Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3770 924921 918638 2026-10-20T22:47:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Kinrik o Spain | native_name = {{native name|es|Reino de España|icon=no}}{{efn|name=a|The Spaingie Constitution daesna estaiblish ony offeecial name for Spain, even tho the terms ''España'' (Spain), ''Estado español'' (Spaingie State) an ''Nación española'' (Spainish Natioun) are uised out-throu the libel. Nanetheless, the Spainish Meenistry o Fremmit Affairs estaiblished in an ordinance pat out in 1984 that the terms ''España'' (Spain) an ''Reino de España'' (Kinrik o Spainie) are equally valid tae bear Spain in international treaties. This term, Kinrik o Spainie, is commonly uised bi the govrenment in national an international affairs o aa kin-kind, for ensample foreign treaties as well as national offeecial writs, an is therefore awned as the offeecial name bi mony international organisations.<ref>[http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/ai281209-aec.html Acuerdo entre el Reino de de España y Nueva Zelanda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831012228/http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/ai281209-aec.html |date=2016-08-31 }}, [http://www.mir.es/SGACAVT/derecho/ac/ac13021992.html Acuerdo entre el reino de España y el reino de Marruecos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720002802/http://www.mir.es/SGACAVT/derecho/ac/ac13021992.html |date=2011-07-20 }}; [http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:POLvL-tJBq8_KM:http://www.motoradictos.com/images/2010/05/permiso-conducir-espana1.jpg&t=1 licenses] [http://sbrabogados.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/carnet_conducir.jpg permissions] [http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/tue.t6.html Tratado de la Unión Europea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929033302/http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/tue.t6.html |date=2015-09-29 }}</ref>}}{{efn|name=b|In Spain, [[Leids o Spain|ither leids]] hae been offeecially awned as legitimate [[Indigenous leid|independent]] [[regional leid|(regional) leids]] unner the [[European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids]]. In ilk-ane o thir, Spain's offeecial name ({{lang-es|Reino de España|links=no}}, moo-banned: {{IPA-es|ˈreino ð(e) esˈpaɲa|}}) is as follaes: * {{lang-an|Reino d'Espanya}}, {{IPA-esdia|ˈreino ðesˈpaɲa|IPA}} * {{lang-ast|Reinu d'España}}, {{IPA-ast|ˈreinu ðesˈpaɲa|IPA}} * {{lang-eu|Espainiako Erresuma}}, {{IPA-eu|es̺paɲiako eres̺uma|IPA}} * {{lang-ca|Regne d'Espanya}}, {{nowrap|{{IPA-ca|ˈreŋnə dəsˈpaɲə|IPA}} ** {{IPA-ca|ˈreŋne desˈpaɲa|langva}} * {{lang-gl|Reino de España}}, {{IPA-gl|ˈreino ð(e) esˈpaɲɐ|IPA}} * {{lang-oc|Reiaume d'Espanha}}, {{IPA-oc|reˈjawme ðesˈpaɲɔ|IPA}}}}}} | common_name = Spain | image_flag = Flag of Spain.svg | image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg | image_map = EU-Spain.svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=[[Europe]] |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] | subregion_color = green |legend=EU-Spain.svg}} | image_map2 = Spain-Location-Map(2013)-UNOCHA-no-logo.png | national_motto = {{native phrase|la|"[[Plus ultra (motto)|Plus Ultra]]"|italics=no}} <br /> {{small|(Scots: Farrer Ayont)}} | national_anthem = {{native name|es|"[[Marcha Real]]"|italics=no|icon=no}}<!-- In full ''Marcha Real Española'' (Spanish Royal March), kent as ''Marcha Granadera'' (Mairch o the Grenadiers) forbye. --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1997/10/11/pdfs/A29594-29600.pdf|title=Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional|author=[[Government of Spain|Presidency of the Government]]|work=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]] núm. 244|date=11 October 1997|language=Spanish}}</ref> <br /> {{small|(Scots: Ryal Mairch)}} <br /> <center>[[File:Marcha Real-Royal March by US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | languages_type = Offeecial leid <br /> {{nobold|an national le}}id | languages = [[Spainish leid|Spainish]]<!--(aka Castilian)-->{{efn|name=c|The offeecial Spainish leid o the State is estaiblished intil Section 3 o the [[Spainish Constitution o 1978]] tae be Castilian Spainish.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/IDIOMAS/9/Espana/LeyFundamental/index.htm |title=The Spanish Constitution |publisher=Lamoncloa.gob.es |date= |accessdate=26 April 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325101204/http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/IDIOMAS/9/Espana/LeyFundamental/index.htm |archivedate=2013-03-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> In some [[independent commonties o Spain|independent commonties]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]], [[Galician leid|Galician]] an [[Basque leid|Basque]] are co-offeecial leids. [[Aragonese leid|Aragonese]] an [[Asturian leid|Asturian]] hae some degree o offeecial recognition.}} | languages2_type = Owned regional <br /> leids{{efn|name=c}}<!--Hained and/or co-official (regional) langidjes--> | languages2 = {{hlist | [[Aragonese leid|Aragonese]] | [[Astur-Leonese leids|Asturian]]<!--(incl. Leonese)--> | [[Basque leid|Basque]] | [[Catalan leid|Catalan]]<!--(incl. Valencian)--> | [[Galicie leid|Galicie]] | [[Occitan leid|Occitan]]<!--(Aranese dialect)-->}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |89.9% [[Spainish fowk|Spaingie]] |10.1% ithers}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2015 | demonym = {{hlist |[[Spainish fowk|Spaingie]] |[[Spaingie fowk|Spaniard]]}} | capital = [[Madrid]] | coordinates = {{Coord|40|26|N|3|42|W|type:city}} | largest_city = Capital | government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitary]]&nbsp;[[Parlamentary seestem|parlamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional]]&nbsp;[[monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o Spain|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Felipe VI o Spain|Felipe VI]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Spain|Prime Meenister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mariano Rajoy]] | legislature = [[Cortes Generales]] | upper_house = [[Senate o Spain|Senate]] | lower_house = [[Congress o Deputies (Spain)|Congress o Deputies]] | sovereignty_type = [[History o Spain|Formation]] | established_event2 = [[Dynasty|Dynastic]] | established_date2 = [[Catholic Monarchs|1479]] | established_event3 = ''[[De facto]]'' | established_date3 = [[Charles I o Spain|1516]] | established_event4 = ''[[De jure]]'' | established_date4 = [[Nueva Planta Decrees|1715]] | established_event5 = First Constitution | established_date5 = [[Spainish Constitution o 1812|1812]] | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Spainish transition tae democracy|Current democracy]]}} | established_date6 = [[Spainish Constitution o 1978|1978]] | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[Eikin o Spain tae the European Union|EEC accession]]}}{{efn|[[European Union]] (EU) syne 1993.}} | established_date7 = 1986 | area_km2 = 505,990<ref>{{cite web|title=Anuario estadístico de España 2008. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente|url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario08/anu08_01entor.pdf|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|accessdate=14 April 2015}}</ref> | area_sq_mi = 195,364 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | area_rank = 52nt | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | percent_water = 1.04 | population_estimate = 46,439,864<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np917.pdf |title=Population Figures at 1 January 2015 | publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Frae Januar 2015, Spain's nummer of indwallers wis upcuissen tae be 46,439,864. In the same month, the nummer of citizens wi Spainish citizenship raxed tae 44,175,055 (41,992,012 bein permanent wonners in Spain an 2,183,043 bein national abroads). The nummer of fremmit fowk (i.e. incomers, ex-pats an bield-seekers) permanently bidin in Spain wis upcuissen tae be 4,447,852 (10.1%) in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np898.pdf |title=Population Figures at 1 January 2015 (Spanish Nationals abroad) 1 January 2015 | publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_estimate_rank = 30t | population_census = 46,815,916<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np756.pdf |title=Censos de Población y Viviendas de 2011 |publisher = Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)|language=es}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 92 | population_density_sq_mi = 240 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 106t | GDP_PPP_year = 2014 | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$1.619 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=4&c=184&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Spain |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=26 August 2015}}</ref>}} | GDP_PPP_rank = 16t | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,899<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 32nt | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$1.230 trillion<ref name=imf2 />}} | GDP_nominal_rank = 14t | GDP_nominal_year = 2014 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $26,517<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28t | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = 32 <!--Increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 33.7 <!--Number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalized disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=22 July 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|url-status=dead}}</ref> | HDI_year = 2013 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = steady <!--Increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.869 <!--Number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name=HDI>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report |date=14 March 2013 |accessdate=27 July 2014 | pages=21–25}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 27t | currency = [[Euro]]{{efn|The [[Peseta]] afore 2002.}} ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]{{efn|name=d|Binna the [[Canary Islands]], whilk obsairves UTC+0 ([[Wastren European Time|WET]]) an UTC+1 ([[Wastren European Simmer Time|WEST]]) durin the simmer time.}} | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]{{efn|name=d}} | utc_offset_DST = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy {{small|([[Common Era|CE]])}} | drives_on = Richt | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|+34]] | iso3166code = ES | cctld = [[.es]]{{efn|name=e|The [[.eu]] domain is alsae uised, sin it is shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states. An forbye, the [[.cat]] domain is uised in [[Països Catalans|Catalan-speakin pairts]].}} }} [[File:Comunidades autónomas de España.svg|thumb|Territorial organization]] '''Spaingie''' or '''Spain''' ([[Spainish leid|Spainish]]: {{lang|es|España}}, {{IPA-es|esˈpaɲa||Es-España.ogg}}), offeecially cried the '''Kinrick o Spain''' ({{lang|es|Reino de España}}),{{efn|name=a}}{{efn|name=b}} is a [[kintra]] maistly locat on the [[Iberie Peninsula|Iberian Peninsula]] in [[Europe]]. The kintra's mainland is mairched tae the sooth an east bi the [[Mediterrane Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] binna for a smaw laund boondary wi [[Gibraltar]]; tae the north an northeast bi [[Fraunce]], [[Andorrae|Andorra]], an the Bay o Biscay; an tae the wast an northwast bi [[Portugal]] an the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Spainish laund taks in twa muckle archipelagos, the [[Balearic Islands]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] an the [[Canary Islands]] aff the African Atlantic coast, twa ceeties (kent as [[Ceuta]] an [[Melilla]]) on the African mainland an a wheen smaw islands in the [[Alboran Sea]] nearhand the African coast. Spain is the anerly European kintra tae hae a mairch wi an African kintra ([[Morocco]]){{efn|See [[leet o transcontinental kintras]].}} Wi an area o {{convert|505990|km2|abbr=on}}, Spain is the mucklest kintra in Soothren Europe, the saicont mucklest kintra in Wastren Europe an the European Union, an the fowert mucklest kintra on the European continent. Bi nummer o indwallers, Spain is the saxt mucklest in Europe an the [[Member state o the European Union#Leet|fift]] in the European Union. Spain's capital an mucklest ceety is [[Madrid]]; amang the ither muckle touns are [[Barcelona]], [[Valencia]], [[Seville]], [[Bilbao]] an [[Málaga]]. Fowk o the day first wan till the [[Peninsula o Ibeirie|Iberian Peninsula]] aboot 35,000 year syne. Iberian cultures alang wi auncient [[Phoenicie|Phoenician]], [[Auncient Greece|Greek]] an Carthaginian colonies raxed athort the peninsula ontil it cam unner the maistry o the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] roon aboot 200 BCE; efter this the region wis cried ''Hispania'', foondit on the aulder Phoenician name ''Span'' or ''Spania''.<ref name="historiaclasica.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.historiaclasica.com/2007/09/iberia-vs-hispania-origen-etimolgico.html|title=Iberia vs Hispania: Origen etimológico|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227231455/http://www.historiaclasica.com/2007/09/iberia-vs-hispania-origen-etimolgico.html|archivedate=27 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Efter the dounfaa o the Wastren Roman Empire, Germanic tribes frae Mid Europe conquessed the Iberian peninsula an foondit fairly independent realms in its wastren provinces - amang thaim war the Sueves, Alans an [[Vandals]]. The Visigoths wad come tae forcibly jyne the lave o aa the independent territories out-throu the peninsula, alang wi the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] provinces, intae the Kinrick o Toledo, that less or mair soudered the poleetical, releegious an legal domains o aa the umwhile Roman provinces or successor kinricks that wis than documentit as Hispanie. Durin the hint-end o the echt century, the Visigothic Kinrick wis whummle’t wi Muslim Berbers an [[Arabs]] that hailed frae [[North Africae|North Africa]]. They ruled the feck o the peninsula for the nixt seiven centuries, leavin anerly a twa-three smaw Christian realms in the north. Efter the Moorish conquess, Europeans begoud a langsome process o winnin back the region, an this wis cried the [[Reconquista]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Esparza|first1=José Javier|title=La gesta española : historia de España en 48 estampas, para quienes han olvidado cuál era su nación|date=2007|publisher=Áltera|location=Barcelona|isbn=9788496840140|edition=1a.}}</ref> Gin the hint-end o the 15t century this haed resultit in the kythin o Spain as a unitit kintra unner the Catholic Monarchs. In the fore-end o modren times, Spain haed becam ane o history's foremaist global empires, leavin a vast cultural an linguistic heirskip that taks in ower 500 million Hispanophones, makkin [[Spainish leid|Spainish]] the warld's saicont maist spoken mither-tung, efter [[Mandarin Cheenese|Mandarin Chinese]]. Spain is a secular parlamentary democracy an [[constitutional monarchy]],<ref name="Constitucion1978">{{cite web|url=http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/titulos/articulos.jsp?ini=1&fin=9&tipo=2|title=La Constitución española de 1978. Título preliminar.|publisher=Página oficial del Congreso de los Diputados|accessdate=30 September 2017|language=es|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027035711/http://www.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/titulos/articulos.jsp?ini=1&fin=9&tipo=2|archivedate=27 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> wi King Felipe VI as [[heid o state]]. It is a forehand developed kintra,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Whitehouse|first1=Mark|title=Number of the Week: $10.2 Trillion in Global Borrowing|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2010/11/06/number-of-the-week-102-trillion-in-global-borrowing/|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=6 November 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920064345/https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2010/11/06/number-of-the-week-102-trillion-in-global-borrowing/|archivedate=20 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an haes the warld's fowerteent mucklest economy bi nominal GDP an saxteent mucklest bi spennin pouer parity. It is a member o the [[Unitit Naitions|Unitit Natiouns]] (UN), the [[European Union]] (EU), the [[Eurozone]], the Cooncil o Europe (CoE), the Organisation o Ibero-American States (OEI), the Union for the Mediterranean, the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)]], the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development]] (OECD), OSCE, the Schengen Area, the Warld Tredd Organisation (WTO) an mony ither organisations roon aboot the warld. Spain haes a "permanent invitation" tae the [[G20]] summits, whilk occurs maistly aince in the year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opinion {{!}} Time for the G20 to Welcome Spain as a Full Member – Young European Leadership|url=https://younglead.eu/index.php/2026/04/02/opinion-time-for-the-g20-to-welcome-spain-as-a-full-member/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-GB|archive-date=2026-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520203229/https://younglead.eu/index.php/2026/04/02/opinion-time-for-the-g20-to-welcome-spain-as-a-full-member/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Kintras o the European Union (EU)}} [[Category:Spain| ]] [[Category:Soothren European kintras]] pncaiz0v5uxiyth9enx4rerafy0v3gh 0 11550 924889 896426 2026-10-20T12:39:41Z Makenzis 43742 924889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club |clubname = Colchester United |image = |upright = 0.75 |alt = Colchester United FC's emblem |fullname = Colchester United Football Club |nickname = The U's |shortname = Colchester |founded = {{Start date and age|1937|3|df=yes}} |ground = [[Colchester Community Stadium]] |capacity = 10,105<ref name="capacity">{{cite web |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |title=Colchester United |work=The Football League |date=1 August 2010 |accessdate=22 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924044017/http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |archivedate=24 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |chairman = Robbie Cowling<ref name="who">{{cite web |url=https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |title=Who's Who & Contact Details |publisher=Colchester United FC |accessdate=27 June 2018 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928022006/https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |mgrtitle = Heid coach |manager = [[John McGreal]] |league = {{English football updater|ColchesU}} |season = {{English football updater|ColchesU2}} |position = {{English football updater|ColchesU3}} |website = http://www.cu-fc.com |pattern_la1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_b1 = _macronalhena19rbw |pattern_ra1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_sh1 = _anorthosis1617h |pattern_so1 = _colchester1920h |leftarm1 = 0000FF |body1 = 0000FF |rightarm1 = 0000FF |shorts1 = 0000FF |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_b2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_ra2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_sh2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_so2 = _porto0809 |leftarm2 = FFFFFF |body2 = FFFFFF |rightarm2 = FFFFFF |shorts2 = AAAAAA |socks2 = FFFFFF |pattern_la3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_b3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_ra3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_sh3 = _gfca1819a |pattern_so3 = _whitehorizontal |leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 }} '''Colchester United Football Club''' is an [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Colchester]]. The club wis formed in 1937, an briefly shared thair auld [[Layer Road]] hame wi nou defunct side [[Colchester Toun F.C.|Colchester Toun]] whae haed previously uised the grund frae [[1910 in association fitbaw|1910]]. Colchester Unitit are aiblins maist famous for beatin [[Don Revie]]'s [[Leeds Unitit A.F.C.|Leeds Unitit]] 3–2 in the 5t roond o the [[FA Cup]] in [[1970-71 in Inglis fitbaw|1971]]. Thair heichest ever league finish wis achieved in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]], whan thay endit the saison in 10t place in the Championship, abune East Anglian rivals [[Ipswich Toun F.C.|Ipswich Toun]], [[Norwich Ceety F.C.|Norwich Ceety]] an [[Soothend Unitit F.C.]] while haein the division's lawest attendance. [[Colchester Unitit L.F.C.|Colchester Unitit Ladies]] are a gey successfu pairt o the club, haein wan promotion tae the [[FA Women's Premier League Soothren Division]] in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]]. == Honours == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" * '''[[Fitbaa League 1]]''' ** Runners up 2005–2006 * '''[[Fitbaa Conference]]''' ** Champions 1991–92 * '''[[Watney Cup]]''' ** Winners 1971 * '''[[Soothren Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39 ** League Cup winners 1939–40, 1946–47 * '''[[Eastren Coonties Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39, 1956–57, 1958–59 (''Colchester Unitit Reserves'') * '''[[Essex Senior League]] Challenge Cup''' ** Winners 1974–75 (''Colchester Unitit 'A' '') * '''[[FA Trophy|Fitbaa Association Challenge Trophy]]''' ** Winners 1991–92 * '''[[Essex Senior Cup]]''' ** Winners 2009–10 |} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] {{Stub/Ingland}} {{Stub/Sport}} q8zqsdj3jaqu06d3v556a2sgdn38z6u 924915 924889 2026-10-20T21:35:45Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 924915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club |clubname = Colchester United |upright = 0.75 |alt = Colchester United FC's emblem |fullname = Colchester United Football Club |nickname = The U's |shortname = Colchester |founded = {{Start date and age|1937|3|df=yes}} |ground = [[Colchester Community Stadium]] |capacity = 10,105<ref name="capacity">{{cite web |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |title=Colchester United |work=The Football League |date=1 August 2010 |accessdate=22 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924044017/http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |archivedate=24 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |chairman = Robbie Cowling<ref name="who">{{cite web |url=https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |title=Who's Who & Contact Details |publisher=Colchester United FC |accessdate=27 June 2018 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928022006/https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |mgrtitle = Heid coach |manager = [[John McGreal]] |league = {{English football updater|ColchesU}} |season = {{English football updater|ColchesU2}} |position = {{English football updater|ColchesU3}} |website = http://www.cu-fc.com |pattern_la1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_b1 = _macronalhena19rbw |pattern_ra1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_sh1 = _anorthosis1617h |pattern_so1 = _colchester1920h |leftarm1 = 0000FF |body1 = 0000FF |rightarm1 = 0000FF |shorts1 = 0000FF |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_b2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_ra2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_sh2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_so2 = _porto0809 |leftarm2 = FFFFFF |body2 = FFFFFF |rightarm2 = FFFFFF |shorts2 = AAAAAA |socks2 = FFFFFF |pattern_la3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_b3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_ra3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_sh3 = _gfca1819a |pattern_so3 = _whitehorizontal |leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 }} '''Colchester United Football Club''' is an [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Colchester]]. The club wis formed in 1937, an briefly shared thair auld [[Layer Road]] hame wi nou defunct side [[Colchester Toun F.C.|Colchester Toun]] whae haed previously uised the grund frae [[1910 in association fitbaw|1910]]. Colchester Unitit are aiblins maist famous for beatin [[Don Revie]]'s [[Leeds Unitit A.F.C.|Leeds Unitit]] 3–2 in the 5t roond o the [[FA Cup]] in [[1970-71 in Inglis fitbaw|1971]]. Thair heichest ever league finish wis achieved in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]], whan thay endit the saison in 10t place in the Championship, abune East Anglian rivals [[Ipswich Toun F.C.|Ipswich Toun]], [[Norwich Ceety F.C.|Norwich Ceety]] an [[Soothend Unitit F.C.]] while haein the division's lawest attendance. [[Colchester Unitit L.F.C.|Colchester Unitit Ladies]] are a gey successfu pairt o the club, haein wan promotion tae the [[FA Women's Premier League Soothren Division]] in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]]. == Honours == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" * '''[[Fitbaa League 1]]''' ** Runners up 2005–2006 * '''[[Fitbaa Conference]]''' ** Champions 1991–92 * '''[[Watney Cup]]''' ** Winners 1971 * '''[[Soothren Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39 ** League Cup winners 1939–40, 1946–47 * '''[[Eastren Coonties Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39, 1956–57, 1958–59 (''Colchester Unitit Reserves'') * '''[[Essex Senior League]] Challenge Cup''' ** Winners 1974–75 (''Colchester Unitit 'A' '') * '''[[FA Trophy|Fitbaa Association Challenge Trophy]]''' ** Winners 1991–92 * '''[[Essex Senior Cup]]''' ** Winners 2009–10 |} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] {{Stub/Ingland}} {{Stub/Sport}} 02wyx3uoiptjs0aknfz2m3etblosihx 924923 924915 2026-10-20T23:42:21Z Atlantic306 30244 Revertit edit o Mr.Murdoch78, chynged back tae last version bi Makenzis 924889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club |clubname = Colchester United |image = |upright = 0.75 |alt = Colchester United FC's emblem |fullname = Colchester United Football Club |nickname = The U's |shortname = Colchester |founded = {{Start date and age|1937|3|df=yes}} |ground = [[Colchester Community Stadium]] |capacity = 10,105<ref name="capacity">{{cite web |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |title=Colchester United |work=The Football League |date=1 August 2010 |accessdate=22 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924044017/http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |archivedate=24 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |chairman = Robbie Cowling<ref name="who">{{cite web |url=https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |title=Who's Who & Contact Details |publisher=Colchester United FC |accessdate=27 June 2018 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928022006/https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |mgrtitle = Heid coach |manager = [[John McGreal]] |league = {{English football updater|ColchesU}} |season = {{English football updater|ColchesU2}} |position = {{English football updater|ColchesU3}} |website = http://www.cu-fc.com |pattern_la1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_b1 = _macronalhena19rbw |pattern_ra1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_sh1 = _anorthosis1617h |pattern_so1 = _colchester1920h |leftarm1 = 0000FF |body1 = 0000FF |rightarm1 = 0000FF |shorts1 = 0000FF |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_b2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_ra2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_sh2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_so2 = _porto0809 |leftarm2 = FFFFFF |body2 = FFFFFF |rightarm2 = FFFFFF |shorts2 = AAAAAA |socks2 = FFFFFF |pattern_la3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_b3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_ra3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_sh3 = _gfca1819a |pattern_so3 = _whitehorizontal |leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 }} '''Colchester United Football Club''' is an [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Colchester]]. The club wis formed in 1937, an briefly shared thair auld [[Layer Road]] hame wi nou defunct side [[Colchester Toun F.C.|Colchester Toun]] whae haed previously uised the grund frae [[1910 in association fitbaw|1910]]. Colchester Unitit are aiblins maist famous for beatin [[Don Revie]]'s [[Leeds Unitit A.F.C.|Leeds Unitit]] 3–2 in the 5t roond o the [[FA Cup]] in [[1970-71 in Inglis fitbaw|1971]]. Thair heichest ever league finish wis achieved in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]], whan thay endit the saison in 10t place in the Championship, abune East Anglian rivals [[Ipswich Toun F.C.|Ipswich Toun]], [[Norwich Ceety F.C.|Norwich Ceety]] an [[Soothend Unitit F.C.]] while haein the division's lawest attendance. [[Colchester Unitit L.F.C.|Colchester Unitit Ladies]] are a gey successfu pairt o the club, haein wan promotion tae the [[FA Women's Premier League Soothren Division]] in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]]. == Honours == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" * '''[[Fitbaa League 1]]''' ** Runners up 2005–2006 * '''[[Fitbaa Conference]]''' ** Champions 1991–92 * '''[[Watney Cup]]''' ** Winners 1971 * '''[[Soothren Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39 ** League Cup winners 1939–40, 1946–47 * '''[[Eastren Coonties Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39, 1956–57, 1958–59 (''Colchester Unitit Reserves'') * '''[[Essex Senior League]] Challenge Cup''' ** Winners 1974–75 (''Colchester Unitit 'A' '') * '''[[FA Trophy|Fitbaa Association Challenge Trophy]]''' ** Winners 1991–92 * '''[[Essex Senior Cup]]''' ** Winners 2009–10 |} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] {{Stub/Ingland}} {{Stub/Sport}} q8zqsdj3jaqu06d3v556a2sgdn38z6u 924924 924923 2026-10-20T23:43:14Z Atlantic306 30244 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/924923|924923]] bi [[Special:Contributions/Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[User talk:Atlantic306|Tauk]]) 924924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club |clubname = Colchester United |upright = 0.75 |alt = Colchester United FC's emblem |fullname = Colchester United Football Club |nickname = The U's |shortname = Colchester |founded = {{Start date and age|1937|3|df=yes}} |ground = [[Colchester Community Stadium]] |capacity = 10,105<ref name="capacity">{{cite web |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |title=Colchester United |work=The Football League |date=1 August 2010 |accessdate=22 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924044017/http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |archivedate=24 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |chairman = Robbie Cowling<ref name="who">{{cite web |url=https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |title=Who's Who & Contact Details |publisher=Colchester United FC |accessdate=27 June 2018 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928022006/https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |mgrtitle = Heid coach |manager = [[John McGreal]] |league = {{English football updater|ColchesU}} |season = {{English football updater|ColchesU2}} |position = {{English football updater|ColchesU3}} |website = http://www.cu-fc.com |pattern_la1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_b1 = _macronalhena19rbw |pattern_ra1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_sh1 = _anorthosis1617h |pattern_so1 = _colchester1920h |leftarm1 = 0000FF |body1 = 0000FF |rightarm1 = 0000FF |shorts1 = 0000FF |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_b2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_ra2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_sh2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_so2 = _porto0809 |leftarm2 = FFFFFF |body2 = FFFFFF |rightarm2 = FFFFFF |shorts2 = AAAAAA |socks2 = FFFFFF |pattern_la3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_b3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_ra3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_sh3 = _gfca1819a |pattern_so3 = _whitehorizontal |leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 }} '''Colchester United Football Club''' is an [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Colchester]]. The club wis formed in 1937, an briefly shared thair auld [[Layer Road]] hame wi nou defunct side [[Colchester Toun F.C.|Colchester Toun]] whae haed previously uised the grund frae [[1910 in association fitbaw|1910]]. Colchester Unitit are aiblins maist famous for beatin [[Don Revie]]'s [[Leeds Unitit A.F.C.|Leeds Unitit]] 3–2 in the 5t roond o the [[FA Cup]] in [[1970-71 in Inglis fitbaw|1971]]. Thair heichest ever league finish wis achieved in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]], whan thay endit the saison in 10t place in the Championship, abune East Anglian rivals [[Ipswich Toun F.C.|Ipswich Toun]], [[Norwich Ceety F.C.|Norwich Ceety]] an [[Soothend Unitit F.C.]] while haein the division's lawest attendance. [[Colchester Unitit L.F.C.|Colchester Unitit Ladies]] are a gey successfu pairt o the club, haein wan promotion tae the [[FA Women's Premier League Soothren Division]] in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]]. == Honours == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" * '''[[Fitbaa League 1]]''' ** Runners up 2005–2006 * '''[[Fitbaa Conference]]''' ** Champions 1991–92 * '''[[Watney Cup]]''' ** Winners 1971 * '''[[Soothren Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39 ** League Cup winners 1939–40, 1946–47 * '''[[Eastren Coonties Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39, 1956–57, 1958–59 (''Colchester Unitit Reserves'') * '''[[Essex Senior League]] Challenge Cup''' ** Winners 1974–75 (''Colchester Unitit 'A' '') * '''[[FA Trophy|Fitbaa Association Challenge Trophy]]''' ** Winners 1991–92 * '''[[Essex Senior Cup]]''' ** Winners 2009–10 |} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] {{Stub/Ingland}} {{Stub/Sport}} 02wyx3uoiptjs0aknfz2m3etblosihx 924925 924924 2026-10-20T23:45:25Z Atlantic306 30244 added references section -apologies for earlier revert due to fat fingers 924925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club |clubname = Colchester United |upright = 0.75 |alt = Colchester United FC's emblem |fullname = Colchester United Football Club |nickname = The U's |shortname = Colchester |founded = {{Start date and age|1937|3|df=yes}} |ground = [[Colchester Community Stadium]] |capacity = 10,105<ref name="capacity">{{cite web |url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |title=Colchester United |work=The Football League |date=1 August 2010 |accessdate=22 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924044017/http://www.football-league.co.uk/clubs/20100801/colchester-united_2293500_691564 |archivedate=24 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |chairman = Robbie Cowling<ref name="who">{{cite web |url=https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |title=Who's Who & Contact Details |publisher=Colchester United FC |accessdate=27 June 2018 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928022006/https://www.cu-fc.com/club/whos-who-contact-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |mgrtitle = Heid coach |manager = [[John McGreal]] |league = {{English football updater|ColchesU}} |season = {{English football updater|ColchesU2}} |position = {{English football updater|ColchesU3}} |website = http://www.cu-fc.com |pattern_la1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_b1 = _macronalhena19rbw |pattern_ra1 = _haugesund17a |pattern_sh1 = _anorthosis1617h |pattern_so1 = _colchester1920h |leftarm1 = 0000FF |body1 = 0000FF |rightarm1 = 0000FF |shorts1 = 0000FF |socks1 = FFFFFF |pattern_la2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_b2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_ra2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_sh2 = _colchester1920a |pattern_so2 = _porto0809 |leftarm2 = FFFFFF |body2 = FFFFFF |rightarm2 = FFFFFF |shorts2 = AAAAAA |socks2 = FFFFFF |pattern_la3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_b3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_ra3 = _colchester1819a |pattern_sh3 = _gfca1819a |pattern_so3 = _whitehorizontal |leftarm3 = 000000 |body3 = 000000 |rightarm3 = 000000 |shorts3 = 000000 |socks3 = 000000 }} '''Colchester United Football Club''' is an [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club based in [[Colchester]]. The club wis formed in 1937, an briefly shared thair auld [[Layer Road]] hame wi nou defunct side [[Colchester Toun F.C.