> | [[Nanjing#Admeenistrative diveesions|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] | {{nts|742.85}} | {{nts|5915}} | {{CHN}} |- |56 | [[Dar es Salaam]] | [[File:Dar es Salaam aerial.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4364541}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Pinda|first=Mizengo Peter|title=Welcome to the 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing Census WebPage.|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/new.html|work=Census General Report (pdf); available by clicking “Population Distribution by Administrative Units”|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of Tanzania|accessdate=28 December 2013|archive-date=2014-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105051305/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/new.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Dar es Salaam Region|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>Dar es Salaam is dividit intae three destricts: Ilala, Kinondoni, an Temeke. Aw three are govrened as municipal cooncils, an so aw o the ceety's suburbs or wards are affiliated wi them.</ref> | {{nts|1631.12}}<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/php/tanzania-admin.php TANZANIA:Administrative Division]</ref> | {{nts|2676}} | {{TZA}} |- |57 | [[Ankara]] | [[File:Ankara and mosque wza.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4360438}}<ref>{{cite web|title=TURKEY: Ankara (2013)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/turkey-ankaracity.php|publisher=CityPopulation.De|accessdate=4 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Ankara Province|Metropolitan Municipality-Province]]<ref>The province o Ankara is dividit intae twenty five destricts, admeenistered bi the Metropolitan Municipality o Ankara. The ceety proper (urban aurie) o Ankara is generally considered tae be formed bi aicht destricts (Sincan, Yenimahalle, Etimesgut, Keçiören, Pursaklar, Altındağ, Mamak, Çankaya). In some criteria, Gölbaşı destrict is pairt o the ceety, but the deestrict o Gölbaşı is rural.</ref> | {{nts|1910.92}} | {{nts|2282}} | {{TUR}} |- |58 | [[Suzhou]] | [[File:China Suzhou Jinjihu Lake.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4327066}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sztjj.gov.cn/tjnj/sqsl2014.pdf|title=Suzhou (Statistics 2013)|publisher=Sztjj.gov.cn|accessdate=20 April 2014|archive-date=2014-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419145824/http://www.sztjj.gov.cn/tjnj/sqsl2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Suzhou#Admeenistrative diveesions|Sub-Provincial Ceety]]<ref>The ceety proper based on the destricts o Gūsū, Wúzhōng, Sūzhōu Gōngyèyuán (Industrial Park), Xiàngchéng and Sūzhōu Gāo Xīnjìshù Chǎnyè Kāifāqū (New Destrict)</ref> | {{nts|1649.72}}<ref>Sztjj.gov.cn</ref> | {{nts|2526}} | {{CHN}} |- |59 | [[Harbin]] | [[File:Tower at Harbin Ice and Snow Festival 2012.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4280701}}<ref>{{cite web|title=黑龙江省2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rkpcgb/dfrkpcgb/201202/t20120228_30390.html|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China|accessdate=3 February 2014}}</ref><ref>Aw ceety proper destricts except Sōngběi; namely Dàolǐ, Nángǎng, Dàowài, Píngfáng, Xiāngfang; see [[Harbin#Admeenistrative diveesions]]</ref> | [[Harbin#Administrative divisions|Sub-Provincial City]] | {{nts|1718.2}}<ref>{{cite web|title=中国年鉴信息网--中国规模最大、实力最强的研究报告提供商！|url=http://www.chinayearbook.com/pcbook/item/1/153934.html|work=Harbin Yearbook|publisher=China Yearbook|accessdate=3 February 2014|archive-date=2016-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506174236/http://www.chinayearbook.com/pcbook/item/1/153934.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|2491.4}} | {{CHN}} |- |60 | [[Melbourne]] | [[File:Melbourne by night.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4252458}}<ref name=australia/> | [[Leet o Melbourne suburbs|Municipality]] | {{nts|9990.5}}<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~2GMEL/$File/BCP_2GMEL.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Melbourne: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=20 May 2014|archive-date=2014-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211205604/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~2GMEL/$File/BCP_2GMEL.zip?OpenElement|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|1458}} | {{AUS}} |- |61 | [[Giza]] | [[File:Egipt 383.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|4239988}}<ref>{{cite web|title=EGYPT: Greater Cairo (2006)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/egypt-greatercairo.php|work=citypopulation.de|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> | [[Giza#Destricts an neighbourhuids o Giza|Govrenorate]]<ref>Aw destricts that are leetit as bein in Greater Cairo an are contiguous; namely Ad-Duqī, Al-Ahrām; Al-'Ajūzah; Al-Badrashayn; Al-Ḥawāmidiyah; Al-Jīzah; Al-Jīzah; Al-'Umrāniyah; Al-Warrāq; Awsīm; Būlāq al-Dakrūr; Imbābah; Kirdāsah.</ref> | {{nts|289.08}} | {{nts|14667}} | {{EGY}} |- |62 | [[Zhengzhou]] | | {{nts|4122087}}<ref>[[Zhengzhou#Admeenistration an demografie|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] (Census 2010)</ref> | [[Zhengzhou#Admeenistration an demografie|Sub-Provincial Ceety]]<ref>The ceety proper based on the destricts o Zhōngyuán, Èrqī, Guǎnchéng Huízú, Jīnshuǐ an Huìjì</ref> | {{nts|1015.66}} | {{nts|4059}} | {{CHN}} |- |63 | [[New Taipei Ceety]] | | {{nts|3954929}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/taiwan-admin.php|title=TAIWAN: Administrative Division (Census 2013)|publisher=CityPopulation.De|accessdate=23 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Special municipality (Republic of China)|Special Municipality]] | {{nts|2052.57}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foreigner.ntpc.gov.tw/web/SG?command=display&pageID=36568&FP=D40000002968000000_5|title=New Taipei City|publisher=New Taipei City Government|accessdate=18 October 2011|archive-date=2012-07-09|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709080120/http://foreigner.ntpc.gov.tw/web/SG?command=display&pageID=36568&FP=D40000002968000000_5|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|1927}} | {{ROC-TW}} |- |64 | [[Los Angeles]] | [[File:LA Skyline Mountains2.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3857799}}<ref name="United States"/> | Municipality Ceety<ref>Los Angeles Ceety is dividit intae ower 80 destricts an neighborhuids.</ref> | {{nts|1213.85}} | {{nts|3178}} | {{USA}} |- |65 | [[Cape Toun]] | [[File:Central Cape Town.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3740026}}<ref name="South Africa"/> | [[Leet o Cape Toun suburbs|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|2444.97}} | {{nts|1530}} | {{ZAF}} |- |66 | [[Shenyang]] | [[File:Shenyang Zentrum.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3717098 }}<ref>Destricts o Shenhe, Heping, Dadong, Huangu, Tiexi; see [[Shenyang#Destricts an zones|Destricts an zones]]</ref> | Sub-Provincial Ceety | {{nts|166}} | {{nts|22392}} | {{CHN}} |- |67 | [[Yokohama]] | [[File:Minato Mirai In Blue.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3680267}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/tokei/tokei/204/jinko.html|title=Official monthly estimated de jure population by the Kanagawa Prefectural Government (2010)|publisher=StatJapMonthlyCityYokohama|accessdate=3 March 2014|archive-date=2012-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424041142/http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/tokei/tokei/204/jinko.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Ceeties o Japan|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|437.38}} | {{nts|8414}} | {{JPN}} |- |68 | [[Busan]] | [[File:August Afternoon in Haeundae 2.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3590101}}<ref name="kosispop">[http://www.mospa.go.kr/gpms/ns/mogaha/user/userlayout/bulletin/userBtView.action?userBtBean.bbsSeq=1023919&userBtBean.ctxCd=1012&userBtBean.ctxType=21010002&userBtBean.categoryCd=] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090806/http://www.mospa.go.kr/gpms/ns/mogaha/user/userlayout/bulletin/userBtView.action?userBtBean.bbsSeq=1023919&userBtBean.ctxCd=1012&userBtBean.ctxType=21010002&userBtBean.categoryCd= |date=2016-03-04 }}, Retrieved 2013-07-01.</ref> | Municipality Ceety | {{nts|766.12}}<ref name="kosispop"/> | {{nts|4686}} | {{KOR}} |- |69 | [[Hangzhou]] | [[File:Hangzhou-yellow-dragon-stad.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3560391}}<ref name="stat">{{cite web |url=http://www.hzstats.gov.cn/web/ShowNews.aspx?id=DwGeRFDvlVg= |title=杭州市 2010年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |accessdate=2011-09-15 |date=2011-02-24 |publisher=Hangzhou Municipal Statistic Bureau |language=Simplified Chinese |archive-date=2011-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903121404/http://www.hzstats.gov.cn/web/ShowNews.aspx?id=DwGeRFDvlVg%3D |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Sub-Provincial Ceety | {{nts|728.19}}<ref name="stat"/> | {{nts|4889}} | {{CHN}} |- |70 | [[Xiamen]] | [[File:Buddhism library.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3531347}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Xiamen (Sub-provincial city, Fujian)|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-admin.php?adm2id=3502|work=citypopulation.de|accessdate=4 March 2014|date=November 1, 2010}}</ref> | Sub-Provincial Ceety | {{nts|1699}} | {{nts|2078}} | {{CHN}} |- |71 | [[Quanzhou]] | [[File:Lingshan Islamic Cemetery - city view - DSCF8486.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|3520846}}<ref>Following sections: Licheng District, Fengze District, Shishi City, Jinjiang City; see [[Quanzhou#Administrative divisions]]</ref> | [[Quanzhou#Admeenistrative diveesions|Sub-Provincial Ceety]] | {{nts|1062}} | {{nts|3315}} | {{CHN}} |- |72 | [[Berlin]] | [[File:PotsdamerPlatz Vogelperspektive 2004 1.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3517424}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2014/14-02-18.pdf|title=Population of Berlin(01.01.2014)|publisher=Statistics Agency Berlin-Brandenburg|accessdate= 3 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Boroughs an localities o Berlin|Ceety State]] | {{nts|891.75}} | {{nts|3944}} | {{DEU}} |- |73 |[[Jeddah]] | [[File:Jeddeh4.jpg|125px]] |{{nts|3456259}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Saudi Census-2010|url=http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/yb47/Pages/MixChapter2.htm|work=Central Departament of Statistics Saudi Government|accessdate=4 March 2014|archive-date=2013-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201022443/http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/yb47/Pages/MixChapter2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Municipality Ceety |{{nts|1765}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Area and Population|url=http://www.jeddah.gov.sa/english/JeddahCity/Geographical.php|work=Jeddah Municipality|accessdate=4 March 2014|archive-date=2014-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421215956/http://www.jeddah.gov.sa/english/JeddahCity/Geographical.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> |{{nts|1958}} |{{SAU}} |- |74 | [[Durban]] | [[File:VWestDurban.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3442361}}<ref name="South Africa">{{cite web|title=Census (2011)|url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/|publisher=Statistics South Africa|accessdate=23 March 2014|archive-date=2015-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116045932/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Durban#Suburbs|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|2291.31}} | {{nts|1502}} | {{ZAF}} |- |75 | [[Kabul]] | [[File:Khair Khana in 2012.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3414100}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Afghanistan (2013)|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/afghanistan.aspx|publisher=GeoHive|accessdate=21 March 2014}}</ref> | [[Kabul#Neighborhuids|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|275}} | {{nts|12415}} | {{AFG}} |- |76 | [[Hefei]] | | {{nts|3352076}}<ref>{{cite web|title=合肥市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报: 合肥市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公 报[1]|url=http://wenku.baidu.com/view/5adc27c29ec3d5bbfd0a74db.html|publisher=Baidu|accessdate=15 February 2014|archive-date=2017-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711083138/https://wenku.baidu.com/view/5adc27c29ec3d5bbfd0a74db.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Hefei#Admeenistration|Sub-Provincial Ceety]]<ref>The prefectur-level ceety o Hefei admeenisters 9 coonty-level diveesions, includin 4 destricts, 1 Coonty-ceety an 4 coonties. The ceety proper based on the destricts o Luyang, Yaohai, Shushan an Baohe considered "core destricts".</ref> | {{nts|838.52}} | {{nts|3998}} | {{CHN}} |- |77 | [[Pyongyang]] | [[File:0322 Pyongyang Turm der Juche Idee Aussicht.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3255388}}<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/2008_North_Korea_Census.pdf United Nations Statistics Division; Preliminary results of the 2008 Census of Population of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea conducted on 1-15 October 2008 ('''pdf-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325102712/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/2008_North_Korea_Census.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }} Retrieved on 2009-03-01.</ref> | [[Pyongyang#Admeenistrative status an diveesions|Direct-controlled Municipality]] | {{nts|2113}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.northkorea1on1.com/cities.cfm?cid=pyongyan |title=PYONGYANG |access-date=2014-06-03 |archive-date=2014-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717220924/http://www.northkorea1on1.com/cities.cfm?cid=pyongyan |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{nts|1541}} | {{PRK}} |- |78 | [[Madrid]] | [[File:Gran Vía (Madrid) 1.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3207247}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Municipal Register: Last data published: Population at 1st January (2013)|url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fe260&file=inebase&L=|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE - Spain)|accessdate=3 March 2014|archive-date=2013-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208094936/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fe260&file=inebase&L=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Destricts o Madrid|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|605.77}} | {{nts|5294}} | {{ESP}} |- |79 | [[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Ekurhuleni]] | [[File:Germiston CBD.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3178470}}<ref name="South Africa"/> | [[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Municipality Ceety]] | {{nts|1975.31}} | {{nts|1609}} | {{ZAF}} |- |80 |[[Nairobi]] | [[File:NBO5.jpg|125px]] |{{nts|3138369}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Kenya (Census 2009)|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/kenya.aspx|publisher=Geohive|accessdate=3 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303020641/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/kenya.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[Provinces o Kenyae|Caipital Destrict]] |{{nts|694.9}} |{{nts|4516}} |{{KEN}} |- |81 | [[Pune]] | [[File:AmonoraTownCentre.jpg|125px]] | {{nts|3115431}}<ref name=india1/> | [[Municipal Corporation]] | {{nts|450.69}} | {{nts|6913}} | {{IND}} |- |82 | [[Addis Ababa]] | [[File:Aerials Ethiopia 2009-08-27 15-26-13.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|3103673}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csa.gov.et/images/documents/pdf_files/nationalstatisticsabstract/2012/2012%20POPULATION.pdf|title=Population Size of Towns by Sex, Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2013|publisher=Central Statistical Agency - CSA|accessdate=July 2013|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211418/http://www.csa.gov.et/images/documents/pdf_files/nationalstatisticsabstract/2012/2012%20POPULATION.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Metropolitan Municipality-Province<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php|title=based on the districts of Akaki Kaliti-Sub City, Nefas Silk-Lafto-Sub City, Kolfe Keraniyo-Sub City, Gulele-Sub City, Lideta-Sub City, Kirkos-Sub City, Arada-Sub City, Addis Ketema-Sub City, Yeka-Sub City, Bole-Sub City considered "districts"|access-date=2013-06-29|archive-date=2014-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214085603/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{nts|526.99}} | {{nts|5889}} |{{ETH}} |- |83 |[[Changsha]] | [[File:The Huángxīng Lù Commercial Pedestrian Street in Changsha.jpg|125px]] |{{nts|3093980}} | [[Changsha#Admeenistration|Sub-Provincial Ceety]]<ref>Based on the follaein destricts: Furong, Tianxin, Yuelu, Kaifu, Yuhua; see [[Changsha#Admeenistration|Admeenistration]]</ref> |{{nts|969}} |{{nts|3193}} |{{CHN}} |- |84 | [[Jaipur]] | [[File:DSCN1444.JPG|125px]] | {{nts|3073350}}<ref name=india1/> | [[Municipal Corporation]] | {{nts|485}} | {{nts|6337}} | {{IND}} |- |85 |[[Wenzhou]] |[[File:Shopping street in Wenzhou.jpg|125px]] |{{nts|3039439}}<ref name="Wenzhou City, in 2010 the sixth national census data bulletin">{{cite web|title=1103-浙江省温州市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报: 温州市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报|url=http://wenku.baidu.com/view/68e6f74d852458fb770b5630|publisher=Baidu|accessdate=3 March 2014|archive-date=2017-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711083254/https://wenku.baidu.com/view/68e6f74d852458fb770b5630|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[Wenzhou#Admeenistration|Sub-Provincial Ceety]]<ref>Based on the follaein destricts: Lucheng, Longwan, Ouhai; see [[Wenzhou#Admeenistration|Admeenistration]]</ref> |{{nts|1187.88}} |{{nts|2559}} |{{CHN}} |- |} ==Notes an references== {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leet O Ceeties Proper Bi Population}} [[Category:Leets o ceeties bi demografie|Population]] [[Category:Leets o ceeties bi population]] [[Category:Populatit places bi teep]] [[Category:Demographics]] [[Category:Demographic leets]] [[Category:Censuses]] 59bi3jb4kvtj4bnb7gw4fkedii2mf5f 0 57078 923721 923436 2026-09-29T12:59:46Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Julian Assange | image = RUEDA DE PRENSA CONJUNTA ENTRE CANCILLER RICARDO PATIÑO Y JULIAN ASSANGE - 14953880621.jpg | caption = Assange in 2014 | birth_name = Julian Paul Hawkins | nationality = [[Australie]]<br />[[Ecuadorians|Ecuadorian]] (2018–2019)<ref>{{cite news |last=Valencia|first=Alexandra|date=2019-04-12|title=After years of giving refuge, Ecuador suspends Assange's citizenship|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ecuador-assange-citizenship/after-years-of-giving-refuge-ecuador-suspends-assanges-citizenship-idUSKCN1RN1LN/|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2024-05-07|language=en}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1971|07|03}} | birth_place = [[Townsville]], [[Queensland]], [[Australie]] | years_active = 1987–present | known_for = Foondin [[WikiLeaks]] | title = [[Buird o directors|Director]]{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} an eeditor-in-chief o [[WikiLeaks]] (till September 2018); publisher (syne September 2018)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/df4b97d353c34ce4baa02f671dd6321b|title=WikiLeaks names one-time spokesman as editor-in-chief|newspaper=[[AP News]]|access-date=26 September 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> | criminal_status = Sentenced tae [[guid behaviour bond]] an reparations in 1996 for hackin offences. Sentenced tae 50 weeks in preeson, on 1 Mey 2019, for [[Bail#Failyie tae complee|breachin bail]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-48118908|work=BBC News|title=Julian Assange: Wikileaks co-founder jailed over bail breach|date=1 May 2019}}</ref> | spouse = {{marriage|Teresa Doe|1989|1999|reason=div.}} | partner = [[Sarah Harrison (jurnalist)|Sarah Harrison]]<br />(2009–2012)<ref> {{cite news |last1=Faiola |first1=Anthony |last2=Adam |first2=Karla |date=5 July 2013 |title=Sarah Harrison, the woman from WikiLeaks |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/sarah-harrison-the-woman-from-wikileaks/2013/07/05/8631200e-e406-11e2-bffd-37a36ddab820_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |department=World |location= |access-date=11 August 2019 |language= |quote= }} </ref> | children = 2 | occupation = {{hlist|Eeditor|Programmer}} | party = {{ubl|[[Independent politeecian|Independent]] (2015–present)|[[WikiLeaks Pairty|WikiLeaks]] (2012–2015)}} | awards = | signature = Julian_Assange_Autograph.svg }} '''Julian Paul Assange''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|ɑː|n|ʒ}} {{respell|ə|SAHNZH|'}};<ref name="WikiLeaks Founder on History's Top Leaks"/><ref name="Julian Assange's The World Tomorrow: Official Trailer (video)"/><!-- Pronunciations sometimes heard, but obviously not correct: ə|ˈ|s|ɒ|n|dʒ or ə|ˈ|s|ɒ|n|ʒ --> born 3 Julie 1971) is an Australian editor, activist, publisher an jurnalist.<ref name="tcij"/><ref name="amnestyint"/> He is kent as the editor-in-chief an foonder o [[WikiLeaks]], which publishes submissions o secret information,<ref name="Scientology threatens Wikileaks with injunction"/> [[news leak]]s<ref name="What is the effect of WikiLeaks for Freedom of Information?"/> an classifee'd media frae anonymous news soorces<ref name="What is Wikileaks?"/> an [[whistleblower]]s.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sanburn |first=Josh |date=2010-11-10 |title=Who Will Be TIME's 2010 Person of the Year? |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C2028734_2028733%2C00.html |magazine=Time Magazine |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112125145/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2028734_2028733,00.html |archive-date=2010-11-12 |access-date=2024-05-08 }}</ref> Assange wis a [[hacker (term)|hacker]] as a teenager, then a [[computer programmer]] afore becomin kent for his wirk wi WikiLeaks<ref name="timesonline"/> an makkin public appearances aroond the warld speakin aboot [[freedom o the press]], [[censorship]], an [[investigative jurnalism]]. WikiLeaks became internaitionally weel kent in 2010 when it began tae publish U.S. militar an diplomatic documents wi assistance frae its pairtners in the news media. [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] documents reportedly state that militar personnel who mak contact wi WikiLeaks or "WikiLeaks supporters" are at risk o bein chairgit wi "communicatin wi the enemy",<ref name="US documents reportedly refer to Assange, WikiLeaks as 'enemy'"/> an the [[United States Department of Justice]] reportitly haes considered prosecutin Assange for several affences.<ref name="savage1"/> Durin the trial o Manning prosecutors presentit evidence that thay claim reveals that Manning an Assange collaboratit tae steal an publish U.S. militar an diplomatic documents.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2011/12/military-assange-manning-collaborated-in-chats.html |title= Chat Logs Show Assange-Manning Collaboration, Military Says |work=New York |date= 23 December 2011 |author= Relph, Azriel James}}</ref> [[File:Julian Assange in 2008.jpg|left|thumb]] Syne November 2010, Assange haes been subject tae a [[European Arrest Warrant]] in response tae a Swadish police request for questioning in relation tae a sexual assault investigation. In Juin 2012, follaein feenal dismissal bi the [[Supreme court o the UK|Supreme Court o the United Kinrick]] o his appeal against enforcement o the European reest Warrant, Assange haes failed tae surrender tae his bail, an haes been treatit bi the UK authorities as haein absconded. Syne 19 Juin 2012, he haes been inside the Ecuadorian embassy in Lunnon, whaur he haes syne been grantit [[diplomatic asylum]].<ref name="asylumgranted" /><ref name="asylum"/> The Breetish govrenment intends tae [[Extradition|extradite]] Assange tae Swaden unner that reest warrant ance he leaves the embassy, which Assange says he fears mey result in his subsequent extradition tae the Unitit States tae face chairges ower the diplomatic cables case.<ref name="asylumgranted" /> While on bail in Ingland durin 2012, Assange hostit a poleetical talk show ''[[The World Tomorrow]]'' which wis broadcast on the [[RT (TV netwirk)|RT TV channel]].<ref name="cnn-aslamshoyeva"/><ref name="time-to-watch"/> Assange launched an Australie poleetical pairty cried [[The WikiLeaks Pairty]] an campaigned for a [[Australie Senate|Senate]] seat in [[Victoria (Australie)|Victoria]] in the [[Australie federal election, 2013]].<ref name="Assange gives Ten a welcome boost"/><ref name="Dorling, Philip">{{cite news |title= Assange looks to contest Senate election |url= http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/assange-looks-to-contest-senate-election-20121212-2ba43.html |accessdate=12 December 2012 |newspaper=The Age |location =Melbourne |date=12 December 2012|author=Dorling, Philip}}</ref> It wis later dissolved. ==References== {{reflist|3|refs= <ref name="WikiLeaks Founder on History's Top Leaks">{{cite news |last=Harrell |first=Eben |title=Defending the Leaks: Q&A with WikiLeaks' Julian Assange |date=2010-07-27 |url=https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2006789-1,00.html |magazine=Time Magazine |access-date=2024-05-07 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="Julian Assange's The World Tomorrow: Official Trailer (video)">{{cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMIDuLA57Kg |title=Julian Assange's The World Tomorrow: Official Trailer (video) |publisher=Russia Today |date=13 April 2012 |accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref> <ref name="tcij">{{cite web |url= http://www.tcij.org/node/160 |title= Teachers and speakers |publisher= [[Centre for investigative journalism]] |accessdate= 19 August 2012 |archive-date= 2014-01-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040705/http://www.tcij.org/node/160 |url-status= dead }}</ref> <ref name="amnestyint">{{cite web |url= http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=18227 |title= Amnesty announces Media Awards 2009 winners |publisher= [[Amnesty International]] |date= 2 June 2009 |accessdate= 3 December 2010 |archive-date= 2012-05-30 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120530055214/amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=18227 |url-status= dead }}</ref> <ref name="Assange gives Ten a welcome boost">{{cite news |url= http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/assange-gives-ten-a-welcome-boost-20121008-2780h.html |title=Assange gives Ten a welcome boost |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |author=Idato, Michael |date=8 October 2012 |accessdate=8 October 2012}}</ref> <ref name="Scientology threatens Wikileaks with injunction">{{Cite news |url= http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/04/08/church_of_scientology_contacts_wikileaks/ |title= Scientology threatens Wikileaks with injunction |work =The Register |location =London |date=8 April 2008 |accessdate=7 December 2010}}</ref> <ref name="What is the effect of WikiLeaks for Freedom of Information?">{{cite web |url= http://www.ifla.org/publications/what-is-the-effect-of-wikileaks-for-freedom-of-information |title= What is the effect of WikiLeaks for Freedom of Information? |author=Karhula, Päivikki |date=5 October 2012 |publisher= International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions}}</ref> <ref name="What is Wikileaks?">{{cite web |url= http://wikileaks.org/About.html |title=What is Wikileaks? |publisher=WikiLeaks}}</ref> <ref name="timesonline">{{cite news |title=Profile: Julian Assange, the man behind Wikileaks |author=Gray, Sadie |url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article7094231.ece |newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]] |location=London |date=11 April 2010 |accessdate=17 August 2012 |archive-date=2010-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906200853/http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article7094231.ece |url-status=dead }}{{subscription required}}</ref> <ref name="US documents reportedly refer to Assange, WikiLeaks as 'enemy'">{{cite news |url= http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/us-calls-assange-enemy-of-state-20120927-26m7s.html |title= US calls Assange 'enemy of state' |date=27 September 2012 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |author= Dorling, Philip |accessdate=13 January 2013 }}; this story was cited in [http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/26/14115231-us-documents-reportedly-refer-to-assange-wikileaks-as-enemy?lite NBC News], 26 September 2012</ref> <ref name="savage1">{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |title=U.S. Prosecutors Study WikiLeaks Prosecution |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/world/08leak.html |accessdate=9 December 2010 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=7 December 2010}}</ref> <ref name="asylumgranted">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mmrree.gob.ec/2012/com042.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918223038/http://www.mmrree.gob.ec/2012/com042.asp |archive-date=2012-09-18 |url-status=bot: unknown}}{{es icon}}. Ministry for External Relations, Ecuador. 2012. ({{Cite web |url=http://www.mmrree.gob.ec/2012/com042.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512122032/http://www.mmrree.gob.ec/2012/com042.asp |archive-date=2013-05-12 |url-status=dead}})</ref> <ref name="asylum">{{cite news |url= http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/ecuador-grants-wikileaks-founder-assange-political-asylum/story?id=17018133 |title=Ecuador Grants WikiLeaks Founder Julian Assange Political Asylum |author1=Ferran, Lee |author2=Bruner, Raisa |work=ABC News (U.S.) |date=16 August 2012}}</ref> <ref name="cnn-aslamshoyeva">{{cite news |first=Zarifmo |last=Aslamshoyeva |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/14/world/europe/russia-wikileaks |title=WikiLeaks' Assange to launch TV talk show |work=[[CNN]] |date=14 April 2012 |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> <ref name="time-to-watch">{{cite news |first=Laura |last=Smith |url= http://rt.com/news/assange-world-tomorrow-premier-date-time-934/ |title=Assange show premiere: Time to watch 'The World Tomorrow' |date=13 April 2012 |accessdate=24 April 2012 |work=[[RT (TV network)|RT]]}}</ref> }} ==Freemit airtins== {{Wikiquote|Julian Assange}} {{Commons category|Julian Assange}} {{Wikinews category}} ;Offeecial steid * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051936/http://iq.org/ Julian Assange's wabsteid (archivit)] ;Wirks bi/aboot Assange * {{imdb name|4006677}} * {{gutenberg author|id=Julian_Assange|name=Julian Assange}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Assange, Julian}} [[Category:1971 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Activists frae Melbourne]] [[Category:Jurnalists frae Melbourne]] [[Category:Alternative jurnalists]] [[Category:Australie activists]] [[Category:Australie computer programmers]] [[Category:Australie expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Australie Internet personalities]] [[Category:Australie freelance jurnalists]] [[Category:Australie libertarians]] [[Category:Australie memoirists]] [[Category:Australie poleetical jurnalists]] [[Category:Australie televeesion jurnalists]] [[Category:Australie poleetical writers]] [[Category:Australie publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:Australie whistleblowers]] [[Category:Cypherpunks]] [[Category:Internet activists]] [[Category:Media creetics]] [[Category:Fowk frae Townsville]] [[Category:Varsity o Melbourne alumni]] [[Category:WikiLeaks]] [[Category:Fugitives wantit on sex creeme chairges]] [[Category:Australie fowk impreesoned abroad]] cxt3ayvh46wb7gz7t1m2geufu8ov2hq 0 58733 923746 859353 2026-09-29T17:50:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Milos Raonic |nickname = Canadian missile |image = Milos Raonic 2, Wimbledon 2013 - Diliff.jpg |caption = Milos Raonic at the [[2013 Wimbledon Championships]]. |country = {{CAN}}<ref name="ATP Profile"/> |residence = [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]]<ref name="ATP Profile"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|12|27}} |birth_place = [[Podgorica|Titograd]], [[Montenegro]], [[Socialist Federal Republic o Yugoslavie|SFR Yugoslavie]] |height = 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) |weight = {{convert|90|kg|lb st|abbr=on}} |turnedpro = 2008 |coach = [[Ivan Ljubičić]] |plays = Richt-haundit (twa-haundit backhaund) |careerprizemoney = [[US$|$]]8,101,956 |singlesrecord = 109–61<small> (at [[ATP Tour]] level, [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] level, an in [[Davis Cup]])</small> |singlestitles = 4 |highestsinglesranking = No. 3 (21 November 2016) |currentsinglesranking = No. 7 (26 Juin 2017) |AustralianOpenresult = SF ([[2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2016]]) |FrenchOpenresult = QF ([[2014 French Open – Men's Singles|2014]]) |Wimbledonresult = F ([[2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2016]]) |USOpenresult = 4R ([[2012 US Open – Men's Singles|2012]], [[2013 US Open – Men's Singles|2013]], [[2014 US Open – Men's Singles|2014]]) |Olympicsresult= 2R ([[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|2012]]) |doublesrecord = 17–18<small> (at ATP Tour level, Grand Slam level, and in Davis Cup)</small> |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 103 (Juin 10, 2013) |currentdoublesranking = |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = |WimbledonDoublesresult = |USOpenDoublesresult = |Team = yes |DavisCupresult = ''SF'' ([[2013 Davis Cup|2013]]) |updated = August 19, 2013 }} '''Milos Raonic''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|iː|l|oʊ|ʃ|_|ˈ|r|aʊ|n|ɪ|tʃ}} {{respell|MEE|lohsh}} {{respell|ROW|nich}};:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americaneg.vo.llnwd.net/o16/SVSE/sapopen/2011/20110209_bts1-raonic.wmv |title=Video accessed via the SAP Open's official website. Retrieved February 22, 2011. |date= |accessdate=2013-03-18 |archive-date=2013-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812222749/http://americaneg.vo.llnwd.net/o16/SVSE/sapopen/2011/20110209_bts1-raonic.wmv |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=from Stephanie Myles 2 years ago not yet rated |url=http://vimeo.com/19844359 |title=Retrieved February 22, 2011 |publisher=Vimeo.com |date=2011-02-11 |accessdate=2013-03-18}}</ref> (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Раонић, ''Miloš Raonić'' {{IPA-sh|mîloʃ râonitɕ|}}; born December 27, 1990) is a Canadian professional [[tennis]] player o [[Montenegro|Montenegrin]] origin who resides in [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]].<ref name="ATP Profile">{{cite web|title=Milos Raonic ATP Profile|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Milos-Raonic.aspx|publisher=[[ATP World Tour]]|accessdate=2011–01–22}}</ref><ref name="2010 AO Open interview">{{cite web|title=AO: Milos Raonic Third-Round Press Conference|url=http://tennisconnected.com/home/2011/01/22/ao-milos-raonic-third-round-press-conference/|publisher=Tennis Connected|date=22 January 2011|accessdate=2011–01–22|archive-date=2011-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404112120/http://tennisconnected.com/home/2011/01/22/ao-milos-raonic-third-round-press-conference/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Born in [[Podgorica|Titograd]], [[Socialist Federal Republic o Yugoslavie|SFR Yugoslavie]] (nou [[Podgorica]], [[Montenegro]]), Raonic moved tae Canadae wi his faimily at the age o three,<ref name="2010 AO Open interview"/> learnin the gemme at the [[Bramalea Tennis Club]] in [[Brampton]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Canadian tennis sensation|url=http://www.bramptonguardian.com/sports-story/3077920-canadian-tennis-sensation/|accessdate=25 June 2013|newspaper=Brampton Guardian|date=25 January 2011|location=Brampton ON|quote=A native of Montenegro, Raonic moved to Canada when he was three, living in Brampton and taking lessons at the Bramalea Tennis Club.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129080758/http://www.bramptonguardian.com/sports-story/3077920-canadian-tennis-sensation/|archive-date=2014-11-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is Canadae's heichest [[Association o Tennis Professionals|ATP]] ranked male singles player syne computer rankins began in 1973, wi a current career-heich rankin o Warld No. 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Milos-Raonic.aspx |title=Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis Players – Milos Raonic |publisher=ATP World Tour |date= |accessdate=2013-03-18}}</ref> He qualified for his first [[grand slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] event at the [[2010 US Open (tennis)|2010 U.S. Open]]. In 2011 he rose frae Warld No. 102 tae No. 37 in a month, efter he reached the fowert roond o the [[2011 Australian Open|Australian Open]] an wan his first ATP teetle at the [[2011 SAP Open]]. Raonic, who prefers tae play on [[Tennis coorts#Haird coorts|haird coorts]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Duhatschek |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/more-sports/raonic-through-to-fourth-round-at-indian-wells-with-victory-over-cilic/article9697985/ |title=Raonic through to fourth round at Indian Wells with victory over Cilic |work=The Globe and Mail |date= |accessdate=2013-03-18}}</ref> plays an aw-coort gemme. Frae late 2010 till Mey 2013, he wis coached bi umwhile Spainyie pro player [[Galo Blanco]] in [[Barcelona]]. Currently he is coached bi [[Ivan Ljubičić]]. Statistically, his serve is ane o the strangest on the tour. In 2012, he served mair aces per match an wan a heicher percentage o service gemmes than ony ither player. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Top ten tennis players|atpsingles=y}} {{Top ten male singles tennis players from the Americas}} {{Top ten Canadian male singles tennis players}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Raonic, Milos}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Canadian colour commentators]] [[Category:Canadian expatriate sportsfowk in Spain]] [[Category:Canadian expatriates in Monaco]] [[Category:Canadian male tennis players]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o Montenegrin strynd]] [[Category:Canadian televeesion sportscasters]] [[Category:Montenegrin emigrants tae Canadae]] [[Category:Yugoslav emigrants tae Canadae]] [[Category:Naituralized ceetizens o Canadae]] [[Category:Olympic tennis players o Canadae]] [[Category:Fowk frae Monte Carlo]] [[Category:Fowk frae Podgorica]] [[Category:Fowk frae Thornhill, Ontario]] [[Category:Racket sportsfowk frae Ontario]] [[Category:Tennis commentators]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] 0pg3o9vbrhnvkhc9k754c6qisaddx9q 0 59434 923725 898510 2026-09-29T14:05:22Z Makenzis 43742 923725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Getafe | current = 2024–25 Getafe CF saison | image = | fullname = Getafe Club de Fútbol S.A.D. | eikname = ''Azulones'' (The Dark Blues), ''El Geta'' | foondit = 1983 | grund = [[Coliseum Alfonso Pérez]],<br>[[Getafe]], Madrid,<br>Spain | capacity = 16,500 | owner = Ángel Torres | | chairman = Ángel Torres | manager = [[José Bordalás]] | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 7th | website = https://www.getafecf.com | pattern_la1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_b1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_ra1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_sh1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_so1 = _getafe2425h | leftarm1 = 0033FF | body1 = 0033FF | rightarm1 = 0033FF | shorts1 = 0033FF | socks1 = 0033FF | pattern_la2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_b2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_ra2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_sh2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_so2 = _getafe2425a | leftarm2 = EF0000 | body2 = EF0000 | rightarm2 = EF0000 | shorts2 = EF0000 | socks2 = EF0000 | pattern_la3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_b3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_ra3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_sh3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_so3 = _getafe2425t | leftarm3 = EEEEEE | body3 = EEEEEE | rightarm3 = EEEEEE | shorts3 = EEEEEE | socks3 = EEEEEE }} '''Getafe Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|xeˈtafe ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol}}), or simply '''Getafe CF''', is a Spaingie [[La Liga]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Getafe]], a ceety in the [[Madrid metropolitan aurie]], foondit in 1946 an refoondit in 1983. In the tap level syne [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], it haulds hame gemmes at the [[Coliseum Alfonso Pérez]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Getafe Cf}} [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Getafe CF| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1983]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Commonty o Madrid]] [[Category:1983 establishments in Spain]] d27lsduv7etqkv7lm0x2tdw8sbstsf8 923771 923725 2026-09-30T00:17:44Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Getafe | current = 2024–25 Getafe CF saison | fullname = Getafe Club de Fútbol S.A.D. | eikname = ''Azulones'' (The Dark Blues), ''El Geta'' | foondit = 1983 | grund = [[Coliseum Alfonso Pérez]],<br>[[Getafe]], Madrid,<br>Spain | capacity = 16,500 | owner = Ángel Torres | | chairman = Ángel Torres | manager = [[José Bordalás]] | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 7th | website = https://www.getafecf.com | pattern_la1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_b1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_ra1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_sh1 = _getafe2425h | pattern_so1 = _getafe2425h | leftarm1 = 0033FF | body1 = 0033FF | rightarm1 = 0033FF | shorts1 = 0033FF | socks1 = 0033FF | pattern_la2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_b2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_ra2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_sh2 = _getafe2425a | pattern_so2 = _getafe2425a | leftarm2 = EF0000 | body2 = EF0000 | rightarm2 = EF0000 | shorts2 = EF0000 | socks2 = EF0000 | pattern_la3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_b3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_ra3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_sh3 = _getafe2425t | pattern_so3 = _getafe2425t | leftarm3 = EEEEEE | body3 = EEEEEE | rightarm3 = EEEEEE | shorts3 = EEEEEE | socks3 = EEEEEE }} '''Getafe Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|xeˈtafe ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol}}), or simply '''Getafe CF''', is a Spaingie [[La Liga]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Getafe]], a ceety in the [[Madrid metropolitan aurie]], foondit in 1946 an refoondit in 1983. In the tap level syne [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], it haulds hame gemmes at the [[Coliseum Alfonso Pérez]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Getafe Cf}} [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Getafe CF| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1983]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Commonty o Madrid]] [[Category:1983 establishments in Spain]] i6rp7br1gym54pi78xirextd668bfly 0 60255 923726 914348 2026-09-29T14:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> | name = Klaipėda | nickname = Uostamiestis (port ceety) | settlement_type = Ceety municipality | image_skyline = | map_caption =Location o Klaipėda | coordinates = {{coord|55|42|N|21|08|E|region:LT_type:city(186000)|display=inline,title}} | | image_map = Klaipeda city in Lithuania.svg | image_flag = Flag of Klaipėda.svg | image_shield = Klaipeda City Arms.svg | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{LTU}} | subdivision_name1= [[Lithuania minor]] | subdivision_type1= [[Regions o Lithuanie|Ethnographic&nbsp;region]] | subdivision_name2= [[Klaipėda Coonty]] | subdivision_type2= [[Coonties o Lithuanie|Coonty]] | subdivision_name3= Klaipėda ceety municipality | subdivision_type3= [[Leet o municipalities o Lithuanie|Municipality]] | subdivision_type6= [[Caipital (poleetical)|Caipital o]] | subdivision_name6= [[Klaipėda Coonty]] <br> Klaipėda ceety municipality | parts_type = [[Elderships o Lithuanie|Elderships]] | p1 = Melnragė an Giruliai | parts_style = para | established_date = 1252 | established_title= First mentioned | established_date2= 1254 | established_title2=Grantit [[Magdeburg richts|ceety richts]] | population_total = 161,300 | population_footnotes= | population_as_of = 2011 | area_total_km2=110 |timezone=[[Eastren European Time|EET]] |utc_offset=+2 |timezone_DST=[[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+3 |website=http://www.klaipeda.lt }} '''Klaipėda''' ({{IPA-lt|ˈkɫɐɪˑpʲeːd̪ɐ|pron|Lt-Klaipeda.oga}}; {{lang-de|Memel}}) is a [[ceety]] in [[Lithuanie]] situatit at the mouth o the [[Danė River]] whaur it flows intae the [[Easter Seas]]. It is the third lairgest ceety in Lithuanie an the caipital o [[Klaipėda Coonty]]. The ceety haes a complex [[recordit history]], pairtially due tae the combined regional importance o the [[Port o Klaipėda]], a uisually ice-free port on the [[Easter Seas]], an the Akmena – Danė River. It haes been controlled by the [[Teutonic Knights]], the [[Duchy o Proushie]], the [[Kinrick o Proushie]], the [[German Empire]], the [[Triple Entente|Entente]] States immediately efter [[Warld War I]], Lithuanie as a result o the 1923 [[Klaipėda Revolt]], an the [[Third Reich]] follaein the [[1939 German ultimatum tae Lithuanie]]. The ceety wis incorporatit into Lithuania durin its tenure as a [[Soviet Socialist Republic]] an haes remained athin Lithuanie follaein its re-establishment as an unthirld state. The population shrank frae 207,100 in 1992 tae 177,823 in 2011, maistly due tae suburbanisation. Popular seaside [[resort]]s foond close tae Klaipėda are [[Nida (toun)|Nida]] tae the sooth on the [[Curonian Spit]], an [[Palanga]] tae the north. ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aw|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Lithuanie}} ===Twin touns – sister ceeties=== Klaipėda is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {|class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Mannheim]], [[Germany]], syne 1915/2002<ref name="Mannheim twinnings">{{cite web|url=https://www.mannheim.de/stadt-gestalten/partnerstaedte-staedtepartnerschaften-partnerstadt|title=Partner und Freundesstädte|accessdate=2013-07-26|work=Stadt Mannheim|language=German|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108234147/https://www.mannheim.de/stadt-gestalten/partnerstaedte-staedtepartnerschaften-partnerstadt|archive-date=2013-11-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Debrecen]], [[Hungary]], syne 1970/1989 *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]], [[Japan]], syne 1989 *{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Karlskrona]], [[Swaden]], syne 1989 *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Lübeck]], [[Germany]], syne 1990 *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], [[Unitit States]], syne 1992<ref name="Cleveland sisters">{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Cleveland,%20Ohio|title=Sister Cities International (SCI)|publisher=Sister-cities.org|date=|accessdate=2013-04-21|archive-date=2015-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613003251/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Cleveland%2C%20Ohio|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Cherepovets]], [[Roushie]], syne 1992 *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdynia]], [[Poland]], syne 1993 *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rügen]], [[Germany]], syne 1993 *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kaliningrad]], [[Roushie]], syne 1993 || *{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Kotka]], [[Finland]], syne 1994 *{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Køge]], [[Denmark]], syne 1995 *{{flagicon|UK}} [[North Tyneside]], [[Unitit Kinrick]], syne 1995 *{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Liepāja]], [[Latvia]], syne 1997 *{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Mogilev]], [[Belaroushie]], syne 1997 *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Szczecin]], [[Poland]], syne 2002<ref name="Szczecin twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/UMSzczecinBIP/chapter_11296.asp|title=Kontakty partnerskie Miasta Szczecin|accessdate=2013-07-29|work=Urząd Miasta Szczecin|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818001351/http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/umszczecinbip/chapter_11296.asp|archivedate=2012-08-18|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Leipzig]], [[Germany]], syne 2002 *{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], [[Ukraine]], syne 2004 *{{flagicon|China}} [[Qingdao]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]], syne 2004 *{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]], [[Venezuela]], syne 2010 |} ==See an aw== *[[Ports o the Easter Seas]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Klaipėda}} *[http://www.klaipeda.lt/klaipeda/selectLanguage.do?language=en Municipal wabsteid]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, klaipeda.lt {{Klaipeda Coonty}} {{Municipalities o Lithuanie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Klaipeda}} [[Category:Proushie]] [[Category:East Proushie]] [[Category:Klaipėda| ]] [[Category:Lithuanie Minor]] [[Category:Caipitals o Lithuanie coonties]] [[Category:Ceeties in Klaipėda Coonty]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Easter Seas]] [[Category:Municipalities o Klaipėda Coonty]] 0zj9drhq6c5n0tvh4crwv1r024ul1le 0 62106 923784 875315 2026-09-30T02:02:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|the ceety Sopot in Poland|ither places wi the same name|Sopot (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Sopot | motto = ''Najmniejsze z wielkich miast'' <br />(Smawest o the big ceeties) | image_skyline = | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = Landmarks o Sopot | image_flag = POL Sopot flag.svg | image_shield = POL Sopot COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Pomeranie Voivodeship|Pomeranie]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|Coonty]] | subdivision_name2 = ''ceety coonty'' | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Jacek Karnowski | established_title = Established | established_date = 8t century | established_title3 = Toun richts | established_date3 = 1901 | area_total_km2 = 17.31 | population_as_of = 31.12.2010 | population_total = 38141 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 1035000 ([[Triceety, Poland|Triceety]]) | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|54|26|N|18|33|E|region:PL|display=inline}} | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 81-701 to 81-878 | area_code = +48 58 | blank_name = [[Pols caur nummer plates|Caur plates]] | blank_info = GSP | website = {{URL|www.sopot.pl}} }} '''Sopot''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Sopot.ogg|'|s|o|p|o|t}} ([[Kashubie leid|Kashubian]]: ''Sopòt''; German: ''Zoppot''{{Audlisten|De-Zoppot.ogg}}) is a seaside toun in [[Pomerelie|Eastren Pomeranie]] on the soothren coast o the [[Easter Seas]] in northren [[Poland]], wi a population o approximately 40,000. Sopot is a ceety wi [[powiat]] (coonty) status, in the [[Pomeranie Voivodeship]]. Till 1999 it wis pairt o the [[Gdańsk Voivodeship]]. It lees atween the lairger ceeties o [[Gdańsk]] (Danzig) tae the sootheast an [[Gdynia]] tae the northwast. The three ceeties thegither mak up the metropolitan agglomeration o the ''Trójmiasto'' ([[Triceety, Poland|Tri-Ceety]]). Sopot is a major heal-spa an tourist resort destination. It haes the langest firthen [[pier]] in Europe, at 515.5 metres, stretchin oot intae the [[Bay o Gdańsk]]. The ceety is famous for its [[Sopot International Song Festival]] an aw, the lairgest sic event in Europe efter the [[Eurovision Song Contest]]. Amang its ither attractions is a foontain o [[bromide]] spring watter, kent as the "inhalation mushroom". ask kacper == Etymologie == The name is thocht tae derive frae a auld [[Slavic leids|Slavic]] wird ''sopot'' meanin "stream"<ref name="www.sopot18.webpark.pl">[http://www.sopot18.webpark.pl/ www.sopot18.webpark.pl]</ref> or "spring".<ref>Maria Malec, ''Słownik etymologiczny nazw geograficznych Polski''</ref> The same ruit occurs in a nummer o ither Slavic toponyms; it is probably [[onomatopeic]], imitatin the soond o runnin watter - [[Breathy voice|murmur]] (''Šepot''). (The day several streams run intae the sea in the aurie o the toun.) The name is first recordit as ''Sopoth'' in 1283 an ''Sopot'' in 1291. The German ''Zoppot'' is a [[Germanisation]] o the oreeginal Slavic name. In the 19t century an in the interwar years the German name wis [[Polonisation|Polonisit]] as ''Sopoty'' (a plural form, closer tae the German pronunciation).<ref name="www.sopot18.webpark.pl"/> "Sopot" wis made the offeecial Pols name when the toun came again unner Pols rule in 1945. == History == ===Early history === The aurie o the day's Sopot contains the steid o a 7t-century Slavonic (Pomeranie) stranghauld. Initially it wis a commercial tred ootpost for commerce extendin baith up the [[Vistula]] river an tae ceeties north athort the [[Easter Seas]]. Wi time the significance o the stranghauld diminished an bi the 10t century it wis reducit tae a fishin veelage, eventually abandoned. Housomeivver, a century later the aurie wis settled again an twa veelages wur foondit athin the borders o the day's' ceety: Stawowie an Gręzowo. Thay wur first mentioned in 1186 as bein grantit tae the [[Cistercian]] abbey in [[Oliwa]]. Anither o the veelages that constitute the day's Sopot, Świemirowo, wis first mentioned in 1212 in a document bi [[Mestwin I]], who grantit it tae the [[Premonstratensian]] (Norbertine) monastery in nearbi Żukowo. The veelage o Sopot, which later became the namesak for the whole ceety, wis first mentioned in 1283 when it wis grantit tae the Cistercians. Bi 1316 the abbey haed bocht aw veelages in the aurie an became the awners o aw the aurie o the ceety. Efter the [[Seicont Peace o Thorn (1466)]] the aurie wis reincorporatit intae the [[Kinrick o Poland (1385–1569)|Kinrick o Poland]]. The spa for the ceetizens o [[Gdańsk]] haes been active syne the 16t century. Till the end o that century maist noble an [[magnate]] faimilies frae Gdańsk biggit thair [[manor hoose]]es in Sopot. Durin the negotiations o the [[Treaty o Oliva]] Keeng [[John II Casimir]] livit in ane o thaim, while [[Swadish Empire|Swadish]] negotiator [[Magnus de la Gardie]] residit in anither&nbsp;— it haes been kent as the ''Swedish Manor'' iver syne. Durin the 1733 [[War o the Pols Succession]] [[Roushie Empire|Imperial Roushie]] troops [[siege|besiegit]] the nearby ceety o Gdańsk an a year later luitit an burned the veelage o Sopot tae the grund. Hintle Sopot wad remain abandoned durin an efter the conflict. [[File:Sopot Pomnik AK k.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Monument tae the [[Armia Krajowa]]]] [[File:Danuta Siedzikówna Memorial Sopot.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Memorial Stane for [[Danuta Siedzikówna]] in Sopot]] In 1757 an 1758 maist o the ruined manors wur bocht bi the [[Pomeranie]] [[magnate]] faimily o Przebendowski. General [[Józef Przebendowski]] bocht nine o thir pailaces an in 1786 his widae, Bernardyna Przebendowska (née [[von Kleist]]), bocht the remainin twa. === Kinrick o Proushie === Sopot wis annexed bi the [[Kinrick o Proushie]] in 1772 in the [[First Pairtition o Poland]]. Follaein the new laws imponit bi Keeng [[Frederick the Great]], kirk property wis confiscatit bi the state. The veelage wis reconstructit an in 1806 the aurie wis sauld tae the Gdańsk merchant Carl Christoph Wegner. In 1819 Wegner opened the first public bath in Sopot an treed tae promote the newly established spa amang the indwallers o [[Gdańsk|Danzig]], but the unnertakkin wis a financial failure. Housomeivver, in 1823 Dr. [[Jean Georg Haffner]], a umwhile medic o the [[Fraunce|French]] airmy, financit a new bath complex that gained significant popularity. In the follaein years Haffner erectit mair facilities. Bi 1824 a [[sanatorium]] wis opened tae the public, as well as a 63-metre [[pier]], cloakrooms, an a pairk. Haffner dee'd in 1830, but his enterprise wis continued bi his stepson, Ernst Adolf Böttcher. The latter continued tae develop the aurie an in 1842 opened a new [[theatre]] an sanatorium. Bi then the nummer o tourists comin tae Sopot ivery year haed risen tae amaist 1,200. In 1870 Sopot saw the openin o its first rail line: the new Danzig-[[Kołobrzeg|Kolberg]] [[rail road]] that wis later extendit tae [[Berlin]]. Guid rail connections addit tae the popularity o the aurie an bi 1900 the nummer o tourists haed reached amaist 12,500 a year. In 1873 the veelage o Sopot became a admeenistrative centre o the [[States o Germany#Further subdiveesions|Gemeinde]]. Suin ither veelages wur incorporatit intae it an in 1874 the nummer o indwallers o the veelage rose tae ower 2,800. [[File:Krzywy Domek w Sopocie.jpg|thumb|left|[[Krzywy Domek|The "Creukit Hoose"]]]] At the beginnin o the 20t century it wis a favourite spa o Emperor [[Wilhelm II]]. The ceety again became a holiday resort for the indwallers o nearbi Danzig, as well as walthy aristocrats frae Berlin, [[Warsaw]], an [[Königsberg]]. Suin efter [[Warld War I]] a casino wis opened in the Grand Hotel as the primar soorce o money for the treasury o the [[Free Ceety o Danzig]]. In 1877 the sel-govrenment o the Gemeinde bocht the veelage frae the stryndants o Dr. Haffner an stairtit its further development. A seicont sanatorium wis constructit in 1881 an the pier wis extendit tae 85 metres. In 1885 the gas wirks wur biggit. Twa years later [[tennis court]]s wur biggit an the follaein year a horse-racin track wis opened tae the public. Thare wur several facilities biggit for the permanent indwallers o Sopot an aw, no anerly for the tourists. Amang those wur twa new kirks: [[Protestantism|Protestant]] (17 September 1901) an [[Roman Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] (21 Dizember 1901). On 8 October 1901, Wilhelm II grantit Sopot [[ceety richts]], spurrin further rapid growthe. In 1904 a new [[balneology|balneological]] sanatorium wis opened, follaeed in 1903 bi a [[Lichthoose in Sopot|lichthoose]]. In 1907 new baths sooth o the auld anes wur biggit in [[Vikings|Viking]] style. In 1909 a new theatre wis opened in the nearbi forest athin the ceety leemits, in the place whaur the day the [[Sopot Festival]] is held ivery year. Bi 1912 a third complex o baths, sanatoria, hotels, an restaurants wis opened, attractin even mair tourists. Shortly afore Warld War I the ceety haed 17,400 permanent indwallers an ower 20,000 tourists ivery year. === The Treaty o Versailles === [[File:pl sop molo 2004.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Pier in Sopot]]. The langest firthen pier in Europe, 450 metres frae the edge o the shore, 650 m tot]] Follaein the signin o the [[Treaty o Versailles]] in 1919, Sopot became a pairt o the [[Free Ceety o Danzig]]. Due tae the proximity o the [[Seicont Pols Republic|Pols]] an [[Germany|German]] borders, the economy o the toun suin recovered. The new [[casino]] became ane o the main soorces o income o the tiny free-ceety state. In 1927 the ceety authorities rebuilt the Kasino-Hotel, ane o the maist notable laundmerks in Sopot the day. Efter [[Warld War II]] it wis renamit as the [[Grand Hotel (Sopot)|Grand Hotel]] an continues tae be ane o the maist luxurious hotels in [[Poland]]. A [[Richard Wagner]] festival wis held in the nearbi [[Opera Lesna|Forest Opera]] in 1922. The festival's success caused Sopot tae be whiles referred tae as the "[[Bayreuth Festival|Bayreuth]] o the North". In 1928 the [[pier]] wis extendit tae its present lenth o 512 metres. Syne then it haes remained the langest firthen pier in Europe an ane o the langest in the warld. In the early 1930s the ceety reached its peak o its popularity amang foreign tourists&nbsp;— mair nor 30,000 annually (this nummer daes nae include tourists frae Danzig/Gdansk itself). Housomeivver, bi the 1930s, tensions on the nearbi Pols-German mairch an the risin popularity o [[Nazism]] in [[Germany]] saw a decline in foreign tourism; in 1938 local German Nazis burned doun Sopot's [[synagogue]]. === Warld War II (1939-1945)=== [[Warld War II]] breuk oot on 1 September 1939. The follaein day the Free Ceety o Danzig wis annexed bi [[Nazi Germany]] and maist o the local [[Poles]], [[Kashubies]], an [[Jew]]s war arrestit<ref>{{cite web |author=amk |url=http://www.rp.pl/artykul/15,411004_O_sopockiej_Polonii_po_latach.html |title=O sopockiej Polonii po latach |publisher=rp.pl |date=2009-12-25 |accessdate=2013-03-12 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316215716/http://www.rp.pl/artykul/15,411004_O_sopockiej_Polonii_po_latach.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and imprisoned or expelled. Due tae the war, the ceety's tourist industry collapsed. The last Wagner Festival wis held in 1942. Sopot remained unner German rule till 1945. On 23 Mairch 1945 the [[Soviet Airmy]] teuk ower the ceety efter several days o fechtin, in which Sopot lost approximately 10% o its biggins.<ref>[http://www.sopot.pl/eGmina/en/cityzone/O_Sopocie/Historia_miasta/ The History of Sopot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106024249/http://www.sopot.pl/eGmina/en/cityzone/O_Sopocie/Historia_miasta |date=2010-01-06 }}</ref> As per the [[Potsdam Conference]], Sopot wis incorporatit intae the post-war Pols state. The authorities o Gdańsk Voivodeship wur locatit in Sopot till the end o 1946. Maist o the German indwallers who haed remained in the ceety efter the evacuation afore the advancin Reid Airmy wur suikn tae be [[Expulsion o Germans efter Warld War II|forcibly expelled frae thair hames]], tae mak room for eastren settlers frae [[Pols auries annexed bi the Soviet Union]]. === Fowkrepublic o Poland (1946-1989)=== [[File:PL GSP St George church.jpg|thumb|left|St. George's Kirk]] Sopot recovered rapidly efter the war. A [[tram]]way line tae Gdańsk wis opened, as well as the Schuil o Muisic, the Schuil o Maritime Tred, a librar, an a airt gallery. Durin the ceety presidency o [[Jan Kapusta]] the toun opened a annual Airts Festival in 1948. In 1952 the tramways wur replacit bi a hivy-rail commuter line connectin Gdańsk, Sopot an [[Gdynia]]. Awtho in 1954 the Schuil o Airts wis muivit tae Gdańsk, Sopot remained an important centre o cultur, an in 1956 the first Pols [[jazz]] festival wis held thare (till then jazz haed been banned bi the [[Communist]] authorities). This wis the forerunner o the continuin annual [[Jazz Jamboree]] in Warsaw. In 1961 the [[Sopot International Song Festival]] wis inauguratit, awtho it wis held in Gdańsk for its first three years – it muivit tae its permanent venue at Sopot's [[Forest Opera]] in 1964. In 1963 the main street o Sopot (''Bohaterów Monte Cassino'', "the Heroes o [[Battle o Monte Cassino|Monte Cassino]]") wis turned intae a pedestrian-anerly [[promenade]]. New complexes o baths, sanatoria, an hotels wur opened in 1972 an 1975. Bi 1977 Sopot haed approximately 54,500 indwallers, the heichest iver in its history. In 1979 the historical toun centre wis declared a naitional heritage centre bi the govrenment o Poland. === Third Pols Republic (1989 onwards) === In 1995 the soothren bath an sanatoria complex wur extendit significantly an the [[Adalbert o Prague|Saunt Adalbert]] spring opened twa years later, as a result in 1999 Sopot regained its offeecial [[spa toun]] status. In 2001 Sopot celebratit the 100t anniversar o its ceety chairter. Sopot is currently unnergoin a period o intense development, includin the biggin o a nummer o five starn hotels an spa resorts on the watterfront. The main pedestrianisit street, Monte Cassino, haes been extendit bi divertin traffec unnerneath it an aw, meanin the whole street is nou pedestrianisit. Sopot, aside frae Warsaw boasts the heichest property prices in Poland. [[File:Hotel Rezydent in Sopot, Poland - view from North-West.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Ceety centre]] [[File:Fontanna sopot.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Foontain on the main square (afore the ceety centre redevelopment)]] [[File:Sopot (DerHexer) 2010-07-16 021.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sheraton Sopot Hotel, ane o the maist famous tourist hotels in the ceety.]] [[File:Państwowa Galeria Sztuki w Sopocie.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Państwowa Galeria Sztuki w Sopocie]] ==Notable fowk== {{further2|[[:Category:Fowk frae Sopot]]}} == Mayors == *1902–1905 dr Volkmar von Wurmb *1905–1908 dr Johannes Kollath *1908 Baron von Gagern *1908–1919 Max Woldmann *1919–1930 dr Erich Laue *1930–1934 dr Hermann Lewerenz *1934–1936 dr Wilhelm Fließbach *1936–1941 Erich Temp *1942 Gerchard Koß *1942 Schröder *1942–1945 ? *1945 Henryk Michniewicz *1945 Tadeusz Soboń *1946 Antoni Turek *1946–1948 Leonard Wierzbicki *1948 Srebrnik *1948 Bolesław Śliwiński *1948–1949 Jan Kapusta *1949–1950 Piotr Novak *1950–1952 Alfred Müller *1952–1954 Hieronim Kozieł *1954–1958 Roman Kosznik *1958–1965 Stanisław Podraszko *1965–1969 Zenon Bancer *1969–1978 Bolesław Robakowski *1978–1981 Lech Świątkowski *1981–1984 Cezary Dąbrowski *1984–1990 Andrzej Plona *1990–1992 Henryk Ledóchowski *1992–1998 Jan Kozłowski *1998–present Jacek Karnowski == Transport == The ceety is covered bi baith the [[Gdynia]] an [[Gdańsk]] municipal bus lines, the regional [[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Triceety)|commuter rail line]] (wi three stops in the ceety: [[Sopot Wyścigi (SKM stop)|Sopot Wyścigi]], [[Sopot (SKM stop)|Sopot]], an [[Sopot Kamienny Potok (SKM stop)|Sopot Kamienny Potok]]), an the Pols naitional railwey, PKP. Sopot is ane o fower Pols touns tae hae [[trolleybus]]es. The ithers are [[Lublin]], [[Tychy]] an [[Gdynia]]. - [http://www.ztm.lublin.eu/?sid=34&lng=en] == Sports == ::''See an aw: [[Sports in Triceety]]'' Thare are mony popular profeesional sports teams in Sopot an the tri-ceety aurie. The maist popular in Sopot the day is probably basketbaw thanks tae the awaird-winnin [[Asseco Gdynia]]. Amateur sports are played bi thoosans o Sopot ceetizens, as well as in schuils o aw levels (elementar, seicontar, an varsity). Sopot will host the [[IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics|IAAF World Indoor Championships]] in [[2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2014]]. * [[Asseco Gdynia]] - men's basketbaa team, Pols Champion 2004, 1st place in [[Era Basket Liga]], will play in basketbaw Euroleague * Idea Prokom Open - [[Association o Tennis Professionals|ATP]] an [[Weemen's Tennis Association|WTA]] tennis tournament held in August. * Ogniwo Sopot - [MKS Ogniwo Sopot] is a rugby club, foondit in 1965. Syne the 80's, Ogniwo is ane o the best Pols rugby teams. Thay wur undefeatit syne 1989 tae 1993, wi Edward Hodura as a coach. * Klub Piłkarski Sopot ([[KP Sopot]]) – fitbaa club foondit in 1987. In 2007/08 saison it wan the Regional [[Pols Cup]].[http://www.kpsopot.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118050020/https://kpsopot.com/ |date=2021-01-18 }} * [[PDP Karlikowo Sopot]] - Men's fitbaa club == Economy == === Major corporations === * [[STU Ergo Hestia SA]] * [[BEST SA]] == Heicher education == * [http://ekonom.ug.gda.pl/index_e.html Depairtment o Economy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906000818/http://ekonom.ug.gda.pl/index_e.html |date=2006-09-06 }}, [http://eng.wzr.pl/ Department o Management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110211517/http://eng.wzr.pl/ |date=2013-11-10 }} * [http://www.skok.pl/wsfia/ College o Finances an Admeenistration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819130356/http://www.skok.pl/wsfia/ |date=2006-08-19 }} * [http://www.ssw.sopot.pl/ Sopot College] * [http://www.wswfit.edu.pl/ College o Pheesical Eddication an Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821021627/http://www.wswfit.edu.pl/ |date=2013-08-21 }} * [http://www.univ.gda.pl/ Uniwersytet Gdanski] ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aw|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Poland}} ===Twin touns - Sister ceeties=== Sopot is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] wi: {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Frankenthal]], [[Germany]] *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Ratzeburg]], Germany *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Petergof|Peterhof]], [[Roushie]] *{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Karlshamn]], [[Swaden]] || *{{flagicon|UK}} [[Southend-on-Sea]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] *{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Næstved]], [[Denmark]] *{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ashkelon]], [[Israel]] *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Zakopane]], [[Poland]] |} == See an aw == * [[Triceety, Poland|Triceety]] * [[Gdańsk]] * [[Gdynia]] * [[Sports in Tricity]] * [[Sopot (station)]] * [[Grand Hotel (Sopot)]] ==References== ===Notes=== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category|Sopot, Poland}} *{{en icon}} [http://www.sopot.pl/eGmina/en Municipal wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227045012/http://www.sopot.pl/eGmina/en/ |date=2010-02-27 }} *{{en icon}} [http://www.gdansk.pl/ Gdańsk wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222212201/http://www.gdansk.pl/ |date=2011-02-22 }} *{{en icon}} [http://www.gdynia.pl/ Gdynia wabsteid] *{{en icon}} [http://www.danzig-online.pl/ Danzig-Online] *{{pl icon}} [http://esopot.info/ Sopot] * [http://www.sopot.net/historyofsopot.htm History o Sopot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907235653/http://www.sopot.net/historyofsopot.htm |date=2008-09-07 }} * [http://galeria.esopot.info Sopot Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030104741/http://galeria.esopot.info/ |date=2020-10-30 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090309001257/http://spanie.pl/12-atrakcje-turystyczne-Sopot-Fontanna_Grzybek-1012.html The inhalation mushroom] * [http://www.reise-photografie.de/sopot Images frae Sopot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722051334/http://www.reise-photografie.de/sopot/ |date=2012-07-22 }} {{Pomeranie Voivodeship}} {{Pols coast}} [[Category:Sopot| ]] [[Category:Ceety coonties o Poland]] [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Pomeranie Voivodeship]] [[Category:Spa touns in Poland]] a1al4m696fk340i9kataqvlyecbl7ds 0 65830 923757 923498 2026-09-29T21:01:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses}} {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Perugia | official_name = Comune di Perugia | native_name = | image_skyline = Perugia panoramic.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = [[Piazza IV Novembre]] | image_shield =Logocomuneperugia.png | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|43|6|44|N|12|23|20|E|region:IT_type:city(162275)|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = {{RegioneIT|sigla=UMB}} | province = {{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=PG}} (PG) | frazioni = See [[#Frazioni|list]] | mayor_party = [[Democratic Pairty (Italy)|PD]] | mayor = Wladimiro Boccali | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 449.92 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 168066 | population_as_of = 30 September 2010 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Perugini | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 493 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = [[Constantius o Perugia|St.&nbsp;Constantius]], [[Herculanus o Perugia|St.&nbsp;Herculanus]], [[Lawrence o Roum|St.&nbsp;Lawrence]] | day = 29 January | postal_code = 06100 | area_code = 075 | website = {{official website|http://www.comune.perugia.it/}} | footnotes = }} '''Perugia''' ({{IPA-it|peˈruːdʒa|-|It-Perugia.ogg}}; ({{lang-lat|Perusia}}) is the caipital ceety o the region o [[Umbrie]] in central [[Italy]], crossed bi the river [[Tiber]]. The ceety is the caipital o the [[province o Perugia]]. Perugia is locatit aboot {{convert|164|km|mi|abbr=off}} north o Roum, an {{convert|148|km|mi|abbr=in}} sooth-east o Florence. It covers a heich hilltop an pairt o the [[valley]]s aroond the aurie. The region o [[Umbrie]] is bordered bi [[Tuscany]], [[Lazio]] an [[Marche]]. The history o Perugia goes back tae the Etruscan period. Perugia wis ane o the main [[Etruscan ceeties]]. The ceety is kent as the [[varsities]] toun an aw, wi the [[Varsity o Perugia]] foondit in 1308 (aboot 34,000 students), the [[Varsity for Foreigners Perugia|Varsity for Foreigners]] (5,000 students), an some smawer colleges sic the Academy o Feene Airts "Pietro Vannucci" ({{lang-it|Accademia di Belle Arti "Pietro Vannucci"}}) public athenaeum foondit on 1573, the Perugia Varsity Institute o Linguistic Mediation for translators an interpreters, the Muisic Conservatory o Perugia, foondit on 1788, an ithers Institutes. Thare are annual festivals an events: the Eurochocolate Festival (October), the [[Umbria Jazz Festival]] (Julie), an the International Jurnalism Festival (in Apryle). Perugia is a well-kent cultural an airtistic centre o Italy. The famous penter Pietro Vannucci, elknamit [[Perugino]], wis a native o [[Città della Pieve]] near Perugia. He decoratit the local ''Sala del Cambio'' wi a bonnie series o [[fresco]]es; aicht o his picturs can be admired in the Naitional Gallery o Umbrie an aw.<ref>cf. ''Perugia'', Raffaele Rossi, Pietro Scarpellini, 1993 (Vol. 1, pg. 337, 344)</ref> Perugino wis the teacher o [[Raphael]],<ref>"...it appears most probable that he did not enter Perugino's studio till the end of 1499, as during the four or five years before that Perugino was mostly absent from his native city. The so-called Sketch Book of Raphael in the academy of Venice contains studies apparently from the cartoons of some of Perugino's Sistine frescoes, possibly done as practice in drawing." (Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition).<br/> See also "Perugia". ''The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press., 2003</ref> the great [[Renaissance]] airtist who producit five pentins in Perugia (the day nae langer in the ceety)<ref>The precise role of Raphael in Perugino's works, executed during his apprenticeship, is disputed by scholars. The independent works depicted in Perugia are: the ''Ansidei Madonna ''(taken by the French under the terms of the Treaty of Tolentino in 1798), the Deposition by Raphael (''Pala Baglioni'', this masterpiece was expropriated by Scipione Borghese in 1608, cf. [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1330380,00.html 'The Guardian'', October 19, 2004]), the Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints, by [[Raphael]] (formerly located in the convent of St Anthony of Padua cf.[http://arthistory.about.com/od/special_exhibitions/l/bl_raphael_colonna_rev.htm The Colonna Altarpiece review at Art History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219111241/http://arthistory.about.com/od/special_exhibitions/l/bl_raphael_colonna_rev.htm |date=2007-12-19 }}), the ''Connestabile Madonna'' (this picture left Perugia in 1871, when Count Connestabile sold it to the emperor of [[Roushie]] for £13,200, cf. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''), the Oddi altar by Raphael (requisitioned by the French in 1798)</ref> an ane fresco.<ref name = "severo"/> Anither famous penter, [[Pinturicchio]], livit in Perugia. [[Galeazzo Alessi]] is the maist famous airchitect frae Perugia. The ceety seembol is the [[griffin]], which can be seen in the form o [[Commemorative plaque|plaque]]s an [[statue]]s on biggins aroond the ceety. == History == Perugia wis a [[Umbri]]e dounset<ref name="Britannica">Perugia (2007). In ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved May 21, 2007, from [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9059376 Encyclopædia Britannica Online]</ref> but first appears in written history as ''[[Perusia]]'', ane o the 12 [[Etruscan ceevilization#Etruscan League|confederate]] ceeties o [[Etrurie]];<ref name="Britannica"/> it wis first mentioned in [[Quintus Fabius Pictor|Q. Fabius Pictor's]] accoont, utilisit bi [[Livy]], o the expedeetion carriet oot against the [[Etruscan ceevilization#Etruscan League|Etruscan League]] bi [[Fabius Maximus Rullianus]]<ref>"How much of his glory is due to his kinsman, Fabius Pictor, the first historian of Rome, or to the family legends, which found in Etruria the most fitting scene for the exploits of the [[Fabius|great Fabian house]], we cannot tell" (Walter W. How and Henry Devenish Leigh, ''A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar'' London: Longmans, Green 1898:112).</ref> in 310 or 309 BC. At that time a thirty-year ''[[Truce|indutiae]]'' (truce) wis greit upon;<ref>Livy ix.37.12).</ref> housomeivver, in 295 Perusia teuk pairt in the [[Samnite Wars|Third Samnite War]] an wis reducit, wi Volsinii an Arretium ([[Arezzo]]), tae seek for peace in the follaein year.<ref>Livy ix.30.1-2, 31.1-3; ''indutiae'' with [[Volsinii]], Perusia and Arretium, ix.37.4-5.</ref> In 216 an 205 BC it assistit Roum in the [[Seicont Punic War]] but efterwairds it is nae mentioned till 41-40 BC, when [[Lucius Antonius (brither o Mark Antony)|Lucius Antonius]] teuk refuge thare, an wis reducit bi [[Augustus|Octavian]] efter a lang siege, an its senators sent tae thair daith. A nummer o lead bullets uised bi slingers hae been foond in an aroond the ceety.<ref>cf. ''Corpus Inscr. Lat.'' xi. 1212</ref> The ceety wis burnt, we are tauld, wi the exception o the temples o [[Vulcan (meethologie)|Vulcan]] an [[Juno (meethologie)|Juno]]— the massive Etruscan terrace-waws,<ref>[http://www.perugiaonline.com/perugia_arcoetrusco.html Etruscan town walls].</ref> naturally, can hardly hae suffered at aw— an the toun, wi the territory for a mile roond, wis alloued tae be occupeed bi whoiver chose. It must hae been rebuilt amaist at ance, for several bases for statues exist, inscribit ''Augusto sacr(um) Perusia restituta''; but it did no acome a ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]'', till 251-253 AD, when it wis resettled as ''Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia'', unner the emperor [[Trebonianus Gallus|C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus]].<ref>Latin inscriptions at two of the preserved Etruscan gates.</ref> It is hardly mentioned except bi the geografers till it wis the anerly ceety in Umbrie tae resist [[Totila]], who captured it an laid the ceety waste in 547, efter a lang siege, apparently efter the ceety's Byzantine garrison evacuatit. Negotiations wi the besiegin forces fell tae the ceety's bishop, [[Herculanus o Perugia|Herculanus]], as representative o the tounsfowk.<ref>Patrick Amory, ''People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554'' pp185-86, referring to Perugia in passing, notes the increasingly localized role assumed since the mid-5th century by the bishops.</ref> Totila is said tae hae ordered the bishop tae be [[flayed]] an beheidit. St. Herculanus (Sant'Ercolano) later became the ceety's [[patron saunt]].<ref>Procopius, ''Bellum Gothicum'', 3 (7).2.35.2, characteristically does not mention the incident, reported in [[Gregory the Great]], [http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#C13 ''Dialogues'', 13] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917040820/http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/gregory_03_dialogues_book3.htm#C13 |date=2009-09-17 }}, who imagines a seven-year siege (i.e. since 540, before the accession of [[Totila|Baduila]]) and dramatically reports Herculanus' grotesque murder.</ref> In the [[Lombards|Lombard]] period Perugia is spoken o as ane o the principal ceeties o [[Tuscie]].<ref>[[Procopius of Caesarea]], ''Gothic Wars'' I,16 and III,35.</ref> In the 9t century, wi the consent o [[Charlemagne]] an [[Louis the Pious]], it passed unner the papes; but bi the 11t century its [[Medieval commune|commune]] wis assertin itsel, an for mony centuries the ceety continued tae mainteen a unthirlt life, warrin against mony o the neebourin land an ceeties— [[Foligno]], [[Assisi]], [[Spoleto]], [[Todi]], [[Siena]], [[Arezzo]] etc. In 1186 [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]], ''rex romanorum'' an futur emperor, grantit diplomatic recognition tae the [[consul]]ar govrenment o the ceety; efterwaird [[Pape Innocent III]], whose major aim wis tae gie state dignity tae the dominions hain been constitutin the [[Patrimonium Sancti Petri|patrimony o St. Peter]], acknawledgit the validity o the imperial statement an recognisit the established ceevic practices as haein the force o law.<ref name="commune">cf. ''Perugia'', Raffaele Rossi, Attilio Bartoli Angeli, Roberta Sottani 1993 (Vol. 1, pp. 120-140)</ref> [[File:Perugia-acquedotto01.jpg|thumb|left|Medieval [[aqueduct (brig)|aqueduct]]]] On various occasions the papes foond asylum frae the tumults o Roum athin its waws, an it wis the meetin-place o five [[Papal conclave|conclaves]] ([[Perugia Papacy]]), includin those that electit [[Pape Honorius III|Honorius III]] (1216), [[Pape Clement IV|Clement IV]] (1285), [[Pape Celestine V|Celestine V]] (1294), an [[Pape Clement V|Clement V]] (1305); the papal presence wis characterisit bi a pacificatory rule atween the internal rivalries.<ref name="commune"/> But Perugia haed nae mind simply tae subserve the papal interests an niver acceptit papal sovereignty: the ceety uised tae exercise a jurisdiction ower the members o the clergy, mairower in 1282 Perugia wis excommunicatit due tae a new militar affensive against the Ghibellines regairdless o a papal prohibition. In the ither haund side bi side wi the 13t century bronze griffin o Perugia abuin the door o the [[Palazzo dei Priori]] staunds, as a Guelphic emblem, the [[lion (heraldry)|lion]], an Perugia remained lyal for the maist pairt tae the Guelph pairty in the struggles o [[Guelphs an Ghibellines]]. Housomeivver this dominant tendency wis rather a anti-Germanic an Italian poleetical strategy.<ref name="commune"/> The [[Capetian Hoose o Anjou|Angevin]] presence in Italy appeared tae affer a coonterpoise tae papal pouers: in 1319 Perugia declared the Angevin Saunt [[Louis o Toulouse]] "Protector o the ceety's sovereignty an o the Palazzo o its Priors"<ref>"Avvocato della Signoria cittadina e del Palazzo dei suoi Priori"</ref> an set his figur amang the ither patron saunts abuin the rich doorwey o the Palazzo dei Priori. Midwey throu the 14t century [[Bartholus o Sassoferrato]], who wis a renouned jurist, assertit that Perugia wis dependent upon neither imperial nor papal support.<ref name="commune"/> In 1347, at the time o [[Cola di Rienzi|Rienzi's]] unfortunate enterprise in revivin the Roman republic, Perugia sent ten ambassadors tae pey him honour; an, when papal legates socht tae coerce it bi foreign sodgers, or tae exact contreibutions, thay met wi vigorous resistance, which broke intae open warfare wi [[Pape Urban V]] in 1369; in 1370 the noble pairty reached a greement signin the treaty o [[Bologna]] an Perugia wis forcit tae accept a papal legate; housomeivver the vicar-general o the Papal States, [[Gérard du Puy]], Abbot o Marmoutier an nephew o [[Pape Gregory IX|Gregory IX]],<ref>Made a cardinal bi his uncle, 20 Dizember 1375 ([http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiv.htm Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: 14th century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213221529/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiv.htm |date=2018-02-13 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiv.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213221529/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiv.htm |archive-date=2018-02-13 |url-status=dead}})</ref> wis expelled bi a popular uprisin in 1375, an his fortification o Porta Sole wis razit tae the grund.<ref name = "touring"/> Ceevic peace wis constantly disturbit in the 14t century bi struggles atween the pairty representin the fowk (''Raspanti'') an the nobles (''Beccherini''). Efter the assassination in 1398 of [[Biordo Michelotti]], who haed made hissel laird o Perugia, the ceety became a pawn in the [[Italian Wars]], passin tae [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]] (1400), tae [[Pape Boniface IX]] (1403), an tae [[Ladislaus o Naples]] (1408–14) afore it settled intae a period o soond govrenance unner the ''[[Signoria]]'' o the [[condottiero]] [[Braccio da Montone]] (1416–24), who reached a concordance wi the Papacy. Follaein mutual atrocities o the Oddi an the Baglioni faimilies, pouer wis at last concentratit in the Baglioni, who, tho thay haed nae legal poseetion, defeed aw ither authority, tho thair bloody internal squabbles culminatit in a massacre, 14 Julie 1500.<ref name = "touring"/> [[Gian Paolo Baglioni]] wis lured tae Roum in 1520 an beheidit at the orders o [[Pape Leo X|Leo X]]; an in 1540 Rodolfo, who haed slain a papal legate, wis defeatit bi [[Pier Luigi Farnese]], an the ceety, captured an plundered bi his sodgery, wis deprivit o its preevileges. A citadel kent as the {{Ill|it|Rocca Paolina}}, efter the name o [[Pape Paul III]], wis biggit, tae designs o [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] "''ad coercendam Perusinorum audaciam''."<ref>"in order to bring to heel the audacious Perugini".</ref> [[File:Rocca Paolina.jpg|thumb|upright|left|In the {{Ill|it|Rocca Paolina}}]] In 1797, the ceety wis conquered bi French troops. On 4 Februar 1798, the ''Tiberina Republic'' wis formit, wi Perugia as caipital, an the French [[Banner o Fraunce|tricolour]] as banner. In 1799, the Tiberina Republic mergit tae the [[Roman Republic (18t century)|Roman Republic]]. In 1832, 1838 an 1854, Perugia wis hit bi yirdquauks. Follaein the collapse o the [[Roman Republic (19t century)|Roman republic o 1848-49]], when the Rocca wis in pairt demolished,<ref name="touring">cf. Touring Club Italiano, ''Guida d'Italia: Umbria'' (1966)</ref> it wis seizit in Mey 1849 bi the [[Austrians]]. In Juin 1859 the indwallers rebelled against the temporal authority o the Pape an established a proveesional govrenment, but the insurrection wis quashed bloodily bi [[Pape Pius IX|Pius IX's]] troops.<ref>cf. [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723674962.html?dids=723674962:723674962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+18%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Papal+Government+and+Its+Subjects.&pqatl=google Chicago Tribune, Jul 18, 1859] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061759/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723674962.html?dids=723674962:723674962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+18%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Papal+Government+and+Its+Subjects.&pqatl=google |date=2012-11-08 }} and [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723677712.html?dids=723677712:723677712&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+21%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Outrge+on+American+at+Perugia---Illness+of+Mrs.+...&pqatl=google The outrage of the American witnesses in Perugia, Chicago Tribune, Jul 21, 1859] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061750/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723677712.html?dids=723677712:723677712&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+21%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Outrge+on+American+at+Perugia---Illness+of+Mrs.+...&pqatl=google |date=2012-11-08 }}</ref> In September 1860 the ceety wis unitit feenally, alang wi the rest o [[Umbrie]], as pairt o the [[Kinrick o Italy (1861–1946)|Kinrick o Italy]]. == Economy == [[File:Palazzo-Priori-Perugia.jpg|thumb|[[Palazzo dei Priori]]: the centre o communal govrenment]] Perugia haes acome famous for [[chocolate]], maistly acause o a single firm, [[Perugina]], whose Baci (kisses) are widely exportit.<ref>Nestlè-Perugina produced in 2005 about 1.5 million Baci a day. Each October, Perugia has an annual chocolate festival called [[EuroChocolate]]. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/27/AR2005052700560.html In Italy, right in the kisser, The Washington Post, May 29, 2005]</ref> Perugian chocolate is vera popular in Italy. The company's plant locatit in San Sisto (Perugia) is the lairgest o Nestlé's nine steids in Italy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2003/04/inbrief/it0304104n.html |title=European Industrial Relations Observatory, April 9, 2003 |publisher=Eurofound.europa.eu |date= |accessdate=2013-06-08 |archive-date=2013-10-10 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131010102309/http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2003/04/inbrief/it0304104n.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ceety hosts a chocolate festival ivery October.<ref>{{cite web |author=By Lehndorff, John; 471 words |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-68871343.html |title=Thousands converge on historic city to celebrate everything chocolate Associated Press, October 21, 2002 |publisher=Highbeam.com |date= |accessdate=2013-06-08 |archive-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102174308/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-68871343.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The suburbs host a lairge nummer o [[Smaw an middlin enterprises|SME]]s. == Geografie == Ceeties' distances frae Perugia: Assisi {{convert|19|km|mi|abbr=off}}, Siena {{convert|102|km|0|abbr=in}}, Florence {{convert|145|km|0|abbr=in}}, Roum {{convert|164|km|mi|abbr=in}}. === Climate === Even tho Perugia is locatit in the central pairt o Italy, the ceety experiences a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate clessification]] ''Cfa'') seemilar tae hintle o Northren Italy. Climate in this aurie haes mild differences atween heichs an laws, an thare is adequate rainfall year roond.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=8161&cityname=Perugia%2C+Umbria%2C+Italy&units= |title=Climate Summary for Perugia |access-date=2014-01-10 |archive-date=2014-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805085001/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=8161&cityname=Perugia%2C+Umbria%2C+Italy&units= |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Weather box |location = Perugia |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high F = 47.5 |Feb high F = 51.3 |Mar high F = 56.7 |Apr high F = 62.4 |May high F = 71.6 |Jun high F = 78.6 |Jul high F = 85.6 |Aug high F = 84.6 |Sep high F = 78.1 |Oct high F = 67.8 |Nov high F = 56.1 |Dec high F = 48.2 |year high F = 65.7 |Jan low F = 32.4 |Feb low F = 34.7 |Mar low F = 37.0 |Apr low F = 41.4 |May low F = 48.7 |Jun low F = 54.3 |Jul low F = 58.8 |Aug low F = 59.2 |Sep low F = 55.2 |Oct low F = 47.8 |Nov low F = 39.6 |Dec low F = 34.9 |year low F = 45.3 |Jan precipitation inch = 2.3 |Feb precipitation inch = 2.7 |Mar precipitation inch = 2.4 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.8 |May precipitation inch = 2.9 |Jun precipitation inch = 2.8 |Jul precipitation inch = 1.8 |Aug precipitation inch = 2.4 |Sep precipitation inch = 2.7 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.0 |Nov precipitation inch = 3.7 |Dec precipitation inch = 2.8 |year precipitation inch = 32.3 |source 1 = Intellicast <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.intellicast.com/local/history.aspx?location=ITXX0136 |title=Perugia historic weather averages in Italy|accessdate= 4 June 2009 |publisher=Intellicast}}</ref> |date=August 2010 }} == Demographics == [[File:Perugia-vista02.jpg|thumb|Houses in Perugia.]] In 2007, thare wur 163,287 fowk residin in Perugia, locatit in the province o Perugia, [[Umbrie]], o whom 47.7% wur male an 52.3% wur female. Minors (childer ages 18 an younger) totalled 16.41 percent o the population compared tae pensioners who nummer 21.51 percent. This compares wi the Italian average o 18.06 percent (minors) an 19.94 percent (pensioners). The average age o Perugia residents is 44 compared tae the Italian average o 42. In the five years atween 2002 an 2007, the population o Perugia grew bi 7.86 percent, while [[Italy]] as a whole grew bi 3.85 percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html |title=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT |publisher=Demo.istat.it |date= |accessdate=2009-05-06 |archive-date=2009-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426215446/http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> As o 2006, 90.84% o the population wis [[Italians|Italian]]. The lairgest immigrant group came frae ither [[Europe]]an kintras (pairticularly frae [[Albanie]] an [[Romanie]]): 3.93%, the [[Americas]]: 2.01%, an [[North African]]: 1.3%. The majority o indwallers are [[Roman Catholic]]. {{-}} == Eddication == [[File:01 Perugia Grifo Codice Medioevo.jpg|thumb|Perugia [[griffin]], in a medieval [[Laitin]] [[document]].]] Perugia the day hosts twa main varsities, the auncient [[Varsity o Perugia|Università degli Studi]] (Varsity o Perugia) an the [[Varsity for Foreigners Perugia|Foreigners Varsity]] (''Università per Stranieri''). ''Stranieri'' serves as a Italian leid an cultur schuil for students frae aw ower the warld.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2007/03/13/student_diaries_heather_kenny_200703_feature.shtml BBC students diaries] March 13, 2007</ref> Ither eddicational institutions are the Perugia Fene Airts Academy "Pietro Vannucci" (foondit in 1573), the Perugia Muisic Conservatory for the study o clessical muisic, an the RAI Public Broadcastin Schuil o Radio-Telly Jurnalism.<ref>See [http://tourism.comune.perugia.it/canale.asp?id=256 Perugia, University Town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005725/http://tourism.comune.perugia.it/canale.asp?id=256 |date=2007-09-27 }} and [http://www.repubblica.it/universita/scuole_gio/scuole_gio.html La Repubblica Università - Italian Journalism recognized schools] {{It}}</ref> The ceety is host tae the Umbra Institute an aw, a accreditit varsity program for American students studyin abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umbra.org|title=The Umbra Institute}}</ref> The ''Università dei Sapori'' (Vasity o Tastes), a naitional centre for Vocational Eddication an Trainin in Fuid, is locatit in the ceety as well.<ref>See the institution educational purposes at the [http://www.universitadeisapori.com/canale.asp?id=728 Università dei Sapori official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712180220/http://www.universitadeisapori.com/canale.asp?id=728 |date=2007-07-12 }}</ref> == Frazioni == The ''comune'' includes the ''[[frazioni]]'' o Bagnaia, Bosco, Capanne, Casa del Diavolo, Castel del Piano, Cenerente, Civitella Benazzone, Civitella d'Arna, Collestrada, Colle Umberto I, Cordigliano, Colombella, Farneto, Ferro di Cavallo, [[Fontignano]], Fratticiola Selvatica, La Bruna, La Cinella, Lacugnano, Lidarno, Migiana di Monte Tezio, Monte Bagnolo, Monte Corneo, Montelaguardia, Monte Petriolo, Mugnano, Olmo, Parlesca, Pianello, Piccione, Pila, Pilonico Materno, Ponte della Pietra, Poggio delle Corti, Ponte Felcino, Ponte Pattoli, Ponte Rio, Ponte San Giovanni, Ponte Valleceppi, Prepo, Pretola, Ramazzano-Le Pulci, Rancolfo, Ripa, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Sant'Egidio, Sant'Enea, San Fortunato della Collina, San Giovanni del Pantano, Sant'Andrea d'Agliano, Santa Lucia, San Marco, Santa Maria Rossa, San Martino dei Colli, San Martino in Campo, San Martino in Colle, San Sisto, Solfagnano, Villa Pitignano. Ither localities are Boneggio, Canneto, Colle della Trinità, Monte Pulito, Montevile, Pieve di Campo, Montemalbe an Monte Morcino. Collestrada, in the territory o the suburb o Ponte San Giovanni, saw a battle atween the indwallers o Perugia an [[Assisi]] in 1202. == Main sichts == === Kirks === [[File:Fontana Maggiore, Perugia.jpg|thumb|Fontana Maggiore]] * The [[Perugia Cathedral|Cathedral o S. Lorenzo]]. * Kirk an abbey o ''[[San Pietro, Perugia|San Pietro]]'' (late 16t century). * Basilica o ''[[San Domenico, Perugia|San Domenico]]'' (begun in 1394 an feenished in 1458). The Basilica is locatit whaur, in the Middle Ages, the mercat an the horse fair wur held, an whaur the Dominicans settled in 1234. The Basilica exterior is believit tae be designed bi [[Giovanni Pisano]] while its interior decorations wur redesigned bi [[Carlo Maderno]]. The massive belfry wis pairtially cut aroond mid-16t century. The Basilica hooses impressive ensaumples o Umbrie airt, includin the precious tomb o [[Pape Benedict XI]] an a firthen choir frae the Renaissance period. * The ''Sant'Angelo ''or o ''San Michele Arcangelo'' Kirk frae the (5t-6t centuries). This kirk haes 16 antique columns an is a stunnin ensaumple o Palaeo-Christian airt wi a central plan reminiscent o [[Santo Stefano Rotondo]] in [[Roum]]. * ''San Bernardino'' Kirk (wi facade bi [[Agostino di Duccio]]). * ''Sant' Ercolano'' Kirk frae the early 14t century. This kirk resembles a polygonal touer. This kirk ance haed twa floors. The upper floor wis demolished when the Rocca Paolina wus biggit. It includes Baroque decorations commissioned frae 1607. The main altar haes a sarcophagus foond in 1609. * Kirk o ''[[Sant'Antonio da Padova di Perugia|Sant'Antonio da Padova]]''. * Kirk o ''Santa Giuliana'', heir o a female monastery foondit in 1253. In its later years, the kirk gained a reputation for dissoluteness. Later, the French turned the kirk intae a granary. Nou, the kirk is a militar hospital. The kirk, wi a single nave, anerly bears traces o 13t century frescoes, which probably uised tae kiver aw o the waws. The closter is a notewirthy ensaumple o mid-14t century Cistercian airchitectur frae {{Ill|it|Matteo Gattaponi}}. The upper pairt o the ''[[campanile]]'' is frae the 13t century. * The [[Knichts Templar|Templar]] kirk o ''[[San Bevignate]]''. === Secular biggins === * The [[Palazzo dei Priori]] (Toun Haw, encompassin the [[Collegio del Cambio]], Collegio della Mercanzia, an Galleria Nazionale), ane o Italy's greatest biggins.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121102174323/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4990695.html A short break in Perugia] The Independent - London, June 6, 1999</ref> The Collegio del Cambio haes frescoes bi [[Pietro Perugino]], while the Collegio della Mercanzia haes a feene later 14t century firthen interior. ** [[Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria]], the Naitional Gallery o Umbrie airt in Middle Ages an Renaissance (it includes wirks bi Duccio, [[Piero della Francesca]], [[Beato Angelico]], [[Perugino]]) * ''[[Fontana Maggiore]]'', a medieval foontain designed bi Fra Bevignate an sculptit bi [[Nicola Pisano|Nicola]] an [[Giovanni Pisano]]. * Chapel o ''San Severo'', which reteens a fresco pentit bi [[Raphael]]<ref name="severo">"...some studies for the figure of St. John the Martyr which Raphael used in 1505 in his great fresco in the Church of San Severo at Perugia." ([[s:The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci/X|The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci (X)]]</ref> an [[Perugino]]. * the ''Rocca Paolina'', a Renaissance fortress (1540–1543) o which anerly a bastion the day is remainin. The oreeginal design wis bi [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger|Antonio]] an [[Bastiano da Sangallo|Aristotile da Sangallo]], an includit the ''Porta Marzia'' (3rd century BC), the touer o [[Gentile Baglioni]]'s hoose an a medieval cellar. * [[Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia]], the varsity's [[botanical garden]] === Antiquities === [[File:Perugia Arco Etrusco.jpg|thumb|Etruscan Airch]] * the ''[[Ipogeo dei Volumni]]'' (Hypogeum o the Volumnus faimily), an Etruscan chamber tomb * an Etruscan Well (''Pozzo Etrusco''). * Naitional Museum o Umbrie Airchaeologie, whaur ane o the langest inscription in [[Etruscan leid|Etruscan]] is conservit, the sae-cried ''[[Cippus perusinus]]''. * [[Etruscan Airch]] (kent as ''Porta Augusta'' an aw), a Etruscan gate wi Roman elements. === Modren airchitectur === * ''Centro Direzionale'' (1982–1986), a admeenistration ceevic centre awned bi the Umbrie Region. The biggin wis designed bi the Pritzker Airchitectur prizewinner [[Aldo Rossi]].<ref>The Centro Direzionale is mentioned in the [http://www.pritzkerprize.com/rossi.htm Aldo Rossi personal page at the Pritzker Prize official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523193256/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/rossi.htm |date=2007-05-23 }}</ref> === Airt === [[File:Autoportrait perugino.jpg|thumb|[[Pietro Perugino]], ''sel-portrait'']] Perugia haes haed a rich tradeetion o airt an airtists. The [[Heich Renaissance]] penter Pietro Perugino creatit some o his maisterpieces in the Perugia aurie. The ither Heich Resaissance maister [[Raphael]] wis active in Perugia an an an pentit his famous [[Oddi Altar (Raphael)|Oddi Altar]] thare in 1502-04. The day, the [[Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria]] in Perugia hooses a nummer o masterpieces, includin the ''[[:en:Madonna with Child and six Angels (Duccio)|Madonna wi Bairn an sax Angels]]'', which represents the [[Renaissance]] [[Roman Catholic Marian airt|Marian airt]] o [[Duccio]]. An the private [[Airt Collection o the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia]] haes twa separate locations. The [[Collegio del Cambio]] is an extremely well preservit representation o a Renaissance biggin an hooses a magnificent Pietro Perugino fresco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/europe/italy/tuscany-and-umbria/perugia/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654613337 |title=NY Times |publisher=Travel.nytimes.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-20}}</ref> The newly re-opened Academy o Fine Airts haes a smaw but impressive plaster casts gallery an Perugie pentins an drawins frae the 16t century on.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inperugia.com/tourist-attractions/academy-of-fine-arts-of-perugia/ |title=The Academy of Fine Arts of Perugia |publisher=inperugia.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-20 |archive-date=2013-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018065452/http://inperugia.com/tourist-attractions/academy-of-fine-arts-of-perugia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cultur == * The [[Umbria Jazz Festival]] is ane o the maist important venues for Jazz in Europe an haes been held annually syne 1973, uisually in Julie. * Sagra Musicale Umbra<ref>The Umbrie muisical event is hostit in Perugia syne the end o Warld War II [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30B16FA385A117A93CAA8178BD95F478585F9 NYT, October 18, 1953]</ref> * The [[International Journalism Festival]] (''Festival del Giornalismo''). * [[Eurochocolate]], uisually in October each year. :{| class=wikitable |- style="font-size:87%" |[[File:A street jazz band in Perugia.jpg|165px]]<br/>&nbsp; Umbria Jazz Festival 2008 |[[File:Teatro Pavone.jpg|189px]]<br/>&nbsp; International Journalism Festival 2009 |[[File:Eurochocolate 2008.jpg|188px]]<br/>&nbsp; &nbsp; Eurochocolate 2008 |} == Sport == [[File:Stadio Renato Curi Perugia Curva Nord.JPG|thumb|right|200px|[[A.C. Perugia Calcio]] play at the 28,000-seater [[Stadio Renato Curi]].]] [[A.C. Perugia Calcio]] are the main fitbaa club in the ceety, currently playin in the third-tier [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione]], Group B. The club play at the 28,000-seater [[Stadio Renato Curi]], namit efter a umwhile player who dee'd durin a match. Frae 1983 tae 2001, the stadium held fower matches for the [[Italy naitional fitbaa team]].<ref>http://eu-football.info/_venue.php?id=826</ref> == Transport == [[File:Minimetrò primopiano.jpg|thumb|[[Minimetrò]]]] A electric tramwey operatit in Perugia frae 1901 till 1940. It wis decommissioned in favour o buses, an syne 1943 trolley buses – the latter wur in service till 1975. Twa elevators wur established syne 1971: * Mercato Coperto (Pairkin) – Terrazza Mercato Coperto * Galleria Kennedy – Mercato Coperto (Pincetto) This wis follaeed bi public escalators: * Rocca Paolina: Piazza Partigiani - Piazza Italia (1983) * Cupa-Pellini: Piazzale della Cupa - Via dei Priori (1989) * Piazzale Europa - Piazzale Bellucci (1993) * Piazzale Bellucci - Corso Cavour (1993) * Minimetrò: Pincetto - Piazza Matteotti (2008) Syne 1971 Perugia haes taken several measures against caur traffec, when the first traffec restriction zone wis implementit. Thir zones wur expandit ower time an at certaint oors o the day drivin is forbidden in the ceety centre. Lairge pairkin lots are providit in the lawer toun, frae whaur the ceety can be reached via public transport. Syne 2008, an [[automatit fowk muiver]] cried [[Minimetrò]] haes been in operation an aw. It haes seiven stations, wi ane terminal at a lairge pairkin lot, an the ither in the ceety centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/per/perugia.htm |title=Perugia MiniMetro on |publisher=Urbanrail.net |date=2008-01-29 |accessdate=2010-04-20 |archive-date=2010-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409022959/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/per/perugia.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Perugia Stazione S.Anna.jpg|thumb|Santa Anna [[railwey]] station.]] [[Perugia railwey station]], kent as Perugia Fontivegge an aw, wis opened in 1866. It forms pairt o the [[Foligno–Terontola railway]], which links [[Firenze Santa Maria Novella railwey station|Florence]] wi [[Roma Termini railwey station|Roum]] an aw. The station is situatit at Piazza [[Vittorio Veneto]], in the hivily populatit destrict o Fontivegge, aboot {{convert|3|km}} soothwast o the ceety centre. [[Perugia San Francesco d'Assisi – Umbria Internaitional Airport]] is locatit {{convert|12|km}} ootside the ceety. ==Internaitional relations== ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}} Perugia haes [[toun twinnin|twin]] an sister ceety greements wi the follaein ceeties:<ref>[http://www.comune.perugia.it/news.asp?idcat=55 Perugia Official site - Relazioni Internazionali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215042936/http://www.comune.perugia.it/news.asp?idcat=55 |date=2012-02-15 }} {{It}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Aix-en-Provence]], [[Fraunce]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aix-jumelages.com/ |title=Association of twinnings and international relations of Aix-en-Provence |publisher=Aix-jumelages.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-20}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mairie-aixenprovence.fr/article.php3?id_article=2981 Mairie of Aix-en-Provence - Twinnings and partnerships] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113162049/http://www.mairie-aixenprovence.fr/article.php3?id_article=2981 |date=2009-01-13 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakie]], syne 1962<ref name="Bratislava twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns|title=Partner (Twin) towns of Bratislava|accessdate=2013-08-05|work=Bratislava-City.sk|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728183628/http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns|archivedate=2013-07-28|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Grand Rapids]], [[Unitit States]] *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Potsdam]], [[Germany]]<ref name="Potsdam twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.potsdam.de/cms/ziel/27222/DE/|title=Die Partnerstädte der Landeshauptstadt Potsdam|work=www.potsdam.de|accessdate=24 June 2010|language=German|archive-date=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806105813/http://www.potsdam.de/cms/ziel/27222/de/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Seattle]], [[Unitit States]] *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Tübingen]], [[Germany]] == See an aw == * [[A.C. Perugia Calcio|Perugia]] - local fitbaa club * [[Varrsity o Perugia]] * [[Varsity for Foreigners Perugia]] == Notes == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == References == *{{Cite book | first=Giancarlo | last=Conestabile della Staffa | title=I Monumenti di Perugia etrusca e romana | publisher= | location=Perugia | year=1855 }} *{{Cite book|first=Romeo Adriano |last=Gallenga Stuart |title=Perugia| publisher= Istituto italiano d'arti grafiche Editore |location=Bergamo|year=1905}} *{{Cite book|first=William |last=Heywood|title=A history of Perugia|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofperugia00heywuoft | publisher= Methuen & Co|location=London|year=1910}} *{{Cite book|first=Francesco Federico|last=Mancini|coauthors=Giovanna Casagrande|title=Perugia - guida storico-artistica|location=Perugia|publisher=Italcards|isbn= 88-7193-746-5}} *{{Cite book|first=Sarah |last=Rubin Blanshei|title=Perugia, 1260-1340: Conflict and Change in a Medieval Italian Urban Society| publisher= American Philosophical Society |location=Philadelphia|year=1976|isbn=0-87169-662-2}} *{{Cite book|first=Raffaele |last=Rossi|coauthors= and others|title=Perugia| publisher= Elio Sellino Editore|location=Milan|year= 1993|isbn= 88-236-0051-0}} *{{Cite book|first=Margaret |last=Symonds |coauthors=Lina Duff Gordon|title=The Story of Perugia|url=https://archive.org/details/storyperugiaill00jamegoog | publisher=J.M. Dent & Co | location=London|year=1898|isbn=0-8115-0865-X}} *{{Cite book|first=Maria Rita |last=Zappelli|editor=Zachary Nowak|title=Home Street Home: Perugia’s History Told Through its Streets| publisher=Morlacchi Editore | location=Perugia|year=2013|isbn=978-88-6074-548-4}} ==Further readin== * {{citation |series =Mediaeval Towns |oclc=150311124 |location=London |publisher=[[J. M. Dent|J.M. Dent & Co.]] |author=Margaret Symonds |title= Perugia |year=1912 |url= http://archive.org/stream/storyofperugi00symo#page/n9/mode/2up }} == Freemit airtins == <!-- links to official and standard-reference sites only please. --> {{Commons category|Perugia}} *{{Official website|http://www.comune.perugia.it/ }} {{It icon}} * [http://tourism.comune.perugia.it/ Offeecial Perugia Tourism Wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517223939/http://tourism.comune.perugia.it/ |date=2007-05-17 }} {{en icon}} {{de icon}} {{It icon}} *{{Wikivoyage-inline}} <!-- links to official and standard-reference sites only please. --> {{Province o Perugia}} {{Regional Caipitals o Italy}} [[Category:Perugia| ]] [[Category:Baroque steids o Umbrie]] [[Category:Etruscan steids]] [[Category:Hilltouns in Umbrie]] [[Category:Renaissance steids in Umbrie]] [[Category:Roman steids o Umbrie]] 3yrv5hb7ogk7p08bjir6fbvbi1hhbj1 0 66446 923807 921031 2026-09-30T09:15:29Z Makenzis 43742 923807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Real Madrid CF | current = <!-- 2011–12 Real Madrid C.F. season --> | image = Real Madrid CF.svg | image_size = 160px | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web | title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | accessdate = 22 February 2009 | language = Spanish | archive-date = 2012-05-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120521195037/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref name=VIKINGOS>{{cite web |author= |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |publisher=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |accessdate=2013-02-18 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015132338/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club it refers to a group of players only. --> | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1902|03|06}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web|title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | accessdate =12 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> | ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Bernabéu]] | capacity = 83,186<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-19|title=LaLiga bate record histórico de asistencia a los estadios con más de 15 millones de espectadores|url= https://www.laliga.com/noticias/laliga-bate-record-historico-de-asistencia-a-los-estadios-con-mas-de-15-millones-de-espectadores|access-date=2025-12-11|website=LALIGA|language=sp}}</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | manager = [[Álvaro Arbeloa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-alvaro-arbeloa-12-01-2026|title=Official Announcement: Álvaro Arbeloa |publisher=Real Madrid C.F.|date=2026-01-12|access-date=2026-01-12|language=en}}</ref> | league = {{Spanish football updater|Real Madrid}} | season = 2025–26 | position = 2nd | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_la1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_b1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_ra1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_sh1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_so1 = _realmadridcf2324hl | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_b2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_ra2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_sh2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_so2 = _realmadridcf2324al | leftarm2 = 000030 | body2 = 000030 | rightarm2 = 000030 | shorts2 = 000030 | socks2 = 000030 | pattern_la3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_b3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_ra3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_sh3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_so3 = _realmadridcf2324tl | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol<!--Standard Spanish pronunciation, the phoneme /t/ in "fútbol" is voiced and weakened to [ð], see Spanish phonology-->}}; ''Ryal Madrid Fitbaw Club''), commonly kent as '''Real Madrid''', is a professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. The club is the warld's richest fitbaw club in terms o revenue, wi an annual turnower o €513&nbsp;million, an the maist valuable sports team, wirth €2.4&nbsp;billion (US$3.3&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams | url = http://www.forbes.com/soccer-valuations/ | publisher = Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ | title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=15 July 2013 |accessdate=13 December 2013 |agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref> Real Madrid is ane o three foondin members o the [[La Liga|Primera División]] that hae niver been relegatit frae the tap division, alang wi [[Athletic Bilbao]] an [[FC Barcelona]]. Real Madrid hauds mony lang-staundin rivalries, maist notably ''[[El Clásico]]'' wi FC Barcelona an ''El Derbi madrileño'' wi [[Atlético Madrid]]. In domestic fitbaw, Real Madrid haes won a record 36 [[La Liga]] titles, 20 [[Copa del Rey|Copas del Rey]] an 13 [[Supercopa de España|Supercopas de España]].