|Colchester Toun]] whae haed previously uised the grund frae [[1910 in association fitbaw|1910]]. Colchester Unitit are aiblins maist famous for beatin [[Don Revie]]'s [[Leeds Unitit A.F.C.|Leeds Unitit]] 3–2 in the 5t roond o the [[FA Cup]] in [[1970-71 in Inglis fitbaw|1971]]. Thair heichest ever league finish wis achieved in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]], whan thay endit the saison in 10t place in the Championship, abune East Anglian rivals [[Ipswich Toun F.C.|Ipswich Toun]], [[Norwich Ceety F.C.|Norwich Ceety]] an [[Soothend Unitit F.C.]] while haein the division's lawest attendance. [[Colchester Unitit L.F.C.|Colchester Unitit Ladies]] are a gey successfu pairt o the club, haein wan promotion tae the [[FA Women's Premier League Soothren Division]] in [[2006-07 in Inglis fitbaw|2006–07]]. == Honours == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" * '''[[Fitbaa League 1]]''' ** Runners up 2005–2006 * '''[[Fitbaa Conference]]''' ** Champions 1991–92 * '''[[Watney Cup]]''' ** Winners 1971 * '''[[Soothren Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39 ** League Cup winners 1939–40, 1946–47 * '''[[Eastren Coonties Fitbaa League]]''' ** Champions 1938–39, 1956–57, 1958–59 (''Colchester Unitit Reserves'') * '''[[Essex Senior League]] Challenge Cup''' ** Winners 1974–75 (''Colchester Unitit 'A' '') * '''[[FA Trophy|Fitbaa Association Challenge Trophy]]''' ** Winners 1991–92 * '''[[Essex Senior Cup]]''' ** Winners 2009–10 |} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] {{Stub/Ingland}} {{Stub/Sport}} 3u7htxooh03zs98z7mhv90dyks1rrnd 0 12234 924891 914485 2026-10-20T12:50:07Z Makenzis 43742 924891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Oldham Athletic | image = | fullname = Oldham Athletic Association Football Club<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/League1/0,,10794~691853,00.html| title=Oldham Athletic| publisher=The Football League| accessdate=5 January 2009}}</ref> | nickname = The Latics | shortname = OAFC | founded = {{Start date and age|1895}}, as Pine Villa F.C. | ground = [[Boundary Park]] | capacity = 13,309 <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/StadiumInfo/0,,10337,00.html| title=About Boundary Park| publisher=Oldham Athletic AFC| date=17 September 2008| accessdate=5 January 2009| archive-date=2008-12-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220071159/http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/StadiumInfo/0,,10337,00.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> | chrtitle = Chairman | chairman = [[Simon Corney]] | mgrtitle = Manager | manager = [[Frankie Bunn]] | league = {{English football updater|OldhamAt}} | season = {{English football updater|OldhamAt2}} | position = {{English football updater|OldhamAt3}} | website = http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/ <!-- Home kit --> | pattern_la1 = _whiteborder | pattern_b1 = _collarwhite | pattern_ra1 = _whiteborder | pattern_sh1 = | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = 0000bf | body1 = 0000bf | rightarm1 = 0000bf | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | kit_alt2 = | pattern_la2 = _navyborder | pattern_b2 = _collarnavy | pattern_ra2 = _navyborder | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = 002060 | socks2 = 002060 }} '''Oldham Athletic Association Football Club''' is a [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[fitbaa|association fitbaa]] club based at [[Boundary Park]], on Furtherwood Road in [[Oldham]], [[Greater Manchester]].<ref name="ChadRoy1932">{{cite map|title=North Chadderton & SW Royton|edition=1932|publisher=Alan Godfrey Maps|cartography=[[Ordnance Survey]]|isbn=978-1-84784-157-5|section=Lancashire Sheet 97.01|date=2008}}</ref><ref name="ContactInfo" /> The club currently competes in the [[Fitbaa League Ane]], the third tier o the Inglis league.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/League1Index/0,,10794,00.html| title=League One clubs| publisher=The Football League| accessdate=2009-01-05}}</ref> It is incorporatit as '''Oldham Athletic (2004) Association Fitbaa Club Limited''',<ref name="ContactInfo">{{cite web| url=http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/Contacts/0,,10337,00.html| title=Contact Oldham Athletic| publisher=Oldham Athletic AFC| date=2009-09-28| accessdate=2009-01-05| archive-date=2008-12-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220063430/http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/Contacts/0,,10337,00.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> but is mair commonly kent as '''Oldham Athletic''' or bi its elk-name '''The Latics'''. == Honours == === League === *'''[[Fitbaa League First Division]]''' ** Runners Up: [[1914-15 in Inglis fitbaa#First Division|1914-15]] (1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Seicont Division]]''' ** Champions: [[1990–91 in Inglis fitbaa#Seicont Division|1990–91]] (1) ** Runners Up: [[1909-10 in Inglis fitbaa#Seicont Division|1909-10]] {1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Third Division]]''' ** Champions: [[1973–74 in Inglis fitbaa#Third Division|1973–74]] (1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Third Division North]]''' ** Champions: [[1952–53 in Inglis fitbaa|1952–53]] (1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Fowert Division]]''' ** Runners Up: [[1962-63 in Inglis fitbaa#Fourth Division|1962-63]] (1) *'''[[Lancashire Combination]]''' ** Champions: [[1906–07 in Inglis fitbaa|1906–07]] (1) === Cup === *'''[[FA Cup]]''' ** Semi-finalists: [[1912-13 in Inglis fitbaa|1912-13]], [[1989-90 in Inglis fitbaa|1989-90]], [[1993-94 in Inglis fitbaa|1993-94]] (3) *'''[[Fitbaa League Cup]]''' ** Runners-up: [[1990 Fitbaa League Cup Final|1990]] (1) *'''[[Lancashire Senior Cup]]''' ** Winners: [[1907–08 in Inglis fitbaa|1907–08]], [[1966–67 in Inglis fitbaa|1966–67]], [[2005–06 in English football|2005–06]] (3) *'''[[Anglo-Scots Cup]]''' ** Runners-up: [[1978-79 in Inglis fitbaa|1978-79]] (1) ==Notes== {{reflist}} [[Category:Oldham Athletic A.F.C.| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1895]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] [[Category:Premier League clubs]] [[Category:English Football League clubs]] [[Category:1895 establishments in Ingland]] [[Category:Lancashire Combination]] cs4wpslnagcm9580f41aots9negnc4b 924917 924891 2026-10-20T21:37:37Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 924917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Oldham Athletic | fullname = Oldham Athletic Association Football Club<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/League1/0,,10794~691853,00.html| title=Oldham Athletic| publisher=The Football League| accessdate=5 January 2009}}</ref> | nickname = The Latics | shortname = OAFC | founded = {{Start date and age|1895}}, as Pine Villa F.C. | ground = [[Boundary Park]] | capacity = 13,309 <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/StadiumInfo/0,,10337,00.html| title=About Boundary Park| publisher=Oldham Athletic AFC| date=17 September 2008| accessdate=5 January 2009| archive-date=2008-12-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220071159/http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/StadiumInfo/0,,10337,00.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> | chrtitle = Chairman | chairman = [[Simon Corney]] | mgrtitle = Manager | manager = [[Frankie Bunn]] | league = {{English football updater|OldhamAt}} | season = {{English football updater|OldhamAt2}} | position = {{English football updater|OldhamAt3}} | website = http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/ | pattern_la1 = _whiteborder | pattern_b1 = _collarwhite | pattern_ra1 = _whiteborder | leftarm1 = 0000bf | body1 = 0000bf | rightarm1 = 0000bf | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _navyborder | pattern_b2 = _collarnavy | pattern_ra2 = _navyborder | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = 002060 | socks2 = 002060 }} '''Oldham Athletic Association Football Club''' is a [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[fitbaa|association fitbaa]] club based at [[Boundary Park]], on Furtherwood Road in [[Oldham]], [[Greater Manchester]].<ref name="ChadRoy1932">{{cite map|title=North Chadderton & SW Royton|edition=1932|publisher=Alan Godfrey Maps|cartography=[[Ordnance Survey]]|isbn=978-1-84784-157-5|section=Lancashire Sheet 97.01|date=2008}}</ref><ref name="ContactInfo" /> The club currently competes in the [[Fitbaa League Ane]], the third tier o the Inglis league.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/League1Index/0,,10794,00.html| title=League One clubs| publisher=The Football League| accessdate=2009-01-05}}</ref> It is incorporatit as '''Oldham Athletic (2004) Association Fitbaa Club Limited''',<ref name="ContactInfo">{{cite web| url=http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/Contacts/0,,10337,00.html| title=Contact Oldham Athletic| publisher=Oldham Athletic AFC| date=2009-09-28| accessdate=2009-01-05| archive-date=2008-12-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220063430/http://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/page/Contacts/0,,10337,00.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> but is mair commonly kent as '''Oldham Athletic''' or bi its elk-name '''The Latics'''. == Honours == === League === *'''[[Fitbaa League First Division]]''' ** Runners Up: [[1914-15 in Inglis fitbaa#First Division|1914-15]] (1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Seicont Division]]''' ** Champions: [[1990–91 in Inglis fitbaa#Seicont Division|1990–91]] (1) ** Runners Up: [[1909-10 in Inglis fitbaa#Seicont Division|1909-10]] {1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Third Division]]''' ** Champions: [[1973–74 in Inglis fitbaa#Third Division|1973–74]] (1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Third Division North]]''' ** Champions: [[1952–53 in Inglis fitbaa|1952–53]] (1) *'''[[Fitbaa League Fowert Division]]''' ** Runners Up: [[1962-63 in Inglis fitbaa#Fourth Division|1962-63]] (1) *'''[[Lancashire Combination]]''' ** Champions: [[1906–07 in Inglis fitbaa|1906–07]] (1) === Cup === *'''[[FA Cup]]''' ** Semi-finalists: [[1912-13 in Inglis fitbaa|1912-13]], [[1989-90 in Inglis fitbaa|1989-90]], [[1993-94 in Inglis fitbaa|1993-94]] (3) *'''[[Fitbaa League Cup]]''' ** Runners-up: [[1990 Fitbaa League Cup Final|1990]] (1) *'''[[Lancashire Senior Cup]]''' ** Winners: [[1907–08 in Inglis fitbaa|1907–08]], [[1966–67 in Inglis fitbaa|1966–67]], [[2005–06 in English football|2005–06]] (3) *'''[[Anglo-Scots Cup]]''' ** Runners-up: [[1978-79 in Inglis fitbaa|1978-79]] (1) ==Notes== {{reflist}} [[Category:Oldham Athletic A.F.C.| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1895]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Ingland]] [[Category:Premier League clubs]] [[Category:English Football League clubs]] [[Category:1895 establishments in Ingland]] [[Category:Lancashire Combination]] chr68yvj4h2eu8bbkdxgysr1xphjl2f 0 14009 924897 874155 2026-10-20T13:56:42Z ~2026-56327-65 138994 924897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> ||official_name = Oxford |other_name = City of Oxford|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = "the Ceety o Dreamin Spires" |settlement_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] an [[non-metropolitan destrict]] |motto = "Fortis est veritas" <small>''"The truth is strong"''</small> <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Oxford Montage 2012.png |imagesize = 280px |image_caption = Frae tap left tae bottom richt: Oxford skyline panorama frae St Mary's Kirk; Radcliffe Camera; High Street frae abuin leukin east; University College; High Street bi nicht; Naitural History Museum an Pitt Rivers Museum. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_link = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = Oxford wapen.svg |blank_emblem_type = [[Coat o airms o Oxford]] |blank_emblem_size = 160px |blank_emblem_link = |image_map = Oxford UK locator map.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Shawn within [[Oxfordshire]] |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign states|Sovereign state]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Constituent kintra]] |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Ingland}} |subdivision_type2 = [[Regions o Ingland|Region]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Sooth East Ingland]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial coonty]] |subdivision_name3 = {{flag|Oxfordshire}} |subdivision_type4 = Admin HQ |subdivision_name4 = Oxford Ceety Centre <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] |leader_title = Govrening&nbsp;body |leader_name = [[Oxford Ceety Cooncil]] |leader_title1 = [[Lord Mayor]] |leader_name1 = Cllr Mohammed Abbasi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mycouncil.oxfordshire.gov.uk/%28S%2833rhih553gpijinuki3kvf55%29%29/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=124 |title=Oxford City Council |access-date=2014-12-06 |archive-date=2012-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424160420/http://mycouncil.oxfordshire.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=124 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (2014–2015) (Lab) |leader_title2 = [[Sheriff]] o Oxford |leader_name2 = Rae Humberstone (Lab) |leader_title3 = Executive Cooncil Leader |leader_name3 = Labour <br />Cllr Bob Price |leader_title4 = [[MPs electit in the Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|MPs]] |leader_name4 = [[Nicola Blackwood]] ([[Conservative Pairty (UK)|C]])<br />[[Andrew Smith (politeecian)|Andrew Smith]] ([[Labour Pairty (UK)|L]]) |established_title = Foondit |established_date = 8t century |established_title2 = Toun charter |established_date2 = |established_title3 = Ceety status |established_date3 = 1542 <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 45.59<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = {{English statistics year}} |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = {{English district population|GSS = E07000178}} ([[Leet o Inglis destricts bi population|ranked {{English district rank|GSS = E07000178}}]] o {{English district total}}) |population_density_km2 = 3270 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = 244000 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = 171,380<ref name="BUA">{{cite web | url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx|title=2011 Census - Built-up areas| work= | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] | accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_title = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_blank2_title = Ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=277086&c=oxford&d=13&e=13&g=480469&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1348430824153&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812 |title=Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages) |publisher=National Statistics |access-date=2014-12-06 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521180310/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=277086&c=oxford&d=13&e=13&g=480469&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1348430824153&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_blank2 = 72.4% [[White Breetish]]<br />6.7% [[Ither White]]<br /> 8.5% [[British Asian|South Asian]]<br />3.7% [[Black Breetish|Black]]<br />4.3% [[Breetish Cheenese|Cheenese]]<br />3.0% [[Breetish Mixed|Mixed Race]]<br />2.5% [[Ither ethnic group (Unitit Kinrick Census)|Ither]]<br /> 1.4% [[Erse Briton|White Erse]] |population_density_blank2_km2 = |population_density_blank2_sq_mi = |population_demonym = [[Oxonian]] <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |utc_offset = 0 |timezone_DST = [[British Simmer Time|BST]] |utc_offset_DST = +1 |coordinates = {{coord|51|45|7|N|1|15|28|W|region:GB|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = Postcode |postal_code = [[OX postcode aurie|OX1 • OX2 • OX3 • OX4]] |area_code = 01865 |blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]] |blank_info = GB-OXF |blank1_name = [[ONS codin seestem|ONS code]] |blank1_info = 38UC (ONS)<br />E07000178 (GSS) |blank2_name = [[Breetish naitional grid reference seestem|OS grid reference]] |blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|SP513061}} |blank3_name = [[Nomenclatur o Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3 |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |website = [http://www.oxford.gov.uk/ www.oxford.gov.uk] |footnotes = }} '''Oxford''' ({{IPA-endia|ˈɒksfəd|pronooncit}}) is a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]], an the [[coonty toun]] o [[Oxfordshire]], in [[Sooth East Ingland]]. The ceety, made prominent bi its medieval university, haes a population o juist unner 165,000, wi 151,000 livin athin the district boondary. The rivers [[River Cherwell|Cherwell]] an [[River Thames|Thames]] run through Oxford an meet sooth o the ceety centre. For a distance o some 10 mile (16&nbsp;km) alang the river, in the vicinity o Oxford, the Thames is kent as [[The Isis]]. Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example o ivery [[Architecture o the Unitit Kinrick|Breetish architectural]] period since the arrival o the [[History o Anglo-Saxon Ingland|Saxons]], includin the iconic, mid-18t century [[Radcliffe Camera]]. Oxford is kent as the "ceety o dreamin spires", a term coined bi poet [[Matthew Arnold]] in reference tae the harmonious architecture o Oxford's university buildings. The [[Varsity o Oxford]] is the auldest [[university]] in the [[Inglis-speakin warld]].<ref>{{harvnb|Sager|2005|p=36}}.</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Oxford| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in Sooth East Ingland]] [[Category:Coonty touns in Ingland]] [[Category:History o Oxford|*Oxford]] [[Category:Local authorities adjoinin the River Thames]] [[Category:Local govrenment in Oxfordshire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 8t century]] [[Category:Tourism in Oxford|*Oxford]] [[Category:Varsity touns in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Non-metropolitan districts o Oxfordshire]] [[Category:Local govrenment districts o Sooth East Ingland]] 89y988qv3wvev2t74f6uhdtfxz4scnd 924899 924897 2026-10-20T13:59:04Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/924897|924897]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56327-65|~2026-56327-65]] ([[User talk:~2026-56327-65|Tauk]])"varsity" is een o the wirds aat isna actual eesed in Scots aat still needs dealin wi 924899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> ||official_name = Oxford |other_name = City of Oxford|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = "the Ceety o Dreamin Spires" |settlement_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] an [[non-metropolitan destrict]] |motto = "Fortis est veritas" <small>''"The truth is strong"''</small> <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Oxford Montage 2012.png |imagesize = 280px |image_caption = Frae tap left tae bottom richt: Oxford skyline panorama frae St Mary's Kirk; Radcliffe Camera; High Street frae abuin leukin east; University College; High Street bi nicht; Naitural History Museum an Pitt Rivers Museum. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_link = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = Oxford wapen.svg |blank_emblem_type = [[Coat o airms o Oxford]] |blank_emblem_size = 160px |blank_emblem_link = |image_map = Oxford UK locator map.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Shawn within [[Oxfordshire]] |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign states|Sovereign state]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Unitit Kinrick}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Constituent kintra]] |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Ingland}} |subdivision_type2 = [[Regions o Ingland|Region]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Sooth East Ingland]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial coonty]] |subdivision_name3 = {{flag|Oxfordshire}} |subdivision_type4 = Admin HQ |subdivision_name4 = Oxford Ceety Centre <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] |leader_title = Govrening&nbsp;body |leader_name = [[Oxford Ceety Cooncil]] |leader_title1 = [[Lord Mayor]] |leader_name1 = Cllr Mohammed Abbasi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mycouncil.oxfordshire.gov.uk/%28S%2833rhih553gpijinuki3kvf55%29%29/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=124 |title=Oxford City Council |access-date=2014-12-06 |archive-date=2012-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424160420/http://mycouncil.oxfordshire.gov.uk/mgUserInfo.aspx?UID=124 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (2014–2015) (Lab) |leader_title2 = [[Sheriff]] o Oxford |leader_name2 = Rae Humberstone (Lab) |leader_title3 = Executive Cooncil Leader |leader_name3 = Labour <br />Cllr Bob Price |leader_title4 = [[MPs electit in the Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|MPs]] |leader_name4 = [[Nicola Blackwood]] ([[Conservative Pairty (UK)|C]])<br />[[Andrew Smith (politeecian)|Andrew Smith]] ([[Labour Pairty (UK)|L]]) |established_title = Foondit |established_date = 8t century |established_title2 = Toun charter |established_date2 = |established_title3 = Ceety status |established_date3 = 1542 <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 45.59<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = {{English statistics year}} |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = {{English district population|GSS = E07000178}} ([[Leet o Inglis destricts bi population|ranked {{English district rank|GSS = E07000178}}]] o {{English district total}}) |population_density_km2 = 3270 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = 244000 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = 171,380<ref name="BUA">{{cite web | url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx|title=2011 Census - Built-up areas| work= | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] | accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_title = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_blank2_title = Ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=277086&c=oxford&d=13&e=13&g=480469&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1348430824153&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812 |title=Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages) |publisher=National Statistics |access-date=2014-12-06 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521180310/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=277086&c=oxford&d=13&e=13&g=480469&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1348430824153&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |population_blank2 = 72.4% [[White Breetish]]<br />6.7% [[Ither White]]<br /> 8.5% [[British Asian|South Asian]]<br />3.7% [[Black Breetish|Black]]<br />4.3% [[Breetish Cheenese|Cheenese]]<br />3.0% [[Breetish Mixed|Mixed Race]]<br />2.5% [[Ither ethnic group (Unitit Kinrick Census)|Ither]]<br /> 1.4% [[Erse Briton|White Erse]] |population_density_blank2_km2 = |population_density_blank2_sq_mi = |population_demonym = [[Oxonian]] <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |utc_offset = 0 |timezone_DST = [[British Simmer Time|BST]] |utc_offset_DST = +1 |coordinates = {{coord|51|45|7|N|1|15|28|W|region:GB|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = Postcode |postal_code = [[OX postcode aurie|OX1 • OX2 • OX3 • OX4]] |area_code = 01865 |blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]] |blank_info = GB-OXF |blank1_name = [[ONS codin seestem|ONS code]] |blank1_info = 38UC (ONS)<br />E07000178 (GSS) |blank2_name = [[Breetish naitional grid reference seestem|OS grid reference]] |blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|SP513061}} |blank3_name = [[Nomenclatur o Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3 |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |website = [http://www.oxford.gov.uk/ www.oxford.gov.uk] |footnotes = }} '''Oxford''' ({{IPA-endia|ˈɒksfəd|pronooncit}}) is a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]], an the [[coonty toun]] o [[Oxfordshire]], in [[Sooth East Ingland]]. The ceety, made prominent bi its medieval university, haes a population o juist unner 165,000, wi 151,000 livin athin the district boondary. The rivers [[River Cherwell|Cherwell]] an [[River Thames|Thames]] run through Oxford an meet sooth o the ceety centre. For a distance o some 10 mile (16&nbsp;km) alang the river, in the vicinity o Oxford, the Thames is kent as [[The Isis]]. Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example o ivery [[Architecture o the Unitit Kinrick|Breetish architectural]] period since the arrival o the [[History o Anglo-Saxon Ingland|Saxons]], includin the iconic, mid-18t century [[Radcliffe Camera]]. Oxford is kent as the "ceety o dreamin spires", a term coined bi poet [[Matthew Arnold]] in reference tae the harmonious architecture o Oxford's university buildings. The [[University o Oxford]] is the auldest [[university]] in the [[Inglis-speakin warld]].<ref>{{harvnb|Sager|2005|p=36}}.</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Oxford| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in Sooth East Ingland]] [[Category:Coonty touns in Ingland]] [[Category:History o Oxford|*Oxford]] [[Category:Local authorities adjoinin the River Thames]] [[Category:Local govrenment in Oxfordshire]] [[Category:Populatit places established in the 8t century]] [[Category:Tourism in Oxford|*Oxford]] [[Category:Varsity touns in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Non-metropolitan districts o Oxfordshire]] [[Category:Local govrenment districts o Sooth East Ingland]] 43uxikw3duc20e7u56j23j7it48sdye 0 20144 924909 858431 2026-10-20T17:58:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Province TR |name=Osmaniye |map=Osmaniye in Turkey.svg |region=Mediterranean |area=3,767 |licence = 80 |total population=479,221 |tpop_as_of = 2010 |area_code= 328 |turkname=Osmaniye ili | electdistrict = Osmaniye |}} '''Osmaniye Province''' ({{lang-tr|Osmaniye iil }}) is a [[Provinces o Turkey|Turkis province]] locatit in soothren [[Turkey]]. It became a province in 1996. The province wis pairt o [[Adana Province]]. It covers an aurie o 3,767&nbsp;km² an haes a population o 479,221 (2010 est). The province is situatit in [[Çukurova]], a geographical, economical an cultural region. The caipital o the province is [[Osmaniye]] (Population:194.000). The next lairgest touns are [[Kadirli]] (Population:81.016) an [[Düziçi]] (Population:42.000). == Destricts == Osmaniye province is dividit intae 7 [[Destricts o Turkey|destricts]] (caipital destrict in '''bauld'''): * [[Bahçe]] * [[Düziçi]] * [[Hasanbeyli]] * [[Kadirli]] * '''[[Osmaniye]]''' * [[Sumbas]] * [[Toprakkale, Osmaniye|Toprakkale]] == Historical steids an ruins == * [[Karatepe]] - Aslantaş (Domuztepe-Pınarözü) - Kadirli/Düziçi == Famous fowk frae Osmaniye == * [[Yaşar Kemal]], ane o the best kent writers in [[Turkey]] * [[Devlet Bahçeli]] * [[Samet Aybaba]] == Festivals == * [[Karakucak Wrestling Festival]] - Kadirli (25-26 Mey) == Gallery == <gallery> Image:HierapolisCastabalaBasilika.jpg|Auncient ceety o Hierapolis Castabala in Osmaniye Image:Osmaniye 01.jpg|A view frae the ceety o Osmaniye </gallery> == See an aw == [[Çukurova]] == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat}} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.osmaniye.gov.tr/ Osmaniye govrenor's offeecial wabsteid] * {{tr icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20151201225216/http://www.osmaniye.bel.tr/ Osmaniye municipality's offeecial wabsteid] * {{tr icon}} [http://www.osmaniyevizyon.com/ Osmaniye Haber] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808020654/http://www.osmaniyevizyon.com/ |date=2011-08-08 }} * {{en icon}} [http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=OSMANIYE Osmaniye wather forecast information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824141105/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=OSMANIYE |date=2011-08-24 }} {{Destricts o Turkey|provname=Osmaniye|image=Osmaniye|}} {{Provinces o Turkey}} {{coord|37|13|41|N|36|12|45|E|region:TR-80_type:adm1st|display=title}} [[Category:Osmaniye Province| ]] [[Category:Mediterranean Region, Turkey]] lczt09jdlqm9uo8st15m20vdnycr1i5 0 21100 924908 858430 2026-10-20T17:58:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Ort in der Türkei | Wappen = Osmaniye Belediyesi.svg | Breitengrad = 37/04/30/N | Längengrad = 36/15/00/E | Provinz = Osmaniye | Höhe = | FlächeLk = 774 | Gliederung = | EinwohnerOrt = 189112 | EinwohnerOrtStand = 2008 | EinwohnerOrtQuelle = [http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=80&p_yil=2008&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env Türkisches Institut für Statistik], abgerufen 25. November 2009 | Postleitzahl = | Bürgermeister = Kadir Kara | BürgermeisterStand = 2009 | Partei = MHP | AnschriftStraße = | AnschriftOrt = | Webpräsenz = www.osmaniye.bel.tr | WebpräsenzKaymakam = | EinwohnerLk = 219411 | EinwohnerLkQuelle = [http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=80&p_yil=2008&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env Türkisches Institut für Statistik], abgerufen 25. November 2009 | EinwohnerLkStand = 2008 }} [[File:Osmaniye 01.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A view from Osmaniye]] '''Osmaniye''' is a sma ceety in the [[Çukurova]] region o [[Turkey]], the caipital o [[Osmaniye Province]]. Aurie 3,767&nbsp;km². Population o Osmaniye ceety: 194,339. Osmaniye Province: 471,804 (2009). Osmaniye is at an elevation o 125 meters (410.1 feet). Locatit on the eastren edge o the Çukurova plain in the fuithills o the [[Nur Muntains]], the gateway atween [[Anatolie]] an the Middle East, Osmaniye is on the [[Silk Road]], a place o strategic importance an haes been a settlement for various ceevilizations includin the [[Hittites]], [[Persie]]s an [[Auncient Roum|Romans]]. ==History== The Islamic presence in the aurie wis first established bi the [[Abbasid]] Caliph [[Harun Rashid]], auxiliaries in his airmy being the first Turks tae fecht in Anatolie. They obviously teuk a shine tae the place an follaein the [[Battle o Manzikert|Turkis victory]] ower the Byzantines at [[Malazgirt]] in 1071 waves o Turkis conquest began. The Nur Muntains wur settled bi the Ulaşlı tribe o the [[Turkmen fowk|Turkmen]]s. The Ulaşlı remained the local pouer through intae the period o the [[Ottoman Empire]] an wur even involvit in the [[Celali]] uprisins, durin a period o uncertain Ottoman rule in the 17t century. Eventually, in 1865 the Ottoman general Derviş Paşa wis chairgit wi bringin law an order tae Çukurova. He established his headquarters in the Osmaniye veelages o Dereobası, Fakıuşağı,Akyar and brocht the Ulaşlı down from the heich muntains tae the veelage o Hacıosmanlı. This eventually became the province o Osmaniye. The ceety o Osmaniye wis formally a destrict govrenorate an atween 1924 an 1933 caipital o the province. Housomeivver in 1933 the province wis abolished an Osmaniye was made the destrict govrenorate o Adana province which continued till 1996. ==Osmaniye the day== The day Osmaniye is a conservative kintra toun, the centre o a rich agricultural region well watered bi the [[Ceyhan]] river seestem an well-kent for growin peanuts. There is plenty o forest anaw an hintle o the surroondin kintraside is vera attractive. Housomeivver, the toun wis made a provincial caipital in 1996 an as such is nou receivin some investment in infrastructur, an beginnin tae feel mair like a ceety then a rural mercat toun. There is a ring road, an tawer biggins. The cuisine is typical o the region; [[kabab]], [[şalgam]] (a drink made o pickled turnips), an baklava. The local specialty is a kynd o bread/pretzel cried ''[[simit]]'' an tirşik, toğga... etc. In simmer the wather is vera hot, an maist residents o Osmaniye try tae escape either tae the nearbi Mediterranean coast or up intae the Nur muntains. The plateau o [[Zorkun]] is a popular muntain retreat in simmertime. There are an aw 2 Roman ceeties remainin, consistin o roads an antique theater, cried Hieropolis an Kastabala. The ceety is anerlie 25&nbsp;km frae the Mediterranean coast o [[Dörtyol]]. ==Climate== Osmaniye haes a [[mediterranean climate]]. Simmers are vera hot an dry while the winters are ceul an wet. {{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Osmaniye |Jan record high C= 23.7 |Feb record high C= 26.2 |Mar record high C= 32.0 |Apr record high C= 36.5 |May record high C= 41.7 |Jun record high C= 40.6 |Jul record high C= 42.8 |Aug record high C= 42.0 |Sep record high C= 41.2 |Oct record high C= 38.3 |Nov record high C= 31.0 |Dec record high C= 29.0 |Jan high C= 14.5 |Feb high C= 15.6 |Mar high C= 18.7 |Apr high C= 23.2 |May high C= 27.6 |Jun high C= 31.4 |Jul high C= 33.5 |Aug high C= 34.2 |Sep high C= 32.0 |Oct high C= 28.0 |Nov high C= 21.2 |Dec high C= 15.8 |Jan low C= 3.2 |Feb low C= 4.2 |Mar low C= 6.8 |Apr low C= 10.7 |May low C= 14.6 |Jun low C= 18.7 |Jul low C= 22.3 |Aug low C= 22.9 |Sep low C= 19.1 |Oct low C= 14.3 |Nov low C= 7.9 |Dec low C= 4.6 |Jan record low C= -8.5 |Feb record low C= -6.8 |Mar record low C= -4.0 |Apr record low C= 0.1 |May record low C= 4.6 |Jun record low C= 11.5 |Jul record low C= 15.0 |Aug record low C= 15.0 |Sep record low C= 7.8 |Oct record low C= 4.1 |Nov record low C= -4.5 |Dec record low C= -5.4 |Jan precipitation mm = 93.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 106.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 121.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 87.9 |May precipitation mm = 73.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 32.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 18.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 14.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 34.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 76.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 113.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 101.7 |Jan rain days= 8.8 |Feb rain days= 9.1 |Mar rain days= 10.3 |Apr rain days= 9.4 |May rain days= 7.1 |Jun rain days= 3.2 |Jul rain days= 2.6 |Aug rain days= 2.5 |Sep rain days= 3.9 |Oct rain days= 6.3 |Nov rain days= 7.2 |Dec rain days= 8.8 |Jan sun= 161.2 |Feb sun= 137.2 |Mar sun= 195.3 |Apr sun= 231 |May sun= 300.7 |Jun sun= 330 |Jul sun= 337.9 |Aug sun= 297.6 |Sep sun= 291 |Oct sun= 241.8 |Nov sun= 174 |Dec sun= 158.1 |source 1= Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü<ref>http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=OSMANIYE</ref> |date= April 2011 }} ==Places o interest== Antique ruins o Osmaniye; [[Karatepe]] an Aslantaş. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commonscat}} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.osmaniye.gov.tr/ Osmaniye govrenor's offeecial wabsteid] * {{tr icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20151201225216/http://www.osmaniye.bel.tr/ Osmaniye municipality's offeecial wabsteid] * {{en icon}} [http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=OSMANIYE Osmaniye weather forecast information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824141105/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=OSMANIYE |date=2011-08-24 }} {{Destricts o Turkey|provname=Osmaniye}} [[Category:Çukurova]] [[Category:Ceeties in Turkey]] [[Category:Osmaniye]] jn409yruitbw7rtor62dr6ieoxyipsu 0 33413 924913 924872 2026-10-20T21:32:00Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 924913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |Art = City |image_photo = Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich Hauptgebäude.jpg |image_caption = [[Museum Morsbroich|Morsbroich Palace]] |image_flag = Flagge Leverkusen.svg |Wappen = DEU Leverkusen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|02|N|06|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |Bundesland = North Rhine-Westphalie |Regierungsbezirk = Köln |Kreis = urban |Höhe = 60 |Fläche = 78.85 |Einwohner = 161279 |Stand = 2008-06-30 |Vorwahl = 0214, 02171 & 02173 |Kfz = LEV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05316000 |Website = https://www.leverkusen.com/uk_us/ |Bürgermeister = [[Stefan Hebbel]] |Partei = CDU |ruling_party1 = CDU |ruling_party2 = SPD |ruling_party3 = Bürgerliste }} '''Leverkusen''' ({{IPA-de|ˈleːfɐˌkuːzn̩}}) is a ceety in [[North Rhine-Westphalie]], [[Germany]] on the eastren bank o the [[Rhine]]. Tae the sooth, Leverkusen borders the ceety o [[Cologne]] an tae the north is the [[States o Germany|state]] caipital [[Düsseldorf]]. Wi aboot 161,000 indwallers, Leverkusen is ane o the state's smawer ceeties. The ceety is kent for the pharmaceutical company [[Bayer]] an its associatit sports club [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]]. ==History== Datin tae the 12t century as Wiesdorf, the Leverkusen aurie wis rural till the late 19t century. ;Chemical facility In 1860, Wiesdorf wis chosen bi the apothecary [[Carl Leverkus]] for establishin a [[dye]] factory. The factory wis taken ower bi the [[Bayer]] company in 1891. The company muivit its office tae Wiesdorf in 1912, turning the toun intae the centre o German [[chemical industry]]. In [[Warld War II]], the [[Bayer]] ([[Standard Oil]]/[[IG Farben]]) plant wis bombit on 22 August 1943, an durin the [[Battle o Berlin (air)]] on November 19/20 an December 10/11, 1943. Leverkusen wis foondit in 1930 bi mergin Wiesdorf, Schlebusch, Steinbüchel an Rheindorf. In 1975, Opladen (includin Lützenkirchen syne 1930), Hitdorf an Bergisch Neukirchen jynt. The present ceety is made up o several veelages, oreeginally cried Wiesdorf, [[Opladen]], [[Schlebusch]], Lützenkirchen, Steinbüchel, Rheindorf an Bergisch-Neukirchen. == Main sichts an places o interest == [[Image:Bayer-Hochhaus Japangarten.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Japanese Garden in front o the Bayer touer]] ;BayArena: The [[BayArena]] is the stadium an hame o Leverkusen's fitbaa team [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]]. Efter the extension the stadium nou haulds place for ower 30,210 fowk. ;Bayer Cross Leverkusen: The [[Bayer Cross Leverkusen]] is ane o the lairgest illuminatit advertisements in the warld. It haes a identifyin meanin for Leverkusen's population. ;Freudenthaler Sensenhammer: the Sensenhammer is a 'livin' industrial museum. The permanent exhibition includes manufratur o scythes an drepanium an the uise o those tuils in fermin. The museum itsel is the biggest exhibit. The museum is uised in a different wey an aw, for ensaumple for concerts or theater. * [[Museum Morsbroich|Schloss Morsbroich]] - [[moatit castle]] in the [[baroque]] style, nou a museum for contemporary airt * [[Water Tower Leverkusen-Bürrig]] - {{Convert|72.45|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} watter reservoir containin an observation deck * [[Neuland Park]] - lairge pairk beside the [[Rhine]] * [[Japanese Garden]] - A gairden creatit bi Carl Duisberg at 1923 * Colony o wirkers - historical urban destrict in the centre o Leverkusen * ''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit'' - historical Boat brig next tae the [[Rhine]] atween Wiesdorf an Rheindorf * [[Mausoleum]] o [[Carl Duisberg]] - mausoleum in the centre o the Carl Duisberg Pairk next tae the Casino * NaturGut Ophoven - educational centre for natur in Leverkusen-Opladen ==Internaitional relations== [[Image:BayArena neu 2009.jpg|thumb|left|240px|BayArena]] {{Main|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Germany}} Leverkusen is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | * {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Oulu]], [[Finland]] <small>''(syne 1968)''</small><ref name="Oulu">{{cite web |url=http://www.ouka.fi/kansainvalisyys/english/ystavyyskaupungit.html |title=Twin towns |publisher=www.ouka.fi |accessdate=2009-11-07 |archive-date=2012-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226084217/http://www.ouka.fi/kansainvalisyys/english/ystavyyskaupungit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|England}} [[Bracknell]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] <small>''(syne 1975)''</small><ref>(Bracknell Town, part of the Bracknell Forest local authority twinned with [[Opladen]] in 1973, Opladen then incorporated with Leverkusen in 1975</ref> *{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenie]] <small>''(syne 1979)''</small> *{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Nazareth Illit]], [[Israel]] <small>''(syne 1980)''</small> || *{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Chinandega]], [[Nicaragua]] <small>''(syne 1986)''</small> *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Schwedt]], [[Germany]] <small>''(syne 1989)''</small> *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Racibórz]], [[Poland]] <small>''(syne 2002)''</small> <ref name="Ratibor">{{cite web |url=http://www.leverkusen.com/ratibor/Vertrag.php |title=Twin towns |publisher=www.ratibor.de |accessdate=2012-09-20 |archive-date=2018-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326202527/http://www.leverkusen.com/ratibor/vertrag.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|France}} [[Villeneuve d'Ascq]], [[Fraunce]] <small>''(syne 2005)''</small> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Literature== * Blaschke, Stefan (1999): ''Unternehmen und Gemeinde: Das Bayerwerk im Raum Leverkusen 1891-1914'' Cologne: SH-Verlag, ISBN 3-89498-068-0 (German) * Archive o Leverkusen (2005): ''Leverkusen. Geschichte einer Stadt am Rhein.'' Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, ISBN 3-89534-575-X (German) * Franz Gruß (1987): ''Geschichte und Porträt der Stadt Leverkusen.'' Leverkusen: Verlag Anna Gruß, ISBN 3-930478-03-X (German) ==External links== {{Commonscat|Leverkusen}} * [http://www.leverkusen.com/uk_us Ceety o Leverkusen] * [http://www.leverkusen.de Ceety o Leverkusen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815101950/https://leverkusen.de/ |date=2020-08-15 }} {{de icon}} {{Ceeties in Germany}} {{Germany destricts North Rhine-Westphalie}} [[Category:Leverkusen| ]] [[Category:Populatit places on the Rhine]] fyj77gcz1qyhqfgp4zkl4x5q6toyx7a 0 38262 924930 507978 2026-10-21T04:27:07Z Prosfilaes 1520 fix template 924930 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Yemen-Adan.png|right|Map o Yemen showin 'Adan province.]] ''''Adan''' ({{lang-ar|عدن ʻAdan}}) is a [[govrenorates o Yemen|govrenorate]] o [[Yemen]], includin the ceety o its caipital [[Aden]]. At the 2004 census, it haed a population o 589,419.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Law| first = Gwillim| title = Governorates of Yemen| work = Statoids| publisher = Gwillim Law| date = 27 July 2010| url = http://www.statoids.com/uye.html| accessdate = 17 February 2011}}</ref> The auncient caipital, the port ceety o [[Crater, Yemen|Crater]], wis locatit here. 'Adan wis unner [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]] rule in the period frae 1839 til 1967. In 1967, efter years o fechtin, 'Adan an ither soothren govrenorates gained their unthirldom. The ceety o Aden subsequently became the caipital o [[South Yemen]] atween 1967 an 1990). In 1990, baith Sooth Yemen an [[North Yemen]] combined tae form the present Republic o Yemen. Aden is nou the commercial caipital o the Republic o Yemen. The archipelago o [[Socotra]] wis pairt o the Govrenorate o 'Adan, but it wis attached tae [[Hadhramaut Govrenorate]] in 2004. ==Destricts== *[[Al Buraiqeh Destrict]] *[[Al Mansura Destrict]] *[[Al Mualla Destrict]] *[[Ash Shaikh Outhman Destrict]] *[[Attawahi Destrict]] *[[Craiter Destrict]] *[[Dar Sad Destrict]] *[[Khur Maksar Destrict]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Govrenorates o Yemen}} {{coord|12|54|N|44|55|E|region:YE-AD_type:adm1st_source:dewiki|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adan Govrenorate}} [[Category:'Adan Govrenorate| ]] [[Category:Govrenorates o Yemen]] {{Yemen-geo-stub}} a9eu3y525st6m6ttexysbyrxtruwhl5 0 39616 924892 924842 2026-10-20T12:51:46Z ~2026-56327-65 138994 924892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = <small>[[The Richt Honourable]]</small> |name = The Laird Cameron o Chipping Norton |birth_name= David William Donald Cameron |caption = Cameron as Prime Meenister, 2010 |image = David Cameron official.jpg |office = [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]] |monarch = [[Elizabeth II]] |deputy = [[Nick Clegg]] (2010-2015) |1blankname = First Secretary |1namedata = [[William Hague]] (2010-15) <br> [[George Osborne]] (2015-16) |term_start = 11 Mey 2010 |term_end = 13 Julie 2016 |predecessor = [[Gordon Brown]] |successor = [[Theresa May]] |office1 = [[Leader o the Opposition (Unitit Kinrick)|Leader o the Opposition]] |monarch1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |primeminister1 = [[Tony Blair]]<br>[[Gordon Brown]] |deputy1 = [[William Hague]] |term_start1 = 6 December 2005 |term_end1 = 11 Mey 2010 |predecessor1 = [[Michael Howard]] |successor1 = [[Harriet Harman]] |office2 = [[Leaders o the Conservative Pairty|Leader o the Conservative Pairty]] |term_start2 = 6 December 2005 |term_end2 = 11 Julie 2016 |predecessor2 = [[Michael Howard]] |successor2 = [[Theresa May]] |office3 = Shaidae Secretary o State for Education an Skills |leader3 = [[Michael Howard]] |term_start3 = 6 Mey 2005 |term_end3 = 6 December 2005 |predecessor3 = [[Tim Yeo]] |successor3 = [[David Willetts]] |office4 = [[Memmer o Parliament (Unitit Kinrick)|Memmer o Parliament]] <br> for Witney |term_start4 = 7 Juin 2001 |term_end4 = 12 September 2016 |predecessor4 = [[Shaun Woodward]] |successor4 = [[Robert Courts]] |majority4 = 22,740 (39.4%) |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|10|9|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Lunnon]], Ingland, Unitit Kinrick |party = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] |spouse = [[Samantha Cameron|Samantha Sheffield]] <small>(1996–present)</small> |children = Ivan Reginald Ian <small>(Deceased)</small><br>Nancy Gwen<br>Arthur Elwen<br>Florence Rose Endellion |religion = [[Kirk o England]] ([[Anglican]]) |alma_mater = [[Brasenose College, Oxford]] |website = [http://www.davidcameronmp.com/ Pairty wabsteid] }} '''David William Donald Cameron, Baron Cameron o Chipping Norton''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|ˈ|k|æ|m|ə|r|ə|n}}; born 9 October 1966) is an umwhile [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]], [[First Laird o the Treasury]], [[Meenister for the Ceevil Service]] an [[Leaders o the Conservative Pairty|Leader]] o the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]]. He representit Witney as its [[Memmer o Parliament]] (MP).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.witneyconservatives.com/person/david-cameron-mp-witney-constituency|title=David Cameron - Witney Conservatives|date=6 May 2010|work=Witney Conservatives|publisher=Witney Conservatives|accessdate=22 December 2011|archive-date=2011-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224130836/http://www.witneyconservatives.com/person/david-cameron-mp-witney-constituency|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cameron identifies as a [[Ane-naition conservatism|Ane-Naition Conservative]], an haes been associatit wi baith [[economic leeberalism|economically leeberal]] an [[Social leeberalism|socially leeberal]] policies. <!--Early life and early political career--> Born in Lunnon tae walthy [[upper middle-cless]] parents, Cameron wis eddicatit at [[Heatherdown School]], [[Eton College]], an [[Brasenose College, Oxford]]. Frae 1988 til 1993 he wirked at the [[Conservative Research Department]], assistin the Conservative Prime Meenister [[John Major]], afore leavin politics tae wirk for [[Carlton Communications]] in 1994. Becomin ae MP in 2001, he serrt in the [[Offeecial Opposeetion Shaidae Cabinet (Unitit Kinrick)|opposition shaidae cabinet]] unner Conservative leader [[Michael Howard]], succeedin Howard in 2005. Cameron socht tae rebrand the Conservatives, embracin an increasinly socially leeberal position. The [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|2010 general election]] led tae Cameron becomin Prime Meenister as the heid o a [[Cameron–Clegg coaleetion|coaleetion govrenment]] wi the [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]] – the youngest hauder o the office sin the 1810s.<ref name=Telegraph11May2009YoungestPM>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/david-cameron/7712545/David-Cameron-becomes-youngest-Prime-Minister-in-almost-200-years.html |title=David Cameron becomes youngest Prime Minister in almost 200 years |date=11 May 2010 |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=11 May 2010 |location=London |first=Andrew |last=Hough |archive-date=2010-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513031801/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/david-cameron/7712545/David-Cameron-becomes-youngest-Prime-Minister-in-almost-200-years.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> His [[Premiership o David Cameron|premiership]] wis merked bi the ongangin effects o the [[Financial creesis o 2007–08|late-2000s financial crisis]]; this involved a muckle deficit in govrenment finances that his govrenment socht tae reduce throu [[austerity]] meisurs. His administraction introduced muckle-scale chynges tae [[Welfare state in the Unitit Kinrick|welfare]], [[Unitit Kinrick immigration law|immigration policy]], [[Eddication in Ingland|eddication]], an [[Healcare in Ingland|healcare]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-sticks-to-his-guns-on-immigration-reduction-pledge-even-while-numbers-rise-9420749.html |title=David Cameron sticks to his guns on immigration reduction pledge even while numbers rise |last=Morris |first=Nigel |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=5 July 2014 |archive-date=2017-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825233824/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-sticks-to-his-guns-on-immigration-reduction-pledge-even-while-numbers-rise-9420749.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It privatised the [[Ryal Mail]] an some ither state assets,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Preston|first=Robert|date=2013-09-27|title=Royal Mail sold today|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24295718|url-status=live|access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Martin|last2=Jones|first2=Rhonda|date=2015-06-01|title=From big society to small state: Conservatism and the privatisation of government|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2015.23|journal=Springer|volume=10|issue=2|pages=226–248|doi=10.1057/bp.2015.23|issn=1746-9198}}</ref> an legalised [[same-sex mairiage]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-03-29|title=Same-sex marriage now legal as first couples wed|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308042939/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-26793127|archive-date=2016-03-08|access-date=2026-10-19|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> <!--Later Premiership--> Internaitionally, his govrenment [[Operation Ellamy|intervened militarily]] in the [[Libian Ceevil War (2011)|Libian Ceevil War]] an later authorised the bombin o the [[Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant]]; domestically, his govrenment owersaw the [[Unitit Kinrick Alternative Vote referendum, 2011|referendum on votin reform]] an [[Scots unthirldom referendum, 2014|Scots unthirldom referendum]], baith o that confirmed Cameron's favoured ootcome. Whan the Conservatives siccared an unexpectit majority in the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2015|2015 general election]] he remaint as Prime Meenister, this time leadin a Conservative-anly govrenment. Tae fulfil a manifesto pledge, he introduced a [[Unitit Kinrick European Union membership referendum, 2016|referendum on the UK's conteenuin membership o the EU]]. Cameron supportit conteena'd membership; follaein the success o the Leave vote,<ref name=bbc36615028>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36615028|title=EU referendum: UK votes to leave in historic referendum&nbsp;– BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> he demittit for tae [[Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 2016|mak wey for a new Prime Meenister]] an wis succeedit bi [[Theresa May]].<ref name=bbc36615028/><ref name="The Guardian 2016-06-24">{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Heather |last2=Mason |first2=Rowena |last3=Syal |first3=Rajeev |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/david-cameron-resigns-after-uk-votes-to-leave-european-union |title=David Cameron resigns after UK votes to leave European Union |work=The Guardian |date=24 June 2016 |quote=PM announces resignation following victory for leave supporters after divisive referendum campaign }}</ref>. He wis made a life peer bi [[Rishi Sunak]] tae serve as Foreign Secretary, becomin Laird Cameron o Chipping Norton, he sits i the [[Hoose o Lairds]] as a Conservative. <!--Reception, legacy, and influence--> Cameron haes been praised for modrenisin the Conservative Pairty an for decreasin the Unitit Kinrick's naitional deficit. Conversely, he haes been criticised bi feegurs on baith the [[Left-wing politics|left]] an [[Richt-wing politics|richt]], an haes been accuised o political opportunism an [[elitism]]. == References == {{reflist|20em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cameron, David}} [[Category:1966 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Brasenose College, Oxford]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs]] [[Category:David Cameron|David Cameron]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Eton College]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Heatherdown Preparatory School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Lunnon]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wast Berkshire]] [[Category:Inglis Anglicans]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Honorary Fellaes o Brasenose College, Oxford]] [[Category:Leaders o the Conservative Pairty (UK)]] [[Category:Leaders o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) life peers]] [[Category:Members o the Privy Cooncil o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Inglis constituencies]] [[Category:Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:UK MPs 2001–2005]] [[Category:UK MPs 2005–2010]] [[Category:UK MPs 2010–2015]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] fwzc5v5h4c235f6m3ci87hmbvz9ien2 0 42927 924914 924876 2026-10-20T21:34:35Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 924914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Miguel Ángel Treviño Morales | image_size = 190px | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1970|11|18}} | birth_place = [[Nuevo Laredo]], [[Tamaulipas]], Mexico | other_names = ''L-40''<br>''La Mona''<br>''El Cuarenta''<br>(''40, Z-40, Zeta 40'')<br>''David Estrada-Corado''<br>''Comandante Cuarenta'' | employer = [[Los Zetas]] | known_for = [[Drog trokin]], [[murther]], [[money launderin]] | height = 5' 8" | weight = 195 lbs | predecessor = [[Heriberto Lazcano]] | successor = [[Omar Treviño Morales]] | relatives = {{Collapsible list |title = Fower members |1 = [[Alejandro Treviño Morales]]<small> (Brither)</small> |2 = [[José Treviño Morales]]<small> (Brither)</small> |3 = Juan Francisco Treviño Chávez<small> (Nephew)</small> |4 = Juan Francisco Treviño Morales<small> (Brither)</small> }} | footnotes = $30 million [[Mexican pesos|pesos]] rewaird in Mexico, an $5 million [[Unitit States dollar|USD]] in the U.S. }} {{Spainyie name|'''Treviño'''|'''Morales'''}} '''Miguel Ángel Treviño Morales''' (a.k.a. ''Z-40'') is a umwhile [[Mexican fowk|Mexican]] [[drog laird]] an tap leader o a creeminal organisation kent as [[Los Zetas]].<ref name=sanantoniocastillo/> Unlik the oreeginal foonders o Los Zetas, Treviño Morales haes nae militar experience, an insteid wirkit for a local gang as a teenager afore bein recruitit in the 1990s. Nanetheless, he is kent bi his adversaries an law enforcement offeecials for his violent reputation an as a "brutal assassin" responsible for bein ahint hintle o the [[Mexican Drog War|violence in Mexico]].<ref name=sanantoniocastillo>{{cite news|last=Castillo|first=E. Eduardo|title=Feared Mexican Zetas Leader Z-40 now top target|url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/article/Feared-Mexican-Zetas-Leader-Z-40-now-top-target-3810602.php#photo-3361078|accessdate=25 August 2012|newspaper=[[San Antonio Express-News]]|date=24 August 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AAaHCxgM?url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/article/Feared-Mexican-Zetas-Leader-Z-40-now-top-target-3810602.php#photo-3361078|archivedate=2012-08-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> Treviño Morales is an important figur in the Zetas, who actit as regional boss o [[Nuevo Laredo]], [[Tamaulipas]] an as the seicont-in-command o the organisation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Miguel Ángel Treviño Morales: Cops Hunting Down One Of Mexico's Most Ruthless Kingpins|url=http://www.amw.com/fugitives/case.cfm?id=64309|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=[[America's Most Wanted]]|date=26 March 2009|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AAP1Y5xR?url=http://www.amw.com/fugitives/case.cfm?id=64309|archivedate=2012-08-24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Over 50 alleged Zetas members arrested in Mexico|url=http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/06/13/over-50-alleged-zetas-members-arrested-in-mexico/|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=13 August 2012|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AAPG7gff?url=http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/06/13/over-50-alleged-zetas-members-arrested-in-mexico/|archivedate=2012-08-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> In early 2010, Treviño Morales began tae hae a bigger role in Los Zetas, an follaein the daith o [[Heriberto Lazcano]] in October 2012, he became the tap leader in the organisation. Los Zetas are responsible for the smugglin o multiple tons o [[cocaine]], [[Cannabis (drog)|marijuana]] an [[heroin]] intae the Unitit States frae Mexico annually.{{sfn|Bunker|2006|p=15}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Weak bilateral law enforcement presence at the U.S.-Mexico border: territorial integrity and safety issues for American citizens|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg24608/pdf/CHRG-109hhrg24608.pdf|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|accessdate=24 August 2012|pages=58|date=17 November 2005|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AAPyMhr3?url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg24608/pdf/CHRG-109hhrg24608.pdf|archivedate=2012-08-24|url-status=live}}</ref> As o 15 Julie 2013, he wis in custody efter bein captured bi the [[Mexican Marines]]. At the time o his captur, he wis on [[:en:List of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords|Mexico's maist-wantit]] leet, wi a $30 million [[MXN]] ($2.3 million [[USD]]) rewaird affered for information leadin tae his reest. The [[United States Department of State]] wis afferin up tae $5 million USD ($62.4 million MXN) for information leadin tae his reest an conviction an aw.<ref>{{cite web|title=US federal official: Top leader of Mexico’s brutal Zetas drug cartel captured|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-federal-official-leader-of-mexicos-zetas-drug-cartel-captured/2013/07/15/85376a4c-edab-11e2-bb32-725c8351a69e_story.html|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=16 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716112610/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-federal-official-leader-of-mexicos-zetas-drug-cartel-captured/2013/07/15/85376a4c-edab-11e2-bb32-725c8351a69e_story.html |archivedate=2013-07-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Soorces == * {{cite book|last=Bunker|first=R.J.|year=2006|title=Networks, Terrorism and Global Insurgency|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=0-415-38594-6}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Trevino Morales, Miguel}} [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fugitives wantit bi the Unitit States]] [[Category:Fugitives wantit bi Mexico]] [[Category:Fugitives wantit on organisit creeme chairges]] [[Category:Los Zetas]] [[Category:1970 births]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nuevo Laredo]] [[Category:Mexican drog trokers]] dhhrujhcmvt27wv3mphdy6k9gio0676 0 45674 924935 742425 2026-10-21T11:31:48Z ~2026-56238-61 139039 all is bad 924935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Paso de la Arena - Santiago Vázquez |settlement_type = ''[[Barrio]]'' |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_map = Paso de la Arena.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Street map o Paso de la Arena |image_map1 = Montevideo Paso de la Arena-Los Bulevares-Rincón del Cerro-Santiago Vázquez.png |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = Location o Paso de la Arena in Montevideo |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Uruguay}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Uruguay|Depairtment]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Montevideo Depairtment]] |subdivision_type2 = Ceety |subdivision_name2 = [[Montevideo]] |area_total_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |coordinates = {{coord|34|49|13|S|56|20|26|W|region:UY-MO|display=inline}} |elevation_m = |website = }} == didish == *[[Barrios o Montevideo]] {{Barrios o Montevideo}} [[Category:Barrios o Montevideo]] 3mfbinai4nn5mjgtv4qj7p394efw5dz 924936 924935 2026-10-21T11:52:11Z Grilledcheeseisgreat 135002 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/924935|924935]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56238-61|~2026-56238-61]] ([[User talk:~2026-56238-61|Tauk]]) 924936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Paso de la Arena - Santiago Vázquez |settlement_type = ''[[Barrio]]'' |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_map = Paso de la Arena.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Street map o Paso de la Arena |image_map1 = Montevideo Paso de la Arena-Los Bulevares-Rincón del Cerro-Santiago Vázquez.png |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = Location o Paso de la Arena in Montevideo |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Uruguay}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Uruguay|Depairtment]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Montevideo Depairtment]] |subdivision_type2 = Ceety |subdivision_name2 = [[Montevideo]] |area_total_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |coordinates = {{coord|34|49|13|S|56|20|26|W|region:UY-MO|display=inline}} |elevation_m = |website = }} '''Paso de la Arena''', kent bi the composite name '''Paso de la Arena - Los Bulevares - Rincón del Cerro - Santiago Vázquez''' an aw, is a ''[[barrio]]'' (neebourheid or destrict) o [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]. It shares borders wi [[Lezica|Lezica - Melilla]] an [[Conciliación]] tae the north an northeast, wi [[Nuevo París]] an [[La Paloma, Montevideo|La Paloma - Tomkinson]] tae the east an southeast, wi [[Casabó|Casabó - Pajas Blancas]] tae the sooth an wi the [[Río de la Plata]] tae the soothwast, wast an northwast. It is hame tae the [[Parque Lecocq]], a pairk an a zoo, an Parque Punta Espinillo, a seaside recreation aurie. On its sooth side thare are several beaches includin Playa Tortuga, Playa Malo an Playa La Colorada. ''Los Bulevares'' is an aurie north o the Ruta 1 heich-gate, while ''Rincón del Cerro'' is an extendit aurie sooth o the Ruta 1 an is anerlie pairtly includit in this composite barrio, while pairt o it is includit in the neebourin barrios [[Casabó|Casabó - Pajas Blancas]] an [[La Paloma, Montevideo|La Paloma - Tomkinson]] an aw. [[Santiago Vázquez, Montevideo|Santiago Vázquez]] is on the mooth o Santa Lucia river (Barra de Santa Lucia). It is hame tae the Athletic Club Aleman de Remo an tae the Yacht Club de Remo. Twa brigs, an aulder ane an a newer ane, join it wi the [[San José Depairtment]]. Sooth o Santiago Vázquez is the homonymous detention facility an further soothwast, at the wastmaist point o [[Montevideo Depairtment]], is the municipal Pairk o Punta Espinillo. [[File:Santiago Vasquez.png|thumb|250px|left|Street map o Santiago Vázquez]] <br clear="all" /> == See an aw == *[[Barrios o Montevideo]] {{Barrios o Montevideo}} [[Category:Barrios o Montevideo]] e8k0cq6z8jk2zovs98metwepjtiy4yl 0 50663 924910 893525 2026-10-20T18:13:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{stack begin | float=right}} {{Taxobox | name = Papaya | image = Koeh-029.jpg | image_width=235px | image_caption = Papaya tree an fruit, frae Koehler's ''Medicinal-Plants'' (1887) | regnum = [[Plantae]] | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] | unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] | ordo = [[Brassicales]] | familia = [[Caricaceae]] | genus = ''[[Carica]]'' | species = '''''C. papaya''''' | binomial = ''Carica papaya'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] }} [[File:Map of papaya output in 2005.png|right|thumb|237px|Papaya ootput in 2005, shawn as a percentage o the tap producer, [[Brazil]] (1.7 megatonnes)]] {{stack end}} The '''papaya''' {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|p|aɪ|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|p|ɑː|j|ə}} (frae [[Carib leid|Carib]] via [[Spainyie leid|Spanyie]]), '''papaw,''' or '''pawpaw''' is the [[fruit]] o the [[plant]] '''''Carica papaya''''', the sole species in the [[genus]] ''[[Carica]]'' o the plant faimily [[Caricaceae]]. It is native tae the tropics o the [[Americaes]], mibbe frae soothren [[Mexico]] an neibourin [[Central Americae]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html/|title=Papaya|year=1987}}</ref> It wis first cultivatit in Mexico several centuries afore the emergence o the [[Mesoamerica]]n classical ceevilizations. The papaya is a lairge, [[tree]]-lik [[plant]], wi a single [[Plant stem|stem]] grawin frae {{convert|5|to|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} taw, wi spirally arranged [[leaf]]s confined tae the tap o the [[trunk (botany)|trunk]]. The laicher trunk is conspicuously [[scar]]red whaur leafs an fruit wis borne. The leafs is lairge, {{convert|50|-|70|cm|in|abbr=on}} in [[diameter]], deeply [[palmate]]ly lobed, wi seiven lobes. Unuisually for sic lairge plants, the trees is [[dioecious]]. The tree is uisually unbranched, unless lopped. The [[flouer]]s is seimilar in shape tae the flouers o the ''[[Plumeria]]'', but is a fair feck smawer an [[wax]]-lik. Thay appear on the [[axil]]s o the leafs, maturin intae lairge fruit - {{convert|15|-|45|cm|in|abbr=on}} lang an {{convert|10|-|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter. The fruit is [[Ripenin|ripe]] whan it feels saft (sae saft as a ripe [[avocado]] or a bit safter) an its skin haes attained an amber tae orange hue. ''Carica papaya'' wis the first [[transgenic]] [[fruit tree]] tae hae its [[genome]] deciphered.<ref>http://canal.ugr.es/life-sciences/item/6354-scientists-decipher-fruit-tree-genome-for-the-first-time {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521105013/http://canal.ugr.es/life-sciences/item/6354-scientists-decipher-fruit-tree-genome-for-the-first-time |date=2013-05-21 }}</ref> == Common names == ''Carica papaya'' plants an thair fruits is kent bi different names aroond the Inglish-speakin warld: * North Americae an Belize: papayas * Unitit Kinrick: The fruit is uisually cried papaya but is forby kent as papaw or pawpaw <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/papaya |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-10 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521185857/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/papaya |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Africae: pawpaw or papaw <ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pawpaw Merriam-Webster Online: ''pawpaw'']</ref><ref>Delbridge, A., and J. R. L. Bernard. 1988 ''The Macquarie Concise Dictionary''. The Macquarie Library: Sydney.</ref> ==Cultivation== [[File:Carica papaya seedling macro.jpg|thumb|left|A papaya seedling.]] Oreeginally frae soothren Mexico (parteecularly [[Chiapas]] an [[Veracruz]]), [[Central Americae]], an northren [[Sooth Americae]], the papaya is nou cultivatit in maist tropical kintras. In cultivation, it graws rapidly, fruitin athin three year. It is, housomever, heichly frost-sensitive, limitin its production tae [[tropics|tropical lands]]. {{clear}} ===Pests an diseases=== {{Main|Leet o papaya diseases}} Papayas is susceptible tae the [[papaya ringspot virus]] (PRV), whilk causes prematur moltin an malformation o the leafs.<ref name="mhhe">http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/botany/botany_map/articles/article_03.html</ref> In the 1990s, the virus threatened tae wipe oot [[Hawaii]]'s papaya industry completely. The papaya is an aa susceptible tae the [[Drosophilidae|fruit flee]], a smaa, wasp-lik insect that lays its eggs in young fruit. === Cultivars === {{stack begin}} [[File:Papaya.jpg|thumb|237px|Yellae flesh papayas, wi decorative flouers]] {{stack end}} {{stack begin}} [[File:California Papaya ID.jpg|thumb|Papaya wi reid flesh]] {{stack end}} Twa kins o papayas are commonly grawn. Ane haes sweet, reid (or orangish) flesh, an the ither haes yellae flesh; in [[Australie]], thay are cried "reid papaya" an "yellae papaw", respectively.<ref name=HortAustralia>{{cite web|title=Papaya Vs Papaw|url=http://www.horticulture.com.au/news_events/news.asp?id=34|work=News (15 April 2005)|publisher=Horticulture Australia|accessdate=22 July 2011|archive-date=2012-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328014937/http://www.horticulture.com.au/news_events/news.asp?id=34|url-status=dead}}</ref> Either kynd, picked green, is cried a "green papaya." The lairge-fruitit, reid-fleshed 'Maradol', 'Sunrise', an 'Caribbean Reid' papayas aften sauld in [[Unitit States|US]] mercats are commonly grawn in [[Mexico]] an [[Belize]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sagon|first=Candy|title=Maradol Papaya|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A26970-2004Oct12.html|work=Market Watch (13 Oct 2004)|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=21 July 2011|date=13 October 2004}}</ref> In 2011 Philippine researchers reportit thay bi intergeneric hybridisation atween carica papaya an [[Vasconcellea]] quercifolia thay haed developed conventionally bred, nongenetically engineered papaya that are provin resistant tae PRV.