<ref>{{cite web|title = World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History | url = http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12 | accessdate =22 January 2012}}</ref> Internaitionally it haes won a record 15 [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]] titles an a jynt record five [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]], as well as twa [[UEFA Cup]]s, an sax [[UEFA Super Cup]]s. == Honours == === Domestic competeetions === * '''[[La Liga]]''' : '''Winners (36):''' 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–6], 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67], 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (26):'' 1929, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1941–42, 1944–45, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2020–21, 2022–23, 2024–25 * '''[[Copa del Rey]]''' : '''Winners (20):''' 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2022–23 : ''Runners-up (20):'' 1903, 1916, 1918, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1940, 1943, 1958, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–1968, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1991–92, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2012–13, 2024–25 * '''[[Supercopa de España]]'''<ref name="rsssf2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author=Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=28 August 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (9):''' 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2020, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (5):'' 1982, 1995, 2007, 2011, 2014 : <small>(* ''Won Copa del Rey an La Liga'')</small> * '''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' (Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |title=List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSF]] |date= |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1947 * '''[[Copa de la Liga]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spanleagcuphist.html |author=Torre, Raúl |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of League Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=29 January 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1984–1985 : ''Runners-up (1):'' 1982–1983 === European competeetions === * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/index.html |title=Champions League history |publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA) |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (15):'''1955–56*, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (3):'' 1961–62, 1963–64, 1980–81 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> * '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]''' : '''Winners (2):''' 1984–85, 1985–86 * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |title=UEFA Cup Winners' Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501123433/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1970–71, 1982–83 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |title=UEFA Super Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820032123/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : '''Winners (6):''' 2002, [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1998, 2000, 2018 === Warldwide competeetions === * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |title=Tournaments |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516160537/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> :'''Winners (1) : '''[[2014 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author=Magnani, Loris; Stokkermans, Karel}}</ref> : '''Winners (3):''' 1960*, 1998, 2002 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1966, 2000 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Real Madrid C.F.}} {{Navboxes | title = Real Madrid relatit airticles | list = {{Real Madrid C.F. squad}} {{Real Madrid C.F. managers}} }} {{La Liga teamlist}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Madrid}} [[Category:Real Madrid CF| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1902]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]] 1emzw0xo8k021q6tzqtve56k2wkojjg 923808 923807 2026-09-30T09:15:53Z Makenzis 43742 José Mourinho 923808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Real Madrid CF | current = <!-- 2011–12 Real Madrid C.F. season --> | image = Real Madrid CF.svg | image_size = 160px | fullname = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol<ref name="Real Madrid Club de Fútbol">{{cite web | title = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol | url = http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | publisher = Liga de Fútbol Profesional | accessdate = 22 February 2009 | language = Spanish | archive-date = 2012-05-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120521195037/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=15 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | nickname = {{Nowrap|''Los Blancos'' (The Whites)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Merengues'' (The Meringues)}} {{Nowrap|''Los Vikingos'' (The Vikings)}}<ref name=VIKINGOS>{{cite web |author= |url=http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |title=Los vikingos arrasan Europa |publisher=Ligadecampeones.com |date=23 November 1960 |accessdate=2013-02-18 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015132338/http://ligadecampeones.com/los-vikingos-arrasan-europa-98430/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!-- Los Galacticos is not a nickname for the club it refers to a group of players only. --> | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1902|03|06}}<br />as ''Madrid Football Club''<ref name="Real Madrid turns 106 (I)">{{cite web|title = Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910) | url = http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1202730681095/noticia/Noticia/Real_Madrid_turns_106_(I).htm | publisher = Realmadrid.com | accessdate =12 July 2008|author=Luís Miguel González}}</ref> | ground = [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Estadio Bernabéu]] | capacity = 83,186<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-19|title=LaLiga bate record histórico de asistencia a los estadios con más de 15 millones de espectadores|url= https://www.laliga.com/noticias/laliga-bate-record-historico-de-asistencia-a-los-estadios-con-mas-de-15-millones-de-espectadores|access-date=2025-12-11|website=LALIGA|language=sp}}</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Florentino Pérez]] | manager = [[José Mourinho]] | league = {{Spanish football updater|Real Madrid}} | season = 2025–26 | position = 2nd | website = http://www.realmadrid.com | pattern_la1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_b1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_ra1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_sh1 = _realmadridcf2324h | pattern_so1 = _realmadridcf2324hl | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_b2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_ra2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_sh2 = _realmadridcf2324a | pattern_so2 = _realmadridcf2324al | leftarm2 = 000030 | body2 = 000030 | rightarm2 = 000030 | shorts2 = 000030 | socks2 = 000030 | pattern_la3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_b3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_ra3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_sh3 = _realmadridcf2324t | pattern_so3 = _realmadridcf2324tl | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Real Madrid Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol<!--Standard Spanish pronunciation, the phoneme /t/ in "fútbol" is voiced and weakened to [ð], see Spanish phonology-->}}; ''Ryal Madrid Fitbaw Club''), commonly kent as '''Real Madrid''', is a professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. The club is the warld's richest fitbaw club in terms o revenue, wi an annual turnower o €513&nbsp;million, an the maist valuable sports team, wirth €2.4&nbsp;billion (US$3.3&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams | url = http://www.forbes.com/soccer-valuations/ | publisher = Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/ | title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=15 July 2013 |accessdate=13 December 2013 |agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}</ref> Real Madrid is ane o three foondin members o the [[La Liga|Primera División]] that hae niver been relegatit frae the tap division, alang wi [[Athletic Bilbao]] an [[FC Barcelona]]. Real Madrid hauds mony lang-staundin rivalries, maist notably ''[[El Clásico]]'' wi FC Barcelona an ''El Derbi madrileño'' wi [[Atlético Madrid]]. In domestic fitbaw, Real Madrid haes won a record 36 [[La Liga]] titles, 20 [[Copa del Rey|Copas del Rey]] an 13 [[Supercopa de España|Supercopas de España]].<ref>{{cite web|title = World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History | url = http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12 | accessdate =22 January 2012}}</ref> Internaitionally it haes won a record 15 [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]] titles an a jynt record five [[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cups]], as well as twa [[UEFA Cup]]s, an sax [[UEFA Super Cup]]s. == Honours == === Domestic competeetions === * '''[[La Liga]]''' : '''Winners (36):''' 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–6], 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67], 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (26):'' 1929, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1941–42, 1944–45, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2020–21, 2022–23, 2024–25 * '''[[Copa del Rey]]''' : '''Winners (20):''' 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2022–23 : ''Runners-up (20):'' 1903, 1916, 1918, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1940, 1943, 1958, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–1968, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1991–92, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2012–13, 2024–25 * '''[[Supercopa de España]]'''<ref name="rsssf2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |author=Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer, Carles Lozano |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=28 August 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (9):''' 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2020, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (5):'' 1982, 1995, 2007, 2011, 2014 : <small>(* ''Won Copa del Rey an La Liga'')</small> * '''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' (Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spansupcuphist.html |title=List of Super Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSF]] |date= |accessdate=18 March 2011}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1947 * '''[[Copa de la Liga]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/spanleagcuphist.html |author=Torre, Raúl |title=Spain&nbsp;– List of League Cup Finals |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] (RSSSF) |date=29 January 2009 |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (1):''' 1984–1985 : ''Runners-up (1):'' 1982–1983 === European competeetions === * '''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup/UEFA Champions League]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/index.html |title=Champions League history |publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA) |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010}}</ref> : '''Winners (15):'''1955–56*, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2023–24 : ''Runners-up (3):'' 1961–62, 1963–64, 1980–81 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> * '''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]''' : '''Winners (2):''' 1984–85, 1985–86 * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |title=UEFA Cup Winners' Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |date= |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501123433/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ecwc/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1970–71, 1982–83 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |title=UEFA Super Cup |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820032123/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/history/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> : '''Winners (6):''' 2002, [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1998, 2000, 2018 === Warldwide competeetions === * '''[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |title=Tournaments |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=22 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516160537/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> :'''Winners (1) : '''[[2014 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2014]], 2016, 2017, 2022, 2024 * '''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablest/toyota.html |title=Intercontinental Club Cup |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=30 April 2005 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |author=Magnani, Loris; Stokkermans, Karel}}</ref> : '''Winners (3):''' 1960*, 1998, 2002 : ''Runners-up (2):'' 1966, 2000 : <small>(* ''First iver winners'')</small> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Real Madrid C.F.}} {{Navboxes | title = Real Madrid relatit airticles | list = {{Real Madrid C.F. squad}} {{Real Madrid C.F. managers}} }} {{La Liga teamlist}} {{G14}} {{ECA}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Madrid}} [[Category:Real Madrid CF| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1902]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:1902 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Unrelegatit association fitbaw clubs]] 7iesbnd9tr5jc2n6g66l41d07hjc5lm 0 66460 923736 921425 2026-09-29T15:16:48Z Makenzis 43742 923736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Atlético de Madrid | fullname = Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D. | nickname = {{unbulleted list | ''Los Colchoneros'' (The Mattress Makers) | ''Los Rojiblancos'' (The Red an Whites) | ''Los Indios'' (The Indies) | ''El Atleti'' (The Atleti– no tae be ramfeeselt wi the mair leeteral [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic]]) }} | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1903|4|26}} | ground = [[Wanda Metropolitano Stadium|Estadio Metropolitano]],<br />[[Madrid]] | capacity = 69,860 | owner = Miguel Ángel Gil Marín (52%)<br>[[Enrique Cerezo]] (20%)<br>[[Wang Jianlin]] ([[Wanda Group]]) (20%)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|title= Wanda Group is now the owner of 20% of the Club's shareholding|date= March 31, 2015|accessdate= November 7, 2015|work= clubatleticodemadrid.com|publisher= [[Atlético de Madrid]]|archive-date= 2016-01-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160102160007/http://en.clubatleticodemadrid.com/noticias/wanda-group-is-now-the-owner-of-20-of-the-club-s-shareholding|url-status= dead}}</ref> | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = [[Enrique Cerezo]] | manager = [[Diego Simeone]] | league = {{Spanish football updater|Atlético Madrid}} | season = 2025–26 | position = 4th | website = https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/ | pattern_la1 = _atleticomadrid2526h | pattern_b1 = _atleticomadrid2526h | pattern_ra1 = _atleticomadrid2526h | leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FF0000 | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = 0000FF | socks1 = 0000FF | pattern_la2 = _atleticomadrid2526a | pattern_b2 = _atleticomadrid2526a | pattern_ra2 = _atleticomadrid2526a | pattern_sh2 = _atleticomadrid2526a | pattern_so2 = _atleticomadrid2526al | leftarm2 = 3B3C62 | body2 = 3B3C62 | rightarm2 = 3B3C62 | shorts2 = 3B3C62 | socks2 = 3B3C62 | pattern_la3 = _atleticomadrid2526t | pattern_b3 = _atleticomadrid2526t | pattern_ra3 = _atleticomadrid2526t | pattern_sh3 = _atleticomadrid2526t | leftarm3 = 0088FF | body3 = 0088FF | rightarm3 = 0088FF | shorts3 =0088FF | socks3 = 0088FF }} '''Club Atlético de Madrid, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''' ({{IPA-esdia|ˈkluβ aðˈletiko ðe maˈðɾið|Spainish pronunciation:}}}}; {{lang-sco|Madrid Athletic Club}}), commonly kent as '''Atlético de Madrid''', or '''Atlético''', is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Madrid]] who play in [[La Liga]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | title = :: Tienda Club Atlético de Madrid:: | publisher = Atlético Madrid | accessdate = 20 November 2010 | language = Spanish | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp | archivedate = 2010-12-13 | deadurl = no | url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213165704/http://clubatleticodemadrid.com/tienda/es/home.asp |date=2010-12-13 }}</ref> Atlético hae wan La Liga on [[fitbaw records in Spain|ten]] occasions, includin a double in 1996; the [[Copa del Rey]] on ten occasions; 2 [[Supercopa de España]] an 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]; in Europe, they wan the [[1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1962, wur [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] runners-up in [[1974 European Cup Feenal|1974]] an [[2014 UEFA Champions League Feenal]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | title = 1973/74: Müller ends Bayern wait | publisher = [[UEFA]] | accessdate = 7 November 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101011155417/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/season=1973/index.html | archivedate = 2010-10-11 | deadurl = no | url-status = live }}</ref> wan the [[UEFA Europa League|Europa League]] in 2010 an in 2012, an wan the [[UEFA Super Cup]] in 2010 an 2012. ==Honours== ===Regional=== *'''[[Campeonato Regional Centro]]''' ** '''Winners (4):''' 1920–21, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1939–40 *'''[[Copa Federación Centro]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' 1941 ===Domestic competeetions=== *'''[[La Liga]]''' ** '''Winners (10):''' 1939–40, 1940–41, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1995–96, 2013–14 ** Runners-up (10): 1943–44, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1990–91, 2017–18, 2018–19 *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' ** '''Winners (10):''' 1959–60, 1960–61, 1964–65, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 2012–13 ** Runners-up (9): 1921, 1926, 1956, 1963–64, 1974–75, 1986–87, 1998–99, 1999-00, 2009–10 *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' 1985, 2014 ** Runners-up (4): 1991, 1992, 1996, 2013 *'''Copa de Campeones de España''' <small>(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])</small> ** '''Winners (1):''' 1940<ref>[[:es:Copa de Campeones de España]]. "The first Supercopa de España". See: [[:es:Precedentes de la Supercopa de España de fútbol]].</ref> *'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' <small>(Predecessor tae the [[Supercopa de España]])</small> ** '''Winners (1):''' 1951<ref>The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Atlético Madrid's "Copa de Campeones" win o 1940 is no includit in this coont.</ref> ** Runners-up (1): 1950 *'''[[:es:Copa Presidente FEF de 1941/47|Copa Presidente FEF]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' 1947 *'''[[Segunda División]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' 2001–02 ** Runners-up (2): 1932–33, 1933–34 ===European=== *'''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' ** Runners-up (2): 1973–74, 2013-2014 *'''[[UEFA Europa League]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' 2009–10, 2011–12 *'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' 1961–62 ** Runners-up (2): 1962–63, 1985–86 *'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (2):''' 2010, 2012 *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' ** Runners-up (1): 2004 === Warld === *'''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]]''' ** '''Winners (1):''' 1974 ===Ither=== *'''[[Amsterdam Tournament]]:''' **Runners-up (1): 2007 ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/ Atlético de Madrid Offeecial Wabsteid] {{es icon}} {{en icon}} {{La Liga teamleet}} {{UEFA Champions League winners}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atletico Madrid}} [[Category:Atlético Madrid| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1903]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:1903 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] g3un754m3ov8c0wcvvk6ejfeg80nbke 0 68742 923797 705506 2026-09-30T04:57:46Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|Labinsk}} {{Infobox Russian town |en_name=Ust-Labinsk |ru_name=Усть-Лабинск |image_skyline= |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|45|13|N|39|42|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=top |image_flag=Flag of Ust-Labinsk (Krasnodar krai).png |flag_caption= |image_coa=Ust labinsk city coa 2010.gif |coa_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= <!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS----> |federal_subject=[[Krasnodar Krai]] |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> |adm_data_as_of=May 2013 |adm_district_jur=[[Ust-Labinsky Destrict]] |adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> |adm_selsoviet_jur=Ust-Labinsk |adm_selsoviet_type=[[Toun o destrict significance|Toun]] |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> |adm_ctr_of1=Ust-Labinsky Destrict |adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> |adm_ctr_of2=Town of Ust-Labinsk |adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=July 2010 |mun_district_jur=Ust-Labinsky Municipal Destrict |mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarKUst-LabinskyD_mun" /> |urban_settlement_jur=Ust-Labinskoye Urban Dounset |urban_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarKUst-LabinskyD_mun" /> |mun_admctr_of1=Ust-Labinsky Municipal Destrict |mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarKUst-LabinskyD_mun" /> |mun_admctr_of2=Ust-Labinskoye Urban Dounset |mun_admctr_of2_ref=<ref name="KrasnodarKUst-LabinskyD_mun" /> |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= <!----STATISTICS----> |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=43270 |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= <!----HISTORY----> |established_date=1794 |established_title= |established_date_ref=<ref name="KubanATS" /> |current_cat_date=28 Mey 1958 |current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="KubanATS" /> |prev_name1=Ust-Labinskaya |prev_name1_date=28 Mey 1958 |prev_name1_ref=<ref name="KubanATS" /> <!----MISCELLANEA----> |postal_codes= |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes= |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://gorod-ust-labinsk.ru/ |website_ref= |commonscat=Ust-Labinsk |date=September 2013 }} '''Ust-Labinsk''' ({{lang-ru|Усть-Лаби́нск}}) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] an the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Ust-Labinsky Destrict]] o [[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Roushie]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=43,270|p2002=43,824|p1989=41,759}} ==Geografie== The [[Bolshaya Laba River|Bolshaya Laba]] an [[Kuban River]]s flow throu the toun. ==History== It wis established as the ''[[stanitsa]]'' o '''Ust-Labinskaya''' ({{lang|ru|Усть-Лабинская}}) in 1794.<ref name="KubanATS">Azarenkova et al., p.&nbsp;270.</ref> On 28 Mey 1958, it wis grantit toun status an renamit.<ref name="KubanATS" /> ==Admeenistrative an municipal status== Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], Ust-Labinsk serves as the [[admeenistrative centre]] o [[Ust-Labinsky Destrict]].<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist">Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03</ref> As a admeenistrative diveesion, it is, thegither wi twa [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|landwart localities]], incorporatit athin Ust-Labinsky Destrict as the '''[[Toun o destrict significance|Toun]] o Ust-Labinsk'''.<ref name="KrasnodarK_admlist" /> As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the territory o Ust-Labinsk alang wi ane o the landwart localities (the ''[[khutor]]'' o [[Oktyabrsky, Ust-Labinsky Destrict, Krasnodar Krai|Oktyabrsky]]), is incorporatit athin Ust-Labinsky Municipal Destrict as '''Ust-Labinskoye Urban Dounset'''.<ref name="KrasnodarKUst-LabinskyD_mun">Law #727-KZ</ref> The ither landwart locality (the dounset o [[Dvubratsky]]) is incorporatit as [[Dvubratskoye Landwart Dounset]] o Ust-Labinsky Municipal Destrict. ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}} ===Sources=== *{{Cite book |last=Азаренкова |first=А.&nbsp;С. |others=И.&nbsp;Ю.&nbsp;Бондарь, Н.&nbsp;С.&nbsp;Вертышева |title=Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985&nbsp;гг.) |origyear=1986 |year=1986 |publisher=Краснодарское книжное издательство |language=Russian }} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kda|adm|list}} *{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kda|mun|list|ust-labinsky}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://gorod-ust-labinsk.ru/ Offeecial wabsteid o Ust-Labinsk] {{ru icon}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140102142808/http://ust-labinsk.ru/ Wiki o Ust-Labinsk] {{ru icon}} {{Krasnodar Krai}} [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Krasnodar Krai]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1794]] ialmb7wxifjphle4od670kgw8442o34 0 69212 923796 923563 2026-09-30T04:51:04Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{linkrot}} [[Image:Universidade_Federal_do_Recôncavo_da_Bahia.jpg|right|thumb|380px|Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia]] The '''Varsity o Recôncavo da Bahia''' ({{lang-pt|Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia}}), foondit in 2006,<ref name="aulp">[http://www.aulp.org/memb.php?tipo=1&id=681 Lista de instituições brasileiras afiliadas à AULP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831085414/http://aulp.org/memb.php?tipo=1 |date=2009-08-31 }} {{Cite web |url=http://aulp.org/memb.php?tipo=1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831085414/http://aulp.org/memb.php?tipo=1 |archive-date=2009-08-31 |url-status=dead}}, 26 de julho de 2009</ref> is a kenspeckle centre for teachin an resairch in [[Bahia]], in the northeast o [[Brazil]].<ref name="hisufrb">[http://www.ufrb.edu.br/portal/a-ufrb/historia História da UFRB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125010924/http://www.ufrb.edu.br/portal/a-ufrb/historia |date=2014-01-25 }}, 17 de outubro de 2010</ref> The varsity is amang the lairgest an maist presteegious in Brazil.<ref>[http://www.universia.com.br/ondeestudar/instituicoes_zoom.jsp?instituicao=1438 About UFRB]</ref> == Notes == <references/> {{coord|-12.659|-39.088|type:edu_region:BR-BA|display=title}} {{Commonscat|Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia}} [[Category:Varsities an colleges in Bahia]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 2005]] [[Category:Federal varsities o Brazil|Bahia]] {{Stub/Brazil}} qvdgsthk2b2d4sfyfd4ewdv1wuxfehf 0 71003 923754 923492 2026-09-29T20:25:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oso''', or '''OSO''', mey refer tae: ==Places== * [[Oso, Californie]] * [[Oso, Ontario]], a commonty Central Frontenac Tounship, Ontario, Canadae * [[Oso, Washington]], a census-designatit place in Snohomish Coonty, Washington * The heich-gate '''Oso Parkway''' in [[Orange Coonty, Californie]], namit efter the wird for "[[bear]]" in the [[Spainyie leid]],<ref>Oso http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=oso {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324112847/http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=OSO |date=2014-03-24 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=OSO |title=Archived copy |access-date=2026-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324112847/http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=OSO |archive-date=2014-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> because of area's history of bears. ==Ither== * [[Oakville Symphony Orchestra]] * [[Ose (demon)]] * [[Onsala Space Observatory]] * [[Orbiting Solar Observatory]], series o nine satellites **[[OSO 3]] **[[OSO 7]] * [[Ottawa Symphony Orchestra]] * [[Om Shanti Om]], Hindi film starring Shahrukh Khan, Deepika Padukone and Arjun Rampal * [[militar officer|Officer]] Selection Officer in the Unitit States Marine Corps * The [[Special Cooncil o the NKVD]]; Roushie "ОСО," transliteratit "OSO." ==References== {{Reflist}} {{disambiguation}} [[Category:Place name disambiguation pages]] pwu8j80t4zlzxw26imjflnjy72ynqd8 0 73796 923798 923564 2026-09-30T04:59:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Uzbeks<br/>''Oʻzbeklar'' | image = {{image array|perrow=3|width=90|height=105 | image1 = Alisher Usmanov podium 2013 Fencing WCH SMS-IN t204812.jpg| caption1 = [[Alisher Usmanov]] | image2 = Abdul Rashid Dostum VOA Jan 22 2002 retouched.jpg| caption2 = [[Abdul Rashid Dostum]] | image3 = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1987-0515-035, Dshamolidin Abdushaparow.jpg| caption3 = [[Djamolidine Abdoujaparov]] | image4 = Hamza Niyazi.jpg| caption4 = [[Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi]] | image5 =| caption5 = [[Islam Karimov]] | image6 = RKasimdzhanov12.jpg| caption6 = [[Rustam Kasimdzhanov]] | image7 = Sharipov.jpg| caption7 = [[Salizhan Sharipov]] | image8 = Sylvia Nasar - Flickr - Knight Foundation.jpg| caption8 = [[Sylvia Nasar]]{{fact|date=March 2014}} | image9 =| caption9 = [[Zulfiya (poet)|Zulfiya]] | image10 =| caption10 = [[Rahmonberdi Madazimov]] | image11 =| caption11 = [[Urinboy Rahmonov]] | image12 =| caption12 = [[Kosimov Mahmud|Mahmud Kosimov]] }} | population = c. 30 million | region1 = {{flag|Uzbekistan}} | pop1 = 23,929,309 (2013) | ref1 = <ref name=CIA-Uzbekistan>{{cite web|author=|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html|title=Population: 28,661,637 (July 2013 est.) [Uzbeks = 80%]|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|work=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|accessdate=10 June 2013|archive-date=2016-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709035649/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region2 = {{flag|Afghanistan}} | pop2 = 2,799,726 (2013) | ref2 = <ref name=CIA-Afghanistan>{{cite web|author=|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af|title=Afghan Population: 31,108,077 (July 2013 est.) [Uzbeks = 9%]|publisher=The World Factbook|work=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|accessdate=10 June 2013|archive-date=2017-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607234625/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region3 = {{flag|Tajikistan}} | pop3 = 1,210,236 (2013) | ref3 = <ref name=CIA-Tajikistan>{{cite web|author=|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ti.html|title=Population: 7,910,041 (July 2013 est.) [Uzbeks = 15.3%]|publisher=The World Factbook|work=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|accessdate=10 June 2013|archive-date=2001-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331101740/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ti.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | region4 = {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} | pop4 = 980,000 | ref4 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/kg.html#People CIA World Factbook – Kyrgyzstan]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | region5 = {{flag|Kazakhstan}} | pop5 = 490,000 | ref5 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stat.kz/news/Pages/pr_04_02_10.aspx |title=Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan, official estimation 2010-01-01 based on National Census 2009 |access-date=2014-05-03 |archive-date=2010-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208073821/http://www.stat.kz/news/Pages/pr_04_02_10.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region6 = {{flag|Turkmenistan}} | pop6 = 260,000 | ref6 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html#People |title=CIA World Factbook – Turkmenistan |access-date=2014-05-03 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612214157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html#People |url-status=dead }}</ref> | region7 = {{flag|Russia}} | pop7 = 499,862 | ref7 = <ref name="Russia Census 2002">{{ru icon}} [http://www.perepis2010.ru/content.html?id=11&docid=10715289081463 Russia Census 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906073144/http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11 |date=2018-09-06 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906073144/http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11 |archive-date=2018-09-06 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> | region8 = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} | pop8 = 300,000 | ref8 = <ref name="Russia Census 2002"/> | region9 = {{flag|Pakistan}} | pop9 = 70,133 (2005) | ref9 = <ref>Rhoda Margesson (January 26, 2007). [http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33851.pdf "Afghan Refugees: Current Status and Future Prospects" p.7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112042154/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33851.pdf |date=2021-01-12 }}. Report RL33851, [[Congressional Research Service]].</ref> | region10 = {{flag|PRC}} | pop10 = 124,800 | ref10 = <ref>[http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Minorities/China-Nationalities.html Chinese National Minorities<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | region11 = {{flag|Ukraine}} | pop11 = 22,400 | ref11 = <ref>[http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/nationality_population/nationality_1/s5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=100&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20&n_page=6 State Statistics Committee of Ukraine: The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201192304/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/nationality_population/nationality_1/s5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=100&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20&n_page=6 |date=2008-12-01 }}</ref> | region12 = {{flag|Australia}} | pop12 = 80,000 | ref12 = | region13 = {{flag|United States}} | pop13 = 15,960 | ref13 = | region14 = {{flag|Turkey}} | pop14 = 45,000 | ref14 = <ref>[http://evrenpasakoyu.wordpress.com Evrenpaşa Köyü | Güney Türkistan'dan Anadoluya Urfa Ceylanpınar Özbek Türkleri]. Evrenpasakoyu.wordpress.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref> | region15 = {{flag|Mongolia}} | pop15 = 560 | ref15 = <ref>Census of Mongolia, slide# 23. http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf</ref> | languages = [[Uzbek leid|Uzbek]] | religions = Mainly [[Islam]] (predominantly [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]), minority [[Irreligion|non-releegious]].<br/>Historically [[Tengriism]] | related = [[Uygurs]] }} The '''Uzbeks''' (''Oʻzbek'', pl. ''Oʻzbeklar'') are the lairgest [[Turkic fowks|Turkic]] [[ethnic group]] in [[Central Asie]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uzbeks}} [[Category:Turkic fowks]] [[Category:History o the Turkic fowks]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Turkmenistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups offeecially recognized bi Cheenae]] [[Category:Ethnic Uzbek fowk|*]] [[Category:Turkic tribes]] mh19czht747qzhz3dbudojbc1ymceqk 0 76621 923781 923527 2026-09-30T01:31:06Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other places3|Sinmunno}} {{Infobox Korean settlement | title = Sinmunno 1-ga | img = | imgwidth = | imgcaption = | hangul = 신문로1가 | hanja = {{linktext|新|門|路|一|街}} | rr = Sinmunno il ga | mr = Sinmunno il ka | divs = | map = |mapcaption = }} '''Sinmunno 1-ga''' is a ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'', neebourheid o [[Jongno-gu]] in [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]]. It is a legal dong (법정동 {{linktext|法|定|洞}}) admeenistered unner its admeenistrative dong (행정동 {{linktext|行|政|洞}}), [[Sajik-dong, Seoul|Sajik-dong]].<ref name="encyber">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=763377&contentno=763377|title=신문로 (Sinmunno 新門路一街)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-23|language=Korean|archive-date=2013-01-02|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102105015/http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=763377&contentno=763377|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Kumho Asiana Group]] is heidquairtered at the Kumho Asiana Main Tower in Sinmunno 1-ga.<ref>"[http://www.kumhoasiana.co.kr/kumho_en/servlet/html?pgm_id=KUMHO000071 Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701135740/http://www.kumhoasiana.com/kumho_en/servlet/html |date=2019-07-01 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.kumhoasiana.com/kumho_en/servlet/html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701135740/http://www.kumhoasiana.com/kumho_en/servlet/html |archive-date=2019-07-01 |url-status=bot: unknown}}." ''Kumho Asiana Group''. Retrieved on November 26, 2008.</ref> ==Attraction== *[[Seoul Museum o History]]<ref>CNN Go [http://www.cnngo.com/seoul/play/seouls-best-museums-060516 Seoul's best museums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928105016/http://www.cnngo.com/seoul/play/seouls-best-museums-060516 |date=2012-09-28 }} 27 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-04</ref> == See an aw == *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]] ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=139888&contentno=139888|title=종로구 (Jongno-gu 鍾路區)|publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia|accessdate=2008-04-22|language=Korean|archive-date=2012-12-04|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121204161724/http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=139888&contentno=139888|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web |url=http://www2.guro.go.kr/site/gu/page.jsp?code=guf040100010 |title=Chronicle of Beopjeong-dong and Haengjeong-dong |publisher=[[Guro-gu]] Official website |language=Korean |access-date=2014-06-20 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120702/http://www2.guro.go.kr/site/gu/page.jsp?code=guf040100010 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.mapo.go.kr/Design/html_cms/e_ward/03_office_dong_law.jsp |title=Mapo Information |work=The chart of Beopjeong-dong assigned by Haengjeong-dong (행정동별 관할 법정동 일람표) |publisher=[[Mapo-gu]] Official website |language=Korean |access-date=2014-06-20 |archive-date=2007-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105043941/http://www.mapo.go.kr/Design/html_cms/e_ward/03_office_dong_law.jsp |url-status=dead }} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.jongno.go.kr/english/index.jsp Jongno-gu Offeecial steid in Inglis] *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/index.jsp Jongno-gu Offeecial steid] *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/page?pageId=550302150 Status quo o Jongno-gu bi admeenistrative dong]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427054105/http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/page?pageId=550302150 |date=2005-04-27 }} *{{ko}} [http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/dong/index.jsp?dp=3 Sajik-dong Resident office]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113050819/http://www.jongno.go.kr/wcms4/dong/index.jsp?dp=3 |date=2006-11-13 }} {{Jongno-gu}} {{coord missing|Sooth Korea}} [[Category:Neebourheids o Jongno-gu]] clczajpb9dswitweqs4h00k8u9294sm 0 79094 923732 891028 2026-09-29T14:57:48Z Makenzis 43742 923732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Betis | image = | fullname = Real Betis Balompié, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]] | nickname = ''Béticos'' (Betis) <br>''Betis Guadalquivir'' <br>''Béticos del Universo'' (Universe of Betis) <br> ''Los Verdiblancos'' (The Green-an-Whites)<br> ''Verderones''<br> ''Heliopolitanos'' (Heliopolitan)<ref>http://www.estadiodeportivo.com/betis.php?id=32602&pg=26 {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130410185033/http://www.estadiodeportivo.com/betis.php?id=32602&pg=26 |date=2013-04-10 }}</ref> | founded = {{Start date and age|12 September 1907}} | ground = [[Estadio Benito Villamarín|Benito Villamarín]] | capacity = 60,720<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/9366/ramon-alarcon-va-a-quedar-un-estadio-benito-villamarin-del-siglo-XXI|title=New features for Benito Villamarín Stadium|website=www.realbetisbalompie.es|language=en|access-date=2017-06-29|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804174056/http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/9366/ramon-alarcon-va-a-quedar-un-estadio-benito-villamarin-del-siglo-XXI|archivedate=2017-08-04|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804174056/http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/9366/ramon-alarcon-va-a-quedar-un-estadio-benito-villamarin-del-siglo-XXI |date=2017-08-04 }}</ref> | chairman = Ángel Haro | manager = [[Manuel Pellegrini]] | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 5th |pattern_la1 = |pattern_b1 = _betis2324h |pattern_ra1 = |pattern_sh1 = _betis2324h |pattern_so1 = _betis2324hl |leftarm1 = FFFFFF |body1 = FFFFFF |rightarm1 = FFFFFF |shorts1 = FFFFFF |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _betis2324a |pattern_b2 = _betis2324a |pattern_ra2 = _betis2324a |pattern_sh2 = _betis2324a |pattern_so2 = _betis2324al |leftarm2 = 009B00 |body2 = 009B00 |rightarm2 = 009B00 |shorts2 = 009B00 |socks2 = 009B00 |pattern_la3 = _betis2324t |pattern_b3 = _betis2324t |pattern_ra3 = _betis2324t |pattern_sh3 = _betis2324t |pattern_so3 = _betis2324tl |leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 | website = http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/ }} '''Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D.''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Betis''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal ˈβetis|pron}}), is a [[:en:List of football clubs in Spain|Spainyie fitbaw club]] based in [[Seville]], in the autonomous commonty o [[Andalusie]]. Foondit on 12 September 1907, it currently plays in [[Segunda División]], hauldin hame gemmes at ''[[Estadio Benito Villamarín]]'' in the sooth o the ceety. Amang ither titles, the club – which in 1932 became the first Andalusie team tae play in [[La Liga]] – wan the Primera División in [[1934–35 La Liga|1935]] an the [[Copa del Rey]] in 1977 an 2005. Betis haes a [[Seville derby|rivalry]] wi [[Sevilla FC]], its motto is ''Viva el Betis manque pierda!'' ("Lang live Betis even when they luise!").<ref name="BETIS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=109997.html|title=Real Betis, 100 years of passion|publisher=FIFA.com|date=18 January 2007|accessdate=26 April 2011|archive-date=2012-08-06|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69hxMYE9a?url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=109997.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Honours== ===Offeecial=== *[[La Liga]] **'''Winner (1):''' [[1934–35 La Liga|1934–35]] *[[Copa del Rey]] **'''Winner (2):''' [[1976–77 Copa del Rey|1976–77]], [[2004–05 Copa del Rey|2004–05]] **'''Runner-up (2):''' [[1931 Copa del Rey|1931]], [[1996–97 Copa del Rey|1996–97]] *[[Copa de la Liga]] **'''Runner-up (1):''' 1985–86 *[[Supercopa de España]] **'''Runner-up (1):''' [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]] *[[Segunda División]] **'''Winner (6):''' [[1931–32 Segunda División|1931–32]], [[1941–42 Segunda División|1941–42]], [[1957–58 Segunda División|1957–58]], [[1970–71 Segunda División|1970–71]], [[1973–74 Segunda División|1973–74]], [[2010–11 Segunda División|2010–11]] **'''Runner-up (5):''' [[1955–56 Segunda División|1955–56]], [[1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[1989–90 Segunda División|1989–90]], [[1993–94 Segunda División|1993–94]], [[2000–01 Segunda División|2000-01]] *[[Tercera División]] **'''Winner (1):''' [[1953–54 Tercera División|1953–54]] *[[:es:Copa de Andalucía|Copa de Andalucia]] ''(defunct)'' **'''Winner (1):''' 1927-28 **'''Runner-up (13):''' 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1938–39, 1939–40 ===Friendly=== *[[Iberian Cup|Iberian Supercup]]: Runner-up 1935, 2005 *[[Ramón de Carranza Trophy|Ramón de Carranza]]: 1964, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007 *[[Trofeo Colombino]]: 1968, 1983, 1995, 2009 *[[Guadiana Trophy]]: 2004 ===Individual=== ====Pichichi Trophy==== *[[Hipólito Rincón]] ([[1982–83 La Liga|1982–83]]) ====Zamora Trophy==== *Joaquín Urquiaga ([[1934–35 La Liga|1934–35]]) *[[Pedro Luis Jaro|Pedro Jaro]] ([[1994–95 La Liga|1994–95]]) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Real Betis}} *[http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{es icon}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=477 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e8.html BDFutbol team profile] [[Category:Segunda División]] [[Category:Real Betis| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Andalusie]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1907]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage|Betis]] [[Category:1907 establishments in Spain]] spwsiywxpda0795zvtel36prblk9slc 923773 923732 2026-09-30T00:19:33Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Betis | fullname = Real Betis Balompié, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]] | nickname = ''Béticos'' (Betis) <br>''Betis Guadalquivir'' <br>''Béticos del Universo'' (Universe of Betis) <br> ''Los Verdiblancos'' (The Green-an-Whites)<br> ''Verderones''<br> ''Heliopolitanos'' (Heliopolitan)<ref>http://www.estadiodeportivo.com/betis.php?id=32602&pg=26 {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130410185033/http://www.estadiodeportivo.com/betis.php?id=32602&pg=26 |date=2013-04-10 }}</ref> | founded = {{Start date and age|12 September 1907}} | ground = [[Estadio Benito Villamarín|Benito Villamarín]] | capacity = 60,720<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/9366/ramon-alarcon-va-a-quedar-un-estadio-benito-villamarin-del-siglo-XXI|title=New features for Benito Villamarín Stadium|website=www.realbetisbalompie.es|language=en|access-date=2017-06-29|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804174056/http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/9366/ramon-alarcon-va-a-quedar-un-estadio-benito-villamarin-del-siglo-XXI|archivedate=2017-08-04|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804174056/http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/9366/ramon-alarcon-va-a-quedar-un-estadio-benito-villamarin-del-siglo-XXI |date=2017-08-04 }}</ref> | chairman = Ángel Haro | manager = [[Manuel Pellegrini]] | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 5th |pattern_b1 = _betis2324h |pattern_sh1 = _betis2324h |pattern_so1 = _betis2324hl |leftarm1 = FFFFFF |body1 = FFFFFF |rightarm1 = FFFFFF |shorts1 = FFFFFF |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _betis2324a |pattern_b2 = _betis2324a |pattern_ra2 = _betis2324a |pattern_sh2 = _betis2324a |pattern_so2 = _betis2324al |leftarm2 = 009B00 |body2 = 009B00 |rightarm2 = 009B00 |shorts2 = 009B00 |socks2 = 009B00 |pattern_la3 = _betis2324t |pattern_b3 = _betis2324t |pattern_ra3 = _betis2324t |pattern_sh3 = _betis2324t |pattern_so3 = _betis2324tl |leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 | website = http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/ }} '''Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D.''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Betis''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal ˈβetis|pron}}), is a [[:en:List of football clubs in Spain|Spainyie fitbaw club]] based in [[Seville]], in the autonomous commonty o [[Andalusie]]. Foondit on 12 September 1907, it currently plays in [[Segunda División]], hauldin hame gemmes at ''[[Estadio Benito Villamarín]]'' in the sooth o the ceety. Amang ither titles, the club – which in 1932 became the first Andalusie team tae play in [[La Liga]] – wan the Primera División in [[1934–35 La Liga|1935]] an the [[Copa del Rey]] in 1977 an 2005. Betis haes a [[Seville derby|rivalry]] wi [[Sevilla FC]], its motto is ''Viva el Betis manque pierda!'' ("Lang live Betis even when they luise!").<ref name="BETIS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=109997.html|title=Real Betis, 100 years of passion|publisher=FIFA.com|date=18 January 2007|accessdate=26 April 2011|archive-date=2012-08-06|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69hxMYE9a?url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=109997.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Honours== ===Offeecial=== *[[La Liga]] **'''Winner (1):''' [[1934–35 La Liga|1934–35]] *[[Copa del Rey]] **'''Winner (2):''' [[1976–77 Copa del Rey|1976–77]], [[2004–05 Copa del Rey|2004–05]] **'''Runner-up (2):''' [[1931 Copa del Rey|1931]], [[1996–97 Copa del Rey|1996–97]] *[[Copa de la Liga]] **'''Runner-up (1):''' 1985–86 *[[Supercopa de España]] **'''Runner-up (1):''' [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]] *[[Segunda División]] **'''Winner (6):''' [[1931–32 Segunda División|1931–32]], [[1941–42 Segunda División|1941–42]], [[1957–58 Segunda División|1957–58]], [[1970–71 Segunda División|1970–71]], [[1973–74 Segunda División|1973–74]], [[2010–11 Segunda División|2010–11]] **'''Runner-up (5):''' [[1955–56 Segunda División|1955–56]], [[1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[1989–90 Segunda División|1989–90]], [[1993–94 Segunda División|1993–94]], [[2000–01 Segunda División|2000-01]] *[[Tercera División]] **'''Winner (1):''' [[1953–54 Tercera División|1953–54]] *[[:es:Copa de Andalucía|Copa de Andalucia]] ''(defunct)'' **'''Winner (1):''' 1927-28 **'''Runner-up (13):''' 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1938–39, 1939–40 ===Friendly=== *[[Iberian Cup|Iberian Supercup]]: Runner-up 1935, 2005 *[[Ramón de Carranza Trophy|Ramón de Carranza]]: 1964, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007 *[[Trofeo Colombino]]: 1968, 1983, 1995, 2009 *[[Guadiana Trophy]]: 2004 ===Individual=== ====Pichichi Trophy==== *[[Hipólito Rincón]] ([[1982–83 La Liga|1982–83]]) ====Zamora Trophy==== *Joaquín Urquiaga ([[1934–35 La Liga|1934–35]]) *[[Pedro Luis Jaro|Pedro Jaro]] ([[1994–95 La Liga|1994–95]]) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Real Betis}} *[http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{es icon}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=477 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e8.html BDFutbol team profile] [[Category:Segunda División]] [[Category:Real Betis| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Andalusie]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1907]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage|Betis]] [[Category:1907 establishments in Spain]] hai4jgxk95bvhaxhptj1ryy7ee54ded 0 79318 923719 901730 2026-09-29T12:53:04Z Makenzis 43742 923719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Valencia | current = 2014–15 Valencia CF season | image = Valenciacf.svg | image_size = 175px | fullname = Valencia Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''[[:en:Che (Spanish)|Los Che]]''<br>''Els Taronges'' (The Oranges)<br> ''Valencianistas'' <br>''Los Murciélagos'' (The Bats) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1919|3|18}} | ground = [[Mestalla Stadium|Mestalla]] | capacity = 55,000 | owner = [[Peter Lim]] | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = Anil Murthy | manager = ? | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 9th | pattern_la1 = _valencia2425h | pattern_b1 = _valencia2425h | pattern_ra1 = _valencia2425h | pattern_sh1 = _valencia2425h | leftarm1 = 000000 | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = 000000 | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _valencia2425h | pattern_b2 = _valencia2425a | pattern_ra2 = _valencia2425h | pattern_sh2 = _valencia2425h | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = _valencia2425t | pattern_b3 = _valencia2425t | pattern_ra3 = _valencia2425t | pattern_sh3 = _valencia2425t | leftarm3 = FC8228 | body3 = FC8228 | rightarm3 = FC8228 | shorts3 = 47785A | socks3 = 47785A | website = http://www.valenciacf.com/ }} '''Valencia Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|baˈlenθja ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol|lang}}, {{lang-va|València Club de Futbol}} {{IPA-ca|vaˈlensia ˈklub de fubˈbɔɫ|}};<ref>[http://www.valenciacf.com/va/ElClub/ClubHistoria.html Valencia CF history in Valencian (named València CF in article)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127091803/http://www.valenciacf.com/va/ElClub/ClubHistoria.html |date=2011-11-27 }},</ref> kent as '''Valencia CF''', '''Valencia''' or '''''Los Che''''' an aw) are a Spaingie [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] [[fitbaw team|club]] based in [[Valencia]]. They play in [[La Liga]] an are ane o the maist successful an biggest clubs in [[Fitbaw in Spain|Spaingie fitbaw]] an [[European fitbaw records|European fitbaw]]. Valencia hae wan sax La Liga titles, seiven [[Copa del Rey]] trophies, twa [[Fairs Cup]]s (which wis the predecessor tae the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]), ane UEFA Cup, ane [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], an twa [[UEFA Super Cup]]s. They reached twa [[UEFA Champions League]] feenals in a row an aw, luisin tae La Liga rivals [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] in [[2000 UEFA Champions League Final|2000]] an then tae German club [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] on [[Penalty shuitoot (association fitbaw)|penalties]] efter a 1–1 [[:en:draw (tie)|draw]] in [[:en;2001 UEFA Champions League Final|2001]]. Valencia wur an aa members o the [[G-14]] group o leadin [[Europe]]an fitbaw clubs. In total, Valencia hae reached seiven major European feenals, winnin fower o thaim. In the [[:en:All-Time La Liga table|aw-time La Liga table]], Valencia is in third position ahint Real Madrid an FC Barcelona. In terms o continental titles, Valencia is again the third-maist successful ahint the twa. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== *'''[[La Liga|La Liga (Primera División)]]''' :'''Winners (6):''' [[:en:1941–42 La Liga|1941–42]], [[:en:1943–44 La Liga|1943–44]], [[:en:1946–47 La Liga|1946–47]], [[:en:1970–71 La Liga|1970–71]], [[:en:2001–02 La Liga|2001–02]], [[:en:2003–04 La Liga|2003–04]] :''Runners-up (6):'' [[:en:La Liga 1947–48|1947–48]], [[:en:La Liga 1948–49|1948–49]], [[:en:La Liga 1952–53|1952–53]], [[:en:La Liga 1971–72|1971–72]], [[:en:La Liga 1989–90|1989–90]], [[:en:La Liga 1995–96|1995–96]] *'''[[Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey (Spaingie Cup)]]''' :'''Winners (8):''' [[:en:1941 Copa del Generalísimo|1941]], [[:en:1948–49 Copa del Generalísimo|1949]], [[:en:1954 Copa del Generalísimo|1954]], [[:en:1966–67 Copa del Generalísimo|1967]], [[:en:1978–79 Copa del Rey|1979]], [[:en:1998–99 Copa del Rey|1999]], [[:en:2007–08 Copa del Rey|2008]], [[:en:2018–19 Copa del Rey|2019]] :''Runners-up (10):'' [[:en:1934 Copa del Presidente de la República|1934]], [[:en:Copa de la España Libre|1937]], [[:en:1944 Copa del Generalísimo|1944]], [[:en:1944–45 Copa del Generalísimo|1945]], [[:en:1946 Copa del Generalísimo|1946]], [[:en:1952 Copa del Generalísimo|1952]], [[:en:1969–70 Copa del Generalísimo|1970]], [[:en:1970–71 Copa del Generalísimo|1971]], [[:en:1971–72 Copa del Generalísimo|1972]], [[:en:1994–95 Copa del Rey|1995]] *'''[[Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España (Spaingie SuperCup)]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1999 Supercopa de España|1999]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:2002 Supercopa de España|2002]], [[:en:2004 Supercopa de España|2004]], [[:en:2008 Supercopa de España|2008]] *'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' (Predecessor tae the Supercopa de España) :'''Winners (1):''' 1949 :''Runners-up (1):'' 1947 ===Major European competeetions=== *'''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:UEFA Champions League 1999–00|1999–00]], [[:en:UEFA Champions League 2000–01|2000–01]] *'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1979-80|1979–80]] *'''[[UEFA Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:UEFA Cup 2003–04|2003–04]] *'''[[Fairs Cup]]''' (Predecessor tae the UEFA Cup) :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1961-62|1961–62]], [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1962-63|1962–63]] :''Runners-up (1):'' [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1963-64|1963–64]] *'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980 European Super Cup|1980]], [[:en:2004 UEFA Super Cup|2004]] *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:UEFA Intertoto Cup 1998|1998]] :''Runners-up (1):'' [[:en;2005 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2005]] ==References== {{reflist|30em}} {{Primera División de España}} {{G14}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Valencia}} [[Category:Valencia CF]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Valencia]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1919]] [[Category:1919 establishments in Spain]] rcmmyjtmry0r9ct2rgksb2ea13yrv41 923768 923719 2026-09-30T00:16:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Valencia | current = 2014–15 Valencia CF season | image = Valenciacf.svg | image_size = 175px | fullname = Valencia Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''[[:en:Che (Spanish)|Los Che]]''<br>''Els Taronges'' (The Oranges)<br> ''Valencianistas'' <br>''Los Murciélagos'' (The Bats) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1919|3|18}} | ground = [[Mestalla Stadium|Mestalla]] | capacity = 55,000 | owner = [[Peter Lim]] | chrtitle = Preses | chairman = Anil Murthy | manager = ? | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 9th | pattern_la1 = _valencia2425h | pattern_b1 = _valencia2425h | pattern_ra1 = _valencia2425h | pattern_sh1 = _valencia2425h | leftarm1 = 000000 | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = 000000 | shorts1 = 000000 | socks1 = 000000 | pattern_la2 = _valencia2425h | pattern_b2 = _valencia2425a | pattern_ra2 = _valencia2425h | pattern_sh2 = _valencia2425h | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = _valencia2425t | pattern_b3 = _valencia2425t | pattern_ra3 = _valencia2425t | pattern_sh3 = _valencia2425t | leftarm3 = FC8228 | body3 = FC8228 | rightarm3 = FC8228 | shorts3 = 47785A | socks3 = 47785A | website = http://www.valenciacf.com/ }} '''Valencia Club de Fútbol''' ({{IPA-es|baˈlenθja ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol|lang}}, {{lang-va|València Club de Futbol}} {{IPA-ca|vaˈlensia ˈklub de fubˈbɔɫ|}};<ref>[http://www.valenciacf.com/va/ElClub/ClubHistoria.html Valencia CF history in Valencian (named València CF in article)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127091803/http://www.valenciacf.com/va/ElClub/ClubHistoria.html |date=2011-11-27 }},</ref> kent as '''Valencia CF''', '''Valencia''' or '''''Los Che''''' an aw) are a Spaingie [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] [[fitbaw team|club]] based in [[Valencia]]. They play in [[La Liga]] an are ane o the maist successful an biggest clubs in [[Fitbaw in Spain|Spaingie fitbaw]] an [[European fitbaw records|European fitbaw]]. Valencia hae wan sax La Liga titles, seiven [[Copa del Rey]] trophies, twa [[Fairs Cup]]s (which wis the predecessor tae the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]), ane UEFA Cup, ane [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], an twa [[UEFA Super Cup]]s. They reached twa [[UEFA Champions League]] feenals in a row an aw, luisin tae La Liga rivals [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] in [[2000 UEFA Champions League Final|2000]] an then tae German club [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] on [[Penalty shuitoot (association fitbaw)|penalties]] efter a 1–1 [[:en:draw (tie)|draw]] in [[:en;2001 UEFA Champions League Final|2001]]. Valencia wur an aa members o the [[G-14]] group o leadin [[Europe]]an fitbaw clubs. In total, Valencia hae reached seiven major European feenals, winnin fower o thaim. In the [[:en:All-Time La Liga table|aw-time La Liga table]], Valencia is in third position ahint Real Madrid an FC Barcelona. In terms o continental titles, Valencia is again the third-maist successful ahint the twa. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== *'''[[La Liga|La Liga (Primera División)]]''' :'''Winners (6):''' [[:en:1941–42 La Liga|1941–42]], [[:en:1943–44 La Liga|1943–44]], [[:en:1946–47 La Liga|1946–47]], [[:en:1970–71 La Liga|1970–71]], [[:en:2001–02 La Liga|2001–02]], [[:en:2003–04 La Liga|2003–04]] :''Runners-up (6):'' [[:en:La Liga 1947–48|1947–48]], [[:en:La Liga 1948–49|1948–49]], [[:en:La Liga 1952–53|1952–53]], [[:en:La Liga 1971–72|1971–72]], [[:en:La Liga 1989–90|1989–90]], [[:en:La Liga 1995–96|1995–96]] *'''[[Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey (Spaingie Cup)]]''' :'''Winners (8):''' [[:en:1941 Copa del Generalísimo|1941]], [[:en:1948–49 Copa del Generalísimo|1949]], [[:en:1954 Copa del Generalísimo|1954]], [[:en:1966–67 Copa del Generalísimo|1967]], [[:en:1978–79 Copa del Rey|1979]], [[:en:1998–99 Copa del Rey|1999]], [[:en:2007–08 Copa del Rey|2008]], [[:en:2018–19 Copa del Rey|2019]] :''Runners-up (10):'' [[:en:1934 Copa del Presidente de la República|1934]], [[:en:Copa de la España Libre|1937]], [[:en:1944 Copa del Generalísimo|1944]], [[:en:1944–45 Copa del Generalísimo|1945]], [[:en:1946 Copa del Generalísimo|1946]], [[:en:1952 Copa del Generalísimo|1952]], [[:en:1969–70 Copa del Generalísimo|1970]], [[:en:1970–71 Copa del Generalísimo|1971]], [[:en:1971–72 Copa del Generalísimo|1972]], [[:en:1994–95 Copa del Rey|1995]] *'''[[Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España (Spaingie SuperCup)]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1999 Supercopa de España|1999]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:2002 Supercopa de España|2002]], [[:en:2004 Supercopa de España|2004]], [[:en:2008 Supercopa de España|2008]] *'''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' (Predecessor tae the Supercopa de España) :'''Winners (1):''' 1949 :''Runners-up (1):'' 1947 ===Major European competeetions=== *'''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:UEFA Champions League 1999–00|1999–00]], [[:en:UEFA Champions League 2000–01|2000–01]] *'''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1979-80|1979–80]] *'''[[UEFA Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:UEFA Cup 2003–04|2003–04]] *'''[[Fairs Cup]]''' (Predecessor tae the UEFA Cup) :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1961-62|1961–62]], [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1962-63|1962–63]] :''Runners-up (1):'' [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1963-64|1963–64]] *'''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980 European Super Cup|1980]], [[:en:2004 UEFA Super Cup|2004]] *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:UEFA Intertoto Cup 1998|1998]] :''Runners-up (1):'' [[:en;2005 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2005]] ==References== {{reflist|30em}} {{Primera División de España}} {{G14}} {{UEFA Europa League winners}} {{UEFA Super Cup winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Valencia}} [[Category:Valencia CF]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Valencia]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:G-14 clubs]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1919]] [[Category:1919 establishments in Spain]] 75bomyhtic61afzkkd4c5dvb6b7nvwl 0 79335 923723 883231 2026-09-29T13:38:20Z Makenzis 43742 923723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Rayo Vallecano | current = 2014–15 Rayo Vallecano season | image = | fullname = Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Los Franjirrojos'' (The Reid Sashes) <br>''Los Vallecanos'' (The Vallecas) | founded = {{Start date and age|1924}} | ground = [[Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas]],<br> [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] | capacity = 14,708 | opened = 1976 | chairman = Raúl Martín Presa | manager = [[Francisco (fitbawer, born 1978)|Francisco]] | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 8th | website = http://www.rayovallecano.es | pattern_la1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_b1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_ra1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_sh1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_so1 = _rayo2223h | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_b2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_ra2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_sh2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_so2 = _rayo2223a | leftarm2 = FF0000 | body2 = FF0000 | rightarm2 = FF0000 | shorts2 = FF0000 | socks2 = FF0000 | pattern_la3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_b3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_ra3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_sh3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_so3 = _rayo2223t | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, S.A.D.''' ({{IPA-es|ˈraʝo βaʎeˈkano ðe maˈðɾið}}), aften abbreviatit tae '''Rayo''', is a [[Leet o fitbaw clubs in Spain|Spaingie fitbaw team]] based in [[Madrid]], in the neebourheid o [[Vallecas]]. Foondit on 29 Mey 1924 it currently plays in {{Spanish football updater|Rayo Vallecano}}, hauldin hame matches at the 14,708-seater ''[[Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas]]''. ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Rayo Vallecano}} *[http://www.rayovallecano.es Offeecial wabsteid] {{es icon}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/index_equipo.asp?id_equipo=461 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e5.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://www.rayoherald.com Rayo Herald – Updated club info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616114202/http://www.rayoherald.com/ |date=2020-06-16 }} {{es icon}} {{Primera División de España}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:Rayo Vallecano| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1924]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:1924 establishments in Spain]] 2phhgp595kx1pribsb5jv6e6s0qm437 923770 923723 2026-09-30T00:17:17Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Rayo Vallecano | current = 2014–15 Rayo Vallecano season | fullname = Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Los Franjirrojos'' (The Reid Sashes) <br>''Los Vallecanos'' (The Vallecas) | founded = {{Start date and age|1924}} | ground = [[Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas]],<br> [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] | capacity = 14,708 | opened = 1976 | chairman = Raúl Martín Presa | manager = [[Francisco (fitbawer, born 1978)|Francisco]] | league = La Liga | season = 2025–26 | position = 8th | website = http://www.rayovallecano.es | pattern_la1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_b1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_ra1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_sh1 = _rayo2223h | pattern_so1 = _rayo2223h | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_b2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_ra2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_sh2 = _rayo2223a | pattern_so2 = _rayo2223a | leftarm2 = FF0000 | body2 = FF0000 | rightarm2 = FF0000 | shorts2 = FF0000 | socks2 = FF0000 | pattern_la3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_b3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_ra3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_sh3 = _rayo2223t | pattern_so3 = _rayo2223t | leftarm3 = 000000 | body3 = 000000 | rightarm3 = 000000 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, S.A.D.''' ({{IPA-es|ˈraʝo βaʎeˈkano ðe maˈðɾið}}), aften abbreviatit tae '''Rayo''', is a [[Leet o fitbaw clubs in Spain|Spaingie fitbaw team]] based in [[Madrid]], in the neebourheid o [[Vallecas]]. Foondit on 29 Mey 1924 it currently plays in {{Spanish football updater|Rayo Vallecano}}, hauldin hame matches at the 14,708-seater ''[[Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas]]''. ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|Rayo Vallecano}} *[http://www.rayovallecano.es Offeecial wabsteid] {{es icon}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/index_equipo.asp?id_equipo=461 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e5.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://www.rayoherald.com Rayo Herald – Updated club info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616114202/http://www.rayoherald.com/ |date=2020-06-16 }} {{es icon}} {{Primera División de España}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Madrid]] [[Category:Rayo Vallecano| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1924]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:1924 establishments in Spain]] 1jd2g8zu7nyyevu7pxkpu11g7dy0f0t 0 79337 923806 923238 2026-09-30T07:16:59Z Makenzis 43742 923806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club |clubname = Villarreal |image = |caption = |fullname = Villarreal Club de Fútbol S.A.D. |nickname = ''El Submarino Amarillo'' <br> (The Yellae Submarine) |shortname = VCF |founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1923|3|10}} |ground = [[Estadio El Madrigal|El Madrigal]]<br>[[Villarreal]]<br>[[Valencian Community]]<br>Spain |capacity = 24,890 |owntitle = |owner = |chrtitle = Chairman |chairman = Fernando Roig Alfonso |mgrtitle = Heid Coach |manager = [[Quique Setién]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025–26 | position = 10th | website = http://www.villarrealcf.es | pattern_la1 =_villarreal2324h | pattern_b1 =_villarreal2324h | pattern_ra1 =_villarreal2324h | pattern_sh1 = | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFFF00 | body1 = FFFF00 | rightarm1 = FFFF00 | shorts1 = FFFF01 | socks1 = FFFF01 |pattern_la2 = _villarreal2324a |pattern_b2 = _villarreal2324a |pattern_ra2 = _villarreal2324a |pattern_sh2 = |pattern_so2 = |leftarm2 = |body2 = |rightarm2 = |shorts2 = 860638 |socks2 = 860638 |pattern_la3 = _villarreal2324t |pattern_b3 = _villarreal2324t |pattern_ra3 = _villarreal2324t |pattern_sh3 = |pattern_so3 = |leftarm3 = |body3 = |rightarm3 = |shorts3 = bab9b7 |socks3 = bab9b7 }} '''Villarreal Club de Fútbol, S.A.D.''' ({{lang-va|Vila-real Club de Futbol, S.A.D.}}), uisually abbreviatit tae '''Villarreal CF''' or just '''Villarreal''', is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Vila-real]], a ceety in the [[province o Castellón]] athin the [[Valencie Commonty]]. Foondit in 1923, it plays in {{Spanish football updater|Villarreal}}, hauldin hame gemmes at [[El Madrigal]], wi a capacity for 24,890 spectators.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/79/1676379_DOWNLOAD.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-08-04 |archive-date=2015-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620231303/http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/79/1676379_DOWNLOAD.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> The club is elk-namit ''El Submarí Groguet'' or ''El Submarino Amarillo'' (Yellae Submarine) due tae its yellae hame kit, an due tae bein a law-profile team compared tae [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]], [[FC Barcelona]], an [[Valencia CF]], whom they hae challengit for trophies ower the last decade. Villarreal haes aften been toutit as a example o smaw but successful club.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/villarreal-relegated-in-dramatic-finale-to-la-liga-7745699.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-08-04 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080259/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/villarreal-relegated-in-dramatic-finale-to-la-liga-7745699.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Honours== ===Domestic=== *'''[[La Liga]]''' **''Runners-up (1):'' [[:en:2007–08 La Liga|2007-08]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' **''Promotion (3):'' [[:en:1997–98 Segunda División|1998]], [[:en:1999–2000 Segunda División|2000]], [[:en:2012–13 Segunda División|2013]] *'''[[Segunda División B]]''' **''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1987–88 Segunda División B|1988]], [[:en:1991–92 Segunda División B|1992]] *'''[[Tercera División]]''' **''Winners (1):'' 1970 ===European=== *'''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' **''Semi-feenalists (1):'' [[:en:2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2006]] *'''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League]]''' **''Semi-feenalists (2):'' [[:en:2003–04 UEFA Cup|2004]], [[:en:2010–11 UEFA Europa League|2011]] *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' **''Winners (2):'' [[:en:2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2003]], [[:en:2004 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2004]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category}} *{{official website|http://www.villarrealcf.es}} {{es icon}} {{ca icon}} {{en icon}} *[http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=20&language=en-GB Villarreal at La Liga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614063418/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=20&language=en-GB |date=2012-06-14 }} {{es icon}} {{en icon}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=483 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e38.html BDFutbol team profile] {{Primera División de España}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villarreal}} [[Category:Villarreal CF| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Valencie Commonty]] [[Category:1923 establishments in Spain]] 32lre2cqgk0v5l5w4er1wmhi9qf6rr1 923809 923806 2026-09-30T10:48:21Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club |clubname = Villarreal |fullname = Villarreal Club de Fútbol S.A.D. |nickname = ''El Submarino Amarillo'' <br> (The Yellae Submarine) |shortname = VCF |founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1923|3|10}} |ground = [[Estadio El Madrigal|El Madrigal]]<br>[[Villarreal]]<br>[[Valencian Community]]<br>Spain |capacity = 24,890 |chrtitle = Chairman |chairman = Fernando Roig Alfonso |mgrtitle = Heid Coach |manager = [[Quique Setién]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025–26 | position = 10th | website = http://www.villarrealcf.es | pattern_la1 =_villarreal2324h | pattern_b1 =_villarreal2324h | pattern_ra1 =_villarreal2324h | leftarm1 = FFFF00 | body1 = FFFF00 | rightarm1 = FFFF00 | shorts1 = FFFF01 | socks1 = FFFF01 |pattern_la2 = _villarreal2324a |pattern_b2 = _villarreal2324a |pattern_ra2 = _villarreal2324a |shorts2 = 860638 |socks2 = 860638 |pattern_la3 = _villarreal2324t |pattern_b3 = _villarreal2324t |pattern_ra3 = _villarreal2324t |shorts3 = bab9b7 |socks3 = bab9b7 }} '''Villarreal Club de Fútbol, S.A.D.''' ({{lang-va|Vila-real Club de Futbol, S.A.D.}}), uisually abbreviatit tae '''Villarreal CF''' or just '''Villarreal''', is a Spaingie [[fitbaw]] club based in [[Vila-real]], a ceety in the [[province o Castellón]] athin the [[Valencie Commonty]]. Foondit in 1923, it plays in {{Spanish football updater|Villarreal}}, hauldin hame gemmes at [[El Madrigal]], wi a capacity for 24,890 spectators.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/79/1676379_DOWNLOAD.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-08-04 |archive-date=2015-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620231303/http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/79/1676379_DOWNLOAD.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> The club is elk-namit ''El Submarí Groguet'' or ''El Submarino Amarillo'' (Yellae Submarine) due tae its yellae hame kit, an due tae bein a law-profile team compared tae [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]], [[FC Barcelona]], an [[Valencia CF]], whom they hae challengit for trophies ower the last decade. Villarreal haes aften been toutit as a example o smaw but successful club.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/villarreal-relegated-in-dramatic-finale-to-la-liga-7745699.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-08-04 |archive-date=2014-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080259/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/villarreal-relegated-in-dramatic-finale-to-la-liga-7745699.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Honours== ===Domestic=== *'''[[La Liga]]''' **''Runners-up (1):'' [[:en:2007–08 La Liga|2007-08]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' **''Promotion (3):'' [[:en:1997–98 Segunda División|1998]], [[:en:1999–2000 Segunda División|2000]], [[:en:2012–13 Segunda División|2013]] *'''[[Segunda División B]]''' **''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1987–88 Segunda División B|1988]], [[:en:1991–92 Segunda División B|1992]] *'''[[Tercera División]]''' **''Winners (1):'' 1970 ===European=== *'''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' **''Semi-feenalists (1):'' [[:en:2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2006]] *'''[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League]]''' **''Semi-feenalists (2):'' [[:en:2003–04 UEFA Cup|2004]], [[:en:2010–11 UEFA Europa League|2011]] *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' **''Winners (2):'' [[:en:2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2003]], [[:en:2004 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2004]] ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category}} *{{official website|http://www.villarrealcf.es}} {{es icon}} {{ca icon}} {{en icon}} *[http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=20&language=en-GB Villarreal at La Liga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614063418/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=20&language=en-GB |date=2012-06-14 }} {{es icon}} {{en icon}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=483 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e38.html BDFutbol team profile] {{Primera División de España}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villarreal}} [[Category:Villarreal CF| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Valencie Commonty]] [[Category:1923 establishments in Spain]] b3pff2n49vg6khi4ti04l7zureu0370 0 79409 923714 872410 2026-09-29T12:26:17Z Makenzis 43742 /* Freemit airtins */ [deid airtin] 923714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|C.D. Real Sociedad}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Sociedad | image = Real Sociedad logo.svg | fullname = Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Txuriurdin'' (White and Blue) <br>''Erreala'' / ''La Real'' (The Ryals) | founded = {{Start date and age|7 September 1909}} | ground = [[Anoeta Stadium|Anoeta]] | capacity = 39,500 | chairman = [[:es:Jokin Aperribay|Jokin Aperribay]] | manager = [[Imanol Alguacil]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2022–23 La Liga|2022–23]] | position = La Liga, 9t | website = http://www.realsociedad.com/Home/Index/spa | current = 2022–23 Real Sociedad saison |pattern_la1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_b1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_ra1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_sh1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_so1 = _realsociedad2223H |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_b2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_ra2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_sh2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_so2 = _realsociedad2223a |socks2 = 282828 }} '''Real Sociedad de Fútbol, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Sociedad''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal soθjeˈðað|pron}}) an '''La Real''', is a Spainyie fitbaw club based in the ceety o [[San Sebastián]], [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], foondit on 7 September 1909. Its hame stadium is ''[[Estádio Anoeta|Anoeta]]'', which seats 32,200 spectators. Real Sociedad wan the La Liga title in [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]] an [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]], an last feenished runners-up in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]]. The club play the [[Basque derby]] against [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Real Sociedad wur foonder members o [[La Liga]] in 1928, an thair langest spell in the tap flicht wis for 40 saisons frae 1967 tae 2007.<ref>http://free-elements.com/Spain/Goals/Res/Res5.html</ref> Real Sociedad haes several sports sections an aw: [[:en:Real Sociedad (women)|weemen's fitbaw]], [[track an field]], [[field hockey]] an [[basque pelota]]. ==Honours== *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]], [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[:en:1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1909 Copa del Rey|1909]], [[:en:1986–87 Copa del Rey|1986–87]] :''Runners-up (5):'' [[:en:1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[:en:1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[:en:1928 Copa del Rey|1928]], [[:en:1951 Copa del Rey|1951]], [[:en:1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]] *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1982 Supercopa de España|1982]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1948–49 Segunda División|1948–49]], [[:en:1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[:en:2009–10 Segunda División|2009–10]] :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1940–41 Segunda División|1940–41]], [[:en:1942–43 Segunda División|1942–43]] ==See an aw== * [[Real Sociedad B]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{official website|http://www.realsociedad.com}} *[http://inbedwithmaradona.com/journal/2011/4/12/thirteen-months-of-obstinacy.html Thirteen Months Of Obstinacy – Real Sociedad's 38 game unbeaten run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526193225/http://inbedwithmaradona.com/journal/2011/4/12/thirteen-months-of-obstinacy.html |date=2012-05-26 }} *[http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=32&language=en-GB Real Sociedad at La Liga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614063111/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=32&language=en-GB |date=2012-06-14 }} {{es icon}} {{en icon}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=521 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e30.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/02/san-sebastian-anoeta.html Estadios de Espana] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Sociedad}} [[Category:Real Sociedad| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Basque Kintra]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Sports teams in San Sebastián]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1909]] [[Category:1909 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] pynjxk2pv92u32oaw9l96ps5qshpiu0 923715 923714 2026-09-29T12:26:27Z Makenzis 43742 /* Freemit airtins */ [deid airtin] 923715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|C.D. Real Sociedad}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Sociedad | image = Real Sociedad logo.svg | fullname = Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Txuriurdin'' (White and Blue) <br>''Erreala'' / ''La Real'' (The Ryals) | founded = {{Start date and age|7 September 1909}} | ground = [[Anoeta Stadium|Anoeta]] | capacity = 39,500 | chairman = [[:es:Jokin Aperribay|Jokin Aperribay]] | manager = [[Imanol Alguacil]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2022–23 La Liga|2022–23]] | position = La Liga, 9t | website = http://www.realsociedad.com/Home/Index/spa | current = 2022–23 Real Sociedad saison |pattern_la1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_b1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_ra1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_sh1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_so1 = _realsociedad2223H |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_b2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_ra2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_sh2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_so2 = _realsociedad2223a |socks2 = 282828 }} '''Real Sociedad de Fútbol, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Sociedad''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal soθjeˈðað|pron}}) an '''La Real''', is a Spainyie fitbaw club based in the ceety o [[San Sebastián]], [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], foondit on 7 September 1909. Its hame stadium is ''[[Estádio Anoeta|Anoeta]]'', which seats 32,200 spectators. Real Sociedad wan the La Liga title in [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]] an [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]], an last feenished runners-up in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]]. The club play the [[Basque derby]] against [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Real Sociedad wur foonder members o [[La Liga]] in 1928, an thair langest spell in the tap flicht wis for 40 saisons frae 1967 tae 2007.<ref>http://free-elements.com/Spain/Goals/Res/Res5.html</ref> Real Sociedad haes several sports sections an aw: [[:en:Real Sociedad (women)|weemen's fitbaw]], [[track an field]], [[field hockey]] an [[basque pelota]]. ==Honours== *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]], [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[:en:1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1909 Copa del Rey|1909]], [[:en:1986–87 Copa del Rey|1986–87]] :''Runners-up (5):'' [[:en:1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[:en:1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[:en:1928 Copa del Rey|1928]], [[:en:1951 Copa del Rey|1951]], [[:en:1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]] *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1982 Supercopa de España|1982]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1948–49 Segunda División|1948–49]], [[:en:1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[:en:2009–10 Segunda División|2009–10]] :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1940–41 Segunda División|1940–41]], [[:en:1942–43 Segunda División|1942–43]] ==See an aw== * [[Real Sociedad B]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{official website|http://www.realsociedad.com}} *[http://inbedwithmaradona.com/journal/2011/4/12/thirteen-months-of-obstinacy.html Thirteen Months Of Obstinacy – Real Sociedad's 38 game unbeaten run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526193225/http://inbedwithmaradona.com/journal/2011/4/12/thirteen-months-of-obstinacy.html |date=2012-05-26 }} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=521 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e30.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/02/san-sebastian-anoeta.html Estadios de Espana] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Sociedad}} [[Category:Real Sociedad| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Basque Kintra]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Sports teams in San Sebastián]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1909]] [[Category:1909 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] ajhgtcl3zvkwad1ztmcmbpcyinjh8vl 923716 923715 2026-09-29T12:26:39Z Makenzis 43742 /* Freemit airtins */ [deid airtin] 923716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|C.D. Real Sociedad}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Sociedad | image = Real Sociedad logo.svg | fullname = Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Txuriurdin'' (White and Blue) <br>''Erreala'' / ''La Real'' (The Ryals) | founded = {{Start date and age|7 September 1909}} | ground = [[Anoeta Stadium|Anoeta]] | capacity = 39,500 | chairman = [[:es:Jokin Aperribay|Jokin Aperribay]] | manager = [[Imanol Alguacil]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[2022–23 La Liga|2022–23]] | position = La Liga, 9t | website = http://www.realsociedad.com/Home/Index/spa | current = 2022–23 Real Sociedad saison |pattern_la1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_b1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_ra1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_sh1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_so1 = _realsociedad2223H |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_b2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_ra2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_sh2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_so2 = _realsociedad2223a |socks2 = 282828 }} '''Real Sociedad de Fútbol, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Sociedad''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal soθjeˈðað|pron}}) an '''La Real''', is a Spainyie fitbaw club based in the ceety o [[San Sebastián]], [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], foondit on 7 September 1909. Its hame stadium is ''[[Estádio Anoeta|Anoeta]]'', which seats 32,200 spectators. Real Sociedad wan the La Liga title in [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]] an [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]], an last feenished runners-up in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]]. The club play the [[Basque derby]] against [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Real Sociedad wur foonder members o [[La Liga]] in 1928, an thair langest spell in the tap flicht wis for 40 saisons frae 1967 tae 2007.<ref>http://free-elements.com/Spain/Goals/Res/Res5.html</ref> Real Sociedad haes several sports sections an aw: [[:en:Real Sociedad (women)|weemen's fitbaw]], [[track an field]], [[field hockey]] an [[basque pelota]]. ==Honours== *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]], [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[:en:1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1909 Copa del Rey|1909]], [[:en:1986–87 Copa del Rey|1986–87]] :''Runners-up (5):'' [[:en:1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[:en:1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[:en:1928 Copa del Rey|1928]], [[:en:1951 Copa del Rey|1951]], [[:en:1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]] *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1982 Supercopa de España|1982]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1948–49 Segunda División|1948–49]], [[:en:1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[:en:2009–10 Segunda División|2009–10]] :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1940–41 Segunda División|1940–41]], [[:en:1942–43 Segunda División|1942–43]] ==See an aw== * [[Real Sociedad B]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{official website|http://www.realsociedad.com}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=521 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e30.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/02/san-sebastian-anoeta.html Estadios de Espana] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Sociedad}} [[Category:Real Sociedad| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Basque Kintra]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Sports teams in San Sebastián]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1909]] [[Category:1909 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] 8d3rxalfm59kx8dg5x3g3b43c3ulv2d 923717 923716 2026-09-29T12:27:00Z Makenzis 43742 923717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|C.D. Real Sociedad}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Sociedad | image = Real Sociedad logo.svg | fullname = Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Txuriurdin'' (White and Blue) <br>''Erreala'' / ''La Real'' (The Ryals) | founded = {{Start date and age|7 September 1909}} | ground = [[Anoeta Stadium|Anoeta]] | capacity = 39,500 | chairman = [[:es:Jokin Aperribay|Jokin Aperribay]] | manager = [[Imanol Alguacil]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025–26 | position = La Liga, 6t | website = http://www.realsociedad.com/Home/Index/spa |pattern_la1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_b1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_ra1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_sh1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_so1 = _realsociedad2223H |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_b2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_ra2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_sh2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_so2 = _realsociedad2223a |socks2 = 282828 }} '''Real Sociedad de Fútbol, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Sociedad''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal soθjeˈðað|pron}}) an '''La Real''', is a Spainyie fitbaw club based in the ceety o [[San Sebastián]], [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], foondit on 7 September 1909. Its hame stadium is ''[[Estádio Anoeta|Anoeta]]'', which seats 32,200 spectators. Real Sociedad wan the La Liga title in [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]] an [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]], an last feenished runners-up in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]]. The club play the [[Basque derby]] against [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Real Sociedad wur foonder members o [[La Liga]] in 1928, an thair langest spell in the tap flicht wis for 40 saisons frae 1967 tae 2007.<ref>http://free-elements.com/Spain/Goals/Res/Res5.html</ref> Real Sociedad haes several sports sections an aw: [[:en:Real Sociedad (women)|weemen's fitbaw]], [[track an field]], [[field hockey]] an [[basque pelota]]. ==Honours== *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]], [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[:en:1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1909 Copa del Rey|1909]], [[:en:1986–87 Copa del Rey|1986–87]] :''Runners-up (5):'' [[:en:1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[:en:1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[:en:1928 Copa del Rey|1928]], [[:en:1951 Copa del Rey|1951]], [[:en:1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]] *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1982 Supercopa de España|1982]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1948–49 Segunda División|1948–49]], [[:en:1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[:en:2009–10 Segunda División|2009–10]] :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1940–41 Segunda División|1940–41]], [[:en:1942–43 Segunda División|1942–43]] ==See an aw== * [[Real Sociedad B]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{official website|http://www.realsociedad.com}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=521 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e30.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/02/san-sebastian-anoeta.html Estadios de Espana] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Sociedad}} [[Category:Real Sociedad| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Basque Kintra]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Sports teams in San Sebastián]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1909]] [[Category:1909 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] 6e6ud30oll7nm6dzpzvfk80agim8zx9 923718 923717 2026-09-29T12:28:42Z Makenzis 43742 923718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|C.D. Real Sociedad}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Real Sociedad | image = Real Sociedad logo.svg | fullname = Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Txuriurdin'' (White and Blue) <br>''Erreala'' / ''La Real'' (The Ryals) | founded = {{Start date and age|7 September 1909}} | ground = [[Anoeta Stadium|Anoeta]] | capacity = 39,500 | chairman = [[:es:Jokin Aperribay|Jokin Aperribay]] | manager = [[Imanol Alguacil]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025–26 | position = La Liga, 10th | website = http://www.realsociedad.com/Home/Index/spa |pattern_la1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_b1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_ra1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_sh1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_so1 = _realsociedad2223H |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_b2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_ra2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_sh2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_so2 = _realsociedad2223a |socks2 = 282828 }} '''Real Sociedad de Fútbol, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Sociedad''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal soθjeˈðað|pron}}) an '''La Real''', is a Spainyie fitbaw club based in the ceety o [[San Sebastián]], [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], foondit on 7 September 1909. Its hame stadium is ''[[Estádio Anoeta|Anoeta]]'', which seats 32,200 spectators. Real Sociedad wan the La Liga title in [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]] an [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]], an last feenished runners-up in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]]. The club play the [[Basque derby]] against [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Real Sociedad wur foonder members o [[La Liga]] in 1928, an thair langest spell in the tap flicht wis for 40 saisons frae 1967 tae 2007.<ref>http://free-elements.com/Spain/Goals/Res/Res5.html</ref> Real Sociedad haes several sports sections an aw: [[:en:Real Sociedad (women)|weemen's fitbaw]], [[track an field]], [[field hockey]] an [[basque pelota]]. ==Honours== *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]], [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[:en:1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1909 Copa del Rey|1909]], [[:en:1986–87 Copa del Rey|1986–87]] :''Runners-up (5):'' [[:en:1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[:en:1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[:en:1928 Copa del Rey|1928]], [[:en:1951 Copa del Rey|1951]], [[:en:1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]] *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1982 Supercopa de España|1982]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1948–49 Segunda División|1948–49]], [[:en:1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[:en:2009–10 Segunda División|2009–10]] :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1940–41 Segunda División|1940–41]], [[:en:1942–43 Segunda División|1942–43]] ==See an aw== * [[Real Sociedad B]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{official website|http://www.realsociedad.com}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=521 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e30.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/02/san-sebastian-anoeta.html Estadios de Espana] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Sociedad}} [[Category:Real Sociedad| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Basque Kintra]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Sports teams in San Sebastián]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1909]] [[Category:1909 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] sq2ay2wi9s0idow6apj4dwki5koc4ja 923767 923718 2026-09-30T00:15:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|C.D. Real Sociedad}} {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Real Sociedad | image = Real Sociedad logo.svg | fullname = Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D. | nickname = ''Txuriurdin'' (White and Blue) <br>''Erreala'' / ''La Real'' (The Ryals) | founded = {{Start date and age|7 September 1909}} | ground = [[Anoeta Stadium|Anoeta]] | capacity = 39,500 | chairman = [[:es:Jokin Aperribay|Jokin Aperribay]] | manager = [[Imanol Alguacil]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025–26 | position = La Liga, 10th | website = http://www.realsociedad.com/Home/Index/spa |pattern_la1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_b1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_ra1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_sh1 = _realsociedad2223H |pattern_so1 = _realsociedad2223H |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_b2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_ra2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_sh2 = _realsociedad2223a |pattern_so2 = _realsociedad2223a |socks2 = 282828 }} '''Real Sociedad de Fútbol, [[Sociedad Anónima Deportiva|SAD]]''', mair commonly referred tae as '''Real Sociedad''' ({{IPA-es|reˈal soθjeˈðað|pron}}) an '''La Real''', is a Spainyie fitbaw club based in the ceety o [[San Sebastián]], [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], foondit on 7 September 1909. Its hame stadium is ''[[Estádio Anoeta|Anoeta]]'', which seats 32,200 spectators. Real Sociedad wan the La Liga title in [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]] an [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]], an last feenished runners-up in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]]. The club play the [[Basque derby]] against [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Real Sociedad wur foonder members o [[La Liga]] in 1928, an thair langest spell in the tap flicht wis for 40 saisons frae 1967 tae 2007.<ref>http://free-elements.com/Spain/Goals/Res/Res5.html</ref> Real Sociedad haes several sports sections an aw: [[:en:Real Sociedad (women)|weemen's fitbaw]], [[track an field]], [[field hockey]] an [[basque pelota]]. ==Honours== *'''[[La Liga]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1980–81 La Liga|1980–81]], [[:en:1981–82 La Liga|1981–82]] :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1979–80 La Liga|1979–80]], [[:en:1987–88 La Liga|1987–88]], [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' [[:en:1909 Copa del Rey|1909]], [[:en:1986–87 Copa del Rey|1986–87]] :''Runners-up (5):'' [[:en:1910 Copa del Rey|1910]], [[:en:1913 Copa del Rey|1913]], [[:en:1928 Copa del Rey|1928]], [[:en:1951 Copa del Rey|1951]], [[:en:1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]] *'''[[Supercopa de España]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:1982 Supercopa de España|1982]] *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1948–49 Segunda División|1948–49]], [[:en:1966–67 Segunda División|1966–67]], [[:en:2009–10 Segunda División|2009–10]] :''Runners-up (2):'' [[:en:1940–41 Segunda División|1940–41]], [[:en:1942–43 Segunda División|1942–43]] ==See an aw== * [[Real Sociedad B]] ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{official website|http://www.realsociedad.com}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=521 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e30.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/02/san-sebastian-anoeta.html Estadios de Espana] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Real Sociedad}} [[Category:Real Sociedad| ]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in the Basque Kintra]] [[Category:Copa del Rey winners]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Sports teams in San Sebastián]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1909]] [[Category:1909 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Spain]] 0ltsksghz2mq485pkcqkyr5ac9ron8i 0 79414 923729 891826 2026-09-29T14:29:29Z Makenzis 43742 923729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}} {{infobox football club | clubname = Celta de Vigo | image = | caption = | fullname = {{nowrap|Real Club Celta de Vigo, S.A.D.}} | nickname = ''Os Célticos'' (The Celts/Celtics)<br />''Os Celestes'' (The Sky Blues)<br />''O Celtiña'' (The Little Celta) | motto = | shortname = | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1923|08|23}} | ground = [[Balaídos]]<br /> [[Vigo]], [[Spain]] | capacity = 29,000 | owner = | chairman = [[Carlos Mouriño]]{{Ref|1|1}} | chrtitle = Preses | mgrtitle = Heid Coach | manager = | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025-26 | position = 6th | pattern_la1=| pattern_b1=_celta1819h| pattern_ra1=| pattern_sh1=| pattern_so1= | leftarm1=AADDFF| body1=AADDFF| rightarm1=AADDFF| shorts1=ffffff| socks1=AADDFF | pattern_la2=_celta1819a| pattern_b2=_celta1819a| pattern_ra2=_celta1819a| pattern_sh2=| pattern_so2= | leftarm2=550099| body2=550099| rightarm2=550099| shorts2=550099| socks2=550099 | current = 2018–19 Celta de Vigo saison | website = http://www.rccelta.es }} '''Real Club Celta de Vigo''' ({{IPA-gl|reˈal ˈkluβ ˈθelta ðe ˈβiɣo}}), or simply '''Celta Vigo''', is a Spainyie profeesional [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Vigo]], Galicie, currently playin in the [[La Liga|Primera División]]. It wis foondit on 23 August 1923 follaein the merger o [[Real Vigo Sporting]] an [[Real Fortuna Foot-ball Club]]. Elk-namit ''Os Celestes'' (The Sky Blues), they play in sky blue shirts an white shorts. The club's hame stadium is [[Balaídos]], which seats 29.000 spectators.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gunther Lades |url=http://www.fussballtempel.net/uefa/ESP.html |title=Stadium profile at |publisher=Fussballtempel.net |date= |accessdate=2012-03-24}}</ref> Celta Vigo hae played mony saisons in [[La Liga]], but hae niver wan a league title or the [[Copa del Rey]]. Ane o their best saisons wis 1970–71, when they feenished unbeaten at hame an wur kent as the "giant-killers." Celta came saxt that saison an qualifeed for the [[UEFA Cup]] for the first time. Mair recently, the club feenished in their best-iver poseetion o fowert in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]], qualifeein for the [[2003–04 UEFA Champions League]], whaur they wur eliminatit bi [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. ==Celta Vigo B== [[Celta de Vigo B]] is Celta's youth team. It wis foondit in 1996 an plays in the ''[[Tercera División]]''. ==Honours== ===Naitional titles=== *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1935–36 Segunda División|1935–36]], [[:en:1981–82 Segunda División|1981–82]], [[:en:1991–92 Segunda División|1991–92]] :''Runners-up (4):'' [[:en:1968–69 Segunda División|1968–69]], [[:en:1975–76 Segunda División|1975–76]], [[:en:2004–05 Segunda División|2004–05]], [[:en:2011–12 Segunda División|2011–12]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1947–48 Copa del Generalísimo|1947–48]], [[:en:1993–94 Copa del Rey|1993–94]], [[:en:2000–01 Copa del Rey|2000–01]] ===European titles=== *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2000]] ===Regional titles=== *'''[[Campeonato de Galicia|Galicie Championship]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/span-galiciachamp.html |title=Spain – List of Champions of Galicia |publisher=Rsssf.com |date=30 July 2004 |accessdate=2012-03-24}}</ref> :'''Winners (6):''' 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26, 1929–30, 1931–32, 1933–34 *'''Asturian-Galician Championship''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1934–35 *'''[[Copa Galiza|Galician Cup]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' 2007, 2008 ===Youth titles=== *'''[[Copa de Campeones Juvenil de Fútbol|Champions' Cup]]''' :''Runners-up (2):'' 2008–09, 2012–13 ===Friendly=== *'''[[Trofeo Ciudad de Vigo]]''' :'''Winners (22):''' 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012 *'''[[Trofeo Memorial Quinocho]]''' :'''Winners (16):''' 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 *'''[[Teresa Herrera Trophy]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1999 *'''Trofeo Xacobeo''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1999 ===Individual=== *'''[[Pichichi Trophy|Pichichi]] (1)''' :1947–48 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pahiño]] (23 goals) *'''[[Ricardo Zamora Trophy|Zamora]] (3)''' :1992–93 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Santiago Cañizares]] (30 Goals/36 Games – Coef. 0.83) :2002–03 – {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Pablo Oscar Cavallero|Pablo Cavallero]] (27 Goals/34 Gemmes – Coef. 0.79) :2005–06 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[José Manuel Pinto Colorado|José Manuel Pinto]] (28 Goals/36 Gemmes – Coef. 0.78) ==Notes== :1.{{Note|1}} Carlos Mouriño is the plurality shareholder, with 35%, and as such is the club president. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|RC Celta de Vigo}} {{Portal|Association football|Spain|Galicia}} *[http://www.celtavigo.net Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026162844/http://www.celtavigo.net/ |date=2012-10-26 }} *{{YouTube|channel=RealClubCeltadeVigo|Real Club Celta}} *[http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=30&language=en-GB Celta at La Liga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614063813/http://www.lfp.es/Default.aspx?tabid=78&IDParam=30&language=en-GB |date=2012-06-14 }} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=522 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e11.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/11/vigo-estadio-balaidos.html Estadios de Espana] *[http://www.soccerway.com/teams/spain/real-club-celta-de-vigo/ Soccerway team profile] {{La Liga teamlist}} [[Category:Celta de Vigo| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Galicie (Spain)]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:1923 establishments in Spain]] gj06m84kfa4heyobmzhd7fkxatykl57 923730 923729 2026-09-29T14:29:46Z Makenzis 43742 /* Freemit airtins */ 923730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}} {{infobox football club | clubname = Celta de Vigo | image = | caption = | fullname = {{nowrap|Real Club Celta de Vigo, S.A.D.}} | nickname = ''Os Célticos'' (The Celts/Celtics)<br />''Os Celestes'' (The Sky Blues)<br />''O Celtiña'' (The Little Celta) | motto = | shortname = | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1923|08|23}} | ground = [[Balaídos]]<br /> [[Vigo]], [[Spain]] | capacity = 29,000 | owner = | chairman = [[Carlos Mouriño]]{{Ref|1|1}} | chrtitle = Preses | mgrtitle = Heid Coach | manager = | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025-26 | position = 6th | pattern_la1=| pattern_b1=_celta1819h| pattern_ra1=| pattern_sh1=| pattern_so1= | leftarm1=AADDFF| body1=AADDFF| rightarm1=AADDFF| shorts1=ffffff| socks1=AADDFF | pattern_la2=_celta1819a| pattern_b2=_celta1819a| pattern_ra2=_celta1819a| pattern_sh2=| pattern_so2= | leftarm2=550099| body2=550099| rightarm2=550099| shorts2=550099| socks2=550099 | current = 2018–19 Celta de Vigo saison | website = http://www.rccelta.es }} '''Real Club Celta de Vigo''' ({{IPA-gl|reˈal ˈkluβ ˈθelta ðe ˈβiɣo}}), or simply '''Celta Vigo''', is a Spainyie profeesional [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Vigo]], Galicie, currently playin in the [[La Liga|Primera División]]. It wis foondit on 23 August 1923 follaein the merger o [[Real Vigo Sporting]] an [[Real Fortuna Foot-ball Club]]. Elk-namit ''Os Celestes'' (The Sky Blues), they play in sky blue shirts an white shorts. The club's hame stadium is [[Balaídos]], which seats 29.000 spectators.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gunther Lades |url=http://www.fussballtempel.net/uefa/ESP.html |title=Stadium profile at |publisher=Fussballtempel.net |date= |accessdate=2012-03-24}}</ref> Celta Vigo hae played mony saisons in [[La Liga]], but hae niver wan a league title or the [[Copa del Rey]]. Ane o their best saisons wis 1970–71, when they feenished unbeaten at hame an wur kent as the "giant-killers." Celta came saxt that saison an qualifeed for the [[UEFA Cup]] for the first time. Mair recently, the club feenished in their best-iver poseetion o fowert in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]], qualifeein for the [[2003–04 UEFA Champions League]], whaur they wur eliminatit bi [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. ==Celta Vigo B== [[Celta de Vigo B]] is Celta's youth team. It wis foondit in 1996 an plays in the ''[[Tercera División]]''. ==Honours== ===Naitional titles=== *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1935–36 Segunda División|1935–36]], [[:en:1981–82 Segunda División|1981–82]], [[:en:1991–92 Segunda División|1991–92]] :''Runners-up (4):'' [[:en:1968–69 Segunda División|1968–69]], [[:en:1975–76 Segunda División|1975–76]], [[:en:2004–05 Segunda División|2004–05]], [[:en:2011–12 Segunda División|2011–12]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1947–48 Copa del Generalísimo|1947–48]], [[:en:1993–94 Copa del Rey|1993–94]], [[:en:2000–01 Copa del Rey|2000–01]] ===European titles=== *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2000]] ===Regional titles=== *'''[[Campeonato de Galicia|Galicie Championship]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/span-galiciachamp.html |title=Spain – List of Champions of Galicia |publisher=Rsssf.com |date=30 July 2004 |accessdate=2012-03-24}}</ref> :'''Winners (6):''' 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26, 1929–30, 1931–32, 1933–34 *'''Asturian-Galician Championship''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1934–35 *'''[[Copa Galiza|Galician Cup]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' 2007, 2008 ===Youth titles=== *'''[[Copa de Campeones Juvenil de Fútbol|Champions' Cup]]''' :''Runners-up (2):'' 2008–09, 2012–13 ===Friendly=== *'''[[Trofeo Ciudad de Vigo]]''' :'''Winners (22):''' 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012 *'''[[Trofeo Memorial Quinocho]]''' :'''Winners (16):''' 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 *'''[[Teresa Herrera Trophy]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1999 *'''Trofeo Xacobeo''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1999 ===Individual=== *'''[[Pichichi Trophy|Pichichi]] (1)''' :1947–48 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pahiño]] (23 goals) *'''[[Ricardo Zamora Trophy|Zamora]] (3)''' :1992–93 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Santiago Cañizares]] (30 Goals/36 Games – Coef. 0.83) :2002–03 – {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Pablo Oscar Cavallero|Pablo Cavallero]] (27 Goals/34 Gemmes – Coef. 0.79) :2005–06 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[José Manuel Pinto Colorado|José Manuel Pinto]] (28 Goals/36 Gemmes – Coef. 0.78) ==Notes== :1.{{Note|1}} Carlos Mouriño is the plurality shareholder, with 35%, and as such is the club president. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|RC Celta de Vigo}} {{Portal|Association football|Spain|Galicia}} *[http://www.celtavigo.net Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026162844/http://www.celtavigo.net/ |date=2012-10-26 }} *{{YouTube|channel=RealClubCeltadeVigo|Real Club Celta}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=522 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e11.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/11/vigo-estadio-balaidos.html Estadios de Espana] *[http://www.soccerway.com/teams/spain/real-club-celta-de-vigo/ Soccerway team profile] {{La Liga teamlist}} [[Category:Celta de Vigo| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Galicie (Spain)]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:1923 establishments in Spain]] b1h88plhlpipbaob2yj4gbncon2jrkg 923772 923730 2026-09-30T00:18:46Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}} {{infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Celta de Vigo | fullname = {{nowrap|Real Club Celta de Vigo, S.A.D.}} | nickname = ''Os Célticos'' (The Celts/Celtics)<br />''Os Celestes'' (The Sky Blues)<br />''O Celtiña'' (The Little Celta) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1923|08|23}} | ground = [[Balaídos]]<br /> [[Vigo]], [[Spain]] | capacity = 29,000 | chairman = [[Carlos Mouriño]]{{Ref|1|1}} | chrtitle = Preses | mgrtitle = Heid Coach | league = [[La Liga]] | season = 2025-26 | position = 6th | pattern_la1=| pattern_b1=_celta1819h| pattern_ra1=| pattern_sh1=| pattern_so1= | leftarm1=AADDFF| body1=AADDFF| rightarm1=AADDFF| shorts1=ffffff| socks1=AADDFF | pattern_la2=_celta1819a| pattern_b2=_celta1819a| pattern_ra2=_celta1819a| pattern_sh2=| pattern_so2= | leftarm2=550099| body2=550099| rightarm2=550099| shorts2=550099| socks2=550099 | current = 2018–19 Celta de Vigo saison | website = http://www.rccelta.es }} '''Real Club Celta de Vigo''' ({{IPA-gl|reˈal ˈkluβ ˈθelta ðe ˈβiɣo}}), or simply '''Celta Vigo''', is a Spainyie profeesional [[Association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Vigo]], Galicie, currently playin in the [[La Liga|Primera División]]. It wis foondit on 23 August 1923 follaein the merger o [[Real Vigo Sporting]] an [[Real Fortuna Foot-ball Club]]. Elk-namit ''Os Celestes'' (The Sky Blues), they play in sky blue shirts an white shorts. The club's hame stadium is [[Balaídos]], which seats 29.000 spectators.