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/48t805l7w7564288 |title=Euphytica, Volume 181, Number 2 |doi=10.1007/s10681-011-0388-z |publisher=SpringerLink |date= |accessdate=2012-06-29 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ====Genetically modified cultivars==== In response tae the PRV ootbreak in Hawaii, genetically altered papaya wis generated an brocht tae mercat (includin 'SunUp' an 'Rainbow') that hae some [[papaya ringspot virus]] (PRV) DNA incorporatit intae the DNA o the plant is resistant tae PRVs.<ref name="mhhe"/><ref>[http://www.hawaiipapaya.com/rainbow.htm Hawaiipapaya.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107073644/http://www.hawaiipapaya.com/rainbow.htm |date=2015-01-07 }}</ref> This wis sae successfu that bi 2010, 80% o Hawaiian papaya plants wis genetically modified.<ref>Ronald, Pamela and McWilliams, James (14 May 2010) [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/15/opinion/15ronald.html?_r=2&ref=opinion Genetically Engineered Distortions] The New York Times, accessed 1 October 2012</ref><ref>http://www.harc-hspa.com/publications/TF5.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331180723/http://www.harc-hspa.com/publications/TF5.pdf |date=2012-03-31 }}</ref> ==Uses== Papayas can be uised as a fuid, a cuikin aid an in [[tradeetional medicine]]. The stem an bark mey be uised in [[raip]] production. ===Meat tenderizin=== Baith green papaya fruit an the tree's [[latex]] is rich in [[papain]], a [[protease]] uised for [[tenderizin]] [[meat]] an ither proteins. Its ability tae break doun teuch meat [[feebre]]s wis uised for thoosands o years bi [[Indigenous fowks o the Americaes|indigenous]] Americans. It is nou includit as a component in powdered meat tenderizers. ===Nutrients, phytochemicals an culinary practices=== {{nutritional value | name= Papayas, raw | kJ=179 | protein=0.47 g | fat=0.26 g | carbs=10.82 g | fiber=1.7 g | sugars=7.82 g | calcium_mg=20 | iron_mg=0.25 | magnesium_mg=21 | phosphorus_mg=10 | potassium_mg=182 | sodium_mg=8 | zinc_mg=0.08 | manganese_mg=0.04 | vitC_mg=62 | thiamin_mg=0.023 | riboflavin_mg=0.027 | niacin_mg=0.357 | vitB6_mg=0.038 | pantothenic_mg=0.191 | folate_ug=38 | choline=6.1 | vitA_ug=47 | betacarotene_ug=274 | lutein_ug=89 | opt1n=[[Lycopene]] | opt1v=1828 µg | vitE_mg=0.3 | vitK_ug=2.6 | source_usda = 1 | note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09226&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry] }} Papaya fruit is a soorce o nutrients lik [[provitamin A]] [[carotenoid]]s, [[vitamin C]], [[folate]] an [[dietary feebre]]. Papaya skin, pulp an seeds contain a variety o [[phytochemical]]s, includin [[lycopene]] an [[polyphenol]]s. In preliminary research, [[danielone]], a [[phytoalexin]] foond in papaya fruit, shawed antifungal activity against ''[[Colletotrichum gloesporioides]]'', a pathogenic fungus o papaya.<ref>Danielone, a phytoalexin from papaya fruit. Echeverri F., Torres F., Quinones W., Cardona G., Archbold R., Roldan J., Brito I., Luis J.G., and LahlouU E.-H., Phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 44, no2, pp. 255-256, {{INIST|2558881}}</ref> [[File:Carica papaya 005.JPG|thumb|left|Ripe papaya fruits in tree]] The ripe fruit o the papaya is uisually eaten raw, withoot skin or [[seed]]s. The unripe green fruit can be eaten [[cuiking|cuik]]ed, uisually in [[curry|curries]], [[salad]]s, an [[stew]]s. Green papaya is uised in [[Sootheast Asie]] cuikin, baith raw an cuiked.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thaitable.com/Thai/recipes/Green_Papaya_Salad.htm |title=Green Papaya Salad Recipe - ThaiTable.com<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-05-10 |archive-date=2011-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518062355/http://www.thaitable.com/Thai/recipes/Green_Papaya_Salad.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> In [[Thai cuisine]], papaya is uised tae mak [[Thai salads]] lik ''[[som tam]]'' and [[Thai curries]] lik ''[[kaeng som]]'' whan still no fou ripe. In [[Indonesian cuisine]], the unripe green fruits an young leafs are boiled for uise as pairt o ''[[lalab]]'' salad, while the flouer buds is [[Sautéing|sautéed]] an [[Stir fryin|stir-fried]] wi chillies an green tomataes as [[Minahasa fowk#Cuisine|Minahasan]] papaya flouer vegetable dish. Papayas hae a relatively heich amoont o [[pectin]], that can be uised tae mak [[Fruit preserves|jellies]]. The smell o ripe, fresh papaya flesh can strike some fowk as unpleasant. The black seeds o the papaya are edible an hae a snell, spicy taste. Whiles, thay are groond an uised as a substitute for [[black pepper]]. In some pairts o [[Asie]], the young leafs o the papaya is [[steamin|steamed]] an etten lik [[spinach]]. In some pairts o the warld, papaya leafs are made intae tea as a treatment for [[malaria]].<ref name=Titanji>{{cite journal|author=Titanji, V.P.; Zofou, D.; Ngemenya, M.N. |year=2008 |title= The Antimalarial Potential of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria in Cameroonian Folk Medicine |journal=African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=302–321 |pmc=2816552 |pmid=20161952}}</ref> Antimalarial an anti[[Plasmodium|plasmodial]] activity haes been notit in some preparations o the plant,<ref name=Titanji/> but the mechanism is nae unnerstood an no treatment method based on thir results haes been scientifically proven.<ref name=Titanji/> ===Herbal medicine=== Papaya is mercatit in tablet form tae remedy [[digestion|digestive]] problems. Papain is an aa applee'd topically in kintras whaur it graws for the treatment o cuts, rashes, stings an burns. Papain [[ointment]] is commonly made frae fermented papaya flesh, an is applee'd as a gel-lik paste. [[Harrison Ford]] wis treatit for a [[Spinal disc herniation|ruptured disc]] incurred durin filmin o ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' bi papain injections.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QQPpRUYPdr0C&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=harrison+ford+papaya&source=web&ots=Nf46sJ5art&sig=VkDhLMszaxrakJiPiSqx_p3MEWg Entry on Harrison Ford's back treatment].</ref> ==Allergies an side effects== [[File:Fruit of papaya.jpg|thumb|right|Unripe green papayas]] Papaya is frequently uised as a hair conditioner, but shoud be uised in smaa amoonts. Papaya releases a latex fluid whan nae quite ripe, that can cause irritation an provoke allergic reaction in some fowk. The latex concentration o unripe papayas is speculate tae cause uterine contractions, whilk can lead tae a miscarriage. Papaya seed extracts in muckle doses hae a contraceptive effect on rats an monkeys, but in smaw doses haes nae effect on the unbairn ainimals. Excessive consumption o papaya can cause [[carotenemia]], the yellaein o soles an palms, that is itherwise hairmless. Housomever, a vera lairge dose wad need tae be consumed; papaya contains aboot 6% o the level o [[beta carotene]] foond in carrots (the maist common cause o carotenemia).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ |title=Search the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference |publisher=Nal.usda.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-08-18 |archive-date=2015-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery class="center"> File:Carica papaya 004.JPG|Female flouers o a papaya tree File:Carica papaya1.jpg|Male flouers o a papaya tree File:Carica papaya leaf 14 07 2012.jpg|Leaf o a papaya tree Image:MochepapayaLMC.jpg|Papaya, Moche cultur, [[Larco Museum|Larco Museum Collection]] The [[Moche (culture)|Moche]] eften depicted papayas in thair ceramics.<ref>Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. ''The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera.'' New York: [[Thames and Hudson]], 1997.</ref> </gallery> == See also == * ''[[Asimina triloba]]'', pawpaw (o North Americae) * ''[[Chaenomeles speciosa]]'', flouerin quince, which, lik ''Carica papaya'', is kent as ''mugua'' (木瓜) in [[Cheenese leid|Cheenese]] * [[Papaya salad]] * ''[[Pseudocydonia]]'', Cheenese quince, kent as ''mugua'' (木瓜) in [[Cheenese leid|Cheenese]] == References == <!-- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for instructions. --> {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons|Carica papaya}} {{wiktionary|Papaya}} {{Cuikbeuk|Papaya}} * [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html Fruits of Warm Climates: Papaya and Related Species] * [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/papaya.html California Rare Fruit Growers: Papaya Fruit Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521003913/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/papaya.html |date=2013-05-21 }} * [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Carica_papaya.html Purdue: ''Carica papaya''] * [http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-B00001-01c20W1.html Papaya Nutrition Data] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100819095124/http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/medicinal/papaya.html Treating Livestock with Medicinal Plants: '' "Beneficial or Toxic? Carica papaya" ''] {{WestAfricanPlants|Carica papaya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:papaya}} [[Category:Papaya]] [[Category:Carica Papaya]] [[Category:Flora o Mexico]] [[Category:Flora o Belize]] [[Category:Flora o Costa Rica]] [[Category:Flora o El Salvador]] [[Category:Flora o Guatemala]] [[Category:Flora o Hawaii]] [[Category:Flora o Honduras]] [[Category:Flora o Nicaragua]] [[Category:Flora o Panama]] [[Category:Flora o the Philippines]] [[Category:Flora o the Bahamas]] [[Category:Flora o Cuba]] [[Category:Flora o the Dominican Republic]] [[Category:Flora o Florida]] [[Category:Flora o Guadeloupe]] [[Category:Flora o Haiti]] [[Category:Flora o Jamaica]] [[Category:Flora o Martinique]] [[Category:Flora o Puerto Rico]] [[Category:Flora o Trinidad an Tobago]] [[Category:Flora o Brazil]] [[Category:Flora o French Guiana]] [[Category:Flora o Guyana]] [[Category:Flora o Suriname]] [[Category:Flora o Venezuela]] [[Category:Flora o Paraguay]] [[Category:Gairden plants o Central Americae]] [[Category:Gairden plants o North Americae]] [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae the Americaes]] [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Mexico]] [[Category:Medicinal plants]] [[Category:Medicinal plants o Central Americae]] [[Category:Medicinal plants o North Americae]] [[Category:Tropical agricultur]] mlwebwklv4l40u7c9p211a0t1pj4g6e 0 52604 924920 923525 2026-10-20T21:54:14Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox officeholder |nobel = yes |birth_name=Szymon Perski |name = Shimon Peres<br><small>שמעון פרס</small> |image = Shimon Peres - World Economic Forum on the Middle East 2009.jpg |office = [[Leet o Preses o Israel|9t]] [[Preses]] o [[Israel]] |primeminister = [[Ehud Olmert]]<br>[[Benjamin Netanyahu]] |term_start = 15 Julie 2007 |term_end = 24 Julie 2014 |predecessor = [[Moshe Katsav]] |successor = [[Reuven Rivlin]] |office1 = [[Prime meenister]] o [[Israel]] |president1 = [[Ezer Weizman]] |term_start1 = 4 November 1995 |term_end1 = 18 Juin 1996<br><small>[[Actin (law)|Actin]]: 4 November 1995 – 22 November 1995</small> |predecessor1 = [[Yitzhak Rabin]] |successor1 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] |president2 = [[Chaim Herzog]] |term_start2 = 13 September 1984 |term_end2 = 20 October 1986 |predecessor2 = [[Yitzhak Shamir]] |successor2 = [[Yitzhak Shamir]] |president3 = [[Ephraim Katzir]] |term_start3 = 22 Aprile 1977 |term_end3 = 21 Juin 1977<br><small>Actin</small> |predecessor3 = [[Yitzhak Rabin]] |successor3 = [[Menachem Begin]] |office4 = [[Foreign Affairs Meenister o Israel|Meenister o Foreign Affairs]] |primeminister4 = [[Ariel Sharon]] |deputy4 = [[Michael Melchior]] |term_start4 = 7 Mairch 2001 |term_end4 = 2 November 2002 |predecessor4 = [[Shlomo Ben-Ami]] |successor4 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] |primeminister5 = [[Yitzhak Rabin]] |deputy5 = [[Yossi Beilin]]<br>[[Eli Dayan]] |term_start5 = 14 Julie 1992 |term_end5 = 22 November 1995 |predecessor5 = [[David Levy (Israeli politeecian)|David Levy]] |successor5 = [[Ehud Barak]] |primeminister6 = [[Yitzhak Shamir]] |term_start6 = 20 October 1986 |term_end6 = 23 December 1988 |predecessor6 = [[Yitzhak Shamir]] |successor6 = [[Moshe Arens]] |office7 = [[Meenistry o Defense (Israel)|Meenister o Defense]] |term_start7 = 4 November 1995 |term_end7 = 18 Juin 1996 |predecessor7 = [[Yitzhak Rabin]] |successor7 = [[Yitzhak Mordechai]] |primeminister8 = [[Yitzhak Rabin]] |term_start8 = 3 Juin 1974 |term_end8 = 20 Juin 1977 |predecessor8 = [[Moshe Dayan]] |successor8 = [[Ezer Weizman]] |office9 = [[Meenistry o Finance (Israel)|Meenister o Finance]] |primeminister9 = [[Yitzhak Shamir]] |term_start9 = 22 December 1988 |term_end9 = 15 Mairch 1990 |predecessor9 = [[Moshe Nissim]] |successor9 = [[Yitzhak Shamir]] |office10 = [[Meenistry o Transport, Naitional Infrastructure an Road Safety|Meenister o Transportation]] |primeminister10 = [[Golda Meir]] |term_start10 = 1 September 1970 |term_end10 = 10 Mairch 1974 |predecessor10 = [[Ezer Weizman]] |successor10 = [[Aharon Yariv]] |birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|8|2|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Vishneva|Wiszniew]], [[Seicont Polish Republic|Poland]]<br><small>(nou [[Belarus]])</small> |death_date = [[28 September]] [[2016]] (aged 93) |death_place = |party = [[Mapai]] <small>(1959–1965)</small><br>[[Rafi (poleetical party)|Rafi]] <small>(1965–1968)</small><br>[[Israeli Labor Pairty|Labor]] <small>(1968–2005)</small><br>[[Kadima]] <small>(2005–present)</small> |otherparty = [[Alignment (poleetical pairty)|Alignment]] <small>(1965–1991)</small> |spouse = Sonya Gelman <small>(1945–2011)</small> |children = Zvia<br>Yoni<br>Chemi |religion = [[Judaism]] |signature = Shimon Peres signature - en.svg }} {{Audio|He-Shimon_Peres.ogg|'''Shimon Peres'''}} [[Knicht Grand Cross o the Order o St Michael an St George|GCMG]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120925225259/http://www.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/protocol/honours/2008-honoraries Foreign and Commonwealth Office]</ref> ({{lang-he|שמעון פרס}}, born '''Szymon Perski'''; 2 August 1923, died 28 September 2016) wis a Pols-born Israeli statesman. He wis the [[Leet o Preses o Israel|nint]] [[Preses o Israel|Preses]] o the [[Israel|State o Israel]]. Peres served twice as the [[Prime Meenister o Israel]] an ance as [[Actin Prime Meenister|Interim Prime Meenister]], an haes been a member o 12 [[Cabinet o Israel|cabinets]] in a poleetical career spannin ower 66 year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/870789.html|title=Presidency rounds off 66-year career|work=[[Haaretz]]|author=Amiram Barkat|access-date=2013-06-12|archive-date=2007-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070904214738/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/870789.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Peres wis electit tae the [[Knesset]] in November 1959 an, except for a three-month-lang hiatus in early 2006, served continuously till 2007, whan he became Preses. He held several diplomatic an militar poseetions durin an directly efter [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Israel's War o Unthirldom]]. His first heich-level govrenment poseetion wis as Deputy Director-General o Defense in 1952, an Director-General in 1953 throu 1959.<ref name=Nobel>{{Cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/peres-bio.html|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|year=1995|editor=Tore Frangsmyr|title=Shimon Peres, The Nobel Peace Prize 1994}}</ref> Durin his career, he haes represented five poleetical parties in the Knesset: [[Mapai]], [[Rafi (political pairty)|Rafi]], the [[Alignment (poleetical pairty)|Alignment]], [[Labor Pairty (Israel)|Labor]] an [[Kadima]], an haes led Alignment an Labor. Peres wan the 1994 [[Nobel Peace Prize]] thegither wi [[Yitzhak Rabin]] an [[Yasser Arafat]] for the peace talks that he participatit in as Israeli Foreign Meenister, producin the [[Oslo Accords]].<ref name=Nobel/> Peres wis nominatit in early 2007 bi [[Kadima]] tae run in that year's [[Israeli presidential election, 2007|presidential election]], an wis electit bi the [[Knesset]] tae the presidency on 13 Juin 2007 an sworn intae affice on 15 Julie 2007 for a seiven-year term.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1181570258432&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|title=Peres elected President|accessdate=13 June 2007|date=12 June 2007|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=VOA>Jim Teeple, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070715211831/http://voanews.com/english/2007-07-15-voa14.cfm "Shimon Peres Sworn In as Israel's President"], VOA News, 15 July 2007.</ref> He is the first umwhile Prime Meenister tae be electit Preses o Israel. At the age o 90, Peres wis the warld's auldest [[Leets o state leaders#10 auldest currently servin state leaders|heid o state]] at the end o his time in office, as well as the fift auldest heid o state ever unner a republican constitution (efter [[Hastings Banda]] o [[Malawi]], [[Eamon de Valera]] o [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Tôn Đức Thắng]] o [[Vietnam]] an [[Joaquin Balaguer]] o the [[Dominican Republic]]). ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.president.gov.il/English/Pages/english.aspx Offeecial Israeli Presidency wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313073850/http://www.president.gov.il/English/Pages/English.aspx |date=2013-03-13 }} *{{MKlink|id=104}} *[http://www.youtube.com/Peres Offeecial channel] on YouTube *[http://www.parsine.com/fa/news/62558 The day Peres became a Sheikh!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616073947/http://www.parsine.com/fa/news/62558 |date=2012-06-16 }}{{fa}} *[http://www.peres-center.org Peres Center for Peace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315030421/https://www.peres-center.org/ |date=2019-03-15 }} *[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9059215/Shimon-Peres Biography] at the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] *[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/peres-lecture.html Lecture] at [[NobelPrize.org]] *[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/peres.html Shimon Peres biography] at the [[Jewish Virtual Library]] *{{C-SPAN|1851}} *{{Charlie Rose view|144}} *[http://www.guardian.co.uk/profile/shimon-peres Column archive] at ''[[The Guardian]]'' *{{Haaretztopic|Shimon_Peres}} *{{JPosttopic|Shimon_Peres}} *{{NYTtopic|people/p/shimon_peres}} *{{Nndb|960/000022894}} *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4134419.stm BBC] – Sharon seals new Israel coalition *[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1131367067166&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Peres's metaphysical propensity tae lose] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130706010146/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1131367067166&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |date=2013-07-06 }} bi Matthew Wagner, published in the [[Jerusalem Post]], 10 November 2005. *[http://www.isracast.com/transcripts/291105a_trans.htm Former Labor Leader Shimon Peres Headin For Sharon's new pairty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316032623/https://www.isracast.com/transcripts/291105a_trans.htm |date=2006-03-16 }} – recordit Report frae IsraCast. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070510070640/https://uc.princeton.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=608&Itemid=11%2F Shimon Peres speaks at the Cooncil on Foreign Relations aboot the Israel/Lebanon conflict] on 31 Julie 2006 *[http://www.cornell.edu/video/viewer/peres.cfmv Shimon Peres speaks at Cornell University – "A Conversation with Shimon Peres"] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo=870789&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&title=%27Presidency%20rounds%20off%2066-year%20career%20%27&dyn_server=172.20.5.5 "Presidency rounds off 66-year career"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606182106/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo=870789&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&title=%27Presidency%20rounds%20off%2066-year%20career%20%27&dyn_server=172.20.5.5 |date=2008-06-06 }} bi Amiram Barkat, [[Haaretz]] *[http://www.un.org/ga/63/generaldebate/israel.shtml Preses Peres' address tae the 63rd session o the Unitit Naitions General Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051925/http://www.un.org/ga/63/generaldebate/israel.shtml |date=2016-03-04 }}, 24 September 2008 *[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details.php?news_id=947&year=2008 Honorary doctorate o Law frae Keeng's College Lunnon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626183218/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/news_details.php?news_id=947&year=2008 |date=2013-06-26 }} *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8Nv7L7Gl9I Interview] bi [[Leon Charney]] on The Leon Charney Report {{Israelpres}} {{IsraelPMS}} [[Category:1923 births]] [[Category:2016 daiths]] [[Category:Armenie Genocide deniers]] [[Category:Belaroushie emigrants tae Israel]] [[Category:Belaroushie Jews]] [[Category:Belaroushie Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Commander o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:Honorar Knichts Grand Cross o the Order o St Michael an St George]] [[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]] [[Category:Israeli ceevil servants]] [[Category:Israeli Jews]] [[Category:Israeli Labor Pairty politeecians]] [[Category:Israeli Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Leaders o poleetical pairties in Israel]] [[Category:Israeli fowk o Belaroushie strynd]] [[Category:Jewish politeecians]] [[Category:Kadima politeecians]] [[Category:Mapai politeecians]] [[Category:Members o the Knesset]] [[Category:Meenisters o Internal Affairs o Israel]] [[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]] [[Category:Fowk frae Tel Aviv]] [[Category:Fowk frae Valozhyn Raion]] [[Category:Pols emigrants tae Israel]] [[Category:Pols Jews]] [[Category:Pols Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Preses o Israel]] [[Category:Prime Meenisters o Israel]] [[Category:Rafi (poleetical pairty) politeecians]] [[Category:Meenisters o Defence o Israel]] [[Category:Meenisters o Foreign Affairs o Israel]] m1m64crvud83tmcen0p16vxj1f3aiem 0 53709 924895 908274 2026-10-20T13:49:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Lepidoptera | fossil_range= [[Early Jurassic]]–[[Holocene|present]], {{fossilrange|200|0}} | image = Danaus plexippus & Actias luna.jpg | image_caption = [[Monarch butterflee]] an [[luna moch]], twa widely recognised lepidopterans | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]] | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | subdivision = [[Aglossata]]<br/> [[Glossata]]<br/> [[Heterobathmiina]]<br/> [[Zeugloptera]] }} '''Lepidoptera''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|ɛ|p|ɪ-|ˈ|d|ɒ|p|t|ər|ə}} {{respell|lep-i|DOP|tər-ə}}) is a laorge [[order (biology)|order]] o [[insect]]s that includes [[moch]]s an [[butterflee]]s (baith cried '''lepidopterans'''). It is ane o the maist widespread an widely recognizable insect orders in the warld,<ref name="Resh & Carde">{{cite book |last1=Powell |first1=Jerry A. |editor2-last=Cardé |editor2-first=Ring T. |editor1-first=Vincent H. |editor1-last=Resh |editor1-link= |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wrMcPwAACAAJ |accessdate=14 November 2010 |type= |edition=2 (illustrated) |pages=557–587 |series= |volume= |date= |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |location= |isbn=978-0-12-374144-8 |page= |chapter=Lepidoptera |chapterurl= |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721153931/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=wrMcPwAACAAJ |url-status=dead }}</ref> encompassin mochs an the three superfaimilies o [[butterflee]]s, [[skipper (butterflee)|skipper butterflees]], an [[Hedylidae|moch-butterflees]]. The term wis coined bi [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] in 1735 an is derived frae [[Auncient Greek]] {{lang|el|[[wikt:λεπίδος|λεπίδος]]}} (scale) an {{lang|el|[[wikt:πτερόν|πτερόν]]}} (wing).<ref name="Etymology">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=lepidoptera |title=lepidoptera |author=Harper, Douglas |date= |work= |publisher=The Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate=8 February 2011}}</ref> Comprisin an estimatit 174,250 species,<ref name="Taxome1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/lepnos.html |title=Taxonomy of Lepidoptera: the scale of the problem |author=Mallet, Jim |date=12 June 2007 |work=The Lepidoptera Taxome Project |publisher=University College, London |accessdate=8 February 2011 |archive-date=2011-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605000548/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/lepnos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><!-- over 160,000 described species, {{rp|699}} --> in 126 [[Faimily (biology)|faimilies]]<ref name="Capinera">{{Cite book |last=Capinera |first=John L. |title=Encyclopedia of Entomology |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |year=2008 |edition=2nd |volume=4 |pages=626–672 |chapter=Butterflies and moths |isbn=9781402062421|url=http://books.google.com/?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=Butterflies%20and%20Moths%20(Lepidoptera)}}</ref> an 46 [[Taxonomic rank|superfaimilies]],<ref name="Taxome1"/> the Lepidoptera shaw mony variations o the basic body structur that hae evolved tae gain advantages in lifestyle an distribution. Recent estimates suggest that the order mey hae mair species than earlier thoucht,<ref name="Inventory">{{cite book |editor=Z.-Q. Zhang & W. A. Shear |year=2007 |title=Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy (Zootaxa:1668) |publisher=Magnolia Press |isbn=978-0-12-690647-9 |url=http://www.lepidoptera.ee/images/lingid/Zootaxa1668p699.pdf |accessdate=March 2, 2010 |author=Kristensen, Niels P.; Scoble, M. J. & Karsholt, Ole |chapter=Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity |pages=699–747 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515015416/http://www.lepidoptera.ee/images/lingid/Zootaxa1668p699.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> an is amang the fower maist [[wikt:speciose|speciose]] orders, alang wi the [[Hymenoptera]], [[flee|Diptera]], an the [[beetle|Coleoptera]].<ref name="Resh & Carde"/> Lepidopteran species are characterized bi mair nor three derived features, some o the maist apparent bein the [[scale (anatomy)|scale]]s coverin thair bodies an wings, an a [[proboscis]]. The scales are modified, flattened "hairs", an gie butterflees an mochs thair extraordinary variety o colors an patterns. Almaist aw species hae some fairm o membranous wings, except for a few that hae reduced wings or are wingless. Lik maist ither insects, butterflees an maiths are holometabolous, meanin thay unnergo [[Holometabolism|complete metamorphosis]]. Matin an the layin o eggs are carried oot bi adults, normally near or on host plants for the larvae. The [[larva]]e are commonly cried [[caterpillar]]s, an are completely different frae thair adult moch or butterflee form, havin a cylindrical body wi a well-developed heid, mandible mooth pairts, an frae 0 tae 11 (uisually 8) pairs o [[proleg]]s. As thay grow, thir larvae will chynge in appearance, goin throu a series o stages cried [[instar]]s. Ance fully matured, the larva develops intae a [[pupa]], referred tae as a [[chrysalis]] in the case o butterflies an a [[cocoon (silk)|cocoon]] in the case o mochs. A few butterflees an mony moch species spin a silk case or cocoon prior tae pupating, while ithers dae nae, instead gangin unnergrund.<ref name="Resh & Carde"/> Butterflees an moths play an important role in the naitural ecoseestem as [[pollination|pollinator]]s an as fuid in the fuid chain; conversely, thair larva are considered very problematic tae vegetation in agricultur, as thair main soorce o fuid is eften live plant matter. In mony species, the female mey produce onywhaur frae 200 tae 600 eggs, while in ithers the nummer mey gang as heich as 30,000 eggs in ane day. The caterpillars hatchin frae thir eggs can cause damage tae lairge quantities o crops. Mony moch an butterflee species are o economic interest bi virtue o thair role as pollinators, the [[silk]] thay produce or as [[pest (organism)|pest]] species. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{eol|23}} * [http://www.lepidoptera.pl/ European Butterflees an Mochs] bi Christopher Jonko * [http://www.motylpodlaski.pl/ Polish Butterflees an Mochs] bi motylpodlaski.pl * [http://gil-t.comze.com/indgalb.htm Photos Butterflees o the Iberian Peninsula. Butterflees o Spain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927143104/http://gil-t.comze.com/indgalb.htm |date=2013-09-27 }} * [http://www.lepidoptera.no/ Norwegian Butterflees an Mochs] (Huge picture archive) * [http://www.leps.it/ Mochs an Butterflees o Europe an North Africae] * [http://gil-t.comze.com/indgalm.htm Photos Butterflees o Andalusia an Canary islands (Spain)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929044745/http://gil-t.comze.com/indgalm.htm |date=2013-09-29 }} * [http://www.ukmoths.force9.co uk/ Breetish Butterflees an Mochs]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://lepidoptera.pro/ Lepidoptera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831043312/http://lepidoptera.pro/ |date=2015-08-31 }} Lepidoptera.pro * [http://www.butterfliesofbulgaria.com/ Butterflees o Bulgarie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405225314/http://www.butterfliesofbulgaria.com/ |date=2008-04-05 }} * [http://home.hccnet.nl/bernard.fransen/0testsite/0testsite/ Photography o European Butterflees an Mochs] * [http://www.leps.nl/ Butterflies and Mochs in the Netherlands] * [http://www.lepidoptera.se/en/ Swadish Mochs an Butterflees Lepidoptera.se] * [http://gil-t.comze.com/indgalo.htm Photos o Larvae an Pupae butterflees an mochs. Spain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728150726/http://gil-t.comze.com/indgalo.htm |date=2013-07-28 }} * [http://www.imagenesdeasturias.com/web/panoramicas_graonet/mariposas_de_asturias/index_mariposas.htm Butterflees o Asturias – Spain] * [http://www.inra.fr/internet/Produits/PAPILLON/index.htm Lepidoptera o French Antilles] * [http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/korgor/index.htm Butterflees o Asian Roushie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831024957/http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/korgor/index.htm |date=2007-08-31 }} * [http://yutaka.it-n.jp/papi.html Butterflees frae Indo China] * [http://www.leptr.org/ Butterflees o Turkey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413154937/http://leptr.org/ |date=2012-04-13 }} * [http://www.mbarnes.force9.co uk/jamaicamoths/jamaicahome.htm Mochs o Jamaica]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/kunkel/Moths/ Historic Moch illustrations] * {{ITIS |id=117232 |taxon=Lepidoptera}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121115112054/http://exhibits.mannlib.cornell.edu/franclemont/ Caucht Atween the Pages: Treasurs frae the Franclemont Collection] Online virtual exhibit featurin a selection o historic entomological writins an images frae the Comstock Library o Entomology at Cornell Varsity * [http://www.jpmoth.org/ Japmoth] Japanese mochs. Access images via the nummers on the left. * [http://www.entomologische-literatur.de/startseite.html Literaturatenbank] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627225755/http://www.entomologische-literatur.de/startseite.html |date=2012-06-27 }} Free dounloads *Gerardo Lamas, 1990 An Annotatit Leet o Lepidopterological Journals ''Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera'' 29(1-2):92-104 [http://lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org/journals/29/PDF29/29-092.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827214204/http://lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org/journals/29/PDF29/29-092.pdf |date=2016-08-27 }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q28319}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Lepidoptera| ]] [[Category:Extant Early Jurassic first appearances]] [[Category:Insect orders]] [[Category:Pliensbachian first appearances]] [[Category:Pollinator insects]] [[Category:Taxa named bi Carl Linnaeus]] [[Category:Insects in cultur]] ocww8ltgowb2vkga3gqk9okhgetnlu8 0 65242 924898 887010 2026-10-20T13:58:58Z ~2026-56327-65 138994 924898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Oxford |latin_name = Universitas Oxoniensis |image_name = Oxford-University-Circlet.svg<!--Official university crests belong here. If you doubt it, look at Cambridge, Yale, Harvard, etc. The "logo" used more often belongs on the bottom, hence the "Logo" label.--> |image_size = 200px |caption = Varsity o Oxford [[seal (emblem)|seal]] |motto = ''Dominus Illuminatio Mea'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = The Lord is ma Licht |established = Unkent, teachin existit syne {{start date and age|df=yes|1096}}<ref name="OxHist">{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/introducing_oxford/a_brief_history_of_the_university/index.html |title=A Brief History of the University |publisher=University of Oxford |accessdate=30 October 2007 |archive-date=2008-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411014607/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/introducing_oxford/a_brief_history_of_the_university/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |endowment = [[£]]3.772&nbsp;billion (inc. colleges)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/document.rm?id=2741 |title=Oxford University Financial Statements 2012 |accessdate=22 March 2013 |archive-date=2013-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425111932/http://www.ox.ac.uk/document.rm?id=2741 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1112/aggregated.pdf |title=Oxford University Colleges Financial Statements 2012 |accessdate=22 March 2013}}</ref> |chancellor = The Rt. Hon. [[William Hague|Laird Hague o' Richmond]] |vice_chancellor = [[Irene Tracey]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/university-officers/vice-chancellor|title=Professor Irene Tracey, CBE, FMedSci|access-date=18 October 2023|archive-date=19 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119083222/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/university-officers/vice-chancellor|url-status=live}}</ref> |city = [[Oxford]] |country = Ingland, U.K. | students = 23,195 (2016)<ref name="Student Numbers">{{cite web|title=Student Numbers|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/facts-and-figures/student-numbers?wssl=1|website=University of Oxford|publisher=University of Oxford|accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> | undergrad = 11,728 (2016)<ref name="Student Numbers"/> | postgrad = 10,941 (2016)<ref name="Student Numbers"/> | other = 500<ref name="Gazette_Stats">{{cite journal |title=Supplement (1) to No. 5049 – Student Numbers 2013 |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwoxacuk/localsites/gazette/documents/supplements2013-14/Student_Numbers_2013_-_%281%29_to_No_5049.pdf |format=PDF |journal=[[Oxford University Gazette]] |location=Oxford |publisher=University of Oxford |date=12 February 2013 |accessdate=21 July 2014 |archive-date=2014-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115212/http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwoxacuk/localsites/gazette/documents/supplements2013-14/Student_Numbers_2013_-_(1)_to_No_5049.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><!-- Visiting and Recognised students (VRO)--> |colours ={{colour box|#002147}} Oxford Blue<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/branding_toolkit/the_brand_colours/ |title=The brand colour – Oxford blue |publisher=Ox.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-08-16 |archive-date=2013-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524062108/http://www.ox.ac.uk/branding_toolkit/the_brand_colours/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |affiliations = [[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]]<br />[[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[Europaeum]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]] |website = [http://ox.ac.uk/ ox.ac.uk] |logo = }} The '''Varsity o Oxford''' (informally referred tae as '''Oxford Varsity''' or simply '''Oxford''') is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] locatit in [[Oxford]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Oxford|Varsity o Oxford}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oxford, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Oxford| ]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 11t century]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] [[Category:Organisations based in Oxford wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Oxford]] [[Category:11t-century establishments in Europe]] 44lrjn8p1qfybjj4pc6lynbgv04hix0 0 65248 924896 887758 2026-10-20T13:56:01Z ~2026-56327-65 138994 924896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Cambridge |latin_name = Universitas Cantabrigiensis |image_name =University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg |image_size = 160px |caption = [[Coat o airms o the Varsity o Cambridge]] |motto = ''Hinc lucem et pocula sacra'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = '''''Literal:''''' Frae here, licht an sacred draughts<br />'''''Non-literal:''''' Frae this place, we gain enlichtenment an precious knawledge |established = c. 1209 |demonym = Cantabrigian | faculty = 6,645<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2014.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2014|title=Facts and Figures January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University|format=PDF}}</ref> | staff = 3,178<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014" /> |chancellor = [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury o Turville|The Laird Sainsbury o Turville]] |vice_chancellor = [[Deborah Prentice]] |city = [[Cambridge]] |country = [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] | campus = Urban<br />{{Convert|366444|m2|ha}} (excl. colleges)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2013.pdf|title=University of Cambridge—Facts and Figures January 2013}}</ref> | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation">{{HESA citation}}</ref> | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> |endowment = £6.3&nbsp;billion (2014, Varsity endowment: £2.291 billion, Colleges endowment: £3.6 billion)<ref name="Cambridge Endowment">{{cite news|last=Staley|first=Oliver|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2014-15/weekly/6373/section1.shtml#heading2-6|title=Accounts of colleges|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> |colours = {{color box|#A3C1AD}} [[Blue (university sport)#History 2|Cambridge Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/communications/services/identityguidelines/guidelines-colour.pdf|title=Identity Guidelines – Colour|publisher=University of Cambridge Office of External Affairs and Communications|accessdate=28 March 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |type = [[public varsity|Public]], (The colleges are private institutions) |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]]<br />[[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]] |website = http://www.cam.ac.uk/ |logo = }} The '''Varsity o Cambridge''' (informally kent as "'''Cambridge Varsity'''" or simply as "'''Cambridge'''") is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] in [[Cambridge]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis foundit i 1209 whan several scholars flit [[Oxford]] after a feud wi the local townsfolk. It consists o 31 self-governin colleges, many o which gae back tae medieval times. Cambridge Varsity is considerit ane o the mickle varsities i the world, wi graduates such as Sir [[Isaac Newton]], [[Laird Byron]] an King [[Charles III]].{{wide image|Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Front Court o' [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], foundit i 1441 bi King [[Henry VI o England]]}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Cambridge|Varsity o Cambridge}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Cambridge| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13t century]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Cambridge]] [[Category:Cultur in Cambridge]] [[Category:History o Cambridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:1209 establishments]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] 2n54eir41advvg3uyd29nnaa7lgas8v 924903 924896 2026-10-20T15:31:43Z ~2026-56327-65 138994 924903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Cambridge |latin_name = Universitas Cantabrigiensis |image_name =University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg |image_size = 160px |caption = [[Coat o airms o the Varsity o Cambridge]] |motto = ''Hinc lucem et pocula sacra'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = '''''Literal:''''' Frae here, licht an sacred draughts<br />'''''Non-literal:''''' Frae this place, we gain enlichtenment an precious knawledge |established = c. 1209 |demonym = Cantabrigian | faculty = 6,645<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2014.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2014|title=Facts and Figures January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University|format=PDF}}</ref> | staff = 3,178<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014" /> |chancellor = [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury o Turville|The Laird Sainsbury o Turville]] |vice_chancellor = [[Deborah Prentice]] |city = [[Cambridge]] |country = [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] | campus = Urban<br />{{Convert|366444|m2|ha}} (excl. colleges)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2013.pdf|title=University of Cambridge—Facts and Figures January 2013}}</ref> | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation">{{HESA citation}}</ref> | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> |endowment = £6.3&nbsp;billion (2014, Varsity endowment: £2.291 billion, Colleges endowment: £3.6 billion)<ref name="Cambridge Endowment">{{cite news|last=Staley|first=Oliver|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2014-15/weekly/6373/section1.shtml#heading2-6|title=Accounts of colleges|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> |colours = {{color box|#A3C1AD}} [[Blue (university sport)#History 2|Cambridge Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/communications/services/identityguidelines/guidelines-colour.pdf|title=Identity Guidelines – Colour|publisher=University of Cambridge Office of External Affairs and Communications|accessdate=28 March 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |type = [[public varsity|Public]], (The colleges are private institutions) |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]]<br />[[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]] |website = http://www.cam.ac.uk/ |logo = }} The '''Varsity o Cambridge''' (informally kent as "'''Cambridge Varsity'''" or simply as "'''Cambridge'''") is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] in [[Cambridge]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis foundit i 1209 whan several scholars flit [[Oxford]] after a feud wi the local townsfolk. It consists o 31 self-governin colleges, many o which gae back tae medieval times. Cambridge Varsity is considerit ane o the mickle varsities i the world, wi graduates such as Sir [[Isaac Newton]], [[Laird Byron]] an King [[Charles III]], as well as current prime meenister o the Unitit Kinrick [[Andy Burnham]]. {{wide image|Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Front Court o' [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], foundit i 1441 bi King [[Henry VI o England]]}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Cambridge|Varsity o Cambridge}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Cambridge| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13t century]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Cambridge]] [[Category:Cultur in Cambridge]] [[Category:History o Cambridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:1209 establishments]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] jf45r37r7jppplgf7718cvss00i2abn 924904 924903 2026-10-20T15:33:31Z ~2026-56327-65 138994 924904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Cambridge |latin_name = Universitas Cantabrigiensis |image_name =University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg |image_size = 160px |caption = [[Coat o airms o the Varsity o Cambridge]] |motto = ''Hinc lucem et pocula sacra'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = '''''Literal:''''' Frae here, licht an sacred draughts<br />'''''Non-literal:''''' Frae this place, we gain enlichtenment an precious knawledge |established = c. 1209 |demonym = Cantabrigian | faculty = 6,645<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2014.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2014|title=Facts and Figures January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University|format=PDF}}</ref> | staff = 3,178<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014" /> |chancellor = [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury o Turville|The Laird Sainsbury o Turville]] |vice_chancellor = [[Deborah Prentice]] |city = [[Cambridge]] |country = [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] | campus = Urban<br />{{Convert|366444|m2|ha}} (excl. colleges)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2013.pdf|title=University of Cambridge—Facts and Figures January 2013}}</ref> | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation">{{HESA citation}}</ref> | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> |endowment = £6.3&nbsp;billion (2014, Varsity endowment: £2.291 billion, Colleges endowment: £3.6 billion)<ref name="Cambridge Endowment">{{cite news|last=Staley|first=Oliver|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2014-15/weekly/6373/section1.shtml#heading2-6|title=Accounts of colleges|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> |colours = {{color box|#A3C1AD}} [[Blue (university sport)#History 2|Cambridge Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/communications/services/identityguidelines/guidelines-colour.pdf|title=Identity Guidelines – Colour|publisher=University of Cambridge Office of External Affairs and Communications|accessdate=28 March 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |type = [[public varsity|Public]], (The colleges are private institutions) |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]]<br />[[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]] |website = http://www.cam.ac.uk/ |logo = }} The '''Varsity o Cambridge''' (informally kent as "'''Cambridge Varsity'''" or simply as "'''Cambridge'''") is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] in [[Cambridge]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis foundit i 1209 whan several scholars flit [[Oxford]] after a feud wi the local townsfolk. It consists o 31 self-governin colleges, many o which gae back tae medieval times. Cambridge Varsity is considerit ane o the mickle varsities i the world, wi graduates such as Sir [[Isaac Newton]], [[Laird Byron]] an King [[Charles III]], as well as current prime meenister o the Unitit Kinrick [[Andy Burnham]]. Undergraduate teachin at Cambridge is centred on weekly wee-group supervisions in the colleges, wi lectures, seminars, laboratory wark, an whiles further supervision gien by the central varsity faculties an departments. The varsity rins aicht cultural an scientific museums, includin the Fitzwilliam Museum an Cambridge Varsity Botanic Garden. Cambridge's 116 libraries haud a total o approximately 16 million buikies, aboot 9 million o which are in Cambridge Varsity Library, a legal deposit library an ane o the warld's lairgest academic libraries. Cambridge is an aw weel kent for its annual boat race against the [[Varsity o Oxford]], a lang-staundin sporting rivalry that draws muckle attention, an for debatin at the Cambridge Union Society, ane o the auldest student debatin societies in the warld, whaur students debate politics, society, an the muckle questions o the day. {{wide image|Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Front Court o' [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], foundit i 1441 bi King [[Henry VI o England]]}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Cambridge|Varsity o Cambridge}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Cambridge| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13t century]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Cambridge]] [[Category:Cultur in Cambridge]] [[Category:History o Cambridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:1209 establishments]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] luocgwgrxhhu8ly5p6fzwp1i622b2rt 924905 924904 2026-10-20T15:52:31Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/924904|924904]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56327-65|~2026-56327-65]] ([[User talk:~2026-56327-65|Tauk]])Promotional crap an bad graimmar 924905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Cambridge |latin_name = Universitas Cantabrigiensis |image_name =University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg |image_size = 160px |caption = [[Coat o airms o the Varsity o Cambridge]] |motto = ''Hinc lucem et pocula sacra'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = '''''Literal:''''' Frae here, licht an sacred draughts<br />'''''Non-literal:''''' Frae this place, we gain enlichtenment an precious knawledge |established = c. 1209 |demonym = Cantabrigian | faculty = 6,645<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2014.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2014|title=Facts and Figures January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University|format=PDF}}</ref> | staff = 3,178<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014" /> |chancellor = [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury o Turville|The Laird Sainsbury o Turville]] |vice_chancellor = [[Deborah Prentice]] |city = [[Cambridge]] |country = [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] | campus = Urban<br />{{Convert|366444|m2|ha}} (excl. colleges)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2013.pdf|title=University of Cambridge—Facts and Figures January 2013}}</ref> | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation">{{HESA citation}}</ref> | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> |endowment = £6.3&nbsp;billion (2014, Varsity endowment: £2.291 billion, Colleges endowment: £3.6 billion)<ref name="Cambridge Endowment">{{cite news|last=Staley|first=Oliver|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2014-15/weekly/6373/section1.shtml#heading2-6|title=Accounts of colleges|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> |colours = {{color box|#A3C1AD}} [[Blue (university sport)#History 2|Cambridge Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/communications/services/identityguidelines/guidelines-colour.pdf|title=Identity Guidelines – Colour|publisher=University of Cambridge Office of External Affairs and Communications|accessdate=28 March 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |type = [[public varsity|Public]], (The colleges are private institutions) |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]]<br />[[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]] |website = http://www.cam.ac.uk/ |logo = }} The '''Varsity o Cambridge''' (informally kent as "'''Cambridge Varsity'''" or simply as "'''Cambridge'''") is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] in [[Cambridge]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis foundit i 1209 whan several scholars flit [[Oxford]] after a feud wi the local townsfolk. It consists o 31 self-governin colleges, many o which gae back tae medieval times. Cambridge Varsity is considerit ane o the mickle varsities i the world, wi graduates such as Sir [[Isaac Newton]], [[Laird Byron]] an King [[Charles III]], as well as current prime meenister o the Unitit Kinrick [[Andy Burnham]]. {{wide image|Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Front Court o' [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], foundit i 1441 bi King [[Henry VI o England]]}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Cambridge|Varsity o Cambridge}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Cambridge| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13t century]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Cambridge]] [[Category:Cultur in Cambridge]] [[Category:History o Cambridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:1209 establishments]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] jf45r37r7jppplgf7718cvss00i2abn 924918 924905 2026-10-20T21:38:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 924918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Cambridge |latin_name = Universitas Cantabrigiensis |image_name =University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg |image_size = 160px |caption = [[Coat o airms o the Varsity o Cambridge]] |motto = ''Hinc lucem et pocula sacra'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = '''''Literal:''''' Frae here, licht an sacred draughts<br />'''''Non-literal:''''' Frae this place, we gain enlichtenment an precious knawledge |established = c. 1209 |demonym = Cantabrigian | faculty = 6,645<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2014.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2014|title=Facts and Figures January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University|format=PDF}}</ref> | staff = 3,178<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014" /> |chancellor = [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury o Turville|The Laird Sainsbury o Turville]] |vice_chancellor = [[Deborah Prentice]] |city = [[Cambridge]] |country = [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] | campus = Urban<br />{{Convert|366444|m2|ha}} (excl. colleges)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2013.pdf|title=University of Cambridge—Facts and Figures January 2013}}</ref> | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation">{{HESA citation}}</ref> | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> |endowment = £6.3&nbsp;billion (2014, Varsity endowment: £2.291 billion, Colleges endowment: £3.6 billion)<ref name="Cambridge Endowment">{{cite news|last=Staley|first=Oliver|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2014-15/weekly/6373/section1.shtml#heading2-6|title=Accounts of colleges|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> |colours = {{color box|#A3C1AD}} [[Blue (university sport)#History 2|Cambridge Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/communications/services/identityguidelines/guidelines-colour.pdf|title=Identity Guidelines – Colour|publisher=University of Cambridge Office of External Affairs and Communications|accessdate=28 March 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |type = [[public varsity|Public]], (The colleges are private institutions) |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]]<br />[[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]] |website = http://www.cam.ac.uk/ }} The '''Varsity o Cambridge''' (informally kent as "'''Cambridge Varsity'''" or simply as "'''Cambridge'''") is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] in [[Cambridge]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis foundit i 1209 whan several scholars flit [[Oxford]] after a feud wi the local townsfolk. It consists o 31 self-governin colleges, many o which gae back tae medieval times. Cambridge Varsity is considerit ane o the mickle varsities i the world, wi graduates such as Sir [[Isaac Newton]], [[Laird Byron]] an King [[Charles III]], as well as current prime meenister o the Unitit Kinrick [[Andy Burnham]]. {{wide image|Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Front Court o' [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], foundit i 1441 bi King [[Henry VI o England]]}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Cambridge|Varsity o Cambridge}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Cambridge| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13t century]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Cambridge]] [[Category:Cultur in Cambridge]] [[Category:History o Cambridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:1209 establishments]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] 4807hmu1auacbm4ku1if0bnk4fahbcj 924919 924918 2026-10-20T21:41:30Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 924919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Cambridge |latin_name = Universitas Cantabrigiensis |image_name =University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg |image_size = 160px |caption = [[Coat o airms o the Varsity o Cambridge]] |motto = ''Hinc lucem et pocula sacra'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = '''''Literal:''''' Frae here, licht an sacred draughts<br />'''''Non-literal:''''' Frae this place, we gain enlichtenment an precious knawledge |established = c. 1209 |demonym = Cantabrigian | faculty = 6,645<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2014.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2014|title=Facts and Figures January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University|format=PDF}}</ref> | staff = 3,178<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014" /> |chancellor = [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury o Turville|The Laird Sainsbury o Turville]] |vice_chancellor = [[Deborah Prentice]] |city = [[Cambridge]] |country = [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] | campus = Urban<br />{{Convert|366444|m2|ha}} (excl. colleges)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2013.pdf|title=University of Cambridge—Facts and Figures January 2013}}</ref> | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation">{{HESA citation}}</ref> | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> |endowment = £6.3&nbsp;billion (2014, Varsity endowment: £2.291 billion, Colleges endowment: £3.6 billion)<ref name="Cambridge Endowment">{{cite news|last=Staley|first=Oliver|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2014-15/weekly/6373/section1.shtml#heading2-6|title=Accounts of colleges|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> |colours = {{color box|#A3C1AD}} [[Blue (university sport)#History 2|Cambridge Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/communications/services/identityguidelines/guidelines-colour.pdf|title=Identity Guidelines – Colour|publisher=University of Cambridge Office of External Affairs and Communications|accessdate=28 March 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |type = [[public varsity|Public]], (The colleges are private institutions) |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]]<br />[[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]] |website = http://www.cam.ac.uk/ }} The '''Varsity o Cambridge''' (forby kent as "'''Cambridge Varsity'''" or semply as "'''Cambridge'''") is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity|resairch varsity]] in [[Cambridge]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis foondit i 1209 whan seevral scholars flit [[Oxford]] efter a feud wi the local tounsfowk. It consists o 31 sel-govrenin colleges, mony o that gae back tae medieval times. Cambridge Varsity is considered ane o the muckle varsities in the warld, wi graduates sic as Sir [[Isaac Newton]], [[Laird Byron]] an Keeng [[Charles III]], as weel as current prime meenister o the Unitit Kinrick [[Andy Burnham]]. {{wide image|Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Front Court o' [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], foundit i 1441 bi King [[Henry VI o England]]}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Cambridge|Varsity o Cambridge}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Cambridge| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13t century]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Cambridge]] [[Category:Cultur in Cambridge]] [[Category:History o Cambridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:1209 establishments]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] fnwmuxynhs7zhspxvmrou0v9p580jel 924931 924919 2026-10-21T04:56:51Z CiphriusKane 74958 924931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox varsity |name = Varsity o Cambridge |latin_name = Universitas Cantabrigiensis |image_name =University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg |image_size = 160px |caption = [[Coat o airms o the Varsity o Cambridge]] |motto = ''Hinc lucem et pocula sacra'' ([[Laitin]]) |mottoeng = '''''Literal:''''' Frae here, licht an sacred draughts<br />'''''Non-literal:''''' Frae this place, we gain enlichtenment an precious knawledge |established = c. 1209 |demonym = Cantabrigian | faculty = 6,645<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2014.pdf|accessdate=12 December 2014|title=Facts and Figures January 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University|format=PDF}}</ref> | staff = 3,178<ref name="Facts and Figures January 2014" /> |chancellor = [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury o Turville|The Laird Sainsbury o Turville]] |vice_chancellor = [[Deborah Prentice]] |city = [[Cambridge]] |country = [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]] | campus = Urban<br />{{Convert|366444|m2|ha}} (excl. colleges)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/planning/information/statistics/facts/poster2013.pdf|title=University of Cambridge—Facts and Figures January 2013}}</ref> | students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation">{{HESA citation}}</ref> | undergrad = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> | postgrad = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0114}} ({{HESA year}})<ref name="HESA citation"/> |endowment = £6.3&nbsp;billion (2014, Varsity endowment: £2.291 billion, Colleges endowment: £3.6 billion)<ref name="Cambridge Endowment">{{cite news|last=Staley|first=Oliver|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2014-15/weekly/6373/section1.shtml#heading2-6|title=Accounts of colleges|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=4 September 2015|publisher=Cambridge University}}</ref> |colours = {{color box|#A3C1AD}} [[Blue (university sport)#History 2|Cambridge Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/communications/services/identityguidelines/guidelines-colour.pdf|title=Identity Guidelines – Colour|publisher=University of Cambridge Office of External Affairs and Communications|accessdate=28 March 2008|format=PDF}}</ref> |athletics = The [[Blue (varsity sport)|Sporting Blue]] |type = [[public varsity|Public]], (The colleges are private institutions) |affiliations = [[Russell Group]]<br />[[Coimbra Group]]<br />[[European Varsity Association|EUA]]<br />[[G5 (varsities)|G5]]<br />[[LERU]]<br />[[Internaitional Alliance o Research Varsities|IARU]] |website = http://www.cam.ac.uk/ }} The '''University o Cambridge''' (forby kent as "'''Cambridge University'''" or semply as "'''Cambridge'''") is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity|resairch varsity]] in [[Cambridge]], [[Ingland]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis foondit i 1209 whan seevral scholars flit [[Oxford]] efter a feud wi the local tounsfowk. It consists o 31 sel-govrenin colleges, mony o that gae back tae medieval times. Cambridge Varsity is considered ane o the muckle universities in the warld, wi graduates sic as Sir [[Isaac Newton]], [[Laird Byron]] an King [[Charles III]], as weel as current prime meenister o the Unitit Kinrick [[Andy Burnham]]. {{wide image|Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Front Court o [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], foundit i 1441 bi King [[Henry VI o England]]}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|University of Cambridge|Varsity o Cambridge}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge, Varsity O}} [[Category:Varsity o Cambridge| ]] [[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13t century]] [[Category:Organisations based in Cambridge wi ryal patronage]] [[Category:Veesitor attractions in Cambridge]] [[Category:Cultur in Cambridge]] [[Category:History o Cambridge]] [[Category:Russell Group]] [[Category:Coimbra Group]] [[Category:1209 establishments]] [[Category:Oxbridge]] [[Category:Exempt charities]] 7pp6nqn8kl2cexeplr899jdgufbocni 0 69643 924900 920005 2026-10-20T14:57:07Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] | name = Baroness Thatcher | honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Garter|LG]] [[Order of Merit|OM]] [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] | image = Margaret Thatcher stock portrait (cropped).jpg | caption = Thatcher {{circa}} 1995–96 | office1 = [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]] | monarch1 = [[Elizabeth II]] | deputy1 = [[Geoffrey Howe]] (1989-90) | birth_date = {{birth date|1925|10|13|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Grantham]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[Ingland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|4|8|1925|10|13|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Lunnon]], Ingland | term_start1 = 4 Mey 1979 | term_end1 = 28 November 1990 | predecessor1 = [[James Callaghan]] | successor1 = [[John Major]] | party = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] | nationality = [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]] | spouse = Sir [[Denis Thatcher]], Bt.<br>(m. 1951-2003, his daith) | children = [[Mark Thatcher]], [[Carol Thatcher]] | relations = [[Alfred Roberts]]<br>(faither) }} '''Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|commas=true|size=100%|LG|OM|PC|FRS|FRIC}} ({{nee|'''Roberts'''}}; 13 October 1925 &ndash; 8 Apryle 2013) wis a Breetish stateswumman, wha sert as [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]] frae 1979 tae 1990 an as [[Leader o the Conservative Pairty (UK)|Leader]] o the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]] frae 1975 tae 1990. She wis the langest-serrin Breetish prime meenister o the 20t yearhunner, an the first wumman tae haud the office. A Soviet jurnalist cried her '''The Airn Leddy''', an eik-name that becam associatit wi her uncompromisin politics an leadership style. As Prime Meenister, she implementit policies that hae come tae be kent as [[Thatcherism]]. A resairch [[chemist]] afore becomin a [[barrister]], Thatcher wis [[Leet o MPs electit in the Unitit Kinrick general election, 1959|electit Memmer o Pairlament]] for [[Finchley (UK Pairlament constituency)|Finchley]] in [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1959|1959]]. [[Edward Heath]] appyntit her [[Secretar o State for Eddication|Secretar o State for Eddication an Science]] in his [[Heath meenistry|1970 govrenment]]. In 1975, Thatcher defeatit Heath in the [[Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 1975|Conservative Pairty leadership election]] tae become [[Leader o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)|Leader o the Opposeetion]] an acame the first wumman tae lead a major poleetical pairty in the Unitit Kinrick. She acame Prime Meenister efter winnin the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1979|1979 general election]]. On muivin intae {{nowrap|[[10 Downing Street]]}}, Thatcher introduced mony poleetical an economic initiatives intendit tae reverse heich unemployment an Breetain's struissles in the wauk o the [[Winter o Discontent]] an an ongangin recession.{{refn|In her forewird tae the [[Leet o Conservative Pairty (UK) general election manifestos|Conservative manifesto]] o 1979, Thatcher wrate o "a feeling of helplessness, that we are a once great nation that has somehow fallen behind".<ref>{{cite web |title=1979 Conservative Party General Election Manifesto |url=http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1979/1979-conservative-manifesto.shtml |website=conservativemanifesto.com |accessdate=28 July 2009}}</ref>|group=nb}} Her poleetical filosofie an economic policies emphasised [[deregulation]] (parteecularly o the financial sector), flexible labour mercats, the privatisation o [[state-awned enterprise|state-awned companies]], an reducin the pouer an influence o tred unions. Thatcher's popularity in her first years in office waned amid recession an heich unemployment, till veectory in the 1982 [[Falklands War]] an the recoverin economy brocht a resurgence o support, resultin in her decisive [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1983|re-election in 1983]]. She narraely escapit an [[Brighton hotel bombin|assassination attempt in 1984]]. Thatcher wis re-electit for a third term in [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1987|1987]]. In this period her support for a [[Community Charge]] (referred tae as the "poll tax") wis widely unpopular, an her views on the [[European Economic Commonty|European Commonty]] war nae shared bi ithers in her Caibinet. She resigned as Prime Meenister an pairty leader in November 1990, efter [[Michael Heseltine]] lencht a [[Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 1990|challenge tae her leadership]]. Efter reteerin frae the [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Commons]] in 1992, she wis gien a [[life peer]]age as Baroness Thatcher (o [[Kesteven]] in the Coonty o [[Lincolnshire]]) whilk enteetlt her tae sit in the [[Hoose o Lairds]]. Efter a nummer o wee straiks in 2002, she wis advised tae reteer frae public speakin. Nanetheless, she managed tae pre-record a eulogy tae [[Ronald Reagan]] afore his daith, whilk wis braidcast at [[Daith an state funeral o Ronald Reagan|his funeral]] in 2004. In 2013, [[Daith an funeral o Margaret Thatcher|she dee'd o anither straik]] in Lunnon, at the age o 87. Ayeweys a controversial feegur, she haes been laudit as [[Historical rankins o Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick|ane o the greatest]] an maist influential politeecians in Breetish historie, even as arguments ower Thatcherism perseest. ==Early life an eddication== Thatcher wis born Margaret Hilda Roberts on 13 October 1925, in [[Grantham, Lincolnshire]]. Her faither wis [[Alfred Roberts]], oreeginally frae Northamptonshire, an her mither wis Beatrice Ethel (née Stephenson) frae Lincolnshire.