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gunther Lades |url=http://www.fussballtempel.net/uefa/ESP.html |title=Stadium profile at |publisher=Fussballtempel.net |date= |accessdate=2012-03-24}}</ref> Celta Vigo hae played mony saisons in [[La Liga]], but hae niver wan a league title or the [[Copa del Rey]]. Ane o their best saisons wis 1970–71, when they feenished unbeaten at hame an wur kent as the "giant-killers." Celta came saxt that saison an qualifeed for the [[UEFA Cup]] for the first time. Mair recently, the club feenished in their best-iver poseetion o fowert in [[:en:2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]], qualifeein for the [[2003–04 UEFA Champions League]], whaur they wur eliminatit bi [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. ==Celta Vigo B== [[Celta de Vigo B]] is Celta's youth team. It wis foondit in 1996 an plays in the ''[[Tercera División]]''. ==Honours== ===Naitional titles=== *'''[[Segunda División]]''' :'''Winners (3):''' [[:en:1935–36 Segunda División|1935–36]], [[:en:1981–82 Segunda División|1981–82]], [[:en:1991–92 Segunda División|1991–92]] :''Runners-up (4):'' [[:en:1968–69 Segunda División|1968–69]], [[:en:1975–76 Segunda División|1975–76]], [[:en:2004–05 Segunda División|2004–05]], [[:en:2011–12 Segunda División|2011–12]] *'''[[Copa del Rey]]''' :''Runners-up (3):'' [[:en:1947–48 Copa del Generalísimo|1947–48]], [[:en:1993–94 Copa del Rey|1993–94]], [[:en:2000–01 Copa del Rey|2000–01]] ===European titles=== *'''[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' [[:en:2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2000]] ===Regional titles=== *'''[[Campeonato de Galicia|Galicie Championship]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/span-galiciachamp.html |title=Spain – List of Champions of Galicia |publisher=Rsssf.com |date=30 July 2004 |accessdate=2012-03-24}}</ref> :'''Winners (6):''' 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26, 1929–30, 1931–32, 1933–34 *'''Asturian-Galician Championship''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1934–35 *'''[[Copa Galiza|Galician Cup]]''' :'''Winners (2):''' 2007, 2008 ===Youth titles=== *'''[[Copa de Campeones Juvenil de Fútbol|Champions' Cup]]''' :''Runners-up (2):'' 2008–09, 2012–13 ===Friendly=== *'''[[Trofeo Ciudad de Vigo]]''' :'''Winners (22):''' 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012 *'''[[Trofeo Memorial Quinocho]]''' :'''Winners (16):''' 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 *'''[[Teresa Herrera Trophy]]''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1999 *'''Trofeo Xacobeo''' :'''Winners (1):''' 1999 ===Individual=== *'''[[Pichichi Trophy|Pichichi]] (1)''' :1947–48 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pahiño]] (23 goals) *'''[[Ricardo Zamora Trophy|Zamora]] (3)''' :1992–93 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Santiago Cañizares]] (30 Goals/36 Games – Coef. 0.83) :2002–03 – {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Pablo Oscar Cavallero|Pablo Cavallero]] (27 Goals/34 Gemmes – Coef. 0.79) :2005–06 – {{flagicon|Spain}} [[José Manuel Pinto Colorado|José Manuel Pinto]] (28 Goals/36 Gemmes – Coef. 0.78) ==Notes== :1.{{Note|1}} Carlos Mouriño is the plurality shareholder, with 35%, and as such is the club president. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category|RC Celta de Vigo}} {{Portal|Association football|Spain|Galicia}} *[http://www.celtavigo.net Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026162844/http://www.celtavigo.net/ |date=2012-10-26 }} *{{YouTube|channel=RealClubCeltadeVigo|Real Club Celta}} *[http://www.futbolme.com/com/equipo.asp?id_equipo=522 Futbolme team profile] {{es icon}} *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/e/e11.html BDFutbol team profile] *[http://estadiosdeespana.blogspot.com/2011/11/vigo-estadio-balaidos.html Estadios de Espana] *[http://www.soccerway.com/teams/spain/real-club-celta-de-vigo/ Soccerway team profile] {{La Liga teamlist}} [[Category:Celta de Vigo| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1923]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Spain]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Galicie (Spain)]] [[Category:Organisations based in Spain wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:La Liga clubs]] [[Category:1923 establishments in Spain]] 2hkmo1dmqbcms7gyw7k00rcsnpfkdma 0 85315 923804 923585 2026-09-30T07:00:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Örebro |image_skyline = Orebro slott 2010.JPG |image_caption = [[Örebro Castle]] |image_shield = Örebro kommunvapen - Riksarkivet Sverige.png |pushpin_map = Sweden |pushpin_label_position = top |subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] |subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Örebro Municipality]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Coonties o Sweden|Coonty]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Örebro Coonty]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Närke]] |established_title3 = [[Stad (Swaden)|Charter]] |established_date3 = 1404 |area_footnotes = <ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |title=Localities 2010, area, population and density in localities 2005 and 2010 and change in area and population |date=29 May 2012 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Cyepq9RP?url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01Z/01_Localities2010_land_area_pop_density_2005_2010.xls |archivedate=2012-12-17 |deadurl=no |access-date=2014-12-06 |url-status=live }}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 49.27 |area_metro_km2 = 1380.11 |population_as_of = 31 December 2010 |population_footnotes = <ref name=scb /> |population_total = 140599 |population_metro = 140295 |population_density_km2 = 2172 |population_demonym = Örebroare |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coordinates = {{coord|59|16|26|N|15|12|27|E|region:SE|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 701 xx, 703 xx |area_code = (+46) 19 |elevation_m = 34 |website = {{URL|http://www.orebro.se/}} }} '''Örebro''' {{IPA-sv|œrəˈbruː|}} is a [[Stad (Swaden)|ceety]], the seat o [[Örebro Municipality]] an the caipital o [[Örebro Coonty]] in [[Swaden]] wi 140,599 indwallers in 2013.<ref name=scb /> ==Twin touns - Sister ceeties== {{See also|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Swaden}} Örebro is [[toun twinnin|twinned]] wi <ref name="Vänorter">''Vänorter - http://www.orebr {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727165113/http://www.orebro.se/2444.html |date=2009-07-27 }}o.se/2444.html'' {{Cite web |url=http://www.orebro.se/2444.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727165113/http://www.orebro.se/2444.html |archive-date=2009-07-27 |url-status=dead}}:</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Łódź]], [[Poland]], syne 2001<ref name="Łódź twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624211727/http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka/|title=Miasta partnerskie - Urząd Miasta Łodzi|accessdate=2013-07-21|archivedate=2013-06-24|work=City of Łódź|language=pl|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-12-06 |archive-date=2013-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624211727/http://www.uml.lodz.pl/samorzad/miasta_partnerskie_lodzi/tabelka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Drammen]], [[Norawa]] *{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kolding]], [[Denmark]] *{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Lappeenranta]], [[Finland]] || *{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Stykkishólmur]], [[Iceland]] *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Yantai]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Terrassa]], [[Spain]] *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]], [[Fraunce]] |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{30 most populous cities of Sweden}} {{50 most populous urban settlements of Scandinavia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Orebro}} [[Category:Örebro| ]] [[Category:Populatit places in Örebro Coonty]] [[Category:Municipal seats o Örebro Coonty]] [[Category:Swadish municipal seats]] 2qb6xuuya1tsktw1zv33qf2v77wtbvk 0 87876 923740 923462 2026-09-29T16:38:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Manuela Ímaz | image = | imagesize = 250 px | caption = | birth_name = Manuela Eugenia Ímaz Houglín | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Chilpancingo]], [[Guerrero]], [[Mexico]] | death_date = | death_place = | children= Alaya | relatives=Rubén Imaz (cousin) | notable role = | spouse = Arturo Villanueva<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0997107/bio Manuela Ímaz's family]</ref> }} '''Manuela Ímaz''' (born '''Manuela Eugenia Ímaz Houglín''' on June 14, 1979) is a [[Mexican fowk|Mexican]] actress, born in [[Chilpancingo]], [[Guerrero]], [[Mexico]].<ref>[http://www.esmas.com/espectaculos/artistas/361852.html Manuela Imaz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118090810/http://www.esmas.com/espectaculos/artistas/361852.html |date=2006-11-18 }} at [http://www.esmas.com/ Es Mas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516025824/http://www.esmas.com/ |date=2008-05-16 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.esmas.com./ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516025824/http://www.esmas.com./ |archive-date=2008-05-16 |url-status=bot: unknown}} {{es icon}}</ref> == Biografie == Manuela began her airtistic career as a TV host on the [[TeleHit]] channel, whaur she appeared in ''El Planeta de Cabeza'' an ''Zona Pública''. She haed tae wait till 2001 for her first opportunity as a actress, when [[Emilio Larrosa]] askit her tae tak pairt in his [[telenovela]], ''[[Amigas y rivales]]''. Her great performance in the [[melodrama]] demonstratit her actin ability tae Larrosa, who then invitit her tae tak pairt in ''[[Las Vías del Amor]]'' (2002), creditit alangside major actors such as [[Enrique Rocha]] an [[Daniela Romo]]. Efter a break, she resumit her career in ''[[Corazones al límite]]'' (2004), whaur she played Isadora. === Faimily === She haes a dochter namit Alaya, born in 2003. Her cousin is [[film director]] Rubén Ímaz == Filmografie == ===Telenovelas=== *''[[Corazón indomable]]'' (2013)... Alejandra Hernandez *''[[Por Ella Soy Eva]]'' (2012)... Patricia Lorca *''[[rafaela (telenovela)|Rafaela]]'' (2010) ... Arely *''[[Llena de amor]]'' (2010) .... Fabiola *''[[Sortilegio]]'' (2009)... Katia Alanis *''[[Al Diablo con los Guapos]]'' (2008)... Marisela Echevarria *''[[Muchachitas como tú]]'' (2007)... Raquel *''[[Amar Sin Limites]]'' (2006)... Cecilia *''[[Apuesta por un Amor]]'' (2004)... Gracia *''[[Corazones al límite]]'' (2004)... Isadora *''[[Las vías del amor]]'' (2002)... Rosaura *''[[Amigas y Rivales]]'' (2001)... Tamara de la Colina *''[[Camila (telenovela)|Camila]]'' (1998) == Notes == <references/> == Freemit airtins == * {{IMDb name|id=0997107|name=Manuela Ímaz}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Imaz, Manuela}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Mexican telenovela actresses]] [[Category:Mexican televeesion actresses]] [[Category:Fowk frae Chilpancingo]] occho8s9jq8ims4xj0ly1lo91bwmqhe 0 124579 923793 906565 2026-09-30T04:02:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Toulon |image = [[File:Montage Toulon.JPG|300px]] |imgsize = 300px |caption = Tap left:Toulon Opera Hoose, Tap richt:Mayol Stadium (Le Stade du Mayol), 2nt:Panoramic view o dountoun Toulon an its port, 3rd left: Place de la Liberté, 3rd richt: The beaches o Mourillon, Bottom left:The cable car tae Moont Faron, Bottom richt:Fort Saint-Louis |image flag = Flag of Toulon.svg |image coat of arms = Armoiries ville fr Toulon (83).svg |region = Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur |department = Var |arrondissement = Toulon |canton = |INSEE = 83137 |postal code = 83000 |demonym = Toulonnais |mayor = [[Hubert Falco]] |term = 2008–2014 |intercommunality = Toulon Provence Méditerranée |coordinates = {{coord|43.13|5.92|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 1 |elevation min m = 0 |elevation max m = 589 |area km2 = 42.84 |population = 163974 |population date = 2011 }} '''Toulon''' ({{IPA-fr|tu.lɔ̃}}; ''[[Occitan leid|Provençal]]'' [[Occitan]]: ''Tolon'' in clessical norm or ''Touloun'' in Mistralian norm) is a ceety in soothren Fraunce an a muckle militar harbour on the [[Mediterranean]] coast, wi a major French naval base. ==Internaitional relations== ===Twin touns – sister ceeties=== Toulon is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toulon.fr/toulon-pratique/article/jumelages |title=Jumelages: Toulon et ses villes jumelées |publisher=Mairie d'honneur de Toulon |language=French |accessdate=2015-02-15 |archive-date=2015-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215081906/http://www.toulon.fr/toulon-pratique/article/jumelages |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Colbegin}} *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[La Spezia]], Italy, syne 1958 *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Mannheim]], Germany, syne 1958<ref name="Mannheim twinnings">{{cite web|url=https://www.mannheim.de/stadt-gestalten/partnerstaedte-staedtepartnerschaften-partnerstadt|title=Partner und Freundesstädte|accessdate=2013-07-26|work=Stadt Mannheim|language=German|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108234147/https://www.mannheim.de/stadt-gestalten/partnerstaedte-staedtepartnerschaften-partnerstadt|archive-date=2013-11-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Norfolk, Virginie|Norfolk]], Unitit States, syne 1988 *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kronstadt]], Rousie, syne 1996 {{Colend}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Var communes}} [[Category:Toulon| ]] [[Category:Communes o Var (depairtment)]] [[Category:Prefecturs in Fraunce]] pknv3fwkj8j89x57jia3a4jyem8r7x9 0 124958 923747 901219 2026-09-29T18:03:24Z ~2026-52419-09 137961 Fixt typo 923747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox officeholder |name = Scott Walker |image = Governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker 07.jpg |order = [[List of Govrenors of Wisconsin|45th]] [[Govrenor]] o [[Wisconsin]] |lieutenant = [[Rebecca Kleefisch]] |term_start = January 3, 2011 |term_end = January 7, 2019 |predecessor = [[Jim Doyle]] |successor = [[Tony Evers]] |office1 = [[List of Milwaukee County executives|Executive of Milwaukee County]] |term_start1 = April 30, 2002 |term_end1 = December 27, 2010 |predecessor1 = [[Janine P. Geske|Janine Geske]] {{small|(Acting)}} |successor1 = [[Lee Holloway]] {{small|(Acting)}} |state_assembly2 = Wisconsin |district2 = 14th |term_start2 = June 30, 1993 |term_end2 = April 30, 2002 |predecessor2 = [[Peggy Rosenzweig]] |successor2 = [[Leah Vukmir]] |birth_name = Scott Kevin Walker |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|2}} |birth_place = [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Colorado]], U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] |spouse = [[Tonette Walker|Tonette Tarantino]] {{small|(1993–present)}} |children = 2 |residence = [[Wisconsin Governor's Mansion|Governor's Mansion]] |alma_mater = [[Marquette University]] <small>(didna graduate)</small> |religion = [[Nondenominational Christianity|Nondenominational]] [[Evangelicalism]] |website = {{URL|www.scottwalker.com}} |signature=Scott-walker-signature.png}} '''Scott Kevin Walker''' (born November 2, 1967) is an [[Americans|American]] [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] politeecian. He wis the 45th Governor of Wisconsin from 2011 to 2019. {{Stub/USPoliteecian}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Scott}} [[Category:Candidates in the 2016 Unitit States presidential election]] [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Govrenors o Wisconsin]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Colorado]] [[Category:Republican Pairty (Unitit States) politeecians]] [[Category:Wisconsin Republicans]] itq829vrjyu72xx7l54s4ey4ep556ik 923749 923747 2026-09-29T18:24:52Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-52419-09, chynged back tae last version bi Cobra 3000 901219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox officeholder |name = Scott Walker |image = Governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker 07.jpg |order = [[List of Govrenors of Wisconsin|45th]] [[Govrenor]] o [[Wisconsin]] |lieutenant = [[Rebecca Kleefisch]] |term_start = January 3, 2011 |term_end = January 7, 2019 |predecessor = [[Jim Doyle]] |successor = [[Tony Evers]] |office1 = [[List of Milwaukee County executives|Executive of Milwaukee County]] |term_start1 = April 30, 2002 |term_end1 = December 27, 2010 |predecessor1 = [[Janine P. Geske|Janine Geske]] {{small|(Acting)}} |successor1 = [[Lee Holloway]] {{small|(Acting)}} |state_assembly2 = Wisconsin |district2 = 14th |term_start2 = June 30, 1993 |term_end2 = April 30, 2002 |predecessor2 = [[Peggy Rosenzweig]] |successor2 = [[Leah Vukmir]] |birth_name = Scott Kevin Walker |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|2}} |birth_place = [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Colorado]], U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] |spouse = [[Tonette Walker|Tonette Tarantino]] {{small|(1993–present)}} |children = 2 |residence = [[Wisconsin Governor's Mansion|Governor's Mansion]] |alma_mater = [[Marquette University]] <small>(didna graduate)</small> |religion = [[Nondenominational Christianity|Nondenominational]] [[Evangelicalism]] |website = {{URL|www.scottwalker.com}} |signature=Scott-walker-signature.png}} '''Scott Kevin Walker''' (born November 2, 1967) is an [[Americans|American]] [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] politeecian. He wis the 45th Governor o Wisconsin frae 2011 tae 2019. {{Stub/USPoliteecian}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Scott}} [[Category:Candidates in the 2016 Unitit States presidential election]] [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Govrenors o Wisconsin]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Colorado]] [[Category:Republican Pairty (Unitit States) politeecians]] [[Category:Wisconsin Republicans]] bpw1tdrzc27o0l3w2pp7522wbe60yrg 923775 923749 2026-09-30T00:21:39Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 923775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox officeholder |name = Scott Walker |image = Governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker 07.jpg |order = [[List of Govrenors of Wisconsin|45th]] [[Govrenor]] o [[Wisconsin]] |lieutenant = [[Rebecca Kleefisch]] |term_start = January 3, 2011 |term_end = January 7, 2019 |predecessor = [[Jim Doyle]] |successor = [[Tony Evers]] |office1 = [[List of Milwaukee County executives|Executive of Milwaukee County]] |term_start1 = April 30, 2002 |term_end1 = December 27, 2010 |predecessor1 = [[Janine P. Geske|Janine Geske]] {{small|(Acting)}} |successor1 = [[Lee Holloway]] {{small|(Acting)}} |state_assembly2 = Wisconsin |district2 = 14th |term_start2 = June 30, 1993 |term_end2 = April 30, 2002 |predecessor2 = [[Peggy Rosenzweig]] |successor2 = [[Leah Vukmir]] |birth_name = Scott Kevin Walker |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|2}} |birth_place = [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Colorado]], U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] |spouse = [[Tonette Walker|Tonette Tarantino]] {{small|(1993–present)}} |children = 2 |residence = [[Wisconsin Governor's Mansion|Governor's Mansion]] |alma_mater = [[Marquette University]] <small>(didna graduate)</small> |religion = [[Nondenominational Christianity|Nondenominational]] [[Evangelicalism]] |website = {{URL|www.scottwalker.com}} |signature=Scott-walker-signature.png}} '''Scott Kevin Walker''' (born 2 November 1967) is an American [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] politeecian. He wis the 45t Govrenor o Wisconsin frae 2011 tae 2019. {{Stub/USPoliteecian}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Scott}} [[Category:Candidates in the 2016 Unitit States presidential election]] [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Govrenors o Wisconsin]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Colorado]] [[Category:Republican Pairty (Unitit States) politeecians]] [[Category:Wisconsin Republicans]] pfvr6tvgqusez8oxjweorw77pxmd8il 923776 923775 2026-09-30T00:24:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 923776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Scott Walker |image = Governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker 07.jpg |order = [[Leet o Govrenors o Wisconsin|45t]] [[Govrenor]] o [[Wisconsin]] |lieutenant = [[Rebecca Kleefisch]] |term_start = 3 Januar 2011 |term_end = 7 Januar 2019 |predecessor = [[Jim Doyle]] |successor = [[Tony Evers]] |office1 = [[Leet o Milwaukee Coonty executives|Executive o Milwaukee Coonty]] |term_start1 = 30 Aprile 2002 |term_end1 = 27 December 2010 |predecessor1 = [[Janine P. Geske|Janine Geske]] {{small|(Actin)}} |successor1 = [[Lee Holloway]] {{small|(Actin)}} |state_assembly2 = Wisconsin |district2 = 14t |term_start2 = 30 Juin 1993 |term_end2 = 30 Aprile 2002 |predecessor2 = [[Peggy Rosenzweig]] |successor2 = [[Leah Vukmir]] |birth_name = Scott Kevin Walker |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|2}} |birth_place = [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Colorado]], U.S. |party = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] |spouse = [[Tonette Walker|Tonette Tarantino]] {{small|(1993–present)}} |children = 2 |residence = [[Wisconsin Govrenor's Mansion|Govrenor's Mansion]] |alma_mater = [[Marquette Varsity]] <small>(didna graduate)</small> |religion = [[Nondenominational Christianity|Nondenominational]] [[Evangelicalism]] |website = {{URL|www.scottwalker.com}} |signature=Scott-walker-signature.png }} '''Scott Kevin Walker''' (born 2 November 1967) is an American [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] politeecian. He wis the 45t Govrenor o Wisconsin frae 2011 tae 2019. {{Stub/USPoliteecian}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Scott}} [[Category:Candidates in the 2016 Unitit States presidential election]] [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Govrenors o Wisconsin]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Colorado]] [[Category:Republican Pairty (Unitit States) politeecians]] [[Category:Wisconsin Republicans]] r1knjqyddc5mdz0ub3deevvruyn19l5 0 126263 923737 923458 2026-09-29T15:45:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lake | name = Loch Erie | image = Greatlakes amo 2014009.jpg | caption = Loch Erie on Januar 9, 2014 | image_bathymetry = Lake-Erie.svg | caption_bathymetry = The [[Great Lochs]], wi Loch Erie heichlichtit in darker blue | coords = {{coord|42.2|N|81.2|W|type:waterbody_scale:3000000|display=inline,title}} | location = [[North Americae]] | group = [[Great Lochs]] | lake_type = [[Glacial loch|Glacial]] | inflow = [[Detroit River]]<ref name="StateofOhio" /> | outflow = [[Niagara River]]<br>Welland Canal<ref name="EPA"/> | catchment = | basin_countries = Canadae<br>Unitit States | length = {{convert|241|mi|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|57|mi|km|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|9910|sqmi|km2|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="EPA"/> | depth = {{convert|62|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="EPA"/> | max-depth = {{convert|210|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=edited by John W. Wright with editors and reporters of the Times|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/75276830|title=The New York Times 2007 almanac|date=2007|publisher=Penguin Reference|isbn=0-14-303820-6|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=75276830}}</ref> | volume = {{convert|116|cumi|km3|abbr=on}}<ref name="EPA"/> | residence_time = 2.6 years | shore = {{convert|799|mi|km|abbr=on}} plus {{convert|72|mi|km|abbr=on}} for islands<ref>[https://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,4561,7-135-3313_3677-15959--,00.html Shorelines of the Great Lakes]</ref> | elevation = {{convert|569|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="EPA">US Environmental Protection Agency, [http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/atlas/gl-fact1.html Great Lakes Factsheet No. 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302010417/http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/atlas/gl-fact1.html |date=2015-03-02 }}, Accessed May 4, 2013</ref> | islands = 24+ ''(see [[#Islands|list]])'' | islands_category = Islands o the Great Lochs | cities = [[Buffalo, New York]]<br> [[Erie, Pennsylvania]]<br> [[Toledo, Ohio]]<br> [[Cleveland, Ohio]] | reference = <ref>{{Cite book|last=edited by John W. Wright with editors and reporters of the Times|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/75276830|title=The New York Times 2007 almanac|date=2007|publisher=Penguin Reference|isbn=0-14-303820-6|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=75276830}}</ref> }} '''Loch Erie'''<ref>[[United States Geological Survey]] Hydrological Unit Code: 04-12-02-00{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪr|i}}; {{lang-en|Lake Erie}}, {{lang-fr|Lac Érié}}) is the fowerth lairgest [[loch]] (bi surface area) o the five [[Great Lochs]] in [[North Americae]], an the thirteent lairgest globally if measurt in terms o surface area.<ref name="Factmonster list">[http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0001777.html Large Lakes of the World]. ''Factmonster.com.''</ref><ref name="StateofOhio">State of Ohio, Division of Geological Survey, [http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/7828/default.aspx Lake Erie Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325145738/http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/7828/Default.aspx |date=2013-03-25 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/7828/Default.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325145738/http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/7828/Default.aspx |archive-date=2013-03-25 |url-status=dead}}, Accessed May 4, 2013</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Great Lochs]] lwww1necxm6okg8gnucvkl4vog4rfdf 0 127456 923760 901648 2026-09-29T21:29:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | image= {{image array|perrow=6 | image1 = Boleslaw Chrobry (76848974) (cropped).jpg| caption1 = [[Bolesław I Chrobry|Bolesław I]] | image2 = Kraków, Tumba króla Kazimierza III Wielkiego - fotopolska.eu (164075).jpg| caption2 = [[Casimir III the Great|Casimir the Great]] | image3 = Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg| caption3 = [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] | image4 = Ignacy Krasicki 111.PNG| caption4 = [[Ignacy Krasicki]] | image5 = Schweikart Tadeusz Kościuszko.jpg| caption5 = [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]] | image6 = Stanisław Staszic.PNG| caption6 = [[Stanisław Staszic]] | image7 = Adam_Mickiewicz_według_dagerotypu_paryskiego_z_1842_roku.jpg| caption7 = [[Adam Mickiewicz]] | image8 = Eugène Delacroix - Frédéric Chopin - WGA06194.jpg| caption8 = [[Fryderyk Chopin]] | image9 = Ignacy Lukasiewicz.jpg| caption9 = [[Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] | image10 = Wieniawski Henryk 3.png| caption10 = [[Henryk Wieniawski]] | image11 = Henryk Sienkiewicz post 1892 (53054489) (cropped).jpg| caption11 = [[Henryk Sienkiewicz]] | image12 = Prus 002.jpg| caption12 = [[Bolesław Prus]] | image13 = Malczewski Self-portrait with a palette.jpg| caption13 = [[Jacek Malczewski]] | image14 = Joseph Conrad.PNG| caption14 = [[Joseph Conrad]] | image15 = 1908-kl-t-zamenhof.jpg| caption15 = [[L.L. Zamenhof]] | image16 = Ignacy Jan Paderewski.PNG| caption16 = [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]] | image17 = Wladyslaw_Reymont_1924.jpg| caption17 = [[Władysław Reymont]] | image18 = Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg| caption18 = [[Marie Skłodowska Curie]] | image19 = Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg| caption19 = [[Józef Piłsudski]] | image20 = Casimir_Funk_01.jpg| caption20 = [[Kazimierz Funk]] | image21 = Bronislawmalinowski.jpg| caption21 = [[Bronisław Malinowski]] | image22 = عالم_الرياضيات_البولندى_ستيفان_بناخ.jpg| caption22 = [[Stefan Banach]] | image23 = MR 1932 small.jpg| caption23 = [[Marian Rejewski]] | image24 = Irena Sendlerowa 1942.jpg| caption24 = [[Irena Sendler]] | image25 = 2007.09.16._Hilary_Koprowski_by_Kubik_01.JPG| caption25 = [[Hilary Koprowski]] | image26 = JohannesPaul2-portrait.jpg| caption26 = [[Pape John Paul II]] | image27 = St_Lem_resize.jpg| caption27 = [[Stanisław Lem]] | image28 = 2008.04.22. Andrzej Wajda by Kubik 02.JPG| caption28 = [[Andrzej Wajda]] | image29 = Lech Walesa - 2009.jpg| caption29 = [[Lech Wałęsa]] | image30 = Aleksander_Wolszczan_(2007).jpg| caption30 = [[Aleksander Wolszczan]] }} | poptime = ~ '''60 million'''<ref name="Ludność2013">{{cite book | author=Główny Urząd Statystyczny | date=January 2013 | title=Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna | work=Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011 | url=http://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/LUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf | format=PDF | language=Polish | publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny | accessdate=23 February 2015 | page=51 | quote=W dniu 31 marca 2011 r. ludność Polski liczyła 38 511,8 tys. osób zaliczanych do kategorii faktycznych mieszkańców kraju. Od ostatniego spisu powszechnego, tj. od dnia 20 maja 2002 r. liczba ludności zwiększyła się o 282 tys. osób, tj. o 0,7%. }}</ref> |popplace = '''{{flagcountry|Poland}}'''{{nbsp|3}}37,394,000<ref name=stat>{{cite web|title=The national-ethnic affiliation in the population – The results of the census of population and housing in 2011|url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/Przynaleznosc_narodowo-etniczna_w_2011_NSP.pdf|accessdate=6 March 2013|author=[[Central Statistical Office (Poland)|Central Statistical Office]]|page=1|language=pl| date=January 2013 }}</ref> |region1 = {{space|2}}{{USA}} |pop1 = 10,600,000 |ref1 = <ref>[http://wspolnota-polska.org.pl/polonia_w_liczbach.html] p. 5</ref> |region2 = {{space|2}}{{BRA}} |pop2 = 3,000,000 |ref2 = <ref>[http://wspolnota-polska.org.pl/polonia_w_liczbach.html] Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota Polska</ref> |region3 = {{space|2}}{{DEU}} |pop3 = 1,500,000 – 2,000,000 |ref3 = <ref>{{de icon}} [https://www.destatis.de/DE/PresseService/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2010/07/PD10_248_122.html Erstmals mehr als 16 Millionen Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116190127/https://www.destatis.de/DE/PresseService/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2010/07/PD10_248_122.html |date=2013-11-16 }} Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (German text about migrants in Germany)</ref><ref>{{pl icon}} [http://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/90f1454c-8ac1-439a-9e5f-ac2ca6a0f013 ''Raport o sytuacji Polonii i Polaków za granicą 2009.''] Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2009. p. 177, ISBN 978-83-89607-81-2</ref> |ref4 = <ref name="ynet">{{cite web|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3376540,00.html|title=ynet דרכון פולני בזכות הסבתא מוורשה - כלכלה|work=ynet|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> |region4 = {{space|2}}{{SCO}} |pop4 = 1,250,000 |region5 = {{space|2}}{{ISR}} |pop5 = 1,250,000 |region6 = {{space|2}}{{CAN}} |pop6 = 1,010,705 |ref6 = <ref name="Statistics Canada">{{cite web|title=Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=}}</ref> |region7 = {{space|2}}{{FRA}} |pop7 = 1,000,000 |ref7 = <ref>[[Pols minority in Fraunce]]</ref> |region8 = {{space|2}}{{BLR}} |pop8 = 900,000 |ref8 = <ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://wspolnota-polska.org.pl/polonia_w_liczbach.html|title=Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota Polska|author=Wspólnota Polska|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> |region9 = {{space|2}}{{UK}} |pop9 = 630,000 |ref9 = <ref name=polonia>{{cite web|title=Polish diaspora in numbers|url=http://wspolnota-polska.org.pl/polonia_w_liczbach.html|publisher=[[association "Polish Community"]]|accessdate=21 November 2013|language=pl}}</ref><ref>British Office for National Statistics, [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/Population-by-country-of-birth-and-nationality-Jan09-Dec09.zip Population by Country of Birth & Nationality, Jan 2009 to Dec 2009 with immigrants for 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114061241/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/Population-by-country-of-birth-and-nationality-Jan09-Dec09.zip |date=2010-11-14 }}<br />'''^''' Please note: The British Office for National Statistics recorded the number of Poles who have travelled to the UK in 2006 at over 2,000,000; they are not to be mistaken for permanent residents.</ref> |region10 = {{space|2}}{{ARG}} |pop10 = 500,000 |ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2004/04/27/t-749506.htm|title=Clarín.com - La ampliación de la Unión Europea habilita a 600 mil argentinos para ser comunitarios|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185845/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2004/04/27/t-749506.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region11 = {{space|2}}{{RUS}} |pop11 = 273,000 |ref11 = <ref name="ReferenceA"/> |region12 = {{space|2}}{{LIT}} |pop12 = 212,800 |ref12 = <ref>[http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010215&PLanguage=0&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=3236&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14=] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906042802/http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010215&PLanguage=0&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=3236&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14= |date=2012-09-06 }}</ref> |region13 = {{space|2}}{{AUS}} |pop13 = 216,056 |ref13 = <ref>[http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/2006Census3.nsf/logByLookupView?openagent&20050%2DXCP%2DAustralia%2Ezip&20060&Main%20Features&02006%20Census%20Expanded%20Community%20Profile28/11/071&0&2006&28%2E11%2E2007&Latest 2006 Census Community Profile Series : Australia]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |region14 = {{space|2}}{{UKR}} |pop14 = 144,130 |ref14 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/nationality_population/nationality_1/s5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=80&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20&n_page=5|title=Ukrainian Census 2001|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> |region15 = {{space|2}}{{IRL}} |pop15 = 122,585 |ref15 = <ref>[http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/documents/census2011pdr/Census%202011%20Highlights%20Part%201.pdf Census 2011 Results]</ref> |region16 = {{space|2}}{{NOR}} |pop16 = 120,000 |ref16 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article1443964.ece|title=- 120.000 polakker i Norge|work=Aftenposten|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> |region17 = {{space|2}}{{ITA}} |pop17 = 109,018 |ref17 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20090226_00/testo_integrale_20090226.pdf|title=ISTAT|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015|archive-date=2012-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905225705/http://www3.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20090226_00/testo_integrale_20090226.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region18 = {{space|2}}{{SWE}} |pop18 = 75,323 |ref18 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/BE/BE0101/2012A01x/be0101_Fodelseland_och_ursprungsland.xls |title=Befolkning efter födelseland och ursprungsland 31 december 2012 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |date=31 December 2013 |accessdate=22 December 2013|language=sv}}</ref> |region19 = {{space|2}}{{BEL}} |pop19 = 70,600 |ref19 = <ref name="ReferenceA"/> |region20 = {{space|2}}{{ESP}} |pop20 = 70,606 |ref20 = <ref>[http://www.ine.es/en/prensa/np854_en.pdf Instituto Nacional de Estadística Population Figures at 1 January 2014 – Migration Statistics 2013]</ref> |region21 = {{space|2}}{{AUT}} |pop21 = 69,898 |ref21 = <ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft//bevoelkerung_am_1.1.2015_nach_detailliertem_geburtsland_und_bundesland-2.pdf]}}</ref> |region20 = {{space|2}}{{NLD}} |pop20 = 60,000 |ref20 = <ref name="ReferenceA"/> |region21 = {{space|2}}{{CZE}} |pop21 = 51,968 |ref21 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.czso.cz/csu/2005edicniplan.nsf/t/D6002FD8F5/$File/kap_I_05.pdf |title=Czech Republic National Census 2001 (PDF) |access-date=2015-09-06 |archive-date=2016-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309223736/http://www.czso.cz/csu/2005edicniplan.nsf/t/D6002FD8F5/$File/kap_I_05.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region22 = {{space|2}}{{LVA}} |pop22 = 44,783 |ref22 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/notikumi/key-provisional-results-population-and-housing-census-2011-33306.html|title=On key provisional results of Population and Housing Census 2011|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-date=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706185754/http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/notikumi/key-provisional-results-population-and-housing-census-2011-33306.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region23 = {{space|2}}{{DEN}} |pop23 = 37,876 |ref23 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics Denmark:FOLK1: Population at the first day of the quarter by sex, age, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/selectvarval/saveselections.asp|publisher=Statistics Denmark|accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref> |region24 = {{space|2}}{{KAZ}} |pop24 = 34,057 |ref24 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%9F%D0%9D2009_161110%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81.doc |title=Kazakhstan National Census 2009 |access-date=2015-09-06 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118072949/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%9F%D0%9D2009_161110%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region25 = {{space|2}}{{RSA}} |pop25 = 30,000 |ref25 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=dubd2|title=Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota Polska|author=Wspólnota Polska|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> |region26 = {{space|2}}{{PAR}} |pop26 = 16,748 |ref26 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/news/ante-la-crisis-europa-y-el-mundo-miran-a-latinoamerica.html |title=Ante la crisis, Europa y el mundo miran a Latinoamérica |language=Spanish |publisher=Acercando Naciones |year=2012 |access-date=2015-09-06 |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094924/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/news/ante-la-crisis-europa-y-el-mundo-miran-a-latinoamerica.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region27 = {{space|2}}{{UAE}} |pop27 = 14,500 |ref27 = <ref name="ReferenceA"/> |region28 = {{space|2}}{{GRE}} |pop28 = 14,145 |region29 = {{space|2}}{{ISL}} |pop29 = 10,540 |ref29 = <ref>[http://www.hagstofa.is/?PageID=626&src=/temp/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=MAN12100%26ti=Mannfj%F6ldi+eftir+f%E6%F0ingarlandi+1981%2D2006+%26path=../Database/mannfjoldi/Faedingarland/%26lang=3%26units=Fjöldi Mannfjöldi eftir fæðingarlandi 1981-2008: Pólland]</ref> |region30 = {{space|2}}{{VEN}} |pop30 = 9,000 |ref30 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=VE|title=Country - Venezuela :: Joshua Project|author=Joshua Project|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014}}</ref> |region31 = {{space|2}}{{PER}} |pop31 = 7,000 |ref31 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espejodelperu.com.pe/Poblacion-del-Peru/Migraciones-europeas-minoritarias.htm|title=Migraciones europeas minoritarias|author=Erwin Dopf|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020020512/http://www.espejodelperu.com.pe/Poblacion-del-Peru/Migraciones-europeas-minoritarias.htm|archive-date=2019-10-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region32 = {{space|2}}{{HUN}} |pop32 = 5,730 |ref32 = <ref>http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_orsz_2011.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717211318/http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_orsz_2011.pdf |date=2019-07-17 }} 2011 Census of Hungary</ref> |region33 = {{space|2}}{{MDA}} |pop33 = 4,174 |ref33 = <ref>2004 Moldovan census, includin Transnistrie</ref> |region34 = {{space|2}}{{ROU}} |pop34 = 3,671 |ref34 = <ref>2002 Romanie census.</ref> |region35 = {{space|2}}{{SVK}} |pop35 = 3,084 |ref35 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-09-06 |archive-date=2014-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811224311/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab.11.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region36 = {{space|2}}{{FIN}} |pop36 = 3,000 |ref36 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinki.polemb.net/index.php?document=46|title=Placówki Dyplomatyczne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-date=2012-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217040645/http://www.helsinki.polemb.net/index.php?document=46|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region37 = {{space|2}}{{EST}} |pop37 = 2,200 |ref37 = <ref>[[:pl:Estonia#Polacy w Estonii]]</ref> |region38 = {{space|2}}{{UAE}} |pop38 = 2,000 |ref38 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/polish-expats-praise-freedom-given-by-uae-1.143306|title=Polish expats praise freedom given by UAE|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-date=2014-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317213720/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/polish-expats-praise-freedom-given-by-uae-1.143306|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region39 = {{space|2}}{{COL}} |pop39 = 1,500 |ref39 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.eluniversal.com.co/colombia/comenzo-la-cuenta-regresiva-para-eliminar-la-visa-schengen-151003|title=Colombia|publisher=|accessdate=14 November 2014|archive-date=2017-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601220904/http://m.eluniversal.com.co/colombia/comenzo-la-cuenta-regresiva-para-eliminar-la-visa-schengen-151003|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region40 = {{space|2}}{{TUR}} |pop40 = 1,000 |ref40 = <ref name="Polonezkoy.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.polonezkoy.com/index_eng.asp |title=Polonezkoy.com |access-date=2021-01-29 |archive-date=2007-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116233615/http://www.polonezkoy.com/index_eng.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region41 = {{space|2}}{{ARM}} |pop41 = 300 |ref41 = <ref name="Polonezkoy.com"/> |region42 = Rest o warld |pop42 = Up tae 20,000 [small](est.)[/small] |ref42 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasza-gazetka.com/Menu_Polonia/DIASPORA/DIASPORA.HTM|title=DIASPORA|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> |languages = [[Pols leid|Pols]]{{•}}[[Kashubian leid|Kashubian]]{{•}}[[Silesian leid|Silesian]] |rels = Predominantly [[Roman Catholicism]]<br/>Signeeficant minorities o [[Judaism]] |related = Ither [[Slavs]] (pairteecularly [[Wast Slavs]]), [[Balts]] }} The '''Poles''' ({{lang-pl|Polacy}}, {{IPA-pl|pɔˈlat͡sɨ|pron}}; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'') are a naition an [[Wast Slavs|Wast Slavic]] ethnic group native tae [[Poland]]. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Pols fowk| ]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Poland]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]] [[Category:Slavic ethnic groups]] [[Category:Lechites]] 6xpk4ksh4wme0ye2vnnxtorr92jrygb 0 128831 923766 921272 2026-09-29T23:37:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|KNZM|OBE|size=100%}} | image = Sam Neill 2010.jpg | caption = Neill in 2010 | birth_name = Nigel John Dermot Neill | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|9|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|7|13|1947|9|14|df=y}} | death_place = [[Sydney]], New Sooth Wales, Austrailie | citizenship = {{hlist|New Zealand|UK|Ireland}} | education = {{ubl|[[Varsity o Canterbury]] (attendit)|[[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] ([[Bachelor o Airts|BA]])}} | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|businessman}} | years_active = 1970–2026 | works = [[Sam Neill filmography|Fou leet]] | spouse = {{marriage|Noriko Watanabe|2 September 1989|2017|end={{abbr|sep.|separatit}}}} | children = 4 }} '''Sir Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neill''' (14 September 1947 – 13 Julie 2026) wis a New Zealand actor an businessman. Kent as a [[Leadin actor|leadin man]] in film an telly, he haes received nominations fur three [[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] an twa [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe Awairds]]. He wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor. Born in Northren Ireland tae an Inglis mither an a New Zealand faither, Neill flittit tae [[Christchurch]] wi his faimily in 1954. He furst achieved recogneetion wi his appearance in the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), follaed bi leadin roles in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]'' (1981), ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988), ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989), ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990), ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990), ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993), ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1994), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000), an ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016). He cam tae internaitional prominence as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), a role he reprised in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001) an ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022). On telly, he portrayed [[Merlin]] in the miniseries ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998) an ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006), the aulder o that earned him nominations fur the [[Primetime Emmy Awaird fur Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Limitit or Anthology Series or Film|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] an the [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Gowden Globe Awaird]]. He wis forby Gowden Globe-nominatit fur pleyin [[Sidney Reilly]] in ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983) an a Breetish Officer durin [[Warld War II]] in ''One Against the Wind'' (1991). He forby pleyed [[Thomas Wolsey]] in ''[[The Tudors]]'' (2007), an as Major Chester Campbell in ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'' (2013–2014). He is kent fur narratin mony documentary projecks an aa. == Early life == Nigel John Dermot Neill wis born on 14 September 1947 in [[Omey, Coonty Tyrone|Omey]], Coonty Tyrone, Northren Ireland, tae an Inglis mither, Priscilla Beatrice Ingham, an a New Zealand faither Dermot Neill.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Barnes|first=Mike|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Actor in ‘Jurassic Park’ and ‘The Piano,’ Dies at 78|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sam-neill-dead-actor-jurassic-park-the-piano-dies-1236646308/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result, he held three documentit naitionalities: New Zealand, Northren Ireland, an the Unitit Kinrick.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Sam Neill on life, love, lymphoma and his brilliant career|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/sam-neill-on-life-love-lymphoma-and-his-brilliant-career-20230420-p5d1x4.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-05-14|title=Sam Neill on what he's learned|language=en|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/sam-neill-on-what-hes-learned/34702361.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> His great-grandfaither, Percival "Percy" Neill, the son o a wine merchant wha importit wine frae Fraunce, haed left [[Bilfawst]] fur Austrailie, whaur he jyned a firm o merchants in [[Melbourne]], eventually flittin tae New Zealand an settlin in [[Dunedin]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PERCIVAL CLAY NEILL Biography – Dunedin|url=https://www.northerncemetery.org.nz/biography/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Northern Cemetery|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scott|first=Louise|title="New cellar door pops up in Neill's life"|language=en|work=[[Otago Daily Times]]|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/new-cellar-door-pops-neill%27s-life|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-07-15|archive-date=2021-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106223632/https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/central-otago/new-cellar-door-pops-neill%27s-life}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jung|first=Susan|date=2013-04-21|title=My life: Sam Neill|language=en|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1217301/my-life-sam-neill|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15}}</ref> At the time o Neill's birth, his faither wis stationed in Northren Ireland, servin as an officer wi the [[Ryal Erse Fusiliers]]. His faither's faimily awned Neill and Co., later pairt o the leetit hospitality group Wilson Neill.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beech|first=James|date=2014-03-04|title=Vineyard named in honour of father|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/queenstown-lakes/vineyard-named-honour-father|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Otago Daily Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Annabel|date=2017-11-21|title=Obituary: Otago businessman Robert Wilson remembered as food industry pioneer|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/99086492/otago-businessman-robert-wilson-remembered-as-food-industry-pioneer|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> In 1954, the Neill faimily flittit tae New Zealand an settled in the Christchurch suburb o [[Cashmere, New Zealand|Cashmere]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-08-04|title=Sam Neill in Uncharted territory with new series|language=en-NZ|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12100523|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-07-15|archive-date=2019-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021200417/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12100523}}</ref> Neill attendit Cashmere Primary Schuil an [[Medbury Schuil]], a private preparatory schuil.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matthews|first=Philip|date=2023-03-23|title=Sir Sam Neill says 'generation of inbreeding' at elite Christchurch school|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300837756/sir-sam-neill-says-generation-of-inbreeding-at-elite-christchurch-school|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> Efter a year, his parents an yunger sister, Juliet, flittit sooth tae his faither's hame ceety o Dunedin. Thay bided at [[Macandrew Bay]], whaur thay wur free tae roam durin the halidays. He begoud cawin himsel "Sam" at schuil acause seevral ither lads wur cried Nigel, an acause he felt the name Nigel wis "a wee effete fur ... a New Zealand pleygroond".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grams|first=Erika|title=Sam Neill - FAQ|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/samneill/snfaq.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=www.ibiblio.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-10-05|title=Nigel, Neville??|url=https://theforum.lexigame.com/index.php?topic=1093.0|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Lexigame.com|archive-date=2025-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223093132/https://theforum.lexigame.com/index.php?topic=1093.0}}</ref> Frae 1961, he attendit [[Christ's College, Christchurch|Christ's College]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] lads' boardin an day schuil in Christchurch.<ref name=":0" /> He attendit at the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] but wis uncertain aboot a career, decidin nae tae follae his faither intae the airmy or the faimily firm. He considered law, but dwined aw fower units in his furst year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=Mike|date=2024-09-21|title=Sam Neill's life from biggest roles to cancer battle|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/apples-never-fall-star-sam-29976361|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Manchester Evening News|language=en}}</ref> He appeared in seevral varsity productions, includin pleyin Theseus in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', directit bi [[Ngaio Marsh]] fur the Canterbury Varsity Drama Society.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=1969-01-01|title=The University of Canterbury Drama Society presents William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, produced by Ngaio Marsh|url=https://digitalnz.org/records/22524599|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=DigitalNZ|language=en}}</ref> He actit in a production bi [[Mervyn Thompson]] o ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', an whan an actor widrew frae a Wellington saison, Neill replaced him as [[Jacques Roux]]. The pley wis staged at [[Downstage Theatre]]. He descrieved the experience as "the time o [his] life" an observed that the airts wis "pairt o the fabric o the ceety" unlik in Christchurch or Dunedin. He transferred frae Canterbury tae [[Victoria Varsity o Wellington]] fur a year tae complete his [[Bachelor o Airts]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill: Actor known for starring role as Jurassic Park paleontologist|url=https://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/national/26273773.sam-neill-actor-known-starring-role-jurassic-park-paleontologist/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[Keighley News]]|language=en}}</ref> an graduatit frae Victoria Varsity wi a bachelor's degree in Inglis leeteratur in 1970.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Frost|first=Natasha|last2=Woolfe|first2=Zachary|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, Leading Man in ‘Jurassic Park,’ Dies at 78|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/13/movies/sam-neill-dead.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ripley|first=Amy|date=2026-07-13|title=Vale Sam Neill: Honorary Australian who charmed on and off the screen|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/vale-sam-neill-honorary-australian-who-charmed-on-and-off-the-screen-20241005-p5kg38.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> He pleyed [[Macbeth (chairacter)|Macbeth]] in a varsity production directit bi [[Phillip Mann]], then jyned Downstage as a professional actor, earnin [[New Zealand dollar|$]]35 per week plus leftower fuid frae the kitchen efter the audience dinner. == Career == === 1971–1979: Early wirk in New Zealand === [[File:Sam_Neill-_Landfall_-_A_Film_About_Ourselves_(1974)_(20937182478).jpg|thumb|Stills frae ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1974)]] Neill's furst film wis a New Zealand telly film ''The City of No'' (1971). He follaed it wi a short, ''The Water Cycle'' (1972) an the telly film ''Hunt's Duffer'' (1973). Neill wrate an directit a film fur the New Zealand [[Naitional Film Unit]], ''Phone'' (1974).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phone {{!}} Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> He kythed in ''[[Landfall (1975 film)|Landfall]]'' (1975) an aa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Landfall – A Film about Ourselves: Television|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref> Neill's brakthrou performance in New Zealand wis the film ''[[Sleeping Dogs (1977 film)|Sleeping Dogs]]'' (1977), the furst local film tae be widely screened owerseas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cain|first=Sian|date=2026-07-13|title=Sam Neill, star of Jurassic Park films, Peaky Blinders and The Piano, dies aged 78|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/13/sam-neill-death-actor-dies-aged-78|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Neill wint tae Austrailie whaur he haed a guest role on the TV shaw ''[[The Sullivans]]''. He wis the romantic male lead in ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), opposite [[Judy Davis]], that wis a muckle internaitional success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Susan|date=1991-12-01|title='One Against Wind' reunites Neill and Davis|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/143610890/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=Pittsburgh Press|language=en-US}}</ref> He makkit some Australian films that wis less widely seen: ''[[The Journalist (1979 film)|The Journalist]]'' (1979), ''[[Just Out of Reach (film)|Just Out of Reach]]'' (1979) an ''[[Attack Force Z]]'' (1981), an kythed in telly productions sic as ''[[Young Ramsay]]'' an ''[[Lucinda Brayford]]''. === 1981–1989: Transeetion tae Hollywood === In 1981, he wan his furst big internaitional role, as [[Damien Thorn]], son o the deil, in ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'';<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2015-01-11|title=For Your Consideration: Sam Neill for the FANGORIA Hall of Fame!|language=en-US|work=Fangoria|url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/for-your-consideration-sam-neill-for-the-fangoria-hall-of-fame/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-07-16|archive-date=2016-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022154542/http://www.fangoria.com/new/for-your-consideration-sam-neill-for-the-fangoria-hall-of-fame/}}</ref> forby in that year, he pleyed a main role in [[Andrzej Żuławski's]] cult film ''[[Possession (1981 film)|Possession]]''.<ref name=":1" /> The 1982 film o ''[[Ivanhoe (1982 film)|Ivanhoe]]'' makkit Neill a local celebrity in Swaden, whaur it haes been aired on [[Sveriges Television|SVT]] ivery Ne'er's Day fur 40 year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2022-12-30|title=Ivanhoe-skådespelarens nyårshälsning till svenskarna: ”Stolt över er”|url=https://www.svt.se/kultur/ivanhoe-skadespelarens-nyarshalsning-till-svenskarna-stolt-over-er|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=SVT|language=sv}}</ref> He wis ane o the leadin candidates tae succeed [[Roger Moore]] in the role o [[James Bond]], but lost oot tae [[Timothy Dalton]]. Amang his mony Australian roles wis pleyin [[Michael Chamberlain]] in ''[[Evil Angels (film)|Evil Angels]]'' (1988) (lowsed as ''A Cry in the Dark'' ootside Austrailie an New Zealand),<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Cry in the Dark (1988) – Release dates|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094924/releaseinfo#akas|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-15|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> a film aboot the case o [[Daith o Azaria Chamberlain|Azaria Chamberlain]]. [[File:SamNeill08TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Neill at the [[2008 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest]]]] Neill pleyed heroes an occasionally veelains in a succession o film an telly dramas an comedies. In the UK, he wan early fame an wis [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]]-nominatit efter portrayin real-life spy, [[Sidney Reilly]], in the [[miniseries]] ''[[Reilly, Ace of Spies]]'' (1983).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Milton|first=Stephen|date=2016-05-14|title=What I've Learned: Sam Neill|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1319329366/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|language=en-US}}</ref> An early American starnin role wis in 1987's ''[[Amerika (miniseries)|Amerika]]'', pleyin a senior [[KGB]] officer leadin the occupation an diveesion o a defeatit Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Cultural_Criticism_1969_1990/_SZL_h9mfKkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Col.%20Andrei%20Denisov%22&pg=PA319&printsec=frontcover|title=Cultural Criticism 1969-1990: From Architectural Damages to Press Imperfections|last2=|first2=|date=2011-07-13|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-097228-3|language=en}}</ref> His leadin an co-starnin roles in films include the thriller ''[[Dead Calm (film)|Dead Calm]]'' (1989) an the twa-pairt historical epic ''[[La Révolution française (film)|La Révolution française]]'' (1989) as [[Marquis de Lafayette]].<ref name=":1" /> === 1990–1999: Leadin man roles === He solidifee'd his leadin man status wi ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'' (1990),<ref name=":1" /> ''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' (1990) (in that he wis re-teamed wi auld freend [[John Clarke (satirist)|John Clarke]]), ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yasharoff|first=Hannah|date=2019-09-25|title=Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum and Sam Neill to return for 'major roles' in 'Jurassic World 3'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2019/09/25/jurassic-world-3-laura-dern-sam-neill-jeff-goldblum-return/2437851001/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[USA Today]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Sirens (1994 film)|Sirens]]'' (1994), ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), [[John Carpenter]]'s ''[[In the Mouth of Madness]]'' (1995), ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]'' (1997), ''[[Bicentennial Man (film)|Bicentennial Man]]'' (1999), the comedy ''[[The Dish]]'' (2000),<ref name=":1" /> an ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001). Neill occasionally actit in New Zealand films, includin [[Jane Campion]]'s ''[[The Piano]]'' (1993),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Sam Neill – Credits|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/sam-neill/credits/3000385627/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=TV Guide|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (2003),<ref name=":3" /> ''[[Under the Mountain (film)|Under the Mountain]]'' (2009), an [[Taika Waititi]]'s ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' (2016).<ref name=":3" /> He returned tae directin in 1995 wi the documentary ''[[Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill]]'' (1995) that he wrate an directit wi Judy Rymer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1995|title=A Cinema of Unease A Personal Journey by Sam Neill|url=https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150442256|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Breetish Film Institute]]|language=en}}</ref> In 1993, he co-starned wi [[Anne Archer]] in ''Question of Faith'', an independent drama based on a true story aboot ane wumman's fecht tae beat cancer an hae a baby. In 2000, he provided the vyce o Sam Sawnoff in ''[[The Magic Pudding (film)|The Magic Pudding]]''. In 2001, he hostit an narratit a documentary series fur the [[BBC]] entitled ''[[Space (2001 TV series)|Space]]'' (''Hyperspace'' in the Unitit States).<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC One - Space|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p007x927|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[BBC]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> He portrayed the [[Merlin|eponymous wizard]] in ''[[Merlin (miniseries)|Merlin]]'' (1998), a miniseries based on the legends o [[Keeng Arthur]]. He reprised his role in the sequel, ''[[Merlin's Apprentice]]'' (2006).<ref name=":2" /> === 2000–2025: Telly wirk an final roles === Neill starned in the historical drama ''[[The Tudors]]'', pleyin [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas Wolsey]]. "A hae tae say a really enjoyed makin ''The Tudors''", he said,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Pam|date=2008-02-04|title=A glorious romp through history|url=http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=24&ContentID=57032|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-07-16|website=The West Australian|archive-date=2008-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212074226/http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=24&ContentID=57032}}</ref> "It wis sax month wi a chairacter that a foond muckly intriguin, wi a cast that a likit gey muckle an wi a story a foond gey compellin. It haes elements that are haurd tae beat: revenge an betrayal, lust an traison, aw the things that mak fur guid stories."<ref name=":4" /> [[File:Sam Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Neill at Burghound Asia in Singapore in 2011]] He actit in the short-lived [[Fox Television Stations|Fox]] TV series ''[[Alcatraz (TV series)|Alcatraz]]'' (2012) as Emerson Hauser. He pleyed the role o Otto Luger in the fantasie adventur film ''[[The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box]]'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dawtrey|first=Adam|date=2012-04-11|title=Aneurin Barnard tapped for ‘Mariah Mundi’|url=https://variety.com/2012/film/news/aneurin-barnard-tapped-for-mariah-mundi-1118052510/|access-date=2026-07-16|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> He haed a role in the BBC series ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', set in post-[[Warld War I]] [[Birmingham]]. He pleyed the role o Chief Inspector Chester Campbell, a corrupt polisman, wha cam tae clean up the toun on [[Winston Churchill]]'s orders. In the 2015 BBC miniseries ''[[And Then There Were None (TV series)|And Then There Were None]]'', based on [[Agatha Christie]]'s thriller, he pleyed the role o General John MacArthur.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gilbert|first=Gerard|date=2015-12-21|title=And Then There Was Carnage|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/716572837/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=The Independent|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2016, he starned in the New Zealand-makkit film ''Hunt for the Wilderpeople'', directit bi Waititi, as weel as the [[ITV (TV netwirk)|ITV]] miniseries ''[[Tutankhamun (TV series)|Tutankhamun]]''. In 2017, Neill kythed in a scene in Waititi's fantasie sequel ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'', in that he portrays an actor pleyin Odin (as depictit bi [[Anthony Hopkins]]), alangside [[Luke Hemsworth]] an [[Matt Damon]] as actors pleyin [[Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Thor]] an [[Loki (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Loki]], respectively. He portrays the same actor in ''[[Thor: Love and Thunder]]'' in 2022.<ref name=":3" /> In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor an provided the vyce o Tommy Brock an aa, in ''[[Peter Rabbit (film)|Peter Rabbit]]''. In 2019, he wis cast fur the role o Denis Goldberg in ''[[Escape from Pretoria]]''; houiver, the role wis subsequently recast wi [[Ian Hart]]. In late 2019, he wis annoonced tae reprise his chairacter o [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Dr. Alan Grant]] in ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'', that wis lowsed in Juin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-09-25|title=‘Jurassic Park’ Trio Laura Dern, Sam Neill & Jeff Goldblum Returning For ‘Jurassic World 3’|url=https://deadline.com/2019/09/jurassic-world-3-laura-dern-sam-neill-jeff-goldblum-reprise-jurassic-park-roles-1202744117/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, Neill kythed in the [[Foxtel]] legal drama ''[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|The Twelve]]'' as Brett Colby. Whan the series wis renewed fur a seicont saison, he wis the anly returnin cast memmer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-08-31|title=Western Australia's Largest Production, Sam Neill-Starring 'The Twelve Season 2' Gets Under Way – Global Bulletin|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/sam-neill-the-twelve-season-2-western-australia-production-1235709174/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 September 2024, it wis annoonced that ''The Twelve'' haed been renewed fur a thrid saison, wi Neill again returnin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rigden|first=Clare|date=2024-09-15|title=Sam Neill happy to be returning to film The Twelve in WA|url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/tv/binge-drama-the-twelve-to-shoot-season-three-in-wa-with-hollywood-star-sam-neill-happily-reprising-his-role-c-16024547|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=PerthNow|language=en}}</ref> On 6 December 2024, Neill wis annoonced as a nominee fur the [[14t AACTA Awairds|2025 AACTA Awairds]] fur his role on ''The Twelve.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knox|first=David|date=2024-12-07|title=2025 AACTA Awards: nominations {{!}} TV Tonight|url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2024/12/2025-aacta-awards-nominations.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=tvtonight.com.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> On 21 Juin 2024, Neill wis named in the cast fur the [[Netflix]] drama ''[[Untamed (TV series)|Untamed]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2024-06-21|title=Sam Neill Joins Eric Bana In Netflix Limited Series ‘Untamed’|url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/sam-neill-netflix-limited-series-untamed-eric-bana-1235979693/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref> On 15 Aprile 2025, his castin in ''[[Godzilla x Kong: Supernova]]'' wis been annoonced.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|date=2025-04-15|title=Next ‘Godzilla x Kong’ Movie Enlists Sam Neill|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/godzilla-x-kong-movie-sam-neill-1236191695/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 Mey 2025, Neill wis seen filmin in the Philippines fur the romantic comedy film ''[[The Last Resort (2027 film)|The Last Resort]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cagape|first=E. Kristhoff|title='Jurassic Park' star Sam Neill arrives in PH to film 'The Last Resort' {{!}} ABS-CBN Entertainment|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/showbiz/celebrities/2025/5/16/-jurassic-park-star-sam-neill-arrives-in-ph-to-film-the-last-resort-1507|access-date=2026-07-16|website=ABS-CBN|language=en-US}}</ref> == Personal life == In his early 20s, Neill faithered a son wha wis placed fur adoption, wi whom he later reunitit in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilson|first=Fiona|date=2014-10-11|title=What I've learnt: Sam Neill|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/what-ive-learnt-sam-neill-m7dkrlbdt6p|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> In 1980, Neill met actress [[Lisa Harrow]] whiles filmin ''[[The Final Conflict (film)|The Final Conflict]]'' (1981), an thay haed a son.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Catherall|first=Sarah|date=2018-03-28|title=Lisa Harrow reflects on the pivotal moments in her colourful career|url=https://www.noted.co.nz/culture/theatre/lisa-harrow-reflects-on-the-pivotal-moments-in-her-colourful-career/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-07-17|website=|language=en|archive-date=2018-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715210759/https://www.noted.co.nz/culture/theatre/lisa-harrow-reflects-on-the-pivotal-moments-in-her-colourful-career/}}</ref> He mairit mak-up airtist Noriko Watanabe in 1989, an thay haed ane dochter thegither. He adoptit Watanabe's dochter frae her furst mairiage an aa. Thay separatit in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-16|title=Sam Neill's Love Triangle|url=https://www.pressreader.com/australia/womans-day-australia/20171016/281835758927650|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[Woman's Day (Australian magazine)|Woman's Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2018-04-05|title=Actor Sam Neill on family, friends, film and his other passion: winemaking|url=https://www.afr.com/life-and-luxury/arts-and-culture/actor-sam-neill-not-quite-a-wildeyed-crazy-hippy-but-kinda-close-20180403-h0ya9u|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=Australian Financial Review|language=en}}</ref> an Neill dated Australian poleetical jurnalist [[Laura Tingle]] frae 2018 tae 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Robin|first=Myriam|date=2018-02-04|title=Actor Sam Neill and AFR political editor Laura Tingle start dating|url=https://www.afr.com/rear-window/revealed-laura-tingles-new-beau-20180204-h0tfps|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[Australian Financial Review]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Roach|first=Vicky|date=2018-07-22|title=Sam Neill: 'I don't like the idea of retiring'|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/lifestyle/stellar/sam-neill-i-dont-like-the-idea-of-retiring/news-story/60937fd89dfb8473612987d88894b344|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Doreian|first=Robyn|date=2023-03-29|title=‘I’m a solitary single man now’: Sam Neill|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/celebrity/i-m-a-solitary-single-man-now-sam-neill-20230321-p5ctz3.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> As o 2023, he haed aicht grandbairn.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-10-15|title=Actor Sam Neill shares why he's 'not particularly interested' in his cancer and why the thought of retirement is 'horrifying'|language=en-AU|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-10-16/actor-sam-neill-australian-story-speaks-candidly-about-cancer/102909102|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17}}</ref> Neill bided in [[Alexandra, New Zealand|Alexandra]], [[Sooth Island]], New Zealand, an awned a winery cried [[Two Paddocks]], consistin o a vineyard at [[Gibbston]] an twa near Alexandra, aw in the [[Central Otago wine region]]. His avocation wis rinnin Two Paddocks. "A'd lik the vineyard tae support me but a'm afraid it is the ither wey roond. It is nae a gey economic business", said Neill,<ref name=":4" /> addin, "It is a ridiculously time- an money-consumin business. A wad nae dae it if it wis nae sae satisfyin an fun, and it gets me pissed ance in a whiles."<ref name=":4" /> He enjoyed skarin his ferm exploits on social media.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-08-24|title=Let’s take a moment to appreciate Sam Neill’s beautiful, perfect, pig-filled Twitter account|language=en-nz|work=RNZ.com|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/the-wireless/374807/let-s-take-a-moment-to-appreciate-sam-neil-s-beautiful-perfect-pig-filled-twitter-account?utm_source=redirect&utm_medium=wireless.co.nz|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17}}</ref> He cried his ferm ainimals efter film industrie colleagues.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-04|title=Meet Taika, the latest Sam Neill's farm animal with a famous name|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/celebrities/92240453/meet-taika-the-latest-sam-neills-farm-animal-with-a-famous-name|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[Stuff (wabsteid)|Stuff]]|language=en}}</ref> He wrate a memoir, ''Did I Ever Tell You This?'', published in Mairch 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-03-17|title=Sam Neill diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-64969344|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Clark|first=Lucy|date=2023-03-17|title=Sam Neill on his new memoir and living with blood cancer: ‘I’m not afraid to die, but it would annoy me’|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/mar/17/sam-neill-cancer-memoir-interview|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> === Poleetics === In 2016, he creeticised the poleecies o New Sooth Wales Premier [[Mike Baird]] on [[Sydney lockoot laws|lockoot laws]] an the ban on [[grayhoond racin]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-16|title=Actor Sam Neill says NSW Government policies are damaging Sydney|url=https://www.news.com.au/national/nsw-act/actor-sam-neill-says-nsw-government-policies-are-damaging-sydney/news-story/6dcee3da9e2edfec5fea78f8b1aa3151|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=news.com.au}}</ref> Neill spak positively aboot the premiership o [[Jacinda Ardern]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-02|title='I think she was a great PM': Sam Neill on Jacinda Ardern, Vladimir Putin and Brad Pitt|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/i-think-she-was-great-pm-sam-neill-jacinda-ardern-vladimir-putin-and-brad|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=Otago Daily Times|language=en}}</ref> He wis a memmer o the Equity New Zealand tred union frae 1979 till his daith in 2026.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Sam Neill wins 2019 Lifetime Achievement award, presented by Ryman Healthcare|url=https://equity.org.nz/sam-neill-wins-2019-equity-nz-lifetime-achievement-award-presented-by-ryman-healthcare/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-07-17|website=Equity New Zealand|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718091434/https://equity.org.nz/sam-neill-wins-2019-equity-nz-lifetime-achievement-award-presented-by-ryman-healthcare/|archive-date=2022-07-18}}</ref> In 2025, New Zealand Resoorces Minister [[Shane Jones]] cawed Neill "wrang an anti-Kiwi" fur his opposeetion tae an [[Appen-pit minin|appen-cast]] gowd mine proposed near [[Cromwell, New Zealand|Cromwell]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Mike|date=2025-11-29|title=Shane Jones backs mining at 'weapons-grade' level, calls Sam Neill 'anti-Kiwi'|url=https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/360898009/shane-jones-backs-mining-weapons-grade-level-calls-sam-neill-anti-kiwi|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=The Press}}</ref> Neill supportit the local advocacy group Sustainable Tarras, that organisit events against the minin proposal. He descrieved Santana Minerals' proposal as "ruinous fur the region".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Todd|first=Katie|date=2026-02-02|title=Australian mining giant Santana Minerals granted road mine road access despite protest|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/business/585700/australian-mining-giant-santana-minerals-granted-road-mine-road-access-despite-protest|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=RNZ|language=en-nz}}</ref> Follaein his daith, Neill's freend [[Roger Donaldson]] says that online abuise an hostility Neill received, stairtin wi Jones's comments, "teuk its toll" on Neill an mey hae "unnermined his heal in the gey end."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Sam|date=2026-07-14|title=Friend of Sam Neill says abuse the actor experienced due to mining opposition ‘took its toll on him’|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/culture/361005889/friend-sam-neill-says-abuse-actor-experienced-due-mining-opposition-took-its-toll-him|access-date=2026-07-17|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> === Heal an daith === In Mairch 2023, Neill revealed that he haed been unnergaein [[chemotherapy]] syne Mairch 2022 efter bein diagnosed wi stage 3 [[angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], a teep o [[bluid cancer]], follaein swollen glands that wis furst noticed durin publicity fur ''Jurassic World Dominion''.<ref name=":5" /> He statit that the cancer wis in remission, but he wad require monthly chemotherapy fur the rest o his life.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Clark|first=Lucy|date=2023-03-17|title=Sam Neill: Jurassic Park actor reveals he is being treated for stage-three blood cancer|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/mar/18/sam-neill-jurassic-park-actor-reveals-he-is-being-treated-for-stage-three-blood-cancer|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> In Aprile 2026, Neill said that, efter his chemotherapy haed stappit wirkin, he unnerwint [[CAR T cell|CAR T-cell therapy]] as pairt o an Australian [[clinical trial]]. He said a recent scan shawed nae cancer in his bouk, an he advocatit wider access tae the treatment fur bluid cancer patients in Austrailie an New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cain|first=Sian|date=2026-04-29|title=Sam Neill announces he is cancer-free after taking part in Australian clinical trial: ‘I’m very, very excited’|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/apr/29/sam-neill-cancer-free-clinical-trial|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Neill dee'd in [[Sydney]], Austrailie on 13 Julie 2026, aged 78. He wis cancer-free at the time o his daith, that his faimily descrieved as "sudden an unexpectit". He haed been experiencin heal problems caused bi a compromised immune seestem an haed pneumonie afore his daith.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cain|first=Sian|date=2026-07-16|title=Sam Neill’s cause of death revealed to be pneumonia|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/jul/16/sam-neill-died-cause-of-death-pneumonia|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-16|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ==Actin credits an accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awairds an nominations received bi Sam Neill !Year !Organisations !Category !Nominatit wirk !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |1985 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Golwen Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Reilly, Ace of Spies|''Reilly: Ace of Spies'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg">{{citation|title=Sam Neill - Golden Globes|language=en-US|work=Golden Globes|date=2023-10-25|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/sam-neill/}}</ref> |- |1989 | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Evil Angels (film)|''Evil Angels / A Cry in the Dark'']] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1989: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1980-1989/year/1989/}}</ref> |- |1991 |''[[Death in Brunswick]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1991: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1991/}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |''One Against the Wind'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- | rowspan="3" |1993 |[[AACTA Awairds|AFI Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[The Piano]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=1993: Winners & Nominees|language=en|work=[[AACTA Awards]]|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.aacta.org/aacta-awards/winners-and-nominees/range/1990-1999/year/1993/}}</ref> |- |American Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Miniseries |''[[Family Pictures]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |[[Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)|''Memoirs of an Invisible Man'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Past Winners Database|work=theenvelope.latimes.com|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175755/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1992/1992sat.htm|archive-date=2006-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |Onwab Film & Telly Awairds |Best Actor in a Motion Pictur or Miniseries | rowspan="2" |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Film |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{citation|title=Outstanding Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or Special 1998 - Nominees & Winners Emmy Awards|language=en|work=Television Academy|access-date=2026-07-14|url=https://www.televisionacademy.com/awards/nominees-winners/1998/outstanding-lead-actor-in-a-miniseries-or-a-movie}}</ref> |- |[[Fangoria Chainsaw Awairds]] |Best Actor |[[Event Horizon (film)|''Event Horizon'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 |[[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globes Awairds]] | [[Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film|Best Actor – Miniseries or Telly Film]] |[[Merlin (miniseries)|''Merlin'']] |{{Nominated}} |<ref name="gg"/> |- |[[Blockbuster Entertainment Awairds]] |Favourite Supportin Actor – Drama/Romance |[[The Horse Whisperer (film)|''The Horse Whisperer'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2000 |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |''[[My Mother Frank]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2001 |Ft. Lauderdale Internaitional Film Fest |Best Actor |[[The Zookeeper (2001 film)|''The Zookeeper'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Male |''[[The Dish]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 | rowspan="3" |[[Australian Film Institute|AFI – Australian Film Institute]] |Best Telefeatur or Mini-Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Direction in Telly |{{Nominated}} | |- |Best Leadin Actor in a Telly Drama or Comedy | rowspan="2" |[[Jessica (miniseries)|''Jessica'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2005 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Won}} | |- |Maist Ootstaundin Mini-Series / Telemovie |''[[The Brush-Off]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Performance bi an Actor in a Leadin Role |[[Perfect Strangers (2003 film)|''Perfect Strangers'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor in a Supportin Role |[[Little Fish (2005 film)|''Little Fish'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2006 |[[Academy o Science Fiction, Fantasie an Horror Films|Saturn Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor on Telly |[[The Triangle (miniseries)|''The Triangle'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 | [[Gemini Awairds]] | Best Supportin Actor in a Dramatic Series | rowspan="2" |''[[The Tudors]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Monte-Carlo Telly Fest|Monte-Carlo TV Fest]] |Ootstaundin Actor – Drama Series |{{Nominated}} | |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Qantas Film an Telly Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Featur Film |''[[Dean Spanley]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Best Supportin Actor in a Featur Film |[[Under the Mountain (film)|''Under the Mountain'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Screen Directors Guild o New Zealand|New Zealand Screen Awairds]] |Best New Zealand Export | |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Hunter (2011 Australian film)|''The Hunter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |''[[House of Hancock]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |Australian Film Convention |AIMC Lifetime Achievement Awaird | |{{Won}} | |- |Film Club's The Lost Weekend Awairds | rowspan="3" |Best Supportin Actor | rowspan="3" |''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|Rialto Channel New Zealand Film Awairds]] |{{Won}} | |- |[[North Carolina Film Critics Association|NCFCA Awards]] |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Primetime Emmy Awairds]] |Ootstaundin Narrator |''New Zealand: Earth's Mythical Islands'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role | rowspan="2" |[[The Daughter (2015 film)|''The Daughter'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] | rowspan="2" |Best Supportin Actor |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |[[Sweet Country (2017 film)|''Sweet Country'']] |{{Won}} | |- |[[Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie|Film Creetics Raing o Austrailie Awairds]] |Best Actor – Supportin Role |{{Nominated}} | |- |[[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Telly Awairds]] |Best Presenter: Entertainment |''The Pacific: In The Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill'' |{{Won}} | |- |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Longford Lyell Award | rowspan="3" | |{{Won}} | |- |The Equity Ensemble Awairds |Equity New Zealand Lifetime Achievement Awaird |{{Won}} | |- |[[Sitges Film Fest|Sitges – Catalonian Internaitional Film Fest]] |Grand Honorary Awaird |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Australian Film Creetics Association|AFCA Awairds]] |Best Supportin Actor |''[[Ride Like a Girl]]'' |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor |[[Rams (2020 film)|''Rams'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- |2022 |Best Lead Actor In A Drama | rowspan="5" |[[The Twelve (Australian TV series)|''The Twelve'']] |{{Nominated}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Logie Awairds]] |Maist Ootstaundin Actor |{{Nominated}} | |- |TV Week Silver Logie Fur Maist Popular Actor |{{Won}} | |- |2025 |[[AACTA Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor In A Drama |{{Nominated}} | |- |2025 |[[Logie Awairds]] |Best Lead Actor in a Drama |{{won}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Velvet |title=Logies 2025 winners list: Fisk sweeps comedy categories |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |access-date=2026-07-14 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805080433/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-04/logies-2025-winners-list-gold-logie/105594186 |archive-date=2025-08-05 |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Reputation an honours == Neill's career, that spanned ower five decades, involvit leadin roles in baith [[Independent film|independent films]] an [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbusters]]. Considered an "internaitional leadin man", he wis regardit as ane o the maist versatile actors o his generation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sam Neill|url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=NZ On Screen|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Revel in the versatile charm of Sam Neill|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/whats-on/article/revel-in-the-versatile-charm-of-sam-neill/ts1s8pglx|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=SBS Movies|language=en}}</ref> He wis the recipient o the [[AACTA Awaird fur Best Actor in a Leadin Role]], the [[Longford Lyell Awaird]], the [[New Zealand film an telly awairds|New Zealand Film Awaird]], an the [[Logie Awaird fur Maist Ootstaundin Actor]]. He forby received three [[Gowden Globes|Gowden Globe]] an twa [[Primetime Emmy Awairds|Primetime Emmy Awaird]] nominations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awards for Sam Neill|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000554/awards|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> He wan the [[Logie Awairds o 2023|Silver Logie fur Maist Popular Actor]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gossling|first=Kahla Preston and Bronte|date=2023-07-31|title=Sam Neill wins most popular actor silver Logie: 'I think there has been a mistake'|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/tv-radio/300939381/sam-neill-wins-most-popular-actor-silver-logie-i-think-there-has-been-a-mistake|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[Stuff (wabsteid)|Stuff]]|language=en}}</ref> at the 2023 Logies. Neill wis appyntit an [[Officer o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] in the [[1991 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1991 Queen's Birthday Honours]], fur services as an actor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1991-06-15|title=No. 52564|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/52564/supplement/30|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[The London Gazette]]}}</ref> In the [[2007 Ne'er's Honours (New Zealand)|2007 Ne'er's Honours]], he wis appyntit a [[New Zealand Order o Merit|Distinguished Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit]] (DCNZM).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-12-30|title=New Year Honours List 2007|url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/publications/new-year-honours-list-2007|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|language=en}}</ref> Whan knichthuids wur returned tae the [[New Zealand ryal honours seestem]] in 2009, thaim wi DCNZM or heicher honours wis gien the option o convertin thaim intae knichthuids. Houiver, in Juin 2022, he acceptit redesignation as a [[New Zealand Order o Merit|Knicht Companion o the New Zealand Order o Merit]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-14|title=Redesignation in the New Zealand Order of Merit|url=https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2022-vr2365|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=[[New Zealand Gazette]]}}</ref> Neill wis awairdit an honorary [[Doctor o Letters]] degree bi the [[Varsity o Canterbury]] in 2002. He wis awairdit the 2019 Equity New Zealand Lifetime achievement awaird, celebratin his distinguished performance career, as weel as his leadership an mentorin towards ithers in the actin industrie.<ref name=":6" /> In 2020, he received an [[Airts Foondation o New Zealand]] Icon Awaird, an honour limitit tae 20 livin recipients at ony ane time.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-04|title=The 2020 Arts Foundation Icon Award Whakamana Hiranga Recipients Announced|url=https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU2007/S00023/the-2020-arts-foundation-icon-award-whakamana-hiranga-recipients-announced.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2026-07-17|website=Scoop Culture}}</ref> ==Bibliography== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Publisher !Pages !Notes |- |2023 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Penguin Books|Lunnon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |400 |Booktopia's Tap 10 Favourite Beuks, 2024 |- |2024 |''Did I Ever Tell You This? A Memoir'' (fully revised an updatit wi new writin) |[[Text Publishing|Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company]] [[Text Publishing|Lunndon: Michael Joseph Ltd.]] |432 | |} ==See an aw== * [[Leet o celebrities wha awn wineries an vineyards]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{Instagram|samneilltheprop}} * {{Twitter|TwoPaddocks}} * {{IMDb name|554}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|sam_neill|Sam Neill}} * {{Discogs airtist|Sam Neill (2)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neill, Sam}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:2026 daiths]] [[Category:1970s in New Zealand cinema]] [[Category:20t-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:20t-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:21st-century male actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century memoirists frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male actors]] [[Category:21st-century New Zealand male writers]] [[Category:Actors awairdit knichthuids]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Tyrone]] [[Category:Actors frae Otago]] [[Category:Audiobeuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Actor AACTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Logie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Longford Lyell Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Male film actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:Male televeesion actors frae Northren Ireland]] [[Category:New Zealand documentary film directors]] [[Category:New Zealand male film actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand male televeesion actors]] [[Category:New Zealand male vyce actors]] [[Category:New Zealand memoirists]] [[Category:New Zealand Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand screenwriters]] [[Category:New Zealand televeesion producers]] [[Category:New Zealand winemakers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Christ's College, Christchurch]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Medbury Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Northren Ireland o New Zealand strynd]] [[Category:Fowk frae Omey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Queenstown, New Zealand]] [[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]] [[Category:Victoria Varsity o Wellington alumni]] l6yg4g6q0h9h587sq987fk6v6f46a6u 0 132829 923791 923548 2026-09-30T03:35:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = |name = Sir Thomas More |honorific-suffix = |image = Hans Holbein, the Younger - Sir Thomas More - Google Art Project.jpg |imagesize = 220px |caption = ''Sir Thomas More'',<br>by [[Hans Holbein the Younger]], 1527 |office = [[Laird Chancellor]] |term_start = October 1529 |term_end = Mey 1532 |monarch = [[Henry VIII]] |preceded = [[Thomas Wolsey]] |succeeded = [[Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley o Walden|Thomas Audley]] |office1 = [[Chancellor o the Duchy o Lancaster]] |term_start1 = 31 December 1525 |term_end1 = 3 November 1529 |monarch1 = [[Henry VIII]] |preceded1 = [[Richard Wingfield]] |succeeded1 = [[William FitzWilliam, 1st Earl o Southampton|William FitzWilliam]] |office2 = [[Leet o Speakers o the Hoose o Commons o Igland|Speaker o the Hoose o Commons]] |term_start2 = 16 Aprile 1523 |term_end2 = 13 August 1523 |monarch2 = [[Henry VIII]] |preceded2 = [[Thomas Nevill]] |succeeded2 = [[Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden|Thomas Audley]] |birth_date = 7 February 1478 |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1535|7|6|1478|2|7 }} |birth_place = [[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]] |death_place =Lunnon, Ingland |restingplace = [[Kirk o St Peter ad Vincula]], [[London]], [[Ingland]] |restingplacecoordinates = {{Coord|51.508611|-0.076944|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline}} |spouse = {{Marriage|Jane Colt|1505}}<br />{{Marriage|[[Alice, Lady More|Alice Harpur]]|1511}} |children = [[Margaret Roper|Margaret]]<br />Elizabeth<br />Cicely<br />John |alma_mater = [[Varsity o Oxford]]<br>[[Lincoln's Inn]] |religion = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]] |signature = Thomas More Signature.svg }} '''Sir Thomas More''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɔr}}; 7 Februar 1478{{spaced ndash}}6 Julie 1535), [[veneration|venerate]] bi [[Catholic Kirk|Catholics]] as '''Saunt Thomas More''',<ref>[http://savior.org/saints/more.htm St. Thomas More, 1478–1535] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225213323/http://www.savior.org/saints/more.htm |date=2019-12-25 }} at Savior.org</ref><ref>[http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/rep_canonization.html Homily at the Canonization of St. Thomas More] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125607/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/rep_canonization.html |date=2016-03-04 }} at The Center for Thomas More Studies at the University of Dallas, 2010, citing text "Recorded in The Tablet, June 1, 1935, pp. 694–695"</ref> wis an Inglis lawyer, [[social filosofer]], author, [[Politeecian|statesman]] an notit [[Renaissance humanism|Renaissance humanist]]. He wis forby a cooncillor tae [[Henry VIII o Ingland|Henry VIII]], an [[Laird Chancellor|Laird Heich Chancellor o England]] frae October 1529 tae 16 Mey 1532.<ref>Linder, Douglas O. [http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/more/morechrono.html The Trial of Sir Thomas More: A Chronology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226034704/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/PROJECTS/FTRIALS/more/morechrono.html |date=2019-12-26 }} {{Cite web |url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/PROJECTS/FTRIALS/more/morechrono.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2026-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226034704/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/PROJECTS/FTRIALS/more/morechrono.html |archive-date=2019-12-26 |url-status=dead}} at University Of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School Of Law</ref> He wrote ''[[Utopia (beuk)|Utopia]]'', published in 1516, aboot the poleetical seestem o an imaiginar, ideal island naition. More opponed the [[Protestant Reformation]], in pairteecular the theology o [[Martin Luther]], [[Henry VIII]], [[John Calvin]] an [[William Tyndale]]. More forby opponed the king's separation frae the [[Catholic Kirk]], refuisin tae acknawledge Henry as [[Supreme Heid o the Kirk o Ingland]] an the annulment o his mairiage tae [[Catherine o Aragon]]. Efter refuisin tae tak the [[Aith o Owerins]], he wis convictit o [[traison]] an executit. O his execution, he wis reportit tae hae said: "A dee the Keeng's guid servand, an God's first". [[Pape Pius XI]] besauntit More in 1935 as a [[mairtyrs|mairtyr]]. [[Pape John Paul II]] in 2000 declared him the [[patron saunt]] "o Statesmen an Politeecians".<ref name=JP2PatronSaint>[[Apostolic letter]] issued ''[[motu proprio]]'' proclaiming Saint Thomas More Patron of Statesmen and Politicians, 31 October 2000 [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20001031_thomas-more_en.html Vatican.va]</ref> Syne 1980, the [[Kirk o Ingland]] haes mindit More leeturgically as a Reformation martyr.<ref name="CofEholyDays">{{cite web|url=http://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/the-calendar/holydays.aspx|title=Holy Days|work=Worship – The Calendar|publisher=[[Church of England]]|year=2011|accessdate=20 April 2011|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225084824/https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/join-us-daily-prayer|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Soviet Union]] honoured him for the purportitly [[communist]] attitude taewart guids an gear richts expressed in ''Utopia''.<ref name=Margaret-L-King01a>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=a63xAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA157&dq=%22Thomas+More%22+Kremlin#v=onepage&q=%22Thomas%20More%22%20Kremlin&f=false |title=Renaissance Humanism: An Anthology of Sources|publisher=[[Hackett Publishing]]|author=Margaret L. King|page=157 | date=2014|isbn=978-1-62466-146-4|accessdate=20 December 2014|quote=Hailed as a Communist hero by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Karl Kautsky, More's contribution to "the liberation of humankind" is commemorated, at Lenin's suggestion, on a monument erected in 1918 in Aleksandrovsky Garden near the Kremlin.[12]...[12] J.A.Guy, Thomas More (London, New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 95–96}}</ref><ref name=University-of-Dallas01a>{{cite web|url=http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/g-c1.html|title=The Center for Thomas More Studies – Art > Gallery > Moscow|publisher=The Center for Thomas More Studies at The [[University of Dallas]]|date=2010|accessdate=20 December 2014|quote=This monument, suggested by Lenin and built in 1918, lists Thomas More (ninth from the top) among the most influential thinkers "who promoted the liberation of humankind from oppression, arbitrariness, and exploitation." It is in Aleksndrovsky Garden near the Kremlin.|archive-date=2019-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115073923/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/g-c1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=afoniya01a>{{cite web |url=https://afoniya.wordpress.com/2013/07/10/on-the-removal-of-a-moscow-statue/ |title=On the removal of a Moscow statue|author=afoniya| date=10 July 2013 |accessdate=20 December 2014|quote=What was known as the Stele of Freedom or the [[Alexander Garden Obelisk|Obelisk of Revolutionary Thinkers]] has been dismantled apparently to be reinstalled in some months time as a monument to the Romanov Dynasty. This historically symbolic act was carried out on July 2 completely unannounced … The obelisk was one of the most interesting statues historically and ideologically because of the kind of names that it had on the statue. This was not simply a case of Marx, Engels, Lenin. It was (it seems) the first revolutionary monument to be opened after the revolution of 1917 and, in a non-dogmatic spirit, it included the names of anarchists, reformist socialists and even that of Thomas More.}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:More, Thomas}} [[Category:1478 births]] [[Category:1535 daiths]] [[Category:16t-century Christian saunts]] [[Category:16t-century Inglis writers]] [[Category:16t-century historians]] [[Category:16t-century Laitin-leid writers]] [[Category:16t-century novelists]] [[Category:16t-century Roman Catholic martyrs]] [[Category:Anglican saunts]] [[Category:Anti-Protestantism]] [[Category:Chancellors o the Duchy o Lancaster]] [[Category:Christian humanists]] [[Category:Early Modren philosophers]] [[Category:Inglis Catholic poets]] [[Category:Inglis non-feection writers]] [[Category:Inglis releegious writers]] [[Category:Inglis Renaissance humanists]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholic saunts]] [[Category:Inglis saunts]] [[Category:Executit filosofers]] [[Category:Executit writers]] [[Category:Executions at the Touer o Lunnon]] [[Category:Creautors o writin seestems]] [[Category:Laird Chancellors o Ingland]] [[Category:Members o Lincoln's Inn]] [[Category:Members o the Privy Cooncil o Ingland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Magdalen College Schuil, Oxford]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi the Varsity o Oxford]] [[Category:Christian martyrs executit bi decapitation]] [[Category:Fowk executit unner the Tudors for treason against Ingland]] [[Category:Fowk frae the Ceety o Lunnon]] [[Category:Prisoners in the Touer o Lunnon]] [[Category:Roman Catholic filosofers]] [[Category:Roman Catholic writers]] [[Category:Early modren Christian devotional writers]] [[Category:Canonisations bi Pape Pius XI]] [[Category:Utopian socialists]] [[Category:Utopists]] [[Category:Third Order o Saunt Francis]] [[Category:Franciscan martyrs]] [[Category:Franciscan saunts]] [[Category:Fowk executit bi Tudor Ingland bi decapitation]] [[Category:Fowk frae Lunnon executit bi decapitation]] [[Category:Fowk executit unner Henry VIII o Ingland]] [[Category:Inglis MPs 1504]] [[Category:Inglis MPs 1510]] [[Category:Inglis MPs 1523]] [[Category:Speakers o the Hoose o Commons o Ingland]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o Ingland for the Ceety o Lunnon]] [[Category:Buirials at St. Peter ad Vincula (Lunnon)]] [[Category:More faimily]] [[Category:Breetish male poets]] [[Category:Inglis male novelists]] r8d15xjh6y87zbsvr7emasy5zu7dzmx 0 133584 923733 922659 2026-09-29T15:03:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923733 wikitext text/x-wiki Thiss leet incloodes aw fowk wha hae been [[Preses o the Unitit States]]. ==Leet o preses== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=9 | {{Legend2|#FFFFFF|[[Independent politeecian|Unaffiliated]]&nbsp;(2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{Federalist Pairty/meta/color}}|[[Federalist Pairty|Federalist]]&nbsp;(1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{Democratic-Republican Pairty/meta/color}}|[[Democratic-Republican Pairty|Democratic-Republican]]&nbsp;(4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}|[[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]]&nbsp;(15)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{Whig Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}|[[Whig Pairty (Unitit States)|Whig]]&nbsp;(4)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}|[[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]]&nbsp;(19)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{National Union Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}|[[Naitional Union Pairty (Unitit States)|Naitional Union]]&nbsp;(2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |- ! colspan=2 | Presidency{{Efn|name="No"}} ! colspan=2 | Preses ! Prior office{{Efn|name="office"}} ! colspan=2 | Pairty{{Efn|name="2Party"}} ! Term{{Efn|name="term"}} ! style="width:18%;" | Vice Preses |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o George Washington|1]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 30, 1789</span><br/>{{Efn|name="Washington-term"}}<br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1797</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 style="width:19%;" | '''<big>[[George Washington]]</big>'''<br/>1732&ndash;1799<br/><small>(Lived: 67 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgewashington |title=George Washington |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/george-washington |title=George Washington |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?121783-1/life-portrait-george-washington |title=Life Portrait of George Washington |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]] |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Continental Airmy|Commander-in-Chief<br/>o the<br/>Continental Airmy]]<br/><small>([[George Washington in the American Revolution|1775&ndash;1783]]) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{/meta/color}}" |&nbsp; | rowspan=2 | ''Unaffiliatit''<br/><ref name=GWpps>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/dec/31/george-washingtons-views-political-parties-america/|title=George Washington's views on political parties in America|last=Jamison|first=Dennis|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=''[[The Washington Times]]''|accessdate=July 1, 2016}}</ref> | class=nowrap | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1788–89|1788&ndash;89]])</small><br/>1<br/><small>([[First inauguration o George Washington|1789]]) | rowspan=2 | [[John Adams]]<br/>{{Efn|name="Adams-party"}}{{efn|name="Adams-term"}} |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1792|1792]])</small><br/>2<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o George Washington|1793]]) |- | [[Presidency o John Adams|2]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1797</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1801</span> |[[File:Official Presidential portrait of John Adams (by John Trumbull, circa 1792).jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[John Adams]]</big>'''<br/>1735&ndash;1826<br/><small>(Lived: 90 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johnadams |title=John Adams |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-adams |title=John Adams |website=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|History]]|date=<!--Not stated--> |author=<!--Not stated--> |accessdate= 21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?121951-1/life-portrait-john-adams |title=Life Portrait of John Adams |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|1st<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | style="background-color:{{Federalist Pairty/meta/color}}" | | [[Federalist Pairty|Federalist]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1796|1796]])</small><br/>3<br/><small>([[Inauguration o John Adams|1797]]) | [[Thomas Jefferson]]<br/>{{Efn|name="Jefferson-party"}} |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Thomas Jefferson|3]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1801</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1809</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Thomas Jefferson]]</big>'''<br/>1743&ndash;1826<br/><small>(Lived: 83 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/thomasjefferson |title=Thomas Jefferson |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/thomas-jefferson |title=Thomas Jefferson |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?121787-1/life-portrait-thomas-jefferson |title=Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|2nt<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic-Republican Pairty/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic-Republican Pairty|Democratic-<br/>Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1800|1800]])</small><br/>4<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Thomas Jefferson|1801]]) | [[Aaron Burr]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1801</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1805</span> |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1804|1804]])</small><br/>5<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Thomas Jefferson|1805]]) | [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1805</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1809</span> |- | rowspan=4 | [[Presidency o James Madison|4]] | rowspan=4 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1809</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1817</span> | rowspan=4 | [[File:James Madison.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=4 | '''<big>[[James Madison]]</big>'''<br/>1751&ndash;1836<br/><small>(Lived: 85 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesmadison |title=James Madison |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-madison |title=James Madison |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?122316-1/life-portrait-james-madison |title=Life Portrait of James Madison |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=4 | [[Unitit States Secretar o State|5t<br/>Unitit States Secretar o State]]<br/><small>(1801&ndash;1809) | rowspan=4 style="background-color:{{Democratic-Republican Pairty/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=4 | [[Democratic-Republican Pairty|Democratic-<br/>Republican]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1808|1808]])</small><br/>6<br/><small>([[First inauguration o James Madison|1809]]) | [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1809</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 20, 1812</span><br/>''(Died in office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of Clinton's term)''}} |- | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1812|1812]])</small><br/>7<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o James Madison|1813]]) | [[Elbridge Gerry]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1813</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">November 23, 1814</span><br/>''(Died in office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of Gerry's term)''}} |- | rowspan=2 | 5 | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1817</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1825</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:James Monroe White House portrait 1819.gif|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[James Monroe]]</big>'''<br/>1758&ndash;1831<br/><small>(Lived: 73 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesmonroe |title=James Monroe |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121013243/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesmonroe |archive-date=2017-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-monroe |title=James Monroe |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?122387-1/life-portrait-james-monroe |title=Life Portrait of James Monroe |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Unitit States Secretar o State|7t<br/>Unitit States Secretar o State]]<br/><small>(1811&ndash;1817) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic-Republican Pairty/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic-Republican Pairty|Democratic-<br/>Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1816|1816]])</small><br/>8<br/><small>([[First inauguration o James Monroe|1817]]) | rowspan=2 | [[Daniel D. Tompkins]] |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1820|1820]])</small><br/>9<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o James Monroe|1821]]) |- | 6 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1825</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1829</span> | [[File:JQA Photo.tif|165px]] | '''<big>[[John Quincy Adams]]</big>'''<br/>1767&ndash;1848<br/><small>(Lived: 80 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johnquincyadams|title=John Quincy Adams |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-quincy-adams |title=John Quincy Adams |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?122555-1/life-portrait-john-quincy-adams |title=Life Portrait of John Quincy Adams |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Secretar o State|8t<br/>Unitit States Secretar o State]]<br/><small>(1817&ndash;1825) | style="background-color:{{Democratic-Republican Pairty/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic-Republican Pairty|Democratic-<br/>Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1824|1824]])</small><br/>10<br/><small>([[Inauguration o John Quincy Adams|1825]]) | [[John C. Calhoun]] |- | rowspan=3 | [[Presidency o Andrew Jackson|7]] | rowspan=3 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1829</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1837</span> | rowspan=3 | [[File:Andrew Jackson Daguerrotype-crop.