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=1}} She spent her bairnheid in Grantham, whaur her faither awned twa grocery shaps. Margaret Roberts attendit Huntingtower Road Primary School an wan a bursary tae [[Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School]].{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=5}} Her schuil reports shawed haurd wark an continual impruivement; her extracurricular activities includit the piano, field hockey, poetry recitals, soummin an walkin.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=6}}{{sfnp|Blundell|2008|pp=21–22}} In her [[saxt form|upper saxt year]] she applee'd for a bursary tae study chemistry at [[Somerville College, Oxford]], a weemen's college at the time, but she wis ineetially rejectit an wis offered a place anerly efter anither candidate widrew.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=12}}{{sfnp|Blundell|2008|p=23}} Roberts arrived at Oxford in 1943 an graduatit in 1947 wi [[Breetish undergraduate degree classification|Seicont-Cless Honours]] in the fower-year Chemistry Bachelor o Science degree, specialisin in [[X-ray crystallography]] unner the superveesion o [[Dorothy Hodgkin]].{{sfnp|Blundell|2008|pp=25–27}}{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=16}} Roberts jyned the local Conservative Association an attendit the pairty conference at [[Llandudno]] in 1948, as a representative o the University Graduate Conservative Association.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=22}} Meanwhile she acame a heich-rankin member o the [[Vermin Club]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Moore |first=Charles |authorlink=Charles Moore (journalist) |title=Golly: now we know what's truly offensive |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/charlesmoore/4520977/Golly-now-we-know-whats-truly-offensive.html |date=5 February 2009 |accessdate=29 April 2017 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=J.C. |magazine=[[The Economist]] |title=Gaffe-ology: why Mitchell had to go |url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2012/10/political-crises |date=21 October 2012 |accessdate=29 April 2017 |quote=In 1948 [[Aneurin Bevan]] called the Conservative Party "lower than vermin", a comment that lost Labour thousands of moderate votes at the following election. The Tories embraced the phrase; some formed the Vermin Club in response (Margaret Thatcher was a member).}}</ref> a group o gressruits Conservatives formed in response tae a derogatory remerk aboot the pairty. Ane o her Oxford friends wis an aa a friend o the Chair o the [[Dartford]] Conservative Association in [[Kent]], wha war leukin for candidates.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=22}} Offeecials o the association war sae impressed bi her that thay askit her tae applee, even tho she wis nae on the Conservative Pairty's approved leet: she wis selectit in Januar 1951, aged 25, an addit tae the appruived leet ''[[:wikt:post ante|post ante]]''.{{sfnp|Blundell|2008|p=36}} At a dinner follaein her formal adoption as Conservative candidate for Dartford in Februar 1951 she met [[Denis Thatcher]], a successfu an walthy divorced businessman, wha drave her tae her Essex train.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=22}}{{sfnp|Blundell|2008|p=36}} In preparation for the election Roberts muived tae Dartford, whaur she supportit hersel bi wirkin as a resairch chemist for [[J. Lyons and Co.]] in Hammersmith, pairt o a team developin [[emulsion|emulsifiers]] for [[ice cream]].{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=22}}<ref name="ns-rs">{{cite journal|title=Cream of the crop at Royal Society|url=https://books.google.com/?id=XRpdT3gc9KYC&pg=PA5&dq=Margaret+Thatcher+ice#v=onepage&q=Margaret+Thatcher+ice&f=false|journal=New Scientist|date=7 July 1983|page=5|accessdate=25 January 2011|volume=99|issue=1365|ref=harv|author1=Information|first1=Reed Business}}</ref> Shortly efter her mairiage, she an her husband begoud attendin [[Kirk o Ingland|Anglican]] services an wad later convert tae [[Anglicanism]].<ref name="Belz">{{Cite news |url=https://world.wng.org/2013/04/weather_maker |first=Mindy |last=Belz |title=Weather maker |agency=World Magazine |date=4 May 2013 |access-date=2017-06-07 |archive-date=2019-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203055950/https://world.wng.org/2013/04/weather_maker |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Filby">{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9992424/Margaret-Thatcher-her-unswerving-faith-shaped-by-her-father.html |first=Eliza |last=Filby |title=Margaret Thatcher: her unswerving faith shaped by her father |agency=The Telegraph |date=14 April 2013}}</ref> ==Early political career== In the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1950|1950]] an [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1951|1951 general elections]], Roberts wis the Conservative candidate for the safe Labour seat o [[Dartford (UK Pairlament constituency)|Dartford]]. The local pairty selectit her as its candidate acause, tho nae a dynamic public speaker, Roberts wis well-prepared an fearless in her answers. She attractit media attention as the youngest an the anerly female candidate.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|pp=23–24}}{{sfnp|Blundell|2008|p=37}} She lost on baith occasions tae [[Norman Dodds]], but reduced the Labour majority bi 6,000, an then a further 1,000.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|pp=23–24}} During the campaigns, she wis supportit bi her parents an bi Denis Thatcher, wha she mairied in December 1951.{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|pp=23–24}}<ref name="Denis Thatcher">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/1434154/Sir-Denis-Thatcher-Bt.html |accessdate=6 January 2012 |date=27 June 2003 |title=Sir Denis Thatcher, Bt |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> ===Member o Pairlament: 1959–1970=== In 1954, Thatcher wis defeatit whan she socht selection tae be the Conservative pairty candidate for the [[Orpington bi-election, 1955|Orpington bi-election]] o Januar 1955. She chuise nae tae staund as a candidate in the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1955|1955 general election]], in later years statin: "I really just felt the twins were&nbsp;... only two, I really felt that it was too soon. I couldn't do that."{{sfnp|Campbell|2000|p=100}} Efterwart, Thatcher begoud leukin for a Conservative [[sauf seat]] an wis selectit as the candidate for [[Finchley (UK Pairlament constituency)|Finchley]] in Apryle 1958 (narraely beatin [[Ian Fraser (Plymouth Sutton MP)|Ian Montagu Fraser]]). She wis electit as MP for the seat efter a haurd campaign in the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1959|1959 election]].{{sfnp|Beckett|2006|p=27}}<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41842|page=6433|date=13 October 1959}}</ref> Benefitin frae her fortuinate result in a lottery for [[backbencher]]s tae propone new legislation,<ref name="runciman20130606">{{cite news|last=Runciman|first=David|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n11/david-runciman/rat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat|title=Rat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat-a-tat|work=London Review of Books|date=6 June 2013|accessdate=11 June 2013}}</ref> Thatcher's [[maiden speech]] wis in support o her [[private member's bill]] ([[Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960]]), requirin local authorities tae hauld thair cooncil meetins in public.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/101055 |title =HC S 2R [Public Bodies (Admission of the Press to Meetings) Bill] (Maiden Speech) |publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation |date=5 February 1960}}</ref> Thatcher's talent an drive caused her tae be mentioned as a futur Prime Meenister in her early 20s{{r|runciman20130606}} awtho she hersel wis mair pessimistic, statin as late as 1970: "There will not be a woman prime minister in my lifetime{{snd}}the male population is too prejudiced."<ref name="sandbrook20130409">{{cite news|last=Sandbrook|first=Dominic|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22076886|title=Viewpoint: What if Margaret Thatcher had never been?|publisher=BBC|date=9 April 2013|accessdate=16 June 2013}}</ref> In October 1961 she wis promotit tae the [[frontbench]] as [[Pairlamentar Secretar tae the Meenister for Pensions|Pairlamentar Unnersecretar at the Meenistry o Pensions an Naitional Insurance]] bi [[Harold Macmillan]].{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=4}} Thatcher wis the youngest wumman in history tae receive sic a post, an amang the first [[Leet o MPs electit in the Unitit Kinrick general election, 1959|MPs electit in 1959]] tae be promotit.{{r|scottsmith2003}} Bi 1966, pairty leaders viewed Thatcher as a potential [[Offeecial Opposeetion Shaidae Cabinet (Unitit Kinrick)|Shaidae Cabinet member]]. [[James Prior]] suggestit her as a member efter the Conservatives' [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1966|1966 defeat]], but pairty leader [[Edward Heath]] an [[Chief Whip]] [[Willie Whitelaw]] insteid chuise tae promote [[Mervyn Pike]] as the [[First Shaidae Cabinet o Edward Heath|Shaidae Cabinet]]'s anerly wumman member.{{r|scottsmith2003}} At the Conservative Pairty conference o 1966 she criticised the heich-tax policies o the Labour govrenment as bein steps "not only towards Socialism, but towards Communism", arguin that lawer taxes served as an incentive tae haurd wark.{{sfnp|Wapshott|2007|p=64}} Thatcher wis ane o the few Conservative MPs tae support [[Leo Abse]]'s Bill tae decriminalise male homosexuality.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1966/jul/05/sexual-offences-no-2|title=Sexual Offences (No. 2)|date=5 July 1966|journal=Hansard|volume=731|page=267|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104201938/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1966/jul/05/sexual-offences-no-2|url-status=dead}}</ref> She an aa votit in favour o [[David Steel]]'s bill tae legalise abortion,{{sfnp|Thatcher|1995|p=150}}<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1966/jul/22/medical-termination-of-pregnancy-bill|title=Medical Termination of Pregnancy Bill|date=22 July 1966|journal=Hansard|volume=732|page=1165|ref=harv|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2020-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102150407/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1966/jul/22/medical-termination-of-pregnancy-bill|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter Pike's reteerment, Heath appyntit Thatcher tae the Shaidae Cabinet<ref name=scottsmith2003>{{cite journal|last=Scott-Smith |first=Giles |title="Her Rather Ambitious Washington Program": Margaret Thatcher's International Visitor Program Visit to the United States in 1967 |url=http://mountainrunner.us/library/publicdiplomacy/Scott-Smith%20(2003)-%20%E2%80%98Her%20Rather%20Ambitious%20Washington%20Program%E2%80%99%20Margaret%20Thatcher%E2%80%99s%20International%20Visitor%20Program%20Visit%20to%20the%20US%20in%201967.pdf|date=Winter 2003|journal=Contemporary British History|volume=17|issue=4|pages=65–86|publisher=Routledge&nbsp;– Taylor and Francis|issn=1743-7997|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126115302/http://mountainrunner.us/library/publicdiplomacy/Scott-Smith%20%282003%29-%20%E2%80%98Her%20Rather%20Ambitious%20Washington%20Program%E2%80%99%20Margaret%20Thatcher%E2%80%99s%20International%20Visitor%20Program%20Visit%20to%20the%20US%20in%201967.pdf|archivedate=26 November 2010 |ref=harv|doi=10.1080/13619460308565458}}</ref> as Fuel an Pouer spokesman.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/margaret-thatchers-timeline-from-grantham-to-the-house-of-lords-via-arthur-scargill-and-the-8564555.html|title=Margaret Thatcher's timeline: From Grantham to the House of Lords, via Arthur Scargill and the Falklands War|date=8 April 2013|work=Independent|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> Shortly afore the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1970|1970 election]], she wis promotit tae Shadow Transport spokesman an later tae Eddication.{{sfnp|Wapshott|2007|p=65}} ===Eddication Secretar: 1970–1974=== The Conservative Pairty unner [[Edward Heath]] wan the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1970|1970 general election]], an Thatcher wis subsequently appyntit tae the [[Cabinet o the Unitit Kinrick|Cabinet]] as [[Secretar o State for Eddication|Secretar o State for Eddication an Science]]. In her first months in office she attractit public attention as a result o the govrenment's attempts ae cut spendin. She gae priority tae academic needs in schuils.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=14}} She imponed public expenditur cuts on the state eddication seestem, resultin in the aboleetion o free milk for schuilchilder aged seiven tae eleiven.{{sfnp|Wapshott|2007|p=76}} She held that few childer wad thole if schuils war chairged for milk, but agreed tae provide younger childer wi a third o a pint daily, for nutreetional purposes.{{sfnp|Wapshott|2007|p=76}} Cabinet papers later revealed that she opponed the policy but haed been forced intae it bi the Thesaury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tories-move-swiftly-to-avoid-milksnatcher-tag-2047372.html|title=Tories move swiftly to avoid 'milk-snatcher' tag|last=Hickman|first=Martin|date=9 August 2010|newspaper=The Independent|accessdate=9 April 2013|archive-date=2015-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925172651/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tories-move-swiftly-to-avoid-milksnatcher-tag-2047372.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her deceesion provoked a storm o protest frae Labour an the press,{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=15}} leadin tae the moniker "Margaret Thatcher, Milk Snatcher".{{sfnp|Wapshott|2007|p=76}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Rebecca|title=How Margaret Thatcher became known as 'Milk Snatcher'|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/7932963/How-Margaret-Thatcher-became-known-as-Milk-Snatcher.html|accessdate=9 April 2013|newspaper=The Sunday Telegraph|date=8 August 2010}}</ref> She reportitly conseedered leavin politics in the eftermath an later wrate in her autobiografie: "I learned a valuable lesson {{bracket|from the experience}}. I had incurred the maximum of political odium for the minimum of political benefit."{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=15}}{{sfnp|Thatcher|1995|p=182}} ===Leader o the Opposeetion: 1975–1979=== [[File:Thatcher-loc.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Thatcher as Tory leader]] The Heath govrenment continued tae experience difficulties wi [[1973 ile creesis|ile embargoes]] an union demands for wage increases in 1973 an lost the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, Februar 1974|Februar 1974 general election]].{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=15}} Labour formed a minority govrenment an went on tae win a narrae majority in the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, October 1974|October 1974 general election]]. Heath's leadership o the Conservative Pairty leukit increasinly in dout. Thatcher wis nae ineetially the obvious replacement, but she eventually acame the main challenger, promisin a fresh stairt.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=16}} Her main support came frae the Conservative [[1922 Committee]],{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=16}} but Thatcher's time in office gae her the reputation o a pragmatist instead o an ideologue.{{r|runciman20130606}} She [[Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 1975|defeatit Heath]] on the first ballot an he resigned the leadership.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article545321.ece?token=null&offset=12&page=2|url-access=limited|title=Thatcher leads tributes to Sir Edward Heath|date=18 July 2005|accessdate=14 October 2008|work=The Times|first=Philippe|last=Naughton}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the seicont ballot she defeatit Whitelaw, Heath's preferred successor. The vote polarised alang richt&ndash;left lines, wi the region, experience an eddication o the MP an aa haein thair effects. Thatcher's support wis stranger amang MPs on the richt, thae frae soothren Ingland, an thae wha haed nae attendit public schuils or [[Oxbridge]].<ref>Philip Cowley and Matthew Bailey, "Peasants' Uprising or Religious War? Re-Examining the 1975 Conservative Leadership Contest", ''British Journal of Political Science'' (2000) 30#4 pp.&nbsp;599–629</ref> Thatcher acame Conservative Pairty leader an [[Leader o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)|Leader o the Opposeetion]] on 11 Februar 1975;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=102452|title=Press Conference after winning Conservative leadership (Grand Committee Room)|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|accessdate=29 September 2007}}</ref> she appyntit Whitelaw as her [[Depute Leader o the Conservative Pairty (UK)|depute]]. Heath wis niver reconciled tae Thatcher's leadership.<ref>Moore, ''Thatcher'' 1:394–395, 430</ref> In addeetion tae opposeetion tae [[Keynesian ecenomics]], Thatcher wantit tae prevent the creaution o a Scots assembly. She tauld Conservative MPs tae vote against the Scotland and Wales Bill in December 1976, which wis defeatit, an then whan new Bills war proponed she supportit amendin the legislation tae allae the Inglis tae vote in the [[Scots devolution referendum, 1979|1979 referendum on devolution]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/top-stories/how-thatcher-tried-to-thwart-devolution-1-1165673|title=How Thatcher tried to thwart devolution|date=27 April 2008|accessdate=20 April 2013|newspaper=The Scotsman|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016012202/http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/top-stories/how-thatcher-tried-to-thwart-devolution-1-1165673|url-status=dead}}</ref> Breetain's economy during the 1970s wis sae waik that Foreign Meenister [[James Callaghan]] wairned his fellae Labour Cabinet members in 1974 o the possibility o "a breakdown of democracy", tellin them: "If I were a young man, I would emigrate."{{sfnp|Beckett|2010|loc=chapter 7}} In mid-1978, the economy begoud tae impruive an opeenion polls shawed Labour in the lead, wi a general election bein expectit later that year an a Labour win a sairious possibility. Nou Prime Meenister, Callaghan surpreesed mony bi annooncin on 7 September that thare wad be na general election that year an he wad wait till 1979 afore gangin tae the polls. Thatcher reactit tae this bi buistin the Labour govrenment "chickens", an [[Leeberal Pairty (UK)|Leeberal Pairty]] leader [[David Steel]] jyned in, criticisin Labour for "running scared".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/7/newsid_2502000/2502781.stm|title=7 September 1978: Callaghan accused of running scared|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC|accessdate=13 January 2012|year=2008}}</ref> The Conservatives attacked the Labour govrenment's unemployment record, uisin advertisin wi the slogan "[[Labour Isn't Working]]". A [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1979|general election]] wis cried efter Callaghan's govrenment lost a [[1979 vote o na confidence in the govrenment o James Callaghan|motion o na confidence]] in early 1979. The Conservatives wan a 44-seat majority in the Hoose o Commons an Thatcher acame the first female Breetish prime meenister.<ref>David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, ''The British general election of 1979'' (1980).</ref> ==Premiership o the Unitit Kinrick: 1979–1990== Thatcher acame Prime Meenister on 4 Mey 1979. Arrivin at Downing Street she said, paraphrasin the [[Prayer o Saunt Francis]]:{{poemquote| Where there is discord, may we bring harmony; Where there is error, may we bring truth; Where there is doubt, may we bring faith; And where there is despair, may we bring hope. |char=Margaret Thatcher |source=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104078 |title=Remarks on becoming Prime Minister (St Francis's prayer) |date=4 May 1979 |publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation |accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> |title=her remarks on becoming Prime Minister }} Thatcher remained in office ootthrou the next decade. For muckle o her premiership, she wis descrived as the maist pouerfu wumman in the warld.<ref>{{cite book |title=How to Work for a Woman Boss, Even If You'd Rather Not |url=https://archive.org/details/howtoworkforwoma00bern |last=Bern |first=Paula |publisher=[[Dodd Mead]] |edition=1st |isbn=978-0396088394 |date=February 1987 |page=[https://archive.org/details/howtoworkforwoma00bern/page/43 43]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Maggie: An Intimate Portrait of a Woman in Power |url=https://archive.org/details/maggieintimatepo00ogde |last=Ogden |first=Chris |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |edition=1st |isbn=978-0671667603 |year=1990 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/maggieintimatepo00ogde/page/9 9], 12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Current Biography Yearbook |titlelink=Current Biography |publisher=[[H. W. Wilson Co.]] |edition=1989 |volume=50 |year=1990 |page=567}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Gail Sheehy on the most powerful woman in the world |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_vanity-fair_1989-07_52_7/page/102 |last=Sheehy |first=Gail |authorlink=Gail Sheehy |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |volume=52 |year=1989 |page=102}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=The most powerful woman in the world |last=Eisner |first=Jane |authorlink=Jane Eisner |magazine=The Philadelphia Inquirer Magazine |asin=B006RKBPBK |date=7 June 1987 |page=1}}</ref> ===Domestic affairs=== Thatcher wis Leader o the Opposeetion an Prime Meenister at a time o increased racial tension in Breetain. Commentin on the [[Unitit Kinrick local elections, 1977|local elections o Mey 1977]], ''[[The Economist]]'' notit "The Tory tide swamped the smaller parties. That specifically includes the [[Naitional Front (UK)|National Front]], which suffered a clear decline from last year".<ref>{{cite news|work=The Economist|title=Votes go to Tories, and nobody else|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_economist_1977-05-14_263_6976/page/24|date=14 May 1977|volume=263|issue=6976|pages=24–28}}</ref><ref>[http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/93030FB632E147999D4BEB655587A134.pdf ''Conservative Party Campaign Guide Supplement 1978'']. Published by the Conservative and Unionist Central Office.</ref> Her staundin in the polls rose bi 11% efter a Januar 1978 interview for ''[[World in Action]]'' in which she said "the British character has done so much for democracy, for law and done so much throughout the world that if there is any fear that it might be swamped people are going to react and be rather hostile to those coming in", as well as "in many ways {{bracket|minorities}} add to the richness and variety of this country. The moment the minority threatens to become a big one, people get frightened".<ref>{{cite news|work=The Times|title=Mrs Thatcher fears people might become hostile if immigrant flow is not cut|date=31 January 1978}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920566-3,00.html|title=Britain: Facing a Multiracial Future|date=27 August 1979|accessdate=20 January 2011|archive-date=2013-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724082825/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920566-3,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 1979 general election, the Conservatives attracted voters frae the Naitional Front, whose support awmaist collapsed.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=26}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FtAiLTYSpA4C&pg=PA128&dq=thatcher+national+front#v=onepage&q=thatcher%20national%20front&f=false|title=Britishness since 1870|first=Paul|last=Ward|publisher=Routledge|accessdate=21 August 2011|isbn=978-0-415-22016-3|year=2004|page=128}}</ref> In a meetin in Julie 1979 wi [[Secretar o State for Foreign an Commonweel Affairs|Foreign Secretar]] [[Peter Carington, 6t Baron Carrington|Lord Carrington]] an [[Hame Secretar]] [[Willie Whitelaw]] she objectit tae the nummer o Asie immigrants, in the context o leemitin the tot o [[Vietnamese boat fowk]] allaed tae settle in the UK tae less nor 10,000.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html|title=Margaret Thatcher complained about Asian immigration to Britain|date=30 December 2009|accessdate=20 January 2011|first=Jon|last=Swaine|archive-date=2011-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120061249/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> As Prime Meenister, Thatcher met weekly wi [[Queen Elizabeth II]] tae discuss govrenment business, an thair relationship came unner close scrutiny.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=28}}{{sfnp|Seward|2001|p=154}} Biografer [[John Campbell (biografer)|John Campbell]] says thair relations war "punctiliously correct but there was little love lost on either side". The Queen's press secretar leaked anonymous rumours o a rift, which war offeecially denee'd bi the Palace. Campbell concludes that Thatcher haed "an almost mystical reverence for the institution of the monarchy" despite "trying to modernise the country and sweep away many of the values and practices which the monarchy perpetuated".<ref>Campbell, ''Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady 2:464</ref> Thatcher later wrate: "I always found the Queen's attitude towards the work of the Government absolutely correct&nbsp;... stories of clashes between 'two powerful women' were just too good not to make up."{{sfnp|Thatcher|1993|p=18}} ====Economy an taxation==== Thatcher's economic policy wis influenced bi [[monetarism|monetarist]] thinkin an economists sic as [[Milton Friedman]] an [[Alan Walters]].{{sfnp|Childs|2006|p=185}} Thegither wi [[Chancellor o the Exchequer]] [[Geoffrey Howe]], she lawered direct taxes on income an increased indirect taxes.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=30}} She increased interest rates tae slaw the growthe o the money supplee an tharebi lawer inflation,{{sfnp|Childs|2006|p=185}} introduced cash leemits on public spendin, an reduced expenditur on social services sic as eddication an hoosin.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=30}} Her cuts in heicher eddication spendin resultit in her bein the first Oxford-eddicatit post-war Prime Meenister nae tae be awairdit an honorar doctorate bae the Varsity o Oxford, efter a 738 tae 319 vote o the govrenin assembly an a student peteetion.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/29/newsid_2506000/2506019.stm |title=29 January 1985: Thatcher snubbed by Oxford dons |accessdate=9 April 2007 |work=On this day 1950–2005 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Some Heathite Conservatives in the Cabinet, the sae-cried "[[wets an drees|wets]]", expressed dout ower Thatcher's policies.<ref name="nft"/> The [[1981 Ingland riots]] resultit in the Breetish media discussin the need for a policy U-turn. At the 1980 Conservative Pairty conference, Thatcher addressed the issue directly, wi a speech written bi the playwricht [[Ronald Millar]]{{sfnp|Jones|Kavanagh|Moran|2007|p=224}} that included the lines: "You turn if you want to. [[The lady's not for turning]]!"<ref name="nft">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/10/newsid_2541000/2541071.stm|title=10 October 1980: Thatcher 'not for turning'|accessdate=21 December 2008|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Thatcher's job appruival ratin fell tae 23% bi December 1980, lawer nor recordit for ony previous Prime Meenister.{{sfnp|Thornton|2006|p=18}} As the [[Early 1980s recession|recession o the early 1980s]] deepened she increased taxes,{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=31}} despite concerns expressed in a statement signed bi 364&nbsp;leadin economists issued taewart the end o Mairch 1981.<ref>{{cite news|title=An avalanche of economists|date=31 March 1981|url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/263/101/138526786w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS285575295&dyn=75!xrn_1_0_CS285575295&hst_1?sw_aep=mclib|url-access=limited|newspaper=The Times|page=17|accessdate=12 January 2011}}</ref> Bi 1982, the UK begoud tae experience signs o economic recovery;{{sfnp|Floud|Johnson|2004|p=392}} inflation wis doun tae 8.6% frae a heich o 18%, but unemployment wis ower 3&nbsp;million for the first time syne the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/26/newsid_2506000/2506335.stm|title=26 January 1982: UK unemployment tops three million|accessdate=16 April 2010|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC News|year=2008}}</ref> Bi 1983 oweraw economic growthe wis stranger an inflation an mortgage rates war at thair lawest levels syne 1970, awtho manufacturin employment as a share o tot employment fell tae juist ower 30%,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rowthorn |first1=Robert |authorlink1=Robert Rowthorn |last2=Wells |first2=John R. |title=De-Industrialization and Foreign Trade |url=https://archive.org/details/deindustrializat0000rowt |date=12 November 1987 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/deindustrializat0000rowt/page/234 234] |isbn=978-0521263603}}</ref> wi tot unemployment remeenin heich, peakin at 3.3&nbsp;million in 1984.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/unemployment-among-young-workers-hits-15-per-cent-1645728.html|title=Unemployment among young workers hits 15 per cent|newspaper=The Independent|date=16 March 2009|accessdate=21 November 2010|first=Sean|last=O'Grady|archive-date=2017-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020085549/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/unemployment-among-young-workers-hits-15-per-cent-1645728.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bi 1987, unemployment wis fawin, the economy wis stable an strang an inflation wis law. Opeenion polls shawed a comfortable Conservative lead, an [[Unitit Kinrick local elections, 1987|local cooncil election]] results haed an aa been successfu, promptin Thatcher tae cry a general election for 11 Juin that year, despite the deidline for an election still bein 12 month awey. The [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1987|election]] saw Thatcher re-electit for a third successive term.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/ge87.shtml|title=BBC Politics 97|publisher=BBC|date=11 June 1987|accessdate=14 November 2011}}</ref> ====Industrial relations==== Thatcher wis committit tae reducin the pouer o the [[tred union]]s, whase leadership she accused o unnerminin pairlamentar democracy an economic performance throu strick action.{{sfnp|Thatcher|1993|pp=97–98, 339–340}} Several unions lenched stricks in response tae legislation introduced tae crib thair pouer, but reseestance eventually collapsed.<ref name="thatcher-cw">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/thatcher|title=Margaret Thatcher|accessdate=29 October 2008|publisher=CNN|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703072749/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/thatcher|archivedate=3 July 2008}}</ref> Anerly 39% o union members votit for Labour in the 1983 general election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Revzin|first=Philip|title=British Labor Unions Begin to Toe the Line, Realizing That the Times Have Changed|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=23 November 1984}}</ref> The [[UK miners' strick (1984–85)|miners' strick o 1984–85]] wis the biggest confrontation atween the unions an the Thatcher govrenment. ====Privatisation==== The policy o [[privatisation]] haes been cried "a crucial ingredient o Thatcherism".{{sfnp|Seldon|Collings|2000|p=27}} Efter the 1983 election the sale o state utilities acceleratit;{{sfnp|Feigenbaum|Henig|Hamnett|1998|p=71}} maur than £29&nbsp;billion wis raised frae the sale o naitionalised industries, an anither £18&nbsp;billion frae the sale o cooncil hooses.{{sfnp|Marr|2007|p=428}} The process o privatisation, especially the preparation o naitionalised industries for privatisation, wis associatit wi merked impruivements in performance, pairteecularly in terms o [[wirkforce productivity|labour productivity]].<ref name=ParkerMartin>{{cite journal|last1=Parker|first1=David|last2=Martin|first2=Stephen|title=The impact of UK privatisation on labour and total factor productivity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scottish-journal-of-political-economy_1995-05_42_2/page/216|journal=Scottish Journal of Political Economy|volume=42|issue=2|date=May 1995|pages=216–217|ref=harv|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9485.1995.tb01154.x}}</ref> ====Northren Ireland==== In 1980 an 1981, [[Proveesional Erse Republican Airmy]] (IRA) an [[Erse Naitional Leeberation Airmy]] (INLA) preesoners in Northren Ireland's [[HM Prison Maze|Maze Prison]] cairied oot [[1981 Erse hunger strick|hunger stricks]] in an effort tae regain the status o poleetical preesoners that haed been remuived in 1976 bi the precedin Labour govrenment.<ref name="strike"/> [[Bobby Sands]] begoud the 1981 strick, sayin that he wad fest till daith unless preeson inmates wan concessions ower thair leevin condeetions.<ref name="strike">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/3/newsid_2451000/2451503.stm|title=3 October 1981: IRA Maze hunger strikes at an end|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC|year=2008}}</ref> Thatcher refuised tae coontenance a return tae poleetical status for the preesoners, declarin "Crime is crime is crime; it is not political",<ref name="strike"/> but nivertheless the UK govrenment privately contactit republican leaders in a bid tae bring the hunger stricks tae an end.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/ireland/article6036723.ece|url-access=limited|title=Was Gerry Adams complicit over hunger strikers?|accessdate=20 April 2009|date=5 April 2009|newspaper=The Sunday Times|last=Clarke|first=Liam|archive-date=2011-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301124629/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/ireland/article6036723.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter the daiths o Sands an nine ithers, the strick endit. Some richts war restored tae paramilitar preesoners, but nae offeecial recogneetion o poleetical status.<ref name="CAIN-hs"/> Violence in Northren Ireland escalatit signeeficantly during the hunger stricks; in 1982 [[Sinn Féin]] politeecian [[Danny Morrison (Erse republican)|Danny Morrison]] descrived Thatcher as "the biggest bastard we have ever known".{{sfnp|English|2005|pp=207–208}} Thatcher narraely escaped injury in an IRA [[Brighton hotel bombin|assassination attempt]] at a Brighton hotel early in the mornin on 12 October 1984.<ref name="bbc-bomb">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_2531000/2531583.stm|accessdate=29 October 2008|title=12 October 1984: Tory Cabinet in Brighton bomb blast|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC|year=2008}}</ref> Five fowk war killed, includin the wife o Cabinet Meenister [[John Wakeham]]. Thatcher wis stayin at the hotel tae attend the Conservative Pairty conference, which she inseestit shoud open as scheduled the follaein day.