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=3 | '''<big>[[Andrew Jackson]]</big>'''<br/>1767&ndash;1845<br/><small>(Lived: 78 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/andrewjackson|title=Andrew Jackson |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson |title=Andrew Jackson |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?122792-1/life-portrait-andrew-jackson |title=Life Portrait of Andrew Jackson |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=3 | [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]] <span class="detail 2" style="display: none;">([[Classes of Unitit States Senators|Cless 2]])</span> <span class="detail 1" style="white-space:nowrap;">frae [[Tennessee]]</span><br/><small>(1823&ndash;1825) | rowspan=3 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=3 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1828|1828]])</small><br/>11<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Andrew Jackson|1829]]) | [[John C. Calhoun]]<br/>{{Efn|name="Calhoun-party"}}<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1829</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">December 28, 1832</span><br/>''(Resigned from office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of Calhoun's term)''}} |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1832|1832]])</small><br/>12<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Andrew Jackson|1833]]) | [[Martin Van Buren]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1833</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1837</span> |- | 8 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1837</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1841</span> | [[File:Martin Van Buren edit.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Martin Van Buren]]</big>'''<br/>1782&ndash;1862<br/><small>(Lived: 79 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/martinvanburen |title=Martin Van Buren |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2017-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019201413/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/martinvanburen |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/martin-van-buren |title=Martin Van Buren |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?122988-1/life-portrait-martin-van-buren |title=Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|8t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1836|1836]])</small><br/>13<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Martin Van Buren|1837]]) | [[Richard Mentor Johnson]] |- | 9 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1841</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 4, 1841</span><br/><small>''(Died in office)'' | [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[William Henry Harrison]]</big>'''<br/>1773&ndash;1841<br/><small>(Lived: 68 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williamhenryharrison |title=William Henry Harrison |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2017-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122042510/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williamhenryharrison |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/william-henry-harrison |title=William Henry Harrison |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?123123-1/life-portrait-william-henry-harrison |title=Life Portrait of William Henry Harrison |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Ambassador tae Colombie|Unitit States Meenister tae Colombie]]<br/><small>(1828&ndash;1829) | style="background-color:{{Whig Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Whig Party (Unitit States)|Whig]] | rowspan=3 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1840|1840]])</small><br/>14<br/><small>([[Inauguration o William Henry Harrison|1841]])<br/>([[Inauguration o John Tyler|1841]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[John Tyler]]<br/><small>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | rowspan=2 | 10 | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 4, 1841<br/>{{Efn|name="Tyler-oath"}}</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1845</span> | rowspan=2 |[[File:Tyler Daguerreotype crop (restoration).jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 |'''<big>[[John Tyler]]</big>'''<br/>1790&ndash;1862<br/><small>(Lived: 71 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johntyler|title=John Tyler |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-tyler |title=John Tyler |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?123380-1/life-portrait-john-tyler |title=Life Portrait of John Tyler |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|10t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | style="background-color:{{Whig Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Whig Party (Unitit States)|Whig]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 4, 1841</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">September 13, 1841</span> | rowspan=2 {{CNone|''Office vacant''}} |- | style="background-color:{{/meta/color}}" | | ''Unaffiliated''<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">September 13, 1841</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1845</span></small><br/>{{Efn|name="Tyler-party"}} |- | 11 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1845</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1849</span> | [[File:JKP.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[James K. Polk]]</big>'''<br/>1795&ndash;1849<br/><small>(Lived: 53 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamespolk |title=James K. Polk |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2017-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122042541/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamespolk |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-polk |title=James K. Polk |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?123943-1/life-portrait-james-k-polk |title=Life Portrait of James K. Polk |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Govrenor o Tennessee|9t<br/>Govrenor o Tennessee]]<br/><small>(1839&ndash;1841) | style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1844|1844]])</small><br/>15<br/><small>([[Inauguration o James K. Polk|1845]]) | [[George M. Dallas]] |- | 12 |<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1849</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Julie 9, 1850</span><br/><small>''(Died in office)'' | [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.png|165px]] | '''<big>[[Zachary Taylor]]</big>'''<br/>1784&ndash;1850<br/><small>(Lived: 65 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/zacharytaylor |title=Zachary Taylor |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/zachary-taylor |title=Zachary Taylor |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?123944-1/life-portrait-zachary-taylor |title=Life Portrait of Zachary Taylor |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Major general (Unitit States)|Major General]] o the [[1st Infantry Regiment (Unitit States)|1st Infantry Regiment]]<br/>[[Unitit States Airmy]] <br/><small>(1846&ndash;1849)<br/>''(No prior elected office)'' | style="background-color:{{Whig Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Whig Party (Unitit States)|Whig]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1848|1848]])</small><br/>16<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Zachary Taylor|1849]])<br/>([[Inauguration o Millard Fillmore|1850]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[Millard Fillmore]]<br/><small>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | 13 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Julie 9, 1850<br/>{{Efn|name="Fillmore-oath"}}</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1853 | [[File:Millard Fillmore by Brady Studio 1855-65-crop.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Millard Fillmore]]</big>'''<br/>1800&ndash;1874<br/><small>(Lived: 74 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/millardfillmore|title=Millard Fillmore |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/millard-fillmore |title=Millard Fillmore |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?124976-1/life-portrait-millard-fillmore |title=Life Portrait of Millard Fillmore |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|12t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | style="background-color:{{Whig Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Whig Party (Unitit States)|Whig]] | {{CNone|''Office vacant''}} |- | rowspan=2 | 14 | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1853</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1857</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Franklin Pierce - 1.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Franklin Pierce]]</big>'''<br/>1804&ndash;1869<br/><small>(Lived: 64 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/franklinpierce |title=Franklin Pierce |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/franklin-pierce |title=Franklin Pierce |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?125004-1/life-portrait-franklin-pierce |title=Life Portrait of Franklin Pierce |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Brigadier general (Unitit States)|Brigadier General]] o the [[9t Infantry Regiment (Unitit States)|9t Infantry]]<br/>[[Unitit States Airmy]]<br/><small>(1847&ndash;1848) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1852|1852]])</small><br/>17<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Franklin Pierce|1853]]) | [[William R. King]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 18, 1853</span><br/>''(Died in office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of King's term)''}} |- | 15 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1857</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1861</span> | [[File:James Buchanan.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[James Buchanan]]</big>'''<br/>1791&ndash;1868<br/><small>(Lived: 77 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesbuchanan |title=James Buchanan |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-buchanan |title=James Buchanan |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?125214-1/life-portrait-james-buchanan |title=Life Portrait of James Buchanan |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Ambassador to the United Kingdom|Unitit States Meenister]] to the<br/>[[Court of St James's]]<br/><small>(1853&ndash;1856) | style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1856|1856]])</small><br/>18<br/><small>([[Inauguration o James Buchanan|1857]]) | [[John C. Breckinridge]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Abraham Lincoln|16]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1861</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 15, 1865</span><br/><small>''([[Assassination o Abraham Lincoln|Died in office]])'' | rowspan=2 | [[File:Abraham_Lincoln_O-116_by_Gardner,_1865-crop.png|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Abraham Lincoln]]</big>'''<br/>1809&ndash;1865<br/><small>(Lived: 56 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/abrahamlincoln |title=Abraham Lincoln |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2017-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121014605/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/abrahamlincoln |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln |title=Abraham Lincoln |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?125640-1/life-portrait-abraham-lincoln |title=Life Portrait of Abraham Lincoln |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Unitit States Hoose o Representatives|U.S. Representative]] for [[Illinois's 7t congressional destrict|Illinois' 7t Destrict]]<br/><small>(1847&ndash;1849) | style="background:#f33;"| | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]]<br/><small>([[National Union Party (Unitit States)|National Union]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="union"}} | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1860|1860]])</small><br/>19<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Abraham Lincoln|1861]]) | [[Hannibal Hamlin]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1861</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1865</span> |- | style="background-color:{{National Union Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=3 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1864|1864]])</small><br/>20<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Abraham Lincoln|1865]])<br/>([[Inauguration o Andrew Johnson|1865]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[Andrew Johnson]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 15, 1865</span><br/>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | rowspan=2 | 17 | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 15, 1865</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1869</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Andrew Johnson photo portrait head and shoulders, c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Andrew Johnson]]</big>'''<br/>1808&ndash;1875<br/><small>(Lived: 66 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/andrewjohnson |title=Andrew Johnson |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-johnson |title=Andrew Johnson |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?150104-1/life-portrait-andrew-johnson |title=Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|16t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | style="background-color:{{National Union Party (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[National Union Party (Unitit States)|National Union]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 15, 1865</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">{{circa|lk=no|1868}}</span></small> | rowspan=2 {{CNone|''Office vacant''}} |- | style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">{{circa|lk=no|1868}}</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1869</span></small><br/>{{Efn|name="Johnson-party"}} |- | rowspan=3 | [[Presidency o Ulysses S. Grant|18]] | rowspan=3 |<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1869</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1877</span> | rowspan=3 | [[File:Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=3 | '''<big>[[Ulysses S. Grant]]</big>'''<br/>1822&ndash;1885<br/><small>(Lived: 63 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/ulyssessgrant |title=Ulysses S. Grant |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/ulysses-s-grant |title=Ulysses S. Grant |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?150209-1/life-portrait-ulysses-s-grant |title=Life Portrait of Ulysses S. Grant |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=3 | [[Commanding General o the Unitit States Airmy|Commanding General <span style="white-space:nowrap;">o the U.S. Airmy</span>]]<br/><small>([[Ulysses S. Grant as commanding general, 1865–1869|1864&ndash;1869]])<br/>''(No prior elected office)'' | rowspan=3 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=3 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1868|1868]])</small><br/>21<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Ulysses S. Grant|1869]]) | [[Schuyler Colfax]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1869</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1873</span> |- | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1872|1872]])</small><br/>22<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Ulysses S. Grant|1873]]) | [[Henry Wilson]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1873</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">November 22, 1875</span><br/>''(Died in office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of Wilson's term)''}} |- | 19 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1877</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1881</span> | [[File:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Rutherford B. Hayes]]</big>'''<br/>1822&ndash;1893<br/><small>(Lived: 70 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/rutherfordbhayes |title=Rutherford B. Hayes |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/rutherford-b-hayes |title=Rutherford B. Hayes |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?150637-1/life-portrait-rutherford-b-hayes |title=Life Portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Govrenor o Ohio|29t &amp; 32nt<br/>Govrenor o Ohio]]<br/><small>(1868&ndash;1872 & 1876&ndash;1877) | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1876|1876]])</small><br/>23<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Rutherford B. Hayes|1877]]) | [[William A. Wheeler]] |- | 20 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1881</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">September 19, 1881</span><br/><small>''([[Assassination o James A. Garfield|Died in office]])'' | [[File:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[James A. Garfield]]</big>'''<br/>1831&ndash;1881<br/><small>(Lived: 49 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesgarfield |title=James Garfield |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-a-garfield |title=James A. Garfield |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151093-1/life-portrait-james-garfield |title=Life Portrait of James Garfield |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Hoose o Representatives|U.S. Representative]] for [[Ohio's 19t congressional destrict|Ohio's 19t Destrict]]<br/><small>(1863&ndash;1881) | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1880|1880]])</small><br/>24<br/><small>([[Inauguration o James A. Garfield|1881]])<br/>([[Inauguration o Chester A. Arthur|1881]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[Chester A. Arthur]]<br/><small>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | [[Presidency o Chester A. Arthur|21]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">September 19, 1881<br/>{{Efn|name="Arthur-oath"}}</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1885</span> | [[File:Chester Alan Arthur.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Chester A. Arthur]]</big>'''<br/>1829&ndash;1886<br/><small>(Lived: 57 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/chesterarthur |title=Chester A. Arthur |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/chester-a-arthur |title=Chester A. Arthur |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151431-1/life-portrait-chester-arthur |title=Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|20t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | {{CNone|''Office vacant''}} |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidencies of Grover Cleveland|22]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1885</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1889</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Grover Cleveland - NARA - 518139 (cropped).jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Grover Cleveland]]</big>'''<br/>1837&ndash;1908<br/><small>(Lived: 71 years)</small><br/><ref name="HIS-grover">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/grover-cleveland |title=Grover Cleveland |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref name="AP=grover">{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151466-1/life-portrait-grover-cleveland |title=Life Portrait of Grover Cleveland |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Govrenor o New York|28t<br/>Govrenor o New York]]<br/><small>(1883&ndash;1885) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1884|1884]])</small><br/>25<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Grover Cleveland|1885]]) | [[Thomas A. Hendricks]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">November 25, 1885</span><br/>''(Died in office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of Hendricks' term)''}} |- | [[Presidency o Benjamin Harrison|23]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1889</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1893</span> | [[File:Benjamin Harrison, head and shoulders bw photo, 1896.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Benjamin Harrison]]</big>'''<br/>1833&ndash;1901<br/><small>(Lived: 67 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/benjaminharrison |title=Benjamin Harrison |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/benjamin-harrison |title=Benjamin Harrison |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151616-1/life-portrait-benjamin-harrison |title=Life Portrait of Benjamin Harrison |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]] <span class="detail 2" style="display: none;">([[Classes of Unitit States Senators|Cless 1]])</span> <span class="detail 1" style="white-space:nowrap;">frae [[Indiana]]</span><br/><small>(1881&ndash;1887) | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1888|1888]])</small><br/>26<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Benjamin Harrison|1889]]) | [[Levi P. Morton]] |- | [[Presidencies of Grover Cleveland|24]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1893</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1897</span> | [[File:Grover Cleveland - NARA - 518139 (cropped).jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Grover Cleveland]]</big>'''<br/>1837&ndash;1908<br/><small>(Lived: 71 years)</small><br/><ref name="HIS-grover" /><ref name="AP=grover" /> | [[President o the Unitit States|22nt<br/>President o the Unitit States]]<br/><small>(1885&ndash;1889) | style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1892|1892]])</small><br/>27<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Grover Cleveland|1893]]) | [[Adlai Stevenson I|Adlai Stevenson]] |- | rowspan=3 | [[Presidency o William McKinley|25]] | rowspan=3 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1897</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">September 14, 1901</span><br/><small>''([[Assassination o William McKinley|Died in office]])'' | rowspan=3 | [[File:Mckinley.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=3 | '''<big>[[William McKinley]]</big>'''<br/>1843&ndash;1901<br/><small>(Lived: 58 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williammckinley|title=William McKinley |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/william-mckinley |title=William McKinley |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151617-1/life-portrait-william-mckinley |title=Life Portrait of William McKinley |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=3 | [[Govrenor o Ohio|39th<br/>Govrenor o Ohio]]<br/><small>(1892&ndash;1896) | rowspan=3 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=3 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1896|1896]])</small><br/>28<br/><small>([[First inauguration o William McKinley|1897]]) | [[Garret Hobart]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1897</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">November 21, 1899</span><br/>''(Died in office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of Hobart's term)''}} |- | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1900|1900]])</small><br/>29<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o William McKinley|1901]])<br/>([[First inauguration o Theodore Roosevelt|1901]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[Theodore Roosevelt]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">September 14, 1901<br/>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Theodore Roosevelt|26]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">September 14, 1901</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1909</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Theodore Roosevelt by the Pach Bros.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Theodore Roosevelt]]</big>'''<br/>1858&ndash;1919<br/><small>(Lived: 60 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/theodoreroosevelt |title=Theodore Roosevelt |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/theodore-roosevelt |title=Theodore Roosevelt |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151618-1/life-portrait-theodore-roosevelt |title=Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|25t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | {{CNone|''Office vacant''<br/><small>{{Nowrap|September 14, 1901}} &ndash; {{Nowrap|March 4, 1905}}}} |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1904|1904]])</small><br/>30<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Theodore Roosevelt|1905]]) | [[Charles W. Fairbanks]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1905</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1909</span> |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o William Howard Taft|27]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1909</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1913</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:William Howard Taft, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front.tif|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[William Howard Taft]]</big>'''<br/>1857&ndash;1930<br/><small>(Lived: 72 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williamhowardtaft |title=William Howard Taft |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 13, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/william-howard-taft |title=William Howard Taft |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151620-1/life-portrait-william-howard-taft |title=Life Portrait of William Howard Taft |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Unitit States Secretar o War|42nt<br/>Unitit States Secretar o War]]<br/><small>(1904&ndash;1908) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1908|1908]])</small><br/>31<br/><small>([[Inauguration o William Howard Taft|1909]]) | [[James S. Sherman]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1909</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">October 30, 1912</span><br/>''(Died in office)'' |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant<br/><small>(Balance of Sherman's term)''}} |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Woodrow Wilson|28]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1913</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1921</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Woodrow Wilson]]</big>'''<br/>1856&ndash;1924<br/><small>(Lived: 67 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/woodrowwilson |title=Woodrow Wilson |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 13, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2017-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122042520/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/woodrowwilson |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/woodrow-wilson |title=Woodrow Wilson |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151624-1/life-portrait-woodrow-wilson |title=Life Portrait of Woodrow Wilson |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Govrenor o New Jersey|34t<br/>Govrenor o New Jersey]]<br/><small>(1911&ndash;1913) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1912|1912]])</small><br/>32<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Woodrow Wilson|1913]]) | rowspan=2 | [[Thomas R. Marshall]] |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1916|1916]])</small><br/>33<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Woodrow Wilson|1917]]) |- | [[Presidency o Warren G. Harding|29]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1921</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">August 2, 1923</span><br/><small>''(Died in office)'' | [[File:Warren G Harding-Harris & Ewing.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Warren G. Harding]]</big>'''<br/>1865&ndash;1923<br/><small>(Lived: 57 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/warrenharding |title=Warren G. Harding |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/warren-g-harding |title=Warren G. Harding |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151625-1/life-portrait-warren-g-harding |title=Life Portrait of Warren G. Harding |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]] <span class="detail 2" style="display: none;">([[Classes of Unitit States Senators|Cless 3]])</span> <span class="detail 1" style="white-space:nowrap;">frae [[Ohio]]</span><br/><small>(1915&ndash;1921) | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1920|1920]])</small><br/>34<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Warren G. Harding|1921]])<br/>([[First inauguration o Calvin Coolidge|1923]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[Calvin Coolidge]]<br/><small>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Calvin Coolidge|30]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">August 2, 1923<br/>{{Efn|name="Coolidge-oath"}}</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1929</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Calvin Coolidge cph.3g10777 (cropped).jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Calvin Coolidge]]</big>'''<br/>1872&ndash;1933<br/><small>(Lived: 60 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/calvincoolidge |title=Calvin Coolidge |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 13, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/calvin-coolidge |title=Calvin Coolidge |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151626-1/life-portrait-calvin-coolidge |title=Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|29t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | {{CNone|''Office vacant''<br/><small>{{Nowrap|August 2, 1923}} &ndash; {{Nowrap|March 4, 1925}}}} |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1924|1924]])</small><br/>35<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Calvin Coolidge|1925]]) | [[Charles G. Dawes]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1925</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1929</span> |- | [[Presidency o Herbert Hoover|31]] |<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1929</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1933</span> | [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Herbert Hoover]]</big>'''<br/>1874&ndash;1964<br/><small>(Lived: 90 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/herberthoover |title=Herbert Hoover |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 13, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/herbert-hoover |title=Herbert Hoover |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151627-1/life-portrait-herbert-hoover |title=Life Portrait of Herbert Hoover |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Secretary of Commerce|3rd<br/>Unitit States Secretary of Commerce]]<br/><small>(1921&ndash;1928)<br/>''(No prior elected office)'' | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1928|1928]])</small><br/>36<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Herbert Hoover|1929]]) | [[Charles Curtis]] |- | rowspan=4 | [[Presidency o Franklin D. Roosevelt|32]] | rowspan=4 | Mairch 4, 1933<br/>&ndash;<br/>Aprile 12, 1945<br/><small>''(Died in office)'' | rowspan=4 | [[File:FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.tif|165px]] | rowspan=4 | '''<big>[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]</big>'''<br/>1882&ndash;1945<br/><small>(Lived: 63 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/franklindroosevelt |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 20, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151628-1/life-portrait-franklin-d-roosevelt |title=Life Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt |accessdate=March 6, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=4 | [[Govrenor o New York|44t<br/>Govrenor o New York]]<br/><small>([[Govrenorship o Franklin D. Roosevelt|1929&ndash;1932]]) | rowspan=4 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=4 class="category" | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1932|1932]])</small><br/>37<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Franklin D. Roosevelt|1933]]) | rowspan=2 | [[John Nance Garner]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Mairch 4, 1933</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1941</span></small><br/>{{Efn|name="Amendment_XX-term"}} |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1936|1936]])</small><br/>38<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Franklin D. Roosevelt|1937]]) |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1940|1940]])</small><br/>39<br/><small>([[Third inauguration o Franklin D. Roosevelt|1941]]) | [[Henry A. Wallace]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1941</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1945</span> |- | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1944|1944]])</small><br/>40<br/><small>([[Fowert inauguration o Franklin D. Roosevelt|1945]])<br/>([[First inauguration o Harry S. Truman|1945]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[Harry S. Truman]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 12, 1945</span><br/>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Harry S. Truman|33]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Aprile 12, 1945</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1953</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Truman 58-766-09.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Harry S. Truman]]</big>'''<br/>1884&ndash;1972<br/><small>(Lived: 88 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/harrystruman |title=Harry S. Truman |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/harry-truman |title=Harry Truman |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151629-1/life-portrait-harry-s-truman |title=Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|34t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | {{CNone|''Office vacant''<br/><small>{{Nowrap|April 12, 1945}} &ndash; {{Nowrap|January 20, 1949}}}} |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1948|1948]])</small><br/>41<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Harry S. Truman|1949]]) | [[Alben W. Barkley]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1949</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1953</span> |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Dwight D. Eisenhower|34]] | rowspan=2 |<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1953</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1961</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Dwight D. Eisenhower, official photo portrait, May 29, 1959.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]</big>'''<br/>1890&ndash;1969<br/><small>(Lived: 78 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/dwightdeisenhower |title=Dwight D. Eisenhower |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2017-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121021705/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/dwightdeisenhower |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/dwight-d-eisenhower |title=Dwight D. Eisenhower |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151630-1/life-portrait-dwight-d-eisenhower |title=Life Portrait of Dwight D. Eisenhower |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe|Supreme Allied Commander Europe]]<br/><small>([[Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower|1949&ndash;1952]])<br/>''(No prior elected office)'' | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1952|1952]])</small><br/>42<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Dwight D. Eisenhower|1953]]) | rowspan=2 | [[Richard Nixon]] |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1956|1956]])</small><br/>43<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Dwight D. Eisenhower|1957]]) |- | [[Presidency o John F. Kennedy|35]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1961</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">November 22, 1963</span><br/><small>''([[Assassination o John F. Kennedy|Died in office]])'' | [[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[John F. Kennedy]]</big>'''<br/>1917&ndash;1963<br/><small>(Lived: 46 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johnfkennedy |title=John F. Kennedy |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy |title=John F. Kennedy |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151631-1/life-portrait-john-f-kennedy |title=Life Portrait of John F. Kennedy |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]] <span class="detail 2" style="display: none;">([[Classes of Unitit States Senators|Cless 1]])</span> <span class="detail 1" style="white-space:nowrap;">frae [[Massachusetts]]</span><br/><small>(1953&ndash;1960) | style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | rowspan=2 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1960|1960]])</small><br/>44<br/><small>([[Inauguration o John F. Kennedy|1961]])<br/>([[First inauguration o Lyndon B. Johnson|1963]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} | [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]<br/><small>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Lyndon B. Johnson|36]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">November 22, 1963</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1969</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_Oval_Office_Portrait_(cropped).png|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]</big>'''<br/>1908&ndash;1973<br/><small>(Lived: 64 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/lyndon-b-johnson |title=Lyndon B. Johnson |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151632-1/life-portrait-lyndon-b-johnson |title=Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|37t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | {{CNone|''Office vacant''<br/><small>{{Nowrap|November 22, 1963}} &ndash; {{Nowrap|January 20, 1965}}}} |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1964|1964]])</small><br/>45<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Lyndon B. Johnson|1965]]) | [[Hubert Humphrey]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1965</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1969</span> |- | rowspan=4 | [[Presidency o Richard Nixon|37]] | rowspan=4 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1969</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">August 9, 1974</span><br/><small>''([[Resignation of Richard Nixon|Resigned from office]])'' | rowspan=4 | [[File:Richard M. Nixon, ca. 1935 - 1982 - NARA - 530679.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=4 | '''<big>[[Richard Nixon]]</big>'''<br/>1913&ndash;[[Daith an funeral o Richard Nixon|1994]]<br/><small>(Lived: 81 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/richardnixon |title=Richard M. Nixon |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2017-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121022259/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/richardnixon |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon |title=Richard M. Nixon |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151633-1/life-portrait-richard-m-nixon |title=Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=4 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|36t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]]<br/><small>(1953&ndash;1961) | rowspan=4 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=4 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1968|1968]])</small><br/>46<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Richard Nixon|1969]]) | rowspan=2 | [[Spiro Agnew]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1969</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">October 10, 1973</span><br/>''(Resigned from office)'' |- | rowspan=5 | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1972|1972]])</small><br/>47<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Richard Nixon|1973]])<br/>([[Inauguration o Gerald Ford|1974]])</small><br/>{{Efn|name="intraterm"}} |- | {{CNone|''Office vacant''<br/><small>{{Nowrap|October 10}} &ndash; {{Nowrap|December 6, 1973}}}} |- | [[Gerald Ford]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">December 6, 1973</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">August 9, 1974<br/>''(Succeedit tae presidency)'' |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Gerald Ford|38]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">August 9, 1974</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1977</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Gerald Ford presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Gerald Ford]]</big>'''<br/>1913&ndash;[[Daith an state funeral o Gerald Ford|2006]]<br/><small>(Lived: 93 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/geraldford |title=Gerald R. Ford |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/gerald-r-ford|title=Gerald Ford |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151634-1/life-portrait-gerald-r-ford |title=Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|40t<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | {{CNone|''Office vacant''<br/><small>{{Nowrap|August 9}} &ndash; {{Nowrap|December 19, 1974}}}} |- | [[Nelson Rockefeller]]<br/><small><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">December 19, 1974</span> &ndash; <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1977</span> |- | [[Presidency o Jimmy Carter|39]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1977</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1981</span> | [[File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Jimmy Carter]]</big>'''<br/>1924&ndash;[[Daith an state funeral o Jimmy Carter|2024]]<br/><small>(Lived: 100 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jimmycarter|title=James Carter |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/jimmy-carter|title=Jimmy Carter |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151635-1/life-portrait-jimmy-carter |title=Life Portrait of Jimmy Carter |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Govrenor o Georgie|76t<br/>Govrenor o Georgie]]<br/><small>(1971&ndash;1975) | style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1976|1976]])</small><br/>48<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Jimmy Carter|1977]]) | [[Walter Mondale]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Ronald Reagan|40]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1981</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1989</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Ronald Reagan]]</big>'''<br/>1911&ndash;[[Daith an state funeral o Ronald Reagan|2004]]<br/><small>(Lived: 93 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/ronaldreagan |title=Ronald Reagan |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=June 25, 2008 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2016-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903032212/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/ronaldreagan |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/ronald-reagan|title=Ronald Reagan |accessdate=January 18, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151636-1/life-portrait-ronald-reagan |title=Life Portrait of Ronald Reagan |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]]}}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Govrenor o California|33rd<br/>Govrenor o California]]<br/><small>([[Govrenorship o Ronald Reagan|1967&ndash;1975]]) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1980|1980]])</small><br/>49<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Ronald Reagan|1981]]) | rowspan=2 | [[George H. W. Bush]] |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1984|1984]])</small><br/>50<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Ronald Reagan|1985]]) |- | [[Presidency o George H. W. Bush|41]] | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1989</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1993</span> | [[File:George H. W. Bush, President of the United States, 1989 official portrait (cropped).jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[George H. W. Bush]]</big>'''<br/>1924&ndash;[[Daith an state funeral o George H. W. Bush|2018]]<br/><small>(Lived: 94 years)</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgehwbush |title=George H. W. Bush |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/george-bush |title=George Bush |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151637-1/life-portrait-george-hw-bush |title=Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|43rd<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1988|1988]])</small><br/>51<br/><small>([[Inauguration o George H. W. Bush|1989]]) | [[Dan Quayle]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Bill Clinton|42]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 1993</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2001</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:Bill Clinton.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Bill Clinton]]</big>'''<br/>Born 1946<br/><small>''({{Age|1946|8|19}} year auld)''</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williamjclinton |title=William J. Clinton |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=March 12, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2016-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830095441/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/williamjclinton |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/bill-clinton |title=Bill Clinton |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?151639-1/life-portrait-bill-clinton |title=Life Portrait of Bill Clinton |accessdate=March 7, 2016 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Govrenor o Arkansas|40t &amp; 42nt<br/>Govrenor o Arkansas]]<br/><small>(1979&ndash;1981 & 1983&ndash;1992) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1992|1992]])</small><br/>52<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Bill Clinton|1993]]) | rowspan=2 | [[Al Gore]] |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 1996|1996]])</small><br/>53<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Bill Clinton|1997]]) |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o George W. Bush|43]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2001</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2009</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:George-W-Bush.jpeg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[George W. Bush]]</big>'''<br/>Born 1946<br/><small>''({{Age|1946|6|6}} year auld)''</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgewbush |title=George W. Bush |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=February 25, 2007 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=2016-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830095431/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgewbush |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/george-w-bush |title=George W. Bush |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Govrenor o Texas|46t<br/>Govrenor o Texas]]<br/><small>([[Govrenorship o George W. Bush|1995&ndash;2000]]) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 2000|2000]])</small><br/>54<br/><small>([[First inauguration o George W. Bush|2001]]) | rowspan=2 | [[Dick Cheney]] |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 2004|2004]])</small><br/>55<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o George W. Bush|2005]]) |- | rowspan=2 | [[Presidency o Barack Obama|44]] | rowspan=2 | <span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2009</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2017</span> | rowspan=2 | [[File:President Barack Obama, 2012 portrait crop.jpg|165px]] | rowspan=2 | '''<big>[[Barack Obama]]</big>'''<br/>Born 1961<br/><small>''({{Age|1961|8|4}} year auld)''</small><br/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/barackobama |title=Barack Obama |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/barack-obama |title=Barack Obama |accessdate=November 27, 2016 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Unitit States Senate|U.S. Senator]] <span class="detail 2" style="display: none;">([[Classes of Unitit States Senators|Cless 3]])</span> <span class="detail 1" style="white-space:nowrap;">frae [[Illinois]]</span><br/><small>([[Unitit States Senate career of Barack Obama|2005&ndash;2008]]) | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 2008|2008]])</small><br/>56<br/><small>([[First inauguration o Barack Obama|2009]]) | rowspan=2 | [[Joe Biden]] |- | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 2012|2012]])</small><br/>57<br/><small>([[Seicont inauguration o Barack Obama|2013]]) |- | [[Presidency o Donald Trump|45]] |<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2017</span><br/>&ndash;<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2021</span> | [[File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Donald Trump]]</big>'''<br/>Born 1946<br/><small>''({{Age|1946|6|14}} year auld)''</small><br/><ref name="whousetrump">{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump|title=President Donald J. Trump|accessdate=January 22, 2017|website=[[whitehouse.gov]]|date=January 20, 2017|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225140417/https://www.whitehouse.gov/people/donald-j-trump/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump |accessdate=January 20, 2017 |website=[[History.com]] |publisher=[[A&E Networks]] }}</ref> | Chairman o<br/>[[The Trump Organization]]<br/><small>([[Business career o Donald Trump|1971&ndash;2017]])<br/>''(Na prior electit office)'' | style="background-color:{{Republican Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 2016|2016]])</small><br/>58<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Donald Trump|2017]]) | [[Mike Pence]] |- | [[Presidency o Joe Biden|46]] |<br/><span class="date" style="white-space:nowrap;">Januar 20, 2021</span><br/>&ndash;<br/>Januar 20, 2025 | [[File:Joe Biden presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|165px]] | '''<big>[[Joe Biden]]</big>'''<br/>Born 1942<br/><small>''({{Age|1942|11|20}} year auld)''</small><br/> | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|47th<br/>Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)/meta/color}}" | | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] | <small>([[Unitit States presidential election, 2020|2020]])</small><br/>58<br/><small>([[Inauguration o Joe Biden|2021]]) | [[Kamala Harris]] |} ==Notes== {{notelist|2|refs= {{Efn|name="2Party"|Three presidents are counted above with multiple political affiliations: John Tyler (Whig, ''Unaffiliated''), Abraham Lincoln (Republican, National Union), and Andrew Johnson (National Union, Democratic).}} {{Efn|name="No"|The presidents are numbered according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A vice president who temporarily becomes acting president under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution is not counted, because the president remains in office during such a period.}} {{Efn|name="office"|Listed here is the most recent office (either with a U.S. state, the federal government, or a private corporation) held by the individual prior to becoming President.}} {{Efn|name="term"|Listed and numbered here are the elections and inaugurations that constitute a presidential term.}} {{Efn|name="Washington-term"|Due to logistical delays, instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, the date scheduled for operations o the federal government under the new Constitution to begin, Washington's first inauguration was held 1 month and 26 days later. As a result, his first term was only 1,404 days long (as opposed to the usual 1,461), and was the shortest term for a U.S. president who neither died in office nor resigned.}} {{Efn|name="Adams-party"|Political parties had not been anticipated when the Constitution was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, nor did they exist at the time o the first presidential election in 1788–89. When they did develop, during Washington's first term, Adams joined the faction which became the Federalist Pairty. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the Unitit States to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis.}} {{efn|name="Adams-term"|Due to logistical delays, Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations o the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who neither died in office nor resigned.}} {{Efn|name="Jefferson-party"|The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Jefferson o the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.}} {{Efn|name="Calhoun-party"|John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the [[Nullifier Party]] in 1828 to oppose the [[Tariff of Abominations|Tariff of 1828]] and advance the cause of [[states' rights]], but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the democratic coalition led by Jackson.}} {{Efn|name="Tyler-oath"|John Tyler was sworn in as President on April 6, 1841.}} {{Efn|name="Tyler-party"|John Tyler, a former Democrat, ran for vice president on the Whig Party ticket with Harrison in 1840. Tyler's policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most o the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.}} {{Efn|name="intraterm"|Intra-term extraordinary inauguration.}} {{Efn|name="Fillmore-oath"|Millard Fillmore was sworn in as President on July 10, 1850.}} {{Efn|name="union"|When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan [[electoral alliance]] with [[War Democrat]]s by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket.}} {{Efn|name="Johnson-party"|Democrat Andrew Johnson ran for vice president on the National Union Party ticket with Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.}} {{Efn|name="Arthur-oath"|Chester A. Arthur was initially sworn in as President on September 20, 1881, and then again on September 22.}} {{Efn|name="Coolidge-oath"|Calvin Coolidge was initially sworn in as President on August 3, 1923, and then again on August 23.}} {{Efn|name="Amendment_XX-term"|The [[Twentieth Amendment to the Unitit States Constitution]] (ratified on January 23, 1933) moved [[Unitit States presidential inauguration|Inauguration Day]] from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, Garner's first term in office was 1 month and 12 days shorter than a normal term.}} }} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Unitit States, Leet O Preses O The}} [[Category:Leets o preses]] [[Category:Leets relatin tae the Unitit States presidency|*]] [[Category:Preses o the Unitit States|*]] 0tcxm15v1f7ydxexo75jo6dddlictvv 0 136549 923720 923652 2026-09-29T12:55:46Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 fixed scots 923720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher | region = [[Wastren philosophy]] | era = [[17t-century philosophour]] | image = Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG | image_size = 250px | caption = Peintin of Blaise Pascal made bi François II Quesnel tae Gérard Edelinck in 1691. | name = Blaise Pascal | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1623|6|19}} | birth_place = [[Clermont-Ferrand]],<br />[[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]], [[Airly modren Fraunce|Fraunce]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1662|8|19|1623|6|19}} | death_place = Pairis, Fraunce | residence = Fraunce | nationality = French | school_tradition = {{vunblist |[[Jansenism]] |Proto-[[existentialism]]}} | main_interests = {{hlist |Theology |Mathematics |Philosophy |[[Naitural philosophy]]}} | influences = {{hlist |[[St. Augustine o Hippo]] |[[Michel de Montaigne]] |[[René Descartes]] |[[Cornelius Jansen]] |[[Epictetus]]}} | influenced = {{hlist |[[Antoine Arnauld]] |[[Pierre Duhem]] |[[William James]] |[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|G. W. Leibniz]] |[[Léon Brunschvicg]] |[[Alexis de Tocqueville]] |[[Henri Bergson]]}} | notable_ideas = {{vunblist |[[Pascal's Wager]] |[[Pascal's triangle]] |[[Pascal's law]] |[[Pascal's theorem]]}} | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] }} '''Blaise Pascal''' (19 Juin 1623 – 19 August 1662) wis a French [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], inventor, screiver, and Catholic philosophour. He wis a [[bairn prodigy]] that wis educate bi his faither, a tax uplifter in [[Rouen]]. Pascal's airliest wark wis in the naitural an applied sciences whaur he wis makkin wechty contributions tae the study of [[fluid]]s, and reddin the concepts of [[pressur|pressure]] and [[vacuum]] bi generalisin the wark of [[Evangelista Torricelli]]. Pascal wrate in defence of the [[scienteefic method|scientific method]] forbye. In 1642, while still a teenager, he stertit some pioneerin wark on rackonin machines. Efter three year of travail and 50 prototypes,<ref>[http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Machine_d%E2%80%99arithm%C3%A9tique (fr) La Machine d'arithmétique, Blaise Pascal], Wikisource</ref> he biggit 20 feinish't machines (cried Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines) ower the follaein 10 year,<ref>{{cite book |language=fr|title=Les machines arithmétiques de Blaise Pascal|first=Guy|last=Mourlevat|year=1988|publisher=La Française d'Edition et d'Imprimerie|location=Clermont-Ferrand|page=12}}</ref> estaiblishin him as ane of the first twa inventors of the [[mechanical calculator]].<ref>See [http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.SchicardvsPascal Schickard versus Pascal: An Empty Debate?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215848/http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.SchicardvsPascal |date=2014-04-08 }} an {{cite book |language=fr|title=Histoire des instruments et machines à calculer, trois siècles de mécanique pensante 1642–1942|first=Jean|last=Marguin|year=1994|publisher=Hermann|isbn=978-2-7056-6166-3|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |language=fr|title=Le calcul simplifié|first=Maurice|last=d'Ocagne|year=1893|publisher=Gauthier-Villars et fils|page=245|url=http://cnum.cnam.fr/CGI/fpage.cgi?8KU54-2.5/248/150/369/363/369}}</ref> Pascal wis an important mathematician, helpin create twa major new areas of research: he wrate a substantial treatise on the [[projective geometry]] whan he wis 16 year auld, and later correspondit wi [[Pierre de Fermat]] on [[probability theory]], strangly influencin the up-biggin of modren economics and [[social sciences|social science]]. Follaein [[Galileo Galilei]] and Torricelli, in 1647, he rebuttit [[Aristotle]]'s follaers that threapit that [[Horror vacui (pheesics)|naitur abhors a vacuum.]] Pascal's results led tae mony threaps afore they wir accepit. In 1646, him and his sister Jacqueline identified wi the religious muivement within [[Catholicism]] kent bi its detractours as [[Jansenism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11511a.htm |title=Blaise Pascal |accessdate=23 February 2009 |work=Catholic Encyclopedia}}</ref> Follaein a religious expairience in late 1654, he yokit tae screivin influential warks on the philosophy and the theology. His twa maist weil-kent warks date frae this period: the ''[[Lettres provinciales]]'' and the ''[[Pensées]]'', the hinner-ane set in the stour atween Jansenists and [[Jesuits]]. In that year, he wrate a wechty treatise anent the arithmetical triangle forbye. Atween 1658 and 1659, he wrate anent the [[cycloid]] and its yaise in wirkin out the volume of solids. Aa throu his life Pascal wis in fail halth, maistly efter the age of 18; he dee'd juist twa month efter his 39t birthday.<ref>Hald, Anders ''A History of Probability and Statistics and Its Applications before 1750'', (Wiley Publications, 1990) pp.44</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pascal, Blaise}} [[Category:1623 births]] [[Category:1662 daiths]] [[Category:Fowk frae Clermont-Ferrand]] [[Category:French Roman Catholic writers]] [[Category:Writers frae Auvergne]] [[Category:17t-century French writers]] [[Category:17t-century French mathematicians]] [[Category:17t-century philosophers]] [[Category:Aphorists]] [[Category:Blaise Pascal| ]] [[Category:Christian apologists]] [[Category:Christian humanists]] [[Category:Christian meestics]] [[Category:Christian philosophers]] [[Category:Creetics o atheism]] [[Category:Converts tae Roman Catholicism]] [[Category:Fluid deenamicists]] [[Category:French mathematicians]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:French pheesicists]] [[Category:French scientists]] [[Category:17t-century French theologians]] [[Category:Hypochondriacs]] [[Category:Jansenists]] [[Category:Probability theorists]] [[Category:Roman Catholic filosofers]] [[Category:17t-century Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Buirials at Saint-Étienne-du-Mont]] 5dqduh1d62bzg8pgxtk0uoqw323ugji 923764 923720 2026-09-29T23:00:18Z CiphriusKane 74958 923764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher | region = [[Wastren philosophy]] | era = [[17t-century philosophour]] | image = Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG | image_size = 250px | caption = Peintin o Blaise Pascal made bi François II Quesnel tae Gérard Edelinck in 1691. | name = Blaise Pascal | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1623|6|19}} | birth_place = [[Clermont-Ferrand]],<br />[[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]], [[Airly modren Fraunce|Fraunce]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1662|8|19|1623|6|19}} | death_place = Pairis, Fraunce | residence = Fraunce | nationality = French | school_tradition = {{vunblist |[[Jansenism]] |Proto-[[existentialism]]}} | main_interests = {{hlist |Theology |Mathematics |Philosophy |[[Naitural philosophy]]}} | influences = {{hlist |[[St. Augustine o Hippo]] |[[Michel de Montaigne]] |[[René Descartes]] |[[Cornelius Jansen]] |[[Epictetus]]}} | influenced = {{hlist |[[Antoine Arnauld]] |[[Pierre Duhem]] |[[William James]] |[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|G. W. Leibniz]] |[[Léon Brunschvicg]] |[[Alexis de Tocqueville]] |[[Henri Bergson]]}} | notable_ideas = {{vunblist |[[Pascal's Wager]] |[[Pascal's triangle]] |[[Pascal's law]] |[[Pascal's theorem]]}} | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] }} '''Blaise Pascal''' (19 Juin 1623 – 19 August 1662) wis a French [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], inventor, screiver, an Catholic philosophour. He wis a [[bairn prodigy]] that wis educate bi his faither, a tax uplifter in [[Rouen]]. Pascal's airliest wark wis in the naitural an applied sciences whaur he wis makkin wechty contributions tae the study o [[fluid]]s, an reddin the concepts o [[pressur|pressure]] an [[vacuum]] bi generalisin the wark o [[Evangelista Torricelli]]. Pascal wrate in defence o the [[scientific method]] forbye. In 1642, while still a teenager, he stertit some pioneerin wark on rackonin machines. Efter three year o travail an 50 prototypes, he biggit 20 feinish't machines (cried Pascal's calculators an later Pascalines) ower the follaein 10 year,<ref>{{cite book |language=fr|title=Les machines arithmétiques de Blaise Pascal|first=Guy|last=Mourlevat|year=1988|publisher=La Française d'Edition et d'Imprimerie|location=Clermont-Ferrand|page=12}}</ref> estaiblishin him as ane o the first twa inventors o the [[mechanical calculator]].<ref>See [http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.SchicardvsPascal Schickard versus Pascal: An Empty Debate?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215848/http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.SchicardvsPascal |date=2014-04-08 }} an {{cite book |language=fr|title=Histoire des instruments et machines à calculer, trois siècles de mécanique pensante 1642–1942|first=Jean|last=Marguin|year=1994|publisher=Hermann|isbn=978-2-7056-6166-3|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |language=fr|title=Le calcul simplifié|first=Maurice|last=d'Ocagne|year=1893|publisher=Gauthier-Villars et fils|page=245|url=http://cnum.cnam.fr/CGI/fpage.cgi?8KU54-2.5/248/150/369/363/369}}</ref> Pascal wis an important mathematician, helpin create twa major new areas o research: he wrate a substantial treatise on the [[projective geometry]] whan he wis 16 year auld, an later correspondit wi [[Pierre de Fermat]] on [[probability theory]], strangly influencin the up-biggin o modren economics an [[social sciences|social science]]. Follaein [[Galileo Galilei]] an Torricelli, in 1647, he rebuttit [[Aristotle]]'s follaers that threapit that naitur abhors a vacuum. Pascal's results led tae mony threaps afore they wir accepit. In 1646, he an his sister Jacqueline identified wi the religious muivement athin [[Catholicism]] kent bi its detractours as [[Jansenism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11511a.htm |title=Blaise Pascal |accessdate=23 February 2009 |work=Catholic Encyclopedia}}</ref> Follaein a religious expairience in late 1654, he yokit tae screivin influential warks on the philosophy an the theology. His twa maist weil-kent warks date frae this period: the ''[[Lettres provinciales]]'' an the ''[[Pensées]]'', the hinner-ane set in the stour atween Jansenists an [[Jesuits]]. In that year, he wrate a wechty treatise anent the arithmetical triangle forbye. Atween 1658 an 1659, he wrate anent the [[cycloid]] an its yaise in wirkin oot the volume o solids. Aa throu his life Pascal wis in fail halth, maistly efter the age o 18; he dee'd juist twa month efter his 39t birthday.<ref>Hald, Anders ''A History of Probability and Statistics and Its Applications before 1750'', (Wiley Publications, 1990) pp.44</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pascal, Blaise}} [[Category:1623 births]] [[Category:1662 daiths]] [[Category:Fowk frae Clermont-Ferrand]] [[Category:French Roman Catholic writers]] [[Category:Writers frae Auvergne]] [[Category:17t-century French writers]] [[Category:17t-century French mathematicians]] [[Category:17t-century philosophers]] [[Category:Aphorists]] [[Category:Blaise Pascal| ]] [[Category:Christian apologists]] [[Category:Christian humanists]] [[Category:Christian meestics]] [[Category:Christian philosophers]] [[Category:Creetics o atheism]] [[Category:Converts tae Roman Catholicism]] [[Category:Fluid deenamicists]] [[Category:French mathematicians]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:French pheesicists]] [[Category:French scientists]] [[Category:17t-century French theologians]] [[Category:Hypochondriacs]] [[Category:Jansenists]] [[Category:Probability theorists]] [[Category:Roman Catholic philosophers]] [[Category:17t-century Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Buirials at Saint-Étienne-du-Mont]] d801xll5olpn0r2pf7h5g72pihcn5kq 0 137755 923756 923497 2026-09-29T21:01:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Persies <br/> <small>{{lang|fa|پارسیان}}</small> <br/> <small>Pārsiān</small> |rawimage = |population = [[Circa|ca.]] 90 million |region1 = {{flagcountry|Iran}} |pop1 = 49,312,834 (61–65% o tot population) |ref1 =<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Fact Book – Iran|author=United States Central Intelligence Agency(CIA)|publisher=CIA|accessdate=May 15, 2011|date=April 28, 2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|archive-date=2012-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Library of Congress, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. "Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran". http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf. Retrieved 2009-12-02.</ref> |region2 = {{flagcountry|Afghanistan}} |pop2 = 8,592,168<small> |ref2 = <ref name=CIA-af>{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html|title= Afghanistan|accessdate= 2011-07-23|date= July 2011|publisher= United States Central Intelligence Agency|archive-date= 2017-09-20|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170920072213/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> |region4 = {{flagcountry|Tajikistan}} |pop4 = 6,360,694<small> |ref4 = <ref name="CIA-tj">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ti.html#People|title= Tajikistan|accessdate= 2007-12-26|date= December 13, 2007|publisher= United States Central Intelligence Agency|archive-date= 2001-03-31|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20010331101740/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ti.html#People|url-status= dead}}</ref> |region5 = {{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}} |pop5 = 1,406,430-3,000,000 |ref5 = <ref name="CIA-uz">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html#People|title= Uzbekistan|accessdate= 2007-12-26|date= December 13, 2007|publisher= United States Central Intelligence Agency|archive-date= 2016-07-09|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160709035649/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html#People|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name=Foltz>[[Richard Foltz]], "The Tajiks of Uzbekistan", ''Central Asian Survey'', 15(2), 213–216 (1996).</ref> |region6 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}} |pop6 = 618,000 |ref6= <ref>{{cite web|title=Persian in Turkey|url=http://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14371/TU|publisher=[[Joshua Project]]|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref> |region7 = {{flagcountry|Iraq}} |pop7 = 405,000<!-- A significant part of the population of Karbala, Najaf, Baghdad, and other Iraqi cities are of Persian ancestry. The figure could be much higher. --> |ref7= <ref>{{cite web|title=Iraq – People Groups|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=IZ|publisher=[[Joshua Project]]|accessdate=21 September 2011}}</ref> |region8 = {{flagcountry|USA}} |pop8 = 331,000 |ref8 = <ref name="farsinet"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranian.com/Diaspora/2004/January/USA/index.html |title=Iranian-American stats, Phyllis McIntosh |publisher=The Iranian |date= |accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref><ref>This figure only includes Tajiks from Afghanistan. The population of people from Afghanistan in the United States is estimated as 80,414 (2005), Of which 65% are estimated to be Tajiks. {{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:501&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=045&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en|author=United States Census Bureau|title=US demographic census|accessdate=2008-01-23|archive-date=2009-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116055515/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:501;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:501&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=045&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en|url-status=dead}} [http://www.cal.org/co/afghan/apeop.html Robson, Barbara and Lipson, Juliene (2002) "Chapter 5(B)- The People: The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127081653/http://www.cal.org/co/afghan/apeop.html |date=2010-01-27 }} ''The Afghans – their history and culture'' Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C., [http://worldcat.org/oclc/56081073 OCLC 56081073].</ref> |region9 = {{flagcountry|Israel}} |pop9 = 250,000 |ref9 = <ref name="Iranian Israelis">{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.jpost.com/Iranian-Threat/News/Why-are-people-going-to-Iran|title=Why are people going to Iran?|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|accessdate=2013-08-19}}</ref> |region10 = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}} |pop10 = 238,250 |ref10 = <ref name="Pashto in UAE">{{cite web |author=|url=http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat207.pdf|title=United Arab Emirates: Demography|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] Online|work=Encyclopædia Britannica World Data|accessdate=2008-03-15}}</ref> |region11 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |pop11 = 200,000 |ref11 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.persianwo.org/Disporia.htm |title=Persian World Outreach – '&#39;Persian-speaking people outside of Iran'&#39; |publisher=Persianwo.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-10 |archive-date=2009-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030152953/http://www.persianwo.org/Disporia.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=TZ>[http://www2.gtz.de/migration-and-development/konferenz-2/english/afghans.htm GTZ: Migration and development – Afghans in Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927172739/http://www2.gtz.de/migration-and-development/konferenz-2/english/afghans.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}: estimate for Tajiks based on total of 100,000 Afghans in Germany.</ref> |region12 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} |pop12 = 173,760 |ref12 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=92333&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=801&Temporal=2006&Theme=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF |title='&#39;2006 Canadian Census'&#39; |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date= |accessdate=2012-06-10 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016025011/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=92333&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=801&Temporal=2006&Theme=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>This figure only includes Tajiks from Afghanistan. The population of people with descent from Afghanistan in Canada is 48,090 according to Canada's 2006 Census. Tajiks make up an estimated 33% of the population of Afghanistan. The Tajik population in Canada is estimated from these two figures. [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723224016/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/index-eng.cfm |date=2013-07-23 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221808/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |archive-date=2019-01-06 |url-status=bot: unknown}}.</ref> |region13 = {{flagcountry|Bahrain}} |pop13 = 172,000 |ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Bahrain – People Groups|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=BA|publisher=[[Joshua Project]]|accessdate=21 September 2011}}</ref> |region14 = {{flagcountry|Russia}} |pop14 = 172,303 |ref14 ={{Failed verification|date=October 2015}}<ref name="farsinet">{{cite web |url=http://www.farsinet.com/pwo/diaspora.html |title=The Persian Diaspora, List of Persians and Persian Speaking Peoples living outside of Iran, Worldwide Outreach to Persians, Outreach to Muslims around the Globe |publisher=Farsinet.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-10 |archive-date=2019-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121191502/http://www.farsinet.com/pwo/diaspora.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=census2002>{{cite web |url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_14_24.htm |title=2002 Russian census |publisher=Perepis2002.ru |date= |accessdate=2012-06-10 |archive-date=2011-08-21 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/616Buov3D?url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_14_24.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |region15 = {{flagcountry|Qatar}} |pop15 = 160,000 |ref15 = <ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pes |title=Ethnologue report for language code:pes |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref> |languages = [[Persie leid|Persie]] {{smaller|''(varieties o [[Dari leid|Dari]], [[Tajik leid|Tajiki]], [[Tat leid (Caucasus)|Caucasian Tat]],<ref name="Gernot Windfuhr 1979. pg 4">Gernot Windfuhr, "Persian Grammar: history and state of its study", Walter de Gruyter, 1979. pg 4:""Tat- Persian spoken in the East Caucasus""</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dalby|first1=Andrew|title=Dictionary of Languages: The definitive reference to more than 400 languages|date=2014|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1408102145|page=109|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=7dHNCgAAQBAJ&dq=tat+caucasus+persian+language&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s|quote=and Tat (a variety of Persian)...(...)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Windfuhr|first1=Genot|title=Iranian Languages|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135797041|page=417|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=QtpQZ1DD6tEC&pg=PA417&dq=tat+caucasus+persian+language&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE-OWPr8vKAhUDWBoKHSaUD4UQ6AEIUDAH#v=onepage&q=tat%20caucasus%20persian%20language&f=false|quote=The Northwestern outpost of Persian is Caucasian Tat Persian (...)}}</ref><ref>V. Minorsky, "Tat" in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38.</ref><ref>V. Minorsky, "Tat" in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38. Excerpt: Like most Persian dialects, Tati is not very regular in its characteristic features"</ref><ref>C Kerslake, Journal of Islamic Studies (2010) 21 (1): 147–151. excerpt:"It is a comparison of the verbal systems of three varieties of Persian—standard Persian, Tat, and Tajik—in terms of the 'innovations' that the latter two have developed for expressing finer differentiations of tense, aspect and modality..." [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=+It+is+a+comparison+of+the+verbal+systems+of+three+varieties+of+Persian%E2%80%94standard+Persian%2C+tat%2C+tajik&as_sdt=80000000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0]</ref><ref>Borjian, Habib, "Tabari Language Materials from Il'ya Berezin's Recherches sur les dialectes persans", Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 10, Number 2, 2006 , pp. 243–258(16). Excerpt:"It embraces Gilani, Ta- lysh, Tabari, Kurdish, Gabri, and the Tati Persian of the Caucasus, all but the last belonging to the north-western group of Iranian language."</ref> and [[Judeo-Tat]])''}}, [[Luri]] |religions = Primarily [[Shiite Muslim]], also [[Sunni Muslims]], [[Sufi Muslim]]<br /> [[Irreleegion]], [[Christianity]], [[Bahá'í]], [[Judaism]], [[Zorastrianism]] | related = [[Iranian fowks]], [[Azerbaijanis]] }} The '''Persie fowk'''<ref name="Congress">{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf |title=Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran |first=Library of Congress – Federal Research Division |last=Library of Congress|accessdate=2009-12-02}}</ref> ([[Persie leid|Persie]]: پارسیان) are an [[Iranian fowks|Iranian fowk]] who speak the modren [[Persie leid]]<ref>R. N. Fyre, "IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN" in Encycloapedia Iranica, "The largest group of people in present-day Iran are Persians (*q.v.) who speak dialects of the language called Fārsi in Persian, since it was primarily the tongue of the people of Fārs."</ref> an closely relatit Iranian dialects an leids.<ref name="EIS">C.S. Coon, "Iran:Demography and Ethnography" in Encycloapedia of Islam, Volme IV, E.J. Brill, pp 10,8. Excerpt: "The Lurs speak an aberrant form of Archaic Persian" See maps also on page 10 for distribution of Persian languages and dialect</ref><ref name="Coughlin">Kathryn M. Coughlin, "Muslim cultures today: a reference guide," Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. pg 89: "...Iranians speak Persian or a Persian dialect such as Gilaki or Mazandarani"</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Persian People}} [[Category:Auncient fowks]] [[Category:Persie fowk|*]] [[Category:Iranian fowks]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asie]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Iran]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Iraq]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Dagestan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in the Middle East]] 451je9jctqhg3jxnwwf2dqo6pgqxvdn 0 137783 923803 923579 2026-09-30T06:45:01Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Yorùbá Fowk<br />{{small|''Àwọn Ọmọ Yorùbá''}} |image = | pop = c. '''43 million''' | popplace = {{NGR}} 40 million (2013)<ref name="Nigeria CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161346/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html |date=2018-01-29 }} at CIA World Factbook: "Yoruba 21%" out of a population of 180 million (2013 estimate)</ref> | region1 = {{BEN}} | pop1 = 2.2 million (2012) | ref1 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bn.html Benin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612212700/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bn.html |date=2007-06-12 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications//the-world-factbook/geos/bn.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918224251/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications//the-world-factbook/geos/bn.html |archive-date=2015-09-18 |url-status=dead}} at CIA World Factbook: "Yorùbá and related 12.3%" out of a population of 9.6 million (2012 estimate)</ref> | region2 = {{GHA}} | pop2 = 0.46 million | ref2 = <ref name=Joshuaproject>[http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?peo3=16057 Joshuaproject.net] "TTwo Yoruba groups are identified in Ghana, ife: 34,000 and yoruba: 426,000, giving a total population of 460,000"</ref> | region3 = {{TOG}} | pop3 = 0.3 million | ref3 = <ref name="Joshuaproject people cluster">[http://joshuaproject.net/clusters/320]"Three yoruba subgroups are identified in Togo: The Ife: 132,000, The Kambole: 52,000 and the Yoruba proper: 108,000, giving a total population of 292,000."</ref> | region4 = {{CIV}} | pop4 = 0.1 million | ref4 = <ref name=Joshuaproject /> | region5 = {{flag|Europe}} | pop5 = 0.2 million | ref5 = <ref>Mostly in the UK ( [http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=16057&rog3=US Joshuaproject.net] estimates 94,000), about 6,000 in Greece.</ref> | region6 = North Americae | pop6 = 0.2 million | ref6 = <ref>maistly in the Unitit States; [http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=16057&rog3=US Joshuaproject.net] estimates 186,000 in the US. About 3,000 in Canada: {{cite web |title=Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories |publisher=Statistics Canada |location=bottom |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |accessdate=2010-04-04 |archive-date=2016-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818195955/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |url-status=dead }}. In Canadae, 19,520 identified as ''Nigerian'' an 61,430 as ''[[Canadians]]''.</ref> | langs = {{hlist| [[Yorùbá leid|Yorùbá]] | [[Yoruboid leids]] | [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | [[French leid|French]] }} | religions= {{hlist | [[Christianity]] 40% | [[Islam]] 50% | [[Yorùbá releegion]] 10%}} | related-c = [[Afemai fowk|Afemai]], [[Arogbo tribe|Arogbo]] & [[Wastren Apoi tribe|Apoi Ijaw]], [[Bariba fowk|Bariba]], [[Bini fowk|Bini]], [[Ebira]], [[Esan fowk|Esan]], [[Ewe fowk|Ewe]], [[Fon fowk|Fon]], [[Igala]], [[Itsekiri]], [[Nupe fowk|Nupe]] }} The '''Yoruba fowk''' ({{Lang-yo|'''Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá'''}}) are an ethnic group o Soothwastren an North central [[Nigerie]] as well as Soothren an Central [[Benin]] in [[Wast Africae]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yoruba Fowk}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Africae]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Nigerie]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Benin]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Togo]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Ghana]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Ivory Coast]] [[Category:Yoruba fowk| ]] 0c7i0a3903kevbpwci86zos70wqn8fs 0 153986 923727 923444 2026-09-29T14:12:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diamond | name = Koh-i-Noor | image = Koh-i-Noor old version copy.jpg | caption = A gless replica o the diamond afore it wis re-cut in 1852 on display at the [[Reich der Kristalle]] museum in [[Munich]], Germany. | weight = {{convert|105.602|carat|g}} | colour = [[Diamond colour#Gradin the normal colour range|Finest White]] | cut = | mine = [[Kollur Mine]], [[Guntur Destrict]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], Indie<ref name="Mears1988">{{cite book|author=Kenneth J. Mears|title=The Tower of London: 900 Years of English History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D_kgAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Phaidon|isbn=978-0-7148-2527-4|page=100}}</ref> | cutter = Hortenso Borgia <small>(17t&nbsp;century)</small><br/>Levie Benjamin Voorzanger <small>(1852)</small> | found = 13t&nbsp;century | original_owner = [[Kakatiya dynasty]] | owner = Queen [[Elizabeth&nbsp;II]] in richt o [[the Croun]].<ref>{{Cite Hansard |jurisdiction=United Kingdom |house=House of Commons |title=Crown Jewels |url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1992/jul/16/crown-jewels#column_944w |date=16 July 1992 |volume=211 |column=944W }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107041954/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1992/jul/16/crown-jewels#column_944w |date=2019-01-07 }} {{Cite web |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1992/jul/16/crown-jewels |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107041954/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1992/jul/16/crown-jewels |archive-date=2019-01-07 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> | value = }} The '''Koh-i-Noor''' (Persie for '''Moontain o Licht'''; an aa spelled '''Koh-i-Nûr''' an '''Kooh-è Noor''') is a lairge, colourless diamond that wis foond near [[Guntur]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], Indie, possibly in the 13t&nbsp;century. It weighed {{convert|793|carat|g}} uncut an wis first ained bi the [[Kakatiya dynasty]]. The stane chynged haunds several times atween various feudin factions in Sooth Asie ower the next few hunder years, afore endin up in the possession o [[Queen Victoria]] efter the [[Seicont Anglo-Sikh War|Breetish conquest]] o the [[Punjab]] in 1849. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Koh-I-Noor}} [[Category:Croun Jewels o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Jewels o the Mughal Empire]] [[Category:Diamonds oreeginatin in Indiae]] [[Category:History o Indiae]] [[Category:History o Andhra Pradesh]] [[Category:Sikh Empire]] [[Category:1739 in Asie]] [[Category:Persie wirds an phrases]] q4ii65vzygbuhonuzgrybfrtaiemb4b 0 156384 923769 923709 2026-09-30T00:16:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 923769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ryalty | name = Constantine II | image_size = 200 | succession = [[King o Alba]] | reign = 900–943 | predecessor = [[Donald II o Scotland|Donald II]] | successor = [[Malcolm I o Scotland|Malcolm I]] | issue = [[Indulf]], King o Alba<br />Cellach<br />ane or mair dauchters | house = [[Hoose o Alpin|Alpin]] | father = [[Áed o Scotland|Áed]], King o the Picts | birth_date = c. 874 | death_date = 952 (Aged c.77-78) | death_place = [[St Andrews]] | place of burial= [[Iona]] }} '''Constantine II''' (Caustatin II) wis king o' Pechtland an Scotland fi 900-943. He abdicatit an dee'd in 952. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Constantine 02 O Scotland}} [[Category:Hoose o Alpin]] [[Category:9t-century Scots monarchs]] [[Category:9t-century births]] [[Category:952 daiths]] [[Category:Culdees]] [[Category:Scots abbots]] [[Category:10t-century Scots monarchs]] [[Category:Monarchs that abdicatit]] [[Category:Buirials in Iona]] {{Stub/Ryal}} nwlsyss8zyghmso7ksjmjkufrimjaws 0 162786 923735 923455 2026-09-29T15:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Population density of countries 2018 world map, people per sq km.svg|347px|thumb|Population density (fowk per km²) bi kintra in 2018]] This is a '''leet o [[kintra]]s an [[dependent territory|dependencies]] ranked bi human [[population density]]''' an meisurt bi the nummer o [[human]] indwallers per [[squerr kilometre]] or [[squerr mile]]. ==Leet== * The [[European Union]] is a ''[[sui generis]]'' supranaitional union possessin "kintra-lik" chairacteristics. The entity is componed o 28 member kintras. Its population density haes been estimatit at 116 fowk per km², an it would be ranked 95t if it were included in the leet. (population: 506,913,394 on Januar 1, 2014,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1|title=Eurostat-Tables,Graphs and Maps Interface（TGM）table|publisher=[[European Commission]]|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref> area: 4,324,782&nbsp;km²). ''See an aa: [[Leet o regional organisations bi population]]''. *The maist densely populatit sovereign naition is [[Monaco]], wi a population density o 18,713 fowk/km². * Aurie includes laund an watter. {|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right" |+ !Pos.!!Kintra (or dependent territory)!!Aurie (km²)!!Aurie (mi²)!!Population!!Density<br>(pop./km²)!!Density<br>(pop./mi²)!!Date!! class="unsortable" | Population soorce |- ||| align="left" |{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|Warld]]''' (laund anly, excludin [[Antarcticae]]) |{{convert|134940000|km2|disp=table}} |{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}} |{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/134940000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's warld population clock] |- ||| align="left" |{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|Warld]]''' (laund anly) |{{convert|148940000|km2|disp=table}} |{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}} |{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/148940000 round 0 }}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's Warld population clock] |- ||| align="left" |{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|Warld]]''' (wi watter) |{{convert|510072000|km2|disp=table}} |{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}} |{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/510072000 round 0 }}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's Warld population clock] |- |1 | align="left" |''{{MAC}}'' ([[Cheenae]])<ref>Current [[Special Admeenistrative Region]] (SAR) o the [[Cheenae|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] (PRC). Umwhile [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colony.</ref> |{{convert|30.5|km2|0|disp=table}} |647,700 |{{convert|{{#expr: 647700/30.5 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 30, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.dsec.gov.mo/TimeSeriesDatabase.aspx?KeyIndicatorID=12 Offeecial quarterly estimate] |- |2 | align="left" |{{MCO}} |{{convert|2.02|km2|2|disp=table}} |38,400 |{{convert|{{#expr: 38400/2.02 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.imsee.mc/Population-et-emploi Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128001937/http://www.imsee.mc/Population-et-emploi |date=2012-11-28 }} |- |3 | align="left" |{{SIN}} |{{convert|719.2|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,607,300 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5607300/719.2 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#16 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129094649/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#16 |date=2015-11-29 }} |- |4 | align="left" |''{{HKG}}'' ([[China]]) |{{convert|1,105.7|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,346,700 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7346700/1105.7 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so20.jsp Offeecial estimate] |- |5 | align="left" |''{{GIB}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])<ref>Territory claimed bi [[Spain]].</ref> |{{convert|6.8|km2|1|disp=table}} |33,140 |{{convert|{{#expr: 33140/6.8 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 7, 2017 | align="left" |[https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Abstract%202014.pdf Offeecial estimate] |- |6 | align="left" |{{BHR}} |{{convert|757|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,472,483 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1472483/757 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 21, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.cio.gov.bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Census/2011%2009%2018%20Final%20English%20Census%202010%20Summary%20%20Results%20-%20Review%201.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230515/http://www.cio.gov.bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Census/2011%2009%2018%20Final%20English%20Census%202010%20Summary%20%20Results%20-%20Review%201.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |7 | align="left" |{{VAT}} |{{convert|0.44|km2|2|disp=table}} |800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 800/0.44 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/es/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031317/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/es/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |8 | align="left" |{{MLT}} |{{convert|315|km2|0|disp=table}} |426,149 |{{convert|{{#expr: 426149/315 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 21, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3424 Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113194522/http://www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3424 |date=2013-11-13 }} |- |9 | align="left" |''{{BER}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|52|km2|0|disp=table}} |66,449 |{{convert|{{#expr: 66449/52 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 21, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_980_227_1014_43/http%3B/ptpublisher.gov.bm%3B7087/publishedcontent/publish/cabinet_office/statistics/dept___statistics___additonal_files/2012_facts___figures_0.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520190010/http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_980_227_1014_43/http%3B/ptpublisher.gov.bm%3B7087/publishedcontent/publish/cabinet_office/statistics/dept___statistics___additonal_files/2012_facts___figures_0.pdf |date=2013-05-20 }} |- |10 |{{data Bangladesh|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904045106/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx |date=2011-09-04 }} |- |11 | align="left" |''{{SXM}}'' ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands]]) |{{convert|34|km2|0|disp=table}} |37,429 |{{convert|{{#expr: 37429/34 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/SintMaarten.html Offeecial estimate] |- |12 | align="left" |{{MDV}} |{{convert|298|km2|0|disp=table}} |317,280 |{{convert|{{#expr: 317280/298 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 | align="left" |[http://planning.gov.mv/en/images/stories/publications/analysiscd/pdf/13.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224031/http://planning.gov.mv/en/images/stories/publications/analysiscd/pdf/13.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} |- |13 | align="left" |''{{JEY}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|116|km2|0|disp=table}} |97,857 |{{convert|{{#expr: 97857/116 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 27, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020111208%20SU.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918003705/http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020111208%20SU.pdf |date=2012-09-18 }} |- |14 | align="left" |''{{GGY}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|78|km2|0|disp=table}} |62,431 |{{convert|{{#expr: 62431/78 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 31, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=5506&p=0 Offeecial estimate] |- |15 | align="left" |''{{flag|Palestinian National Authority|name=Palestinian Territories}}''<ref>Borders an aurie o Palestinian-admeenistert territories are pendin ootcome o negotiations wi [[Israel]].</ref> |{{convert|6,020|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,550,368 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4550368/6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2014 | align="left" |[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/881/default.aspx#Population Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610214618/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/881/default.aspx#Population |date=2015-06-10 }} |- |16 | align="left" |''{{MAF}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|54|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,979 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36979/54 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Offeecial estimate] |- |17 | align="left" |{{TWN}} ([[Republic o Cheenae|ROC]])<ref>[[Poleetical status o Taiwan|Pairtially recognised state]], claimed bi the [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] as ane o its [[Provinces o Cheenae|provinces]].</ref> |{{convert|36,197|km2|0|disp=table}} |23,526,295 |{{convert|{{#expr: 23526295/36197 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 31, 2016 | align="left" |[http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9 Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704022127/http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9 |date=2014-07-04 }} |- |18 | align="left" |{{BRB}} |{{convert|430|km2|0|disp=table}} |274,200 |{{convert|{{#expr: 274200/430 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Barbados.html Offeecial estimate] |- |19 | align="left" |{{MRI}} |{{convert|2,040|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,262,879 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1262879/2040 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/English/StatsbySubj/Pages/Population-Stats-Jan-Jun2015.aspx Offeecial estimate] |- |20 | align="left" |{{LBN}} |{{convert|10,452|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,988,153 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5988153/10201 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 | align="left" |UN projection |- |21 | align="left" |''{{MYT}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|374|km2|0|disp=table}} |212,600 |{{convert|{{#expr: 212600/374 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 21, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=19214&reg_id=27 2012 census result] |- |22 | align="left" |{{SMR}} |{{convert|61|km2|0|disp=table}} |33,028 |{{convert|{{#expr: 33028/61 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 31, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.statistica.sm/on-line/home/dati-statistici/popolazione.html# Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228151338/http://www.statistica.sm/on-line/home/dati-statistici/popolazione.html |date=2012-12-28 }} |- |23 | align="left" |''{{ARU}}'' ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands]]) |{{convert|193|km2|0|disp=table}} |101,484 |{{convert|{{#expr: 101484/193 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 29, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.cbs.aw/cbs/readBlob.do?id=4199 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113151207/http://www.cbs.aw/cbs/readBlob.do?id=4199 |date=2012-11-13 }} |- |24 | align="left" |{{KOR}} |{{convert|100,210|km2|0|disp=table}} |50,801,405 |{{convert|{{#expr: 50801405/100210 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=1&NUM=1 Annual official estimate] |- |25 | align="left" |{{NRU}} |{{convert|21|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,084 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10084/21 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 30, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Nauru.html 2011 census result] |- |26 | align="left" |{{RWA}} |{{convert|25,314|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,882,766 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11882766/25314 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://statistics.gov.rw/ Annual official estimate] |- |27 | align="left" |{{TUV}} |{{convert|26|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,323 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11323/26 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |28 | align="left" |''{{BLM}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|21|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,938 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8938/21 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Offeecial estimate] |- |29 | align="left" |{{COM}} |{{convert|1,861|km2|0|disp=table}} |784,745 |{{convert|{{#expr: 784745/1861 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://comoros.africadata.org/fr/DataAnalysis Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111213747/http://comoros.africadata.org/fr/DataAnalysis |date=2016-01-11 }} |- |30 | align="left" |{{BDI}} |{{convert|27,816|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,552,561 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11552561/27816 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.isteebu.bi/images/rapports/projection%20de%20la%20population%20bdi%202008-2030.pdf Offeecial annual projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403071528/http://www.isteebu.bi/images/rapports/projection%20de%20la%20population%20bdi%202008-2030.pdf |date=2019-04-03 }} |- |31 |{{data Netherlands|popdens}} | align="left" |[https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/visualisaties/population-counter Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009222717/https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/visualisaties/population-counter |date=2018-10-09 }} |- |32 | align="left" |{{HAI}} |{{convert|27,065|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,078,033 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11078033/27065 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/ProjectionsPopulation_Haiti_2007.pdf Offeecial projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219001450/http://ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/ProjectionsPopulation_Haiti_2007.pdf |date=2015-02-19 }} |- |33 |{{data India|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter3.pdf Population clock based on 2011 census] |- |34 |{{data Israel|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&ID=141 Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915102003/http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&ID=141 |date=2018-09-15 }}<ref>Calculatit based on average growth syne last census</ref> |- |35 | align="left" |''{{PRI}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]])<ref>Commonweel o the [[Unitit States]].</ref> |{{convert|8,868|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,411,307 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3411307/8868 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html Offeecial estimate] |- |36 | align="left" |{{BEL}} |{{convert|30,528|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,353,461 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11353461/30528 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/nl/bev/statistieken/stat-1-1_n.pdf Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111002452/http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/nl/bev/statistieken/stat-1-1_n.pdf |date=2014-11-11 }} |- |37 |{{data Philippines|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://rpo3.popcom.gov.ph/ Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915090120/http://rpo3.popcom.gov.ph/ |date=2015-09-15 }} |- |38 | align="left" |{{SRI}} |{{convert|65,610|km2|0|disp=table}} |22,480,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 22480000/65610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/VitalStatistics/MidYearPopulation/Mid-year%20population%20by%20age%20group.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117022357/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/VitalStatistics/MidYearPopulation/Mid-year%20population%20by%20age%20group.pdf |date=2017-11-17 }} |- |39 | align="left" |''{{MTQ}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|1,128|km2|0|disp=table}} |385,551 |{{convert|{{#expr: 385551/1128 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate] |- |40 | align="left" |''{{CUR}}'' ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands]]) |{{convert|444|km2|0|disp=table}} |150,563 |{{convert|{{#expr: 150563/444 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 26, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Curacao.html 2011 census result] |- |41 | align="left" |{{JPN}} |{{convert|377,944|km2|0|disp=table}} |126,860,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 126860000/377944 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2017 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm Monthly official estimate] |- |42 | align="left" |''{{REU}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|2,512|km2|0|disp=table}} |821,136 |{{convert|{{#expr: 821136/2512 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate] |- |43 | align="left" |{{MHL}} |{{convert|181|km2|0|disp=table}} |56,086 |{{convert|{{#expr: 56086/181 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |44 | align="left" |''{{VIR}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]]) |{{convert|352|km2|0|disp=table}} |106,405 |{{convert|{{#expr: 106405/352 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn180.html Final 2010 census result] |- |45 | align="left" |{{SLV}} |{{convert|21,040|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,340,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6340000/21040 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |46 | align="left" |{{GRD}} |{{convert|344|km2|0|disp=table}} |103,328 |{{convert|{{#expr: 103328/344 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 12, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/grenada.aspx 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614004809/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/grenada.aspx |date=2012-06-14 }} |- |47 | align="left" |''{{GUM}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]]) |{{convert|541|km2|0|disp=table}} |159,358 |{{convert|{{#expr: 159358/541 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn179.html Final 2010 census result] |- |48 | align="left" |''{{ASM}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]]) |{{convert|197|km2|0|disp=table}} |55,519 |{{convert|{{#expr: 55519/197 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn177.html Final 2010 census result] |- |49 | align="left" |{{VNM}} |{{convert|331,212|km2|0|disp=table}} |92,700,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 92700000/331212 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=622&ItemID=15862 Offeecial estimate] |- |50 | align="left" |{{LCA}} |{{convert|617|km2|0|disp=table}} |166,526 |{{convert|{{#expr: 166526/617 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 10, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.stats.gov.lc/StLuciaPreliminaryCensusReport2010.pdf Preliminary 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230512/http://www.stats.gov.lc/StLuciaPreliminaryCensusReport2010.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |51 | align="left" |{{GBR}} |{{convert|242,910|km2|0|disp=table}} |65,110,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 65110000/242910 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2015 | align="left" |[https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates Annual official estimate] |- |52 | align="left" |{{VCT}} |{{convert|389|km2|0|disp=table}} |100,892 |{{convert|{{#expr: 100892/389 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2009 | align="left" |[http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602153647/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm |date=2013-06-02 }} |- |53 | align="left" |{{TRI}} |{{convert|5,155|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,328,019 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1328019/5155 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 9, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230527/http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |54 | align="left" |{{JAM}} |{{convert|10,991|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,723,246 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2723246/10991 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2014 | align="left" |[http://statinja.gov.jm/Demo_SocialStats/population.aspx Offeecial estimate] |- |55 | align="left" |''{{GLP}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|1,630|km2|0|disp=table}} |402,119 |{{convert|{{#expr: 402119/1630 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate] |- |56 |{{data Pakistan|popdens}} | align="left" |[https://web.archive.org/web/20181225211657/http://www.census.gov.pk/ Offeecial population clock] |- |57 | align="left" |{{LIE}} |{{convert|160|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,842 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36842/160 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_31_dezember-vorlaeufig.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331084716/http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_31_dezember-vorlaeufig.htm |date=2014-03-31 }} |- |58 | align="left" |{{GER}} |{{convert|357,168|km2|0|disp=table}} |82,175,700 |{{convert|{{#expr: 82175700/357168 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bund.asp Quarterly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110018/http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bund.asp |date=2015-09-24 }} |- |59 | align="left" |{{KWT}} |{{convert|17,818|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,007,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4007000/17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ Offeecial estimate] |- |60 | align="left" |{{DOM}} |{{convert|47,875|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,528,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10528000/47875 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf UN Projection] |- |61 | align="left" |''{{CAY}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|259|km2|0|disp=table}} |55,456 |{{convert|{{#expr: 55456/259 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 10, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.eso.ky/pages.php?page=2010censusofpopulationandhousingfinalreport Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921135615/http://eso.ky/pages.php?page=2010censusofpopulationandhousingfinalreport |date=2013-09-21 }} |- |62 | align="left" |{{LUX}} |{{convert|2,586|km2|0|disp=table}} |537,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 537000/2586 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableViewHTML.aspx?ReportId=383&IF_Language=fra&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1 Offeecial estimate]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |63 | align="left" |{{SUI}} |{{convert|41,285|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,391,973 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8391973/41285 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 30, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand/01.html Quarterly provisional figure] |- |64 | align="left" |{{NGA}} |{{convert|923,768|km2|0|disp=table}} |186,988,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 186988000/923768 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |UN projection |- |65 | align="left" |{{ITA}} |{{convert|301,308|km2|0|disp=table}} |60,592,547 |{{convert|{{#expr: 60592547/301308 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2016 | align="left" |[http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index.html Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216081210/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index.html |date=2018-12-16 }} |- |66 | align="left" |{{PRK}} |{{convert|120,540|km2|0|disp=table}} |24,213,510 |{{convert|{{#expr: 24213510/120540 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2014 | align="left" |[http://kp.one.un.org/content/dam/unct/dprk/docs/2014%20SDHS%20Report_E_final.pdf Preliminary 2014 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031214/http://kp.one.un.org/content/dam/unct/dprk/docs/2014%20SDHS%20Report_E_final.pdf |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |67 | align="left" |{{SEY}} |{{convert|455|km2|0|disp=table}} |93,144 |{{convert|{{#expr: 90945/455 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.nbs.gov.sc/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/End-2015-Population-Bulletin.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031704/http://www.nbs.gov.sc/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/End-2015-Population-Bulletin.pdf |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |68 | align="left" |''{{VGB}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|151|km2|0|disp=table}} |29,537 |{{convert|{{#expr: 29537/151 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 | align="left" |[http://www.dpu.gov.vg Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020525210259/http://www.dpu.gov.vg/ |date=2002-05-25 }} |- |69 | align="left" |{{ATG}} |{{convert|442|km2|0|disp=table}} |86,295 |{{convert|{{#expr: 86295/442 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 27, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Antigua.html Preliminary 2011 census result] |- |70 | align="left" |{{SKN}} |{{convert|270|km2|0|disp=table}} |51,970 |{{convert|{{#expr: 51970/270 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2009 | align="left" |[http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602153647/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm |date=2013-06-02 }} |- |71 | align="left" |{{STP}} |{{convert|1,001|km2|0|disp=table}} |187,356 |{{convert|{{#expr: 187356/1001 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 13, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/SaoTome.html 2012 census result] |- |72 | align="left" |{{NPL}} |{{convert|147,181|km2|0|disp=table}} |26,494,504 |{{convert|{{#expr: 26494504/147181 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 22, 2011 | align="left" |[http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Major-Finding.