<ref name="bbc-bomb"/> She delivered her speech as planned,{{sfnp|Thatcher|1993|pp=379–383}} awbeit rewritten frae her oreeginal draft,<ref>{{cite news |last=Travis |first=Alan |title=Thatcher was to call Labour and miners 'enemy within' in abandoned speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/03/thatcher-labour-miners-enemy-within-brighton-bomb |newspaper=The Guardian |date=3 October 2014 |accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> in a muive that wis widely supportit athort the poleetical spectrum an enhanced her popularity wi the public.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lanoue|first1=David J.|last2=Headrick|first2=Barbara|title=Short-Term Political Events and British Government Popularity: Direct and Indirect Effects|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_polity_spring-1998_30_3/page/423|journal=Polity|volume=30|issue=3|date=Spring 1998|pages=423, 427, 431, 432|ref=harv|doi=10.2307/3235208}}</ref> On 6 November 1981, Thatcher an Erse [[Taoiseach]] [[Garret FitzGerald]] haed established the Anglo-Erse Inter-Govrenmental Cooncil, a forum for meetins atween the twa govrenments.<ref name="CAIN-hs">{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/hstrike/chronology.htm|title=The Hunger Strike of 1981&nbsp;– A Chronology of Main Events|publisher=[[CAIN]], University of Ulster|accessdate=27 January 2011|archive-date=2007-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070531003915/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/hstrike/chronology.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 15 November 1985, Thatcher an FitzGerald signed the Hillsborough [[Anglo-Irish Agreement]], the first time a Breetish govrenment haed gien the Republic o Ireland an adveesory role in the govrenance o Northren Ireland. In protest the [[Ulster Says No]] muivement attractit 100,000 tae a rally in Belfast,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/aia/chron.htm |title=Anglo Irish Agreement Chronology |publisher=[[CAIN]], University of Ulster |accessdate=27 January 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206111841/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/aia/chron.htm |archivedate=6 December 2010 |df= }}</ref> [[Ian Gow]] resigned as [[Meenister o State]] in the [[HM Thesaury]],<ref>{{cite news|title=15 November 1985: Anglo-Irish agreement signed|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/15/newsid_2539000/2539849.stm |accessdate=4 May 2010 |work=On this day 1950–2005 |publisher=BBC |year=2008}}</ref>{{sfnp|Moloney|2002|p=336}} an aw fifteen Unionist MPs resigned thair pairlamentar seats; anerly ane wis nae returned in the subsequent [[Leet o Unitit Kinrick bi-elections (1979–2010)#1983–1987 Pairlament|bi-elections]] on 23 Januar 1986.{{sfnp|Cochrane|2001|p=143}} ===Environment=== Thatcher supported an active climate pertection policy an wis instrumental in the creaution o the [[Environmental Protection Act 1990]] an in foundin the [[Intergovrenmental Panel on Climate Chynge]] an the Breetish [[Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research]] in Exeter.<ref name=gw>{{cite web |last=Bell |first=Alice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2013/apr/09/margaret-thatcher-green-hero |title=Greenwashing Thatcher's history does an injustice both to her and to science and technology policy |newspaper=The Guardian |date=9 April 2013 |accessdate=25 August 2014}}</ref> She helped tae put climate chynge, [[acid rain]] an general pollution in the Breetish mainstream in the early 1980s,<ref name=gw/> an gained distinction as the first warld leader tae wairn o [[global wairmin]].<ref name="Booker">{{cite web |last=Booker |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Booker |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/christopherbooker/7823477/Was-Margaret-Thatcher-the-first-climate-sceptic.html |title=Was Margaret Thatcher the first climate sceptic? |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=12 June 2010 |accessdate=3 June 2017}}</ref> Her speeches includit ane tae the [[Ryal Society]] on 27 September 1988<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/107346|title=Margaret Thatcher Speech to the Royal Society|date=27 September 1988|accessdate=27 April 2016|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation}}</ref> an tae the [[Unitit Naitions General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] in November 1989. Houever, upon her retirement as Prime Meenister in 1990, she missed the [[Earth Summit]] 1992 an acame sceptical aboot [[Politics o global wairmin|climate chynge policy]].<ref name=gw/><ref name="Booker" /> ===Foreign affairs=== Thatcher's first foreign policy creesis came wi the 1979 Soviet invasion o Afghanistan. She condemned the invasion, said it shawed the bankruptcy o a [[détente]] policy, an helped convince some Breetish athletes tae boycott the 1980 Moscow Olympics. She gae waik support tae US Preses [[Jimmy Carter]] wha tried tae punish the USSR wi economic sanctions. Breetain's economic situation wis precarious, an maist o NATO wis reluctant tae cut tred ties.<ref>Daniel James Lahey, "The Thatcher government's response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979–1980," ''Cold War History'' (2013) 13#1 pp&nbsp;21–42.</ref> Thatcher acame closely aligned wi the [[Cauld War]] policies o US Preses [[Ronald Reagan]], based on thair shared distrust o Communism.<ref name="thatcher-cw"/> A disgreement came in 1983 when Reagan did nae consult wi her on the [[invasion o Grenada]].<ref>Gary Williams, "'A Matter of Regret': Britain, the 1983 Grenada Crisis, and the Special Relationship." ''Twentieth Century British History'' 12#2 (2001): 208–230.</ref> During her first year as Prime Meenister she supportit [[NATO]]'s deceesion tae deploy US nuclear [[BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile|cruise]] an [[Pershing II]] missiles in Wastren Europe<ref name="thatcher-cw"/> an permittit the US tae station mair nor 160&nbsp;cruise missiles at [[RAF Greenham Common]], stairtin on 14 November 1983 an triggerin mass protests bi the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]].<ref name="thatcher-cw"/> She bocht the [[Trident nuclear programme|Trident]] nuclear missile submarine seestem frae the US tae replace Polaris, triplin the UK's nuclear forces<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,922079,00.html|title=Trident is go|accessdate=16 January 2011|date=28 July 1980|magazine=Time|archive-date=2013-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826001043/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,922079,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> at an eventual cost o mair nor £12&nbsp;billion (at 1996–97 prices).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/uk/slbm/vanguard.htm|title=Vanguard Class Ballistic Missile Submarine|accessdate=16 January 2011|date=5 November 1999|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|archive-date=2010-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123230232/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/uk/slbm/vanguard.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 2 Apryle 1982 the rulin [[Naitional Reorganisation Process|militar junta in Argentinae]] ordered the invasion o the Breetish-controlled [[Falkland Islands]] an [[Sooth Georgie an the Sooth Sandwich Islands|Sooth Georgie]], triggerin the [[Falklands War]].{{sfnp|Smith|1989|p=21}} At the suggestion o [[Harold Macmillan]] an [[Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong o Ilminster|Robert Armstrong]],{{sfnp|Jackling|2005|p=230}} she set up an chaired a smaw [[War cabinet#Falklands War|War Cabinet]] (formally cried ODSA, Owerseas an Defence committee, Sooth Atlantic) tae tak chairge o the conduct o the war,{{sfnp|Hastings|Jenkins|1983|pp=80–81}} which bi 5–6 Apryle haed authorised an dispatched a [[Breetish naval forces in the Falklands War|naval task force]] tae retak the islands.{{sfnp|Hastings|Jenkins|1983|p=95}} Argentinae [[Argentine surrender in the Falklands War|surrendered on 14 Juin]] an the operation wis hailed a success, naewistaundin the daiths o 255&nbsp;Breetish servicemen an 3&nbsp;Falkland Islanders. The "[[Falklands factor]]", an economic recovery beginnin early in 1982, an a bitterly dividit opposeetion aw contreibutit tae Thatcher's seicont election veectory in [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1983|1983]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sanders|first1=David|last2=Ward|first2=Hugh|last3=Marsh|first3=David|title=Government Popularity and the Falklands War: A Reassessment|journal=British Journal of Political Science|volume=17|date=July 1987 |pages=281–313|issue=3|doi=10.1017/s0007123400004762 |ref=harv}}</ref> In September 1982 she veesitit Cheenae tae discuss wi [[Deng Xiaoping]] the [[Transfer o sovereignty ower Hong Kong|sovereignty o Hong Kong]] efter 1997. Cheenae wis the first communist state Thatcher haed veesitit an she wis the first Breetish prime meenister tae veesit Cheenae. Efter the ta-year negotiations, Thatcher concedit tae the PRC govrenment an signed the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]] in Beijing in 1984, greein tae haund ower Hong Kong's sovereignty in 1997.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=116}} Awtho sayin that she wis in favour o "peaceful negotiations" tae end [[apartheid]],<ref>See Hansard HC Debs (25 February 1988) [http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1988/feb/25/engagements#S6CV0128P0_19880225_HOC_113 vol 128 col 437] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319104336/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1988/feb/25/engagements#S6CV0128P0_19880225_HOC_113 |date=2016-03-19 }} and Written Answers HC Deb (11 July 1988) [http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1988/jul/11/south-africa#S6CV0137P0_19880711_CWA_21 vol 137 cols 3-4W] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630103039/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1988/jul/11/south-africa#S6CV0137P0_19880711_CWA_21 |date=2017-06-30 }}</ref> Thatcher stuid against the sanctions imponed on Sooth Africae bi the [[Commonweel o Naitions|Commonweel]] an the [[European Economic Commonty|EC]].{{sfnp|Campbell|2011|p=322}} Thatcher dismissed the [[African Naitional Congress]] (ANC) in October 1987 as "a typical terrorist organisation".<ref>See Mr Winnick, Hansard HC Deb (13 November 1987) vol 122 [http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1987/nov/13/the-commonwealth-and-south-africa#S6CV0122P0_19871113_HOC_85 col 701] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034325/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1987/nov/13/the-commonwealth-and-south-africa#S6CV0122P0_19871113_HOC_85 |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>{{sfnp|Howe|1994|pp=477–478}} The Thatcher govrenment supportit the [[Khmer Rouge]] keepin thair seat in the UN efter thay war oostit frae pouer in Cambodie bi the [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War]]. Awtho Thatcher denied it at the time, it wis revealed in 1991 that frae 1983 the [[Special Air Service|SAS]] wis sent tae saicretly train the "non-Communist" members o the [[Coaleetion Govrenment o Democratic Kampuchea|CGDK]] tae fecht against the Vietnamese-backed [[Fowkrepublic o Kampuchea]] govrenment.<ref>{{cite Hansard|house=House of Commons|date=26 October 1990|column_start=655|column_end=667|title=Cambodia|url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-10-26/Debate-3.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Observer|title=Butcher of Cambodia set to expose Thatcher's role|date=9 January 2000|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jan/09/cambodia|accessdate=26 May 2011}}</ref><ref name=newst>{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/politics/2014/04/how-thatcher-gave-pol-pot-hand|title=How Thatcher gave Pol Pot a hand|date=17 April 2000|first=John|last=Pilger|authorlink=John Pilger|work=[[New Statesman]]}}</ref> Thatcher an her pairty haed supportit Breetish membership o the EC in the [[Unitit Kinrick European Communities membership referendum, 1975|1975 naitional referendum]],<ref name="upi19750604">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M7QsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lQoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2825%2C608551|title=Conservatives favor remaining in market|work=Wilmington Morning Star|date=4 June 1975|agency=United Press International|accessdate=26 December 2011|page=5}}</ref> but she believed that the role o the organisation shoud be leemitit tae ensurin free tred an effective competeetion, an feared that the EC's approach wis at odds wi her views on smawer govrenment an deregulation.{{sfnp|Senden|2004|p=9}} Thatcher wis ane o the first Wastren leaders tae respond wairmly tae reformist Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. Follaein Reagan–Gorbachev summit meetins an reforms enactit bi Gorbachev in the USSR, she declared in November 1988 that "We're not in a Cold War now", but raither in a "new relationship much wider than the Cold War ever was".<ref name="reforms1988">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE2DC1738F93BA25752C1A96E948260 |title=Gorbachev Policy Has Ended The Cold War, Thatcher Says|date=18 November 1988|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=30 October 2008}}</ref> ===Challenges tae leadership an resignation=== Thatcher wis challenged for the leadership o the Conservative Pairty bi the little-kent backbench MP [[Sir Anthony Meyer, 3rd Baronet|Sir Anthony Meyer]] in the 1989 leadership election.<ref name="89election">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/5/newsid_2528000/2528339.stm|accessdate=1 November 2008|title=5 December 1989: Thatcher beats off leadership rival|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC|year=2008}}</ref> O the 374&nbsp;Conservative MPs eligible tae vote, 314 votit for Thatcher an 33 for Meyer.<ref name="89election"/> Her supporters in the pairty viewed the result as a success, an rejectit suggestions that thare wis discontent within the pairty.<ref name="89election"/> Opeenion polls in September 1990 reportit that Labour haed established a 14% lead ower the Conservatives,<ref name="howe"/> an bi November the Conservatives haed been trailin Labour for 18&nbsp;months.<ref name="ridley">{{cite news|last=Ridley|first=Matt|title=Et Tu, Heseltine?; Unpopularity Was a Grievous Fault, and Thatcher Hath Answered for It|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=25 November 1990|page=2}}</ref> Thir ratins, thegither wi Thatcher's combative personality an willinness tae owerride colleagues' opeenions, contreibuted tae discontent within her pairty.<ref name="resign-nyt"/> On 1 November 1990, [[Geoffrey Howe]], the last remeenin member o Thatcher's oreeginal 1979 cabinet, resigned frae his poseetion as [[Depute Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick|Depute Prime Meenister]] ower her refuisal tae gree tae a timetable for Breetain tae jyn the [[European Exchange Rate Mechanism]].<ref name="howe">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/1/newsid_2513000/2513953.stm|accessdate=1 November 2008|title=1 November 1990: Howe resigns over Europe policy|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC|year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Millership|first=Peter|title= Thatcher's Deputy Quits in Row over Europe |agency=Reuters News|date=1 November 1990}}</ref> His resignation pruived fatal tae Thatcher's premiership.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walters|first1=Alan|title=Sir Geoffrey Howe's resignation was fatal blow in Mrs Thatcher's political assassination|newspaper=The Times|date=5 December 1990}}</ref> On 14 November, [[Michael Heseltine]] moontit a challenge for the leadership o the Conservative Pairty.{{sfnp|Marr|2007|p=473}} Opeenion polls haed indicatit that he wad gie the Conservatives a naitional lead ower Labour.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Lipsey |title=Poll swing followed downturn by Tories; Conservative Party leadership |newspaper=The Times |date=21 November 1990}}</ref> Awtho Thatcher wan the first ballot wi 204 tae 152 votes an 16 abstentions, Heseltine haed attractit sufficient support tae force a seicont ballot. Unner pairty rules, Thatcher nae anerly needit tae win a majority, but her margin ower Heseltine haed tae be equivalent tae 15% o the 372 Conservative MPs in order tae win the leadership election ootricht; wi 54.8% against 40.9% for Heseltine, she came up fower votes short.<ref name="number-10">{{cite web|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/past-prime-ministers/margaret-thatcher|title=Margaret Thatcher profile|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> Thatcher ineetially statit that she intendit to "fight on and fight to win" the seicont ballot, but consultation wi her Cabinet persuadit her tae widraw.<ref name="resign-nyt">{{cite news |url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1438F930A15752C1A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |title=Change in Britain; Thatcher Says She'll Quit; 11½ Years as Prime Minister Ended by Party Challenge|accessdate=1 November 2008|date=23 November 1990|newspaper=The New York Times|last=Whitney|first=Craig R.}}</ref><ref name="resign-bbc">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/22/newsid_2549000/2549189.stm|title=22 November 1990: Thatcher quits as prime minister|accessdate=1 November 2008|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC|year=2008}}</ref> Efter an audience wi the Queen, cryin ither warld leaders, an makkin ane feenal Commons speech,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108256 |title=HC S: [Confidence in Her Majesty's Government] |date=22 November 1990 |publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation |accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> she left Downing Street in tears. She reportitly regairdit her oustin as a betrayal.{{sfnp|Marr|2007|p=474}} Her resignation surprised internaitional observers includin [[Henry Kissinger]] an [[Mikhail Gorbachev]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/margaret-thatcher-resignation-shocked-us-ussr-files|title=Margaret Thatcher's resignation shocked politicians in US and USSR, files show|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=30 December 2016|work=The Guardian|accessdate=30 December 2016}}</ref> Thatcher wis replaced as Prime Meenister an pairty leader bi her Chancellor [[John Major]], wha prevailed ower Heseltine in the subsequent ballot. Major owersaw an upturn in Conservative support in the 17&nbsp;months leadin up tae the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1992|1992 general election]] an led the Conservatives tae thair fowert successive veectory on 9 Apryle 1992.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/04/electionspast.past3|title=Pollsters taxed|work=The Guardian|date=4 April 2005|accessdate=23 January 2011|last=Kettle|first=Martin}}</ref> Thatcher haed favoured Major ower Heseltine in the leadership contest, but her support for him waikened in later years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/463873.stm|title=Major attacks 'warrior' Thatcher|accessdate=1 November 2008|date=3 October 1999|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> ==Later life== Thatcher returned tae the [[backbenches]] as a constituency pairlamentarian efter leavin the premiership.{{sfnp|Reitan|2003|p=118}} Her domestic appruival ratin recovered efter her resignation; the balance o public opeenion wis that her govrenment haed been guid for the kintra.<ref name="Crewe">{{cite journal |last=Crewe |first=Ivor |authorlink=Ivor Crewe |title=Margaret Thatcher: As the British Saw Her |url=https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/public-perspective/ppscan/22/22015.pdf |journal=The Public Perspective |accessdate=1 March 2017 |date=January 1991 |pages=15, 16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130164203/http://ropercenter.cornell.edu/public-perspective/ppscan/22/22015.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Margaret Thatcher (1925&ndash;2013) |url=https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/margaret-thatcher-1925-2013 |publisher=[[Ipsos MORI]] |date=8 April 2013 |accessdate=25 May 2017 |quote=At the time of her resignation in November 1990, 52% of the public said that they thought her government had been good for the country and 40% that it had been bad. |archive-date=2017-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722003205/https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/margaret-thatcher-1925-2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aged 66, she retired frae the Hoose at the 1992 general election, sayin that leavin the Commons wad allae her mair freedom tae speak her mynd.<ref name="lords">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/30/newsid_2523000/2523395.stm|title=30 June 1992: Thatcher takes her place in Lords|accessdate=1 November 2008|work=On this day 1950–2005|publisher=BBC|year=2008}}</ref> ===Post-Commons: 1992–2003=== Upon leavin the Hoose o Commons, Thatcher acame the first umwhile Prime Meenister tae set up a foondation;<ref>{{cite web|title=Thatcher Archive|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/archive/thatcher-archive.asp|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|accessdate=26 August 2013}}</ref> the Breetish weeng o the Margaret Thatcher Foundation wis dissolved in 2005 acause o financial difficulties.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/may/11/conservatives.politics|title=End of an era for Thatcher foundation|last=Barkham|first=Patrick|date=11 May 2005|work=The Guardian|accessdate=27 April 2013}}</ref> She wrote twa volumes o memoirs, ''[[The Downing Street Years]]'' (1993) an ''[[The Path to Power (Margaret Thatcher)|The Path to Power]]'' (1995). In 1991 she an her husband Denis muived tae a hoose in [[Chester Square]], a residential gairden square in central Lunnon's [[Belgravia]] destrict.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/09/margaret-thatcher-estate-family-secret|title=Margaret Thatcher's estate still a family secret|date=9 April 2013|accessdate=14 April 2013|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Thatcher wis hired bi the tobaccae company [[Altria|Philip Morris]] as a "geopoleetical consultant" in Julie 1992, for $250,000 per year an an annual contreibution o $250,000 tae her foondation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tobacco Company Hires Margaret Thatcher as Consultant |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-07-19/news/mn-4763_1_margaret-thatcher |accessdate=25 May 2017 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=19 July 1992}}</ref> In August 1992 she cried for NATO tae stap the Serbie assault on [[Goražde]] an [[Sarajevo]] tae end [[ethnic cleansin]] during the [[Bosnie War]]. She made a series o speeches in the Lairds creeticisin the [[Maastricht Treaty]],<ref name="lords"/> describing it as "a treaty too far" an statit: "I could never have signed this treaty."<ref>{{cite web|title=House of Lords European Communities (Amendment) Bill Speech|date=7 June 1993|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108314|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|accessdate=9 April 2007}}</ref> She citit [[A. V. Dicey]] when statin that as aw three main pairties war in favour o the treaty, the fowk shoud hae thair say in a referendum.<ref>{{cite web|title=House of Commons European Community debate|date=20 November 1991|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108291|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|accessdate=9 April 2007}}</ref> Rfter [[Tony Blair]]'s [[Labour Pairty (UK) leadership election, 1994|election as Labour Pairty leader]] in 1994, Thatcher praised Blair as "probably the most formidable [[Leader o the Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour leader]] since [[Hugh Gaitskell]]", addin: "I see a lot of socialism behind their front bench, but not in Mr Blair. I think he genuinely has moved."<ref>{{cite news|last=Castle|first=Stephen|title=Thatcher praises 'formidable' Blair|newspaper=The Independent|date=28 May 1995}}</ref> Blair reciprocated in describing Thatcher as a "thoroughly determined person, and that is an admirable quality".<ref>{{cite news |last=Woodward |first=Robert |title=Thatcher seen closer to Blair than Major |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gaZNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s0MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6603%2C5897694 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Thailand)|The Nation]] |date=15 March 1997 |accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> At the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2001|2001 general election]], Thatcher supportit the Conservative campaign, as she haed done in 1992 an 1997, an in the [[Conservative Pairty (UK) leadership election, 2001|Conservative leadership election]] follaein its defeat, she endorsed [[Iain Duncan Smith]] ower [[Kenneth Clarke]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Letter supporting Iain Duncan Smith for the Conservative leadership published in the ''Daily Telegraph''|date=21 August 2001|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=108390|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|accessdate=9 April 2007}}</ref> In 2002 she encouraged [[George W. Bush]] tae aggressively tackle the "unfinished business" o [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq unner Saddam Hussein]],<ref name="Thatcher NYT">{{cite news|last=Thatcher|first=Margaret|date=11 February 2002|title=Advice to a Superpower|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/11/opinion/11THAT.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=11 October 2015 }}</ref> an praised Tony Blair for his "strong, bold leadership" in staundin wi Bush in the [[Iraq War]].<ref name="Thatcher Blair Iraq">{{cite web|last=Harnden|first=Toby|date=11 December 2002|title=Thatcher praises Blair for standing firm with US on Iraq|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1415788/Thatcher-praises-Blair-for-standing-firm-with-US-on-Iraq.html|website=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=11 October 2015}}</ref> She broached the same subject in her ''[[Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World]]'', which wis published in Apryle 2002 an dedicatit tae [[Ronald Reagan]], writin that thare wad be na peace in the Middle East till [[Saddam Hussein]] wis toppled. Her beuk an aa said that Israel must tred [[laund for peace]], an that the European Union (EU) wis "fundamentally unreformable", "a classic utopian project, a monument to the vanity of intellectuals, a programme whose inevitable destiny is failure".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Glover|first1=Peter C.|last2=Economides|first2=Michael J.|title=Energy and Climate Wars: How Naive Politicians, Green Ideologues, and Media Elites are Undermining the Truth about Energy and Climate|url=https://archive.org/details/energyclimatewar0000glov|date=16 September 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=1-4411-5307-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/energyclimatewar0000glov/page/20 20]}}</ref> She argued that Breetain shoud renegotiate its terms o membership or ense [[Brexit|leave the EU]] an jyn the [[North American Free Trade Agreement|North American Free Trade Area]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2002/mar/18/uk.eu|title=Britain must quit EU, says Thatcher|last=Wintour|first=Patrick|date=18 March 2002|work=The Guardian|accessdate=8 May 2014}}</ref> Follaein several smaw strokes she wis advised bi her doctors nae tae engage in further public speakin.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Statement from the office of the Rt Hon Baroness Thatcher LG OM FRS|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|date=22 March 2002|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=109305|accessdate=9 November 2008}}</ref> On 23 Mairch 2002, she annoonced that on the advice o her doctors she wad cancel aw planned speakin engagements an accept na mair.{{sfnp|Campbell|2003|pp=796–798}} On 26 Juin 2003, Thatcher's husband [[Denis Thatcher|Sir Denis]] dee'd o [[pancreatic cancer]], an wis crematit on 3 Julie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3041546.stm|title=Lady Thatcher bids Denis farewell|accessdate=20 January 2011|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> ===Feenal years: 2003–2013=== On 11 Juin 2004, Thatcher, against doctor's orders, attendit the [[Daith an state funeral o Ronald Reagan|state funeral service for Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Thatcher: 'Reagan's life was providential'|publisher=CNN|accessdate=1 November 2008|date=11 June 2004|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/11/thatcher.transcript|archive-date=2017-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109022946/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/11/thatcher.transcript/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She delivered her eulogy via videotape; in view o her heal, the message haed been pre-recordit several months earlier.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thatcher's final visit to Reagan|accessdate=1 November 2008|date=10 June 2004|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3793565.stm|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Russell|first1=Alec|last2=Sparrow|first2=Andrew|title=Thatcher's taped eulogy at Reagan funeral|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1463874/Thatchers-taped-eulogy-at-Reagan-funeral.html|accessdate=18 July 2016|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=7 June 2004}}</ref> Thatcher flew tae [[Californie]] wi the Reagan entourage, an attendit the memorial service an interment ceremony for the preses at the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3800315.stm|accessdate=1 November 2008|date=12 June 2004|title=Private burial for Ronald Reagan|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> In early 2005 Thatcher creeticised the wey the deceesion tae [[2003 invasion o Iraq|invade Iraq]] haed been made twa years previously. Awtho she still supportit the intervention tae topple Saddam Hussein, she said that as a scientist, she wad ayeweys leuk for "facts, evidence and proof", afore committin the airmed forces.<ref name="grice">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/thatcher-reveals-her-doubts-over-basis-for-iraq-war-319542.html|title=Thatcher reveals her doubts over basis for Iraq war|last=Grice|first=Andrew|date=13 October 2005|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=22 September 2016|archive-date=2017-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040334/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/thatcher-reveals-her-doubts-over-basis-for-iraq-war-319542.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thatcher celebratit her 80t birthday at the [[Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park, Lunnon|Mandarin Oriental Hotel]] in [[Hyde Park, Lunnon|Hyde Park]], Lunnon, on 13 October 2005; guests includit the Queen, the [[Prince Philip, Duke o Edinburgh|Duke o Edinburgh]], [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]] an Tony Blair.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4329132.stm|title=Thatcher marks 80th with a speech|accessdate=1 November 2008|date=13 October 2005|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> [[Geoffrey Howe]], bi then Laird Howe o Aberavon, wis an aa present, an said o his umwhile leader: "Her real triumph was to have transformed not just one party but two, so that when Labour did eventually return, the great bulk of Thatcherism was accepted as irreversible."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4337404.stm|accessdate=1 November 2008|date=13 October 2005|title=Birthday tributes to Thatcher|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Accordin tae a later airticle in ''The Daily Telegraph'', Thatcher's dauchter Carol first revealed that her mither haed [[dementia]] in 2005, sayin that "Mum doesn't read much any more because of her memory loss&nbsp;... It's pointless. She can't remember the beginning of a sentence by the time she reaches the end".<ref name=Langley>{{cite news|last=Langley|first=William|title=Carol Thatcher, daughter of the revolution|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/profiles/2652365/Profile-Carol-Thatcher-daughter-of-the-revolution.html|accessdate=11 February 2013|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=30 August 2008}}</ref> She later recoontit hou she wis first struck bi her mither's dementia when in conversation Thatcher confuised the Falklands an Yugoslav conflicts; she recried the pyne o needin tae tell her mither repeatitly that her husband Denis wis deid.<ref name="dem-cbs">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/08/25/health/main4380977.shtml|title=Book Recounts Margaret Thatcher's Decline|accessdate=20 November 2008|date=25 August 2008|publisher=CBS|agency=Associated Press|last=Satter|first=Raphael G.}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2006, Thatcher attendit the offeecial Washington, D.C. memorial service tae commemorate the fift anniversary o the [[September 11 attacks|11 September attacks]] on the US. She wis a guest o Vice Preses [[Dick Cheney]], an met Secretar o State [[Condoleezza Rice]] during her veesit.<ref>{{cite web|title=9/11 Remembrance Honors Victims from More Than 90 Countries|accessdate=1 November 2008|publisher=United States Department of State|date=11 September 2006|url=http://montevideo.usembassy.gov/usaweb/paginas/2006/06-334EN.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922193936/http://montevideo.usembassy.gov/usaweb/paginas/2006/06-334EN.shtml|archivedate=22 September 2006}}</ref> In Februar 2007 Thatcher acame the first [[Leevin Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick|leevin Breetish prime meenister]] tae be honoured wi a [[Statue o Margaret Thatcher, Palace o Wastmeenster|statue in the Hooses o Pairlament]]. The bronze statue staunds opposite that o her poleetical hero, [[Statue o Winston Churchill, Palace o Wastmeenster|Sir Winston Churchill's]],<ref name="bronze"/> an wis unveiled on 21 Februar 2007 wi Thatcher in attendance; she made brief remerks in the [[Members' Lobby]] o the Commons: "I might have preferred iron{{snd}}but bronze will do&nbsp;... It won't rust."<ref name="bronze">{{cite news|date=21 February 2007|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6384029.stm|title=Iron Lady is honoured in bronze|accessdate=9 April 2007|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> ===Daith an funeral: 2013=== Baroness Thatcher dee'd on 8 Apryle 2013, at the age o 87, efter sufferin a stroke. She haed been stayin at a suite in [[The Ritz Hotel, London|the Ritz Hotel]] in Lunnon syne December 2012 efter haein difficulty wi stairs at her [[Chester Square]] hame in [[Belgravia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Swinford|first=Steven|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/9980269/Margaret-Thatcher-final-moments-in-hotel-without-her-family-by-her-bedside.html|title=Margaret Thatcher: final moments in hotel without her family by her bedside|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=8 April 2013}}</ref> Reactions tae the news o Thatcher's daith]] war mixed in the UK, rangin frae tributes laudin her as Breetain's greatest-ever peacetime Prime Meenister tae public celebrations o her daith an expressions o personalised vitriol.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burns|first1=John F.