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717170017/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Major-Finding.pdf |date=2013-07-17 }} |- |73 | align="left" |{{QAT}} |{{convert|11,571|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,024,707 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2024707/11571 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 31, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/PopulationStructure.htm Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130220032/http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/PopulationStructure.htm |date=2012-11-30 }} |- |74 | align="left" |{{GAM}} |{{convert|10,690|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,849,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1849000/10690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |75 | align="left" |{{flag|Kosovo}}<ref>{{Kosovo-note}}</ref> |{{convert|10,910|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,815,606 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1815606/10910 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Kosovo-Cities.html Offeecial estimate] |- |76 | align="left" |{{AND}} |{{convert|464|km2|0|disp=table}} |76,246 |{{convert|{{#expr: 76246/464 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[https://web.archive.org/web/20171113143444/http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic= Offeecial estimate] |- |77 | align="left" |{{UGA}} |{{convert|241,551|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,860,700 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36860700/241551 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/statistical_abstracts/Statistical%20Abstract%202015.pdf Annual official estimate] |- |78 | align="left" |''{{IMN}}'' |{{convert|572|km2|0|disp=table}} |84,497 |{{convert|{{#expr: 84497/572 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 27, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/IsleOfMan.html 2011 census result] |- |79 | align="left" |{{KIR}} |{{convert|726|km2|0|disp=table}} |106,461 |{{convert|{{#expr: 106461/726 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |80 | align="left" |{{CYP}} |{{convert|5,896|km2|0|disp=table}} |862,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 862000/5896 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/C6ECE5795EAC1ED8C2257AB70038FCD4?OpenDocument&sub=1&sel=1&e=&print Offeecial estimate] |- |81 | align="left" |{{TON}} |{{convert|720|km2|0|disp=table}} |104,270 |{{convert|{{#expr: 104270/720 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |82 | align="left" |{{FSM}} |{{convert|701|km2|0|disp=table}} |101,351 |{{convert|{{#expr: 101351/701 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |83 | align="left" |{{GUA}} |{{convert|108,889|km2|0|disp=table}} |15,806,675 |{{convert|{{#expr: 15806675/108889 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2014 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.gob.gt/index.php/estadisticas/tema-indicadores Annual Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314175005/http://www.ine.gob.gt/index.php/estadisticas/tema-indicadores |date=2014-03-14 }} |- |84 |{{data China|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://data.stats.gov.cn/ Offeecial population clock] |- |85 | align="left" |''{{TKL}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]]) |{{convert|10|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,411 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1411/10 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 18, 2011 | align="left" |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Tokelau/report.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815034343/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Tokelau/report.pdf |date=2012-08-15 }} |- |86 | align="left" |''{{AIA}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|96|km2|0|disp=table}} |13,452 |{{convert|{{#expr: 13452/96 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 11, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Anguilla.html Preliminary 2011 census result] |- |87 | align="left" |{{IDN}} |{{convert|1,904,569|km2|0|disp=table}} |260,581,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 260581000/1904569 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/watermark_Proyeksi%20Penduduk%20Indonesia%202010-2035.pdf Offeecial projection] |- |88 | align="left" |{{CZE}} |{{convert|78,867|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,564,866 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10564866/78867 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2016 | align="left" |[https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population Quarterly official estimate] |- |89 | align="left" |{{DNK}} |{{convert|43,098|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,748,769 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5748769/43098 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2017 | align="left" |[http://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning/folketal.aspx Quarterly official estimate] |- |90 | align="left" |{{THA}} |{{convert|513,120|km2|0|disp=table}} |65,729,098 |{{convert|{{#expr: 65729098/513120 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/y_stat58.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527113634/http://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/y_stat58.htm |date=2018-05-27 }} |- |91 | align="left" |{{TOG}} |{{convert|56,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,143,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7143000/56600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.stat-togo.org/index.php/thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/32-thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/etat-structure/79-perspectives-demo Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908020603/http://www.stat-togo.org/index.php/thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/32-thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/etat-structure/79-perspectives-demo |date=2015-09-08 }} |- |92 | align="left" |{{POL}} |{{convert|312,685|km2|0|disp=table}} |38,439,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 38439000/312685 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 31, 2016 | align="left" |[http://stat.gov.pl/podstawowe-dane/ Offeecial estimate] |- |93 | align="left" |{{CPV}} |{{convert|4,033|km2|0|disp=table}} |491,875 |{{convert|{{#expr: 491875/4033 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 16, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.cv/actualise/dadostat/files/7ba5fbd5-bf0a-4faf-a734-0495ba9f80f0evolução%20da%20população%20residente%20em%20cabo%20verde,%201900%20-2010.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003130545/http://www.ine.cv/actualise/dadostat/files/7ba5fbd5-bf0a-4faf-a734-0495ba9f80f0evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20residente%20em%20cabo%20verde%2C%201900%20-2010.pdf |date=2012-10-03 }} |- |94 | align="left" |{{MWI}} |{{convert|118,484|km2|0|disp=table}} |14,388,600 |{{convert|{{#expr: 14388600/118484 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Malawi.html Offeecial estimate] |- |95 | align="left" |{{GHA}} |{{convert|238,533|km2|0|disp=table}} |28,308,301 |{{convert|{{#expr: 28308301/238533 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 26, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/ Offeecial projection] |- |96 | align="left" |''{{MNP}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]]) |{{convert|457|km2|0|disp=table}} |53,883 |{{convert|{{#expr: 53883/457 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn178.html Final 2010 census result] |- |97 | align="left" |{{FRA}} |{{convert|543,965|km2|0|disp=table}} |66,821,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 64149000/543965 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/bases-de-donnees/bsweb/serie.asp?idbank=001641607 Monthly official estimate] |- |98 | align="left" |{{UAE}} |{{convert|83,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,856,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9856000/83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/index.aspx Offeecial estimate] |- |99 | align="left" |{{AZE}} |{{convert|86,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,755,500 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9755500/86600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://stat.gov.az/news/?id=3311 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031604/http://stat.gov.az/news/?id=3311 |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |100 | align="left" |{{PRT}} |{{convert|92,090|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,341,330 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10341330/92090 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_main&xpid=INE Offeecial estimate] |- |101 | align="left" |{{SVK}} |{{convert|49,036|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,426,252 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5426252/49036 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=68588 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031417/http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=68588 |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |102 |{{data Jordan|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm |date=2012-01-17 }} |- |103 | align="left" |{{HUN}} |{{convert|93,029|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,830,485 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9830485/93029 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_annual/i_wnt001b.html Annual official estimate] |- |104 | align="left" |{{MDA}} |{{convert|33,843|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,553,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3553100/33843 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.statistica.md/category.php?l=ro&idc=103& Offeecial estimate] |- |105 | align="left" |{{AUT}} |{{convert|83,879|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,767,919 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8767919/83879 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html Offeecial quarterly estimate] |- |106 | align="left" |{{CUB}} |{{convert|109,884|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,239,004 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11239004/109886 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.one.cu/aec2015/03%20Poblacion.pdf Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329125044/http://www.one.cu/aec2015/03%20Poblacion.pdf |date=2017-03-29 }} |- |107 | align="left" |{{TUR}} |{{convert|783,562|km2|0|disp=table}} |79,814,871 |{{convert|{{#expr: 79814871/783562 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108091816/http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do |date=2017-11-08 }} |- |108 | align="left" |{{SVN}} |{{convert|20,273|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,064,241 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2064241/20273 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/field-overview?idp=17&headerbar=13 Offeecial quarterly estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031406/http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/field-overview?idp=17&headerbar=13 |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |109 | align="left" |{{ARM}} |{{convert|29,743|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,995,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2995100/29743 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=126&id=19001&submit=Search Offeecial estimate] |- |110 | align="left" |{{ALB}} |{{convert|28,703|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,886,026 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2886026/28703 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.instat.gov.al/en/publications/press-releases/press-release-population-of-albania-1-january-2016.aspx Offeecial annual estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421163002/http://instat.gov.al/en/publications/press-releases/press-release-population-of-albania-1-january-2016.aspx |date=2016-04-21 }} |- |111 | align="left" |{{SYR}} |{{convert|185,180|km2|0|disp=table}} |18,564,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 18564000/185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN estimate] |- |112 | align="left" |{{SLE}} |{{convert|71,740|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,075,641 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7075641/71740 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 4, 2015 | align="left" |[https://www.statistics.sl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2015-Census-Provisional-Result.pdf Preliminary 2015 census result] |- |113 |{{data Malaysia|popdens}}<!-- Do not replace this with a manual calculation. Template:Data Malaysia, like other data templates do for other countries, is used to automatically calculate today's population based on official sources. If this country's population is not accurate, please update the data template, not this article. --> | align="left" |[http://www.statistics.gov.my Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611041219/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ |date=2008-06-11 }} |- |114 | align="left" |{{DMA}} |{{convert|739|km2|0|disp=table}} |71,293 |{{convert|{{#expr: 71293/739 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 14, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.dominica.gov.dm/cms/files/2011_census_report.pdf Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608104411/http://www.dominica.gov.dm/cms/files/2011_census_report.pdf |date=2019-06-08 }} |- |115 | align="left" |{{ETH}} |{{convert|1,063,652|km2|0|disp=table}} |101,853,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 101853000/1063652 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN projection] |- |116 | align="left" |{{CRI}} |{{convert|51,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,890,379 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4890379/51100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.inec.go.cr/ Offeecial estimate] |- |117 | align="left" |{{BEN}} |{{convert|112,622|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,653,654 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10653654/112622 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[https://web.archive.org/web/20171020064707/http://www.insae-bj.org/Migration.html?file=files%2Fstats-demographiques%2FSTATISTIQUES%20DEMOGRAPHIQUES.xlsx Offeecial projection] |- |118 | align="left" |{{TRNC}} |{{convert|3355|km2|0|disp=table}} |313,626 |{{convert|{{#expr: 313626/3355 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2014 | align="left" |[http://www.devplan.org/Ecosos/BOOK/SEG-2014.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108225108/http://www.devplan.org/Ecosos/BOOK/SEG-2014.pdf |date=2016-01-08 }} |- |119 |{{data Egypt|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.capmas.gov.eg Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907025744/https://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |date=2023-09-07 }} |- |120 | align="left" |{{ESP}} |{{convert|505,990|km2|0|disp=table}} |46,438,422 |{{convert|{{#expr: 46438422/505990 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.es/inebaseDYN/cp30321/cp_inicio.htm Offeecial estimate] |- |121 | align="left" |{{SRB}} |{{convert|77,474|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,076,372 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7076372/77474 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PageView.aspx?pKey=2 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225081855/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PageView.aspx?pKey=2 |date=2015-12-25 }} |- |122 | align="left" |{{KHM}} |{{convert|181,035|km2|0|disp=table}} |15,626,444 |{{convert|{{#expr: 15626444/181035 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/cambodia/pdf/rp12_ch10.pdf Offeecial annual projection] |- |123 | align="left" |{{IRQ}} |{{convert|434,128|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,787,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36787000/434128 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://cosit.gov.iq/en/rtl-support Annual official projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319085807/http://cosit.gov.iq/en/rtl-support |date=2017-03-19 }} |- |124 | align="left" |{{ROM}} |{{convert|238,391|km2|0|disp=table}} |19,760,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 19760000/238391 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2016e.pdf Offeecial annual estimate] |- |125 | align="left" |{{GRE}} |{{convert|131,957|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,858,018 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10858018/131957 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SPO18/- Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110002613/http://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SPO18/- |date=2021-01-10 }} |- |126 | align="left" |{{KEN}} |{{convert|581,834|km2|0|disp=table}} |47,251,449 |{{convert|{{#expr: 47251449/581834 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN projection] |- |127 | align="left" |{{MKD}} |{{convert|25,713|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,071,278 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2071278/25713 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.gov.mk/OblastOpsto_en.aspx?id=2 Offeecial estimate] |- |128 | align="left" |{{MYA}} |{{convert|676,577|km2|0|disp=table}} |54,363,426 |{{convert|{{#expr: 54363426/676577 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 29, 2014 | align="left" |[http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/east-asia/story/myanmar-census-shows-population-9-million-fewer-estimated-20140830 Preliminary 2014 census result] |- |129 | align="left" |{{HON}} |{{convert|112,492|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,721,014 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8721014/112492 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.gob.hn/images/Productos%20ine/censo/Censo%202013/Proyecciones/Proyecciones%20Ine%202016.xlsx Offeecial projection] |- |130 |{{data Morocco|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.hcp.ma Offeecial population clock] |- |131 | align="left" |''{{PYF}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|3,521|km2|0|disp=table}} |268,270 |{{convert|{{#expr: 268270/3521 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 22, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2012/Premiers_résultats_population_légale.sflb.ashx Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221193409/http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2012/Premiers_r%C3%A9sultats_population_l%C3%A9gale.sflb.ashx |date=2014-02-21 }} |- |132 | align="left" |{{SEN}} |{{convert|196,722|km2|0|disp=table}} |14,799,859 |{{convert|{{#expr: 14799859/196722 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ansd.sn/senegal_indicateurs.html Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060113/http://www.ansd.sn/senegal_indicateurs.html |date=2012-01-17 }} |- |133 | align="left" |{{CRO}} |{{convert|56,542|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,190,669 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4190669/56542 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/system/first_results.htm#MIG Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705025245/http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/system/first_results.htm#MIG |date=2017-07-05 }} |- |134 | align="left" |{{UKR}}<ref>Excludes [[Crimea]]</ref> |{{convert|576,500 |km2|0|disp=table}} |42,642,434 |{{convert|{{#expr: 42642434/576500 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/eng/news/op_popul_e.asp Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808023040/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/eng/news/op_popul_e.asp |date=2016-08-08 }} |- |135 | align="left" |{{CIV}} |{{convert|322,921|km2|0|disp=table}} |23,202,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 23202000/322921 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[http://www.ins.ci/n Offeecial estimate] |- |136 | align="left" |{{SWZ}} |{{convert|17,364|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,250,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1250000/17364 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |137 | align="left" |{{TLS}} |{{convert|14,919|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,066,409 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1066409/14919 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 11, 2010 | align="left" |[http://dne.mof.gov.tl Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816060817/http://dne.mof.gov.tl/ |date=2012-08-16 }} |- |138 | align="left" |{{BIH}} |{{convert|51,209|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,531,159 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3531159/51209 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 30, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224103940/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |date=2017-12-24 }} |- |139 | align="left" |{{UZB}} |{{convert|444,103|km2|0|disp=table}} |30,492,800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 30492800/444103 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.uz/demographic Offeecial estimate]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214183713/http://www.stat.uz/demographic// |date=2014-12-14 }} |- |140 | align="left" |{{LES}} |{{convert|30,355|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,074,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2074000/30355 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |141 | align="left" |{{BRU}} |{{convert|5,765|km2|0|disp=table}} |393,162 |{{convert|{{#expr: 393162/5765 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 20, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.depd.gov.bn/projects/BPP/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20BPP%202011_updated_20Feb2012.pdf Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010121333/http://www.depd.gov.bn/projects/BPP/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20BPP%202011_updated_20Feb2012.pdf |date=2012-10-10 }} |- |142 | align="left" |{{IRL}} |{{convert|70,273|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,757,976 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4757976/70273 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 24, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpr/censusofpopulation2016-preliminaryresults/ Offeecial census figures] |- |143 | align="left" |{{SAM}} |{{convert|2,831|km2|0|disp=table}} |187,820 |{{convert|{{#expr: 187820/2831 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 7, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.sbs.gov.ws Final 2011 census result] |- |144 | align="left" |{{TUN}} |{{convert|163,610|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,777,500 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10777500/163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexfr.php Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117075430/http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexfr.php |date=2020-11-17 }} |- |145 | align="left" |''{{BES}}'' ([[Netherlands]]) |{{convert|322|km2|0|disp=table}} |21,133 |{{convert|{{#expr: 21133/322 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/NedAntillen.html Offeecial estimate] |- |146 | align="left" |''{{NFK}}'' ([[Australia]]) |{{convert|35|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,302 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2302/35 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 9, 2011 | align="left" |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Norfolk_Island/report.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200110/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Norfolk_Island/report.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} |- |147 | align="left" |{{BFA}} |{{convert|270,764|km2|0|disp=table}} |17,322,796 |{{convert|{{#expr: 17322796/270764 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 | align="left" |[http://www.insd.bf/fr Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814084502/http://www.insd.bf/fr |date=2012-08-14 }} |- |148 | align="left" |{{ECU}} |{{convert|255,595|km2|0|disp=table}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: 150000+6.95*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}} round 0}}00}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (15000000+695*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}})/255595 round 0}}}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (15000000+695*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}})/98686 round 0}}}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} | align="left" |[http://www.inec.gob.ec/proyecciones_poblacionales/relojnew.swf Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121131641/http://www.inec.gob.ec/proyecciones_poblacionales/relojnew.swf |date=2013-01-21 }} |- |149 | align="left" |{{BUL}} |{{convert|111,002|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,153,784 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7153784/111002 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.nsi.bg/bg/node/14154] |- |150 | align="left" |''{{TCA}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|497|km2|0|disp=table}} |31,458 |{{convert|{{#expr: 31458/497 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 25, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/TurksCaicos.html 2012 census result] |- |151 | align="left" |''{{COK}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]]) |{{convert|237|km2|0|disp=table}} |14,974 |{{convert|{{#expr: 14974/237 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 1, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.mfem.gov.ck/docs/Stats/2012/Census/2011%20Cook%20Islands%20Population%20Census%20Report.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230514/http://www.mfem.gov.ck/docs/Stats/2012/Census/2011%20Cook%20Islands%20Population%20Census%20Report.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |152 | align="left" |{{MEX}} |{{convert|1,967,138|km2|0|disp=table}} |122,273,473 |{{convert|{{#expr: 122273473/1967138 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/Proyecciones/Datos/Bases_de_Datos/Indicadores_demograficos/CSV/baseindidemMX.csv Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205000208/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/Proyecciones/Datos/Bases_de_Datos/Indicadores_demograficos/CSV/baseindidemMX.csv |date=2017-12-05 }} |- |153 | align="left" |{{TAN}} |{{convert|883,749|km2|0|disp=table}} |55,155,473 |{{convert|{{#expr: 55155473/883749 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 26, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230453/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |154 | align="left" |{{TJK}} |{{convert|143,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,551,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8551000/143100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.tj/en Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306125630/http://www.stat.tj/en/ |date=2012-03-06 }} |- |155 | align="left" |{{GNQ}} |{{convert|28,051|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,622,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1622000/28051 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 | align="left" |[https://web.archive.org/web/20190107063158/https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/404.shtml Offeecial estimate] |- |156 | align="left" |{{YEM}} |{{convert|455,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |24,527,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 24527000/455000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[http://www.cso-yemen.org/content.php?lng=arabic&id=553 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211602/http://www.cso-yemen.org/content.php?lng=arabic&id=553 |date=2015-09-23 }} |- |157 | align="left" |{{GEO}} |{{convert|69,700|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,720,400 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3720400/69700 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=152&lang=eng Offeecial estimate] |- |158 | align="left" |{{ERI}} |{{convert|121,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,333,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6333000/121100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |159 | align="left" |{{NIC}} |{{convert|121,428|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,071,045 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6071045/121428 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.inide.gob.ni/estadisticas/Cifras%20municipales%20año%202012%20INIDE.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230512/http://www.inide.gob.ni/estadisticas/Cifras%20municipales%20a%C3%B1o%202012%20INIDE.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |160 |{{data Iran|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=133 Offeecial population clock] |- |161 | align="left" |''{{MSR}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|102|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,922 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4922/102 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 12, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Montserrat-At-A-Glance.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403071254/http://www.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Montserrat-At-A-Glance.pdf |date=2019-04-03 }} |- |162 | align="left" |''{{WLF}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|274|km2|0|disp=table}} |13,135 |{{convert|{{#expr: 13135/274 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |163 | align="left" |{{FIJ}} |{{convert|18,333|km2|0|disp=table}} |858,038 |{{convert|{{#expr: 858038/18333 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Key%20Stats/Population/1.2%20pop%20by%20ethnicity.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416021611/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Key%20Stats/Population/1.2%20pop%20by%20ethnicity.pdf |date=2013-04-16 }} |- |164 | align="left" |{{PAN}} |{{convert|74,177|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,405,813 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3405813/74177 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 16, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.censos2010.gob.pa/Resultados/cuadros.aspx Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307170158/http://www.censos2010.gob.pa/Resultados/Cuadros.aspx |date=2011-03-07 }} |- |165 | align="left" |{{BLR}} |{{convert|207,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,469,200 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9469200/207600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 | align="left" |[http://belstat.gov.by/en/ofitsialnaya-statistika/otrasli-statistiki/naselenie/demografiya_2/current-data/demographic-situation-in-Half-Year-2014 Quarterly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729023401/http://belstat.gov.by/en/ofitsialnaya-statistika/otrasli-statistiki/naselenie/demografiya_2/current-data/demographic-situation-in-Half-Year-2014/ |date=2014-07-29 }} |- |166 | align="left" |{{MNE}} |{{convert|13,812|km2|0|disp=table}} |620,029 |{{convert|{{#expr: 620029/13812 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje%281%29.pdf Final 2011 census result] |- |167 | align="left" |{{CMR}} |{{convert|466,050|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,386,799 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20386799/466050 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.cm/downloads/annuaire/2012/Annuaire-2012-chapitre-4.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517031000/http://www.stat.cm/downloads/annuaire/2012/Annuaire-2012-chapitre-4.pdf |date=2018-05-17 }} |- |168 |align=left|[[Colombie]] | align="left" |1,141,748 |440,831 |49,087,979 |43 |111.35 |Februar 14, 2017 |[http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114091321/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |date=2012-01-14 }} |- |169 | align="left" |{{GUI}} |{{convert|245,857|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,628,972 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10628972/245857 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2015 | align="left" |[http://www.stat-guinee.org Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712050037/http://www.stat-guinee.org/ |date=2012-07-12 }} |- |170 | align="left" |{{RSA}} |{{convert|1,220,813|km2|0|disp=table}} |52,981,991 |{{convert|{{#expr: 52981991/1220813 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022013.pdf Offeecial estimate] |- |171 | align="left" |{{PLW}} |{{convert|488|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,901 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20901/488 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |172 | align="left" |{{GNB}} |{{convert|36,125|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,547,777 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1547777/36125 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/Projeccao_demografica.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031343/http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/Projeccao_demografica.pdf |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |173 | align="left" |{{LIT}} |{{convert|65,300|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,836,708 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2836708/65300 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010101&PLanguage=1&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=7743&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14= Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819130935/http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010101&PLanguage=1&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=7743&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14= |date=2010-08-19 }} |- |174 | align="left" |{{LBR}} |{{convert|97,036|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,076,530 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4076530/97036 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.lisgis.net/pg_img/Population%20Projection%20final%20110512.pdf Offeecial projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224150241/http://www.lisgis.net/pg_img/Population%20Projection%20final%20110512.pdf |date=2021-02-24 }} |- |175 | align="left" |{{AFG}} |{{convert|645,807|km2|0|disp=table}} |25,500,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 25500100/645807 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Settled%20Population%20by%20Civil%20Division,.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918003706/http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Settled%20Population%20by%20Civil%20Division,.pdf |date=2012-09-18 }} |- |176 | align="left" |''{{CCK}}'' ([[Australia]]) |{{convert|14|km2|0|disp=table}} |550 |{{convert|{{#expr: 550/14 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 9, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Australia-Agglo.html 2011 census result] |- |177 | align="left" |{{DJI}} |{{convert|23,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |864,618 |{{convert|{{#expr: 864618/23000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.ministere-finances.dj/Annuaire2012Ver02102012-Correct3.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053048/http://www.ministere-finances.dj/Annuaire2012Ver02102012-Correct3.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} |- |178 | align="left" |{{COD}} |{{convert|2,345,095|km2|0|disp=table}} |85,026,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 85026000/2345095 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.ins-rdc.org/sites/default/files/Montage%20AnnuStat%20FINAL%202%20From%20VEROUILLE%20_0.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114103852/http://www.ins-rdc.org/sites/default/files/Montage%20AnnuStat%20FINAL%202%20From%20VEROUILLE%20_0.pdf |date=2016-01-14 }} |- |179 | align="left" |{{MDG}} |{{convert|587,041|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,696,070 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20696070/587041 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2011 | align="left" |[http://www.instat.mg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=56 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005948/http://www.instat.mg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=56 |date=2011-05-20 }} |- |180 | align="left" |''{{flag|Saunt Helena}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|122|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,255 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4255/122 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |February 10, 2008 | align="left" |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf Preliminary 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629183023/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |date=2014-06-29 }} |- |181 | align="left" |''{{FRO}}'' ([[Denmark]]) |{{convert|1,399|km2|0|disp=table}} |48,244 |{{convert|{{#expr: 48244/1399 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Statistics_%20Faroe_Islands Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511090929/http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Statistics_%20Faroe_Islands |date=2011-05-11 }} |- |182 |{{data United States|Popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.census.gov/popclock Offeecial population clock] |- |183 | align="left" |{{ZIM}} |{{convert|390,757|km2|0|disp=table}} |12,973,808 |{{convert|{{#expr: 12973808/390757 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 17, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060905/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf |date=2013-09-03 }} |- |184 | align="left" |{{VEN}} |{{convert|916,445|km2|0|disp=table}} |28,946,101 |{{convert|{{#expr: 28946101/916445 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 30, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=473:para-el-30102011-28946101-total-preliminar-de-personas-en-venezuela&catid=121:censo-2011 Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002094142/http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=473:para-el-30102011-28946101-total-preliminar-de-personas-en-venezuela&catid=121:censo-2011 |date=2013-10-02 }} |- |185 | align="left" |{{LAT}} |{{convert|64,562|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,005,200 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2005200/64562 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 | align="left" |[http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628214416/http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html |date=2013-06-28 }} |- |186 | align="left" |{{MOZ}} |{{convert|799,380|km2|0|disp=table}} |23,700,715 |{{convert|{{#expr: 23700715/799380 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.gov.mz/Dashboards.aspx Offeecial estimate] |- |187 | align="left" |{{KGZ}} |{{convert|199,945|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,895,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5895100/199945 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2015 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.kg/media/statisticsoperational/8095e2a8-5228-4645-90e5-4ee025605225.xls Offeecial estimate] |- |188 | align="left" |{{EST}} |{{convert|45,339|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,313,271 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1313271/45339 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.ee/main-indicators Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123153505/http://www.stat.ee/main-indicators |date=2012-11-23 }} |- |189 | align="left" |{{LAO}} |{{convert|236,800|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,580,800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6580800/236800 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 | align="left" |[http://www.nsc.gov.la/Statistics/Selected%20Statistics/Population.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517150036/http://www.nsc.gov.la/Statistics/Selected%20Statistics/Population.htm |date=2012-05-17 }} |- |190 | align="left" |{{BHS}} |{{convert|13,940|km2|0|disp=table}} |351,461 |{{convert|{{#expr: 351461/13940 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 3, 2010 | align="left" |[http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/056411800.pdf Final 2010 census result]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |191 | align="left" |''{{SPM}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|242|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,081 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6081/242 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Offeecial estimate] |- |192 | align="left" |{{BRA}} |{{convert|8,515,767|km2|0|disp=table}} |202,768,562 |{{convert|{{#expr: 202768562/8515767 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 | align="left" |[ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2014/estimativa_dou_2014.pdf Offeecial estimate] |- |193 | align="left" |{{PER}} |{{convert|1,285,216|km2|0|disp=table}} |30,475,144 |{{convert|{{#expr: 30475144/1285216 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0842/cap03.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601002017/http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0842/cap03.htm |date=2012-06-01 }} |- |194 | align="left" |{{CHL}} |{{convert|756,096|km2|0|disp=table}} |16,634,603 |{{convert|{{#expr: 16634603/756096 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 9, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.censo.cl/contenido/sintesis_resultados_censo_2012.pdf Final 2012 census result]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |195 | align="left" |{{VAN}} |{{convert|12,190|km2|0|disp=table}} |264,652 |{{convert|{{#expr: 264652/12190 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |196 |{{data Sweden|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.scb.se Offeecial population clock] |- |197 | align="left" |{{BTN}} |{{convert|38,394|km2|0|disp=table}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: 720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}} round 0}}}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}})/38394 round 0}}}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}})/14824 round 0}}}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} | align="left" |[http://www.nsb.gov.bt/main/main.php#&slider1=1 Offeecial population clock]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |198 | align="left" |{{URU}} |{{convert|176,215|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,286,314 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3286314/176215 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 30, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/index.html Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112153208/http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/index.html |date=2012-01-12 }} |- |199 | align="left" |''{{ALA}}'' ([[Finland]]) |{{convert|1,552|km2|0|disp=table}} |28,502 |{{convert|{{#expr: 28502/1552 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.asub.ax/start.con?iLan=2 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115211225/http://www.asub.ax/start.con?iLan=2 |date=2016-11-15 }} |- |200 | align="left" |{{SOL}} |{{convert|28,370|km2|0|disp=table}} |515,870 |{{convert|{{#expr: 515870/28370 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 23, 2009 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/prism/solomons 2009 census result] |- |201 | align="left" |{{SSD}} |{{convert|644,329|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,296,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11296000/644329 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |202 |{{data New Zealand|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods_and_services/population_clock.aspx Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604223109/http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods_and_services/population_clock.aspx |date=2010-06-04 }} |- |203 | align="left" |{{ZAM}} |{{convert|752,612|km2|0|disp=table}} |13,092,666 |{{convert|{{#expr: 13092666/752612 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 16, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Zambia.html Final 2010 census result] |- |204 | align="left" |{{SDN}} |{{convert|1,839,542|km2|0|disp=table}} |30,894,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 30894000/1839542 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 22, 2008 | align="left" |[http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520025735/http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf |date=2013-05-20 }} |- |205 | align="left" |{{ANG}} |{{convert|1,246,700|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,609,294 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20609294/1246700 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.gov.ao Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126193220/http://www.ine.gov.ao/ |date=2015-11-26 }} |- |206 | align="left" |{{FIN}} |{{convert|338,424|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,489,057 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5489057/338424 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 13, 2015 | align="left" |[http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?site=4&docid=85 Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002005827/http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?site=4&docid=85 |date=2015-10-02 }} |- |207 | align="left" |{{PAR}} |{{convert|406,752|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,672,631 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6672631/406752 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 | align="left" |[http://www.dgeec.gov.py/sub_index/Pobreza/Paraguay%20Evolucion%20de%20la%20Poblacion%20Total%20Periodo%201950-2002%20Proyeccion%202012.pdf Offeecial estimate] |- |208 | align="left" |{{ALG}} |{{convert|2,381,741|km2|0|disp=table}} |38,700,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 38700000/2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 | align="left" |[http://www.ons.dz/-Demographie-.html Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306220607/http://www.ons.dz/-Demographie-.html |date=2012-03-06 }} |- |209 | align="left" |{{NOR}} |{{convert|323,782|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,252,166 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5189435/323782 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2016 | align="left" |[https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/kvartal Quarterly official estimate] |- |210 | align="left" |{{PNG}} |{{convert|462,840|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,398,500 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7398500/462840 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdd/index.php/en/downloads/doc_download/736-population-datasheet-jan-2014 Annual official estimate] |- |211 | align="left" |''{{CXR}}'' ([[Australia]]) |{{convert|137|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,072 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2072/137 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 9, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Australia-Agglo.html 2011 census result] |- |212 | align="left" |{{SOM}} |{{convert|637,657|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,331,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9331000/637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Somalia.html Offeecial estimate] |- |213 | align="left" |{{NER}} |{{convert|1,186,408|km2|0|disp=table}} |17,129,076 |{{convert|{{#expr: 17129076/1186408 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 10, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/rgph2012.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] |- |214 | align="left" |{{ARG}} |{{convert|2,780,400|km2|0|disp=table}} |40,117,096 |{{convert|{{#expr: 40117096/2780400 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 27, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/novedades/gacetilla_01_09_11.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034527/http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/novedades/gacetilla_01_09_11.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} |- |215 | align="left" |{{BLZ}} |{{convert|22,965|km2|0|disp=table}} |324,528 |{{convert|{{#expr: 324528/22965 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 12, 2010 | align="left" |[http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127084833/http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf |date=2016-01-27 }} |- |216 | align="left" |{{SAU}} |{{convert|2,149,690|km2|0|disp=table}} |29,994,272 |{{convert|{{#expr: 29994272/2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 | align="left" |[http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919225542/http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english/ |date=2012-09-19 }} |- |217 | align="left" |''{{NCL}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|18,575|km2|0|disp=table}} |258,958 |{{convert|{{#expr: 258958/18575 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- |218 | align="left" |{{OMN}} |{{convert|309,500|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,183,841 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4183841/309500 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 9, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website Weekly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530052708/http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website |date=2014-05-30 }} |- |219 | align="left" |{{COG}} |{{convert|342,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,448,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4448000/342000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |220 | align="left" |{{MLI}} |{{convert|1,248,574|km2|0|disp=table}} |14,528,662 |{{convert|{{#expr: 14528662/1248574 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2009 | align="left" |[http://instat.gov.ml Final 2009 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413171022/http://www.instat.gov.ml/ |date=2012-04-13 }} |- |221 | align="left" |{{TKM}} |{{convert|491,210|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,240,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5240000/491210 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |222 | align="left" |''{{flag|Ascension Island}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|88|km2|0|disp=table}} |880 |{{convert|{{#expr: 880/88 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |February 10, 2008 | align="left" |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf Preliminary 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629183023/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |date=2014-06-29 }} |- |223 | align="left" |{{BOL}} |{{convert|1,098,581|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,389,913 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10389913/1098581 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 21, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.ine.gob.bo/pdf/boletin/NP_2013_2.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] |- |224 | align="left" |{{CHA}} |{{convert|1,284,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,274,106 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11274106/1284000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 20, 2009 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Chad.html Preliminary 2009 census result] |- |225 | align="left" |{{RUS}} |{{convert|17,098,242|km2|0|disp=table}} |143,975,923 |{{convert|{{#expr: 143975923/17098242 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk11/8-0.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213200830/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk11/8-0.htm |date=2014-02-13 }} |- |226 | align="left" |{{CAF}} |{{convert|622,436|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,616,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4616000/622436 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |227 | align="left" |{{GAB}} |{{convert|267,667|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,672,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1672000/267667 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |228 | align="left" |{{KAZ}} |{{convert|2,724,900|km2|0|disp=table}} |17,186,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 17186000/2724900 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |February 1, 2014 | align="left" |[http://www.eng.stat.kz/Pages/default.aspx Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117231623/http://www.eng.stat.kz/Pages/default.aspx |date=2014-01-17 }} |- |229 | align="left" |''{{NIU}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]]) |{{convert|261|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,613 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1613/261 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 10, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Niue.html Final 2011 census result] |- |230 | align="left" |{{GUY}} |{{convert|214,999|km2|0|disp=table}} |784,894 |{{convert|{{#expr: 784894/214999 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 | align="left" |[http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana_Population_Projections_2005-2025.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031300/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana_Population_Projections_2005-2025.pdf |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |231 | align="left" |{{LBY}} |{{convert|1,770,060|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,244,174 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6202000/1770060 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |232 |{{data Canada|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html Offeecial estimate] |- |233 |{{data Australia|popdens}} | align="left" |[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Offeecial estimate] |- |234 | align="left" |{{BOT}} |{{convert|581,730|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,024,904 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2024904/581730 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 22, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20of%20Districts.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525113252/http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20of%20Districts.pdf |date=2013-05-25 }} |- |235 | align="left" |{{MTN}} |{{convert|1,030,700|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,461,041 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3461041/1030700 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 | align="left" |[http://www.ons.mr/doc/publication/Projectionpopulation.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925151255/http://www.ons.mr/doc/publication/Projectionpopulation.pdf |date=2015-09-25 }} |- |236 | align="left" |{{SUR}} |{{convert|163,820|km2|0|disp=table}} |534,189 |{{convert|{{#expr: 534189/163820 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 13, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Suriname.html Preliminary 2012 census result] |- |237 | align="left" |{{ISL}} |{{convert|102,775|km2|0|disp=table}} |332,529 |{{convert|{{#expr: 332529/102775 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2016 | align="left" |[http://www.statice.is Offeecial estimate] |- |238 | align="left" |''{{GUF}}'' ([[Fraunce]]) |{{convert|86,504|km2|0|disp=table}} |244,118 |{{convert|{{#expr: 244118/86504 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate] |- |239 | align="left" |{{NAM}} |{{convert|825,118|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,113,077 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2113077/825118 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 28, 2011 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Namibia.html Final 2011 census result] |- |240 | align="left" |{{flagicon|SADR}} [[Wastren Sahara]]<ref>Admeenistration is split atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]], baith o which claim the entire territory.</ref> |{{convert|252,120|km2|0|disp=table}} |567,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 567000/252120 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 | align="left" |UN estimate |- |241 | align="left" |{{MNG}} |{{convert|1,564,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,000,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3000000/1564100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 24, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/6068 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034911/http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/6068 |date=2015-09-24 }} |- |242 | align="left" |''{{flag|Tristan da Cunha}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|207|km2|0|disp=table}} |266 |{{convert|{{#expr: 266/207 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |February 10, 2008 | align="left" |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf Preliminary 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629183023/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |date=2014-06-29 }} |- |243 | align="left" |''{{PCN}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]]) |{{convert|47|km2|0|disp=table}} |56 |{{convert|{{#expr: 56/47 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Pitcairn.html 2013 census result] |- |244 | align="left" |''{{FLK}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])<ref>Islands claimed bi [[Argentinae]].</ref> |{{convert|12,173|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,563 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2563/12173 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 15, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.falklands.gov.fk/our-people 2012 census result] |- |245 | align="left" |''{{SJM}}'' ([[Norawa]]) |{{convert|61,399|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,655 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2655/61399 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |September 1, 2012 | align="left" |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Svalbard.html Offeecial estimate] |- |246 | align="left" |''{{GRL}}'' ([[Denmark]]) |{{convert|2,166,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |55,984 |{{convert|{{#expr: 55984/2166000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2015 | align="left" |[http://www.stat.gl/default.asp?lang=en Offeecial estimate] |- !Pos.!!Kintra (or dependent territory)!!Aurie (km²)!!Aurie (mi²)!!Population!!Density<br>(pop./km²)!!Density<br>(pop./mi²)!!Date!!Population soorce |} ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leet O sovereign states an dependent territories bi population density}} [[Category:Demografie]] [[Category:Human owerpopulation]] [[Category:Leets o kintras bi population]] [[Category:Leets o kintras bi population density]] [[Category:Leets bi population density|Kintras an dependencies]] gdzauykc73iww87v3hn8torlfery2do 0 203241 923745 923163 2026-09-29T17:40:12Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 got rid o hings like reid categories 923745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Kamala Harris |image = Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait.jpg |office = 49t Vice Praisident of the Unitit States |president = [[Joe Biden]] |predecessor = [[Mike Pence]] |successor = [[JD Vance]] |term_start = 20 Januar 2021 |term_end = 20 Januar 2025 |jr/sr1 = Unitit States Senatour |state1 = [[California]] |alongside1 = [[Dianne Feinstein]] |term_start1 = 3 Januar 2017 |term_end1 = 18 Januar 2021 |predecessor1 = [[Barbara Boxer]] |successor1 = [[Alex Padilla]] |office2 = 27t [[San Francisco Destrict Attorney's Office|Destrict Attorney of San Francisco]] |governor2 = Jerry Brown |term_start2 = 8 Januar 2004 |term_end2 = 3 Januar 2011 |predecessor2 = [[Terence Hallinan]] |successor2 = [[George Gascón]] |birth_name = Kamala Devi Harris |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|10|20}} |birth_place = [[Oakland, California]], U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] |spouse = {{marriage|Douglas Emhoff|2014}} |relatives = [[Maya Harris]] (sister) |education = [[Howard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of California, Hastings]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) |website = {{url|harris.senate.gov|Senate website}} |signature=Kamala Harris Signature.svg}} '''Kamala Devi Harris''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|m|ə|l|ə}} {{respell|KAH|mə|lə}}; born 20 October 1964) is an American lawer, politician and a member of the [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic Pairty]]. She sairved as [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|Vice Praisident of the Unitit States]], and is the first female, first African-American, and first Asian-American tae bruik the office. Harris haes sairved as the junior [[Unitit States Senate|Unitit States Senatour]] frae [[Californie|California]] frae 2017 till 2021. ==Fremmit airtins== *[https://kamalaharris.com/ Offeicial Wabsteid] (English) *[https://www.congress.gov/member/kamala-harris/H001075 Senator Kamala D. Harris] (English) *[https://www.newsletter.co.uk/heritage-and-retro/heritage/white-house-democratic-candidate-kamala-harris-has-ulster-scots-roots-2943368 White House Democratic candidate Kamala Harris has Ulster-Scots roots] (English) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, Kamala}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] [[Category:20t-century American politeecians]] [[Category:20t-century American writers]] [[Category:21st-century American politeecians]] [[Category:Activists frae Californie]] [[Category:American gun control advocates]] [[Category:American weemen lawers]] [[Category:Baptists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Californie Democrats]] [[Category:Democratic Pairty Unitit States Senators]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Writers frae San Francisco]] [[Category:Candidates in the 2020 Unitit States presidential election]] {{Stub/USPoliteecian}} k9cu555juqxpifmy4piirrr6x2io22y 0 208328 923787 708784 2026-09-30T03:15:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{automatic taxobox | taxon = Tardigrades | name = Tardigrades | fossil_range = {{fossil range|earliest=531|Cambrian|Recent|ref=<ref name=Budd2001>{{cite journal |doi=10.1078/0044-5231-00034 |title=Tardigrades as 'Stem-Group Arthropods': The Evidence from the Cambrian Fauna |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |volume=240 |issue=3–4 |pages=265–79 |year=2001 |last1=Budd |first1=Graham E }}</ref>}} | image = SEM image of Milnesium tardigradum in active state - journal.pone.0045682.g001-2.png | image_caption = ''[[Milnesium tardigradum]]'' | authority = [[Lazzaro Spallanzani|Spallanzani]], 1777 | subdivision_ranks = Clesses | subdivision = {{Linked taxon list |Eutardigrada| |Heterotardigrada| |Mesotardigrada| }} }} '''Tardigrades''' are a [[phylum]] o watter-dwallin aicht-legged segmentit [[micro-ainimal]]s.<ref name="American Scientist">{{cite web |url=https://www.americanscientist.org/article/tardigrades |title=Tardigrades |publisher=American Scientist |accessdate=2018-04-13 |first=William |last=Miller |date=2017-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414091816/https://www.americanscientist.org/article/tardigrades |archive-date=2018-04-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/meet-tardigrade-the-water-bear/article7630324.ece] The Hindu SEPTEMBER 09, 2015</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q5194}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Tardigrades| ]] [[Category:Cosmopolitan ainimals]] [[Category:Extant Cambrian first appearances]] [[Category:Polyextremophiles]] [[Category:Psychrophiles]] [[Category:Radiodurants]] [[Category:Space-flawn life]] [[Category:Thermophiles]] [[Category:Xerophiles]] [[Category:Ainimal phyla]] 2br1j2rujltiy1jvk2mfom176yub3zd 0 216212 923785 923538 2026-09-30T02:14:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place| |country = Scotland |official_name= Stoneykirk |scots_name= Staneykirk |population= 1,235 |population_ref= ''(2001)'' |os_grid_reference= NX0853 |map_type=Scotland |coordinates = {{coord|54.837|-4.977|display=inline,title}} |civil_parish= Staneykirk |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowaa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Wigtounshire|Wigtoun]] |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Galloway and Upper Nithsdale (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and Upper Nithsdale]] |post_town= Stranraer |postcode_district = DG9 |postcode_area= DG |dial_code= 01776 }} '''Staneykirk''' ([[English leid|English]]: '''Stoneykirk''') is an aurie an a veelage in the hert o the [[Rhins o Gallowa]] in the historical coonty o [[Wigtounshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. It is awmaist 10 mile in lenth an 3.5 mile in breid, boondit on the east bi [[Luce Bay|Luice Bay]] an on the wast bi the [[Sheuch (Erse Sea)|Sheuch (North Chainel)]], it is 5 mile sooth o [[Stranrawer]]. The aurie is aboot 21,500 acre, o whit 19,000 acre is arable. 375 acre is wuidland an plantations, an the lave (o whit 1,100 acre micht be reclaimt) is muirland.<ref>A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland. Samuel Lewis</ref> Staneykirk haes a community cooncil.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dgcommunity.net/communitycouncil/default.aspx?id=74 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2012-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826044639/http://www.dgcommunity.net/communitycouncil/default.aspx?id=74 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Knockinaam Lodge, Port Spittal, Staneykirk, acause it is oot awa, wis the laction for a saicret meetin atween [[Winston Churchill]] an [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] durin [[Warld War II]] tae discuss the [[D-Day]] plans. The [[A716 road]] rins throu pairt o the veelage, and a local coach firm, McCulloch's Coaches, is sted in the veelage. James King 407 Service provides a bus link north tae [[Stranrawer]] an sooth tae [[Saundheid]] an [[Drummore]].<ref>[http://www.kingscoachhire.com/bus-services.htm Bus Services<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422234952/http://www.kingscoachhire.com/bus-services.htm |date=22 April 2008 }}</ref> Saundheid leuks oot ower Luice Bay that wis uised for laundin lime an coal. ==The Veelage== Stoneykirk veelage, locatit near [[RAF West Freugh]] developit aroond the kirk (noo disuised) an wis name't efter the kirk. The Veelage Haw is the heidquarters o the [[South Rhins Community Development Trust]]. The veelage schuil is situatit abuin the veelage. Staneykirk haes twa hottles - the 3-stern Torrs Warren Country House Hotel, and the oreeginal manse built in 1790 wi a restaurant an baur. ==Staneykirk kirk== [[File:Stoneykirkchurch.jpg|thumb|Staneykirk kirk]] The first kirk, Saunt Steen's Kirk, (o Steeniekirk, Stephenskirk, Toskarton, Achawan, or Clayshant, amang ither variations) wis dedicatit tae Saunt Stephen/Steen in is thocht tae hae been built atween the 12t and 14t centuries, likely unner the patronage o the McCulloch faimily o [[Ardwell]], Toskarton Pairish, o [[Clan McCulloch]].<ref>Caledonia. vol.III, by George Chalmers. p.439 https://archive.org/stream/caledoniaoraccou03chal#page/438/mode/2up</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-208000-552000/page/1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925061003/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-208000-552000/page/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Toskarton and Clayshant auncient pairishes wis unitit tae Staneykirk in 1618. In 1827 the auld [[Middle Ages|medieval]] pairish kirk wis rebiggit. Staneykirk [[Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Kirk]] biggin wis biggit in 1844 an it passt successive til the [[Unitit Free Kirk o Scotland]] and the [[Kirk o Scotland]], an it unitit wi Ardwell-Saundheid as Staneykirk in 1974. ==Kirkmadrine kirk== Kirkmadrine wis dedicatit tae St Medran, an early [[Bishop o Ossory]] o [[Ireland]]. The war three chaipels o ease in the pairish: St Brioch's at [[Kirkmabreck]], St Donan's at [[Kildonan]], an St Lashrean's at [[Killaser]].<ref>Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae. New Edition. Vol.II. pp.352-355 https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiu02scotuoft#page/n363/mode/2up</ref> The biggin is no langer uised as a kirk. The Monogram Stanes o Kirkmadrine date fae aboot 450, that makes thaim the earliest inscrieved Christian heid-stanes in Scotland ootby o [[Whithorn]]. The auldest is a staunder stane datin fae the 5t century. Aw the stanes wis fund in the immediate aurie, suggestin that it was an early Christian seemetry,<ref>http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=10373</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.heritageandhistory.com/contents1a/2010/09/kirkmadrine-stones/?doing_wp_cron=1350865257.0776569843292236328125 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115075332/https://www.heritageandhistory.com/contents1a/2010/09/kirkmadrine-stones/?doing_wp_cron=1350865257.0776569843292236328125 |url-status=dead }}</ref> like [[Clachanmore]].<ref>Timothy Pont's map in Blaeu's Atlas. http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/view/?id=95#id=95&zoom=5&lat=1930&lon=3949&layers=BT {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129125235/https://maps.nls.uk/view/00000411#id=95&zoom=5&lat=1930&lon=3949&layers=BT |date=2021-11-29 }} {{Cite web |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/00000411 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129125235/https://maps.nls.uk/view/00000411 |archive-date=2021-11-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==History== A cornerstane o McDowell's [[Garthland Castle]] (tour hoose) buir the date 1211, an on anither ane taewart the east, 1274.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Canmore |num=60553 |desc= |access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> In 1295 Sir Dougal MacDougall (McDowell) haed a Chairter fae his third cuisin,[[John Balliol|Keeng John Balliol]], Laird o Gallowa, confirmin the Barony o Garochloyne wi Lougan an Elrig in the Rhins o Gallowa. Janet McDowell (McDowall), dochter o Uchtred McDowell o Garthland, mairit Ninian Adair, son o William Adair o [[Dunskey Castle]] an o Kilhilt that wis kilt at the [[Battle o Flodden]]. Utrecht McDowell, that wis kilt at Flodden an aw, appeart tae awn the aurie o [[Stranrawer]], an Ninian an Janet McDowell built the Castle o St John. Stranrawer, likely on her faither's laund. On 27 Februar 1547, in the beuk "''Inquisitiones Speciales''", unnerr "Wigton", Uthredus M'Douell wis heir tae his faither Joannis M'Douell de Garthland that wis kilt at the [[Battle o Pinkie Cleugh]] (qui obit apud Pinkiecleuch), o 24 merkland o Garthland, Pairish Staneykirk, an 14 merkland o Lochans (adjynin Garthland) in Pairish o Inche. On Ainslie's 1782 map, William McDowall Esp wis shawn at [[Garthland Castle]]. Killhilt, the auncient hame o the Adair faimily, is shawn an aw on the 1782 map juist north o, and adjynin, McDowell's Garthland Castle.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In Wigtounshire, the name McCulloch o [[Clan McCulloch]] appears on gey early missives. i.e. The Register o The Great Seal o Scotland, Vol I, appendix II, p.&nbsp;531, nos. 321, 322, Kirkmadrine Tuskercon/Tuskerton/Toskertoun/Toskertoune. About 1317 King [[Robert the Bruce|Robert I]] o Scotland knichtit Caiptan Cullo og Neil (O'Neil) an chose him tae be his staundart-beirer an Secretar o State. King Robert grantit an aw tae Sir Cullo og Neil launds an Achawan or Auchwane in Wigtounshire (kent an an aw as Kirkmaderen, ref. RMS vol VIII, p.&nbsp;87, #255, Toskartoun/Toscartoun/Staneykirk/Stoneykirk)<ref>Kirkmadren, ref. RMS vol VIII, p.87, #255, Toskartoun, Toscartoun, and Staneykirk, Stoneykirk https://archive.org/stream/registrummagnisi08scot#page/1010/mode/1up</ref> that encompasst the estates an castles o [[Ardwell]] an [[Killasser]] near [[Clachanmore]] (Law Ardwell). The 42 merkland o Toskerton haed been forfeitit bi Sir John le Mareschal de Toskerton tae King Robert I. In 1331 Sir Cullo og Neil dee'd an left his estate tae his auldest son Sir Godfrey that assume't th tha faimily name McCullog (McCullough/McCullo'c).<ref>An Index drawn up about the year 1629 of many Records of Charters granted by the different Sovereigns of Scotland between the years 1309 and 1413. https://archive.org/stream/indexdrawnupabou00grea</ref> On 7 Julie 1618 William McCulloch o Mertoun (Myretoun McCulloch Torhous in [[Mochrum]] pairish, wi the consent o his auldest son Alexander, ratifee'd a chairter o Killasser in the Barony o Achowane tae William Houston an his guidwife Katherine Vaus. The subscript mentiont a new deed-o-baronia Killasser an the castle.<ref>Great Seal of Scotland. pp.744-745 no.2054 https://archive.org/stream/registrummagnisi07scot#page/744/mode/2up</ref> Anither deed o 29 Juin 1621 wis fae William Houston tae William Adair, whaurby James Glover, Notary Public, recordit deleevery o "seizin" (sasine) o 4 merk o laund in Carnewell (Cairnweil), neist a Kirkmadrin Kirk, in the Pairish o Toscartoun.<ref>Cairnweil view from Kirkmadrin Church. https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3100163</ref> Killasser Castle is shawn on Ainslie's 1782 map as in ruins. It wis the auncient seat of the Macculloch o Ardwell.<ref>Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland. Volume Five. pp.308-309. https://archive.org/stream/castellateddomes05macguoft#page/308/mode/2up</ref> The Pairish Leet o Wigtounshire 1684, pp-57-61, leets the places in Staneykirk Ceevil Pairish.<ref>https://archive.org/stream/parishlistsofwig72scot#page/56/mode/2up</ref> Adjynin Killasser Castle wis William Maxwell o [[Ardwell]]<ref>The London Gazette 11–14 May 1782, notice about William Maxwell of Ardwell, Shire of Wigton</ref> at Ardwell Hoose, Staneykirk Pairish, Wigtounshire.<ref>http://maps.nls.uk/counties/view/?id=685#id=685&zoom=5&lat=4213&lon=4222.5&layers=BT{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The war a Laird Maxwell that wis impreesont bi [[James VI, Keeng o Scot|Keeng James VI]] an released as lang as he quit Scotland. In 1588 Laird Maxell wis in Spaingie what the Armada wis bein redd, an he advised [[Philip II o Spain|Keeng Philip II o Spaingie]] that the Gallowa ports shoud be uised. The First-Cless man-o-war "Philip & Mary" saundit itsel on shingl no far fae Port William, Pairish o Mochrum, near Sir Willam Maxwell's Myretoun Castle on the Menreith Estate. <ref>The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Sir Andrew Agnew. pub.1893. p.214</ref> ==Archaeology== In ''Archaelogical and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire and Galloway'' vol V, p 63, Rev. George Wilson leets forts in Staneykirk: * ane north o Drumbreddan Bay, no on the OS map; * Doon Castle at Ardwell Pynt; * Kirlauchine, 5 mile north o Ardwell Pynt * Kildonan, a double fort * Knockdoon - the name shaws a fort northo Awhirk The're cairns an aw at Doon Hill o Kildrochet<ref>Archaeological and Historical Collections relating to Ayrshire and Galloway. vol.V. pp.62-73 https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092901606#page/n115/mode/2up</ref> * Doon Castle, near High [[Ardwell]] is the remeens o the best exemple o an [[Airn Age]] broch in Dumfries an Gallowa.<ref>[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=8346 Doon Castle (Broch)] at the Megalithic Portal.</ref><ref>[http://www.cast.org.uk/A-C.htm Dumfries & Galloway: Summary of places of interest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508122319/http://www.cast.org.uk/A-C.htm |date=8 May 2010 }}, CAST.</ref> * Kirlauchine Promontory For is at Camp Bay sooth<ref>{{Canmore |num=60642 |desc= |access-date=28 November 2012}}</ref> * East Galdenoch fort (a schedule't auncient moniment) atween East Galdenoch an Freugh Airfield. It's a circular fort with a diameter o about 361&nbsp;ft o a later prehistoric date<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/searchmonuments/scheduledmonumentsresults.htm?p_out=xml&p_sstr=&p_couname=0&p_cattext=0&submit=Search&start=2191 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001018/http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/searchmonuments/scheduledmonumentsresults.htm?p_out=xml&p_sstr=&p_couname=0&p_cattext=0&submit=Search&start=2191 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * East Galdenoch sattlement (a schedule't auncient moniment), about 120 yaird sootheast o East Galdenoch. It's a prehistoric peel sattlement that is about 394 fit lang bi 197 fit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=61247 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053618/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=61247 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Anither East Galdenoch sattlement (a schedule't auncient moniment), about 492 yaird nor'east o East Galdenoch. It's 853 fit bi 820 fit. * The're Promontory Forts on baith sides o Float Bay.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=60445 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050538/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=60445 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Dunaldboys Mote, sooth Knockinaam, is an [[Airn Age]] promontory on the heid o sea clifts. The're a staundin stane an aw by the side o the Portpaitrick-Cairngarroch road. * Balgreggan Motte, Saundheid, staunds abuin the A716. The motte wis the first in a line o early castles alang the eastren shores o the Rhins.<ref>{{Canmore |num=60606 |desc= |access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mccubbinfamily.info/?page_id=1037 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129134343/http://mccubbinfamily.info/?page_id=1037 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 1782 map shaws Balgreggan Hoose o Hon. Sir Frederick Maitland * Ferm o Port Spittal, 2 mile sooth o Portpaitrick. It wis the "buirial grund o fower keengs". A [[Bronze Age]] cist an urn wis fund in a graff kivert wi a whinstane leck.<ref>Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Vol.X. Third Series. p.493 https://archive.org/stream/proceedingssoci02scotgoog#page/n523/mode/1up</ref> The banes can be seen in the Stranrawer Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.futuremuseum.co.uk/collections/people/lives-in-key-periods/archaeology/the-bronze-age/ritual/bronze-age-burial,-port-o-spittal.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020245/http://www.futuremuseum.co.uk/collections/people/lives-in-key-periods/archaeology/the-bronze-age/ritual/bronze-age-burial,-port-o-spittal.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Canmore |num=60612 |desc= |access-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> In 1588 some boats belangin til the Great Spaingie Armada wis wrackit aff the westren coast, no faur fae a bay that wis named in commemoration o that circumstance Float Bay.<ref>The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Sir Andrew Agnew. pub.1893. p.214 p.420 https://archive.org/stream/hereditarysherif01agne#page/420/mode/1up</ref> At Money Pynt (Money Heid)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk/index.php?action=do_advanced&idnumlink=60486 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403015700/http://canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk/index.php?action=do_advanced&idnumlink=60486 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a considerable nummer o Spaingie dubloons wis subsequent diskivert.<ref>The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway. Sir Andrew Agnew. pub.1893. "The Armada" pp.418-434</ref><ref>{{Canmore |num=60486 |desc= |access-date=11 October 2012}}</ref><ref>https://archive.org/stream/calendarofstatep04greauoft/calendarofstatep04greauoft_djvu.txt</ref> Project Adair at <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/news/project-adair-enters-second-year |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-03-25 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085024/http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/news/project-adair-enters-second-year |url-status=dead }}</ref> Houiver, in the beuk "''The Scotch Irish''" bi Charles A Hanna, p.&nbsp;233, it states that at the pairish at Staneykir is the ferms an bay o Float, local statit tae hae been cried sic fae the wrack o ane o the ships o the Spaingie Armada: and the heidland close to, corruptit fae the [[Scots Gaelic|Gaelic]] wird "monadh", the hill-heid, tae "Moneyheid", fae the money supposed tae hae been lost fae the wrack. The name Float is fae the [[Auld Norse]] ''flott'' that means a plain.<ref>http://etree15.archive.org/stream/thescotchirish01hannrich/thescotchirish01hannrich_djvu.txt</ref> ==Leetit biggins in Staneykirk== * Kildrochet House Including Gates And Gatepiers * Windmill Plantation, Old Windmill * Clachanmore Gallery, Former School And Schoolhouse, Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers, Gates And Ancillary Structures * Ardwell, Ardwell House, Walled Garden Including Gardener's Cottage And Owl Statue * Ardwell, Bowling Hall, Ivy And Shore Cottages Including Boundary Walls And Gates * Stoneykirk Parish Church Graveyard Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gates * Kirkmabreck Farmhouse Including Farmhouse, Cottage, Steading, Boundary Walls And Gate * Drumbreddan Including Walled Garden, Steading, Farm Cottage, Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Balgreggan, Walled Garden To Former Balgreggan House * Balgreggan, Kennels And Barn To Former Balgreggan House, Including Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Ringuinea Moss * Garthland Mains Including Farmhouse, Steading, Farm Cottage, Bridge, Tower, Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Mains Of Caldons Farmhouse * Ardwell, Ardwell Mains * Ardwell, Ardwell House, East Lodge Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gate * Ardwell, Ardwell House Including Lamp Standards, Gatepiers, Gate, Sundial And Owl Statue * Ardwell, Ardwell Church (Church Of Scotland) Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gates * Cairnhandy Farmhouse, Steading And Cottage, Including Boundary Walls * Ardwell, Ardwell House, Boundary Walls, Gates And Gatepiers * Lake Cottage Including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Outhouse * Gruesey, Former United Free Manse, Including Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Ardwell, Ardwell Mill * East Cairnwell Including Farmhouse, Steading, Boundary Walls, Gates And Gatepiers * Stoneykirk Parish Church (Church Of Scotland) And Railings * Kirkmadrine Church Including Graveyard, Mctaggart Memorial, Boundary Walls, Gatepiers And Gates * [[Sanheid]] Primary Scuil ==Gailerie== ===Westren shore o the Rhins and the Mid-Rhins=== <gallery> File:Kirkmadrine Church - geograph.org.uk - 263127.jpg|Kirkmadrine Kirk. File:Port of Spittal and Knockinaam Lodge - geograph.org.uk - 596722.jpg|Knockinaam Lodge, Port O Spittal (N.W. Staneykirk Pairish). Meetin place of General Eisenhower & Winston Churchill. File:Float Bay near Stoneykirk, Stranraer, Wigtownshire - geograph.org.uk - 137739.jpg|Float Bay wi auncient forts on baith sides. File:Drumbreddan Bay - geograph.org.uk - 647514.jpg|view fae hill fort, Drumbreddan Bay. File:Ardwell Bay (or High Ardwell Bay as the locals call it). - geograph.org.uk - 75859.jpg|Ardwell Bay. File:Doon Castle Broch, High Ardwell Bay - geograph.org.uk - 137736.jpg|Doon Castle Broch, High Ardwell Bay. File:Portayew bay - geograph.org.uk - 406905.jpg|Portayew bay, Kirklauchline Promontory fort til the left at Camp Bay Soouth. </gallery> ===Eastren shore o the Rhins=== <gallery> File:Stoneykirkchurch.jpg|Staneykirk Kirk and kirkyaird (N.E.Staneykirk Pairish). File:Motte Stranraer.jpg|Motte and Bailey castle, [[Ardwell]], by Isles f Killaser, north Chapel Rosan Bay. File:Chapel Rossan Bay looking across to Ardwell village and caravan site. - geograph.org.uk - 64382.jpg|Chapel Rossan Bay leukin oot ower tae Ardwell veelage. File:Sandhead Village, about 8 miles South of Stranraer - geograph.org.uk - 82688.jpg|[[Sanheid]] Veelage, Balgreggan Mote Slap on right. File:Stoneykirk Motte Slap & War Memorial.jpg|Balgreggan, Saundheid, Staneykirk, Motte Slap & War Memorial. </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} {{commons category|Stoneykirk}} [[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] {{Stub/Places o Scotland}} awhul8m8ssbarorz0vuqd0rbgygd0ih 0 220888 923777 908866 2026-09-30T00:33:31Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Saudi Arabie]] and [[Turkey]] enjoy a friendly an strang economic relationship,<ref>[http://iina.me/english/news.php?go=fullnews&newsid=27 Saudi Arabia/Turkey: Turkish Trade Minister commends Saudi-Turkish relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722212641/http://iina.me/english/news.php?go=fullnews&newsid=27 |date=2011-07-22 }} International Islamic News Agency, 8 February 2010</ref> but hae a tense an unstable diplomatic an political relationship. Saudi Arabie haes an embassy in [[Ankara]] an a consulate–general in [[Istanbul]], an Turkey haes an embassy in [[Riyadh]] an a consulate–general in [[Jeddah]]. Baith kintras are members o the [[Warld Tred Organisation]] an the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]. Accordin tae a 2013 [[Pew Research Center|Pew]] global opinion poll, 26% o [[Turkis fowk|Turks]] express a favourable view o Saudi Arabie while 53% express an unfavourable view.<ref>[http://www.pewglobal.org/2013/10/17/saudi-arabias-image-falters-among-middle-east-neighbors/ Saudi Arabia’s Image Falters among Middle East Neighbors] ''Pew Research Global Attitudes Project''</ref> ==History== The [[Hashimite]] rulers o the [[Hejaz]] pledged allegiance tae the Ottoman Sultan in 1517 following the Ottoman conquest o [[Egyp]], placing the haly ceeties o [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]] unner Ottoman Protection until the [[Arab revolt]] in 1916 when [[Sharif Hussayn]] of Mecca expelled them with the aid of Britain. Awso, the Ottomans haed conflicts wi [[Hoose o Saud]], the first Saudi state which resultit tae the [[Wahhabi War|Ottoman–Wahhabi war]]. ==Modern history== Relations atween Turkey an Saudi Arabie bygane in 1932, efter the creaution o the new Kinrick o Saudi Arabie. In October 2014, Saudi Arabie successfully campaigned against a Turkis bid for non-permanent membership o the [[Unitit Nations Security Cooncil]], due tae Saudi opposeetion tae the Turkis stance on the [[Muslim Britherheid]].<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=16 October 2014|url=https://www.newsweek.com/venezuela-malaysia-angola-new-zealand-win-un-council-seats-277962|title=TURKEY LOSES U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL SEAT IN HUGE UPSET}}</ref> Due to the [[2017 Qatar diplomatic creesis]], the relationship atween Turkey an Saudi Arabie faces problems, wi Turkey supportin [[Qatar]] against Saudi Arabie in the ongangin diplomatic dispute. World Pensions Council's M. Nicolas J. Firzli haes argued that the Turkis government haes sought tae uise the cresis tae its awn advantage, bi advancin an [[expansionism|expansionist]] [[Neo-Ottomanism|Neo-Ottoman]] agenda at the expense o the [[Gulf Cooperation Cooncil]]:<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.academia.edu/33925293/The_Qatar_Crisis_and_the_Eastern_Flank_of_the_Arab_World |title= The Qatar Crisis and the Eastern Flank of the Arab World|first=M. Nicolas|last=Firzli|date=17 June 2017|publisher=|accessdate=18 July 2017|via= Al Sharq Al Awsat www.academia.edu }}</ref> {{quote|Turkey and a resurgent Iran for thair pairt are cynically uisin the festerin creesis tae advance a distinct agenda: rebiggin militar an economic beachheids alang the ‘eastren flank’ o the [[Arabian Peninsula]] frae Oman tae Soothren Iraq, a pairt o the warld frae which thay wur forced out bi the [[Ryal Navy]] in 1917, precisely ane hundred years ago. The local chess buird is gettin croudit qu too mony avid players, at a time when mont Breetish an American policy makers seem tae have lost interest in that pairt o the warld: this doesn’t bode well for the lang-term stabeelirt o the [[MENA]].}} Saudi Arabie, in response, haes threatened tae impose sanctions against Turkey, an haes conductit discussions wi the [[UAE]] on the topic o curbing “Turkis expansionist policy”. In turn, Turkis Preses [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] accused Saudi Arabie o being non-Islamic an [[heretics]]. Furthermore, Turkey haes deployed truips tae defend the govrenment o Qatar frae an attemptit coup bi Saudi Arabie an the UAE.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.yenisafak.com/en/world/saudiuae-coup-attempt-in-qatar-foiled-by-turkey-2911348|title=Saudi, UAE coup attempt in Qatar foiled by Turkey|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|date=3 August 2019|website=Yeni Şafak}}</ref> On 1 Mairch 2018, Saudi Arabie's [[Middle East Broadcastin Center|MBC]] channels stopped broadcastin [[Turkis soap opera]]s [[Dubbin (filmmakin)|dubbed]] in Arabic tae achieve the heichest Arab interest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/03/mbc-removes-turkish-tv-drama-broadcast-180305105648251.html|title=MBC stops all Turkish TV drama|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> In Mairch 2018, Saudi Croun Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]] referred tae Turkey as pairt of a "triangle o evil" alangside [[Iran]] an Muslim Britherheid.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran dismisses Saudi talk of 'triangle of evil' as 'childish' |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/03/iran-mbs-egypt-visit-triangle-evil-salman-reaction-turkey.html |work=Al-Monitor |date=8 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="turkeyqatar">{{cite news |title=Saudi prince says Turkey part of 'triangle of evil': Egyptian media |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-turkey/saudi-prince-says-turkey-part-of-triangle-of-evil-egyptian-media-idUSKCN1GJ1WW |agency=Reuters |date=7 March 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, Turkey backed Saudi Arabie in its [[Canadae–Saudi Arabie relations#August 2018 diplomatic dispute|dispute]] wi Canadae, rejectin the Canadian actions as a "form o interference in ither kintras’ internal affairs".<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Anadolu Agency]]|title=Turkish, Saudi foreign ministers discuss ties|date=10 August 2018|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkish-saudi-foreign-ministers-discuss-ties/1227953|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2019-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424140023/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkish-saudi-foreign-ministers-discuss-ties/1227953|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 2 October 2018, Saudi journalist an ''[[The Washington Post]]'' writer [[Jamal Khashoggi]] wis [[Killin o Jamal Khashoggi|killt]] in the Saudi Arabian consulate in Istanbul. It haes been widely alleged that he wiss killt bi the Saudi govrenment, includin bi Erdogan, awtho he haes refrained frae criticisin Saudi Arabie directly an haes instead suggestit the blame lies wi Croun Prince Mohammad bin Salman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/recep-tayyip-erdogan-jamal-khashoggi-turkey-saudi-arabia-high-stakes-saudi-arabia-strategy/|title=Erdoğan’s risky Saudi strategy|first=Zia|last=Weise|date=26 October 2018|website=POLITICO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/23/erdogan-keeps-naked-truth-about-khashoggi-under-wraps-for-now|title=Erdoğan's Khashoggi speech poses tough questions for Bin Salman|first=Patrick Wintour Diplomatic|last=editor|date=23 October 2018|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> Efter the incident, Prince Mohammad rejectit the concept of a rift wi Turkey, stating, "Mony are tryin tae … drive a wedge between Saudi Arabia and Turkey. … Thay will nae be able tae do it as lang as thair is a Keeng Salman, a Mohammad bin Salman an a Preses Erdogan."<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Al-Monitor]]|title=MBS chats with Erdogan as Khashoggi leaks flow|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/10/erdogan-phone-call-mbs.html|date=24 October 2018}}</ref> Awmaist a month efter [[Killin o Jamal Khashoggi|Khashoggi’s daith]], Erdogan directly accused the Saudi govrenment o murdering the journalist. Erdogan said, "We know that the order tae kill Khashoggi came frae the heichest levels o the Saudi govrenment." He an aw said that "the puppet masters behind Khashoggi's killin" waud be exposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46077894|title=Khashoggi murder: Turkish leader blames Saudi state directly|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=3 November 2018}}</ref> [[Yasin Aktay]], a top Turkis offeecial and adviser tae Erdogan believes Khashoggi’s body wis dissolved in acid efter bein dismembered. He said, "The reason thay dismembered Khashoggi's body wis tae dissolve his remains muir easily. Now we see that thay did nae anelie dismember his body but awso vaporised it.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46070087|title=Khashoggi murder: Body 'dissolved in acid'|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2 November 2018}}</ref> The movie [[Kinricks o Fire]], aired by MBC in 2019, wis pairtially financed bi Saudi Arabie, further exacerbatit bi the portrayal o the Ottoman Turks as violent, ruthless an unceevilised fowk. This haed drawn criticism in Turkey.<ref>https://www.yenisafak.com/en/columns/yasinaktay/who-will-kingdoms-of-fire-fool-will-it-be-able-to-outshine-turkish-tv-series-2047248</ref><ref>https://thearabweekly.com/tv-drama-challenges-historical-narrative-ottoman-conquest-arab-world</ref> The [[2020 Baghdad Internaitional Airport airstrike]], where Iranian general [[Qasem Soleimani]] wis assassinatit bi the Unitit States, haed revealed the complicatit nature o the relationship atween Saudi Arabie an Turkey, wi baith kintras appruived, in secret, the airstrike with hope tae remuive a grave threat frae Iran tae baith countries' ambeetions in the Middle East.<ref>https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/01/turkey-iran-united-states-killing-soleimani-is-ankara-winner.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/saudi-arabia-and-the-soleimani-assassination-33076 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-06-25 |archive-date=2020-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116231555/https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/saudi-arabia-and-the-soleimani-assassination-33076 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-usa/soleimanis-death-offers-erdogan-precious-opportunity-trump |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-06-25 |archive-date=2020-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115191152/https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-usa/soleimanis-death-offers-erdogan-precious-opportunity-trump |url-status=dead }}</ref> In February 2020, Saudi Foreign Meenister [[Adel al-Jubeir]] accused Turkey o financin an sponsorin the "extremist militias" in Somalie, Libie an Sirie,<ref>https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200214-saudi-arabia-accuses-turkey-of-supporting-extremist-militias-in-three-arab-countries/</ref> Saudi Arabie awso muived tae block aw Turkis wabsteids in Saudi Arabie. In response, Ankara annoonced it waud block aw Saudi an Emirati wabsteuds in the kintra.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/turkey-blocks-saudi-emirati-state-news-websites-200419112800587.html</ref> == Embassies == The Embassy o Saudi Arabie is locatit in [[Ankara|Ankara, Turkey]]. The Embassy o Turkey is locatit in [[Riyadh|Riyadh, Saudi Arabie]]. == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://riyad.be.mfa.gov.tr/ Embassy of Turkey in Riyadh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914045400/http://riyad.be.mfa.gov.tr/ |date=2017-09-14 }} * [http://cidde.bk.mfa.gov.tr/ Consulate–General of Turkey in Jeddah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906070149/http://cidde.bk.mfa.gov.tr/ |date=2017-09-06 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200118105536/https://www.mofa.gov.sa/Detail.asp?InSectionID=3230&InTemplateKey=Homepage Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Ankara] [[Category:Saudi Arabie–Turkey relations]] 0cpj5ur3ms6k72inl0tv2eg2aptao25 2 228642 923786 923282 2026-09-30T02:23:17Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 923786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?article ?P31 ?P31Label where { hint:Query hint:optimizer "None". SERVICE wikibase:mwapi { bd:serviceParam wikibase:endpoint "sco.wikipedia.org"; wikibase:api "Generator"; mwapi:generator "categorymembers"; mwapi:gcmtitle "Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid" ; # specifically here mwapi:gcmprop "ids|title|type"; mwapi:gcmlimit "max". # out ?article wikibase:apiOutput mwapi:title. # en-wikipedia article / category name ?item wikibase:apiOutputItem mwapi:item. # wikidata QId for the article } filter(bound(?item)) optional {?item wdt:P31 ?P31 . } SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". } } |columns=?item,?itemLabel,?article,?P31,?P31Label |section=131 |min_section=3 |sort=label |links=text |thumb=128 |autolist=fallback |summary=itemnumber |wdedit=yes }} == Aiberdeenshire == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1382485' | [[Auld Deer]] | Old Deer | Auld Deer | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1017537' | [[Innerurie]] | Inverurie | Innerurie | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q7296039' | [[Rattra, Aiberdeenshire|Rattra]] | Rattray | Rattra, Aiberdeenshire | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q7337163' | [[River Bogie]] | River Bogie | River Bogie | [[river]]<br/>burn | river<br/>stream |- class='wd_q7337341' | [[River Deveron|River Deeveron]] | River Deveron | River Deveron | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q387736' | [[River Don|River Don, Aiberdeenshire]] | River Don | River Don | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q2473946' | [[River Ugie]] | River Ugie | River Ugie | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q432066' | [[River Ury]] | River Urie | River Ury | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q2601506' | [[River Ythan]] | River Ythan | River Ythan | [[river]] | river |} == Azerbaijan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q269680' | [[Astara Rayon]] | Astara District | Astara Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q457513' | [[Kalbajar Rayon]] | Kalbajar District | Kalbajar Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q688626' | [[Lerik Rayon]] | Lerik District | Lerik Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q593872' | [[Qabala Rayon]] | Qabala District | Qabala Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |} == Bangkok == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q534226' | [[Bang Bon Destrict]] | Bang Bon | Bang Bon Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806445' | [[Bang Kapi Destrict]] | Bang Kapi | Bang Kapi Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806443' | [[Bang Khen Destrict]] | Bang Khen | Bang Khen Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806446' | [[Bang Kho Laem Destrict]] | Bang Kho Laem | Bang Kho Laem Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806448' | [[Bang Na Destrict]] | Bang Na | Bang Na Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1001823' | [[Bueng Kum Destrict]] | Bueng Kum | Bueng Kum Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019598' | [[Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok|Chom Thong Destrict]] | Chom Thong | Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1975222' | [[Huai Khwang Destrict]] | Huai Khwang | Huai Khwang Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019432' | [[Khan Na Yao Destrict]] | Khan Na Yao | Khan Na Yao Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1740651' | [[Khlong Sam Wa Destrict]] | Khlong Sam Wa | Khlong Sam Wa Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1403340' | [[Khlong Toei Destrict]] | Khlong Toei | Khlong Toei Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1008352' | [[Lak Si Destrict]] | Lak Si | Lak Si Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q999094' | [[Lat Phrao Destrict]] | Lat Phrao | Lat Phrao Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1936178' | [[Min Buri Destrict]] | Min Buri | Min Buri Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1839285' | [[Nong Chok Destrict]] | Nong Chok | Nong Chok Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q473316' | [[Phra Khanong Destrict]] | Phra Khanong | Phra Khanong Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019626' | [[Prawet Destrict]] | Prawet | Prawet Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019633' | [[Rat Burana Destrict]] | Rat Burana | Rat Burana Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1025969' | [[Sai Mai Destrict]] | Sai Mai | Sai Mai Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019420' | [[Saphan Sung Destrict]] | Saphan Sung | Saphan Sung Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019611' | [[Suan Luang Destrict]] | Suan Luang | Suan Luang Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1972732' | [[Thung Khru Destrict]] | Thung Khru | Thung Khru Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019651' | [[Yan Nawa Destrict]] | Yan Nawa | Yan Nawa Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |} == Californie == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q104994' | [[Los Angeles Coonty]] | Los Angeles County | Los Angeles Coonty | charter county of California | charter county of California |- class='wd_q5925' | [[Orange Coonty, Californie|Orange Coonty]] | Orange County | Orange Coonty, Californie | charter county of California | charter county of California |- class='wd_q62' | [[San Francisco]] | San Francisco | San Francisco | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>sanctuary city<br/>charter ceety an coonty (Californie) | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>sanctuary city<br/>charter city and county |} == Ceety o Edinburgh == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q4979466' | [[Brunstane]] | Brunstane | Brunstane | suburb | suburb |- class='wd_q5211552' | [[Dalmeny]] | Dalmeny | Dalmeny | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1633842' | [[Naitional Museum o Scotland]] | National Museum of Scotland | Naitional Museum o Scotland | museum | museum |- class='wd_q1547466' | [[St Giles' Cathedral]] | St Giles' Cathedral | St Giles' Cathedral | [[cathedral]] | cathedral |- class='wd_q8038444' | [[Writers' Museum]] | Writers' Museum | Writers' Museum | museum<br/>local authority museum | museum<br/>local authority museum |} == Central District == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q331078' | [[Amol]] | Amol | Amol | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q158928' | [[Bushehr]] | Bushehr | Bushehr | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q180078' | [[Kermanshah]] | Kermanshah | Kermanshah | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q170573' | [[Qom]] | Qom | Qom | city of Iran | city of Iran |} == Dumfries an Gallowa == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q606739' | [[Clan Agnew]] | Clan Agnew | Clan Agnew | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>[[Scots clan]] | family<br/>Scottish clan |- class='wd_q652035' | [[Dumfries]] | Dumfries | Dumfries | [[toun]]<br/>large burgh | town<br/>large burgh |- class='wd_q16893264' | [[Kenmure Castle]] | Kenmure Castle | Kenmure Castle | [[castle]] | castle |- class='wd_q1853868' | [[Mull o Gallowa]] | Mull of Galloway | Mull o Gallowa | headland | headland |- class='wd_q24639097' | [[Polharrow Burn]] | Polharrow Burn | Polharrow Burn | burn | stream |- class='wd_q7333403' | [[Rigg railwey station]] | Rigg railway station | Rigg railwey station | railway station | railway station |- class='wd_q7587694' | [[St Cuthbert Wanderers F.C.]] | St. Cuthbert Wanderers F.C. | St Cuthbert Wanderers F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q67184386' | [[St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire]] | St Martin and St Ninian Catholic Church | St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire | [[kirk]] | church building |- class='wd_q2445404' | [[Whithorn Priory]] | Whithorn Priory | Whithorn Priory | priory | priory |} == Fife == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1016877' | [[Buckhyne|Buckhynde]] | Buckhaven | Buckhyne | [[toun]] | town |- class='wd_q937842' | [[Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] | The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews | Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews | golf club | golf club |- class='wd_q1011984' | [[Stramiglae]] | Strathmiglo | Stramiglae | [[veelage]] | village |} == Glasgow City == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q13495014' | [[Crosshill|Croashull]] | Crosshill | Crosshill | destrict | district |- class='wd_q1966112' | [[Cruixtoun Castle]] | Crookston Castle | Cruixtoun Castle | tower house<br/>archaeological site<br/>ringwork castle | tower house<br/>archaeological site<br/>ringwork castle |- class='wd_q5600557' | [[Greater Glesga]] | Greater Glasgow | Greater Glesga | [[Urban area|urban aurie]] | urban area |- class='wd_q183161' | [[River Kelvin|Kelvin]] | River Kelvin | River Kelvin | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q3446028' | [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland]] | Royal Conservatoire of Scotland | Royal Conservatoire of Scotland | nan-profit organisation<br/>college or varsity schuil o muisic<br/>open-access publisher | nonprofit organization<br/>conservatory<br/>open-access publisher |- class='wd_q7592311' | [[St Aloysius' College, Glesga]] | St Aloysius' College | St Aloysius' College, Glesga | seicontary schuil<br/>nan-profit organisation<br/>Catholic school | secondary school<br/>nonprofit organization<br/>Catholic school |- class='wd_q233283' | [[West Highland Line]] | West Highland Line | West Highland Line | railway line | railway line |} == Hieland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q2423015' | [[Argye]] | Ardgay | Argye | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1016920' | [[Dornach]] | Dornoch | Dornach | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q2464541' | [[Dunbeath]] | Dunbeath | Dunbeath | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1232135' | [[Far North Line]] | Far North Line | Far North Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q1426707' | [[Fort George, Hieland|Fort George]] | Fort George | Fort George, Hieland | barracks<br/>fort<br/>military museum | barracks<br/>fort<br/>military museum |- class='wd_q260405' | [[Glenelg]] | Glenelg | Glenelg | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q403657' | [[Great Glen]] | Great Glen | Great Glen | valley | valley |- class='wd_q160493' | [[Innerness]] | Inverness | Innerness | [[ceety]]<br/>large burgh | city<br/>large burgh |- class='wd_q939913' | [[Kyle o Lochalsh]] | Kyle of Lochalsh | Kyle o Lochalsh | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q586470' | [[Kyle of Lochalsh line]] | Kyle of Lochalsh Line | Kyle of Lochalsh line | railway line<br/>ELR railway line section | railway line<br/>ELR railway line section |- class='wd_q1018747' | [[Lochinver]] | Lochinver | Lochinver | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q3440681' | [[River Beauly]] | River Beauly | River Beauly | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7337648' | [[River Nairn]] | River Nairn | River Nairn | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q679476' | [[Scraibster]] | Scrabster | Scraibster | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q944987' | [[Shieldaig]] | Shieldaig | Shieldaig | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q19720' | [[River Spey|Spey]] | River Spey | River Spey | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q987766' | [[The Groats]] | John o' Groats | The Groats | human settlement | human settlement |} == Japan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q127864' | [[Chūgoku region]] | Chūgoku region | Chūgoku region | region of Japan<br/>stateestical region | region of Japan<br/>statistical territorial entity |- class='wd_q48326' | [[Iwate Prefectur]] | Iwate Prefecture | Iwate Prefectur | [[Prefecturs o Japan|prefectur o Japan]] | prefecture of Japan |- class='wd_q160420' | [[Saga Prefectur]] | Saga Prefecture | Saga Prefectur | [[Prefecturs o Japan|prefectur o Japan]] | prefecture of Japan |} == Jeollabuk-do == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q50246' | [[Buan]] | Buan County | Buan | coonty o Sooth Korea | county of South Korea |- class='wd_q42074' | [[Gunsan]] | Gunsan | Gunsan | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of South Korea | big city<br/>city of South Korea |- class='wd_q50242' | [[Muju]] | Muju County | Muju | coonty o Sooth Korea | county of South Korea |} == Manhattan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q6523155' | [[Malcolm X Boulevard]] | Malcolm X Boulevard | Malcolm X Boulevard | street<br/>north-south avenue in Manhattan | street<br/>north-south avenue in Manhattan |- class='wd_q11690' | [[Wall Street]] | Wall Street | Wall Street | street | street |- class='wd_q11235' | [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] | World Trade Center | World Trade Center (1973–2001) | building complex<br/>destroyed building or structure | building complex<br/>destroyed building or structure |} == Maricopa County == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q51686' | [[Peoria, Arizona|Peoria]] | Peoria | Peoria, Arizona | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q16556' | [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] | Phoenix | Phoenix, Arizona | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city in Arizona | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city in Arizona |- class='wd_q51685' | [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]] | Tempe | Tempe, Arizona | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |} == Montgomery County == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q328941' | [[Clarksville, Tennessee|Clarksville]] | Clarksville | Clarksville, Tennessee | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q755844' | [[Potomac, Maryland|Potomac]] | Potomac | Potomac, Maryland | [[census-designated place]]<br/>unincorporatit commonty | census-designated place in the United States<br/>unincorporated community |- class='wd_q754646' | [[South Kensington, Maryland|South Kensington]] | South Kensington | South Kensington, Maryland | [[census-designated place]] | census-designated place in the United States |} == Moray == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1013606' | [[Burgheid]] | Burghead | Burgheid | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q5015800' | [[Cabrach]] | Cabrach | Cabrach | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1969309' | [[Cullen, Moray|Cullen]] | Cullen | Cullen, Moray | [[veelage]]<br/>small burgh | village<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q8313107' | [[River Aan]] | River Avon | River Aan | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7337598' | [[River Lossie]] | River Lossie | River Lossie | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7231712' | [[The Sloch]] | Portessie | The Sloch | [[veelage]] | village |} == New York Ceety == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q18419' | [[Brooklyn]] | Brooklyn | Brooklyn | borough o New York Ceety | borough of New York City |- class='wd_q18424' | [[Queens]] | Queens | Queens | borough o New York Ceety<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | borough of New York City<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q18426' | [[The Bronx]] | The Bronx | The Bronx | borough o New York Ceety<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | borough of New York City<br/>consolidated city-county |} == Perth an Kinross == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q5604307' | [[Greenloanin]] | Greenloaning | Greenloanin | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1773123' | [[Rannoch Muir]] | Rannoch Moor | Rannoch Muir | territory | territory |- class='wd_q1277544' | [[River Earn]] | River Earn | River Earn | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q1259288' | [[River Tummel]] | River Tummel | River Tummel | [[river]] | river |} == Roushie == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q7730' | [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]] | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>[[Autonomous oblasts o Roushie]] | federal subject of Russia<br/>autonomous oblast of Russia |- class='wd_q649' | [[Moscow]] | Moscow | Moscow | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[Federal ceeties o Roushie]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>caipital o Roushie<br/>city or town<br/>largest city | federal subject of Russia<br/>megacity<br/>federal city of Russia<br/>big city<br/>capital of Russia<br/>city or town<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q6605' | [[Sakha Republic]] | Sakha | Sakha Republic | [[Republics o Roushie]]<br/>[[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]] | republic of Russia<br/>federal subject of Russia |} == Scotland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q806432' | [[Banffshire]] | Banffshire | Banffshire | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]<br/>[[Scots coonties]]<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom | lieutenancy area of Scotland<br/>shire of Scotland<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q627381' | [[Bank o Scotland|Bank of Scotland]] | Bank of Scotland | Bank o Scotland | [[bank]]<br/>private central bank | bank<br/>private central bank |- class='wd_q5566918' | [[Glasgow South Western Line]] | Glasgow South Western Line | Glasgow South Western Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q2269514' | [[Gàidhealtachd]] | Gàidhealtachd | Gàidhealtachd | linguistic region | linguistic region |- class='wd_q17582096' | [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] | Kirkcudbrightshire | Kirkcoubrieshire | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]<br/>[[Scots coonties]]<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom | lieutenancy area of Scotland<br/>shire of Scotland<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q3007259' | [[Scots cultur]] | culture of Scotland | Scots cultur | culture of an area | culture of an area |} == Shetland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q4936401' | [[Boddam, Shetland|Boddam]] | Boddam | Boddam, Shetland | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q4979619' | [[Bruray]] | Bruray | Bruray | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q1422297' | [[Ootsta|Out Stack]] | Out Stack | Ootsta | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q1014090' | [[Scallowa]] | Scalloway | Scallowa | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q782412' | [[Sullom Voe]] | Sullom Voe | Sullom Voe | inlet | inlet |} == Sooth Ayrshire == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q28970907' | [[Girvan Old railwey station]] | Girvan Old railway station | Girvan Old railwey station | railway station | railway station |- class='wd_q17265639' | [[Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church]] | Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan | Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church | [[kirk]] | church building |- class='wd_q7337828' | [[River Stinchar]] | River Stinchar | River Stinchar | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7973560' | [[Watter o Girvan]] | Water of Girvan | Watter o Girvan | [[river]] | river |} == Unitit States == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q173' | [[Alabama]] | Alabama | Alabama | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |- class='wd_q1384' | [[New York]] | New York | New York | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |- class='wd_q1183' | [[Puerto Rico]] | Puerto Rico | Puerto Rico | Insular aurie<br/>commonwealth<br/>unincorporatit territory o the Unitit States<br/>poleetical diveesion<br/>territory o the Unitit States<br/>cultural region<br/>Provincial deputation in Spanish America | insular area of the United States<br/>commonwealth<br/>unincorporated territory of the United States<br/>political territorial entity<br/>territory of the United States<br/>cultural region<br/>Provincial deputation in Spanish America |- class='wd_q1456' | [[Sooth Carolina]] | South Carolina | Sooth Carolina | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |} == Washington, D.C. == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q5303341' | [[Downtown, Washington, D.C.|Downtown]] | Downtown Washington | Downtown, Washington, D.C. | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood of Washington, D.C. | neighborhood<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood of Washington, D.C. |- class='wd_q1468648' | [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]] | Georgetown | Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) | neighborhood of Washington, D.C. | neighborhood of Washington, D.C. |- class='wd_q8033060' | [[Woodley Park]] | Woodley Park | Woodley Park | neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<br/>historic district | neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<br/>historic district |} == Wast Lowden == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q810794' | [[Bathket]] | Bathgate | Bathket | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q1016707' | [[Blackburn, Wast Lowden|Blackburn]] | Blackburn | Blackburn, Wast Lowden | [[toun]] | town |- class='wd_q1009114' | [[Fauldhoose]] | Fauldhouse | Fauldhoose | [[veelage]] | village |} == Île-de-France == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q12543' | [[Hauts-de-Seine]] | Hauts-de-Seine | Hauts-de-Seine | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12753' | [[Seine-et-Marne]] | Seine-et-Marne | Seine-et-Marne | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12761' | [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] | Seine-Saint-Denis | Seine-Saint-Denis | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12784' | [[Val-d'Oise]] | Val-d'Oise | Val-d'Oise | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |} == Misc == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q8466' | [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | nan-profit organisation<br/>association fitbaa club | nonprofit organization<br/>association football club |- class='wd_q7584' | [[1832]] | 1832 | 1832 | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q2083' | [[1914]] | 1914 | 1914 | common year starting and ending on Thursday<br/>calendar year | common year starting and ending on Thursday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q1769170' | [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] | 1985 World Snooker Championship | 1985 Warld Snooker Championship | snooker tournament | snooker tournament |- class='wd_q1990' | [[2012]] | 2012 | 2012 | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q9177257' | [[2013 Warld Snooker Championship]] | 2013 World Snooker Championship | 2013 Warld Snooker Championship | world championship<br/>snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | world championship<br/>snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q79859' | [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]] | 2014 FIFA World Cup | 2014 FIFA Warld Cup | sports season | sports season |- class='wd_q23365300' | [[2016 Brussels bombins]] | 2016 Brussels bombings | 2016 Brussels bombins | [[mass murther]]<br/>terrorist attack<br/>suicide bombing | mass murder<br/>terrorist attack<br/>suicide bombing |- class='wd_q65069964' | [[2019 Champion o Champions]] | 2019 Champion of Champions | 2019 Champion o Champions | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q64341987' | [[2019 Riga Masters]] | 2019 Riga Masters | 2019 Riga Masters | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q60796047' | [[2019 UK Championship]] | 2019 UK Championship | 2019 UK Championship | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q66424302' | [[2019 Warld Open]] | 2019 World Open | 2019 Warld Open | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q98073118' | [[2020 Beirut explosions]] | 2020 Beirut explosions | 2020 Beirut explosions | explosion<br/>industrial fire<br/>industrial disaster | explosion<br/>industrial fire<br/>industrial disaster |- class='wd_q67123915' | [[2020 Breetish Grand Prix]] | 2020 British Grand Prix | 2020 Breetish Grand Prix | recurring sporting event edition | recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q95150550' | [[2020 Championship League]] | 2020 Championship League | 2020 Championship League | snooker tournament | snooker tournament |- class='wd_q60774824' | [[2020 Masters (snooker)]] | 2020 Masters | 2020 Masters (snooker) | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q67123908' | [[2020 Spaingie Grand Prix]] | 2020 Spanish Grand Prix | 2020 Spaingie Grand Prix | sports season<br/>postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic | sports season<br/>postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic |- class='wd_q22923830' | [[2020 Unitit States presidential election]] | 2020 United States presidential election | 2020 Unitit States presidential election | Unitit States presidential election | United States presidential election |- class='wd_q106086340' | [[2022–23 UEFA Champions League]] | 2022–23 UEFA Champions League | 2022–23 UEFA Champions League | edition of the UEFA Champions League | edition of the UEFA Champions League |- class='wd_q2705' | [[24 December]] | December 24 | 24 December | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2820' | [[26 August]] | August 26 | 26 August | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2931' | [[3 October]] | October 3 | 3 October | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2622' | [[5 Juin]] | June 5 | 5 Juin | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q638903' | [[5 October 1910 revolution]] | 5 October 1910 revolution | 5 October 1910 revolution | [[coup d'état]] | coup d'état |- class='wd_q96088886' | [[70t Anniversary Grand Prix]] | 70th Anniversary Grand Prix | 70t Anniversary Grand Prix | Formula One Grand Prix<br/>recurring sporting event edition | Formula One Grand Prix<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q278872' | [[A. L. Kennedy]] | A. L. Kennedy | A. L. Kennedy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9513' | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170315' | [[Abbottabad]] | Abbottabad | Abbottabad | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>union council of Pakistan | city<br/>big city<br/>union council of Pakistan |- class='wd_q5111' | [[Abkhaz leid]] | Abkhaz | Abkhaz leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q273866' | [[Abolhassan Banisadr]] | Abolhassan Banisadr | Abolhassan Banisadr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q215833' | [[Abraham Joshua Heschel]] | Abraham Joshua Heschel | Abraham Joshua Heschel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q23357' | [[Abraham Maslow]] | Abraham Maslow | Abraham Maslow | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2821724' | [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q289168' | [[AC Cobra]] | AC Cobra | AC Cobra | car model | car model |- class='wd_q193481' | [[AC Sparta Prague]] | AC Sparta Prague | AC Sparta Prague | association fitbaa club<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | association football club<br/>business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q130955' | [[Acanthodii]] | Acanthodii | Acanthodii | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q25507' | [[Accept]] | Accept | Accept | muisic baund<br/>heavy metal band | musical group<br/>heavy metal band |- class='wd_q638202' | [[Accuracy International Arctic Warfare]] | Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q158785' | [[Acer campestre]] | Q158785 | Acer campestre | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156944' | [[Acer pseudoplatanus]] | Q156944 | Acer pseudoplatanus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q481907' | [[Acinonyx]] | Acinonyx | Acinonyx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38545' | [[Adana]] | Adana | Adana | [[ceety]]<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey<br/>large city | city<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey<br/>large city |- class='wd_q190154' | [[addax]] | Addax nasomaculatus | Addax | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q877127' | [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar|Admeenistrative diveesions o Burma]] | administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar | | |- class='wd_q203323' | [[admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine]] | administrative territorial entity of Ukraine | Admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine | | |- class='wd_q378988' | [[Adult contemporary|adult contemporar muisic]] | adult contemporary music | Adult contemporary | [[muisic genre]]<br/>radio format | music genre<br/>radio format |- class='wd_q379393' | [[Advanced bylin watter reactor]] | advanced boiling water reactor | Advanced bylin watter reactor | | |- class='wd_q379573' | [[Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor]] | advanced gas-cooled reactor | Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor | | |- class='wd_q53093' | [[Adventure Time]] | Adventure Time | Adventure Time | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q21197880' | [[Adventures in Babysitting (2016 film)]] | Adventures in Babysitting | Adventures in Babysitting (2016 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q49085' | [[African Americans|African American]] | African Americans | African Americans | [[ethnic group]]<br/>ethnic community<br/>ethnic group by residency | ethnic group<br/>ethnic community<br/>ethnic group by residency |- class='wd_q160042' | [[African buffalo]] | African buffalo | African buffalo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36557' | [[African bush elephant]] | African bush elephant | African bush elephant | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192231' | [[African gowden cat]] | Profelis aurata | African gowden cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q328082' | [[Afrosoricida]] | Afrosoricida | Afrosoricida | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27399' | [[Afrotheria]] | Afrotheria | Afrotheria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2059513' | [[Agarak (clachan), Syunik|Agarak (veelage)]] | Agarak (village) | Agarak (clachan), Syunik | village in Armenia | village in Armenia |- class='wd_q390456' | [[Agaricus]] | Agaricus | Agaricus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q234529' | [[Agaricus campestris]] | Agaricus campestris | Agaricus campestris | [[taxon]]<br/>edible mushroom | taxon<br/>edible mushroom |- class='wd_q327538' | [[age o consent]] | age of consent | Age o consent | | |- class='wd_q133808' | [[Agustín de Iturbide]] | Agustín I of Mexico | Agustín de Iturbide | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46798' | [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] | Ahmed Shahe Durrani | Ahmad Shah Durrani | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2715844' | [[aikraw]] | Lobaria scrobiculata | Aikraw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4697039' | [[Aileen Paterson]] | Aileen Paterson | Aileen Paterson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q264849' | [[Aileen Wuornos]] | Aileen Wuornos | Aileen Wuornos | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6475' | [[Airbus A320 faimily]] | Airbus A320 family | Airbus A320 faimily | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6478' | [[Airbus A330]] | Airbus A330 | Airbus A330 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q23498' | [[airchaeology]] | archaeology | Airchaeology | academic major<br/>academic discipline | academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q1063287' | [[Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie]] | Saudi Arabian Armed Forces | Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie | armed forces | armed forces |- class='wd_q47059' | [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] | Aishwarya Rai | Aishwarya Rai Bachchan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q169527' | [[Ajax]] | Ajax | Ajax | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q506658' | [[Ajloun Govrenorate]] | Ajloun Governorate | Ajloun Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Jordan]] | governorate of Jordan |- class='wd_q472753' | [[Akhal-Teke]] | Akhal-Teke | Akhal-Teke | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q1872285' | [[Akita]] | Akita | Akita | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q485056' | [[Akmola Region|Akmola Province]] | Akmola Region | Akmola Region | [[Regions o Kazakhstan]] | region of Kazakhstan |- class='wd_q1046645' | [[Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait)|Al Asimah Govrenorate]] | Capital Governorate | Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait) | [[govrenorates o Kuwait]] | governorate of Kuwait |- class='wd_q32841' | [[Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict]] | Jabal al Akhdar | Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict | [[Destricts o Libie]] | district of Libya |- class='wd_q559599' | [[Al Stewart]] | Al Stewart | Al Stewart | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12192963' | [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] | Al-Aqsa Mosque | Al-Aqsa Mosque | [[mosque]]<br/>musalla<br/>congregational mosque<br/>sacred place | mosque<br/>musalla<br/>congregational mosque<br/>sacred place |- class='wd_q311336' | [[Al-Awja]] | Al-Awja | Al-Awja | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q34490' | [[Al-Qaeda]] | Al-Qaeda | Al-Qaeda | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization |- class='wd_q575774' | [[Al-Safira]] | Al-Safira | Al-Safira | [[ceety]]<br/>[[veelage]]<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>village<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q215518' | [[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]] | Aladdin | Aladdin (1992 Disney film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q4707841' | [[Alan Stewart o Darnley]] | Alan Stewart of Darnley | Alan Stewart o Darnley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q209496' | [[Alawites]] | Alawites | Alawites | sect<br/>religious group | sect<br/>religious group |- class='wd_q937' | [[Albert Einstein]] | Q937 | Albert Einstein | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q35517' | [[Alces alces]] | moose | Alces alces | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205972' | [[alcohol intoxication]] | alcohol intoxication | Alcohol intoxication | | |- class='wd_q156' | [[Alcohol|alcohols]] | alcohols | Alcohol | structural class of chemical entities | structural class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q3610674' | [[Alex Gray]] | Alex Gray | Alex Gray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37064' | [[Alexander Fleming]] | Alexander Fleming | Alexander Fleming | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34286' | [[Alexander Graham Bell]] | Alexander Graham Bell | Alexander Graham Bell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q207384' | [[Alexander I o Yugoslavie]] | Alexander I of Yugoslavia | Alexander I o Yugoslavie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4302000' | [[Alexander Montgomerie]] | Alexander Montgomerie | Alexander Montgomerie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q620732' | [[Alexander Tarasov]] | Alexander Tarasov | Alexander Tarasov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q38337' | [[Alexandre Dumas]] | Alexandre Dumas | Alexandre Dumas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188128' | [[Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov]] | Alexei Abrikosov | Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q183372' | [[Alfred North Whitehead]] | Alfred North Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4723711' | [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas|Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno]] | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q2466508' | [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton]] | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton | canton of Ecuador | canton of Ecuador |- class='wd_q2090350' | [[Ali Dilem]] | Ali Dilem | Ali Dilem | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q468523' | [[Ali Smith]] | Ali Smith | Ali Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q257106' | [[alicreesh]] | liquorice | Alicreesh | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4727053' | [[Alison Cockburn]] | Alison Cockburn | Alison Cockburn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19563' | [[Alkaline yird metal]] | alkaline earth metal | Alkaline yird metal | group<br/>main group | group<br/>main group |- class='wd_q162442' | [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]] | Prayagraj | Prayagraj | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q81564' | [[alpaca]] | alpaca | Alpaca | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58430' | [[Alternator]] | alternator | Alternator | | |- class='wd_q663' | [[Alumeenium|aluminium]] | aluminium | Alumeenium | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>lithophile element | chemical element<br/>lithophile element |- class='wd_q11081' | [[Alzheimer's tribble|Alzheimer's disease]] | Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's tribble | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q80563' | [[Amalfi]] | Amalfi | Amalfi | comune o Italy | comune of Italy |- class='wd_q454135' | [[Amanda Sandrelli]] | Amanda Sandrelli | Amanda Sandrelli | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213938' | [[Amanita]] | Amanita | Amanita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q574014' | [[Amaro Pargo]] | Amaro Rodríguez Felipe | Amaro Pargo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10732549' | [[Amealco de Bonfil]] | Amealco de Bonfil Municipality | Amealco de Bonfil | [[Municipalities o Mexico]] | municipality of Mexico |- class='wd_q82728' | [[American bison]] | American bison | American bison | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q122783' | [[American black beir]] | American black bear | American black beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q228002' | [[Ammonoidea]] | Ammonoidea | Ammonoidea | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q161568' | [[Ammophila arenaria]] | Ammophila arenaria | Ammophila arenaria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48403' | [[Amritsar]] | Amritsar | Amritsar | [[metropolis]] | metropolis |- class='wd_q36216' | [[An Nawfaliyah]] | Nofaliya | An Nawfaliyah | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q161153' | [[Anacamptis morio]] | Anacamptis morio | Anacamptis morio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q214264' | [[Anas]] | Anas | Anas | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q489798' | [[Andalusie horse]] | Andalusian horse | Andalusie horse | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q170598' | [[Andean condor]] | Andean Condor | Andean condor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4756563' | [[Andrew Carruthers]] | Andrew Carruthers | Andrew Carruthers | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q60969158' | [[Halloween Howls|Andrew Gold's Halloween Howls – Fun & Scary Music]] | Andrew Gold's Halloween Howls – Fun & Scary Music | Halloween Howls | [[album]] | album |- class='wd_q472725' | [[Andrew Moray]] | Andrew Moray | Andrew Moray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q153330' | [[Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor]] | Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor | Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q506425' | [[Andrew Murray (Scots sodger)|Andrew Murray]] | Sir Andrew Murray | Andrew Murray (Scots sodger) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q318508' | [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] | Q318508 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10125' | [[Andy Murray]] | Andy Murray | Andy Murray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4761361' | [[Andy Stewart (muisicker)|Andy Stewart]] | Andy Stewart | Andy Stewart (muisicker) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q769218' | [[Ang Mey]] | Ang Mey | Ang Mey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34351359' | [[Angela Haggerty]] | Angela Haggerty | Angela Haggerty | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q219666' | [[Angelica]] | Angelica | Angelica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23893984' | [[Angelique Rockas]] | Angelique Rockas | Angelique Rockas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q916' | [[Angola|Angolae]] | Angola | Angola | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q128685' | [[Eel|Anguilliformes]] | Anguilliformes | Eel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q355392' | [[Angus Macfadyen]] | Angus Macfadyen | Angus Macfadyen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q729' | [[Animals|animal]] | animal | Animals | [[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>first-order class | taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>first-order class |- class='wd_q180439' | [[Ankh]] | ankh | Ankh | hieroglyph<br/>crosses in heraldry | hieroglyph<br/>crosses in heraldry |- class='wd_q25522' | [[Annelid]] | Annelida | Annelid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2851506' | [[Annette Crosbie]] | Annette Crosbie | Annette Crosbie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3736616' | [[Annobón Province]] | Annobón Province | Annobón Province | [[Provinces o Equatorial Guinea]] | province of Equatorial Guinea |- class='wd_q37395' | [[Anomalocaris]] | Anomalocaris | Anomalocaris | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q573246' | [[Anthony Fauci]] | Anthony Fauci | Anthony Fauci | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192718' | [[Anthony James Leggett]] | Anthony James Leggett | Anthony James Leggett | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q143313' | [[Anthus trivialis]] | Tree Pipit | Anthus trivialis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5685' | [[Anton Chekhov]] | Anton Chekhov | Anton Chekhov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1429' | [[Antoninus Pius]] | Antoninus Pius | Antoninus Pius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4351768' | [[Antti Puhakka]] | Antti Puhakka | Antti Puhakka | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q497' | [[anus]] | anus | Anus | class of anatomical entity | class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q615767' | [[Aokigahara]] | Aokigahara | Aokigahara | [[forest]] | forest |- class='wd_q173756' | [[Apocynaceae]] | Q173756 | Apocynaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25950' | [[Apodiformes]] | Apodiformes | Apodiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148929' | [[Aquilegia vulgaris]] | columbine | Aquilegia vulgaris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48227' | [[Araceae]] | Araceae | Araceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2356261' | [[Aram Asatryan]] | Aram Asatryan | Aram Asatryan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12084' | [[Araneomorphae]] | Q12084 | Araneomorphae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q82738' | [[Arctic tod]] | Arctic fox | Arctic tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15043775' | [[Arctiidae]] | Arctiidae | Arctiidae | [[taxon]]<br/>synonym | taxon<br/>synonym |- class='wd_q414' | [[Argenteinie]] | Argentina | Argenteinie | [[kintra]]<br/>nation<br/>sovereign state<br/>confessional state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental | country<br/>nation<br/>sovereign state<br/>confessional state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental |- class='wd_q496548' | [[Argentine Fitbaw Association|Argentine Fitbaa Association]] | Argentine Football Association | Argentine Fitbaw Association | nan-profit organisation<br/>association football federation<br/>national sports governing body | nonprofit organization<br/>association football federation<br/>national sports governing body |- class='wd_q4792148' | [[Arlene Foster]] | Arlene Foster | Arlene Foster | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q15771' | [[Armavir, Armenie|Armavir]] | Armavir | Armavir, Armenie | city or town in Armenia | city or town in Armenia |- class='wd_q68880' | [[Arminius]] | Arminius | Arminius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q77078' | [[Arnold Sommerfeld]] | Arnold Sommerfeld | Arnold Sommerfeld | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q258528' | [[Arsames]] | Arsames | Arsames | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q35610' | [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] | Arthur Conan Doyle | Arthur Conan Doyle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80596' | [[Arthur Miller]] | Arthur Miller | Arthur Miller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q178182' | [[Asgard]] | Asgard | Asgard | Norse mythical location | Norse mythical location |- class='wd_q528983' | [[Ashley Williams]] | Ashley Williams | Ashley Williams | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q182347' | [[Asiatic lion]] | Asiatic lion | Asiatic lion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q124410' | [[Aisien black beir|Asie black beir]] | Ursus thibetanus | Aisien black beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q648422' | [[Asio]] | Asio | Asio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25769' | [[Asio flammeus]] | Short-eared Owl | Asio flammeus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26229' | [[Asparagales]] | Asparagales | Asparagales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q28367' | [[Asparagus]] | Asparagus officinalis | Asparagus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178450' | [[Aspartic acid]] | L-aspartic acid | Aspartic acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q161790' | [[Asperger syndrome]] | Asperger syndrome | Asperger syndrome | disability<br/>type of disease | disability<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q18216' | [[Aspirin]] | aspirin | Aspirin | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q517130' | [[Aster (genus)|Aster]] | Aster | Aster (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25400' | [[Asteraceae]] | Asteraceae | Asteraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21730' | [[Asterales]] | Q21730 | Asterales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q747502' | [[Asterids]] | Q747502 | Asterids | clade | clade |- class='wd_q157184' | [[Astragalus]] | Astragalus | Astragalus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q203263' | [[Athens, Georgie|Athens]] | Athens | Athens, Georgie | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty<br/>municipality of Georgia | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county<br/>municipality of Georgia |- class='wd_q9121' | [[atom]] | atom | Atom | | |- class='wd_q23809' | [[atomic nummer]] | atomic number | Atomic nummer | | |- class='wd_q758559' | [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] | Auburn Hills | Auburn Hills, Michigan | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q8018' | [[Augustinus]] | Augustine of Hippo | Augustinus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1136674' | [[Auld San Juan]] | Old San Juan Historic District | Auld San Juan | neighbourhuid<br/>[[Auld Toun]]<br/>fortified town<br/>historic district | neighborhood<br/>old town<br/>fortified town<br/>historic district |- class='wd_q676050' | [[Auld Toun]] | old town | Auld Toun | | |- class='wd_q182968' | [[Auld Warld pug]] | Q182968 | Auld Warld pug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26864' | [[Aurelia aurita]] | Aurelia aurita | Aurelia aurita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q168903' | [[aurochs]] | aurochs | Aurochs | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q28513' | [[Austrick-Hungary]] | Austria–Hungary | Austrick-Hungary | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q6229' | [[authoritarianism]] | authoritarianism | Authoritarianism | [[poleetical seestem]]<br/>form o rule<br/>poleetical ideology | political system<br/>form of government<br/>political ideology |- class='wd_q5386' | [[auto racin]] | auto racing | Auto racin | type o sport<br/>sports discipline | type of sport<br/>sports discipline |- class='wd_q41482' | [[autopsy]] | autopsy | Autopsy | | |- class='wd_q39837' | [[Averroes]] | Averroes | Averroes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37153' | [[Avocado]] | Persea americana | Avocado | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43056' | [[Axis pouers|Axis]] | Axis Powers | Axis pouers | military alliance | military alliance |- class='wd_q22718' | [[axolotl]] | axolotl | Axolotl | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q186778' | [[aye-aye]] | aye-aye | Aye-aye | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q221503' | [[Az Zawiyah]] | Zawiya | Az Zawiyah | human settlement<br/>municipality of Libya | human settlement<br/>municipality of Libya |- class='wd_q3091454' | [[Azerbaijan Athletics Federation]] | Azerbaijan Athletics Federation | Azerbaijan Athletics Federation | sport govrenin body | sports governing body |- class='wd_q3741152' | [[Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation]] | Azerbaijan Basketball Federation | Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation | sport govrenin body | sports governing body |- class='wd_q211370' | [[Baabda Destrict]] | Baabda District | Baabda Destrict | [[Destricts o Lebanon]] | district of Lebanon |- class='wd_q10876' | [[bacteria]] | Bacteria | Bacteria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15468' | [[Badalona]] | Badalona | Badalona | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Catalonia | big city<br/>municipality of Catalonia |- class='wd_q188130' | [[Baiji]] | baiji | Baiji | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7569' | [[bairn]] | child | Bairn | population group<br/>class of human | population group<br/>class of human |- class='wd_q4412334' | [[Bakunawa]] | Bakunawa | Bakunawa | meethological serpent | mythological serpent |- class='wd_q39731' | [[Baltic states]] | Baltic states | Baltic states | geographic region<br/>triad | region<br/>triad |- class='wd_q5092' | [[Baltimore]] | Baltimore | Baltimore | independent ceety | independent city in the United States |- class='wd_q806273' | [[Bandarban Destrict]] | Bandarban District | Bandarban Destrict | district of Bangladesh | district of Bangladesh |- class='wd_q1355' | [[Bangalore]] | Bengaluru | Bangalore | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>state capital<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q1861' | [[Bangkok]] | Bangkok | Bangkok | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>financial center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>special administrative area of Thailand<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>financial center<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>special administrative area of Thailand<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q130774' | [[banner o Argentinae]] | flag of Argentina | Banner o Argentinae | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q160872' | [[Banner o Chile]] | flag of Chile | Banner o Chile | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q163008' | [[Banner o Cuba]] | flag of Cuba | Banner o Cuba | flag<br/>national flag | flag<br/>national flag |- class='wd_q30768' | [[Banner o East Timor]] | flag of East Timor | Banner o East Timor | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q122482' | [[Banner o Europe]] | flag of Europe | Banner o Europe | flag design | flag design |- class='wd_q47891' | [[Banner o Finland]] | flag of Finland | Banner o Finland | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q26491' | [[Banner o Georgie (kintra)|Banner o Georgie]] | flag of Georgia | Banner o Georgie (kintra) | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q48160' | [[Banner o Germany]] | flag of Germany | Banner o Germany | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q168935' | [[Banner o Malaysie]] | flag of Malaysia | Banner o Malaysie | flag<br/>national flag | flag<br/>national flag |- class='wd_q159865' | [[Banner o Morocco]] | flag of Morocco | Banner o Morocco | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q5456793' | [[Banner o North Vietnam]] | flag of North Vietnam | Banner o North Vietnam | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q81286' | [[Banner o Swaden]] | flag of Sweden | Banner o Swaden | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q483774' | [[Banner o Uzbekistan]] | flag of Uzbekistan | Banner o Uzbekistan | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q131204' | [[Banner o Vietnam]] | flag of Vietnam | Banner o Vietnam | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q183035' | [[Banteng]] | Bos javanicus | Banteng | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q790949' | [[Bartholin's gland]] | Bartholin's gland | Bartholin's gland | class of anatomical entity | class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q1172126' | [[Basil Spence]] | Basil Spence | Basil Spence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46185' | [[bass guitar]] | bass guitar | Bass guitar | type of musical instrument | type of musical instrument |- class='wd_q2575960' | [[Battle o Carham]] | Battle of Carham | Battle o Carham | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q151340' | [[Battle o Fraunce]] | Battle of France | Battle o Fraunce | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q179670' | [[Battle o Gaugamela]] | Battle of Gaugamela | Battle o Gaugamela | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q4871281' | [[Battle o Innerurie (1308)|Battle o Innerurie]] | Battle of Inverurie | Battle o Innerurie (1308) | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q127216' | [[Bauld eagle]] | bald eagle | Bauld eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45422' | [[baurm]] | yeast | Baurm | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q104761' | [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]] | Bayer 04 Leverkusen | Bayer 04 Leverkusen | association fitbaa club<br/>professional sports team | association football club<br/>professional sports team |- class='wd_q41890' | [[Bayswater]] | Bayswater | Bayswater | aurie o Lunnon | area of London |- class='wd_q179673' | [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]] | Beauty and the Beast | Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q81856' | [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]] | Beaverton | Beaverton, Oregon | city of Oregon | city of Oregon |- class='wd_q813884' | [[Bedford RL]] | Bedford RL | Bedford RL | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q507235' | [[Bedford Vehicles]] | Bedford Vehicles | Bedford Vehicles | commercial vehicle manufacturer | commercial vehicle manufacturer |- class='wd_q217778' | [[Bishop's weed|beeshop's weed]] | Aegopodium podagraria | Bishop's weed | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q158617' | [[Begonia]] | Begonia | Begonia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q956' | [[Beijing]] | Beijing | Beijing | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>national central city<br/>Direct-controlled municipality<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>national capital<br/>former national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>national central city<br/>direct-administered municipality<br/>big city<br/>national capital<br/>former national capital |- class='wd_q11788' | [[beir]] | Ursidae | Beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25376' | [[Beld-cuit|beld pout]] | Common Coot | Beld-cuit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q896476' | [[Belgian horse]] | Belgian Draught | Belgian horse | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q31' | [[Belgium]] | Belgium | Belgium | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q2631905' | [[Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom]] | Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom | Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q342617' | [[Ben Whishaw]] | Ben Whishaw | Ben Whishaw | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3329808' | [[Benedict Wong]] | Benedict Wong | Benedict Wong | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80952' | [[Bengal teeger]] | Bengal tiger | Bengal teeger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48328' | [[Beowulf]] | Beowulf | Beowulf | epic poem | epic poem |- class='wd_q158563' | [[Berberis vulgaris]] | Berberis vulgaris | Berberis vulgaris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q64' | [[Berlin]] | Berlin | Berlin | city-state<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>Hanseatic ceety<br/>[[States o Germany|federatit state o Germany]]<br/>seat o govrenment<br/>Unitary municipality in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>largest city<br/>town divided by border<br/>independent city in Berlin | city-state<br/>metropolis<br/>federal capital<br/>Hanseatic city<br/>federated state of Germany<br/>seat of government<br/>Unitary municipality in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>largest city<br/>town divided by border<br/>independent city in Berlin |- class='wd_q961874' | [[Bernabé Ferreyra]] | Bernabé Ferreyra | Bernabé Ferreyra | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16532287' | [[Betacoronavirus]] | Betacoronavirus | Betacoronavirus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q159532' | [[betel]] | betel | Betel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4164940' | [[Betta]] | Betta | Betta | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190631' | [[Bette Midler]] | Bette Midler | Bette Midler | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156895' | [[Betula pendula]] | Q156895 | Betula pendula | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3707847' | [[Beukkeepin]] | bookkeeping | Beukkeepin | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q172567' | [[Beşiktaş J.K.]] | Beşiktaş J.K. | Beşiktaş J.K. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q166788' | [[biathlon]] | biathlon | Biathlon | type o sport<br/>Olympic sport | type of sport<br/>Olympic sport |- class='wd_q25485' | [[big ox-ee]] | great tit | Big ox-ee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1124' | [[Bill Clinton]] | Bill Clinton | Bill Clinton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2619019' | [[Bill Nye]] | Bill Nye | Bill Nye | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q151113' | [[Billie Piper]] | Billie Piper | Billie Piper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5113' | [[Bird|birds]] | bird | Bird | [[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q19444' | [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham Ceety F.C.]] | Birmingham City F.C. | Birmingham City F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q727096' | [[birth defect]] | congenital disorder | Birth defect | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q18099' | [[bison]] | Bison | Bison | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147096' | [[bitter oranger]] | Citrus × aurantium | Bitter oranger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25368' | [[Bivalvia]] | Q25368 | Bivalvia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147701' | [[Bixa orellana]] | Bixa orellana | Bixa orellana | [[taxon]]<br/>material | taxon<br/>material |- class='wd_q104506' | [[Björn Borg]] | Björn Borg | Björn Borg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q879748' | [[Björn Strid]] | Björn Strid | Björn Strid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q95036' | [[black rhinoceros]] | Diceros bicornis | Black rhinoceros | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183339' | [[blackbuck]] | Antilope cervicapra | Blackbuck | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6934' | [[Blagoveshchensk]] | Blagoveshchensk | Blagoveshchensk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q217291' | [[Blanford's tod]] | Blanford's fox | Blanford's tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25309' | [[Blattodea]] | Q25309 | Blattodea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23445' | [[Black|bleck]] | black | Black | primary colour<br/>HTML4 named color<br/>safest web colors | primary color<br/>HTML4 named color<br/>safest web colors |- class='wd_q199758' | [[Blue jay]] | Blue Jay | Blue jay | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q42196' | [[Blue whaul]] | Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whaul | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205477' | [[blue-an-yellae macaw]] | Blue-and-yellow Macaw | Blue-an-yellae macaw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25404' | [[blue-bunnet]] | Eurasian blue tit | Blue-bunnet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27989' | [[bluebell]] | Campanula rotundifolia | Bluebell | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q853286' | [[Bluebird]] | Sialia | Bluebird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25709' | [[Bluiter]] | Eurasian Bittern | Bluiter | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q215388' | [[Boa constrictor]] | Boa constrictor | Boa constrictor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q444752' | [[Boa Sr.]] | Boa Sr. | Boa Sr. | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q35872' | [[boat]] | boat | Boat | boat type | boat type |- class='wd_q121615' | [[Bobby Sands]] | Bobby Sands | Bobby Sands | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131907' | [[bobcat]] | bobcat | Bobcat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6394' | [[Boeing 707]] | Boeing 707 | Boeing 707 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6387' | [[Boeing 737]] | Boeing 737 | Boeing 737 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q179' | [[Boeing 747]] | Boeing 747 | Boeing 747 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6418' | [[Boeing 757]] | Boeing 757 | Boeing 757 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6423' | [[Boeing 767]] | Boeing 767 | Boeing 767 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q26431' | [[bog gled]] | Western Marsh Harrier | Bog gled | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q181969' | [[Bohai Sea]] | Bohai Sea | Bohai Sea | marginal sea | marginal sea |- class='wd_q179172' | [[Bojan Krkić]] | Bojan Krkić | Bojan Krkić | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q134747' | [[Bombyx mori]] | Bombyx mori | Bombyx mori | [[taxon]]<br/>silkworm | taxon<br/>silkworm |- class='wd_q19537' | [[bonobo]] | Bonobo | Bonobo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q207760' | [[Badock|Bonxie]] | Great Skua | Badock | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147075' | [[borage]] | borage | Borage | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26568' | [[Boraginaceae]] | Boraginaceae | Boraginaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q500857' | [[Borassus flabellifer]] | Borassus flabellifer | Borassus flabellifer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5319' | [[borax]] | borax | Borax | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q187045' | [[boric acid]] | orthoboric acid | Boric acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q80958' | [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas]] | Botafogo F.R. | Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas | association fitbaa club<br/>sports club | association football club<br/>sports club |- class='wd_q184634' | [[Boudica]] | Boudica | Boudica | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2167872' | [[Body hair|bouk hair]] | androgenic hair | Body hair | | |- class='wd_q25497' | [[bovid]] | Q25497 | Bovid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4979192' | [[Bovinae]] | Bovinae | Bovinae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38496' | [[Boxer (dug)|Boxer]] | Boxer | Boxer (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q205707' | [[Bradley Cooper]] | Bradley Cooper | Bradley Cooper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q487367' | [[Braeburn]] | Braeburn | Braeburn | chance seedling<br/>apple cultivar | chance seedling<br/>apple cultivar |- class='wd_q58677' | [[Brassica]] | Brassica | Brassica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156888' | [[Brassicaceae]] | Brassicaceae | Brassicaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185086' | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]] | Crown Dependencies | Croun dependencies | territory | territory |- class='wd_q842438' | [[Breetish fowk]] | British | Breetish fowk | [[population]] | human population |- class='wd_q4869954' | [[Breetish monarchs]] | list of British monarchs | Breetish monarchs | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q39782' | [[Bress]] | brass | Bress | | |- class='wd_q3644573' | [[Brig o Dee (brig)|Brig o Dee]] | Bridge of Dee | Brig o Dee (brig) | road brig<br/>stone arch bridge | road bridge<br/>stone arch bridge |- class='wd_q4975727' | [[Brithers' Circle]] | Brothers’ Circle | Brithers' Circle | organized crime group | organized crime group |- class='wd_q4970755' | [[British Rail Class 22]] | British Rail Class 22 | British Rail Class 22 | locomotive class | locomotive class |- class='wd_q920223' | [[British Steel (1967–1999)|British Steel]] | British Steel | British Steel (1967–1999) | [[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q4975856' | [[Brochtoun]] | Broughtown | Brochtoun | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q156529' | [[Bromeliaceae]] | Bromeliaceae | Bromeliaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q232278' | [[Brookesia micra]] | Brookesia micra | Brookesia micra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148134' | [[Bryozoa]] | Q148134 | Bryozoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q850563' | [[Bubble Guppies]] | Bubble Guppies | Bubble Guppies | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q639022' | [[Bufo]] | Bufo | Bufo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146375' | [[Bufo bufo]] | common toad | Bufo bufo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q193250' | [[Bulawayo]] | Bulawayo | Bulawayo | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q134091' | [[Bulbophyllum]] | Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q12495' | [[Burj Khalifa]] | Burj Khalifa | Burj Khalifa | skyscraper<br/>laundmark | skyscraper<br/>architectural landmark |- class='wd_q836' | [[Myanmar|Burma]] | Myanmar | Myanmar | [[kintra]]<br/>[[republic]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>republic<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q26691' | [[burrian]] | Red-throated Diver | Burrian | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191737' | [[buss dug]] | Speothos venaticus | Buss dug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45024346' | [[Bute witches]] | Bute witches | Bute witches | group o humans | group of humans |- class='wd_q30325551' | [[Butterbean's Café]] | Butterbean's Café | Butterbean's Café | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q173532' | [[Byblos]] | Byblos | Byblos | [[ceety]]<br/>city-state<br/>human settlement<br/>archaeological site | city<br/>city-state<br/>human settlement<br/>archaeological site |- class='wd_q35051' | [[cabbitch]] | Brassica oleracea var. capitata | Cabbitch | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5015361' | [[Caberfeidh]] | Caberfeidh | Caberfeidh | shinty team | shinty team |- class='wd_q4758' | [[Caecilian]] | Caecilian | Caecilian | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q91703' | [[Caenorhabditis elegans]] | Caenorhabditis elegans | Caenorhabditis elegans | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q428145' | [[Caledonian Sleeper]] | Caledonian Sleeper | Caledonian Sleeper | night train<br/>named passenger train service | night train<br/>named passenger train service |- class='wd_q194314' | [[Californie condor]] | California condor | Californie condor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q132895' | [[Callionymus lyra]] | Common dragonet | Callionymus lyra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147192' | [[Caltha palustris]] | Caltha palustris | Caltha palustris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q138367' | [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] | Camden | Camden, New Jersey | coonty seat<br/>ceety in New Jersey | county seat<br/>city in New Jersey |- class='wd_q101815' | [[Camellia sinensis]] | Camellia sinensis | Camellia sinensis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q155802' | [[Campanulaceae]] | Campanulaceae | Campanulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13707' | [[camshaft]] | camshaft | Camshaft | | |- class='wd_q12078' | [[cancer]] | cancer | Cancer | [[Dishailth|disease]]<br/>heal problem<br/>type of disease | disease<br/>health problem<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q5031643' | [[Candelaria, Nevada|Candelaria]] | Candelaria | Candelaria, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q558181' | [[CANDU reactor]] | CANDU reactor | CANDU reactor | Nuclear reactor | nuclear reactor |- class='wd_q25324' | [[Canidae]] | Canidae | Canidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2845' | [[Cannabis (drog)|cannabis]] | cannabis | Cannabis (drog) | [[drog]] | drug |- class='wd_q79817' | [[Cannabis]] | Cannabis | Cannabis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16572' | [[Guangzhou|Canton]] | Guangzhou | Guangzhou | megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>sub-province-level diveesion<br/>prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>sub-province-level division<br/>prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q12755' | [[Canton o Jura]] | Canton of Jura | Canton o Jura | canton o Swisserland<br/>constituent state | canton of Switzerland<br/>federated state |- class='wd_q272933' | [[Cape tod]] | Vulpes chama | Cape tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q129059' | [[Capercailzie]] | Western capercaillie | Capercailzie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179544' | [[Capetian dynasty]] | Capetian dynasty | Capetian dynasty | dynasty<br/>noble faimily | dynasty<br/>noble family |- class='wd_q172923' | [[Capra (genus)|Capra]] | Capra | Capra (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26125' | [[Caprimulgiformes]] | Caprimulgiformes | Caprimulgiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26717' | [[Caprimulgus europaeus]] | European Nightjar | Caprimulgus europaeus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201959' | [[Capsicum]] | Capsicum | Capsicum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1380' | [[Capsicum annuum]] | Capsicum annuum | Capsicum annuum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q30847' | [[Caracal]] | caracal | Caracal | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q623' | [[Caurbon|carbon]] | carbon | Caurbon | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>atmophile element | chemical element<br/>atmophile element |- class='wd_q158501' | [[Carex]] | Carex | Carex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q287793' | [[Carl Reiner]] | Carl Reiner | Carl Reiner | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q158874' | [[Carlos I o Portugal]] | Carlos I of Portugal | Carlos I o Portugal | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170419' | [[Carlos Slim]] | Carlos Slim | Carlos Slim | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q204089' | [[Carlos Valderrama]] | Carlos Valderrama | Carlos Valderrama | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25306' | [[Carnivora]] | Carnivora | Carnivora | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q237994' | [[Carol Ann Duffy]] | Carol Ann Duffy | Carol Ann Duffy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q207739' | [[Carole Lombard]] | Carole Lombard | Carole Lombard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q577227' | [[Caroline Nokes]] | Caroline Nokes | Caroline Nokes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q81' | [[carrot]] | carrot | Carrot | food crop<br/>type of vegetable | food crop<br/>type of vegetable |- class='wd_q729304' | [[Carthage, Missouri|Carthage]] | Carthage | Carthage, Missouri | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q111840' | [[Carwyn Jones]] | Carwyn Jones | Carwyn Jones | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25995' | [[Caryophyllaceae]] | Caryophyllaceae | Caryophyllaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1046446' | [[Casa Loma]] | Casa Loma | Casa Loma | villa<br/>historic house museum | villa<br/>historic house museum |- class='wd_q83124' | [[cassava]] | cassava | Cassava | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1049507' | [[Castle Semple Loch]] | Castle Semple Loch | Castle Semple Loch | [[loch]] | lake |- class='wd_q146' | [[cat]] | cat | Cat | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q3883' | [[Catanzaro]] | Catanzaro | Catanzaro | [[ceety]]<br/>comune o Italy | city<br/>comune of Italy |- class='wd_q9943415' | [[:Category:Fermstockin]] | Category:Livestock | Category:Fermstockin | [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]] | Wikimedia category |- class='wd_q7973620' | [[:Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie]] | Category:Urban-type settlements in Russia | Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie | [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]] | Wikimedia category |- class='wd_q105667' | [[Catherine Ashton]] | Catherine Ashton | Catherine Ashton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17149' | [[Catshairk]] | Q17149 | Catshairk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7537' | [[cauliflouer]] | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | Cauliflouer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q210516' | [[Leet o ceeties in Serbie|ceety in Serbie]] | list of cities in Serbia | Leet o ceeties in Serbie | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q23311' | [[Ceety o Lunnon]] | City of London | Ceety o Lunnon | [[ceety]]<br/>ceremonial county of England<br/>central business district<br/>financial center<br/>unparished area<br/>district of the United Kingdom<br/>district with city status | city<br/>ceremonial county of England<br/>central business district<br/>financial center<br/>unparished area<br/>district of the United Kingdom<br/>district with city status |- class='wd_q138617' | [[Ceiba pentandra]] | Ceiba pentandra | Ceiba pentandra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23012379' | [[Celery]] | celery | Celery | | |- class='wd_q6002' | [[Pro12|Celtic League]] | United Rugby Championship | Pro12 | professional sports league<br/>rugby union competition | professional sports league<br/>rugby union competition |- class='wd_q498162' | [[census-designated place]] | census-designated place in the United States | Census-designated place | admeenistrative diveesion<br/>type of place | administrative territorial entity<br/>type of place |- class='wd_q929' | [[Central African Republic]] | Central African Republic | Central African Republic | [[kintra]]<br/>[[republic]]<br/>landlockt kintra<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>republic<br/>landlocked country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q152283' | [[Central Pouers]] | Central Powers | Central Pouers | military alliance | military alliance |- class='wd_q504320' | [[Centurion (tank)|Centurion]] | Centurion | Centurion (tank) | combat vehicle family | combat vehicle family |- class='wd_q123252' | [[Cephalochordate|Cephalochordata]] | Cephalochordata | Cephalochordate | monotypic taxon | monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q130902' | [[Ceratosaurus]] | Ceratosaurus | Ceratosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q12117' | [[cereal]] | cereal | Cereal | group or class of agricultural products | group or class of agricultural products |- class='wd_q131340' | [[chamois]] | chamois | Chamois | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2088394' | [[Chandi]] | Chandi | Chandi | Devi<br/>form of Parvati | Devi<br/>form of Parvati |- class='wd_q451727' | [[Charles Bell]] | Charles Bell | Charles Bell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5686' | [[Charles Dickens]] | Charles Dickens | Charles Dickens | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q333452' | [[Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg]] | Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg | Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80321126' | [[Charles W Gray]] | Charles W Gray | Charles W Gray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q123026' | [[Charles Édouard Guillaume]] | Charles Édouard Guillaume | Charles Édouard Guillaume | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37785' | [[Charlotte's Web (1973 film)|Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web (1973 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q45735' | [[Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q213773' | [[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web (2006 film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q83161' | [[Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure]] | Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure | Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q6604' | [[Charon (muin)|Charon]] | Charon | Charon (muin) | moon of Pluto | moon of Pluto |- class='wd_q38646266' | [[Chayote]] | Sicyos edulis | Chayote | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q902623' | [[ChEBI]] | ChEBI | ChEBI | chemical database<br/>biological database<br/>domain ontology<br/>OBO Foundry ontology<br/>ELIXIR Core Data Resource | chemical database<br/>biological database<br/>domain ontology<br/>OBO Foundry ontology<br/>ELIXIR Core Data Resource |- class='wd_q194422' | [[Chinee alligator|Cheenese alligator]] | Chinese alligator | Chinee alligator | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8201' | [[Cheenese chairacter]] | Chinese characters | Cheenese chairacter | [[writin seestem]]<br/>logographic writing system<br/>natural writing system | writing system<br/>logographic writing system<br/>natural writing system |- class='wd_q10876842' | [[Cheenese cuisine]] | Chinese cuisine | Cheenese cuisine | national cuisine | national cuisine |- class='wd_q1074195' | [[Chinee goral|Cheenese goral]] | Chinese goral | Chinee goral | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23907' | [[cheetah]] | cheetah | Cheetah | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156807' | [[Chelidonium]] | Chelidonium majus | Chelidonium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1069352' | [[Chemin des Révoires]] | Chemin des Révoires | Chemin des Révoires | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>footpath<br/>path | mountain<br/>footpath<br/>path |- class='wd_q2795' | [[Chemnitz]] | Chemnitz | Chemnitz | major regional center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>urban district in Saxony | major regional center<br/>big city<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>urban district in Saxony |- class='wd_q181369' | [[Chen-Ning Yang]] | Chen-ning Yang | Chen-Ning Yang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12003' | [[Cher]] | Cher | Cher | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192457' | [[Cherenkov radiation]] | Cherenkov radiation | Cherenkov radiation | phenomenon | phenomenon |- class='wd_q157053' | [[Chernihiv]] | Chernihiv | Chernihiv | city of regional significance of Ukraine | city of regional significance of Ukraine |- class='wd_q33273' | [[Chewa leid]] | Chewa | Chewa leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q298' | [[Chile]] | Chile | Chile | [[kintra]]<br/>nation<br/>transcontinental country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic | country<br/>nation<br/>transcontinental country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic |- class='wd_q14081' | [[Chimborazo (volcano)|Chimborazo]] | Chimborazo | Chimborazo (volcano) | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]] | mountain<br/>stratovolcano |- class='wd_q192930' | [[Chinchilla]] | Chinchilla | Chinchilla | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5100937' | [[Chinese spirit possession]] | Chinese spirit possession | Chinese spirit possession | | |- class='wd_q10915' | [[Chordate|chordates]] | Q10915 | Chordate | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q54314' | [[Chris Hemsworth]] | Q54314 | Chris Hemsworth | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q641364' | [[Christenmas decorations]] | Christmas decoration | Christenmas decorations | | |- class='wd_q49762' | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] | Christian Democratic Union | Christian Democratic Union (Germany) | [[poleetical pairty]]<br/>political party in Germany<br/>fraternal party<br/>major party | political party<br/>political party in Germany<br/>fraternal party<br/>major party |- class='wd_q159694' | [[Christian Dior]] | Christian Dior | Christian Dior | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q184103' | [[Christina Ricci]] | Christina Ricci | Christina Ricci | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5118436' | [[Chvrches]] | Chvrches | Chvrches | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q130778' | [[Cicada|Cicadidae]] | Cicadidae | Cicada | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3406' | [[Cichlid|Cichlidae]] | Cichlidae | Cichlid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21716' | [[Ciconiiformes]] | Ciconiiformes | Ciconiiformes | monotypic taxon | monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q43196' | [[Cincinnati]] | Cincinnati | Cincinnati | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Ohio | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city of Ohio |- class='wd_q201831' | [[Cinclus cinclus]] | Cinclus cinclus | Cinclus cinclus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191753' | [[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]] | Cinderella | Cinderella (1950 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q27282' | [[Cinnamomum]] | Cinnamomum | Cinnamomum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q163955' | [[Circaea lutetiana]] | Circaea lutetiana | Circaea lutetiana | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q341600' | [[Cirsium arvense]] | Cirsium arvense | Cirsium arvense | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q392283' | [[Cirsium dissectum]] | Cirsium dissectum | Cirsium dissectum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1446001' | [[Cirsium heterophyllum]] | Cirsium heterophyllum | Cirsium heterophyllum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21177' | [[Cirsium vulgare]] | Cirsium vulgare | Cirsium vulgare | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q199728' | [[Cisalpine Gaul]] | Cisalpine Gaul | Cisalpine Gaul | Roman province | Roman province |- class='wd_q36678' | [[Wast Bank|Cisjordan]] | West Bank | Wast Bank | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q1093495' | [[Citroën U23]] | Citroën U23 | Citroën U23 | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q17507129' | [[Citrullus lanatus]] | watermelon | Citrullus lanatus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q81513' | [[Citrus]] | Citrus | Citrus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26590' | [[Ciudad Juárez]] | Ciudad Juárez | Ciudad Juárez | border city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>locality of Mexico | border city<br/>big city<br/>locality of Mexico |- class='wd_q11460' | [[Cleidin|claes]] | clothing | Cleidin | | |- class='wd_q404495' | [[Clan Broun]] | Clan Broun | Clan Broun | noble faimily | noble family |- class='wd_q1094925' | [[Clan Campbell]] | Clan Campbell | Clan Campbell | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q2167776' | [[Clan Douglas]] | Clan Douglas | Clan Douglas | noble faimily | noble family |- class='wd_q1094951' | [[Clan Gordon]] | Clan Gordon | Clan Gordon | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q247418' | [[Clan Hay]] | Clan Hay | Clan Hay | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q1094959' | [[Clan Lindsay]] | Clan Lindsay | Clan Lindsay | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q1651263' | [[Clan Stewart]] | Clan Stewart | Clan Stewart | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q5125614' | [[Clan Straiton]] | Clan Straiton | Clan Straiton | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q2978374' | [[Claude Érignac]] | Claude Érignac | Claude Érignac | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q228241' | [[Cleg]] | Tabanidae | Cleg | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q157634' | [[Clematis]] | Clematis | Clematis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q160100' | [[Clematis vitalba]] | Clematis vitalba | Clematis vitalba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q40003' | [[Cleopatra III o Egyp]] | Cleopatra III of Egypt | Cleopatra III o Egyp | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q635' | [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] | Cleopatra | Cleopatra | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q873072' | [[clitoris]] | clitoris | Clitoris | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q25327' | [[Coccinellidae|Clock leddy]] | Q25327 | Coccinellidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36135' | [[cloodit leopard]] | clouded leopard | Cloodit leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5135110' | [[Clootie dumplin]] | clootie dumpling | Clootie dumplin | | |- class='wd_q483639' | [[Cloud computing|cloud will]] | cloud computing | Cloud computing | | |- class='wd_q211931' | [[Co-operative Pairty]] | Co-operative Party | Co-operative Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q188047' | [[Coat o airms o Lithuanie]] | Coat of arms of Lithuania | Coat o airms o Lithuanie | national coat of arms | national coat of arms |- class='wd_q159543' | [[Clock leddy|Coccinella septempunctata]] | Coccinella septempunctata | Clock leddy | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183124' | [[Cochabamba]] | Cochabamba | Cochabamba | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q159831' | [[Cochlearia anglica]] | Cochlearia anglica | Cochlearia anglica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q855094' | [[Coenonympha pamphilus]] | Small Heath | Coenonympha pamphilus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156354' | [[Coffea]] | Coffea | Coffea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8486' | [[coffee]] | coffee | Coffee | | |- class='wd_q9885' | [[Coimbatore]] | Coimbatore | Coimbatore | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q17621225' | [[Colchagua (histerical province)]] | Colchagua Province | Colchagua (histerical province) | province of Chile | province of Chile |- class='wd_q388435' | [[College Park, Georgie|College Park]] | College Park | College Park, Georgie | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>municipality of Georgia | city in the United States<br/>municipality of Georgia |- class='wd_q10285' | [[Colosseum]] | Colosseum | Colosseum | stadium<br/>archaeological site<br/>Italian national museum<br/>Roman amphitheatre<br/>historical civil building museum<br/>archaeological artifact museum<br/>Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture<br/>roman ruins | stadium<br/>archaeological site<br/>Italian national museum<br/>Roman amphitheatre<br/>historical civil building museum<br/>archaeological artifact museum<br/>Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture<br/>roman ruins |- class='wd_q133696' | [[colour blindness]] | color blindness | Colour blindness | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q182751' | [[Colubridae]] | Q182751 | Colubridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q106922' | [[Columbus]] | Columbus | Columbus | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q937876' | [[Comarques o Catalonie]] | comarca of Catalonia | Comarques o Catalonie | | |- class='wd_q909434' | [[Combustion chamber]] | combustion chamber | Combustion chamber | | |- class='wd_q860390' | [[Commer]] | Commer | Commer | automobile manufacturer<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | automobile manufacturer<br/>business |- class='wd_q81110' | [[common cairp]] | Cyprinus carpio | Common cairp | [[taxon]]<br/>fractional spawner | taxon<br/>fractional spawner |- class='wd_q12125' | [[common cauld]] | common cold | Common cauld | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q18845' | [[Common cuckoo|Common Cuckoo]] | Common Cuckoo | Common cuckoo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q161416' | [[Common dugwid|Common Dugwid]] | Cornus sanguinea | Common dugwid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216815' | [[common eland]] | common eland | Common eland | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27465' | [[Common frog]] | Common frog | Common frog | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q911786' | [[Common garter snake|Common Garter Snake]] | common garter snake | Common garter snake | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q586594' | [[common stingray]] | common stingray | Common stingray | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7779' | [[Commonweel o Independent States]] | Commonwealth of Independent States | Commonweel o Independent States | intergovrenmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>commonwealth<br/>nationality for sports | intergovernmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>commonwealth<br/>nationality for sports |- class='wd_q11024' | [[communication]] | communication | Communication | social behaviour<br/>social skill<br/>academic discipline<br/>type of process<br/>type of interaction | social behavior<br/>social skill<br/>academic discipline<br/>type of process<br/>type of interaction |- class='wd_q40591' | [[Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto seal]] | The Communist Manifesto | Communist Manifesto | manifesto<br/>leeterary wirk | manifesto<br/>literary work |- class='wd_q130880' | [[Compsognathus]] | Compsognathus | Compsognathus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q22657' | [[concrete]] | concrete | Concrete | | |- class='wd_q147298' | [[cone cell]] | cone cell | Cone cell | cell type<br/>retinal cell | cell type<br/>retinal cell |- class='wd_q81931' | [[Confederate States o Americae]] | Confederate States of America | Confederate States o Americae | historical unrecognized state | historical unrecognized state |- class='wd_q9626' | [[Tory an Unionist Pairty|Conservative Pairty]] | Conservative Party | Tory an Unionist Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q216980' | [[Constantine P. Cavafy]] | Konstantinos P. Cavafy | Constantine P. Cavafy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8413' | [[Constantine the Great]] | Constantine the Great | Constantine the Great | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26718' | [[Continental Congress]] | Continental Congress | Continental Congress | unicameral legislature | unicameral legislature |- class='wd_q192299' | [[Coonties o Norawa]] | county of Norway | Coonties o Norawa | admeenistrative diveesion | administrative territorial entity |- class='wd_q171809' | [[Coonties o Ingland|coonty o Ingland]] | county of England | Coonties o Ingland | | |- class='wd_q753' | [[Capper|copper]] | copper | Capper | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>chalcophile element<br/>simple substance | chemical element<br/>chalcophile element<br/>simple substance |- class='wd_q484131' | [[Coraciiformes]] | Coraciiformes | Coraciiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171446' | [[coral]] | coral | Coral | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q169973' | [[Coriolis force]] | Coriolis force | Coriolis force | scientific theory | scientific theory |- class='wd_q347404' | [[Cork]] | Cork | Cork | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1134583' | [[Coronaviridae]] | Coronaviridae | Coronaviridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q84263196' | [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]] | COVID-19 | COVID-19 | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q187024' | [[corsac tod]] | corsac fox | Corsac tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q124969' | [[Corylus avellana]] | Corylus avellana | Corylus avellana | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48544' | [[Cosimo de' Medici]] | Cosimo de' Medici | Cosimo de' Medici | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45382' | [[coup d'état]] | coup d'état | Coup d'état | | |- class='wd_q44299' | [[coyote]] | coyote | Coyote | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q84149' | [[Craniate]] | Q84149 | Craniate | clade | clade |- class='wd_q155938' | [[Crassulaceae]] | Crassulaceae | Crassulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q126256' | [[craw-nebs]] | Anthyllis vulneraria | Craw-nebs | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q111059' | [[Creetical pynt (thermodynamics)|creetical pynt]] | critical point | Creetical pynt (thermodynamics) | | |- class='wd_q1840756' | [[Crested clagbird]] | Crested Bellbird | Crested clagbird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26017' | [[Crex crex]] | Corn Crake | Crex crex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5185548' | [[Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980]] | Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 | Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 | Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom | Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q33666' | [[Crinoid]] | Crinoidea | Crinoid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11571' | [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] | Cristiano Ronaldo | Cristiano Ronaldo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2658232' | [[Cristina Calderón]] | Cristina Calderón | Cristina Calderón | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q134479' | [[Croatie naitional fitbaw team|Croatie naitional fitbaa team]] | Croatia men's national football team | Croatie naitional fitbaw team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q25363' | [[Crocodilia]] | Crocodilia | Crocodilia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43169' | [[Crocodylidae]] | Crocodile | Crocodylidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15212096' | [[Cruachan Dam]] | Cruachan Power Station | Cruachan Dam | pumped-storage power station | pumped-storage power station |- class='wd_q1107181' | [[cruiner]] | grey gurnard | Cruiner | [[fish]]<br/>[[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | fish<br/>taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q46135' | [[Créteil]] | Créteil | Créteil | [[ceety]]<br/>commune o Fraunce | city<br/>commune of France |- class='wd_q183364' | [[Cuculiformes]] | Cuculiformes | Cuculiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23425' | [[Cucumber]] | Cucumis sativus | Cucumber | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148758' | [[Cucumis]] | Cucumis | Cucumis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5339301' | [[Cucurbita]] | Cucurbita | Cucurbita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8314' | [[Cucurbitaceae]] | Cucurbitaceae | Cucurbitaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21875' | [[Cucurbitales]] | Cucurbitales | Cucurbitales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19707' | [[Cuddie]] | donkey | Cuddie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192914' | [[Cult o personality]] | cult of personality | Cult o personality | | |- class='wd_q28598' | [[Cultural anthropologie|Cultural Antropologie]] | cultural anthropology | Cultural anthropologie | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q132624' | [[cumin]] | Cuminum cyminum | Cumin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25577567' | [[Cyanobacteria]] | Cyanobacteriota | Cyanobacteria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q161517' | [[Cycas revoluta]] | Cycas revoluta | Cycas revoluta | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q152314' | [[Cyclone Nargis]] | Cyclone Nargis | Cyclone Nargis | [[cyclone]] | cyclone |- class='wd_q30066' | [[Cyclopterus lumpus]] | Cyclopterus lumpus | Cyclopterus lumpus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43300' | [[Cydonia oblonga]] | Cydonia oblonga | Cydonia oblonga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q953477' | [[Cylinder block]] | cylinder block | Cylinder block | physical technological component | physical technological component |- class='wd_q164270' | [[Cymbalaria muralis]] | Cymbalaria muralis | Cymbalaria muralis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q381584' | [[Cynoglossum officinale]] | Cynoglossum officinale | Cynoglossum officinale | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q155843' | [[Cyperaceae]] | Cyperaceae | Cyperaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q35047' | [[Cyprinidae]] | Cyprinidae | Cyprinidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q177879' | [[Cypriniformes]] | Cypriniformes | Cypriniformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8209' | [[Cyrillic script]] | Cyrillic script | Cyrillic script | [[writin seestem]] | writing system |- class='wd_q964233' | [[D. E. Stevenson]] | D. E. Stevenson | D. E. Stevenson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q238593' | [[D.C. United]] | D.C. United | D.C. United | association fitbaa club<br/>[[Fitbaw team|fitbaa team]] | association football club<br/>association football team |- class='wd_q25282' | [[Da Nang]] | Da Nang | Da Nang | [[ceety]]<br/>Municipalities o Vietnam<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>centrally-governed cities of Vietnam<br/>big city |- class='wd_q29099' | [[Dachshund]] | dachshund | Dachshund | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q161735' | [[Dactylis glomerata]] | Dactylis glomerata | Dactylis glomerata | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q494447' | [[Daewoo Espero]] | Daewoo Espero | Daewoo Espero | car model | car model |- class='wd_q494469' | [[Daewoo Magnus]] | Daewoo Magnus | Daewoo Magnus | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1151620' | [[DAF 600]] | DAF 600 | DAF 600 | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1157579' | [[Daihatsu Taft]] | Daihatsu Taft | Daihatsu Taft | car model | car model |- class='wd_q355388' | [[Dale Earnhardt, Jr.|Dale Earnhardt]] | Dale Earnhardt Jr. | Dale Earnhardt, Jr. | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17504' | [[Dalmatian (dug)|Dalmatian]] | Dalmatian | Dalmatian (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q328153' | [[Damanhur]] | Damanhur | Damanhur | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q3766' | [[Damascus]] | Damascus | Damascus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>auncient ceety<br/>populated place in Syria<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>big city<br/>ancient city<br/>populated place in Syria<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q189383' | [[Damietta]] | Damietta | Damietta | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1067' | [[Dante Alighieri]] | Dante Alighieri | Dante Alighieri | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q733120' | [[Darwin's rhea]] | Lesser Rhea | Darwin's rhea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5211618' | [[Darymple]] | Dalrymple | Darymple | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q213333' | [[Dasyuromorphia]] | Dasyuromorphia | Dasyuromorphia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36760' | [[David IV o Georgie]] | David IV of Georgia | David IV o Georgie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188792' | [[David Schwimmer]] | David Schwimmer | David Schwimmer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q430464' | [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]] | Dearborn | Dearborn, Michigan | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q4610' | [[decapoda]] | Q4610 | Decapoda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191637' | [[decay product]] | decay product | Decay product | | |- class='wd_q169759' | [[Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen]] | Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen | [[document]]<br/>declaration | document<br/>declaration |- class='wd_q608613' | [[decline o the Roman Empire]] | fall of the western Roman Empire | Decline o the Roman Empire | decadence<br/>dissolution of an administrative territorial entity | decadence<br/>dissolution of an administrative territorial entity |- class='wd_q14405' | [[Deinonychus]] | Deinonychus | Deinonychus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q215519' | [[Democratic Unionist Party|Democratic Unionist Pairty]] | Democratic Unionist Party | Democratic Unionist Party | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q130018' | [[Denali]] | Q130018 | Denali | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q16554' | [[Denver]] | Denver | Denver | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty<br/>municipality of Colorado | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county<br/>municipality of Colorado |- class='wd_q734273' | [[Derek Riordan]] | Derek Riordan | Derek Riordan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1200131' | [[Derek Shulman]] | Derek Shulman | Derek Shulman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17278086' | [[Descendants (2015 film)|Descendants]] | Descendants | Descendants (2015 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q26154237' | [[Descendants 2]] | Descendants 2 | Descendants 2 | television film | television film |- class='wd_q216888' | [[Destricts o Luxembourg]] | district of Luxembourg | Destricts o Luxembourg | type of administrative division of Luxembourg | type of administrative division of Luxembourg |- class='wd_q177323' | [[developin kintra]] | developing country | Developin kintra | geographic region<br/>place | region<br/>geographic location |- class='wd_q1133406' | [[DevilDriver]] | DevilDriver | DevilDriver | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q1156998' | [[Devourment]] | Devourment | Devourment | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q1354' | [[Dhaka]] | Dhaka | Dhaka | admeenistrative diveesion<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>financial center<br/>largest city | administrative territorial entity<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>financial center<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q9685' | [[Diana, Princess o Wales]] | Diana, Princess of Wales | Diana, Princess o Wales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156099' | [[Dianthus]] | Dianthus | Dianthus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q162678' | [[Diatom|Diatomea]] | Diatomea | Diatom | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q189388' | [[didgeridoo]] | didgeridoo | Didgeridoo | type of musical instrument | type of musical instrument |- class='wd_q258115' | [[Diego Simeone]] | Diego Simeone | Diego Simeone | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174174' | [[diesel ingine]] | diesel engine | Diesel ingine | | |- class='wd_q34336' | [[Diesel locomotive]] | diesel locomotive | Diesel locomotive | [[locomotive]] | locomotive |- class='wd_q25670' | [[Digital object identifier]] | digital object identifier | Digital object identifier | persistent identifier<br/>publication identifier | persistent identifier<br/>publication identifier |- class='wd_q157555' | [[Digitalis purpurea]] | Digitalis purpurea | Digitalis purpurea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216263' | [[dik-dik]] | Madoqua | Dik-dik | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q755714' | [[Dikarya]] | Q755714 | Dikarya | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38584' | [[dingo]] | dingo | Dingo | [[taxon]]<br/>dog breed<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | taxon<br/>dog breed<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q2740164' | [[Dinosauriformes]] | Q2740164 | Dinosauriformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171241' | [[Diodorus Siculus]] | Diodorus Siculus | Diodorus Siculus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q14330' | [[Diplodocus]] | Diplodocus | Diplodocus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q273071' | [[Dipodidae]] | Dipodidae | Dipodidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26332' | [[Diprotodontia|Diprotodont]] | Diprotodontia | Diprotodontia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21774' | [[Dipsacales]] | Dipsacales | Dipsacales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q580593' | [[Dipterocarpaceae]] | Dipterocarpaceae | Dipterocarpaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q456226' | [[Direct Rail Services]] | Direct Rail Services | Direct Rail Services | [[Business|buisiness]]<br/>Train operatin company | business<br/>train operating company |- class='wd_q2020424' | [[Dirleton]] | Dirleton | Dirleton | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q12136' | [[Dishailth|disease]] | disease | Dishailth | first-order class<br/>type of condition | first-order class<br/>type of condition |- class='wd_q1459069' | [[distributor]] | distributor | Distributor | device<br/>automotive part | device<br/>automotive part |- class='wd_q10244' | [[Diwali|Divali]] | Diwali | Diwali | festival<br/>[[haliday]] | festival<br/>holiday |- class='wd_q38358' | [[Doberman Pinscher]] | Dobermann | Doberman Pinscher | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q202504' | [[doiterel]] | Eurasian Dotterel | Doiterel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14083' | [[Dollar (siller)|dollar]] | dollar | Dollar (siller) | economic term | economic term |- class='wd_q171433' | [[Dolly (sheep)|Dolly]] | Dolly the Sheep | Dolly (sheep) | ewe<br/>individual animal<br/>cloned mammal | ewe<br/>individual animal<br/>cloned mammal |- class='wd_q787' | [[Domestic pig]] | pig | Domestic pig | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q784' | [[Dominica]] | Dominica | Dominica | [[kintra]]<br/>island country<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>island country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q131479' | [[Dominican Order]] | Dominican Order | Dominican Order | mendicant order<br/>organization<br/>first order | mendicant order<br/>organization<br/>first order |- class='wd_q80905' | [[Donald A. Glaser]] | Donald Arthur Glaser | Donald A. Glaser | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22686' | [[Donald Trump]] | Q22686 | Donald Trump | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q331031' | [[Dora the Explorer]] | Dora the Explorer | Dora the Explorer | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q206405' | [[Douglas Osheroff]] | Douglas Osheroff | Douglas Osheroff | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q24039769' | [[Douglas Ross]] | Douglas Ross | Douglas Ross | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q13560423' | [[Dove Cameron]] | Dove Cameron | Dove Cameron | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q47715' | [[Down syndrome|Down's syndrome]] | Down syndrome | Down syndrome | disability<br/>type of disease | disability<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q2215877' | [[Downtown Miami]] | Downtown Miami | Downtown Miami | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district | neighborhood<br/>central business district |- class='wd_q212715' | [[DragonForce]] | DragonForce | DragonForce | rock baund | rock band |- class='wd_q25372' | [[Drama]] | drama | Drama | literary mode<br/>special field<br/>literary form<br/>academic discipline | literary mode<br/>field of study<br/>literary form<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q1629859' | [[Drax pouer station]] | Drax power station | Drax pouer station | biomass-fired power station | biomass-fired power station |- class='wd_q71516' | [[dromedary]] | Camelus dromedarius | Dromedary | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156185' | [[Droseraceae]] | Droseraceae | Droseraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q981816' | [[Dublin, Texas|Dublin]] | Dublin | Dublin, Texas | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q1722' | [[Dubrovnik]] | Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik | port ceety<br/>ceety o Croatie | port city<br/>town in Croatia |- class='wd_q129544' | [[Dugong]] | dugong | Dugong | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4810109' | [[Dujail Massacre]] | Dujail Massacre | Dujail Massacre | massacre | massacre |- class='wd_q91818' | [[dun]] | dun | Dun | | |- class='wd_q580502' | [[Duncan Shearer]] | Duncan Shearer | Duncan Shearer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q867610' | [[Dundee cake]] | Dundee cake | Dundee cake | | |- class='wd_q1466274' | [[Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station]] | Dungeness Nuclear Power Station | Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station | set of physical objects | set of physical objects |- class='wd_q651981' | [[Dáil Éireann]] | Dáil Éireann | Dáil Éireann | lawer chamber<br/>elected legislative house | lower house<br/>elected legislative house |- class='wd_q111471' | [[Dál Riata]] | Dál Riata | Dál Riata | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q704041' | [[Eason Chan]] | Eason Chan | Eason Chan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q792143' | [[East African oryx]] | East African oryx | East African oryx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16957' | [[East Germany]] | German Democratic Republic | East Germany | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q171323' | [[East Thrace]] | East Thrace | East Thrace | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q122563' | [[Eau Claire, Wisconsin|Eau Claire]] | Eau Claire | Eau Claire, Wisconsin | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>seicont-class ceety | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>second-class city |- class='wd_q156669' | [[Ebenaceae]] | Ebenaceae | Ebenaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q51993' | [[Ebola virus disease]] | Ebola hemorrhagic fever | Ebola virus disease | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q239107' | [[Edfu]] | Edfu | Edfu | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q16380756' | [[Edgar Housepian]] | Edgar Housepian | Edgar Housepian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q76749' | [[Edith Stein]] | Edith Stein | Edith Stein | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5236' | [[Edward II o Ingland]] | Edward II of England | Edward II o Ingland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q728039' | [[Edwyn Collins]] | Edwyn Collins | Edwyn Collins | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2994343' | [[Economic an Social Cooncil|Eeconomic an Social Cooncil (Côte d'Ivoire)]] | Economic and Social Council (Ivory Coast) | Economic an Social Cooncil | govrenment agency | government agency |- class='wd_q154934' | [[Egbert o Wessex]] | Ecgberht | Egbert o Wessex | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1274604' | [[EGP-6]] | EGP-6 | EGP-6 | light water graphite reactor | light water graphite reactor |- class='wd_q4117865' | [[Egyp–Turkey relations]] | Egypt–Turkey relations | Egyp–Turkey relations | bilateral relation | bilateral relation |- class='wd_q134762' | [[Eilat]] | Eilat | Eilat | emporium<br/>city council | emporium<br/>city council |- class='wd_q1111' | [[Electric chairge|electric charge]] | electric charge | Electric chairge | | |- class='wd_q189511' | [[electronic cigarette]] | electronic cigarette | Electronic cigarette | | |- class='wd_q11344' | [[Chemical element|element]] | chemical element | Chemical element | group or class of chemical substances<br/>second-order class | group or class of chemical substances<br/>second-order class |- class='wd_q232680' | [[Elena Baltacha]] | Elena Baltacha | Elena Baltacha | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q173115' | [[Elio de Angelis]] | Elio de Angelis | Elio de Angelis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10633' | [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] | Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1331219' | [[Elizabeth Hamilton (writer)|Elizabeth Hamilton]] | Elizabeth Hamilton | Elizabeth Hamilton (writer) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q130752' | [[Elizabeth o Roushie]] | Elizabeth I of Russia | Elizabeth o Roushie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q317521' | [[Elon Musk]] | Elon Musk | Elon Musk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5367589' | [[Elsie Inglis]] | Elsie Inglis | Elsie Inglis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q852573' | [[Elvenking]] | Elvenking | Elvenking | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q28486' | [[Emberizidae]] | Emberizidae | Emberizidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201128' | [[Emblem o Turkmenistan]] | emblem of Turkmenistan | Emblem o Turkmenistan | national coat of arms | national coat of arms |- class='wd_q1263' | [[Emilia-Romagna]] | Emilia-Romagna | Emilia-Romagna | [[regions o Italy]] | region of Italy |- class='wd_q188939' | [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] | Emilio Aguinaldo | Emilio Aguinaldo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q238445' | [[Emirate o Granada]] | Emirate of Granada | Emirate o Granada | Emirate<br/>historical state<br/>sultanate | Emirate<br/>historical country<br/>sultanate |- class='wd_q39476' | [[Emma Watson]] | Q39476 | Emma Watson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9722' | [[Emperor Ruizong o Tang]] | Emperor Ruizong of Tang | Emperor Ruizong o Tang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q93208' | [[emu]] | Emu | Emu | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26696' | [[ennet]] | Common Eider | Ennet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8753' | [[Enrico Fermi]] | Enrico Fermi | Enrico Fermi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1447266' | [[Envigado]] | Envigado | Envigado | [[Municipalities o Colombie]] | municipality of Colombia |- class='wd_q41571' | [[epilepsy]] | epilepsy | Epilepsy | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q682443' | [[Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States)|Episcopal Kirk]] | Episcopal Church | Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States) | voluntary association<br/>nan-profit organisation<br/>Christian denomination<br/>Episcopal Church | voluntary association<br/>nonprofit organization<br/>Christian denomination<br/>Episcopal Church |- class='wd_q643657' | [[EPR (nuclear reactor)|EPR]] | European Pressurized Reactor | EPR (nuclear reactor) | [[Generation III reactor]] | Generation III reactor |- class='wd_q28114' | [[Equisetum]] | Equisetum | Equisetum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184674' | [[erectile dysfunction]] | erectile dysfunction | Erectile dysfunction | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q3056695' | [[Erlend Haraldsson]] | Erlend Haraldsson | Erlend Haraldsson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9123' | [[Ernest Rutherford]] | Ernest Rutherford | Ernest Rutherford | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q121973' | [[Eros]] | Eros | Eros | personification<br/>Greek primordial deities<br/>fertility deity<br/>Greek deity | personification<br/>Greek primordial deity<br/>fertility deity<br/>Greek deity |- class='wd_q25419' | [[Escherichia coli]] | Escherichia coli | Escherichia coli | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q3649072' | [[Eshera]] | Eshera | Eshera | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q10980893' | [[Esk]] | newt | Esk | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q1015463' | [[Ettadhamen-Mnihla]] | Ettadhamen-Mnihla | Ettadhamen-Mnihla | municipality of Tunisia | municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q45669' | [[Eucalyptus]] | Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8747' | [[Euclid]] | Euclid | Euclid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q165468' | [[Eudicots]] | Q165468 | Eudicots | clade | clade |- class='wd_q188622' | [[Eunectes]] | Anaconda | Eunectes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2752642' | [[Euornithes]] | Euornithes | Euornithes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8919' | [[European Atomic Energy Commonty]] | European Atomic Energy Community | European Atomic Energy Commonty | organization<br/>international organization<br/>regional organization | organization<br/>international organization<br/>regional organization |- class='wd_q161549' | [[European Coal an Steel Commonty]] | European Coal and Steel Community | European Coal an Steel Commonty | regional organization | regional organization |- class='wd_q183191' | [[European Convention on Human Richts]] | European Convention on Human Rights | European Convention on Human Richts | international human rights instrument<br/>Council of Europe treaty | international human rights instrument<br/>Council of Europe treaty |- class='wd_q122880' | [[European Coort o Human Richts]] | European Court of Human Rights | European Coort o Human Richts | international court | international court |- class='wd_q26559' | [[European mink]] | Mustela lutreola | European mink | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q300955' | [[European sea sturgeon]] | European sea sturgeon | European sea sturgeon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q612943' | [[European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5]] | European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5 | European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5 | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q458' | [[European Union]] | European Union | European Union | [[confederation]]<br/>supranational union<br/>regional organization<br/>political economic union | confederation<br/>supranational union<br/>regional organization<br/>political economic union |- class='wd_q42410' | [[Evo Morales]] | Evo Morales | Evo Morales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q107411' | [[Eyster]] | oyster | Eyster | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group |- class='wd_q21878' | [[Fabales]] | Q21878 | Fabales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21881' | [[Fagales]] | Q21881 | Fagales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5430546' | [[Fairlie, North Ayrshire|Fairlie]] | Fairlie | Fairlie, North Ayrshire | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q9648' | [[Fauklan Isles|falkland islands]] | Falkland Islands | Fauklan Isles | [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territories]] | British Overseas Territories |- class='wd_q1233836' | [[Fallopian tube]] | fallopian tube | Fallopian tube | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q59148' | [[Famagusta Destrict]] | Famagusta District | Famagusta Destrict | [[Destricts o Cyprus]] | district of Cyprus |- class='wd_q17459' | [[Fandom (wabsteid)|Fandom]] | Q17459 | Fandom (wabsteid) | wiki hosting service<br/>web hosting service<br/>MediaWiki steid | wiki hosting service<br/>web hosting service<br/>MediaWiki wiki |- class='wd_q223179' | [[Faroese fowk]] | Faroese | Faroese fowk | [[population]] | human population |- class='wd_q127980' | [[fat]] | fat | Fat | nutrient group | nutrient group |- class='wd_q321061' | [[FC Sion]] | FC Sion | FC Sion | association fitbaa club<br/>sports club | association football club<br/>sports club |- class='wd_q42602' | [[Felinae]] | Felinae | Felinae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q208373' | [[female genital mittlin]] | female genital mutilation | Female genital mittlin | ritual<br/>violence against women | ritual<br/>violence against women |- class='wd_q131564' | [[fennec tod]] | Vulpes zerda | Fennec tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q75780' | [[Ferdinand von Zeppelin]] | Ferdinand von Zeppelin | Ferdinand von Zeppelin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2576842' | [[Ferrari 166 Inter]] | Ferrari 166 Inter | Ferrari 166 Inter | car model | car model |- class='wd_q3405025' | [[Ffa Coffi Pawb]] | Ffa Coffi Pawb | Ffa Coffi Pawb | muisical ensemble | musical ensemble |- class='wd_q216517' | [[Fianna Fáil]] | Fianna Fáil | Fianna Fáil | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q59798' | [[Ficus]] | Ficus | Ficus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185674' | [[Field (pheesics)|field]] | field | Field (pheesics) | concept in physics | concept in physics |- class='wd_q253414' | [[FIFA]] | FIFA | FIFA | nan-profit organisation<br/>association football federation<br/>international sport governing body<br/>metaorganization | nonprofit organization<br/>association football federation<br/>international sport governing body<br/>metaorganization |- class='wd_q125351662' | [[FIFA Men's World Ranking]] | FIFA Men's World Rankings | FIFA Men's World Ranking | ranking | ranking |- class='wd_q599301' | [[Financial District, San Francisco|Financial District]] | Financial District | Financial District, San Francisco | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood in San Francisco | neighborhood<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood in San Francisco |- class='wd_q5997' | [[fine-structur constant]] | fine-structure constant | Fine-structur constant | dimensionless quantity<br/>[[Physical constant|pheesical constant]]<br/>coupling constant | dimensionless quantity<br/>physical constant<br/>coupling constant |- class='wd_q5450695' | [[Finnan haddie]] | Finnan haddie | Finnan haddie | [[fuid]] | food |- class='wd_q33328' | [[Finnic leids]] | Finnic | Finnic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q1412' | [[Finnish leid|Finnish]] | Finnish | Finnish leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q25519942' | [[Firmicutes]] | Bacillota | Firmicutes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q29269' | [[First Chechen War]] | First Chechen War | First Chechen War | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q7166256' | [[First Lady o the Unitit States]] | First Lady of the United States | First Lady o the Unitit States | title<br/>poseetion | title<br/>position |- class='wd_q152' | [[fish]] | fish | Fish | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group |- class='wd_q2736' | [[Fitba|fitbaa]] | association football | Fitba | type o sport<br/>[[habby]]<br/>Olympic sport<br/>team sport<br/>spectator sport | type of sport<br/>hobby<br/>Olympic sport<br/>team sport<br/>spectator sport |- class='wd_q242115' | [[Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period]] | Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period | Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period | decad<br/>historical state<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>group<br/>pentad | decad<br/>historical country<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>group<br/>pentad |- class='wd_q59577' | [[flatfish]] | Pleuronectiformes | Flatfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5401971' | [[fleein saucer]] | flying saucer | Fleein saucer | | |- class='wd_q776670' | [[Florida panther]] | Florida panther | Florida panther | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25314' | [[flouerin plant]] | Q25314 | Flouerin plant | clade | clade |- class='wd_q318588' | [[FN P90]] | FN P90 | FN P90 | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q27671' | [[FN SCAR]] | SCAR | FN SCAR | firearm family | firearm family |- class='wd_q107027' | [[Foraminifera]] | Foraminifera | Foraminifera | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5467258' | [[Forbes Masson]] | Forbes Masson | Forbes Masson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1436754' | [[Ford Comète]] | Ford Comète | Ford Comète | car model | car model |- class='wd_q3866345' | [[Ford flatheid V8 ingine]] | Ford flathead V8 engine | Ford flatheid V8 ingine | ingine faimily | engine family |- class='wd_q52628184' | [[Ford V-8]] | Ford V-8 | Ford V-8 | | |- class='wd_q1437035' | [[Ford Vedette]] | Ford Vedette | Ford Vedette | car model | car model |- class='wd_q26896' | [[foumaw]] | Northern Fulmar | Foumaw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148' | [[Republic o the Fowk o Cheena|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] | People's Republic of China | Republic o the Fowk o Cheena | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q208258' | [[France Gall]] | France Gall | France Gall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q450675' | [[Pape Francis|Francis]] | Pope Francis | Pape Francis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3046878' | [[Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Kirk o Scotland]] | Free Church of Scotland | Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900) | Christian Church | Christian Church |- class='wd_q49220' | [[Fremont, Californie|Fremont]] | Fremont | Fremont, Californie | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>sanctuary city<br/>city of California | big city<br/>sanctuary city<br/>city of California |- class='wd_q30971' | [[French Polynesie]] | French Polynesia | French Polynesie | French owerseas collectivity | overseas collectivity of France |- class='wd_q72292' | [[Fridtjof Nansen]] | Fridtjof Nansen | Fridtjof Nansen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22670' | [[Friedrich Schiller]] | Friedrich Schiller | Friedrich Schiller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q128269' | [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]] | Frisco | Frisco, Texas | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q192534' | [[Fuerteventura]] | Fuerteventura | Fuerteventura | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q853718' | [[Fun and Fancy Free]] | Fun and Fancy Free | Fun and Fancy Free | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q34750' | [[Fuxin]] | Fuxin | Fuxin | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q991' | [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] | Fyodor Dostoyevsky | Fyodor Dostoyevsky | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q40349' | [[Gagra Destrict]] | Gagra District | Gagra Destrict | district of Abkhazia | district of Abkhazia |- class='wd_q124946' | [[gairdenin]] | gardening | Gairdenin | [[habby]]<br/>branch of agriculture | hobby<br/>branch of agriculture |- class='wd_q9307' | [[Galicie leid|Galicie]] | Galician | Galicie leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q309467' | [[Gallimimus]] | Gallimimus | Gallimimus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q23572' | [[Game of Thrones]] | Game of Thrones | Game of Thrones | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q11523' | [[gamma ray]] | gamma ray | Gamma ray | [[electromagnetic radiation]] | electromagnetic radiation |- class='wd_q8010' | [[Ganger crossin]] | pedestrian crossing | Ganger crossin | | |- class='wd_q1366959' | [[Garda Síochána]] | Garda Síochána | Garda Síochána | [[polis]]<br/>national police | police<br/>national police |- class='wd_q184586' | [[Gareth Bale]] | Gareth Bale | Gareth Bale | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q643373' | [[garfish]] | Garfish | Garfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5524423' | [[Gartnait, Yerl o Mar]] | Gartnait, Earl of Mar | Gartnait, Yerl o Mar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q182333' | [[gas constant]] | molar gas constant | Gas constant | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant |- class='wd_q193470' | [[gas turbine]] | gas turbine | Gas turbine | | |- class='wd_q187138' | [[Gasherbrum I]] | Gasherbrum | Gasherbrum I | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q186853' | [[Gasherbrum II]] | Gasherbrum II | Gasherbrum II | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q174296' | [[Gaur]] | Bos gaurus | Gaur | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9441' | [[Gautama Buddha]] | The Buddha | Gautama Buddha | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q190858' | [[Gazelle|Gazella]] | Gazella | Gazelle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q775' | [[Gelderland]] | Gelderland | Gelderland | [[Provinces o the Netherlands]] | province of the Netherlands |- class='wd_q207043' | [[Gemsbok]] | Gemsbok | Gemsbok | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q81965' | [[General Motors]] | General Motors | General Motors | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>business |- class='wd_q213381' | [[generation]] | generation | Generation | | |- class='wd_q976748' | [[Generation III reactor]] | Generation III reactor | Generation III reactor | nuclear reactor generation | nuclear reactor generation |- class='wd_q71' | [[Geneva]] | Geneva | Geneva | municipality o Swisserland<br/>college toun<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>cantonal caipital o Swisserland<br/>city of Switzerland | municipality of Switzerland<br/>college town<br/>big city<br/>cantonal capital of Switzerland<br/>city of Switzerland |- class='wd_q680916' | [[Gentbrugge]] | Gentbrugge | Gentbrugge | municipality section | municipality section |- class='wd_q5683' | [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] | Geoffrey Chaucer | Geoffrey Chaucer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q136736' | [[Geographic Names Information System]] | Geographic Names Information System | Geographic Names Information System | online database<br/>geographical names database | online database<br/>geographical names database |- class='wd_q653421' | [[Geordie]] | Geordie | Geordie | [[Byleid|dialect]] | dialect |- class='wd_q9235' | [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5535907' | [[George (dug)|George]] | George | George (dug) | [[dug]] | dog |- class='wd_q3078573' | [[George Campbell Hay]] | George Campbell Hay | George Campbell Hay | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5540112' | [[George H. W. Bush bowkin incident]] | George H. W. Bush vomiting incident | George H. W. Bush bowkin incident | vomitin | vomiting |- class='wd_q368519' | [[George MacDonald]] | George MacDonald | George MacDonald | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q434118' | [[George Pell]] | George Pell | George Pell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181677' | [[George R. R. Martin]] | George R. R. Martin | George R. R. Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q269412' | [[George V]] | George V | George V | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q296898' | [[George Washington Carver]] | George Washington Carver | George Washington Carver | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q208112' | [[gerenuk]] | gerenuk | Gerenuk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q56039' | [[German reunification]] | German reunification | German reunification | poleetical union<br/>reunion | political union<br/>reunion |- class='wd_q42884' | [[Germans]] | Germans | Germans | nation<br/>[[population]]<br/>[[ethnic group]] | nation<br/>human population<br/>ethnic group |- class='wd_q183' | [[Germany]] | Germany | Germany | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q156844' | [[Getúlio Vargas]] | Getúlio Vargas | Getúlio Vargas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157407' | [[Geum urbanum]] | Geum urbanum | Geum urbanum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q22169' | [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]] | GNU Free Documentation License | GNU Free Documentation License | copyleft license | copyleft license |- class='wd_q45529' | [[ghaist]] | ghost | Ghaist | | |- class='wd_q17134' | [[gharial]] | Gharial | Gharial | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q180415' | [[Ghazni Province]] | Ghazni Province | Ghazni Province | [[Provinces o Afghanistan]] | province of Afghanistan |- class='wd_q1296' | [[Ghent]] | Ghent | Ghent | municipality o Belgium<br/>carfree city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>Belgian municipality wi ceety privileges | municipality of Belgium<br/>carfree city<br/>big city<br/>Belgian municipality with the title of city |- class='wd_q65324805' | [[Gie wey sign]] | Q65324805 | Gie wey sign | | |- class='wd_q21997528' | [[Gilderoy]] | Gilderoy | Gilderoy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43284' | [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]] | Ginkgo biloba | Ginkgo biloba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15083' | [[giraffe]] | northern giraffe | Giraffe | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q50005' | [[Giulio Andreotti]] | Giulio Andreotti | Giulio Andreotti | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192131' | [[Giuseppe Meazza]] | Giuseppe Meazza | Giuseppe Meazza | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2920231' | [[Givat Washington]] | Givat Washington | Givat Washington | nan-profit organisation<br/>college<br/>human settlement | nonprofit organization<br/>college<br/>human settlement |- class='wd_q156207' | [[Gladiolus]] | Gladiolus | Gladiolus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q372311' | [[Glenn Close]] | Glenn Close | Glenn Close | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2341962' | [[Glossary o rail transport terms]] | glossary of rail transport terms | Glossary o rail transport terms | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q40807' | [[God Save the King]] | God Save the King | God Save the King | [[Naitional anthem]]<br/>musical work/composition | national anthem<br/>musical work/composition |- class='wd_q2875' | [[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]] | Gone with the Wind | Gone with the Wind (film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q288138' | [[Gordy]] | Gordy | Gordy | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q6025' | [[Gorno-Altaysk]] | Gorno-Altaysk | Gorno-Altaysk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q137474876' | [[Gos]] | Eurasian Goshawk | Gos | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25287' | [[Gothenburg]] | Gothenburg | Gothenburg | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety<br/>urban area in Sweden | big city<br/>port city<br/>urban area in Sweden |- class='wd_q7188' | [[govrenment]] | government | Govrenment | type of organization | type of organization |- class='wd_q320632' | [[Gowden taid|gowden toad]] | golden toad | Gowden taid | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q123141' | [[gowdfish]] | goldfish | Gowdfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5377' | [[Gowf]] | golf | Gowf | type o sport<br/>[[habby]]<br/>Olympic sport<br/>sport with racquet/stick/club | type of sport<br/>hobby<br/>Olympic sport<br/>sport with racquet/stick/club |- class='wd_q205648' | [[Granada, Nicaragua|Granada]] | Granada | Granada, Nicaragua | [[Municipalities o Nicaragua]] | municipality of Nicaragua |- class='wd_q215250' | [[gray tod]] | Gray fox | Gray tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58715' | [[Great Leap Forward]] | Great Leap Forward | Great Leap Forward | campaign | campaign |- class='wd_q1768199' | [[Great Russian Encyclopedia]] | Great Russian Encyclopedia | Great Russian Encyclopedia | [[wabsteid]]<br/>national encyclopedia<br/>multi-volume work | website<br/>national encyclopedia<br/>multi-volume work |- class='wd_q199427' | [[Great white pelican|Great White Pelican]] | Great White Pelican | Great white pelican | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179537' | [[Greek fire]] | Greek fire | Greek fire | weapon type | weapon type |- class='wd_q182062' | [[Greek War o Unthirldom]] | Greek War of Independence | Greek War o Unthirldom | war of national liberation<br/>historical period | war of national liberation<br/>historical period |- class='wd_q207347' | [[green anaconda]] | green anaconda | Green anaconda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q420840' | [[Green bee-eater|Green Bee-eater]] | Asian Green Bee-eater | Green bee-eater | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1544592' | [[Green Goddess]] | Q1544592 | Green Goddess | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q763080' | [[Greenville, Ohio|Greenville]] | Greenville | Greenville, Ohio | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q769' | [[Grenada]] | Grenada | Grenada | [[kintra]]<br/>island country<br/>Commonwealth realm<br/>sovereign state<br/>archipelagic state | country<br/>island country<br/>Commonwealth realm<br/>sovereign state<br/>archipelagic state |- class='wd_q3388' | [[Grossglockner]] | Grossglockner | Grossglockner | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>highest point | mountain<br/>highest point |- class='wd_q219565' | [[Grévy's zebra]] | Grevy's zebra | Grévy's zebra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q422071' | [[Guar gum]] | guar gum | Guar gum | group or class of chemical entities | group or class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q206032' | [[Gucci Mane]] | Q206032 | Gucci Mane | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25230' | [[Guernsey]] | Guernsey | Guernsey | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]]<br/>bailiwick | Crown Dependencies<br/>bailiwick |- class='wd_q56428' | [[Guernésiais]] | Guernésiais | Guernésiais | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q56385' | [[Gulf Arabic]] | Gulf Arabic | Gulf Arabic | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q654010' | [[Gulf o Khambhat]] | Gulf of Khambhat | Gulf o Khambhat | bay | bay |- class='wd_q187274' | [[Gulf o Sidra]] | Gulf of Sidra | Gulf o Sidra | bay<br/>gulf | bay<br/>gulf |- class='wd_q386777' | [[Gulripsh Destrict]] | Gulripsh District | Gulripsh Destrict | district of Abkhazia | district of Abkhazia |- class='wd_q12861' | [[gunpouder]] | gunpowder | Gunpouder | explosive material<br/>mixtur | explosive chemicals<br/>mixture |- class='wd_q844844' | [[Guy Fawkes Nicht]] | Guy Fawkes Night | Guy Fawkes Nicht | [[haliday]] | holiday |- class='wd_q734' | [[Guyana]] | Guyana | Guyana | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q60654' | [[Gypjak]] | Gypjak | Gypjak | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q202406' | [[haddock]] | haddock | Haddock | [[taxon]]<br/>food product | taxon<br/>food product |- class='wd_q609630' | [[Haflinger]] | Haflinger | Haflinger | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q72818' | [[Hai Phong]] | Haiphong | Hai Phong | Municipalities o Vietnam<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | centrally-governed cities of Vietnam<br/>big city |- class='wd_q37707' | [[haiku]] | haiku | Haiku | poetic form<br/>poetry genre | poetic form<br/>poetry genre |- class='wd_q2840' | [[Haingles]] | influenza | Haingles | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q2349386' | [[Hamish Henderson]] | Hamish Henderson | Hamish Henderson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7209' | [[Han dynasty]] | Han dynasty | Han dynasty | historical state<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>historical Chinese state | historical country<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>historical Chinese state |- class='wd_q82199' | [[Hande Yener]] | Hande Yener | Hande Yener | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8222' | [[Hangul]] | Hangul | Hangul | syllabary<br/>phonetic transcription<br/>featural writing system<br/>constructed writing system<br/>alphabetic writing system<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>phonemic transcription | syllabary<br/>phonetic transcription<br/>featural writing system<br/>constructed writing system<br/>alphabetic writing system<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>phonemic transcription |- class='wd_q126631' | [[Hannah Montana]] | Hannah Montana | Hannah Montana | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q155794' | [[Hans Bethe]] | Hans Bethe | Hans Bethe | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42908' | [[Hanseatic League]] | Hanseatic League | Hanseatic League | organization<br/>[[confederation]] | organization<br/>confederation |- class='wd_q130881' | [[Hanukkah]] | Hanukkah | Hanukkah | public holiday<br/>[[haliday]]<br/>annual event | public holiday<br/>holiday<br/>annual event |- class='wd_q82261' | [[Haplorhini|Haplorrhini]] | Q82261 | Haplorhini | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2013262' | [[Harasta]] | Harasta | Harasta | [[ceety]]<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q83270' | [[Haurd rock|Hard rock]] | hard rock | Haurd rock | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q310260' | [[Harold Shipman]] | Harold Shipman | Harold Shipman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3458906' | [[Harrisburg, Oregon|Harrisburg]] | Harrisburg | Harrisburg, Oregon | city of Oregon | city of Oregon |- class='wd_q8337' | [[Harry Potter]] | Q8337 | Harry Potter | canon<br/>heptalogy<br/>novel series<br/>children's book series | canon<br/>heptalogy<br/>novel series<br/>children's book series |- class='wd_q15485284' | [[Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel]] | Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel | Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q214861' | [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport]] | Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport | Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport | internaitional airport<br/>airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome | international airport<br/>airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome |- class='wd_q13371' | [[Harvard Varsity]] | Harvard University | Harvard Varsity | private varsity<br/>colonial colleges<br/>research university<br/>private not-for-profit educational institution | private university<br/>colonial colleges<br/>research university<br/>private not-for-profit educational institution |- class='wd_q3128178' | [[Hassan-Taxi]] | Hassan Taxi | Hassan-Taxi | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q8418' | [[haundbaw]] | handball | Haundbaw | [[sport]]<br/>[[gemme]]<br/>type o sport<br/>Olympic sport<br/>baw gemme | sport<br/>game<br/>type of sport<br/>Olympic sport<br/>ball game |- class='wd_q26198' | [[haver craw]] | carrion crow | Haver craw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q754475' | [[Havre de Grace, Maryland|Havre de Grace]] | Havre de Grace | Havre de Grace, Maryland | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q16035842' | [[hearin loss]] | hearing loss | Hearin loss | heal problem | health problem |- class='wd_q4511497' | [[Heather Reid]] | Heather Reid | Heather Reid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155901' | [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] | Heckler & Koch MP5 | Heckler & Koch MP5 | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q7064' | [[Hedonism]] | hedonism | Hedonism | [[warld view]] | worldview |- class='wd_q349982' | [[Hegang]] | Hegang | Hegang | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q48352' | [[heid o state]] | head of state | Heid o state | public offeecial<br/>type of position | public office<br/>type of position |- class='wd_q164061' | [[Helen o Troy]] | Helen of Troy | Helen o Troy | legendary progenitor<br/>mythological Greek character | legendary progenitor<br/>mythological Greek character |- class='wd_q26949' | [[Helianthus]] | Helianthus | Helianthus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2042538' | [[Hellenic leids]] | Hellenic | Hellenic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q173821' | [[Helmand Province]] | Helmand Province | Helmand Province | [[Provinces o Afghanistan]] | province of Afghanistan |- class='wd_q41688' | [[Hendrik Lorentz]] | Hendrik Lorentz | Hendrik Lorentz | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q82445' | [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q103556' | [[Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor]] | Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor | Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q60094' | [[Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor|Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] | Henry IV | Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q20203290' | [[Henry John Dobson]] | Henry John Dobson | Henry John Dobson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q187765' | [[Henry Miller]] | Henry Miller | Henry Miller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157661' | [[hepatitis A]] | hepatitis A | Hepatitis A | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q6853' | [[hepatitis B]] | hepatitis B | Hepatitis B | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q154869' | [[hepatitis C]] | hepatitis C | Hepatitis C | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q71016' | [[Herbert Kroemer]] | Herbert Kroemer | Herbert Kroemer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q152491' | [[Herzliya]] | Herzliya | Herzliya | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q1588936' | [[Heysham nuclear pouer station]] | Heysham nuclear power stations | Heysham nuclear pouer station | place<br/>group | geographic location<br/>group |- class='wd_q878223' | [[Hieland]] | highland | Hieland | landscape<br/>terrain type | landscape<br/>terrain type |- class='wd_q644305' | [[Hillman Avenger]] | Hillman Avenger | Hillman Avenger | car model | car model |- class='wd_q188754' | [[Himeji Castle]] | Himeji Castle | Himeji Castle | Japanese castle<br/>hirayamajiro | Japanese castle<br/>hirayamajiro |- class='wd_q11051' | [[Hindustani leid|Hindustani]] | Hindustani | Hindustani leid | natural language<br/>modern language<br/>common language | natural language<br/>modern language<br/>common language |- class='wd_q1765322' | [[Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station]] | Hinkley Point A nuclear power station | Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q5767271' | [[Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station]] | Hinkley Point C nuclear power station | Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q11401' | [[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]] | hip-hop | Hip hop muisic | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q213336' | [[Hippopotamidae]] | Hippopotamidae | Hippopotamidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5768716' | [[Hipódromo (Santurce)|Hipódromo]] | Hipódromo | Hipódromo (Santurce) | subbarrio of Puerto Rico | subbarrio of Puerto Rico |- class='wd_q48332' | [[Hiragana]] | hiragana | Hiragana | syllabary<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>natural writing system | syllabary<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>natural writing system |- class='wd_q309' | [[history]] | history | History | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q188660' | [[hoatzin]] | Hoatzin | Hoatzin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q130875' | [[Hohenstaufen]] | House of Hohenstaufen | Hohenstaufen | ryal hoose | royal house |- class='wd_q65324818' | [[Holborn Street railwey Station]] | Holborn Street railway station | Holborn Street railwey Station | former railway station | former railway station |- class='wd_q1624389' | [[Holden Statesman]] | Holden Caprice | Holden Statesman | car model | car model |- class='wd_q10259' | [[Holi]] | Holii | Holi | muisic festival<br/>spring festival | music festival<br/>spring festival |- class='wd_q1138378' | [[Hollywood Hills]] | Hollywood Hills | Hollywood Hills | district or neighborhood of Los Angeles | district or neighborhood of Los Angeles |- class='wd_q2763' | [[Holocaust]] | The Holocaust | Holocaust | racism<br/>genocide<br/>crime against humanity<br/>hate crime<br/>state crime<br/>key event<br/>ethnic violence | racism<br/>genocide<br/>crime against humanity<br/>hate crime<br/>state crime<br/>key event<br/>ethnic violence |- class='wd_q165058' | [[Holodomor]] | Holodomor | Holodomor | genocide<br/>faimin<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>communist crime | genocide<br/>famine<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>communist crime |- class='wd_q12548' | [[Halie Romane Rik|Holy Roman Empire]] | Holy Roman Empire | Halie Romane Rik | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q16984765' | [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982]] | The Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 | Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 | Order in Council<br/>UK Statutory Instrument | Order in Council<br/>UK Statutory Instrument |- class='wd_q9584' | [[Honda]] | Honda | Honda | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer |- class='wd_q726' | [[Horse]] | horse | Horse | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23558' | [[House (TV series)|House]] | House M.D. | House (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q5927904' | [[Huchoun]] | Huchoun | Huchoun | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q981981' | [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] | Hugh MacDiarmid | Hugh MacDiarmid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25405' | [[Huidit craw|Huidit Craw]] | Hooded Crow | Huidit craw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38994' | [[Human Development Index]] | Human Development Index | Human Development Index | index number<br/>wellbeing index | index number<br/>wellbeing index |- class='wd_q16390' | [[Humphrey Bogart]] | Humphrey Bogart | Humphrey Bogart | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q30535' | [[huntin hawk]] | Peregrine Falcon | Huntin hawk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16422' | [[Hurricane Katrina]] | Hurricane Katrina | Hurricane Katrina | hurricane | hurricane |- class='wd_q2409' | [[hydrochloric acid]] | hydrochloric acid | Hydrochloric acid | type of mixture of chemical entities | type of mixture of chemical entities |- class='wd_q42046' | [[Hyena]] | Hyaenidae | Hyena | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q53099' | [[Hyrax]] | Hyracoidea | Hyrax | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q981993' | [[Ian Charleson]] | Ian Charleson | Ian Charleson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q129727' | [[Ibeirien lynx|Iberie lynx]] | Iberian lynx | Ibeirien lynx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179503' | [[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs]] | Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs | Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q190910' | [[Ice Age: The Meltdown]] | Ice Age: The Meltdown | Ice Age: The Meltdown | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q1325808' | [[Ice creestals|ice creestal]] | ice crystal | Ice creestals | | |- class='wd_q194515' | [[Ichthyosaur|Ichthyosauria]] | Ichthyosauria | Ichthyosaur | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q248339' | [[Ignition coil]] | ignition coil | Ignition coil | | |- class='wd_q221378' | [[Ile shale]] | oil shale | Ile shale | | |- class='wd_q276093' | [[IMI Galil]] | IWI Galil | IMI Galil | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q132576' | [[Impala]] | impala | Impala | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q668' | [[Indie]] | India | Indie | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q729553' | [[Indien leopard|Indie leopard]] | Indian leopard | Indien leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q103817' | [[indigenous fowks]] | indigenous people | Indigenous fowks | | |- class='wd_q81096' | [[ingineer]] | engineer | Ingineer | [[profession]]<br/>[[academic degree]]<br/>poseetion | profession<br/>academic degree<br/>position |- class='wd_q81900' | [[ink-fish]] | Teuthida | Ink-fish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1735' | [[Innsbruck]] | Innsbruck | Innsbruck | [[ceety]]<br/>statutory city of Austria<br/>municipality o Austrick<br/>district of Austria<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>toun wi toun richts an privileges | city<br/>statutory city of Austria<br/>municipality of Austria<br/>district of Austria<br/>big city<br/>place with town rights and privileges |- class='wd_q1390' | [[Insect]] | insect | Insect | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1869874' | [[insomnia]] | insomnia | Insomnia | type of disease<br/>symptom type | type of disease<br/>symptom type |- class='wd_q78928288' | [[Intellivision Amico]] | Intellivision Amico | Intellivision Amico | product model | product model |- class='wd_q182473' | [[Intercontinental Cup]] | Intercontinental Cup | Intercontinental Cup | international association football clubs cup<br/>defunct association football competition<br/>club world championship | international association football clubs cup<br/>defunct association football competition<br/>club world championship |- class='wd_q3476589' | [[Interrogation scene]] | interrogation scene | Interrogation scene | | |- class='wd_q6060054' | [[Inverclyde Line]] | Inverclyde Line | Inverclyde Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q392110' | [[IONIS Education Group]] | IONIS Education Group | IONIS Education Group | joint-stock company | joint-stock company |- class='wd_q11135' | [[IP address]] | IP address | IP address | | |- class='wd_q114065797' | [[Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests|Iran's 2022 kintrawide protests]] | Mahsa Amini protests | Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests | rebellion<br/>demonstration<br/>[[protest]] | rebellion<br/>demonstration<br/>protest |- class='wd_q7170257' | [[Persie pop muisic|Iranian pop]] | Iranian pop | Persie pop muisic | [[muisic genre]]<br/>musical scene | music genre<br/>musical scene |- class='wd_q4165309' | [[Iraq Inquiry]] | Iraq Inquiry | Iraq Inquiry | public inquiry | public inquiry |- class='wd_q205047' | [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] | Kurdistan Region of Iraq | Iraqi Kurdistan | autonomous region<br/>Kurdish-inhabited area | autonomous region<br/>Kurdish-inhabited area |- class='wd_q273331' | [[Irrawaddy dowphin]] | Irrawaddy dolphin | Irrawaddy dowphin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q83566' | [[Isabel Allende]] | Isabel Allende | Isabel Allende | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45859' | [[Isabella I o Castile|Isabella o Castile]] | Isabella I of Castile | Isabella I o Castile | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q189387' | [[Ischia]] | Ischia | Ischia | volcanic island | volcanic island |- class='wd_q2429253' | [[Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant]] | Islamic State | Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant | caliphate<br/>Islamic state<br/>armed organization<br/>self-proclaimed state<br/>quasi-state | caliphate<br/>Islamic state<br/>armed organization<br/>self-proclaimed state<br/>quasi-state |- class='wd_q28065409' | [[Isle of Dogs (film)|Isle of Dogs]] | Isle of Dogs | Isle of Dogs (film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q25276' | [[isotope]] | isotope | Isotope | second-order class | second-order class |- class='wd_q42180' | [[Israel Kamakawiwoʻole]] | Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1674974' | [[Isuzu Piazza]] | Isuzu Piazza | Isuzu Piazza | car model | car model |- class='wd_q192786' | [[Italian cuisine]] | Italian cuisine | Italian cuisine | national cuisine | national cuisine |- class='wd_q50001' | [[Italians]] | Italians | Italians | [[population]]<br/>[[ethnic group]]<br/>[[fowk]] | human population<br/>ethnic group<br/>people |- class='wd_q174971' | [[Itō Hirobumi]] | Itō Hirobumi | Itō Hirobumi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q49113' | [[Ivy League]] | Ivy League | Ivy League | college athletic conference | college athletic conference |- class='wd_q1700920' | [[J. Michael Kosterlitz]] | J. Michael Kosterlitz | J. Michael Kosterlitz | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9773' | [[J]] | J/j | J | | |- class='wd_q167852' | [[Jabir ibn Hayyan]] | Jabir ibn Hayyan | Jabir ibn Hayyan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16568' | [[Jacksonville, Florida]] | Q16568 | Jacksonville, Florida | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q130631' | [[Jacques Derrida]] | Jacques Derrida | Jacques Derrida | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37899' | [[Jagdterrier]] | Jagdterrier | Jagdterrier | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q6122893' | [[Jaguar Land Rover]] | Jaguar Land Rover | Jaguar Land Rover | subsidiary company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | subsidiary company<br/>business |- class='wd_q182304' | [[Jaguarundi]] | Jaguarundi | Jaguarundi | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9232' | [[Jainism]] | Jainism | Jainism | [[releegion]] | religion |- class='wd_q3630' | [[Jakarta]] | Jakarta | Jakarta | [[Provinces o Indonesie]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>Daerah Khusus<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | province of Indonesia<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>Daerah Khusus<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q487640' | [[Jalal-Abad Region|Jalal-Abad Province]] | Jalal-Abad Region | Jalal-Abad Region | [[Regions o Kyrgyzstan]] | region of Kyrgyzstan |- class='wd_q33377' | [[Jalandhar]] | Jalandhar | Jalandhar | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q277579' | [[James Dewar]] | James Dewar | James Dewar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q648516' | [[James Douglas, Laird o Douglas]] | James Douglas, Lord of Douglas | James Douglas, Laird o Douglas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q140393' | [[James Hunt]] | Q140393 | James Hunt | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6882' | [[James Joyce]] | James Joyce | James Joyce | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8962' | [[James Prescott Joule]] | James Prescott Joule | James Prescott Joule | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q184746' | [[Jane Goodall]] | Jane Goodall | Jane Goodall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131324' | [[Janet Jackson]] | Janet Jackson | Janet Jackson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213726' | [[Jankel Adler]] | Jankel Adler | Jankel Adler | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1645980' | [[Jatt]] | Jats | Jatt | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q229507' | [[Jayne Mansfield]] | Jayne Mansfield | Jayne Mansfield | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q246087' | [[Jbeil Destrict]] | Jbeil District | Jbeil Destrict | [[Destricts o Lebanon]] | district of Lebanon |- class='wd_q128543' | [[Jean Chrétien]] | Jean Chrétien | Jean Chrétien | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45682' | [[Jean Sibelius]] | Jean Sibelius | Jean Sibelius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q162708' | [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] | Jean-Bedel Bokassa | Jean-Bédel Bokassa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q28180' | [[Jefferson City]] | Jefferson City | Jefferson City | [[Caipital|caipital ceety]]<br/>coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | capital city<br/>county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q189895' | [[Jennifer Jones (actress)|Jennifer Jones]] | Jennifer Jones | Jennifer Jones (actress) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q291169' | [[Jeremy Corbyn]] | Jeremy Corbyn | Jeremy Corbyn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q658527' | [[Jericho Govrenorate]] | Jericho Governorate | Jericho Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Palestine]] | governorate of the State of Palestine |- class='wd_q187822' | [[Jerome Isaac Friedman]] | Jerome Isaac Friedman | Jerome Isaac Friedman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6184230' | [[Jerry Parr]] | Jerry Parr | Jerry Parr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q785' | [[Jersey]] | Jersey | Jersey | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]] | Crown Dependencies |- class='wd_q454251' | [[Jimmy Johnstone]] | Jimmy Johnstone | Jimmy Johnstone | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q165467' | [[Jimmy Page]] | Jimmy Page | Jimmy Page | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181' | [[Jimmy Wales]] | Jimmy Wales | Jimmy Wales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6204319' | [[Jo Jorgensen]] | Jo Jorgensen | Jo Jorgensen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188793' | [[Joan Capdevila]] | Joan Capdevila | Joan Capdevila | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4922257' | [[Joanne Missingham]] | Joanne Missingham | Joanne Missingham | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10940' | [[jockstrap]] | jockstrap | Jockstrap | [[Cleidin|claes]] | clothing |- class='wd_q449402' | [[Jodie Whittaker]] | Jodie Whittaker | Jodie Whittaker | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6279' | [[Joe Biden]] | Joe Biden | Joe Biden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5879' | [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q324028' | [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute]] | John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute | John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q298243' | [[John Hannah]] | John Hannah | John Hannah | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q918672' | [[John Kerr]] | John Kerr | John Kerr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6247276' | [[John Maxwell]] | John Maxwell | John Maxwell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1588306' | [[John Walker (naitural historian)|John Walker]] | John Walker | John Walker (naitural historian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42775' | [[Johnny Cash]] | Johnny Cash | Johnny Cash | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q231318' | [[Johor Bahru]] | Johor Bahru | Johor Bahru | city of Malaysia | city of Malaysia |- class='wd_q855' | [[Joseph Stalin]] | Joseph Stalin | Joseph Stalin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213844' | [[Judith Malina]] | Judith Malina | Judith Malina | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2986022' | [[Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide]] | Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide | Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide | armed organization | armed organization |- class='wd_q214028' | [[Julie Revolution]] | July Revolution | Julie Revolution | [[Revolution]] | revolution |- class='wd_q161333' | [[Juncus acutiflorus]] | Juncus acutiflorus | Juncus acutiflorus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q297838' | [[Jusepe de Ribera]] | Jusepe de Ribera | Jusepe de Ribera | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185117' | [[Justin Mairtyr|Justin Martyr]] | Justin Martyr | Justin Mairtyr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q951930' | [[Juviles]] | Juviles | Juviles | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q56430' | [[Jèrriais]] | Jèrriais | Jèrriais | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q181227' | [[Jörmungandr]] | Jörmungandr | Jörmungandr | meethological serpent<br/>Norse meethical animal<br/>eschatological figure | mythological serpent<br/>Norse mythical animal<br/>eschatological figure |- class='wd_q29466' | [[Kaaba]] | Kaaba | Kaaba | sacred place | sacred place |- class='wd_q152659' | [[Kafr Qasim]] | Kafr Qasim | Kafr Qasim | [[ceety]]<br/>city council | city<br/>city council |- class='wd_q179570' | [[Kairouan]] | Kairouan | Kairouan | municipality of Tunisia | municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q179959' | [[kakapo]] | Kakapo | Kakapo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q605160' | [[Kamëz]] | Kamëz | Kamëz | [[ceety]]<br/>human settlement<br/>average city | city<br/>human settlement<br/>average city |- class='wd_q5070208' | [[kangaroo]] | kangaroo | Kangaroo | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q181557' | [[Kaohsiung]] | Kaohsiung | Kaohsiung | special municipality | special municipality |- class='wd_q36121' | [[Kapampangan leid]] | Kapampangan | Kapampangan leid | leid | language |- class='wd_q192273' | [[Karelie]] | Karelia | Karelie | historical region<br/>cultural region | historical region<br/>cultural region |- class='wd_q3037' | [[Kathmandu]] | Kathmandu | Kathmandu | [[ceety]]<br/>[[municipality]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>largest city | city<br/>municipality<br/>federal capital<br/>big city<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q134301' | [[Katyn massacre]] | Katyn massacre | Katyn massacre | war crime<br/>[[mass murther]]<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>massacre | war crime<br/>mass murder<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>massacre |- class='wd_q46702' | [[Kavajë]] | Kavajë | Kavajë | [[ceety]]<br/>human settlement<br/>small city | city<br/>human settlement<br/>small city |- class='wd_q20064322' | [[Kavurma]] | kavurma | Kavurma | cold cut | cold cut |- class='wd_q6379727' | [[Kawasaki 454 LTD]] | Kawasaki 454 LTD | Kawasaki 454 LTD | motorcycle model | motorcycle model |- class='wd_q239928' | [[Kay Bailey Hutchison]] | Kay Bailey Hutchison | Kay Bailey Hutchison | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181598' | [[Keeng Lear]] | King Lear | Keeng Lear | dramatic work | dramatic work |- class='wd_q31747665' | [[King o Ingland|Keeng o Ingland]] | Q31747665 | King o Ingland | | |- class='wd_q378560' | [[Leest o pechtish kings|Keeng o the Pechts]] | list of kings of the Picts | Leest o pechtish kings | poseetion<br/>Wikimedia information list | position<br/>Wikimedia information list |- class='wd_q182209' | [[keeng penguin]] | King Penguin | Keeng penguin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q564288' | [[Keeng Wu o Qin]] | King Wu of Qin | Keeng Wu o Qin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q470072' | [[Keeng Zhou o Shang]] | King Zhou of Shang | Keeng Zhou o Shang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q79915' | [[keeng's fisher]] | Common Kingfisher | Keeng's fisher | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q547122' | [[Keith O'Brien]] | Keith O'Brien | Keith O'Brien | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q387278' | [[Kellas cat]] | Kellas cat | Kellas cat | hybrid | hybrid |- class='wd_q294436' | [[Kelso]] | Kelso | Kelso | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q868654' | [[Kelso, Washington|Kelso]] | Kelso | Kelso, Washington | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q3194941' | [[Kelso RFC]] | Kelso RFC | Kelso RFC | rugby union team | rugby union team |- class='wd_q298263' | [[Kenneth MacAlpin]] | Kenneth MacAlpin | Kenneth MacAlpin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1740370' | [[Kezia Dugdale]] | Kezia Dugdale | Kezia Dugdale | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42034' | [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]] | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1429685' | [[Khagrachari Destrict]] | Khagrachari District | Khagrachari Destrict | district of Bangladesh | district of Bangladesh |- class='wd_q696241' | [[Khanate o Kokand]] | Khanate of Kokand | Khanate o Kokand | khanate<br/>historical state | khanate<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q6320' | [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>[[autonomous okrugs o Roushie]] | federal subject of Russia<br/>autonomous district of Russia |- class='wd_q310114' | [[Khartoum North]] | Khartoum North | Khartoum North | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q33614' | [[Khoisan leids]] | Khoisan | Khoisan leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q109092' | [[Kilkenny]] | Kilkenny | Kilkenny | [[ceety]]<br/>[[toun]]<br/>Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland<br/>town council in the Republic of Ireland | city<br/>town<br/>Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland<br/>town council in the Republic of Ireland |- class='wd_q329477' | [[kilometre zero]] | kilometre zero | Kilometre zero | | |- class='wd_q254630' | [[kinkajou]] | kinkajou | Kinkajou | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q107299' | [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]] | Kingdom of Northumbria | Kinrick o Northumbrie | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q45670' | [[Kinrick o Portugal]] | Kingdom of Portugal | Kinrick o Portugal | kingdom<br/>historical state<br/>province of the Spanish Empire<br/>colonial power | kingdom<br/>historical country<br/>province of the Spanish Empire<br/>colonial power |- class='wd_q833607' | [[Kirk's dik-dik]] | Kirk's dik-dik | Kirk's dik-dik | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q208329' | [[Kirkwaa]] | Kirkwall | Kirkwaa | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q83232' | [[Kiruna]] | Kiruna | Kiruna | human settlement<br/>urban area in Sweden | human settlement<br/>urban area in Sweden |- class='wd_q33583' | [[Kirundi]] | Kirundi | Kirundi | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q501543' | [[Kiryat Malakhi]] | Kiryat Malachi | Kiryat Malakhi | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q745751' | [[kit tod]] | kit fox | Kit tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q107061' | [[Kite (geometry)|kite]] | kite | Kite (geometry) | | |- class='wd_q80357904' | [[Klepetan an Malena]] | Klepetan and Malena | Klepetan an Malena | individual animal<br/>dyad<br/>animal duo | individual animal<br/>dyad<br/>animal duo |- class='wd_q36101' | [[koala]] | koala | Koala | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q211042' | [[kodkod]] | kodkod | Kodkod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q378846' | [[koi]] | koi | Koi | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q779745' | [[Koinobori]] | koinobori | Koinobori | banner (flag) | banner (flag) |- class='wd_q4504' | [[Komodo draigon]] | Komodo dragon | Komodo draigon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48472' | [[Konye-Urgench]] | Köneürgenç | Konye-Urgench | city of Turkmenistan<br/>archaeological site | city of Turkmenistan<br/>archaeological site |- class='wd_q1579864' | [[Korowai fowk]] | Korowai people | Korowai fowk | ethnic groups in Indonesia<br/>native Indonesians | ethnic groups in Indonesia<br/>native Indonesians |- class='wd_q659042' | [[Korydallos]] | Korydallos | Korydallos | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q116341' | [[Korçë]] | Korçë | Korçë | [[ceety]]<br/>[[toun]]<br/>human settlement | city<br/>town<br/>human settlement |- class='wd_q28729' | [[Kozhikode]] | Kozhikode | Kozhikode | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q925042' | [[Krampus]] | Krampus | Krampus | figure used in threatening children<br/>Popanz<br/>meethical character<br/>folklore character | figure used in threatening children<br/>Q2104078<br/>mythical character<br/>folklore character |- class='wd_q152220' | [[Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty]] | Kurdistan Workers' Party | Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization |- class='wd_q1768091' | [[Kuressaare Castle]] | Kuressaare Castle | Kuressaare Castle | [[castle]] | castle |- class='wd_q15470' | [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]] | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Catalonia | big city<br/>municipality of Catalonia |- class='wd_q1038912' | [[La Costa Partido]] | La Costa Partido | La Costa Partido | [[municipality]]<br/>partido of Buenos Aires Province | municipality<br/>partido of Buenos Aires Province |- class='wd_q549267' | [[Laacher See]] | Laacher See | Laacher See | volcanic crater lake | volcanic crater lake |- class='wd_q9630' | [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour Pairty]] | Labour Party | Labour Pairty (UK) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q36196' | [[Judaeo-Spaingie|Ladino leid]] | Judaeo-Spanish | Judaeo-Spaingie | dialect family | dialect family |- class='wd_q172284' | [[Lady and the Tramp]] | Lady and the Tramp | Lady and the Tramp | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q6470210' | [[Lady Grizel Baillie]] | Grizel Baillie | Lady Grizel Baillie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q162356' | [[Lady Jane Grey]] | Lady Jane Grey | Lady Jane Grey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q53662' | [[Laika]] | Laika | Laika | [[dug]]<br/>Soviet space dog<br/>individual animal | dog<br/>Soviet space dog<br/>individual animal |- class='wd_q12585' | [[Laitin Americae]] | Latin America | Laitin Americae | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region |- class='wd_q15523' | [[Loch Como|Lake Como]] | Lake Como | Loch Como | glacial lake | glacial lake |- class='wd_q462804' | [[Lakewood, Colorado|Lakewood]] | Lakewood | Lakewood, Colorado | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q21742' | [[Lamiales]] | Lamiales | Lamiales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48780586' | [[Larry Dean (comedian)|Larry Dean]] | Larry Dean | Larry Dean (comedian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185' | [[Larry Sanger]] | Larry Sanger | Larry Sanger | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3241535' | [[Latino Moderne]] | Latino moderne | Latino Moderne | [[constructit leid]] | constructed language |- class='wd_q697175' | [[launch vehicle]] | launch vehicle | Launch vehicle | | |- class='wd_q26538' | [[Lauraceae]] | Lauraceae | Lauraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171892' | [[Lavandula]] | Lavandula | Lavandula | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q164321' | [[law o cosines]] | law of cosines | Law o cosines | theorem | theorem |- class='wd_q42497' | [[Lawer Austrick]] | Lower Austria | Lawer Austrick | federal state of Austria<br/>historical region | federal state of Austria<br/>historical region |- class='wd_q294144' | [[Lea Salonga]] | Lea Salonga | Lea Salonga | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9624' | [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]] | Liberal Democrats | Leeberal Democrats (UK) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q6216' | [[leeberalism]] | liberalism | Leeberalism | [[Poleetical philosophy|poleetical filosofie]]<br/>social philosophy<br/>poleetical ideology | political philosophy<br/>social philosophy<br/>political ideology |- class='wd_q1023630' | [[leet o current heids o state an govrenment]] | List of current heads of state and government | Leet o current heids o state an govrenment | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q11750' | [[Leet o kintras]] | list of sovereign states | Leet o kintras | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q260023' | [[Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area|leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi aurie]] | list of countries and dependencies by area | Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area | Wikimedia ranked list | Wikimedia ranked list |- class='wd_q182162' | [[Leet o Swadish monarchs]] | list of Swedish monarchs | Leet o Swadish monarchs | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q2364801' | [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey]] | list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey | Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q789447' | [[Caurie-fistit|left-haundit]] | left-handedness | Caurie-fistit | handedness | handedness |- class='wd_q186462' | [[Lemuridae]] | Lemuridae | Lemuridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1817577' | [[Leng Tch'e]] | Leng Tch'e | Leng Tch'e | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q7243' | [[Leo Tolstoy]] | Leo Tolstoy | Leo Tolstoy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1728820' | [[Leo Varadkar]] | Leo Varadkar | Leo Varadkar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192695' | [[Leon M. Lederman]] | Leon M. Lederman | Leon M. Lederman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42627' | [[leopard cat]] | Prionailurus bengalensis | Leopard cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q93259' | [[Lesser Antilles]] | Lesser Antilles | Lesser Antilles | airchipelago | archipelago |- class='wd_q83193' | [[lettuce]] | Lactuca sativa | Lettuce | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q363778' | [[Lewis an Harris]] | Lewis and Harris | Lewis an Harris | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q38082' | [[Lewis Carroll]] | Lewis Carroll | Lewis Carroll | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19875108' | [[Leyland 4-tonne truck]] | Leyland 4-tonne truck | Leyland 4-tonne truck | truck model<br/>military vehicle model | truck model<br/>military vehicle model |- class='wd_q31746' | [[Lezgian leid]] | Lezgian | Lezgian leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q1129737' | [[Lezgins]] | Lezgins | Lezgins | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q4612907' | [[LGBT richts muivement]] | LGBTQ movements | LGBT richts muivement | social movement | social movement |- class='wd_q202435' | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]] | lieutenancy area of Scotland | Lieutenancy areas o Scotland | | |- class='wd_q747404' | [[Limescale]] | limescale | Limescale | | |- class='wd_q165838' | [[limnologie]] | limnology | Limnologie | special field<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline | field of study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q80839' | [[lingua franca]] | lingua franca | Lingua franca | type of language | type of language |- class='wd_q8162' | [[lingueestics]] | linguistics | Lingueestics | special field<br/>field o study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline | field of study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q157896' | [[Linum catharticum]] | Linum catharticum | Linum catharticum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q388' | [[Linux]] | Linux | Linux | [[saftware]] | software |- class='wd_q140' | [[lion]] | lion | Lion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q287975' | [[Liopleurodon]] | Liopleurodon | Liopleurodon | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q3490' | [[Lipetsk]] | Lipetsk | Lipetsk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q11367' | [[lipid]] | lipid | Lipid | imprecise class of chemical entities | imprecise class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q18858' | [[Little whaup]] | Eurasian Whimbrel | Little whaup | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8172269' | [[Liv and Maddie]] | Liv and Maddie | Liv and Maddie | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q6660222' | [[Liz Lochhead]] | Liz Lochhead | Liz Lochhead | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q203137' | [[Loch Inari]] | Lake Inari | Loch Inari | [[loch]]<br/>reservoir<br/>lake or pond | lake<br/>reservoir<br/>lake or pond |- class='wd_q7240' | [[Lockheed Martin]] | Lockheed Martin | Lockheed Martin | public company<br/>defense contractor | public company<br/>defense contractor |- class='wd_q207540' | [[Lod]] | Lod | Lod | [[ceety]]<br/>depopulated Palestinian village | city<br/>depopulated Palestinian village |- class='wd_q230493' | [[Long Beach]] | Long Beach | Long Beach | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q23393' | [[Lord's Prayer]] | Lord's Prayer | Lord's Prayer | excerpt<br/>logion<br/>Christian prayer<br/>prayer in the New Testament | excerpt<br/>logion<br/>Christian prayer<br/>prayer in the New Testament |- class='wd_q177854' | [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] | Lorenzo de' Medici | Lorenzo de' Medici | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q65' | [[Los Angeles]] | Los Angeles | Los Angeles | charter ceety | charter city |- class='wd_q152463' | [[Louis the German]] | Louis the German | Louis the German | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43668' | [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] | Louisville | Louisville, Kentucky | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q1358865' | [[Lucenzo]] | Lucenzo | Lucenzo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41805' | [[Lucia de Berk]] | Lucia de Berk | Lucia de Berk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q47916' | [[Lucknow]] | Lucknow | Lucknow | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital<br/>largest city | big city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q9325' | [[Lufthansa]] | Lufthansa | Lufthansa | airline<br/>public company | airline<br/>public company |- class='wd_q134279' | [[Luhansk]] | Luhansk | Luhansk | city or town<br/>city in Ukraine | city or town<br/>city in Ukraine |- class='wd_q26901' | [[Luis Antonio Tagle]] | Luis Antonio Tagle | Luis Antonio Tagle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q191634' | [[Luiz Felipe Scolari]] | Luiz Felipe Scolari | Luiz Felipe Scolari | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1159913' | [[Luna 1]] | Luna 1 | Luna 1 | lunar probe<br/>artificial satellite of the Sun<br/>flyby probe | lunar probe<br/>artificial satellite of the Sun<br/>flyby probe |- class='wd_q84' | [[Lunnon]] | London | Lunnon | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>poleetical diveesion<br/>financial center<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>political territorial entity<br/>financial center<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q187136' | [[Luoyang]] | Luoyang | Luoyang | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>former capital | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city<br/>former capital |- class='wd_q212725' | [[Lupang Hinirang]] | Lupang Hinirang | Lupang Hinirang | [[Naitional anthem]] | national anthem |- class='wd_q937595' | [[Lusitano]] | Lusitano | Lusitano | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q164193' | [[Lviv Oblast]] | Lviv Oblast | Lviv Oblast | oblast o Ukraine | oblast of Ukraine |- class='wd_q132687' | [[Lycalopex]] | South American foxes | Lycalopex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q173651' | [[African wild dug|Lycaon pictus]] | African wild dog | African wild dug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13182' | [[lychee]] | Litchi chinensis | Lychee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201989' | [[Lyme disease]] | Lyme disease | Lyme disease | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q677014' | [[Lynx]] | Lynx | Lynx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q131680' | [[Lystrosaurus]] | Lystrosaurus | Lystrosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q484675' | [[Léon: The Professional]] | Léon: The Professional | Léon: The Professional | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q3920' | [[Lüneburg]] | Lüneburg | Lüneburg | destrict caipital<br/>major regional center<br/>Hanseatic ceety<br/>college toun<br/>large independent city of Lower Saxony<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony | district capital<br/>major regional center<br/>Hanseatic city<br/>college town<br/>large independent city of Lower Saxony<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony |- class='wd_q878309' | [[Lý dynasty]] | Ly dynasty | Lý dynasty | dynasty<br/>historical state | dynasty<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q246154' | [[M (James Bond)|M]] | M | M (James Bond) | feectional human<br/>film character | fictional human<br/>film character |- class='wd_q170318' | [[M16 rifle|M16]] | M16 rifle | M16 rifle | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q310041' | [[Macadamia]] | Macadamia | Macadamia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q405487' | [[Macanese fowk]] | Macanese | Macanese fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q360317' | [[Mackem]] | Mackem | Mackem | nickname | nickname |- class='wd_q23193' | [[Macropodidae]] | Macropodidae | Macropodidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174322' | [[Macropus]] | Macropus | Macropus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q188965' | [[Madame de Pompadour]] | Madame de Pompadour | Madame de Pompadour | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3276756' | [[Magenta]] | magenta | Magenta | primary colour | primary color |- class='wd_q16727932' | [[Maggie Chapman]] | Maggie Chapman | Maggie Chapman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q172653' | [[Maggie Smith]] | Q172653 | Maggie Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12519' | [[Magna Carta]] | Magna Carta | Magna Carta | charter | charter |- class='wd_q1307177' | [[Magneto]] | magneto | Magneto | | |- class='wd_q120228' | [[Magnoliaceae]] | Magnoliaceae | Magnoliaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1137750' | [[Magnox]] | Magnox | Magnox | Generation I reactor | Generation I reactor |- class='wd_q106807' | [[Magnus Carlsen]] | Magnus Carlsen | Magnus Carlsen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q522317' | [[Magnus Erlendsson, Yerl o Orkney]] | Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney | Magnus Erlendsson, Yerl o Orkney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3277252' | [[Magnus II, Yerl o Orkney]] | Magnus II, Earl of Orkney | Magnus II, Yerl o Orkney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1191' | [[Maharashtra]] | Maharashtra | Maharashtra | state of India | state of India |- class='wd_q26055' | [[Mairtin (bird)|mairtin]] | Common House Martin | Mairtin (bird) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192710' | [[Malayan tapir]] | Malayan tapir | Malayan tapir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q833' | [[Malaysie]] | Malaysia | Malaysie | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental | country<br/>sovereign state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental |- class='wd_q15944677' | [[Malaysie–Turkey relations]] | Malaysia–Turkey relations | Malaysie–Turkey relations | bilateral relation | bilateral relation |- class='wd_q156551' | [[Malvaceae]] | Q156551 | Malvaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9347' | [[Malé]] | Malé | Malé | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q131038' | [[Mamenchisaurus]] | Mamenchisaurus | Mamenchisaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q132676' | [[Mamoudzou]] | Mamoudzou | Mamoudzou | commune o Fraunce | commune of France |- class='wd_q170070' | [[Manaslu]] | Manaslu | Manaslu | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q502269' | [[Manassas Park, Virginie|Manassas Park]] | Manassas Park | Manassas Park, Virginie | independent ceety<br/>independent city in Virginia | independent city in the United States<br/>independent city in Virginia |- class='wd_q40236' | [[Manaus]] | Manaus | Manaus | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Brazil | big city<br/>municipality of Brazil |- class='wd_q145665' | [[Manchu fowk]] | Manchu | Manchu fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q125337' | [[Mandarin oranger]] | Citrus reticulata | Mandarin oranger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q223587' | [[Mansoura]] | Mansoura | Mansoura | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1208529' | [[manual transmission]] | manual transmission | Manual transmission | | |- class='wd_q5816' | [[Mao Zedong]] | Mao Zedong | Mao Zedong | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q167651' | [[Maoism]] | Maoism | Maoism | poleetical ideology | political ideology |- class='wd_q42292' | [[maple]] | Acer | Maple | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3289612' | [[Marcelline Akinocho]] | Marcelline Akinocho | Marcelline Akinocho | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22951255' | [[Marcus Rashford]] | Marcus Rashford | Marcus Rashford | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q202342' | [[Margaret Court]] | Margaret Court | Margaret Court | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2415217' | [[Margaret Oliphant]] | Margaret Oliphant | Margaret Oliphant | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7416' | [[Margaret Thatcher]] | Q7416 | Margaret Thatcher | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192421' | [[margay]] | margay | Margay | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11666' | [[Maria Sharapova]] | Maria Sharapova | Maria Sharapova | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131706' | [[Maria Theresa]] | Maria Theresa of Austria | Maria Theresa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q107041' | [[Marianne Beuchert]] | Marianne Beuchert | Marianne Beuchert | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q467538' | [[Marisol Valles Garcia]] | Marisol Valles Garcia | Marisol Valles Garcia | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22694' | [[marjoram]] | marjoram | Marjoram | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6766286' | [[Marjorie Housepian Dobkin]] | Marjorie Housepian Dobkin | Marjorie Housepian Dobkin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q187927' | [[Markhor]] | Markhor | Markhor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25336' | [[marsupial]] | marsupial | Marsupial | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57689' | [[Martin McGuinness]] | Martin McGuinness | Martin McGuinness | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11820' | [[Martin Van Buren]] | Martin Van Buren | Martin Van Buren | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q642878' | [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] | Marvel Cinematic Universe | Marvel Cinematic Universe | media franchise<br/>shared universe<br/>film franchise | media franchise<br/>shared universe<br/>film franchise |- class='wd_q3296149' | [[Mary Brunton]] | Mary Brunton | Mary Brunton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174662' | [[Mary McAleese]] | Mary McAleese | Mary McAleese | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41342' | [[Mary Tyler Moore]] | Mary Tyler Moore | Mary Tyler Moore | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11423' | [[mass]] | mass | Mass | ISQ base quantity<br/>kind of quantity | ISQ base quantity<br/>kind of quantity |- class='wd_q5676' | [[Matsuo Bashō|Matsuo Basho]] | Matsuo Bashō | Matsuo Bashō | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131230' | [[Mauna Kea]] | Mauna Kea | Mauna Kea | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]] | volcano<br/>mountain |- class='wd_q159762' | [[Mauna Loa]] | Mauna Loa | Mauna Loa | shield volcano<br/>volcanic landform | shield volcano<br/>volcanic landform |- class='wd_q49747' | [[Maurice Maeterlinck]] | Maurice Maeterlinck | Maurice Maeterlinck | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q111' | [[Maurs]] | Mars | Maurs | superior planet<br/>inner planet of the Solar System | superior planet<br/>inner planet of the Solar System |- class='wd_q9021' | [[Max Planck]] | Max Planck | Max Planck | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q44319' | [[Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie]] | Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria | Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q150726' | [[Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor]] | Maximilian I | Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25814075' | [[First May meenistry|May meenistry]] | First May ministry | First May meenistry | Cabinet of the United Kingdom | Cabinet of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q1484' | [[Mayon Volcano]] | Mayon Volcano | Mayon Volcano | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]]<br/>summit | mountain<br/>stratovolcano<br/>summit |- class='wd_q308864' | [[Mazandaran Province]] | Mazandaran Province | Mazandaran Province | [[Provinces o Iran]] | province of Iran |- class='wd_q3235204' | [[Mazda Lantis]] | Mazda Lantis | Mazda Lantis | car model | car model |- class='wd_q5253543' | [[Mazda Navajo]] | Mazda Navajo | Mazda Navajo | car model | car model |- class='wd_q482988' | [[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]] | Poland Is Not Yet Lost | Mazurek Dąbrowskiego | [[Naitional anthem]]<br/>musical work/composition | national anthem<br/>musical work/composition |- class='wd_q201815' | [[McDonnell Douglas]] | McDonnell Douglas | McDonnell Douglas | aerospace manufacturer<br/>defense contractor<br/>umwhile entity | aerospace manufacturer<br/>defense contractor<br/>former entity |- class='wd_q151432' | [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] | McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II | McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q62161' | [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]] | McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q51697' | [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] | McKinney | McKinney, Texas | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q69488' | [[MDMA]] | MDMA | MDMA | pharmaceutical product<br/>group of stereoisomers | pharmaceutical product<br/>group of stereoisomers |- class='wd_q42229' | [[Mel Gibson]] | Mel Gibson | Mel Gibson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q432473' | [[Melania Trump]] | Melania Trump | Melania Trump | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q33349' | [[Melitopol]] | Melitopol | Melitopol | city of regional significance of Ukraine | city of regional significance of Ukraine |- class='wd_q253918' | [[Melodic daith metal]] | melodic death metal | Melodic daith metal | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q47859' | [[Mentha]] | Q47859 | Mentha | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156153' | [[Menyanthes|Menyanthes trifoliata]] | Menyanthes trifoliata | Menyanthes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178197' | [[Mercenar|Mercenary]] | mercenary | Mercenar | [[profession]] | profession |- class='wd_q1747363' | [[Meriden, Wast Midlands|Meriden]] | Meriden | Meriden, Wast Midlands | [[veelage]]<br/>[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]] | village<br/>civil parish |- class='wd_q81102410' | [[Messier 81]] | Messier 81 | Messier 81 | active galactic nucleus<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>astrophysical X-ray source<br/>infrared source<br/>Seyfert 2 galaxy | active galactic nucleus<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>astrophysical X-ray source<br/>infrared source<br/>Seyfert 2 galaxy |- class='wd_q14026' | [[Messier 82]] | Messier 82 | Messier 82 | irregular galaxy<br/>interacting galaxy<br/>starburst galaxy<br/>edge-on galaxy<br/>luminous infrared galaxy<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>interacting galaxies | irregular galaxy<br/>interacting galaxy<br/>starburst galaxy<br/>edge-on galaxy<br/>luminous infrared galaxy<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>interacting galaxies |- class='wd_q380' | [[Meta Platforms]] | Meta Platforms | Meta Platforms | public company<br/>online service provider<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>technology company | public company<br/>online service provider<br/>business<br/>technology company |- class='wd_q283789' | [[Metal rectifier]] | metal rectifier | Metal rectifier | | |- class='wd_q15920' | [[Metallica]] | Metallica | Metallica | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q14982' | [[methanol]] | methanol | Methanol | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q179200' | [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | film production company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | film production company<br/>business |- class='wd_q16665897' | [[Metropolis o Lyon]] | Metropolis of Lyon | Metropolis o Lyon | [[metropolis]]<br/>territorial collectivity of France with special status | metropolis<br/>territorial collectivity of France with special status |- class='wd_q174273' | [[meyflee]] | Ephemeroptera | Meyflee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13357' | [[Meänkieli leid]] | Meänkieli | Meänkieli leid | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>leid<br/>minority language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>language<br/>minority language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q128933' | [[Michaëlle Jean]] | Michaëlle Jean | Michaëlle Jean | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10731' | [[Mick Foley]] | Mick Foley | Mick Foley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6838600' | [[Mickey Cobras]] | Mickey Cobras | Mickey Cobras | gang | gang |- class='wd_q188443' | [[Micronaition|Micronation]] | micronation | Micronaition | former or current state | former or current state |- class='wd_q46384' | [[microphone]] | microphone | Microphone | | |- class='wd_q7204' | [[Middle East]] | Middle East | Middle East | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region |- class='wd_q18661' | [[Middlesbrough F.C.]] | Middlesbrough F.C. | Middlesbrough F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q54238' | [[Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut|Middlesex Coonty]] | Middlesex County | Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut | county of Connecticut | county of Connecticut |- class='wd_q355382' | [[Midge Ure]] | Midge Ure | Midge Ure | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q24313' | [[Mike Pence]] | Mike Pence | Mike Pence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185572' | [[Mikel Arteta]] | Mikel Arteta | Mikel Arteta | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q30487' | [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] | Mikhail Gorbachev | Mikhail Gorbachev | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37836' | [[Milwaukee]] | Milwaukee | Milwaukee | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-class city | county seat<br/>big city<br/>first-class city |- class='wd_q49740' | [[Minecraft]] | Minecraft | Minecraft | [[video gemme]]<br/>esports discipline | video game<br/>esports discipline |- class='wd_q3352' | [[Miranda (muin)|Miranda]] | Miranda | Miranda (muin) | moon of Uranus<br/>regular moon | moon of Uranus<br/>regular moon |- class='wd_q5104' | [[Miranda Cosgrove]] | Miranda Cosgrove | Miranda Cosgrove | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3818116' | [[Misao Okawa]] | Misao Okawa | Misao Okawa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q178665' | [[Mitanni]] | Mitanni | Mitanni | kingdom<br/>historical state | kingdom<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q185126' | [[Mithridates VI o Pontus]] | Mithridates VI of Pontus | Mithridates VI o Pontus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q183275' | [[Mitsubishi]] | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi | corporate group<br/>conglomerate<br/>umbrella brand<br/>privately held company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | corporate group<br/>conglomerate<br/>umbrella brand<br/>privately held company<br/>business |- class='wd_q1939855' | [[Mitsubishi Freeca]] | Mitsubishi Freeca | Mitsubishi Freeca | car model | car model |- class='wd_q12244224' | [[Moez Kamoun]] | Moez Kamoun | Moez Kamoun | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6892571' | [[Mohammad bin Salman]] | Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud | Mohammad bin Salman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q310592' | [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]] | Mohammad-Ali Rajai | Mohammad-Ali Rajai | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11369' | [[molecule]] | molecule | Molecule | group or class of chemical entities | group or class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q3074303' | [[Momoko Kōchi]] | Momoko Kōchi | Momoko Kōchi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q116' | [[monarch]] | monarch | Monarch | ryal or noble rank<br/>poseetion | noble title<br/>position |- class='wd_q159496' | [[Moneses]] | Moneses | Moneses | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q33750' | [[Mongolic leids]] | Mongolic | Mongolic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q9246' | [[Mongolien leid|Mongolie leid]] | Mongolian | Mongolien leid | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q78961' | [[Monocotyledon|monocots]] | Q78961 | Monocotyledon | clade | clade |- class='wd_q6901674' | [[Monolit]] | Monolit | Monolit | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q179678' | [[monosodium glutamate]] | monosodium L-glutamate | Monosodium glutamate | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q21790' | [[Monotreme]] | monotreme | Monotreme | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q72303' | [[Moont Ararat]] | Mount Ararat | Moont Ararat | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]] | volcano<br/>mountain<br/>stratovolcano |- class='wd_q215471' | [[Moont Hermon]] | Mount Hermon | Moont Hermon | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>highest point<br/>biblical place | mountain<br/>highest point<br/>biblical place |- class='wd_q172070' | [[Moont Kenyae]] | Mount Kenya | Moont Kenyae | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q60967' | [[Moont Kinabalu]] | Mount Kinabalu | Moont Kinabalu | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>WWF ecoregion | mountain<br/>WWF ecoregion |- class='wd_q120306' | [[Moont Logan]] | Mount Logan | Moont Logan | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q4777' | [[Moont Roraima]] | Mount Roraima | Moont Roraima | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>tepui | mountain<br/>tepui |- class='wd_q18391151' | [[Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station]] | Moorside Nuclear Project | Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station | [[pouer station]] | power station |- class='wd_q1020416' | [[Morazán, El Progreso|Morazán]] | Morazán | Morazán, El Progreso | municipality of Guatemala | municipality of Guatemala |- class='wd_q3901' | [[Moroni, Comoros]] | Moroni | Moroni, Comoros | [[ceety]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>human settlement<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>federal capital<br/>human settlement<br/>big city |- class='wd_q312131' | [[Mosasaurus]] | Mosasaurus | Mosasaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q20511863' | [[Moses Housepian]] | Moses Housepian | Moses Housepian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q175117' | [[Moskva River]] | Moskva River | Moskva River | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q188982' | [[Mount Erebus]] | Mount Erebus | Mount Erebus | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]] | volcano<br/>mountain |- class='wd_q405' | [[Muin]] | Moon | Muin | regular moon<br/>planetary-mass moon<br/>planetary moon | regular moon<br/>planetary-mass moon<br/>planetary moon |- class='wd_q1438673' | [[Mulguy]] | Milngavie | Mulguy | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q111444' | [[Mull]] | Isle of Mull | Mull | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q612229' | [[Municipalities o Estonie]] | municipality of Estonia | Municipalities o Estonie | | |- class='wd_q3500564' | [[Municipalities o Nuevo León]] | Municipalities of Nuevo León | Municipalities o Nuevo León | Dayana | Dayana |- class='wd_q819825' | [[muntain bluebird]] | Sialia currucoides | Muntain bluebird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q233956' | [[Muriel Spark]] | Muriel Spark | Muriel Spark | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q209341' | [[Musala]] | Musala | Musala | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>two-thousander<br/>ultra-prominent peak<br/>highest point<br/>main peak | mountain<br/>two-thousander<br/>ultra-prominent peak<br/>highest point<br/>main peak |- class='wd_q211848' | [[mustang]] | mustang | Mustang | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q5415' | [[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]] | My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic | My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q210975' | [[Mycoplasma]] | Mycoplasma | Mycoplasma | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q41572' | [[Mykolaiv]] | Mykolaiv | Mykolaiv | city in Ukraine | city in Ukraine |- class='wd_q843892' | [[Myricaceae]] | Myricaceae | Myricaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q839805' | [[Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina|Myrtle Beach]] | Myrtle Beach | Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q849822' | [[Mägo de Oz]] | Mägo de Oz | Mägo de Oz | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q932791' | [[Nae true Scotsman]] | no true Scotsman | Nae true Scotsman | | |- class='wd_q168193' | [[Najaf]] | Najaf | Najaf | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q517' | [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] | Napoleon | Napoleon | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9174561' | [[Nardus]] | Nardus | Nardus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q217096' | [[Naruhito]] | Naruhito | Naruhito | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q159426' | [[narwhal]] | narwhal | Narwhal | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23197' | [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] | Nashville | Nashville, Tennessee | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q26334' | [[National Rail]] | National Rail | National Rail | transport network<br/>brand name | transport network<br/>brand name |- class='wd_q7184' | [[NATO]] | NATO | NATO | intergovrenmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>military alliance<br/>multinational military coalition | intergovernmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>military alliance<br/>multinational military coalition |- class='wd_q4508' | [[Navy]] | navy | Navy | militar branch | military branch |- class='wd_q37400' | [[Naypyidaw]] | Naypyidaw | Naypyidaw | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>planned national capital<br/>town in Myanmar | city<br/>big city<br/>planned national capital<br/>town in Myanmar |- class='wd_q4796' | [[Naypyidaw Union Territory]] | Naypyidaw Union Territory | Naypyidaw Union Territory | union territory of Myanmar | union territory of Myanmar |- class='wd_q683695' | [[Nazareth (baund)|Nazareth]] | Nazareth | Nazareth (baund) | rock baund | rock band |- class='wd_q75818970' | [[Neale Hanvey]] | Neale Hanvey | Neale Hanvey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181843' | [[necrophilia]] | necrophilia | Necrophilia | psychosexual disorder | psychosexual disorder |- class='wd_q6988888' | [[Neil M. Gunn]] | Neil M. Gunn | Neil M. Gunn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16528' | [[Nelumbo nucifera]] | Nelumbo nucifera | Nelumbo nucifera | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5185' | [[nematode]] | Nematoda | Nematode | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5186' | [[Nematomorpha]] | Nematomorpha | Nematomorpha | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185631' | [[Nemertea]] | Nemertea | Nemertea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185747' | [[Nemesis (meethologie)|Nemesis]] | Nemesis | Nemesis (meethologie) | [[Oceanid|Okeanid]]<br/>Greek deity | Oceanids<br/>Greek deity |- class='wd_q153996' | [[Nena]] | Nena | Nena | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q217530' | [[Nepenthes]] | Nepenthes | Nepenthes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7408434' | [[Nevada City, Nevada|Nevada City]] | Nevada City | Nevada City, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q207794' | [[Nevis]] | Nevis | Nevis | [[island]]<br/>constituent state<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion | island<br/>federated state<br/>first-level administrative division |- class='wd_q34404' | [[New Orleans]] | New Orleans | New Orleans | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q60' | [[New York Ceety]] | New York City | New York Ceety | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety<br/>ceeties in New York<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>port city<br/>city in the state of New York<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q131364' | [[New York Knicks]] | New York Knicks | New York Knicks | basketball team | basketball team |- class='wd_q142794' | [[Neymar]] | Neymar | Neymar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q154958' | [[Nickelodeon]] | Nickelodeon | Nickelodeon | specialty channel<br/>televeesion station<br/>cable channel | specialty channel<br/>television station<br/>cable channel |- class='wd_q30302391' | [[Nicolas van Beveren]] | Nicolas van Beveren | Nicolas van Beveren | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80968' | [[nihilism]] | nihilism | Nihilism | doctrine | doctrine |- class='wd_q813935' | [[Nihon Shoki]] | Nihon Shoki | Nihon Shoki | historical non-fiction work | historical non-fiction work |- class='wd_q152218' | [[Nine Years' War]] | Nine Years' War | Nine Years' War | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q50825725' | [[Ninja (streamer)|Ninja]] | Ninja | Ninja (streamer) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19610114' | [[Nintendo Switch]] | Q19610114 | Nintendo Switch | product model | product model |- class='wd_q83320' | [[nitric acid]] | nitric acid | Nitric acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q162867' | [[nitroglycerin]] | nitroglycerin | Nitroglycerin | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q35637' | [[Nobel Peace Prize]] | Nobel Peace Prize | Nobel Peace Prize | peace award | peace award |- class='wd_q7047857' | [[Nokhur]] | Nohur | Nokhur | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q34708' | [[Norfolk (disambiguation)|Norfolk]] | Norfolk | Norfolk (disambiguation) | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q40347' | [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]] | Norman | Norman, Oklahoma | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1999640' | [[Norman Lloyd]] | Norman Lloyd | Norman Lloyd | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q160318' | [[Norodom Sihanouk]] | Norodom Sihanouk | Norodom Sihanouk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188779' | [[Norse fowk]] | Norwegians | Norse fowk | nation<br/>[[population]]<br/>[[ethnic group]] | nation<br/>human population<br/>ethnic group |- class='wd_q23086' | [[North Yorkshire]] | North Yorkshire | North Yorkshire | ceremonial county of England | ceremonial county of England |- class='wd_q190978' | [[Norlin Airlan natiounal fitba team|Northren Ireland naitional fitbaa team]] | Northern Ireland men's national association football team | Norlin Airlan natiounal fitba team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q23079' | [[Northumberland]] | Northumberland | Northumberland | ceremonial county of England<br/>non-metropolitan county<br/>unitary authority area | ceremonial county of England<br/>non-metropolitan county<br/>unitary authority area |- class='wd_q1552306' | [[Eastren esk|Notophthalmus viridescens]] | Notophthalmus viridescens | Eastren esk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6458' | [[Nova]] | nova | Nova | astronomical phenomenon<br/>astronomical object type | astronomical phenomenon<br/>astronomical object type |- class='wd_q11429' | [[nuclear fission]] | nuclear fission | Nuclear fission | nuclear reaction | nuclear reaction |- class='wd_q134447' | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant | Nuclear pouer station | | |- class='wd_q19921' | [[nuclear winter]] | nuclear winter | Nuclear winter | scientific hypothesis | scientific hypothesis |- class='wd_q489898' | [[Nukus]] | Nukus | Nukus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q242419' | [[numbat]] | numbat | Numbat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2004891' | [[numerical linear algebra]] | numerical linear algebra | Numerical linear algebra | aurie o mathematics | branch of mathematics |- class='wd_q541182' | [[numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]] | numerical method for ordinary differential equations | Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations | | |- class='wd_q147030' | [[Nymphaea alba]] | Nymphaea alba | Nymphaea alba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q375095' | [[Obligado]] | Obligado | Obligado | municipality of Paraguay | municipality of Paraguay |- class='wd_q131012' | [[Occam's razor]] | Occam's razor | Occam's razor | aphorism<br/>philosophical razor<br/>heuristic argument<br/>epigrammatic law | aphorism<br/>philosophical razor<br/>heuristic argument<br/>epigrammatic law |- class='wd_q182090' | [[oceanic climate]] | oceanic climate | Oceanic climate | category in the Köppen climate classification systems | category in the Köppen climate classification systems |- class='wd_q33261' | [[ocelot]] | ocelot | Ocelot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25331' | [[Odense]] | Odense | Odense | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | big city |- class='wd_q35160' | [[Odyssey]] | Odyssey | Odyssey | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q82037' | [[okapi]] | Okapia johnstoni | Okapi | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q34863' | [[Oklahoma City]] | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma City | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1271501' | [[Old Blind Dogs]] | Old Blind Dogs | Old Blind Dogs | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q183529' | [[Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex]] | Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex | Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex | Multi-purpose stadium | Multi-purpose stadium |- class='wd_q51053' | [[Olivar]] | Olivar | Olivar | commune o Chile | commune of Chile |- class='wd_q208561' | [[olive baboon]] | olive baboon | Olive baboon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q282385' | [[Olive ridley sea turtle]] | Lepidochelys olivacea | Olive ridley sea turtle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216929' | [[Oliver & Company]] | Oliver & Company | Oliver & Company | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q95068' | [[Olivia de Havilland]] | Olivia de Havilland | Olivia de Havilland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q82765' | [[Olsztyn]] | Olsztyn | Olsztyn | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi powiat richts<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>city with powiat rights in Poland<br/>big city |- class='wd_q19628' | [[Olympiacos F.C.]] | Olympiacos F.C. | Olympiacos F.C. | men's association football team | men's association football team |- class='wd_q2221316' | [[Ommatoiulus sabulosus]] | Ommatoiulus sabulosus | Ommatoiulus sabulosus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5191' | [[Onychophora]] | Onychophora | Onychophora | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4169' | [[Ooter space]] | outer space | Ooter space | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q21834' | [[opossum]] | Q21834 | Opossum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2028096' | [[Orange]] | Orange | Orange | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1345321' | [[Orange Order]] | Orange Order | Orange Order | fraternal organization<br/>releegious organization | fraternal organization<br/>religious organization |- class='wd_q14420' | [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Order of the British Empire]] | Order of the British Empire | Order o the Breetish Empire | awaird<br/>chivalric order<br/>title o honor | award<br/>order of chivalry<br/>title of honor |- class='wd_q1642345' | [[Orkneyinga saga]] | Orkneyinga saga | Orkneyinga saga | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q33864' | [[Oromo leid]] | Oromo | Oromo leid | leid<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q1327535' | [[orpie]] | Hylotelephium telephium | Orpie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57751738' | [[Coronavirus|Orthocoronavirinae]] | Orthocoronavirinae | Coronavirus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3333484' | [[Orthodox Christianity]] | Eastern Orthodoxy | Orthodox Christianity | Christian denomination<br/>Christian denominational family | Christian denomination<br/>Christian denominational family |- class='wd_q19497' | [[Oscar (fitbawer, born 1991)|Oscar]] | Oscar | Oscar (fitbawer, born 1991) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46491' | [[Osiris]] | Osiris | Osiris | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>dying-and-rising deity<br/>naitur deity | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>dying-and-rising deity<br/>nature deity |- class='wd_q1930' | [[Ottawa]] | Ottawa | Ottawa | federal caipital<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>single-tier municipality<br/>census subdivision in Canada<br/>census division of Canada | federal capital<br/>big city<br/>single-tier municipality<br/>census subdivision in Canada<br/>census division of Canada |- class='wd_q57065' | [[Otto Hahn]] | Otto Hahn | Otto Hahn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157106' | [[Ottonian dynasty]] | Ottonian dynasty | Ottonian dynasty | dynasty | dynasty |- class='wd_q209338' | [[Oxnard, Californie|Oxnard]] | Oxnard | Oxnard, Californie | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q107635' | [[Paektu Muntain]] | Baekdu Mountain | Paektu Muntain | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]]<br/>territory<br/>sacred mountain | mountain<br/>stratovolcano<br/>territory<br/>sacred mountain |- class='wd_q11010' | [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]] | Parliament of the United Kingdom | Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick | parliament<br/>bicameral legislature | parliament<br/>bicameral legislature |- class='wd_q166794' | [[Pallas's cat]] | Pallas's cat | Pallas's cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4126704' | [[Common chimpanzee|Pan troglodytes]] | chimpanzee | Common chimpanzee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q204888' | [[PAOK FC]] | PAOK FC | PAOK FC | men's association football team | men's association football team |- class='wd_q146391' | [[Papaver]] | Papaver | Papaver | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178799' | [[Pape Benedict IX]] | Benedict IX | Pape Benedict IX | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q118081' | [[Pape Celestine V]] | Celestine V | Pape Celestine V | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42887' | [[Pape Clement I]] | Clement | Pape Clement I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170863' | [[Pape Clement VI]] | Clement VI | Pape Clement VI | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q227694' | [[Pape Gregory XII]] | Gregory XII | Pape Gregory XII | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q179702' | [[Pape John XVIII]] | John XVIII | Pape John XVIII | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q104798' | [[Pape Lando]] | Lando | Pape Lando | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43954' | [[Pape Leo I]] | Leo I | Pape Leo I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q132113' | [[Pape Pontian]] | Pontian | Pape Pontian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1317905' | [[Papilio polymnestor]] | Papilio polymnestor | Papilio polymnestor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q274388' | [[Paracel Islands]] | Paracel Islands | Paracel Islands | airchipelago<br/>disputed territory | archipelago<br/>disputed territory |- class='wd_q733' | [[Paraguay]] | Paraguay | Paraguay | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q663181' | [[Pararge aegeria]] | Speckled Wood | Pararge aegeria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205716' | [[Parazoa]] | Q205716 | Parazoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q167646' | [[Paris (meethologie)|Paris]] | Paris | Paris (meethologie) | mythological Greek character | mythological Greek character |- class='wd_q794866' | [[Paris in the 20th Century]] | Paris in the Twentieth Century | Paris in the 20th Century | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q715935' | [[Park (Korean surname)|Park]] | Park | Park (Korean surname) | faimily name | family name |- class='wd_q31431' | [[Paurit|parrot]] | parrot | Paurit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q188614' | [[parsnip]] | Pastinaca sativa | Parsnip | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58680' | [[Pashto leid]] | Pashto | Pashto leid | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q28753' | [[Passer]] | Passer | Passer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q288419' | [[Pau FC]] | Pau Football Club | Pau FC | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q3372291' | [[Paul an Erlend Thorfinnsson]] | Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson | Paul an Erlend Thorfinnsson | brother duo | brother duo |- class='wd_q128529' | [[Paul Martin]] | Paul Martin | Paul Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25237' | [[pease]] | Pisum sativum | Pease | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184624' | [[peat]] | peat | Peat | | |- class='wd_q939' | [[Pedro I o Brazil|Pedro I]] | Pedro I of Brazil | Pedro I o Brazil | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156774' | [[Pedro II o Brazil]] | Pedro II of Brazil | Pedro II o Brazil | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9147' | [[penguin]] | penguin | Penguin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58' | [[Pintle|Penis]] | penis | Pintle | [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]] | organ |- class='wd_q702220' | [[Pennsylvanie Dutch]] | Pennsylvania Dutch | Pennsylvanie Dutch | ethnographic group | ethnographic group |- class='wd_q7163723' | [[Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis]] | Pennsylvania Dutch English | Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis | leid | language |- class='wd_q7165456' | [[People's Alliance Pairty (Albainie)]] | People's Alliance Party | People's Alliance Pairty (Albainie) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q1232528' | [[Percheron]] | Percheron | Percheron | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q127595' | [[Perciformes]] | Perciformes | Perciformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q469706' | [[Percy Montgomery]] | Percy Montgomery | Percy Montgomery | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q172118' | [[Percy Williams Bridgman]] | Percy Williams Bridgman | Percy Williams Bridgman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45967' | [[Persephone]] | Persephone | Persephone | Greek deity | Greek deity |- class='wd_q189762' | [[Peter Carl Fabergé]] | Peter Carl Fabergé | Peter Carl Fabergé | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2074518' | [[Peter Deuflhard]] | Peter Deuflhard | Peter Deuflhard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q825781' | [[Peugeot 405]] | Peugeot 405 | Peugeot 405 | car model | car model |- class='wd_q13423853' | [[PewDiePie]] | PewDiePie | PewDiePie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q104837' | [[Phase (maiter)|phase]] | phase | Phase (maiter) | | |- class='wd_q173227' | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant | Physical constant | | |- class='wd_q130336' | [[phenol]] | phenol | Phenol | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q34417' | [[Philip II o Spain]] | Philip II of Spain | Philip II o Spain | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1817' | [[Philip the Arab]] | Philip the Arab | Philip the Arab | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155004' | [[Philippe o Belgium]] | Philippe of Belgium | Philippe o Belgium | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185213' | [[Philippine eagle]] | Philippine Eagle | Philippine eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q652973' | [[Buford, Wyoming|PhinDeli Town Buford]] | Buford | Buford, Wyoming | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q217679' | [[Phineas and Ferb]] | Phineas and Ferb | Phineas and Ferb | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q26913' | [[Phoca vitulina]] | Phoca vitulina | Phoca vitulina | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q164177' | [[Phoenix Suns]] | Phoenix Suns | Phoenix Suns | basketball team | basketball team |- class='wd_q23513' | [[Phong Nha-Ke Bang]] | Phong Nha–Ke Bang National Park | Phong Nha-Ke Bang | national park of Vietnam | national park of Vietnam |- class='wd_q238147' | [[Pico de Orizaba]] | Citlaltepetl | Pico de Orizaba | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q26764' | [[Pieris brassicae]] | Pieris brassicae | Pieris brassicae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1064335' | [[Pig War (1859)|Pig War]] | Pig War | Pig War (1859) | [[war]]<br/>territorial dispute | war<br/>territorial dispute |- class='wd_q2756715' | [[Pimpa]] | Pimpa | Pimpa | comics character<br/>fictional dog | comics character<br/>fictional dog |- class='wd_q404116' | [[Pingdingshan]] | Pingdingshan | Pingdingshan | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q132825' | [[Pinophyta]] | conifer | Pinophyta | [[taxon]]<br/>monotypic taxon | taxon<br/>monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q12024' | [[Pine|Pinus]] | Pinus | Pine | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14371' | [[Pinwheel Galaxy]] | Pinwheel Galaxy | Pinwheel Galaxy | interacting galaxy | interacting galaxy |- class='wd_q156522' | [[Piperaceae]] | Piperaceae | Piperaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25634' | [[pirr-maw]] | Black-headed Gull | Pirr-maw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36071' | [[pistachio]] | Pistacia vera | Pistachio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45227' | [[Piston]] | piston | Piston | | |- class='wd_q1212935' | [[Efterbirth|placenta]] | placenta | Efterbirth | [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q25833' | [[Placentalia]] | Placentalia | Placentalia | clade | clade |- class='wd_q131040' | [[Placozoa]] | Placozoa | Placozoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27098' | [[plaice]] | Pleuronectes platessa | Plaice | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q245305' | [[plains zebra]] | Equus quagga | Plains zebra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q10251' | [[Plasma (pheesics)|plasma]] | plasma | Plasma (pheesics) | fundamental state o the matter<br/>classical state of matter | fundamental state of matter<br/>classical state of matter |- class='wd_q130948' | [[Plasmodium]] | Q130948 | Plasmodium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15343' | [[platypus]] | platypus | Platypus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q63184502' | [[PlayStation 5]] | Q63184502 | PlayStation 5 | product model | product model |- class='wd_q1290516' | [[Plymouth Breeze]] | Plymouth Breeze | Plymouth Breeze | car model | car model |- class='wd_q19520' | [[Podolsk]] | Podolsk | Podolsk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q33609' | [[polar beir]] | Ursus maritimus | Polar beir | [[taxon]]<br/>apex predator | taxon<br/>apex predator |- class='wd_q35535' | [[polis]] | police | Polis | | |- class='wd_q933402' | [[Polis box]] | police box | Polis box | | |- class='wd_q7228412' | [[Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway]] | Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway | Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway | Heritage railwey | heritage railway |- class='wd_q25356' | [[Populus]] | Populus | Populus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q125434' | [[Port Elizabeth]] | Gqeberha | Port Elizabeth | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety | city<br/>big city<br/>port city |- class='wd_q935482' | [[Port Orchard, Washington|Port Orchard]] | Port Orchard | Port Orchard, Washington | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q986325' | [[Port Safaga]] | Safaga | Port Safaga | [[ceety]]<br/>resort town<br/>port ceety | city<br/>resort town<br/>port city |- class='wd_q6106' | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] | Portland | Portland, Oregon | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Oregon | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city of Oregon |- class='wd_q36433' | [[Porto]] | Porto | Porto | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Portugal | big city<br/>municipality of Portugal |- class='wd_q3799' | [[Porto-Novo]] | Porto-Novo | Porto-Novo | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q200464' | [[Portuguese Empire]] | Portuguese Empire | Portuguese Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q21648810' | [[Power Rangers (film)|Pouer Rangers]] | Power Rangers | Power Rangers (film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q11696' | [[Preses o the Unitit States|Preses o the Unitit States o Americae]] | President of the United States | Preses o the Unitit States | elective office | elective office |- class='wd_q377968' | [[Pressurized watter reactor]] | pressurized water reactor | Pressurized watter reactor | | |- class='wd_q951376' | [[Preston, Georgie|Preston]] | Preston | Preston, Georgie | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q319145' | [[Prime Meenister o Australie]] | Prime Minister of Australia | Prime Meenister o Australie | public offeecial | public office |- class='wd_q157115' | [[Primulaceae]] | Primulaceae | Primulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q152316' | [[Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex|Prince Harry o Wales]] | Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex | Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26337' | [[Blue shairk|Prionace glauca]] | Prionace glauca | Blue shairk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212405' | [[Procter & Gamble]] | Procter & Gamble | Procter & Gamble | industrial manufacturing<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | industrial manufacturing<br/>public company<br/>business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q484344' | [[Progressive metal]] | progressive metal | Progressive metal | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q273120' | [[protest]] | protest | Protest | form of event | form of event |- class='wd_q7251617' | [[Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707]] | Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707 | Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707 | Act of the Parliament of Scotland | Act of the Parliament of Scotland |- class='wd_q2294' | [[proton]] | proton | Proton | type of quantum particle | type of quantum particle |- class='wd_q5171' | [[Protostome|Protostomia]] | protostome | Protostome | [[taxon]]<br/>clade | taxon<br/>clade |- class='wd_q504628' | [[PIRA (Provos)|Proveesional Irish Republican Airmy]] | Provisional Irish Republican Army | PIRA (Provos) | paramilitary organization<br/>poleetical organisation | paramilitary organization<br/>political organization |- class='wd_q15119' | [[Province o Roum]] | Province of Rome | Province o Roum | former province of Italy | former province of Italy |- class='wd_q5098' | [[Provinces o Indonesie]] | province of Indonesia | Provinces o Indonesie | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country |- class='wd_q841753' | [[Provinces o Iraq]] | governorate of Iraq | Provinces o Iraq | | |- class='wd_q50399' | [[Provinces o Mongolie]] | province of Mongolia | Provinces o Mongolie | | |- class='wd_q191093' | [[Provinces o Sooth Africae]] | province of South Africa | Provinces o Sooth Africae | type o admeenistrative diveesions | administrative territorial entity type |- class='wd_q134390' | [[Provinces o the Netherlands]] | province of the Netherlands | Provinces o the Netherlands | | |- class='wd_q190545' | [[Prunus]] | Prunus | Prunus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q37453' | [[Prunus armeniaca]] | Prunus armeniaca | Prunus armeniaca | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19119' | [[pseudoscorpion]] | pseudoscorpion | Pseudoscorpion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q166843' | [[Psidium guajava]] | Psidium guajava | Psidium guajava | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q366886' | [[psychopathy]] | psychopathy | Psychopathy | personality disorder<br/>personality type<br/>personality trait | personality disorder<br/>personality type<br/>personality trait |- class='wd_q904250' | [[Psychotria]] | Psychotria | Psychotria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q245060' | [[Pteranodon]] | Q245060 | Pteranodon | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q848656' | [[pudú]] | Pudú | Pudú | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q270748' | [[Puma (genus)|Puma]] | Puma | Puma (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1045888' | [[Puncak Jaya]] | Puncak Jaya | Puncak Jaya | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q1538' | [[Pune]] | Pune | Pune | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q1797' | [[Pupienus]] | Pupienus | Pupienus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q50415393' | [[Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal]] | poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal | Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal | attempted murder<br/>poisoning<br/>international incident | attempted murder<br/>poisoning<br/>international incident |- class='wd_q1627100' | [[Putting Pants on Philip]] | Putting Pants on Philip | Putting Pants on Philip | short film | short film |- class='wd_q18808' | [[Pyongyang]] | Pyongyang | Pyongyang | [[ceety]]<br/>direct-controlled municipality<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>largest city | city<br/>direct-controlled municipality<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q25307' | [[Pyot]] | Eurasian Magpie | Pyot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q244236' | [[Qabala]] | Qabala | Qabala | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q170208' | [[Quaiker|Quaker]] | Quakers | Quaiker | [[releegion]]<br/>worldview<br/>Christian denominational family | religion<br/>worldview<br/>Christian denominational family |- class='wd_q944' | [[quantum mechanics]] | quantum mechanics | Quantum mechanics | physical theory<br/>branch of mechanics | physical theory<br/>branch of mechanics |- class='wd_q2145' | [[Quebec Ceety]] | Quebec City | Quebec Ceety | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town of Quebec<br/>territory outside RCM in Quebec | big city<br/>city or town of Quebec<br/>territory outside RCM in Quebec |- class='wd_q5218' | [[Quechuan leids]] | Quechua | Quechuan leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]]<br/>natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language<br/>human language | language family<br/>natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language<br/>human language |- class='wd_q9439' | [[Queen Victoria]] | Victoria | Queen Victoria | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q18723' | [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Pairk Rangers F.C.]] | Queens Park Rangers F.C. | Queens Park Rangers F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q131186' | [[queir]] | choir | Queir | type of musical group | type of musical group |- class='wd_q2900' | [[Quito]] | Quito | Quito | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q742082' | [[R. R. McIan]] | R. R. McIan | R. R. McIan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q121439' | [[raccoon]] | raccoon | Raccoon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q570611' | [[Radegast (god)|Radegast]] | Radogost | Radegast (god) | Slavic deity | Slavic deity |- class='wd_q3332922' | [[radioactive decay]] | radioactive decay | Radioactive decay | | |- class='wd_q10132' | [[Rafael Nadal]] | Rafael Nadal | Rafael Nadal | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q388201' | [[Railwey electrification seestem]] | railway electrification system | Railwey electrification seestem | | |- class='wd_q1523' | [[Ramesses II]] | Ramesses II | Ramesses II | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174461' | [[Ranchi]] | Ranchi | Ranchi | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital | big city<br/>state capital |- class='wd_q213356' | [[Ranunculus repens]] | Ranunculus repens | Ranunculus repens | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190444' | [[Rare-earth element]] | rare earth element | Rare-earth element | | |- class='wd_q840849' | [[ratite]] | Struthioniformes | Ratite | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27102' | [[Couter neb|Razorbill]] | Razorbill | Couter neb | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9510' | [[Reality]] | reality | Reality | concept<br/>psychology concept | concept<br/>psychology concept |- class='wd_q174102' | [[refractive index]] | refractive index | Refractive index | | |- class='wd_q9794' | [[reggae]] | reggae | Reggae | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q207350' | [[Rehovot]] | Rehovot | Rehovot | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q79794' | [[reid deer]] | red deer | Reid deer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q53462' | [[reid kangaroo]] | Macropus rufus | Reid kangaroo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q41960' | [[reid panda]] | Red Panda | Reid panda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8332' | [[reid tod]] | red fox | Reid tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q232906' | [[reid-crouned crane]] | Red-crowned Crane | Reid-crouned crane | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26545' | [[reidcoll]] | Armoracia rusticana | Reidcoll | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27631' | [[Remembrance Day]] | Remembrance Day | Remembrance Day | public holiday | public holiday |- class='wd_q28113354' | [[Renewable Heat Incentive scandal]] | Renewable Heat Incentive scandal | Renewable Heat Incentive scandal | political scandal | political scandal |- class='wd_q9191' | [[René Descartes]] | René Descartes | René Descartes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3427179' | [[Renée Simonot]] | Renée Simonot | Renée Simonot | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q971' | [[Republic o the Congo]] | Republic of the Congo | Republic o the Congo | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q181803' | [[Return o the Jedi]] | Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi | Return o the Jedi | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q748139' | [[Reversi]] | Othello | Reversi | solved game<br/>mind sport<br/>game on cell board | solved game<br/>mind sport<br/>game on cell board |- class='wd_q157649' | [[Sumac|Rhus]] | Rhus | Sumac | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q22691' | [[Ribes]] | Ribes | Ribes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q42244' | [[ribosome]] | ribosome | Ribosome | cellular component | cellular component |- class='wd_q44546' | [[Ric Flair]] | Ric Flair | Ric Flair | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q151973' | [[Richard Burton]] | Richard Burton | Richard Burton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7326502' | [[Richard Holland]] | Richard Holland | Richard Holland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q128799' | [[Ricky Martin]] | Q128799 | Ricky Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1771398' | [[Riffa]] | Riffa | Riffa | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q185385' | [[ring-tailed lemur]] | ring-tailed lemur | Ring-tailed lemur | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q224557' | [[Rio]] | Rio | Rio | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q19724' | [[River Mersey]] | River Mersey | River Mersey | main stem | main stem |- class='wd_q2304466' | [[River Sooth Esk]] | River South Esk | River Sooth Esk | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q1249255' | [[Riyadh Region|Riyadh Province]] | Riyadh Province | Riyadh Region | province of Saudi Arabia | province of Saudi Arabia |- class='wd_q7339733' | [[Roamin' in the gloamin]] | Roamin' In The Gloamin' | Roamin' in the gloamin | musical work/composition | musical work/composition |- class='wd_q83338' | [[Robin Williams]] | Robin Williams | Robin Williams | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1631437' | [[Rock-a-Doodle]] | Rock-a-Doodle | Rock-a-Doodle | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q94893' | [[Rockstar North]] | Q94893 | Rockstar North | [[video gemme developer]] | video game developer |- class='wd_q457786' | [[Rodrigo Duterte]] | Rodrigo Duterte | Rodrigo Duterte | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q218' | [[Roumainie|Romanie]] | Romania | Roumainie | [[kintra]]<br/>[[naition state]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>nation state<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q250049' | [[Romanie mafia]] | Romanian mafia | Romanie mafia | | |- class='wd_q9960' | [[Ronald Reagan]] | Ronald Reagan | Ronald Reagan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7365246' | [[Ronald Ross]] | Ronald Ross | Ronald Ross | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1525' | [[roondaboot]] | roundabout | Roondaboot | | |- class='wd_q1754320' | [[Rootes Group]] | Rootes Group | Rootes Group | brand<br/>automobile manufacturer<br/>auto racing team | brand<br/>automobile manufacturer<br/>auto racing team |- class='wd_q46299' | [[Rosaceae]] | Rosaceae | Rosaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21895' | [[Rosales]] | Q21895 | Rosales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3442214' | [[Rosalie Lamorlière]] | Rosalie Lamorlière | Rosalie Lamorlière | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7474' | [[Rosalind Franklin]] | Rosalind Franklin | Rosalind Franklin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q208060' | [[Rose-ringed parakeet|Rose-ringed Parakeet]] | Rose-ringed Parakeet | Rose-ringed parakeet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q295212' | [[Rosen Plevneliev]] | Rosen Plevneliev | Rosen Plevneliev | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q338878' | [[rosids]] | Rosids | Rosids | clade | clade |- class='wd_q2624680' | [[Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service]] | Federal State Statistics Service | Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service | statistical service<br/>Federal service (Russian Federation) | statistical service<br/>Federal service (Russian Federation) |- class='wd_q4120572' | [[Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley]] | Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley | Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q602740' | [[Rubus]] | Rubus | Rubus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5849' | [[Rugby union]] | rugby union | Rugby union | type o sport<br/>team sport | type of sport<br/>team sport |- class='wd_q304290' | [[Rugrats]] | Rugrats | Rugrats | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q151993' | [[Ruhr]] | Ruhr Region | Ruhr | conurbation<br/>[[Metropolitan area|metropolitan aurie]]<br/>functional urban area | conurbation<br/>metropolitan area<br/>functional urban area |- class='wd_q160173' | [[Ruse, Bulgarie|Ruse]] | Ruse | Ruse, Bulgarie | border city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality seat<br/>oblast seat<br/>city in Bulgaria | border city<br/>big city<br/>municipality seat<br/>oblast seat<br/>city in Bulgaria |- class='wd_q146030' | [[Rutaceae]] | Rutaceae | Rutaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11116' | [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q232260' | [[Ruth Rendell]] | Ruth Rendell | Ruth Rendell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2727336' | [[Ryal Staundart o Scotland]] | Royal Standard of Scotland | Ryal Staundart o Scotland | royal standard | royal standard |- class='wd_q192682' | [[Ryan Reynolds]] | Ryan Reynolds | Ryan Reynolds | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2746' | [[Ryazan]] | Ryazan | Ryazan | admeenistrative-territorial entity o Roushie<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town | administrative divisions of Russia<br/>big city<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q658065' | [[Rydberg constant]] | Rydberg constant | Rydberg constant | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant |- class='wd_q240051' | [[Ryoko Tani]] | Ryoko Tani | Ryoko Tani | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q29272' | [[Ryugyong Hottle|Ryugyong Hotel]] | Ryugyong Hotel | Ryugyong Hottle | skyscraper<br/>hottle<br/>mixed-use development | skyscraper<br/>hotel<br/>mixed-use development |- class='wd_q6897416' | [[Ryukyu Isles]] | Ryukyu Islands | Ryukyu Isles | island group | island group |- class='wd_q2109400' | [[Rögnvald Kali Kolsson]] | Rögnvald Kali Kolsson | Rögnvald Kali Kolsson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q295994' | [[Rüppell's tod]] | Rüppell's fox | Rüppell's tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76338' | [[Sabine Lisicki]] | Sabine Lisicki | Sabine Lisicki | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q18013' | [[Sacramento, Californie|Sacramento]] | Sacramento | Sacramento, Californie | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>charter ceety | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>charter city |- class='wd_q16049782' | [[Sadaf Taherian]] | Sadaf Taherian | Sadaf Taherian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188336' | [[Safed]] | Safed | Safed | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q147538' | [[Define:Saft drink|saft drink]] | soft drink | Define:Saft drink | type of drink | type of drink |- class='wd_q677952' | [[Saint-Florent]] | Saint-Florent | Saint-Florent | [[veelage]]<br/>commune o Fraunce | village<br/>commune of France |- class='wd_q589980' | [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]] | Saint-Pierre | Saint-Pierre, Martinique | commune o Fraunce | commune of France |- class='wd_q134635' | [[Saitama]] | Saitama | Saitama | [[Ceeties o Japan|ceety o Japan]]<br/>satellite city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city designated by government ordinance<br/>city for international conferences and tourism<br/>educational town<br/>prefectural capital of Japan<br/>de facto national capital | city of Japan<br/>satellite city<br/>big city<br/>city designated by government ordinance<br/>city for international conferences and tourism<br/>educational town<br/>prefectural capital of Japan<br/>de facto national capital |- class='wd_q76833058' | [[Salaam Kivu International Film Festival]] | Salaam Kivu International Film Festival | Salaam Kivu International Film Festival | film festival | film festival |- class='wd_q610524' | [[Salamina, Caldas|Salamina]] | Salamina | Salamina, Caldas | [[Municipalities o Colombie]] | municipality of Colombia |- class='wd_q36050' | [[Willae|Salix]] | Salix | Willae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23337' | [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake Ceety]] | Salt Lake City | Salt Lake City | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q623222' | [[Sam & Cat]] | Sam & Cat | Sam & Cat | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q12150341' | [[Samanid Empire]] | Samanid Empire | Samanid Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q17422' | [[Same-sex mairiage|Same-sex mairage]] | same-sex marriage | Same-sex mairiage | legal relationship | legal relationship |- class='wd_q56463' | [[Sami leids]] | Sámi | Sami leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q16193885' | [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] | Samia Suluhu Hassan | Samia Suluhu Hassan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7410064' | [[Samoé]] | Samoé | Samoé | subprefecture of Guinea | subprefecture of Guinea |- class='wd_q1132747' | [[Samue]] | samue | Samue | | |- class='wd_q50139' | [[San Benedetto dei Marsi]] | San Benedetto dei Marsi | San Benedetto dei Marsi | comune o Italy | comune of Italy |- class='wd_q16553' | [[San Jose, Californie|San Jose]] | San Jose | San Jose, Californie | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>charter ceety | county seat<br/>big city<br/>charter city |- class='wd_q173718' | [[San José]] | San José | San José | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q21010219' | [[San Juan, Nevada|San Juan]] | San Juan | San Juan, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q41211' | [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]] | San Juan | San Juan, Puerto Rico | municipality of Puerto Rico<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | municipality of Puerto Rico<br/>big city |- class='wd_q2067282' | [[San Julián de los Prados]] | San Julián de los Prados | San Julián de los Prados | [[kirk]]<br/>basilica<br/>Monument (Spain) | church building<br/>basilica<br/>Monument (Spain) |- class='wd_q78980' | [[San Luis Potosí]] | San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | state of Mexico | state of Mexico |- class='wd_q40791' | [[Sandra Bullock]] | Sandra Bullock | Sandra Bullock | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12354937' | [[Santa Inés Yatzeche]] | Santa Inés Yatzeche Municipality | Santa Inés Yatzeche | [[Municipalities o Mexico]] | municipality of Mexico |- class='wd_q59669' | [[Sao Vang Airport]] | Tho Xuan Airport | Sao Vang Airport | airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome | airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome |- class='wd_q26316' | [[Sapindales]] | Q26316 | Sapindales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q158981' | [[Sapotaceae]] | Sapotaceae | Sapotaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q270878' | [[Sarah McLeod]] | Sarah McLeod | Sarah McLeod | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83891' | [[Sasanian Empire]] | Sasanian Empire | Sasanian Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q131532' | [[Sassafras]] | Sassafras | Sassafras | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2107439' | [[Satellite Beach, Florida|Satellite Beach]] | Satellite Beach | Satellite Beach, Florida | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q44269' | [[Saunt Nicholas]] | Saint Nicholas | Saunt Nicholas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11254' | [[saut]] | table salt | Saut | mixtur<br/>ingredient | mixture<br/>ingredient |- class='wd_q1135526' | [[sautie]] | common dab | Sautie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q182599' | [[sautwatter crocodile]] | Crocodylus porosus | Sautwatter crocodile | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7428063' | [[Save Ulster from Sodomy]] | Save Ulster from Sodomy | Save Ulster from Sodomy | political campaign | political campaign |- class='wd_q838665' | [[Saxicola rubicola]] | European Stonechat | Saxicola rubicola | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156146' | [[Saxifraga]] | Saxifraga | Saxifraga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2543932' | [[Saxifragaceae]] | Saxifragaceae | Saxifragaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21855' | [[Saxifragales]] | Saxifragales | Saxifragales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1167098' | [[Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides|Scalpay]] | Scalpay | Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q2300959' | [[Scarsdale]] | Scarsdale | Scarsdale | toun o the Unitit States<br/>village of New York<br/>town of New York<br/>coterminous town-village of New York | town in the United States<br/>village of New York<br/>town of New York<br/>coterminous town-village of New York |- class='wd_q483941' | [[Schindler's List]] | Schindler's List | Schindler's List | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q13430975' | [[Scotch ale]] | Scotch ale | Scotch ale | beer style | beer style |- class='wd_q18356161' | [[ScotRail]] | ScotRail | ScotRail | railway company<br/>brand | railway company<br/>brand |- class='wd_q3915671' | [[Scots Cant]] | Scottish Cant | Scots Cant | mixed language<br/>leid<br/>modern language<br/>thieves' cant | mixed language<br/>language<br/>modern language<br/>thieves' cant |- class='wd_q24083592' | [[Scots Leebertarian Pairty]] | Scottish Libertarian Party | Scots Leebertarian Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q10658' | [[Scots National Pairty]] | Scottish National Party | Scots National Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q683800' | [[Scots Pairlament election, 2003|Scots pairlamentary walin]] | 2003 Scottish Parliament general election | Scots Pairlament election, 2003 | Scottish Parliament election | Scottish Parliament election |- class='wd_q7438105' | [[Scots place names in Canadae]] | Scottish place names in Canada | Scots place names in Canadae | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q39035' | [[Scots Tarrie]] | Scottish Terrier | Scots Tarrie | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q7437788' | [[Scottish Industrial Railway Centre]] | Scottish Industrial Railway Centre | Scottish Industrial Railway Centre | Heritage railwey | heritage railway |- class='wd_q267380' | [[Scottish Oils]] | Anglo-Persian Oil Company | Scottish Oils | company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>oil company | company<br/>business<br/>oil company |- class='wd_q37260' | [[scrievin]] | writing | Scrievin | [[habby]]<br/>skill | hobby<br/>skill |- class='wd_q159115' | [[Scrophularia nodosa]] | Scrophularia nodosa | Scrophularia nodosa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q163865' | [[scruibie]] | scurvy | Scruibie | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q35367' | [[Sea o Marmara]] | Sea of Marmara | Sea o Marmara | inland sea | adjacent sea |- class='wd_q19106' | [[sea speeder]] | Pycnogonida | Sea speeder | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25928' | [[sea-pyot]] | Eurasian Oystercatcher | Sea-pyot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4573' | [[Sean Connery]] | Sean Connery | Sean Connery | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1127591' | [[Seanad Éireann]] | Seanad Éireann | Seanad Éireann | senate<br/>elected legislative house | senate<br/>elected legislative house |- class='wd_q5083' | [[Seattle]] | Seattle | Seattle | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1098925' | [[Section 28]] | Section 28 | Section 28 | clause<br/>section | clause<br/>section |- class='wd_q1063567' | [[Sellafield]] | Sellafield | Sellafield | nuclear facility<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | nuclear facility<br/>business |- class='wd_q1939117' | [[Semanteec chynge]] | semantic change | Semanteec chynge | | |- class='wd_q9715' | [[semen]] | semen | Semen | body fluid<br/>class of anatomical entity | body fluid<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q911008' | [[Sepang]] | Sepang District | Sepang | district of Malaysia | district of Malaysia |- class='wd_q102251' | [[Sephardi Jews]] | Sephardi Jews | Sephardi Jews | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q1442' | [[Septimius Severus]] | Septimius Severus | Septimius Severus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9299' | [[Serbie leid]] | Serbian | Serbie leid | leid<br/>pluricentric language variant<br/>standard variety | language<br/>pluricentric language variant<br/>standard variety |- class='wd_q9301' | [[Serbo-Croatie|Serbo-Croatian]] | Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatie | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>pluricentric language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>pluricentric language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q127885' | [[Serbs]] | Serbs | Serbs | nation<br/>[[ethnic group]] | nation<br/>ethnic group |- class='wd_q7454994' | [[Sermon on the Mound]] | Sermon on the Mound | Sermon on the Mound | oration | oration |- class='wd_q51640' | [[Sermon on the Mount|Sermon on the Munt]] | Sermon on the Mount | Sermon on the Mount | sermon | sermon |- class='wd_q42699' | [[Serval]] | serval | Serval | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2763698' | [[sesame]] | Sesamum indicum | Sesame | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q290' | [[sex]] | sex | Sex | medical attribute | medical attribute |- class='wd_q12198' | [[Sexually transmit tribble|sexually transmittit disease]] | sexually transmitted infection | Sexually transmit tribble | mode of transmission | mode of transmission |- class='wd_q18700' | [[shaebill]] | Shoebill | Shaebill | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q83672' | [[Shah Jahan]] | Shah Jahan | Shah Jahan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9535' | [[Shah Rukh Khan]] | Shah Rukh Khan | Shah Rukh Khan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q59100' | [[Shantou]] | Shantou | Shantou | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q191455' | [[Shapur I]] | Shapur I | Shapur I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q234860' | [[Shapur II]] | Shapur II | Shapur II | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q482752' | [[sharia]] | sharia | Sharia | legal order<br/>form o rule<br/>academic discipline<br/>Islamic term | legal system<br/>form of government<br/>academic discipline<br/>Islamic term |- class='wd_q7368' | [[sheep]] | sheep | Sheep | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q235478' | [[Shelley Duvall]] | Shelley Duvall | Shelley Duvall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q39357' | [[Shih Tzu]] | Shih Tzu | Shih Tzu | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q715710' | [[Shikra]] | Accipiter badius | Shikra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57410' | [[Shimon Peres]] | Shimon Peres | Shimon Peres | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q105124' | [[Shishapangma]] | Shishapangma | Shishapangma | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q239505' | [[Shivaji]] | Shivaji | Shivaji | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131375' | [[shogi]] | shogi | Shogi | chess variant | chess variant |- class='wd_q652695' | [[shortbreid]] | shortbread | Shortbreid | | |- class='wd_q131136' | [[Shot starn]] | meteor | Shot starn | meteor shower | meteor shower |- class='wd_q549' | [[Siamese fechtin fish|Siamese fichtin fish]] | Siamese fighting fish | Siamese fechtin fish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1928719' | [[Side-valve ingine]] | flathead engine | Side-valve ingine | engine configuration | engine configuration |- class='wd_q190516' | [[Sika deer]] | sika deer | Sika deer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q116209' | [[Silene]] | Silene | Silene | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q116269' | [[silicon dioxide]] | silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q2166799' | [[Simon Mann]] | Simon Mann | Simon Mann | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q483312' | [[Singmogil]] | Singmogil | Singmogil | national day<br/>public holiday<br/>Korean anniversary days | national day<br/>public holiday<br/>Korean anniversary days |- class='wd_q191114' | [[Sita]] | Sita | Sita | Hindu deity<br/>human whose existence is disputed | Hindu deity<br/>human whose existence is disputed |- class='wd_q234597' | [[sitatunga]] | sitatunga | Sitatunga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q55063313' | [[Sizewell C nuclear pouer station]] | Sizewell C nuclear power station | Sizewell C nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q1074' | [[skin]] | skin | Skin | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q8102' | [[slang]] | slang | Slang | register<br/>usage | register<br/>usage |- class='wd_q589187' | [[Sliders (TV series)]] | Sliders | Sliders (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q25421' | [[smaw douker]] | Little Grebe | Smaw douker | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q30197' | [[snaw leopard]] | snow leopard | Snaw leopard | [[taxon]]<br/>apex predator<br/>flagship species | taxon<br/>apex predator<br/>flagship species |- class='wd_q170177' | [[White oul|snawy oul]] | Snowy Owl | White oul | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190570' | [[sniper rifle]] | sniper rifle | Sniper rifle | weapon type | weapon type |- class='wd_q134430' | [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]] | Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q34396' | [[Saip|soap]] | soap | Saip | cleaning product<br/>personal hygiene item | cleaning product<br/>personal hygiene item |- class='wd_q146313' | [[Sobek]] | Sobek | Sobek | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>deity<br/>watter deity | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>deity<br/>water deity |- class='wd_q39420' | [[Sochi]] | Sochi | Sochi | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q36380' | [[Society o Jesus]] | Society of Jesus | Society o Jesus | organization<br/>Catholic order<br/>group o humans | organization<br/>Catholic order<br/>group of humans |- class='wd_q190227' | [[sodium carbonate]] | sodium carbonate | Sodium carbonate | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q2314' | [[sodium chloride]] | sodium chloride | Sodium chloride | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q102769' | [[sodium hydroxide]] | sodium hydroxide | Sodium hydroxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q388108' | [[Sohag]] | Sohag | Sohag | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q26675' | [[solan guiss]] | Northern Gannet | Solan guiss | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21723' | [[Solanales]] | Solanales | Solanales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146555' | [[Solanum]] | Q146555 | Solanum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147707' | [[Solanum dulcamara]] | Solanum dulcamara | Solanum dulcamara | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48440' | [[Solar radius]] | solar radius | Solar radius | unit of length | unit of length |- class='wd_q170731' | [[solubility]] | solubility | Solubility | | |- class='wd_q47539' | [[Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone]] | South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone | Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone | organization | organization |- class='wd_q27449' | [[Soothern Europe]] | Southern Europe | Soothern Europe | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q475449' | [[Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat]] | southern hairy-nosed wombat | Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7354' | [[Soothren Ocean]] | Southern Ocean | Soothren Ocean | [[ocean]] | ocean |- class='wd_q157964' | [[Sorbus]] | Sorbus | Sorbus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76593978' | [[Sores of Emmanuel]] | Sores of Emmanuel | Sores of Emmanuel | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q12111' | [[Sorghum]] | Sorghum | Sorghum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q105060' | [[Sosnowiec]] | Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi powiat richts<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>urban gmina | city<br/>city with powiat rights in Poland<br/>big city<br/>urban municipality of Poland |- class='wd_q1415615' | [[Sounds of a Playground Fading]] | Sounds of a Playground Fading | Sounds of a Playground Fading | [[album]] | album |- class='wd_q62372' | [[South Jamaica, Queens|South Jamaica]] | South Jamaica | South Jamaica, Queens | neighbourhuid | neighborhood |- class='wd_q1045096' | [[South Kensington]] | South Kensington | South Kensington | aurie o Lunnon | area of London |- class='wd_q15180' | [[Soviet Union]] | Soviet Union | Soviet Union | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q5916' | [[spaceflicht]] | spaceflight | Spaceflicht | | |- class='wd_q10859' | [[Spainish Ceevil War|Spaingie Ceevil War]] | Spanish Civil War | Spainish Ceevil War | civil war | civil war |- class='wd_q1321' | [[Spainish leid|Spainish]] | Spanish | Spainish leid | natural language<br/>leid<br/>modern language<br/>human language | natural language<br/>language<br/>modern language<br/>human language |- class='wd_q928333' | [[Spaingie immigration tae Mexico|Spainyie immigration tae Mexico]] | Spaniards in Mexico | Spaingie immigration tae Mexico | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q193340' | [[Spark plug]] | spark plug | Spark plug | | |- class='wd_q28922' | [[sparrae]] | Passeridae | Sparrae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q160114' | [[spearimint]] | Mentha spicata | Spearimint | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25439' | [[specht]] | Q25439 | Specht | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11455' | [[Special relativity]] | special relativity | Special relativity | [[Physical law|pheesical law]]<br/>scientific theory | physical law<br/>scientific theory |- class='wd_q158767' | [[spelt]] | Triticum spelta | Spelt | [[taxon]]<br/>grain crop | taxon<br/>grain crop |- class='wd_q25814' | [[Spermatophyte]] | Q25814 | Spermatophyte | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21162' | [[Spitsbergen]] | Spitsbergen | Spitsbergen | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q2913554' | [[Frasers Group|Sports Direct]] | Frasers Group | Frasers Group | brick and mortar<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | brick and mortar<br/>public company<br/>business |- class='wd_q49158' | [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] | Springfield | Springfield, Massachusetts | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q25380' | [[Spur-hawk]] | Eurasian Sparrowhawk | Spur-hawk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q170334' | [[Srebrenica massacre|Srebrenica genocide]] | Srebrenica massacre | Srebrenica massacre | genocide<br/>war crime<br/>crime against humanity<br/>massacre | genocide<br/>war crime<br/>crime against humanity<br/>massacre |- class='wd_q41963' | [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]] | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte | de jure national capital | de jure national capital |- class='wd_q3581844' | [[St James's Kirk, Liège]] | St James's Church | St James's Kirk, Liège | [[kirk]]<br/>abbey<br/>religious building | church building<br/>abbey<br/>religious building |- class='wd_q941325' | [[Stamford, New York|Stamford]] | Stamford | Stamford, New York | toun o the Unitit States<br/>town of New York | town in the United States<br/>town of New York |- class='wd_q756442' | [[Stane o Scuin]] | Stone of Scone | Stane o Scuin | stane | stone |- class='wd_q18847' | [[stank-hen]] | Common Moorhen | Stank-hen | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q250429' | [[Stap sign]] | stop sign | Stap sign | | |- class='wd_q149116' | [[Staphylococcaceae]] | Staphylococcaceae | Staphylococcaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q462' | [[Star Wars]] | Star Wars | Star Wars | media franchise<br/>brand<br/>film franchise | media franchise<br/>brand<br/>film franchise |- class='wd_q35657' | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state | State o the Unitit States | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country<br/>Pentacontad | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country<br/>Pentacontad |- class='wd_q12483' | [[Stateestics]] | statistics | Stateestics | academic major | academic major |- class='wd_q14388' | [[Stegosaurus]] | Stegosaurus | Stegosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q206' | [[Stephen Harper]] | Stephen Harper | Stephen Harper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q76366' | [[Sterna]] | Sterna | Sterna | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25882' | [[Stibble guiss]] | Greylag Goose | Stibble guiss | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q186212' | [[Stirling ingine]] | Stirling engine | Stirling ingine | | |- class='wd_q2232618' | [[Stirrup cup]] | stirrup cup | Stirrup cup | parting tradition | parting tradition |- class='wd_q292265' | [[Stoja|Stoja Novaković]] | Stoja Novaković | Stoja | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2404900' | [[Stoke Dry]] | Stoke Dry | Stoke Dry | [[veelage]]<br/>[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]] | village<br/>civil parish |- class='wd_q178942' | [[storm cock]] | Mistle Thrush | Storm cock | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13158' | [[straeberry]] | strawberry | Straeberry | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48365' | [[Strait o Magellan]] | Strait of Magellan | Strait o Magellan | strait | strait |- class='wd_q169358' | [[stratovolcano]] | stratovolcano | Stratovolcano | | |- class='wd_q140018' | [[Streptococcaceae]] | Streptococcaceae | Streptococcaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2746295' | [[Stuart Murdoch (muisicker)|Stuart Murdoch]] | Stuart Murdoch | Stuart Murdoch (muisicker) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1022' | [[Stuttgart]] | Stuttgart | Stuttgart | major regional center<br/>financial center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>circle ceety<br/>state capital in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Option municipality | major regional center<br/>financial center<br/>big city<br/>City district in Baden-Württemberg<br/>state capital in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Option municipality |- class='wd_q172741' | [[Subaru]] | Subaru | Subaru | division<br/>automobile manufacturer | division<br/>automobile manufacturer |- class='wd_q11002' | [[succar]] | sugar | Succar | commodity<br/>excipient<br/>sweetener<br/>group or class of chemical substances | commodity<br/>excipient<br/>sweetener<br/>group or class of chemical substances |- class='wd_q44914' | [[Sudoku]] | sudoku | Sudoku | [[Guddock|Güdic]]<br/>[[habby]]<br/>mind sport<br/>logic puzzle | riddle<br/>hobby<br/>mind sport<br/>logic puzzle |- class='wd_q49101' | [[Suez Creesis|Suez Crisis]] | Suez Crisis | Suez Creesis | military expedition<br/>offensive | military expedition<br/>offensive |- class='wd_q380764' | [[Sukhothai Province]] | Sukhothai | Sukhothai Province | [[Provinces o Thailand]] | province of Thailand |- class='wd_q40811' | [[Sukhumi]] | Sokhumi | Sukhumi | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q525' | [[Sun]] | Sun | Sun | G-type main-sequence starn | G-type main-sequence star |- class='wd_q275163' | [[Sunda cloodit leopard]] | Sunda clouded leopard | Sunda cloodit leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q269728' | [[Sunda pangolin]] | Sunda pangolin | Sunda pangolin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183259' | [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | electronic device model | electronic device model |- class='wd_q1065079' | [[Supporters' Shield]] | Supporters' Shield | Supporters' Shield | association football trophy or award | association football trophy or award |- class='wd_q10798' | [[Pig]] | Q10798 | Pig | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3551021' | [[Sussan Taunton]] | Sussan Taunton | Sussan Taunton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26629' | [[Swart-back]] | Great Black-backed Gull | Swart-back | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q165141' | [[Swisserland naitional fitbaw team|Swisserland naitional fitbaa team]] | Switzerland men's national football team | Swisserland naitional fitbaw team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q7659945' | [[Sydney Goodsir Smith]] | Sydney Goodsir Smith | Sydney Goodsir Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2573367' | [[Sydney Roosters]] | Sydney Roosters | Sydney Roosters | rugby league team | rugby league team |- class='wd_q188446' | [[Sylvia atricapilla]] | Sylvia atricapilla | Sylvia atricapilla | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q207592' | [[Sylvia Kristel]] | Q207592 | Sylvia Kristel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q212676' | [[Symon Petliura]] | Symon Petliura | Symon Petliura | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1141086' | [[Synagogue o Besançon]] | Synagogue of Besançon | Synagogue o Besançon | [[synagogue]] | synagogue |- class='wd_q37437' | [[syntax]] | syntax | Syntax | language subsystem<br/>branch of linguistics | language subsystem<br/>branch of linguistics |- class='wd_q26736' | [[Clove|Syzygium aromaticum]] | clove | Clove | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174' | [[São Paulo]] | São Paulo | São Paulo | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Brazil<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>big city<br/>municipality of Brazil<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q6512' | [[Søren Kierkegaard]] | Søren Kierkegaard | Søren Kierkegaard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155658' | [[T-72]] | T-72 | T-72 | combat vehicle family | combat vehicle family |- class='wd_q170596' | [[T. E. Lawrence]] | T. E. Lawrence | T. E. Lawrence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2161' | [[Tacitus]] | Tacitus | Tacitus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q750259' | [[Tafilah Govrenorate]] | Tafilah Governorate | Tafilah Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Jordan]] | governorate of Jordan |- class='wd_q7676492' | [[Taito Phillip Field]] | Taito Phillip Field | Taito Phillip Field | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q865' | [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]] | Taiwan | Taiwan (kintra) | sovereign state | sovereign state |- class='wd_q22502' | [[Taiwan]] | Taiwan Island | Taiwan | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q72778' | [[Taiyuan]] | Taiyuan | Taiyuan | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q132956' | [[Taklamakan Desert]] | Taklamakan | Taklamakan Desert | desert | desert |- class='wd_q205792' | [[Tamanrasset]] | Tamanrasset | Tamanrasset | [[ceety]]<br/>commune of Algeria | city<br/>commune of Algeria |- class='wd_q3036410' | [[Tammy Duckworth]] | Tammy Duckworth | Tammy Duckworth | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83367' | [[Tanakh]] | Tanakh | Tanakh | biblical canon<br/>[[Haly beuk]]<br/>miscellany<br/>series | biblical canon<br/>religious text<br/>miscellany<br/>series of creative works |- class='wd_q271771' | [[Tanta]] | Tanta | Tanta | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q191827' | [[Taoiseach]] | Taoiseach | Taoiseach | public offeecial | public office |- class='wd_q1642670' | [[Tarhuna]] | Tarhuna | Tarhuna | [[ceety]]<br/>municipality of Libya | city<br/>municipality of Libya |- class='wd_q233608' | [[Tarpan]] | Equus ferus ferus | Tarpan | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q155814' | [[tarragon]] | tarragon | Tarragon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174916' | [[Tartus]] | Tartus | Tartus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>big city<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q134964' | [[Tasmainien deil|Tasmanie deil]] | Tasmanian devil | Tasmainien deil | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27355' | [[Taxus]] | Taxus | Taxus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q428606' | [[TE10]] | Soviet Railways ТЭ10 | TE10 | locomotive class | locomotive class |- class='wd_q37226' | [[teacher]] | teacher | Teacher | [[profession]]<br/>poseetion<br/>occupation | profession<br/>position<br/>occupation |- class='wd_q38954' | [[Teide]] | Teide | Teide | [[Volcanae]]<br/>active volcano<br/>laundmark | volcano<br/>active volcano<br/>architectural landmark |- class='wd_q848096' | [[telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick]] | telephone numbers in the United Kingdom | Telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q41403' | [[Teletubbies]] | Teletubbies | Teletubbies | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q15416' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | television program | Telly programme | type of television program | type of television program |- class='wd_q6666976' | [[Template:Abkhazia-note]] | Template:Abkhazia note | Template:Abkhazia-note | Wikimedia template | Wikimedia template |- class='wd_q76280' | [[tench]] | tench | Tench | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13695' | [[Tenochtitlan]] | Tenochtitlan | Tenochtitlan | city-state<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>altepetl | city-state<br/>big city<br/>altepetl |- class='wd_q36656' | [[Ter Sami leid]] | Ter Sami | Ter Sami leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q9384' | [[testicle]] | testicle | Testicle | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q201701' | [[Tetraodontidae]] | Tetraodontidae | Tetraodontidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19159' | [[tetrapod]] | Q19159 | Tetrapod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25392' | [[teuchit]] | Northern Lapwing | Teuchit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q172691' | [[Thar Desert]] | Thar Desert | Thar Desert | desert<br/>WWF ecoregion | desert<br/>WWF ecoregion |- class='wd_q113700' | [[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]] | The Avengers | The Avengers (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q45354' | [[The Doors]] | The Doors | The Doors | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q180089' | [[The Economist]] | The Economist | The Economist | [[wabsteid]]<br/>magazine | website<br/>magazine |- class='wd_q40302' | [[The Fox and the Hound]] | The Fox and the Hound | The Fox and the Hound | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q7739604' | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | The High Life | The High Life (1994 TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q7744143' | [[The Kerry Recruit]] | The Kerry Recruit | The Kerry Recruit | musical work/composition | musical work/composition |- class='wd_q27950674' | [[The Last of Us Part II]] | Q27950674 | The Last of Us Part II | [[video gemme]] | video game |- class='wd_q36479' | [[The Lion King]] | The Lion King | The Lion King | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q190135' | [[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]] | The Little Mermaid | The Little Mermaid (1989 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q26220165' | [[The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen]] | The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen | The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen | paintin | painting |- class='wd_q2089577' | [[The Pebble and the Penguin]] | The Pebble and the Penguin | The Pebble and the Penguin | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q18536' | [[The Shard]] | The Shard | The Shard | skyscraper<br/>office biggin | skyscraper<br/>office building |- class='wd_q232737' | [[The Walking Dead (TV series)|The Walking Dead]] | The Walking Dead | The Walking Dead (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q1140649' | [[The Wicker Man]] | The Wicker Man | The Wicker Man | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q21997690' | [[The Wigtown Martyrs]] | Wigton Martyrs | The Wigtown Martyrs | | |- class='wd_q156574' | [[Theaceae]] | Theaceae | Theaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184232' | [[Theia]] | Theia | Theia | [[Titan (meethologie)|Titan]] | titan |- class='wd_q44003' | [[Theodor Herzl]] | Theodor Herzl | Theodor Herzl | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q13195257' | [[Cauld Kail in Aberdeen|There's Ca'd Kail in Aberdeen]] | Q13195257 | Cauld Kail in Aberdeen | | |- class='wd_q264766' | [[Theresa May]] | Theresa May | Theresa May | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9270' | [[Thimphu]] | Thimphu | Thimphu | [[ceety]]<br/>admeenistrative diveesion<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>administrative territorial entity<br/>big city |- class='wd_q9438' | [[Thomas Aquinas]] | Thomas Aquinas | Thomas Aquinas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q269593' | [[Thompson submachine gun]] | Thompson submachine gun | Thompson submachine gun | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q42952' | [[Thor]] | Thor | Thor | thunder deity<br/>Norse deity | thunder deity<br/>Norse deity |- class='wd_q942508' | [[Thorax (insect anatomy)|thorax]] | thorax | Thorax (insect anatomy) | | |- class='wd_q719528' | [[Thorfinn the Michty]] | Thorfinn the Mighty | Thorfinn the Michty | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1412119' | [[Threads (1984 film)]] | Threads | Threads (1984 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q34124' | [[Tigrinya leid|Tigrinya]] | Tigrinya | Tigrinya leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q124739' | [[Tijuana]] | Tijuana | Tijuana | [[ceety]]<br/>locality of Mexico<br/>city in Mexico | city<br/>locality of Mexico<br/>city in Mexico |- class='wd_q127849' | [[Tilia]] | Tilia | Tilia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179257' | [[Timbaland]] | Q179257 | Timbaland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11471' | [[time]] | time | Time | scalar pheesical quantity<br/>independent variable<br/>spatiotemporal region | scalar quantity<br/>independent variable<br/>spatiotemporal region |- class='wd_q132572' | [[Tiraspol]] | Tiraspol | Tiraspol | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Moldova<br/>city or town | big city<br/>municipality of Moldova<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q26956' | [[Titlin]] | Meadow Pipit | Titlin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q376038' | [[Toco toucan|Toco Toucan]] | Toco Toucan | Toco toucan | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8331' | [[Tod]] | fox | Tod | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q205662' | [[Tokugawa shogunate]] | Tokugawa shogunate | Tokugawa shogunate | govrenment agency<br/>shogunate<br/>historical state | government agency<br/>shogunate<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q287657' | [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] | Tokugawa Yoshinobu | Tokugawa Yoshinobu | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q90561312' | [[Captain Tom|Tom Moore]] | Tom Moore | Captain Tom | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q263802' | [[Tom Watson (Labour politeecian)|Tom Watson]] | Tom Watson | Tom Watson (Labour politeecian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41057' | [[Topeka]] | Topeka | Topeka | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q142349' | [[Toronto Argonauts]] | Toronto Argonauts | Toronto Argonauts | Canadian football team | Canadian football team |- class='wd_q38991' | [[Tosa (dug)]] | Tosa | Tosa (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q187278' | [[Toy Story 3]] | Toy Story 3 | Toy Story 3 | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q243543' | [[Toyota Corolla]] | Toyota Corolla | Toyota Corolla | car model series | car model series |- class='wd_q153681' | [[Trabant]] | Trabant | Trabant | car model series | car model series |- class='wd_q351303' | [[track]] | Track | Track | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q39495' | [[Tractor]] | tractor | Tractor | type of vehicle | type of vehicle |- class='wd_q7831651' | [[Tractor vapourisin ile]] | tractor vaporising oil | Tractor vapourisin ile | | |- class='wd_q907112' | [[Transnistrie]] | Transnistria | Transnistrie | landlockt kintra<br/>unitary state<br/>military occupation<br/>social state<br/>secular state<br/>de facto regime<br/>occupied territory<br/>state wi leemitit recogneetion | landlocked country<br/>unitary state<br/>military occupation<br/>social state<br/>secular state<br/>de facto regime<br/>occupied territory<br/>state with limited recognition |- class='wd_q682403' | [[Treatie o Union 1707]] | Treaty of Union | Treatie o Union 1707 | treaty | treaty |- class='wd_q1237' | [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] | Trentino-South Tyrol | Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol | autonomous region with special statute | autonomous region with special statute |- class='wd_q327362' | [[triiodothyronine]] | triiodothyronine | Triiodothyronine | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q4140065' | [[Trinidad James]] | Trinidad James | Trinidad James | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1568779' | [[Tripoli (disambiguation)|Tripoli]] | Tripoli | Tripoli (disambiguation) | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1363' | [[Tripura]] | Tripura | Tripura | state of India | state of India |- class='wd_q2006725' | [[Triumph Acclaim]] | Triumph Acclaim | Triumph Acclaim | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1798248' | [[Triumph TR4A]] | Triumph TR4A | Triumph TR4A | car model | car model |- class='wd_q5639' | [[trolleybus]] | trolleybus | Trolleybus | bus type | bus type |- class='wd_q408352' | [[Trump]] | Trump | Trump | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q186096' | [[Tsardom o Roushie]] | Tsardom of Russia | Tsardom o Roushie | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q462843' | [[Tu Youyou]] | Tu Youyou | Tu Youyou | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q44989' | [[Tulsa]] | Tulsa | Tulsa | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q165118' | [[Tunicate]] | Tunicata | Tunicate | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3572' | [[Tunis]] | Tunis | Tunis | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Tunisia | big city<br/>municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q213827' | [[Turaco]] | Turaco | Turaco | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212798' | [[Turbellaria]] | Turbellaria | Turbellaria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q256' | [[Turkis leid|Turkis]] | Turkish | Turkis leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q43022' | [[Turkis coffee]] | Turkish coffee | Turkis coffee | | |- class='wd_q874' | [[Turkmenistan]] | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan | [[kintra]]<br/>landlockt kintra<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>landlocked country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q147520' | [[Typha latifolia]] | Typha latifolia | Typha latifolia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27112' | [[Tytonidae]] | Tytonidae | Tytonidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2670398' | [[Tzoran-Kadima]] | Tzoran-Kadima | Tzoran-Kadima | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q203312' | [[Uccle]] | Uccle | Uccle | municipality o Belgium | municipality of Belgium |- class='wd_q7876900' | [[Udal law]] | Udal law | Udal law | legal system | legal system |- class='wd_q10647' | [[UK Unthirldom Pairty]] | UK Independence Party | UK Unthirldom Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q52933' | [[Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden]] | Ulrika Eleonora I of Sweden | Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6511' | [[Ulysses (novelle)|Ulysses]] | Ulysses | Ulysses (novelle) | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q27138' | [[Unaizah]] | Unaizah | Unaizah | human settlement<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | human settlement<br/>big city |- class='wd_q208650' | [[Uniformitarianism]] | uniformitarianism | Uniformitarianism | principle<br/>philosophical theory | principle<br/>philosophical theory |- class='wd_q588834' | [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]] | Union City | Union City, New Jersey | ceety in New Jersey | city in New Jersey |- class='wd_q1622507' | [[Unitarian Universalism]] | Unitarian Universalism | Unitarian Universalism | [[releegion]] | religion |- class='wd_q42183' | [[United States Whig Party]] | Whig Party | United States Whig Party | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q216996' | [[Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea]] | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea | United Nations treaty<br/>multilateral treaty | United Nations treaty<br/>multilateral treaty |- class='wd_q30' | [[Unitit States]] | United States | Unitit States | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q139718826' | [[Unitit States UAP files]] | United States UFO files | Unitit States UAP files | release | release |- class='wd_q168383' | [[Universal Studios]] | Universal Pictures | Universal Studios | film studio<br/>film production company | film studio<br/>film production company |- class='wd_q34113' | [[Uralic leids]] | Uralic | Uralic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q9382' | [[urinary bladder]] | urinary bladder | Urinary bladder | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q105650' | [[urology]] | urology | Urology | medical specialty<br/>academic discipline | medical specialty<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q151179' | [[Ustaše]] | Ustaše | Ustaše | poleetical organisation<br/>terrorist organization | political organization<br/>terrorist organization |- class='wd_q6940' | [[UTC+07:00]] | UTC+07:00 | UTC+07:00 | time zone named for a UTC offset | time zone named for a UTC offset |- class='wd_q155644' | [[Uzi]] | Uzi | Uzi | weapon family | weapon family |- class='wd_q724736' | [[V ingine]] | V engine | V ingine | engine configuration | engine configuration |- class='wd_q134808' | [[vaccine]] | vaccine | Vaccine | remedy | remedy |- class='wd_q5079636' | [[Vaccinium]] | Vaccinium | Vaccinium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q37587' | [[Valentine's Day]] | Valentine's Day | Valentine's Day | [[haliday]] | holiday |- class='wd_q157819' | [[Valeriana officinalis]] | Valeriana officinalis | Valeriana officinalis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23800' | [[Valletta]] | Valletta | Valletta | [[ceety]]<br/>local council of Malta | city<br/>local council of Malta |- class='wd_q166879' | [[Van der Waals radius]] | van der Waals radius | Van der Waals radius | physical phenomenon | physical phenomenon |- class='wd_q725493' | [[Vaquita]] | Vaquita | Vaquita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q79980' | [[Varanasi]] | Varanasi | Varanasi | [[ceety]]<br/>holy city | city<br/>holy city |- class='wd_q192334' | [[Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill | public educational institution of the United States<br/>public research university | public educational institution of the United States<br/>public research university |- class='wd_q735505' | [[vas deferens]] | vas deferens | Vas deferens | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q275787' | [[Vatican euro cunyies]] | Vatican euro coin | Vatican euro cunyies | coin type | coin type |- class='wd_q179734' | [[Vatnajökull]] | Vatnajökull | Vatnajökull | ice cap | ice cap |- class='wd_q181138' | [[veganism]] | veganism | Veganism | [[ideology]]<br/>lifestyle<br/>social movement<br/>epistemological viewpoint<br/>dietary restriction | ideology<br/>lifestyle<br/>social movement<br/>epistemological viewpoint<br/>dietary restriction |- class='wd_q251368' | [[Venom]] | Venom | Venom | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q11699' | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | Vice President of the United States | Vice Preses o the Unitit States | vice preses<br/>president of the senate<br/>elective office | vice president<br/>president of the senate<br/>elective office |- class='wd_q119069' | [[Vicente Fernández]] | Vicente Fernández | Vicente Fernández | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156390' | [[Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden|Victoria, Croun Princess o Sweden]] | Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden | Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4533' | [[Victorious]] | Victorious | Victorious | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q167797' | [[vicuña]] | vicuña | Vicuña | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8740' | [[Vietnam War]] | Vietnam War | Vietnam War | proxy war | proxy war |- class='wd_q9199' | [[Vietnamese leid|Vietnamese]] | Vietnamese | Vietnamese leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q216151' | [[Vietnamese fowk]] | Vietnamese people | Vietnamese fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q157144' | [[Vinnytsia]] | Vinnytsia | Vinnytsia | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of regional significance of Ukraine<br/>city or town<br/>centre of oblast | big city<br/>city of regional significance of Ukraine<br/>city or town<br/>centre of oblast |- class='wd_q164447' | [[Viola lutea]] | Viola lutea | Viola lutea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156060' | [[Violaceae]] | Violaceae | Violaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q543788' | [[Violet Jacob]] | Violet Jacob | Violet Jacob | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q163656' | [[Viperidae]] | viper | Viperidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147267' | [[Virginie opossum]] | Didelphis virginiana | Virginie opossum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11380' | [[Vishnu]] | Q11380 | Vishnu | Hindu deity<br/>legendar figur | Hindu deity<br/>legendary figure |- class='wd_q34956' | [[vitamin]] | vitamin | Vitamin | group of chemical entities<br/>nutrient group | group of chemical entities<br/>nutrient group |- class='wd_q102217' | [[Vitebsk]] | Vitebsk | Vitebsk | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of oblast subordinance | big city<br/>city of oblast subordinance |- class='wd_q191019' | [[Vitis]] | Vitis | Vitis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14318' | [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]] | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Vitoria-Gasteiz | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q185864' | [[Viverridae]] | Viverridae | Viverridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q380330' | [[Vlad II Dracul]] | Vlad II Dracul | Vlad II Dracul | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83546' | [[Vladimir-Suzdal]] | Grand Principality of Vladimir | Vladimir-Suzdal | vassal state<br/>historical state | vassal state<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q10952397' | [[Vole]] | vole | Vole | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q56402691' | [[Volkswagen Taos]] | Volkswagen Taos | Volkswagen Taos | car model | car model |- class='wd_q185194' | [[Vulpes]] | Vulpes | Vulpes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q501499' | [[Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai]] | Vyatskoye | Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q623169' | [[Wallaby]] | wallaby | Wallaby | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q8704' | [[Walt Disney]] | Walt Disney | Walt Disney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7965336' | [[Walter Kennedy]] | Walter Kennedy | Walter Kennedy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q311237' | [[Walther PP]] | Walther PP | Walther PP | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q182865' | [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]] | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | War in Afghanistan (2001–present) | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q185729' | [[War on Terror]] | War on Terrorism | War on Terror | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q362' | [[Warld War II]] | World War II | Warld War II | world war<br/>historical period | world war<br/>historical period |- class='wd_q1201263' | [[Warlord Era]] | Warlord Era | Warlord Era | historical period | historical period |- class='wd_q2028786' | [[Warne, North Carolina|Warne]] | Warne | Warne, North Carolina | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q126399' | [[Warner Bros.]] | Warner Bros. Entertainment | Warner Bros. | film production company<br/>entertainment company | film production company<br/>entertainment company |- class='wd_q42486' | [[Warstlin]] | wrestling | Warstlin | type o sport | type of sport |- class='wd_q3566734' | [[Watsonian RFC]] | Watsonian FC | Watsonian RFC | rugby union team | rugby union team |- class='wd_q81041' | [[watter cycle]] | water cycle | Watter cycle | | |- class='wd_q1024911' | [[Welshpool]] | Welshpool | Welshpool | town of the United Kingdom | town of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q846421' | [[West Hollywood]] | West Hollywood | West Hollywood | gay village<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | gay village<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q3567454' | [[West of Scotland F.C.]] | West of Scotland FC | West of Scotland F.C. | rugby union club | rugby union club |- class='wd_q7986162' | [[West Park, New York|West Park]] | West Park | West Park, New York | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q6592290' | [[Westfield Megabusa]] | Westfield Megabusa | Westfield Megabusa | car model | car model |- class='wd_q6592255' | [[Westfield SEight]] | Westfield SEight | Westfield SEight | car model | car model |- class='wd_q7988934' | [[Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building]] | Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building | Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building | office biggin | office building |- class='wd_q18854' | [[whaup]] | Eurasian Curlew | Whaup | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1371617' | [[whiff]] | megrim | Whiff | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q28106837' | [[Whistlin deuk]] | Eurasian Wigeon | Whistlin deuk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212552' | [[white eel]] | European conger | White eel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25438' | [[White-tailed eagle|White-tailed Eagle]] | White-tailed Eagle | White-tailed eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171' | [[Wiki]] | wiki | Wiki | type of website | type of website |- class='wd_q4656249' | [[Wikipedia:Five pillars]] | Wikipedia:Five pillars | Wikipedia:Five pillars | Wikimedia project namespace | Wikimedia project page |- class='wd_q3125700' | [[Wild haggis]] | wild haggis | Wild haggis | animal frae a wirk o feection | fictional species of animal |- class='wd_q169950' | [[Wildfire]] | wildfire | Wildfire | fire incident type | fire incident type |- class='wd_q866755' | [[Willa Muir]] | Willa Muir | Willa Muir | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q105825' | [[William Hurt]] | William Hurt | William Hurt | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q150652' | [[William I, German Emperor]] | Wilhelm I | William I, German Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q163415' | [[William Shockley]] | William Shockley | William Shockley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8018623' | [[William Soutar]] | William Soutar | William Soutar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8018838' | [[William Stewart (makar)|William Stewart]] | William Stewart | William Stewart (makar) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37594' | [[William the Conqueror]] | William the Conqueror | William the Conqueror | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q382601' | [[William Wilton]] | William Wilton | William Wilton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2581473' | [[Willie Rennie]] | Willie Rennie | Willie Rennie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25399' | [[Willie-wagtail]] | Motacilla alba | Willie-wagtail | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146661' | [[wineberry]] | Ribes rubrum | Wineberry | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q47253' | [[wirm]] | worm | Wirm | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q754668' | [[witchie]] | Maniola jurtina | Witchie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76462' | [[Wolfgang Ketterle]] | Wolfgang Ketterle | Wolfgang Ketterle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q211764' | [[Woluwe-Saint-Lambert]] | Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | municipality o Belgium | municipality of Belgium |- class='wd_q23175' | [[wombat]] | Vombatidae | Wombat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11838775' | [[Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant]] | Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant | Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q129165' | [[Xerxes I]] | Xerxes I | Xerxes I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q158888' | [[Yamaha Motor Company]] | Yamaha Motor Company | Yamaha Motor Company | public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer | public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer |- class='wd_q37995' | [[Yangon]] | Yangon | Yangon | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital<br/>largest city<br/>town in Myanmar | city<br/>big city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city<br/>town in Myanmar |- class='wd_q377' | [[Yanka Kupala]] | Yanka Kupala | Yanka Kupala | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8050101' | [[Yasushi Yamaguchi]] | Yasushi Yamaguchi | Yasushi Yamaguchi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q577' | [[year]] | year | Year | unit o time | unit of time |- class='wd_q267584' | [[Yemen Arab Republic]] | Yemen Arab Republic | Yemen Arab Republic | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q50422' | [[Yeonje-gu]] | Yeonje District | Yeonje-gu | district of Busan | district of Busan |- class='wd_q1277359' | [[Yerl o Mar]] | Earl of Mar | Yerl o Mar | ryal or noble rank | noble title |- class='wd_q1010108' | [[Yerlston]] | Earlston | Yerlston | [[toun]]<br/>parish | town<br/>parish |- class='wd_q188120' | [[Yoichiro Nambu]] | Yoichiro Nambu | Yoichiro Nambu | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5449' | [[Yoshkar-Ola]] | Yoshkar-Ola | Yoshkar-Ola | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town | big city<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q866' | [[YouTube]] | YouTube | YouTube | [[wabsteid]]<br/>online video platform<br/>online community<br/>video streaming service<br/>live streaming service<br/>user-generated content platform | website<br/>online video platform<br/>online community<br/>video streaming service<br/>live streaming service<br/>user-generated content platform |- class='wd_q10305' | [[Zaragoza]] | Zaragoza | Zaragoza | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q319896' | [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]] | Ze'ev Jabotinsky | Ze'ev Jabotinsky | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34201' | [[Zeus]] | Zeus | Zeus | thunder deity<br/>King of the Gods<br/>Greek deity<br/>Olympian god | thunder deity<br/>King of the Gods<br/>Greek deity<br/>Olympian god |- class='wd_q197471' | [[Zhao Wei]] | Zhao Wei | Zhao Wei | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q835435' | [[Zhou dynasty (690–705)]] | Zhou dynasty (690–705) | Zhou dynasty (690–705) | historical state<br/>Chinese dynasty | historical country<br/>Chinese dynasty |- class='wd_q2392142' | [[Zifta]] | Zefta | Zifta | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q890120' | [[Zimbabwe Rhodesie]] | Zimbabwe Rhodesia | Zimbabwe Rhodesie | historical unrecognized state | historical unrecognized state |- class='wd_q190077' | [[zinc oxide]] | zinc oxide | Zinc oxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q43501' | [[zoo]] | zoo | Zoo | type of park | type of park |- class='wd_q35811' | [[Zoroaster]] | Zoroaster | Zoroaster | [[bodie]]<br/>religious character | human<br/>religious character |- class='wd_q210207' | [[Árpád]] | Árpád | Árpád | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83259' | [[École Normale Supérieure]] | École Normale Supérieure | École Normale Supérieure | organization<br/>École normale supérieure | organization<br/>école normale supérieure |- class='wd_q273604' | [[École normale supérieure de Cachan]] | École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay | École normale supérieure de Cachan | heicher eddication organization<br/>École normale supérieure<br/>eddicational institution | higher education institution<br/>école normale supérieure<br/>educational institution |- class='wd_q293928' | [[Öckerö Municipality]] | Öckerö Municipality | Öckerö Municipality | [[Municipalities o Swaden|municipality o Swaden]] | municipality of Sweden |- class='wd_q171291' | [[Ötzi]] | Ötzi | Ötzi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q54158' | [[Łódź Voivodeship]] | Łódź Voivodeship | Łódź Voivodeship | [[Voivodeships o Poland]] | voivodeship of Poland |- class='wd_q133118' | [[Şanlıurfa]] | Şanlıurfa | Şanlıurfa | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey | city<br/>big city<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey |} ---- &sum; 2295 items. {{Wikidata list end}} f2r7d7s4n0agsdtv8eplkqxmjbxzffm 0 229493 923779 922484 2026-09-30T00:40:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923779 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maxwell'sEquations.svg|right|thumb|{{Quote|"the maist significant event of the 19t yearhunner will be judged as [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell]]'s diskivery o the laws o electrodynamics"|[[Richard Feynman]]<ref>[https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_01.html#Ch1-S6-p4 The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. II Ch. 1: Electromagnetism]</ref>}}]]   '''Scottish inventions an diskiveries''' are objects, processes or techniques aither pairtly or halely inventit, innovatit, or diskivert bi a body born in or descendit frae [[Scotland]]. In some cases, an invention's Scots natur is pitten bi the fact that it pit intae existence in Scotland (e.g., animal cloning), bi fowk no frae Scotland wirkin in the kintra. Aften, things that are diskivert for the first time are cried "[[Invention|inventions]]" an aw an in mony cases thare isnae a clear line atweesh the twa. The Scots hae massive pride in the history o Scots inventions an diskiveries. Thare are a lot o beuks scrieved juist on the subject, as weel as a hale wheen o websites pittin doun inventions an diskiveries frae Scotland wi some degree o science. E'en afore the Industrial Revolution, Scots hae been at the forebreest o innovation an diskivery throu a nummer o depairtments. Some of the maist relevant products o Scots ingenuity include [[James Watt]]'s steam ingine, impruivin on Thomas Newcomen's,<ref name="James Watt">{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - James Watt|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/watt_james.shtml|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> the [[bicycle]],<ref name="Kirkpatrick Macmillan">{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - Kirkpatrick Macmillan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/macmillan_kirkpatrick.shtml|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> macadamisation (no tae be conflummixit wi tarmac o tarmacadam<ref name="John McAdam">{{Cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: John Loudon Mcadam (British inventor)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/353599/John-Loudon-McAdam|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref>), [[Alexander Graham Bell]]'s invention o the first practical telephone,<ref name="AHP">{{Cite web|title=Scottish Science Hall of Fame - Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)|url=http://www.nls.uk/scientists/biographies/alexander-graham-bell/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011165704/http://digital.nls.uk/scientists/biographies/alexander-graham-bell/index.html|archive-date=2010-10-11|access-date=2010-02-20}}</ref> [[John Logie Baird]]'s invention o the telly,<ref name="John Logie Baird">{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - John Logie Baird|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/baird_logie.shtml|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> [[Alexander Fleming]]'s diskivery o [[penicillin]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: Sir Alexander Fleming - Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> an [[insulin]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: John Macleod Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/macleod-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> The follaein is a list o inventions, innovations, or diskiveries that are kent as bein frae Scotland. == Road transport innovations == * Macadamised roads (the basis for, but no speceefically, tarmac): John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836)<ref name="John McAdam"/> * The [[Bicycle|pedal bicycle]]: Pitten tae baith Kirkpatrick Macmillan (1813–1878)<ref name="Kirkpatrick Macmillan"/> an Thomas McCall (1834–1904) * The pneumatic tyre: Robert William Thomson an [[John Boyd Dunlop]] (1822–1873)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robert William Thomson, Scotland's forgotten inventor|url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/Scotland-History/RobertWilliamThomson.htm|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The overhead valve ingine: David Dunbar Buick (1854–1929)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pelfrey|first=William|title=Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of Two Unique Men, a Legendary Company, and a Remarkable Time in American History|url=https://archive.org/details/billyalfredgener0000pelf|publisher=AMACOM|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8144-2961-7}}</ref> == Civil engineering innovations == * Tubular steel: Sir William Fairbairn (1789–1874)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Sir William Fairbairn|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst137.html|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The [[Fawkirk Wheel|Fawkirk wheel]]: Stairtin designs bi Nicoll Russell Studios, Architects, [[RMJM]] an ingineers Binnie, Black, an Veatch (Appent 2002)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Falkirk Wheel & Visitor Centre|url=http://www.rmjm.com/portfolio/the-falkirk-wheel-and-visitor-centre-scotland/|access-date=2015-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SKF Evolution online|url=http://evolution.skf.com/zino.aspx?articleID=391&lan=en-gb|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120215825/http://evolution.skf.com/zino.aspx?articleID=391&lan=en-gb|archive-date=2010-11-20|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The pautent slip for dockin veshels: Thomas Morton (1781–1832)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clydesite Magazine: The Real Inventor of the Patent Slip|url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/articles/patent.asp|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509063734/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/articles/patent.asp|archive-date=2006-05-09|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The Drummond Light: Thomas Drummond (1797–1840)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Thomas Drummond|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst134.html|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * [[Canaul|Canal]] design: Thomas Telford (1757–1834) * Dock design impruivements: John Rennie (1761–1821) * Crane design impruivements: James Bremner (1784–1856) * "Trac Rail Transposer", a machine tae pit doun rail track pautentit in 2005, uised by [[Network Rail]] in the Unitit Kinrick an the New York Toun Subway in the Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 June 2016|title=Ayrshire brothers' invention to transform America's railways|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-36459486|access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=6 January 2014|title=Laying lines|url=http://www.railwaystrategies.co.uk/article-page.php?contentid=19184&issueid=539|journal=Railway Strategies|issue=103|access-date=7 June 2016|archive-date=2022-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426070900/http://www.railwaystrategies.co.uk/article-page.php?contentid=19184&issueid=539|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=US Patent Application No: 2008/0072,783 - Railway Rail Handling Apparatus and Method|url=http://www.patentbuddy.com/Patent/20080072783|access-date=7 June 2016|website=PatentBuddy}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aviation innovations == * Aircraft design: Frank Barnwell (1910) Estaiblishin the core aspects o aircraft design at the [[Varsity o Glesga]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: World Changing:: Establishing fundamental principles in aircraft design|url=http://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=4|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk}}</ref> == Pouer innovations == * Condensin steam engine impruivements: [[James Watt]] (1736–1819)<ref name="James Watt"/> * Thermodynamic cycle: [[William John Macquorn Rankine]] (1820–1872)<ref>{{Cite web|title=William John Macquorn Rankine|url=http://www.iesis.org/presidents.html|access-date=2014-01-13}}</ref> * Coal-gas lichtin: William Murdoch (1754–1839)<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Murdoch - The Scot Who Lit The World|url=http://www.williammurdoch.com/|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The [[Stirling ingine|Stirling heat ingine]]: Rev. Robert Stirling (1790–1878)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electric Scotland: Significant Scots - Robert Stirling|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/men/stirling_robert.htm|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * Carbon brushes for dynamos: George Forbes (1849–1936)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Prof. George Forbes|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst1517.html|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The Clerk cycle gas ingine: Sir Dugald Clerk (1854–1932)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: Sir Dugald Clerk|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/121330/Sir-Dugald-Clerk|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The wave-pou0ered [[electric generator]]: bi South African Engineer Stephen Salter in 1977<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2008|title=How Stuff Works: Could Salter's Duck have solved the oil crisis?|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/salters-duck.htm|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter ("red sea snake" wave energy device): Richard Yemm, 1998<ref name="ScotGov">{{Cite web|date=28 March 2012|title=Pelamis founder honoured for key role in marine energy|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2012/03/SaltirePrizeMedalYemm280032012|access-date=2012-03-29|publisher=The Scottish Government}}</ref> == Shipbuilding innovations == * Europe's first passenger steamboat: Henry Bell (1767–1830)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Significant Scots: Henry Bell|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/bell_henry.htm|access-date=2010-06-15}}</ref> * The first [[Airn|iron]]&#x2013;hulled steamship: Sir William Fairbairn (1789–1874)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Sir William Fairbairn|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst137.html|access-date=2010-06-16}}</ref> * The first practical screw propeller: Robert Wilson (1803–1882)  * Marine ingine innovations: James Howden (1832–1913) * John Elder an Charles Randolph (Marine Compound expansion ingine) == Militar innovations == * Lieutenant-General Sir David Henderson twa area: ** Field intelligence. Argied for the estaiblishin Intelligence Corps. Scrieved ''Field Intelligence: Its Principles and Practice'' (1904) and ''The Art of Reconnaissance'' (1907) on the tactical intelligence o modren warfare.<ref name="worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk">{{Cite web|title=Establishing the Royal Air Force|url=http://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=59|website=World Changing|publisher=University of Glasgow}}</ref> * [[Intelligence]]: Allan Pinkerton developit the still relevant intelligence techniques of "shadowin" (surveillance) an "pittin yersel in a role" (unnerkiver wirk) in his time as heid o the Union Intelligence Service. == Weichtie industry innovations == * Coal minin extractin in the sea on an artificial island bi Sir George Bruce of Carnock (1575). Kent as ane o the industrial wunners o the late medieval period. * Makin cast steel frae wrought iron: David Mushet (1772–1847)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electric Scotland: Significant Scots - David Mushet|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/men/mushet_david.htm|access-date=2010-06-17}}</ref> * Wrought iron sash bars for gless hooses: [[John Claudius Loudon|John C. Loudon]] (1783–1865) * The hot blast uin: James Beaumont Neilson (1792–1865) * The steam haimer: James Nasmyth (1808–1890) * Wire raip: [[Robert Stirling Newall]] (1812–1889) * Steam ingine impruivements: William Mcnaught (1831–1881) * The Fairlie, a narrow gauge, dooble-bogie [[Locomotive|railway ingine]]: Robert Francis Fairlie (1831–1885) * Cordite - Sir James Dewar, Sir Frederick Abel (1889) == Agricultural innovations == * Threshing machine impruivements: James Meikle (c.1690-c.1780) & Andrew Meikle (1719–1811) * Hollow pipe [[Cundie|drainage]]: Sir Hew Dalrymple, Lord Drummore (1700–1753) * The Scotch plough: James Anderson o Hermiston (1739–1808) * Deanstonisation soil-drainage seestem: James Smith (1789–1850) * The mechanical reapin machine: Rev. Patrick Bell (1799–1869) * The Fresno scraper: James Porteous (1848–1922)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fresno Scraper - American Society of Mechanical Engineers|url=http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5550.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209065640/http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5550.pdf|archive-date=2011-02-09|access-date=2010-11-12}}</ref> * The Tuley tree shelter: Graham Tuley in 1979 == Communication innovations == * [[Telephone]]: [[Alexander Graham Bell]] (1847-1922) * Print stereoteepin: William Ged (1690–1749)<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Ged (Scottish goldsmith)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/227656/William-Ged|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * Roller prentin: Thomas Bell (patented 1783)<ref>{{Cite web|title=roller printing (textile industry)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507124/roller-printing|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The adhesive postage stamp an the postmerk: claimed bi James Chalmers (1782–1853)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arbroath & District Stamp & Postcard Club|url=http://www.scotstamps.co.uk/arbroath.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806014915/http://www.scotstamps.co.uk/arbroath.htm|archive-date=2010-08-06|access-date=2010-06-19}}</ref> * The Waverley pen nib innovations: Duncan Cameron (1825–1901) The weel kent "Waverley" was sindry in design wi a narrow waist an an upturnt tip designed tae mak the ink flow mair smuith on the paper.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MacNiven and Cameron|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/MacNiven_and_Cameron|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.gracesguide.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> * Universal Standard Time: Sir [[Sandford Fleming]] (1827–1915) * Light signalling between ships: Admiral Philip H. Colomb (1831–1899) * The underlying principles o [[radio]]: [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * The Kinetoscope, a motion picture camera: devised in 1889 by William Kennedy Dickson (1860-1935) * The teleprinter: Frederick G. Creed (1871–1957) * The [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC): John Reith, 1st Baron Reith (1922) its founder, first general manager and director-general of the British Broadcasting Corporation<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Reith|url=https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/research/john-reith|access-date=18 July 2019|website=History of the BBC}}</ref> * RADAR: A significant contribution made by Robert Watson-Watt (1892–1973) alongside Englishman Henry Tizard (1885-1959) and others<ref name="Robert Watson-Watt">{{Cite web|title=Radar Personalities: Sir Robert Watson-Watt|url=http://www.radarpages.co.uk/people/watson-watt/watson-watt.htm|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> * The automated teller machine and Personal Identification Number system: James Goodfellow (born 1937)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Invented the ATM? The James Goodfellow Story|url=http://www.atmmachine.com/goodfellow_atminventor.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728013121/http://www.atmmachine.com/goodfellow_atminventor.html|archive-date=2011-07-28|access-date=2011-08-26}}</ref> == Publishin firsts == * The first edeetion o the [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopedia Britannica]] (1768–81) * The first textbook on surgery in Inglis (1597) * The first modren pharmacopaedia, William Cullen (1776). The book endit up bein 'Europe's principal text on the classifeein an treatment o disease'. His ideaes keep gaun wi the terms nervous energy an neuroses (a word that Cullen coined). * The first [[Postcaird|postcairds]] an pictur postcairds in the UK * The eddicational foondin o Ophthalmology: Stewart Duke-Elder in his first o it's kind wark includin ‘Textbook of Ophthalmology and fifteen volumes of System of Ophthalmology' (Scots: Textbook o Ophthalmology an fifteen vollum o Seestem o Ophthalmology)<ref name="Lyle, T. K. 1980">{{Cite journal|last=Lyle|first=T. K.|last2=Miller|first2=S.|last3=Ashton|first3=N. H.|year=1980|title=William Stewart Duke-Elder. 22 April 1898-27 March 1978|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=26|page=85|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1980.0003|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Cultur an the airts == * Scottish National Portrait Gallery, designed bi Sir Robert Rowand Anderson (1889): the warld's first purpose-biggit portrait gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scottish National Portrait Gallery {{!}} National Galleries of Scotland|url=http://www.nationalgalleries.org/visit/about-the-portrait-gallery/|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.nationalgalleries.org|language=en}}</ref> == Scientific innovations == * Logarithms: [[John Napier]] (1550–1617) * [[Economics|Modren Economics]] foondit bi [[Adam Smith]] (1776) 'The faither of Modren Economics'<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Davis|first=William L|last2=Figgins|first2=Bob|last3=Hedengren|first3=David|last4=Klein|first4=Daniel B.|title=Economic Professors' Favorite Economic Thinkers, Journals, and Blogs|url=http://econjwatch.org/articles/economics-professors-favorite-economic-thinkers-journals-and-blogs-along-with-party-and-policy-views|journal=Econ Journal Watch|volume=8|issue=2|pages=126–146}}</ref> with the publication of The Wealth of Nations. (Scots: The Walth o nations)<ref>E. K. Hunt (2002). History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective, p.3. {{ISBN|0-7656-0606-2}}</ref> * Modren Sociology: [[Adam Ferguson]] (1767) ‘The Faither o Modren Sociology’ wi his wark An Essay on the History of Civil Society (Scots: An Essay on the History o Civil Societie)<ref>Willcox, William Bradford; Arnstein, Walter L. (1966). The Age of Aristocracy, 1688 to 1830. Volume III of A History of England, edited by Lacey Baldwin Smith (Sixth Edition, 1992 ed.). Lexington, Massachusetts. p. 133. {{ISBN|0-669-24459-7}}.</ref> * Hypnotism: James Braid (1795–1860) the Faither o Hypnotherapy * Tropical medicine: [[Patrick Manson|Sir Patrick Manson]] kent as the faither o Tropical Medicine * Modren [[Geology]]: [[James Hutton]] ‘The Foonder o Modren Geology’<ref>{{Cite web|last=American Museum of Natural History|author-link=American Museum of Natural History|year=2000|title=James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology|url=http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/p_hutton.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225940/http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/p_hutton.html|archive-date=2016-03-03|website=Earth: Inside and Out|quote=The result, therefore, of this physical enquiry," Hutton concluded, "is that we find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end.}}</ref><ref>Kenneth L. Taylor (September 2006). "Ages in Chaos: James Hutton and the Discovery of Deep Time". The Historian (abstract) (Book review of Stephen Baxter, {{ISBN|0-7653-1238-7}}).</ref> * The theory of [[Uniformitarianism]]: James Hutton (1788): an important principle o Geology the features o the geologic time taks millions o years. * The theory o electromagnetism: [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * The diskivery o the Componin o Saturn's Rings [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1859): pit doun thit the rings o Saturn war componed wi sindry wee pairticles, aw gaun aroond the planet on thair ain. At the time it wis thoucht thit the rings war solid. The Maxwell Ringlet an Maxwell Gap war named in his honor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Clerk Maxwell on the nature of Saturn's rings|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Maxwell_Saturn.html|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk}}</ref> * The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution bi [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1860): the basis o the kinetic theory o gases, thit speeds o molecules in a gas will chynge at different temperaturs. The oreeginal theory first pit forrit bi Maxwell an confirmt later on in conjunction wi [[Ludwig Boltzmann]]. * Popularisin the decimal point: [[John Napier]] (1550–1617) * The first theory o the Higgs boson bi Inglis born <ref>{{Cite news|last=Macdonald|first=Kenneth|date=2013-04-10|title=Behind the scenes at the Universe|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-22073080|access-date=2018-11-14}}</ref> Peter Higgs particle-physics theorist at the Varsity o Embro (1964)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Higgs and the Higgs Boson|url=https://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/higgs|website=School of Physics and Astronomy}}</ref> * The Gregorian telescope: James Gregory (1638–1675) * The diskivery o [[Proxima Centauri]], the closest kent star tae the [[Sun]], bi Robert Innes (1861–1933)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Davidson, M.|year=1933|title=Anzeige des Todes von Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes|journal=Astronomische Nachrichten|volume=249|issue=2–3|pages=51–52|bibcode=1933AN....249...51D|doi=10.1002/asna.19332490203}}</ref> * One of the earliest measurements o distance tae the Alpha Centauri star seestem, the closest sic seestem ootside the [[Solar Seestem]], bi Thomas Henderson (1798–1844) * The discovery of Centaurus A, a well-known starburst galaxy in the [[constellation]] of [[Centaurus]], by James Dunlop (1793–1848)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~hcs/Cen-A/cen-a-history.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101085746/http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~hcs/Cen-A/cen-a-history.html|archive-date=2013-01-01|access-date=2013-06-08}}</ref> * The diskivery o the Horsehead Nebula in the [[constellation]] o [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]], bi Williamina Fleming (1857–1911)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kass-Simon|first=Gabriele|url=https://archive.org/details/womenofsciencer000kass|title=Women of Science: Righting the Record|last2=Farnes|first2=Patricia|last3=Nash|first3=Deborah|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0253208132|page=[https://archive.org/details/womenofsciencer000kass/page/92 92]|url-access=registration}}</ref> * The world's first oil refinery an a process for extractin paraffin frae coal pittin doun the foondations for the modren oil industry: James Young (1811–1883)<ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-11-08|title=Founder of the modern oil industry to be honoured|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-15648088}}</ref> * Identifyin the minerals yttrialite, thorogummite, aguilarite and nivenite: bi William Niven (1889)<ref>Wicks, Robert S. and Harrison, Roland H. (1999). Buried Cities, Forgotten Gods: William Niven's Life of Discovery and Revolution in Mexico and the American Southwest, Texas Tech University Press. {{ISBN|0-89672-414-X}}</ref> * The concept o latent heat bi French-born Joseph Black (1728–1799) * Diskiverin the properties o [[Caurbon dioxide|Carbon dioxide]] bi French-born Joseph Black (1728–1799) * The concept o [[Heat capacity]] bi French-born Joseph Black (1728–1799) * The pyroscope, atmometer an aethrioscope scientific instruments: Sir [[John Leslie (physicist)|John Leslie]] (1766–1832) * Identifyin the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]] in leevin [[Cell (biology)|cells]]: Robert Brown (1773–1858) * An early version o the Incandescent light bulb: James Bowman Lindsay (1799-1862) * [[Colloid|Colloid chemistry]]: Thomas Graham (1805–1869) * The [[kelvin]] [[SI]] unit o [[Temperatur|temperature]] bi Irishman William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824–1907) * Pittin thegither the diagramatic seestem for representin chemical bonds: Alexander Crum Brown (1838–1922) * Creeminal fingerprinting: Henry Faulds (1843–1930) * The [[Noble gas|noble gases]]: Sir [[William Ramsay]] (1852–1916) * The clood chamber recordin o [[Atom|atoms]]: [[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]] (1869–1959)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: C.T.R. Wilson Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1927/wilson-bio.html|access-date=2010-06-15}}</ref> * The diskivery o the ''Wave o Translation'', leadin tae the modren general theory o solitons bi John Scott Russell (1808-1882)<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Scott Russell and the solitary wave|url=https://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~chris/scott_russell.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.macs.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> * Statistical graphics: William Playfair foonder o the first statistical line chairts, bar chairts, an pie charts in (1786) an (1801) kent as a scientific ‘milestone’ in statistical graphs an data visualin<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Spence|first=Ian|year=2005|title=No Humble Pie: The Origins and Usage of a statistical Chart|url=http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/~spence/Spence%202005.pdf|journal=Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics|volume=30|issue=4|pages=353–368|doi=10.3102/10769986030004353|access-date=2022-05-12|archive-date=2007-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320232857/http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/~spence/Spence%202005.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * The Arithmetic mean [[density]] o the Earth: Nevil Maskelyne conductit the Schiehallion experiment conductit at the [[Scotland|Scots]] ben o [[Schiehallion]], [[Perthshire]] 1774<ref>Maskelyne, N. (1772). "A proposal for measuring the attraction of some hill in this Kingdom". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'' 65: 495–499. {{Bibcode|1775RSPT...65..495M}}</ref> * The first isolation o methylated sugars, trimethyl an tetramethyl glucose: James Irvine<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hirst|first=E. L.|year=1953|title=James Colquhoun Irvine, 1877-1952|journal=Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry|volume=8|pages=xi–xvii|doi=10.1016/S0096-5332(08)60096-X|isbn=9780120072088|pmid=13138381}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Read|first=J|year=1952|title=Sir James Irvine, K.B.E., F.R.S|journal=Nature|volume=170|issue=4314|pages=13–14|bibcode=1952Natur.170...13R|doi=10.1038/170013a0|pmid=14957005|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Diskivery o the Japp–Klingemann reaction: tae synthesize hydrazones frae β-keto-acids (or β-keto-esters) an aryl diazonium salts 1887<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robert Japp|first=Francis|last2=Klingemann|first2=Felix|year=1887|title=Ueber Benzolazo- und Benzolhydrazofettsäuren|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1425485|journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft|volume=20|issue=2|pages=2942–2944|doi=10.1002/cber.188702002165}}</ref> * Pioneerin wark on nutrition an poverty: John Boyd Orr (1880–1971)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: Lord Boyd Orr|url=http://cache.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/76466/John-Boyd-Orr-Baron-Boyd-Orr-of-Brechin-Mearns|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110914041530/http://cache.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/76466/John-Boyd-Orr-Baron-Boyd-Orr-of-Brechin-Mearns|archive-date=September 14, 2011}}</ref> * Ferrocene synthetic substances: Peter Ludwig Pauson in 1955 * The first cloned mammal ([[Dolly (sheep)|Dolly the Sheep]]): Was conductit in The [[Roslin Institute]] resairch centre in 1996 bi English scientists Ian Wilmut (born 1944) an Keith Campbell (1954–2012). * The seismometer innovations thereof: [[James David Forbes]] * Metaflex fabric innovations thereof: [[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes|University of St. Andrews]] (2010) appleein the first manufacturin fabrics thit chynge licht bi bendin it aroond a subject. Afore this, sic licht chynge atoms aboot war sortit on flat haurd surfaces. The team at St Andrews are the first tae come up wi the concept tae fabric.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scientists reveal material for 'invisibility cloak' &#124; Scotland &#124; News &#124; STV<!-- Bot generated title -->|url=http://news.stv.tv/internet-technology/206620-scientists-reveal-material-for-invisibility-cloak/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110015012/http://news.stv.tv/internet-technology/206620-scientists-reveal-material-for-invisibility-cloak/|archive-date=November 10, 2010}}</ref> * Tractor beam innovations thereof: [[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes|St. Andrews University]] (2013) the warld's first tae succeed in pittin thegither a wirkin Tractor beam thit pulls objects on a microscopic level<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 January 2013|title=Star-Trek style tractor beam created by scientists|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-21187598}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brzobohatý|first=O.|last2=Karásek|first2=V.|last3=Šiler|first3=M.|last4=Chvátal|first4=L.|last5=Čižmár|first5=T.|last6=Zemánek|first6=P.|date=2013-01-20|title=Experimental demonstration of optical transport, sorting and self-arrangement using a 'tractor beam'|journal=Nature Photonics|language=En|volume=7|issue=2|pages=123–127|bibcode=2013NaPho...7..123B|doi=10.1038/nphoton.2012.332|issn=1749-4885}}</ref> * Macaulayite: Dr. Jeff Wilson o the Macaulay Institute, [[Aiberdeen|Aberdeen]]. * Diskivery o Catacol whitebeam bi Scottish Natural Heritage an the Ryal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (1990s): a rare tree endemic an unique tae the Isle o Arran in the sooth wast o Scotland. The trees war confirmt tae be a distinct species bi DNA testin.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Trees on Arran 'are a whole new species'|language=en|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/sci-tech/trees-on-arran-are-a-whole-new-species-1-904428|access-date=2018-11-14}}</ref> * The first positive displacement liquid flowmeter, the reciprocatin piston meter bi Thomas Kennedy Snr.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glenfield Valves Limited|url=http://www.glenfield.co.uk/history/|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.glenfield.co.uk|archive-date=2018-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926123841/http://www.glenfield.co.uk/history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sports innovations == Scots hae taen a muckle pairt in the invention an early development o twa-three sports: * Australian rules fitba Scots were at the forefront wi mony innovations in the early version o the gemme, includin the foondin o the Essendon Football Club byithe McCracken familie frae Ayrshire<ref>{{Cite web|title=Australian Rules Football. History And Origins.|url=http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/origins-australian-rules-football.htm|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.collegesportsscholarships.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Blueseum - History of the Carlton Football Club {{!}} Theophilis S. Marshall|url=http://www.blueseum.org/tiki-index.php?page=Theophilis+S.+Marshall|access-date=2018-11-14|website=Blueseum - History of the Carlton Football Club|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Search of the Blue and White - Heritage Guide to The Geelong College|url=https://gnet.geelongcollege.vic.edu.au/wiki/IN-SEARCH-of-the-BLUE-and-WHITE.ashx|access-date=2021-07-13|website=gnet.geelongcollege.vic.edu.au|archive-date=2021-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713095422/https://gnet.geelongcollege.vic.edu.au/wiki/IN-SEARCH-of-the-BLUE-and-WHITE.ashx|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Twa-three modren athletics events, i.e. shot put an the hammer thraw, come frae [[Hieland gemmes|Hieland Gemmes]] an [[Scotland]] frae the early 12t yearhunner. * [[Curlin]] * Gaelic haundba The modren gemme o handball wis first recordit in Scotland in 1427, whan King James I, an ardent haundba player, haed his men block up a cellar windae in his palace courtyard thit was gittin in the wey o his gemme. * Cycling, invention o the pedal-cycle * [[Gowf]] (see Gowf in Scotland) * 1848: [[Fitba|Association fitba]]'s Glesgae rules (lairgely the sport's rules as we ken thaim the day) estaiblishit at [[Glesga Varsity|Glesga Vaersity]]. * [[Ice hockey|Ice Hockey]], inventit bi the Scots regiments in Atlantic Canada bi playin Shinty on frozent lochs. * [[Shinty]] The history o Shinty as a non-staundardtised sport come frae before Scotland as a Nation. The rules war staindardised in the 19t yearhunner bi Archibald Chisholm * [[Seivins|Rugby seivens]]: Ned Haig an David Sanderson (1883)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Origins of Sevens Rugby|url=http://www.sevensrugby.co.za/history.htm|access-date=2010-11-12}}</ref> * The Dugout was inventit bi [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen FC]] Coach Donald Colman in the 1920s * The warld's first Robot Olympics thit teuk place in Glesga in 1990. == Medical innovations == * Stairtin the uise o surgical anaesthesia wi Chloroform: First in 1842 bi Robert Mortimer Glover than pit tae uise on humans bi Sir [[James Young Simpson]] (1811–1870) First use o chloroform in dentistry bi Francis Brodie Imlach * The Saline drip bi Dr Thomas Latta o [[Leith]] in 1831/32 * The hypodermic syringe: Alexander Wood (1817–1884) * First diagnostic uise o an ultrasound scanner: Ian Donald (1910–1987) * Independent diskivery o inoculation for smallpox: Johnnie Notions ({{Circa|1730|1803}})<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Brian|date=July 1998|title=Camphor, Cabbage Leaves and Vaccination: the Career of Johnie 'Notions' Williamson of Hamnavoe, Eshaness, Shetland|url=https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/vol28_3.1_10.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|publisher=Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|volume=28|issue=3|pages=395–406|pmid=11620446|access-date=14 January 2021|via=|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731014908/https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/vol28_3.1_10.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Diskivery o hypnotism (November 1841): James Braid (1795–1860)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Scottish Inventions & The Inventors Behind Them|url=https://www.scottish-at-heart.com/scottish-inventions.html|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> * General anaesthetic: Pioneered bi Scotsman [[James Young Simpson]] an Inglisman John Snow<ref name="bbc_johnsnow">{{Cite web|title=John Snow (1813 - 1858)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/snow_john.shtml|access-date=2010-12-06|publisher=BBC}}</ref> * Identifeein the [[Midge|mosquito]] as the carrier for malaria: Sir Ronald Ross (1857–1932) * Funnin the cause for brucellosis: Sir David Bruce (1855–1931) * Diskiverin the vaccine for typhoid fever: Sir [[William Boog Leishman|William B. Leishman]] (1865–1926) * Electrocardiography: Alexander Muirhead (1869)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alexander Muirhead|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Alexander_Muirhead|access-date=2018-11-20|website=www.gracesguide.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> * Diskivery o [[Staphylococcus]]: Sir Alexander Ogston (1880)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Newsom|first=S. W. B.|date=2008-12-01|title=Ogston's coccus|url=https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(08)00396-4/abstract|journal=Journal of Hospital Infection|language=en|volume=70|issue=4|pages=369–372|doi=10.1016/j.jhin.2008.10.001|issn=0195-6701|pmid=18952323}}</ref> * Diskiverin [[insulin]]: [[John Macleod (pheesiologist)|John J R Macleod]] (1876–1935) wi ithers<ref name="insulin">{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: John Macleod - Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/macleod-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> The diskivery led him tae be gien the awaird for Nobel prize in Medicine in 1923.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/|access-date=2011-03-11|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> * [[Penicillin]]: Sir [[Alexander Fleming]] (1881–1955)<ref name="penicillin">{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: Sir Alexander Fleming - Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> * First uise o X-ray cinematography: John Macintyre (1896); the first muivin real time X-ray eemage an the first KUB X-ray diagnostic eemage o a kidney stane in situ<ref name="universitystory.gla.ac.uk" /> * Estaiblishment o staundardised Ophthalmology: Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, a pioneerin Ophthalmologist in the 1930-50s<ref name="Lyle, T. K. 1980"/> * The first hospital Radiation therapy uinit: John Macintyre (1902); tae gie a haun wi the diagnosis an treatment for injuries an illness at Glesga Ryal Infirmary<ref name="universitystory.gla.ac.uk">{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of John Macintyre|url=http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH3015&type=P|access-date=2018-11-20|website=www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk}}</ref> * The ''Haldane effect'', a property o hemoglobin: Descrived first bi John Scott Haldane (1907)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boycott|first=A. E.|last2=Damant|first2=G. C. C.|last3=Haldane|first3=J. S.|year=1908|title=Prevention of compressed air illness|journal=J. Hygiene|volume=8|issue=3|pages=342–443|doi=10.1017/S0022172400003399|pmc=2167126|pmid=20474365}}</ref> * The first Decompression tables: John Scott Haldane (1908); tae calculate the safe retour o deep-sea divers tae surface atmospheric pressur<ref>Hellemans, Alexander; Bunch, Bryan (1988). The Timetables of Science. Simon & Schuster. p. 411. {{ISBN|0-671-62130-0}}.</ref> * Oxygen therapy: John Scott Haldane (1922), wi the publishin o ‘The Therapeutic Administration of Oxygen Therapy’, stairtin the modren era o Oxygen therapy<ref>The History of Respiratory Therapy: Discovery and Evolution by Dennis W. Glover p37 {{ISBN|1-4490-1491-7}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4490-1491-9}}</ref> * Transplant rejection: Professor Thomas Gibson (1940s) the first medical doctor tae unnerstaun the relationship atweesh donor graft tissue an host tissue rejection an tissue transplantation bi his work on aviation burns victims durin World War II<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: World Changing:: Developing our understanding of tissue transplantation|url=http://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=53|access-date=2018-11-20|website=www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk|archive-date=2018-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072534/https://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=53|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Diskiverin an effective tuberculosis treatment: Sir John Crofton in the 1950s * Developin the first beta-blocker drugs: Sir James W. Black in 1964; revolutionised the medical management for angina<ref name="pmid10378820">{{Cite journal|last=van der Vring JA|date=June 1999|title=Combination of calcium channel blockers and beta blockers for patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris: a double-blind parallel-group comparison of different classes of calcium channel blockers. The Netherlands Working Group on Cardiovascular Research (WCN)|journal=Angiology|volume=50|issue=6|pages=447–454|doi=10.1177/000331979905000602|pmid=10378820}}</ref> an is seen as ae o the maist important contreebutions tae clinical medicine an [[pharmacology]] o the 20t yearhunner.<ref name="pmid9456487">{{Cite journal|last=Stapleton MP|year=1997|title=Sir James Black and propranolol. The role of the basic sciences in the history of cardiovascular pharmacology|journal=Texas Heart Institute Journal|volume=24|issue=4|pages=336–42|pmc=325477|pmid=9456487}}</ref> In 1988 Black wis gien the awaird for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. * Developin modren asthma therapy based on baith bronchodilation (salbutamol) an anti-inflammatory steroids (beclomethasone dipropionate): Sir David Jack (1972) * Chainsaw inventit bi surgeons John Aitken an James Jeffray for widenin the birth canal during difficult childbirth<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Skippen|first=M.|last2=Kirkup|first2=J.|last3=Maxton|first3=R. M.|last4=McDonald|first4=S. W.|year=2004|title=The chain saw--a Scottish invention - PubMed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15209147/|journal=Scottish Medical Journal|volume=49|issue=2|pages=72–75|doi=10.1177/003693300404900218|pmid=15209147|access-date=2022-04-03}}</ref> * Glasgow coma scale: Graham Teasdale an Bryan J. Jennett (1974)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glasgow Coma Scale - Coma Science Group|url=http://www.coma.ulg.ac.be/images/gcs_comments.pdf|access-date=2010-11-12}}</ref> * Glasgow Outcome Scale: Bryan J. Jennett & Sir Michael Bond (1975): diagnostic tuil for patients wi brain injuries, sic as cerebral traumas<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Glasgow Outcome Scale — 40 years of application and refinement|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/121690/1/121690.pdf|url-status=live|website=University of Glasgow}}</ref> * Diskiverin an developin the anesthetic drug Propofol: Dr. John B. Glen (1977); a surgical anesthetic uised aw aboot the warld, common in general surgery cases. In 2018 Dr. Glen wis gien a Lasker Award.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lasker Awards Given for Work in Genetics, Anesthesia and Promoting Women in Science|language=en|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/11/health/lasker-awards-genetics-anesthesia-women.html|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> * Glasgow Anxiety Scale: J.Mindham an C.A Espie (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mindham J, Espie CA|year=2003|title=Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with an Intellectual Disability (GAS-ID): development and psychometric properties of a new measure for use with people with mild intellectual disability|journal=J Intellect Disabil Res|volume=47|issue=Pt 1|pages=22–30|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00457.x|pmid=12558692}}</ref> * Glasgow Depression Scale: Fiona Cuthill (2003); the first accurate self-report scale tae measure the levels o depression in fowk wi lairnin disabilities<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cuthill|first=Fiona M.|last2=Espie|first2=Colin A.|last3=Cooper|first3=Sally-Anne|date=April 13, 2003|title=Development and psychometric properties of the Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a Learning Disability: Individual and carer supplement versions|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=182|issue=4|pages=347–353|doi=10.1192/bjp.182.4.347|pmid=12668412|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Diskiverin the Human papillomavirus [[vaccine]]: Ian Frazer (2006); the seicont cancer forfendin vaccine, an the warld's first vaccine made tae forfend a cancer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-24|title=Professor Ian Frazer recalls 'lucky' discovery of cervical cancer vaccine|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-25/ian-frazer-recalls-lucky-discovery-of-cervical-cancer-vaccine/8385872|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> * Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS): Strathclyde Varsity (2014); a laser an nanoparticle test tae airt oot Meningitis or multiple pathogenic agents at the same time.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-02-12|title=Lasers used for meningitis test|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-26146806|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> == Household innovations == * The [[telly]]: [[John Logie Baird]] (1923) * The [[refrigerator]]: William Cullen (1748)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of the refrigerator and freezer about.com:inventors|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrefrigerator.htm|access-date=2010-06-13|archive-date=2020-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531033655/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-refrigerator-and-freezers-4072564|url-status=dead}}</ref> * The first [[Toaster|electric bread toaster]]: Alan MacMasters (1893) * The flush toilet: Alexander Cumming (1775) * The vacuum flask: Sir [[James Dewar]] (1847–1932) * The first distiller tae triple distill Irish whiskey:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jameson Irish Whiskey - Welcome to the Home of the world’s number one Irish whiskey<!-- Bot generated title -->|url=http://www.jamesonwhiskey.com/Home.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320165717/http://www.jamesonwhiskey.com/Home.aspx|archive-date=2009-03-20|access-date=2009-03-18}}</ref>John Jameson (Whisky distiller) * The piano fitpedal: John Broadwood (1732–1812) * The first automatit can-fillin machine John West (1809–1888)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cunningham|first=Glenn|year=1953|title=Oregon's First Salmon Canner, "Captain" John West|journal=Oregon Historical Quarterly|volume=54|issue=3|pages=240–248|jstor=20612107}}</ref> * The waterpruif macintosh: Charles Macintosh (1766–1843) * The kaleidoscope: Sir [[David Brewster]] (1781–1868) * Keiller's marmalade Janet Keiller (1797) - The first recipe o rind suspendit marmalade or Dundee marmalade producit in [[Dundee]]. * The modren lawnmower: Alexander Shanks (1801–1845) * The Lucifer friction match: Sir Isaac Holden (1807–1897) * The self filling pen: Robert Thomson (1822–1873) * Cotton-reel [[Yairn|thread]]: J &amp;amp; J Clark of [[Paisley]] * Lime cordial: Lauchlan Rose in 1867 * Bovril beef howkin: John Lawson Johnston in 1874 * The electric clock: Alexander Bain (1840) * Chemical Telegraph (Automatic Telegraphy) Alexander Bain (1846) In Ingland Bain's telegraph wis uised on the wires o the Electric Telegraph Company tae a limitit stent, an in 1850 it wis uised in America. == Wapens innovations == * The carronade cannon: Robert Melville (1723–1809)<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - ''A History Of The World'' - Object: A model Carronade|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/1Wxny91wQwqMqDKE2lXRSQ|access-date=2010-06-16}}</ref> * The Ferguson rifle: Patrick Ferguson in 1770 * The Lee bolt seestem as uised in the Lee–Metford an Lee–Enfield series rifles: James Paris Lee * The Ghillie suit first uised bi the Lovat Scouts * The percussion cap: inventit bi Scots Presbyterian clergyman Alexander Forsyth == Miscellaneous innovations == * Boys' Brigade: Sir William Alexander Smith<ref>[http://www.royalgazette.com/siftology.royalgazette/Article/article.jsp?articleId=7d8af2f30030024&sectionId=60 Raynor, Tauria (2008-10-30). "Boys' Brigade want alumni to return for a special anniversary". The Royal Gazette] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720212603/http://www.royalgazette.com/siftology.royalgazette/Article/article.jsp?articleId=7d8af2f30030024&sectionId=60 |date=2009-07-20 }}. Retrieved 2008-10-30.</ref> * [[Bank o Ingland|Bank of England]] devised by William Paterson * Bank of France devised by John Law * Grand Theft Auto: developit bi Scots game developers [[Rockstar North|DMA Design]] (kent later on as [[Rockstar North]]) * The industrialisation an modernisation o Japan bi Thomas Blake Glover<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thomas Glover {{!}} mitsubishi.com|url=https://www.mitsubishi.com/en/profile/history/series/thomas/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.mitsubishi.com|language=en}}</ref> * Colour photography: the first kent permanent colour photograph wis taen bi [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * [[Buick|Buick Motor Company]] bi David Dunbar Buick * ''New York Herald'' newspaper bi James Gordon Bennett, Sr. * Pinkerton National Detective Agency bi Allan Pinkerton * ''Forbes'' magazine bi B. C. Forbes * The estaiblishin o a staundardised botanical institute: [[Isaac Bayley Balfour]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paterson|first=Leonie|date=2015-03-31|title=Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour (1853-1922)|url=https://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/14510|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Botanics Stories|language=en-US}}</ref> * Lunnon Schuil o Hygiene &amp;amp; Tropical Medicine: fooondit bi [[Patrick Manson|Sir Patrick Manson]] in 1899 * Barr's [[Irn-Bru]], saft drink producit bi Barr's in [[Cummernaud|Cumbernauld]] Scotland an exportit aw aroond the warld. The drink is that widely popular in Scotland that it ootsells baith American colas [[Coca-Cola]] an [[Pepsi]] an ranks 3rd maist popular drink in the UK wi Coca-Cola an Pepsi takkin the first twa spot.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-02-01|title=15 things you (probably) didn't know about Irn-Bru - Scotsman Food and Drink|language=en-US|work=Scotsman Food and Drink|url=http://foodanddrink.scotsman.com/drink/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-irn-bru/|access-date=2018-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119062704/http://foodanddrink.scotsman.com/drink/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-irn-bru/|archive-date=2017-11-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> * == References == {{Reflist|3}} * [http://www.visitscotland.com/aboutscotland/history/scottishinventions Visit Scotland - Scottish Inventions] {{En}} === Publications === * Great Scottish Discoveries and Inventions {{En}}, Bill Fletcher, William W. Fletcher, John Harrold, Drew, 1985, University of California, {{ISBN|0-86267-084-5}}, {{ISBN|978-0-86267-084-9}} * Great Scottish inventions and discoveries: a concise guide : a selection of Scottish inventions and discoveries made over a period stretching back to the fifteenth century {{En}}, John Geddes, Northern Books, 1994 * Scottish Inventors {{En}}, Alistair Fyfe, HarperCollins, 1999, {{ISBN|0-00-472326-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-00-472326-6}} * The Scottish invention of America, democracy and human rights: a history of liberty and freedom from the ancient Celts to the New Millennium {{En}}, Alexander Leslie Klieforth, Robert John Munro, University Press of America, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7618-2791-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7618-2791-7}} * Philosophical chemistry in the Scottish enlightenment: the doctrines and discoveries of William Cullen and Joseph Black {{En}}, Arthur L. Donovan == Freemit Airtins == * [http://www2006.org/top20/inventions/ Tap Twinty Scots Inventions] {{En}}, 15t Internaitional Warld Wide Web Conference, Edinburgh, 2006 * [http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/education/inventors.html Scottish Inventors . . . who keep the world in touch] {{En}}, Global Friends of Scotland (a [[Scots Govrenment|Scottish Executive]] website) * [http://www.scottish-inventions.org.uk/welcome_frame.htm Scottish Inventors and their Inventions] {{En}}, Kenmay Academy [[Category:Scots inventions]] nm3tez99d10mak58jmwdc3g6nwhzro1 0 234066 923744 923628 2026-09-29T17:15:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 923744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Maubeuge |commune status = [[Communes o Fraunce|Commune]] |image coat of arms = Blason Maubeuge.svg |image = Porte de mons maubeuge.JPG |caption = Porte de Mons |arrondissement = Avesnes-sur-Helpe |canton = Maubeuge |INSEE = 59392 |postal code = 59600 |mayor = Arnaud Decagny<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr}}</ref> |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Communauté d'agglomération Maubeuge Val de Sambre|CA Maubeuge Val de Sambre]] |coordinates = {{coord|50.2775|03.9734|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |area km2 = 18.85 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Maubeuge''' ({{IPA-fr|mobøʒ}}; historical [[Dutch leid|Dutch]]: ''Mabuse'' or [[Dutch leid|Dutch]]: ''Malbode''; [[Picard leid|Picard]]: ''Maubeuche'') is a [[Communes o Fraunce|commune]] in the [[Nord (French depairtment)|Nord depairtment]] in northren [[Fraunce]]. It is situatit on baith baunks o the [[Sambre]] (here canalised), {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}} east o [[Valenciennes]] an aboot {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} frae the [[Belgium|Belgian]] mairch. ==History== Maubeuge (auncient ''Malbodium'', frae [[Laitin]], derived frae the [[Frankish leid|Auld Frankish]] name ''Malboden'', meanin "assize o Boden") awes its oreegin tae [[Maubeuge Aibbey]], a dooble [[monastery]], fur men an wummen, foondit in the 7t yearhunder bi [[Aldegund|Saint Aldego]], the [[Relic|relics]] o wham are hained in the [[kirk]]. It efter belanged tae the territory o [[Coonty o Hainaut|Hainaut]]. The toun wis pairt o the [[Spainish Netherlands]] an chynged haunds a nummer o times afore it wis finally ceded tae Fraunce in the 1678 [[Treaties o Nijmegen|Treatie o Nijmegen]]. As pairt o [[Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis o Vauban|Vauban]]'s ''pré carré'' plan that pertectit Fraunce's northren mairchs wi a dooble line o fortresses, it wis muckle fortifee'd as directit bi [[Louis XIV o Fraunce|Louis XIV]] o Fraunce. [[File:The Hundred Days Offensive, August-november 1918 Q7446.jpg|thumb|left|Mayor o Maubeuge presentin the Breetish [[Gairds Diveesion (Unitit Kinrick)|Gairds Diveesion]] wi a banner as an appreciation frae the toun whilk wis taen bi the diveesion on 9 November 1918. Major-General [[Torquhil Matheson]] is seen receivin the banner, 14 November 1918.]] [[Siege|Besiegit]] in 1793 bi Prince [[Prince Josias o Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Josias]] o [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], it wis relieved bi the [[Battle o Wattignies|victory o Wattignies]], that is minded bi a [[Monument|moniment]] in the toun. It wis for nocht besiegit in 1814, but wis gar tae owergie, efter a feckfu resistance, in the [[Hunder Days]]. As a [[Fortification|fortress]], Maubeuge haes an auld enceinte o bastion trace which serves as the centre o an important entrenched camp o 18 mile perimeter. The fortress wis constructit efter the [[Franco-Prussian War|War o 1870]] but wis later modrenised an augmentit. The forts wis [[Siege o Maubeuge|besiegit]] in [[Warld War I]] bi the [[German Empire]]. Maubeuge suffert hivily in [[Warld War II]]: 90% o the toun centre wis destroyed bi bombardments in Mey 1940. Fechtin again happent in early September 1944, in an aroond the ootby o Maubeuge, involvin units o the [[U.S. 1st Infantry Diveesion (Unitit States)|U.S. 1st Infantry Diveesion]] durin the American push tae [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The First! The Story of the 1st Infantry Division: WWII G.I. Stories Booklet|url=http://www.lonesentry.com/gi_stories_booklets/1stinfantry/|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2026|website=Lone Sentry|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Offeecial wabsteid o the toun o Maubeuge|url=http://www.ville-maubeuge.fr/php/decouvrir/histoire_1940_1944.php|url-status=dead|access-date=28 September 2026|website=Ville de Maubeuge|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203054026/http://www.ville-maubeuge.fr/php/decouvrir/histoire_1940_1944.php|archive-date=2011-02-03}}</ref> Efter the war the toun wis rebiggit: the new biggins endit up in the new [[Hôtel de Ville, Maubeuge|Hôtel de Ville]] that wis completit in 1970.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hôtel de ville de Maubeuge|url=https://www.pss-archi.eu/immeubles/FR-59392-2676.html|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2026|website=PSS Architecture|language=fr}}</ref> [[File:Maubeuge Hotel de ville.jpg|thumb|The Hôtel de Ville]] ===Heraldry=== {{Blazon-arms | img1=Blason Maubeuge.svg | legend1=Arms of Maubeuge | text=The airms o Maubeuge are blazont : ''Gowd, fower lions, twa in bend sable airmt an langueit gules, twa in bend sinister gules airmt an langueit azure, in chief an eagle sable beakit langueit membrit an airmt gules, oweraw a crozier gowd bendwise. }} ==Geography== ===Climate=== Maubeuge haes an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate clessification]] ''Cfb''). The average annual temperatur in Maubeuge is {{cvt|10.6|C}}. The average annual rainfaw is {{cvt|880.8|mm}} wi December as the weetest month. The temperaturs are heichest on average in Julie, at aroond {{cvt|18.5|C}}, an laichest in Januar, at aroond {{cvt|3.2|C}}. The heichest temperatur iver recordit in Maubeuge wis {{cvt|37.5|C}} on 7 August 2003; the cauldest temperatur iver recordit wis {{cvt|-17.5|C}} on 16 Januar 1985. {{Weather box|width=auto |location = Maubeuge (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1961−present) |single line = Y |metric first = Y |Jan record high C = 15.0 |Feb record high C = 18.2 |Mar record high C = 24.9 |Apr record high C = 29.5 |May record high C = 32.0 |Jun record high C = 33.5 |Jul record high C = 35.5 |Aug record high C = 37.5 |Sep record high C = 34.5 |Oct record high C = 25.6 |Nov record high C = 19.5 |Dec record high C = 17.0 |Jan record low C = -17.5 |Feb record low C = -13.7 |Mar record low C = -12.5 |Apr record low C = -6.0 |May record low C = -2.0 |Jun record low C = -1.5 |Jul record low C = 3.3 |Aug record low C = 4.0 |Sep record low C = 0.0 |Oct record low C = -5.0 |Nov record low C = -11.5 |Dec record low C = -13.5 |Jan high C = 5.8 |Feb high C = 6.9 |Mar high C = 10.6 |Apr high C = 14.2 |May high C = 18.7 |Jun high C = 21.3 |Jul high C = 23.6 |Aug high C = 23.7 |Sep high C = 19.8 |Oct high C = 15.5 |Nov high C = 9.5 |Dec high C = 6.6 |year high C = 14.7 |Jan mean C = 3.2 |Feb mean C = 3.7 |Mar mean C = 6.7 |Apr mean C = 9.4 |May mean C = 13.6 |Jun mean C = 16.2 |Jul mean C = 18.5 |Aug mean C = 18.4 |Sep mean C = 15.1 |Oct mean C = 11.5 |Nov mean C = 6.5 |Dec mean C = 4.2 |year mean C = 10.6 |Jan low C = 0.6 |Feb low C = 0.6 |Mar low C = 2.8 |Apr low C = 4.6 |May low C = 8.6 |Jun low C = 11.1 |Jul low C = 13.4 |Aug low C = 13.1 |Sep low C = 10.3 |Oct low C = 7.6 |Nov low C = 3.6 |Dec low C = 1.7 |year low C = 6.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 81.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 64.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 80.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 54.7 |May precipitation mm = 70.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 79.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 71.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 73.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 61.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 79.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 78.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 85.1 |year precipitation mm = 880.8 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 14.0 |Feb precipitation days = 11.0 |Mar precipitation days = 13.4 |Apr precipitation days = 10.0 |May precipitation days = 12.2 |Jun precipitation days = 11.0 |Jul precipitation days = 10.2 |Aug precipitation days = 9.6 |Sep precipitation days = 10.6 |Oct precipitation days = 11.9 |Nov precipitation days = 13.0 |Dec precipitation days = 13.2 |year precipitation days = 140.1 |source 1 = [[Météo-France]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_59392001.pdf | title=Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1981-2010 et records | language = fr | publisher = [[Météo-France]] | access-date = 28 September 2026}}</ref>}} ==Population== {{Historical populations | align = none | cols = 2 | percentages = pagr | source = INSEE (1968-2023)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-59392#tableau-POPREF_G1 Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023], INSEE</ref> | graph-pos = bottom |1793 |4841 |1800 |4726 |1806 |5020 |1821 |5736 |1831 |6240 |1836 |6363 |1841 |7431 |1846 |7328 |1851 |7719 |1856 |8663 |1861 |10557 |1866 |10877 |1872 |13234 |1876 |14398 |1881 |17221 |1886 |18329 |1891 |18863 |1896 |19799 |1901 |20826 |1906 |21520 |1911 |23209 |1921 |21173 |1926 |23338 |1931 |24221 |1936 |23622 |1946 |20859 |1954 |24215 |1962 |27214 |1968 |32028 |1975 |35399 |1982 |36061 |1990 |34989 |1999 |33546 |2007 |32667 |2012 |30994 |2017 |29944 |2023 |28767 }} == Economy == Thare are important [[Foondrie|foondries]], [[Forge|forges]] an [[Blast furnace|blast furnaces]], thegither wi manufacturs o [[Machine tuil|machine tuils]] an [[wallie]]. The toun haes a buird o tred arbiter, a communal [[college]], a commercial an industrial [[schuil]]. == Transport == Bein close tae the Belgian mairch, [[Maubeuge station]] haes twa lines tae Belgium: ane leadin North tae [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]], the ither Eastwart tae [[Charleroi]]. Naither hae seen passenger service fur seevral years; houiver, frae December 2018 a limitit service tae [[Namur]] throu Charleroi wis annoonced. Trains tae the Sooth-Wast are frequent. The nearest airports are [[Brussels Sooth Charleroi Airport|Charleroi Airport]], locatit {{convert|64|km|mi|abbr=on}} north east, [[Lille Airport]], locatit {{convert|83|km|mi|abbr=on}} north wast an [[Brussels Airport]], locatit {{convert|103|km|mi|abbr=on}} north o Maubeuge. == Tour de France == [[Maurice Garin]], the winner o the furst [[1903 Tour de France]], begoud his cyclin career in 1892 wi the local Maubeuge cyclin club, whan he finisht fift in the {{Convert|200|km|mi|0|adj=on}} Maubeuge-Hirson-Maubeuge race.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 Februar 2001|title=Profile o Maurice Garin|url=http://www.lepays.net/jdj/01/02/20/MA/1/article_1.html|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2026|website=L'Alsace|language=fr}}</ref> In 2003, on the 100t anniversar o his win, he wis mindit wi a street named efter him. == Kenspeckle fowk == * [[Camille Lou]], sangster an actress ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * [http://www.ville-maubeuge.fr/ Offeecial wabsteid] (in French) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060311015630/http://www.fortified-places.com/maubeuge.html Wabpage anent the fortifications] {{Nord communes}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Communes o Nord (French depairtment)]] pa9d1cp6yac5updj7n5i9tvyshm1apx 3 234077 923774 2026-09-30T00:20:30Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 923774 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Adavyd, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Adavyd|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:20, 30 September 2026 (UTC) b84mv75ut1m2ugqh0vdwh8e7vbv8cdz