|last2=Cowell|first2=Alan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/world/europe/british-lawmakers-margaret-thatcher-legacy.html|url-access=limited|title=Parliament Debates Thatcher Legacy, as Vitriol Flows Online and in Streets|newspaper=The New York Times|date=10 April 2013|accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref> Details o Thatcher's funeral haed been greed wi her in advance.<ref name="Independent, 12 April 2013">{{cite news|last=Wright|first=Oliver|title=Funeral will be a 'ceremonial' service in line with Baroness Thatcher's wishes|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/funeral-will-be-a-ceremonial-service-in-line-with-baroness-thatchers-wishes-8565093.html|accessdate=12 April 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=8 April 2013}}</ref> She received a [[State funerals in the Unitit Kinrick|ceremonial funeral]], includin full militar honours, wi a kirk service at [[St Paul's Cathedral]] on 17 Apryle.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22067155|title=Ex-Prime Minister Baroness Thatcher dies, aged 87|accessdate=8 April 2013|date=8 April 2013|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="BBC News, 9 April 2013">{{cite news|title=Margaret Thatcher funeral set for next week|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22079749|accessdate=9 April 2013|publisher=BBC News|date=9 April 2013}}</ref> Queen Elizabeth II an the Duke o Edinburgh attendit her funeral,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22177366|title=Margaret Thatcher: Queen leads mourners at funeral|publisher=BBC News|date=17 April 2013|accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref> the seicont time in the Queen's reign that she haed attendit the funeral o ony o [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Queen Elizabeth II|her umwhile Prime Meenisters]] (the first bein that o [[Winston Churchill]] in 1965).<ref>{{cite news|last=Davies|first=Caroline|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/apr/10/queen-decision-lady-thatcher-funeral|title=Queen made personal decision to attend Lady Thatcher's funeral|newspaper=The Guardian|date=10 April 2013|accessdate=3 May 2013}}</ref> Efter the service at St Paul's Cathedral, Thatcher's bouk wis crematit at [[Mortlake Crematorium]], whaur her husband haed been crematit. On 28 September a service for Thatcher wis held in the Aw Saunts Chapel o the [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]]'s Margaret Thatcher Infirmary. In a private ceremony Thatcher's ess war interred in the grunds o the hospital, next tae thae o her husband.<ref name=Telegraph-20130913>{{cite news|title=Baroness Thatcher's ashes laid to rest|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/margaret-thatcher/10341402/Baroness-Thatchers-ashes-laid-to-rest.html|accessdate=28 September 2013 |newspaper=The Telegraph|date=28 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=BBC-intere>{{cite news|title=Margaret Thatcher's ashes laid to rest at Royal Hospital Chelsea|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-24316701|accessdate=28 September 2013|publisher=BBC News|date=28 September 2013}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="nb"/> ==See forby== * [[Sermon on the Mound]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ===Bibliografie=== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |title=Margaret Thatcher |url=https://archive.org/details/thatcher0000beck |first=Clare |last=Beckett |publisher=Haus Publishing |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-904950-71-4 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Margaret Thatcher: A Portrait of the Iron Lady |url=https://archive.org/details/margaretthatcher0000blun |last=Blundell |first=John |publisher=Algora |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-87586-630-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Margaret Thatcher; Volume One: The Grocer's Daughter |first=John |last=Campbell |publisher=Pimlico |year=2000 |isbn=0-7126-7418-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979–2001|first=Earl Aaron|last=Reitan |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2003 |isbn=0-7425-2203-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: A Political Marriage |url=https://archive.org/details/ronaldreaganmarg00waps_0 |first=Nicholas |last=Wapshott |publisher=Sentinel |year=2007 |isbn=1-59523-047-5 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=The Path to Power |url=https://archive.org/details/pathtopower0000that |last=Thatcher |first=Margaret |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-00-638753-4 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Beckett |first=Andy |title=When the Lights Went Out; Britain in the Seventies |url=https://archive.org/details/whenlightswentou0000andy |year=2010 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-22137-0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=The Queen and Di: The Untold Story |url=https://archive.org/details/queendiuntoldsto00sewa |first=Ingrid |last=Seward |publisher=Arcade Publishing |year=2001 |isbn=1-55970-561-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=The Downing Street Years |url=https://archive.org/details/downingstreetyea0000that_o3q4 |last=Thatcher |first=Margaret |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1993 |isbn=0-00-255354-6 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Britain since 1945: a political history|url=https://archive.org/details/britainsince19450000chil_q6m6|first=David |last=Childs |edition=6th |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-39326-3 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Politics UK |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsuk0000unse |last1=Jones |first1=Bill |last2=Kavanagh |first2=Dennis |last3=Moran |first3=Michael |publisher=Longman|edition=6 |chapter=Media organisations and the political process |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4058-2411-8 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Thornton|first=Richard C. |title=The Reagan Revolution II: Rebuilding the Western Alliance |year=2006 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=978-1-4120-1356-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last1=Floud |first1=Roderick |last2=Johnson |first2=Paul |title=The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, Volume 3 |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52738-5 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Britain Under Thatcher |url=https://archive.org/details/britainunderthat0000seld |first1=Anthony |last1=Seldon |authorlink=Anthony Seldon |first2=Daniel |last2=Collings |publisher=Longman |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-582-31714-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last1=Feigenbaum |first1=Harvey |last2=Henig |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Hamnett |first3=Chris |title=Shrinking the State: The Political Underpinnings of Privatization |url=https://archive.org/details/shrinkingstatepo0000feig |year=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63918-7 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=[[A History of Modern Britain]] |first=Andrew |last=Marr |authorlink=Andrew Marr |publisher=Pan |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-330-43983-1 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA |first=Richard |last=English|isbn=978-0-19-517753-4 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Moloney|first=Ed|title=A Secret History of the IRA|url=https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofi00molo|year=2002|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=0-393-32502-4 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Cochrane |first=Feargal |title=Unionist Politics and the Politics of Unionism Since the Anglo-Irish Agreement |url=https://archive.org/details/unionistpolitics0000coch |year=2001 |publisher=Cork University Press |isbn=1-85918-259-3 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Battles of the Falklands War |first=Gordon |last=Smith |publisher=I. Allan |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-7110-1792-4 |url=http://www.naval-history.net/NAVAL1982FALKLANDS.htm |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Jackling |first=Roger |contribution=The Impact of the Falklands Conflict on Defence Policy |authorlink=Roger Jackling |editor1-last=Badsey |editor1-first=Stephen |editor2-last=Grove |editor2-first=Mark |editor3-last=Havers |editor3-first=Rob |title=The Falklands Conflict Twenty Years On: Lessons for the Future (Sandhurst Conference Series) |year=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35030-3 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Battle for the Falklands |url=https://archive.org/details/battleforfalklan0000hast |first1=Max |last1=Hastings |first2=Simon |last2=Jenkins |authorlink1=Max Hastings |authorlink2=Simon Jenkins |publisher=Norton |year=1983 |isbn=0-393-30198-2 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Conflict of Loyalty |url=https://archive.org/details/conflictofloyalt0000howe |authorlink=Geoffrey Howe |first=Geoffrey |last=Howe |publisher=Macmillan |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-333-59283-0 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |title=Soft Law in European Community Law |url=https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.341.2422.sen.21081 |first=Linda |last=Senden |publisher=Hart Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=1-84113-432-5 |ref=harv}} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thatcher, Margaret}} [[Category:1925 births]] [[Category:2013 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis writers]] [[Category:20t-century weemen writers]] [[Category:21st-century weemen writers]] [[Category:Attemptit assassination survivors]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) life peers]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Inglis non-feection writers]] [[Category:Inglis weemen writers]] [[Category:Female heids o govrenment]] [[Category:Female members o the Cabinet o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Inglis constituencies]] [[Category:Leaders o the Conservative Pairty (UK)]] [[Category:Leaders o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)]] [[Category:Members o the Order o Meerit]] [[Category:Members o the Privy Cooncil o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Preses o the European Cooncil]] [[Category:Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Dames Grand Cross o the Ryal Order o Francesco I]] 7s17og2jni9ll9t7an0r2l4f5m6wcp7 0 69846 924907 831734 2026-10-20T17:15:45Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Nogales | nickname = | image_flag = Bandera de Nogales (Badajoz).svg| image_seal = Escudo de Nogales (Badajoz).svg| image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Spain | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Spain]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Extremadura]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Badajoz|Badajoz]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas o Spain|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Llanos de Olivenza]] | leader_title = Alcaldesa| leader_name = María de la Concepción Sayago Felipe| area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 80.7 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_m = 672 | population_as_of = 2007 | population_note = | population_total = 692 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|38|35|46|N|6|54|26|W|display=inline}} | latitude = | longitude = | website = [http://www.ayuntamientodenogales.com/ Ayuntamiento de Nogales] | footnotes = | }} '''Nogales''' is a [[Spain]]gie [[Leet o municipalities in Badajoz|municipality]] in the [[province o Badajoz]], [[Extremadura]]. It haes a population o 692 (2007) an a aurie o 80.7&nbsp;km². ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.ayuntamientodenogales.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509160732/http://www.ayuntamientodenogales.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }} {{es icon}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100629212626/http://www.dip-badajoz.es/municipios/municipio_dinamico/inicio/index_inicio.php?codigo=105 Profile] {{es icon}} {{Municipalities in Badajoz}} [[Category:Municipalities in the Province o Badajoz]] [[Category:Populatit places in the Province o Badajoz]] 849mtdvuv7t54q7rns9m1ceomhkms2y 0 80326 924890 850909 2026-10-20T12:43:46Z Makenzis 43742 924890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Crewe Alexandra | image = | fullname = Crewe Alexandra Football Club | nickname = The Railwaymen, The Alex | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1877}} (as Crewe) | ground = [[Gresty Road]], [[Crewe]] | capacity = 10,153 | chairman = [[John Bowler (chairman)|John Bowler]] | manager = [[David Artell]] | league = {{English football updater|CreweAle}} | season = {{English football updater|CreweAle2}} | position = {{English football updater|CreweAle3}} | website = http://www.crewealex.net/ | pattern_la1 = _whiteborder | pattern_b1 = _vneckwhite | pattern_ra1 = _whiteborder | pattern_sh1 = _redbottom | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FF0000 | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FF0000 <!-- Away kit --> | pattern_la2 = _whiteborder | pattern_b2 = _vneckwhite | pattern_ra2 = _whiteborder | pattern_sh2 = _whitebottom | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000FF | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF }} '''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|uː|_|æ|l|ɨ|ɡ|ˈ|z|æ|n|d|r|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|-|ˈ|z|ɑː|n|-}}) is a profeesional association fitbaw club based in [[Crewe]], Cheshire, Ingland. Nicknamed '''The Railwaymen''' due tae the toun's [[Crewe Works|links wi the rail industry]], they play in [[Football League One]], the third tier in the [[Inglish fitbaw league seestem]], an are based at [[Gresty Road]]. ==Honours== *'''[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]]''' ** Play-aff winners: [[:en:1997 Football League Second Division play-off Final|1997]] *'''[[Football League Two|League Two]]''' ** Play-aff winners: [[:en:2012 Football League Two play-off Final|2012]] *'''[[Milk Cup]]''' **Premier section winners 1987, 1999 **Junior section winners 1990, 1998 *'''[[Cheshire Senior Cup]]''' **Winner 1910, 1912, 1913, 1923, 2002, 2003 *'''[[Welsh Cup]]''' **Winner 1936, 1937 *'''[[Cheshire Premier Cup]]''' **Winner 2009, 2010 *'''[[Football League Trophy]]''' **Winner 2013 ==References== {{Reflist|33em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{BBC Football Info|BBClinkname=c/crewe_alexandra}} *[http://www.crewealex.net Offeecial wabsteid] *[http://www.soccerbase.com/footballlive/?MIval=teams2&teamid=652 Crewe Alexandra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040426225934/http://www.soccerbase.com/footballlive/?MIval=teams2&teamid=652 |date=2004-04-26 }} Soccerbase {{Coord|53|5|14|N|2|26|8|W|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Crewe Alexandra F.C.]] [[Category:Crewe]] [[Category:Football League clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Cheshire]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1877]] [[Category:1877 establishments in Ingland]] 0tqqr3w6112v9fa3a9txm19qw50wdi0 924916 924890 2026-10-20T21:36:22Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 924916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Crewe Alexandra | fullname = Crewe Alexandra Football Club | nickname = The Railwaymen, The Alex | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1877}} (as Crewe) | ground = [[Gresty Road]], [[Crewe]] | capacity = 10,153 | chairman = [[John Bowler (chairman)|John Bowler]] | manager = [[David Artell]] | league = {{English football updater|CreweAle}} | season = {{English football updater|CreweAle2}} | position = {{English football updater|CreweAle3}} | website = http://www.crewealex.net/ | pattern_la1 = _whiteborder | pattern_b1 = _vneckwhite | pattern_ra1 = _whiteborder | pattern_sh1 = _redbottom | leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FF0000 | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FF0000 | pattern_la2 = _whiteborder | pattern_b2 = _vneckwhite | pattern_ra2 = _whiteborder | pattern_sh2 = _whitebottom | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000FF | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF }} '''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|uː|_|æ|l|ɨ|ɡ|ˈ|z|æ|n|d|r|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|-|ˈ|z|ɑː|n|-}}) is a profeesional association fitbaw club based in [[Crewe]], Cheshire, Ingland. Nicknamed '''The Railwaymen''' due tae the toun's [[Crewe Works|links wi the rail industry]], they play in [[Football League One]], the third tier in the [[Inglish fitbaw league seestem]], an are based at [[Gresty Road]]. ==Honours== *'''[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]]''' ** Play-aff winners: [[:en:1997 Football League Second Division play-off Final|1997]] *'''[[Football League Two|League Two]]''' ** Play-aff winners: [[:en:2012 Football League Two play-off Final|2012]] *'''[[Milk Cup]]''' **Premier section winners 1987, 1999 **Junior section winners 1990, 1998 *'''[[Cheshire Senior Cup]]''' **Winner 1910, 1912, 1913, 1923, 2002, 2003 *'''[[Welsh Cup]]''' **Winner 1936, 1937 *'''[[Cheshire Premier Cup]]''' **Winner 2009, 2010 *'''[[Football League Trophy]]''' **Winner 2013 ==References== {{Reflist|33em}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{BBC Football Info|BBClinkname=c/crewe_alexandra}} *[http://www.crewealex.net Offeecial wabsteid] *[http://www.soccerbase.com/footballlive/?MIval=teams2&teamid=652 Crewe Alexandra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040426225934/http://www.soccerbase.com/footballlive/?MIval=teams2&teamid=652 |date=2004-04-26 }} Soccerbase {{Coord|53|5|14|N|2|26|8|W|type:landmark|display=title}} [[Category:Crewe Alexandra F.C.]] [[Category:Crewe]] [[Category:Football League clubs]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Cheshire]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1877]] [[Category:1877 establishments in Ingland]] p5xt0990gk5f175p2s3z3opo28wvlxz 0 87958 924894 616086 2026-10-20T13:49:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924894 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Puerto Arminza.jpg|thumb|The fishin port o Armintza.]] '''Lemoiz''' ('''Lemóniz''' is the auld Spaingie name) is a toun an [[municipality]] locatit in the province o [[Biscay]], in the autonomous commonty o [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Kintra]], northren [[Spain]]. It haes a population o aboot 1000. [[Image:Lemoizko zentrala.jpg|thumb|The unfeenished pouer plant.]] It wis chosen as the steid o the [[Lemoniz Nuclear Pouer Plant]], but the construction wis left unfeenished efter ecologist opposition an [[ETA]] attacks. ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category}} * [http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/92504 LEMOIZ in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] {{es icon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724102741/http://www.armintza.com/ Pictures frae Armintza, a smaw fishin veelage locatit in Lemoiz] {{es icon}} {{Bizkaia}} {{coord|43|24|41|N|2|54|8|W|source:frwiki_region:ES_scale:200000|format=dms|display=title}} [[Category:Municipalities in Biscay]] [[Category:Populatit places in Biscay]] {{basqueCountry-geo-stub}} rxq76wryvh5sqd5nqgdkdvsr1ckov0g 0 91569 924911 920392 2026-10-20T18:28:59Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Percy Sledge Alabama Music Hall of Fame (cropped).jpg|thumb|Percy Sledge Alabama Muisic Hall o Fame (croppit)]] '''Percy Sledge''' (25 November 1940 &ndash; 14 Aprile 2015) wis an American [[R&B]] sangster. He wis born in [[Leighton, Alabama|Leighton]], [[Alabama]]. He wis best kent fur his sang "When a Man Loves a Woman". Sledge dee'd o [[liver cancer]] in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], aged 74.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/arts/music/percy-sledge-who-sang-when-a-man-loves-a-woman-dies-at-74.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0|title=Percy Sledge, Who Sang 'When a Man Loves a Woman', Dies at 74|publisher=[[New York Times]].com|accessdate=April 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Tom|title=Muscle Shoals music icon Percy Sledge dies|url=http://www.timesdaily.com/news/local/muscle-shoals-music-icon-percy-sledge-dies/article_b245a249-176b-57e6-b4a2-5fc97c142f00.html|work=Times Daily|date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120025259/https://www.timesdaily.com/news/local/muscle-shoals-music-icon-percy-sledge-dies/article_b245a249-176b-57e6-b4a2-5fc97c142f00.html|archive-date=2020-11-20|access-date=2015-04-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commonscat-inline}} *{{IMDb name|id=1429510|name=Percy Sledge}} *[http://www.discogs.com/artist/Percy+Sledge Percy Sledge] at [[Discogs]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sledge, Percy}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:2015 daiths]] [[Category:Daiths frae liver cancer]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Alabama]] tp4liijoi0ssf8xfwio0pqjxhub0ctn 0 130625 924888 919778 2026-10-20T12:10:51Z Kontributor 2K 105726 img shield @exact file 924888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Pyrénées-Orientales | native_name_lang = fr | type = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]] | image_skyline = Perpignan - Préfecture 2.jpg | image_caption = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]] biggin o the Pyrénées-Orientales depairtment, in Perpignan | image_flag = Flag of the Department of Pyrénées-Orientales.svg | image_shield = Blason département fr Pyrénées-Orientales.svg | image_map = Pyrénées-Orientales-Position.svg | map_caption = Location o Pyrénées-Orientales in Fraunce | coordinates = {{coord|42|30|N|2|45|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Fraunce]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Occitanie (admeenistrative region)|Occitanie]] | seat_type = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]] | seat = [[Perpignan]] | parts_type = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]] | parts_style = para | p1 = [[Céret]]<br>[[Prades (Pyrénées-Orientales)|Prades]] | leader_title = [[Preses o the general cooncil|Preses o the General Cooncil]] | leader_name = [[Hermeline Malherbe-Laurent]] | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}} | area_total_km2 = 4116 | population_total = 437157 | population_as_of = 2007 | population_rank = [[Leet o French depairtments bi population|57t]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = Minority leids: [[Catalan leid|Catalan]] an [[Occitan]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment nummer]] | blank_info_sec1 = 66 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements o Fraunce|Arrondissements]] | blank_info_sec2 = [[arrondissements o the Pyrénées-Orientales depairtment|3]] | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]] | blank1_info_sec2 = [[cantons o the Pyrénées-Orientales depairtment|17]] | blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]] | blank2_info_sec2 = [[communes o the Pyrénées-Orientales depairtment|226]] | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], an lochs, ponds, an glaciers lairger nor 1 km² }} '''Pyrénées-Orientales''' ({{IPA-fr|piʁene(z)ɔʁjɑ̃tal}}; {{lang-ca|Pirineus Orientals}}; {{lang-oc|Pirenèus Orientals}}, {{IPA-oc|piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals|}}; {{lang-sco|Eastren Pyrenees|link=yes}}) are a [[depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] o soothren [[Fraunce]] adjacent tae the northren [[Spainie]] frontier an the [[Mediterrane Sea]]. {{Depairtments o Fraunce}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pyrenees-Orientales}} [[Category:Pyrénées-Orientales| ]] [[Category:Northren Catalonie]] [[Category:1790 establishments in Fraunce]] [[Category:Depairtments o Languedoc-Roussillon]] mofwdhjbzx5vau0z0uyt9smopdkk1td 0 138249 924912 891492 2026-10-20T19:05:26Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Puebla de la Calzada | nickname = | image_flag = Bandera de Puebla de la Calzada.svg| image_seal = Escudo de Puebla de la Calzada.svg| image_map = | map_caption = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Spain]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Extremadura]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Province o Badajoz|Badajoz]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas o Spain|Comarca]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Tierra de Mérida - Vegas Bajas]] | leader_title = Alcalde| leader_name = Juan Antonio González Gracia| area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 14.2 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | elevation_m = 191 | population_as_of = 2007 | population_note = | population_total = 5,685 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | latitude = | longitude = | website = [http://www.puebladelacalzada.es/ Ayuntamiento de Puebla de la Calzada] | footnotes = | }} '''Puebla de la Calzada''' is a [[Spain]]gie [[Leet o municipalities in Badajoz|municipality]] in the [[province o Badajoz]], [[Extremadura]]. It haes a population o 5,685 (2007) an a aurie o 14.2&nbsp;km². ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.puebladelacalzada.es/ Offeecial websteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115010329/http://www.puebladelacalzada.es/ |date=2021-01-15 }} {{es icon}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231821/http://www.dip-badajoz.es/municipios/municipio_dinamico/inicio/index_inicio.php?codigo=117 Profile] {{es icon}} {{Municipalities in Badajoz}} {{Coord|38|54|N|6|37|W|type:city|display=title}} [[Category:Municipalities in the Province o Badajoz]] [[Category:Populatit places in the Province o Badajoz]] {{Extremadura-geo-stub}} h3umb3mj88rv3ur5mg6bn6l33r4ygl4 0 149267 924901 918787 2026-10-20T15:00:35Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Mark González | image = Mark González 11.jpg | image_size = 240 | caption = González trainin wi [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]] in 2011 | fullname = Mark Dennis González Hoffmann | height = {{height|m=1.76}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|07|10}} | birth_place = [[Durban]], Sooth Africae | currentclub = [[Deportes Magallanes|Magallanes]] | clubnumber = 11 | position = [[Midfielder#Winger|Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = SG Borken | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = [[Club Deportivo Universidad Católica|Universidad Católica]] | years1 = 2002–2004 | caps1 = 42 | goals1 = 13 | clubs1 = [[Club Deportivo Universidad Católica|Universidad Católica]] | years2 = 2004–2006 | caps2 = 25 | goals2 = 5 | clubs2 = [[Albacete Balompié|Albacete]] | years3 = 2006–2007 | caps3 = 25 | goals3 = 2 | clubs3 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | years4 = 2006 | caps4 = 16 | goals4 = 6 | clubs4 = → [[Real Sociedad]] (loan) | years5 = 2007–2009 | caps5 = 44 | goals5 = 10 | clubs5 = [[Real Betis|Betis]] | years6 = 2009–2014 | caps6 = 49 | goals6 = 6 | clubs6 = [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]] | years7 = 2014–2015 | caps7 = 41 | goals7 = 14 | clubs7 = [[Club Deportivo Universidad Católica|Universidad Católica]] | years8 = 2016 | caps8 = 8 | goals8 = 1 | clubs8 = [[Sport Club do Recife|Sport Recife]] | years9 = 2017 | caps9 = 4 | goals9 = 0 | clubs9 = [[Colo-Colo]] | years10 = 2018– | caps10 = 0 | goals10 = 0 | clubs10 = [[Deportes Magallanes|Magallanes]] | nationalyears1 = 2004 | nationalcaps1 = 7 | nationalgoals1 = 2 | nationalteam1 = [[Chile U23]] | nationalyears2 = 2003–2016 | nationalcaps2 = 56 | nationalgoals2 = 6 | nationalteam2 = [[Chile naitional fitbaw team|Chile]] | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{CHI}}}} {{Medal|W|[[Copa América Centenario]]|[[Copa América Centenario|2016]]}} | club-update = 1 Februar 2018 | nationalteam-update = 18 Julie 2016 }} {{spanish name 2|González|Hoffmann}} '''Mark Dennis González Hoffmann''' (born 10 Julie 1984) is a Chilean [[fitbaw]]er that plays for Chilean club [[Deportes Magallanes|Magallanes]]. He haes forbye played tap-flicht fitbaw in Roushie, Spain an Ingland. He wis descrieved bi [[José Mari Bakero]], the sportin director o [[Real Sociedad]], ane o his umwhile clubs, as "fast an explosive, the classic left winger but wi technical discipline",<ref name=Diarioas>{{cite news|last=Ramajo|first=Roberto|title=Viáfara y Mark González están listos para debutar el domingo|trans_title=Viáfara and mark González are ready to debut on Sunday|url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2006/02/01/mas_futbol/1138778847_850215.html|accessdate=21 May 2014|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|date=1 February 2006|language=Spanish}}</ref> while he haes claimit hissel that his speed is his greatest asset.<ref name=Merca/> He made his internaitional debut in 2003, an wis selectit in [[Chile naitional fitbaw team|Chile]]'s squads for three [[Copa América]] toornaments an the [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010 Warld Cup]]. ==Early life== González wis born in [[Durban]], Sooth Africae. His faither Raúl wis a profeesional fitbawer for [[Bush Bucks|Durban Bush Bucks]], an named him efter his friends an fellae fitbawers [[Mark Tovey]] an [[Dennis Wicks]]. He left Sooth Africae aged 10 in 1994 an flittit back tae Chile wi his mither.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/sport/football/chilean-gonzalez-grew-up-in-the-apartheid-regime-1.639110 |title=Gonzalez grew up in the apartheid regime|date=10 June 2010|publisher=Gulf News|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iol.co.za/sport/liverpool-winger-made-and-named-in-sa-1.558077|title= Liverpool winger 'made and named in SA'|first=Ian|last=Sadler|date=24 May 2006|accessdate=2 October 2014 |work= iol.co.za}}</ref> ==Club career== ===Liverpool=== González haed greit a muive tae [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] on lend for the 2005–06 saison (wi a view tae a permanent £1.5 million muive) frae [[Albacete Balompié|Albacete]]. Housomeivver, he wis denied a [[wirk permit]] bi the Depairtment o Eddication an Employment in August 2005. The Liverpool management shawed muckle feth in González, pursuin his services despite wirk permit troubles an a [[cruciate ligament|cruciate knee ligament]] injury. Efter a quicker-than-expectit return tae fitness, Liverpool wur persuadit tae mak the muive permanent in October 2005, but the player wis immediately lent back tae Albacete tae continue his recuperation efter a appeal agin the earlier wirk permit decision wis rejectit (a new wirk permit application can anerly be put forrit ane year efter the oreeginal application). Arrangements wur then made for the player tae spend a lend spell at [[Real Sociedad]] till simmer 2006. ====Real Sociedad (lend)==== González wis presentit on lend at [[Real Sociedad]] on 30 Januar 2006, till 30 Juin, alangside [[Jhon Viáfara]], whae the club haed lent frae [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]].<ref name=Diarioas/><ref name=Merca>{{cite news|last=Cendero|first=Javier|title=La Real Sociedad presenta a Viáfara y Mark González|trans_title=Real Sociedad present Viáfara and Mark González]|url=http://www.mercafutbol.com/la-real-sociedad-presenta-viafara-mark-gonzalez-15730/|accessdate=21 May 2014|publisher=Merca Futbol|date=30 January 2006|language=Spanish|archive-date=2017-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730131447/http://www.mercafutbol.com/la-real-sociedad-presenta-viafara-mark-gonzalez-15730/|url-status=dead}}</ref> González said that at Sociedad he wad aim tae impruive his tactical play.<ref name=Merca/> At Sociedad, González put in some guid performances, maist notably against [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]], against whom he scored Sociedad's equaliser as the gemme feenished 1–1. He played 16 league gemmes for Sociedad an scored five goals. Sociedad showed interest in takkin him permanently, alang wi several ither [[La Liga]] clubs, but González is quotit tae hae said, "A am vera thankful tae Real Sociedad an their coach José Mari Bakero, but whilk they'd like me tae stay A'm goin tae Ingland tae jyn Liverpool."<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11669/2376264/gonzalez-committed-to-reds|title= Gonzalez committed to Reds|date=10 May 2006|accessdate=2 October 2014 |publisher= Sky Sports}}</ref> ====Return tae Liverpool==== On 5 Julie 2006, González wis grantit a wirk permit, an wis alloued tae stairt his Liverpool career, wearin the nummer 11 sark. His manager, [[Rafael Benítez]], said, "This is very good news for us and I am absolutely delighted to welcome Mark González to Liverpool as he is a player the supporters will like to see." González made his first appearance as a hauf-time substitute for fellae debutant [[Fábio Aurélio]] in a pre-season friendly away against [[Crewe Alexandra F.C.|Crewe Alexandra]] on 22 Julie.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crewe Alexandra 0-1 Liverpool|url=http://www.liverweb.org.uk/report.asp?rec_id=69|publisher=Liverweb|access-date=2016-06-29|archive-date=2012-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716200025/http://www.liverweb.org.uk/report.asp?rec_id=69|url-status=dead}}</ref> González made his competitive debut on 9 August 2006 against Israeli side [[Maccabi Haifa F.C.|Maccabi Haifa]], comin aff the bench in the 85t minute for [[Steven Gerrard]] an scorin an 88t-minute winner in Liverpool's Champions League 3rd Roond Qualifeer tae seal a 2–1 win.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/5255220.stm |title=Liverpool 2–1 Maccabi Haifa |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=9 August 2006 |accessdate=3 November 2009}}</ref> He scored his first [[Premier League]] goal in Liverpool's 3–0 win ower [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] on his first league stairt for the club on 23 September.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/5351884.stm |title=Liverpool 3–0 Tottenham |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=23 September 2006 |accessdate=3 November 2009 |first=Phil |last=McNulty}}</ref> He scored juist ance mair for Liverpool, in a 4–0 win ower [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] on 10 Dizember.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/6201456.stm |title=Liverpool 4–0 Fulham |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=10 December 2006 |accessdate=3 November 2009 |first=John |last=Sinnott}}</ref> González wis injured inside the first ten minutes o the quairter-feenals o the [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] against [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] on 9 Januar 2007 as a result o challenge on [[Theo Walcott]]. He wis broucht aff on a stretcher for [[Luis García (fitbawer, born 1978)|Luis García]], who wis forbye taken aff injured later in the match as Liverpool lost 3&ndash;6.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lyon|first=Sam|title=Liverpool 3-6 Arsenal|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/6236687.stm|accessdate=21 May 2014|newspaper=[[BBC Sport]]|date=9 January 2007}}</ref> He played his last gemme for Liverpool on 5 Mey 2007 against Fulham in a 1–0 defeat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lfchistory.net/viewgame.asp?game_Id=5030|title=Fulham 1–0 Liverpool|date=|work=LFCHistory.net|accessdate=24 February 2010|archive-date=2007-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213194934/http://www.lfchistory.net/viewgame.asp?game_id=5030|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Real Betis=== On 24 Mey 2007, Rafael Benítez confirmed that Liverpool haed awmaist reached an agreement wi [[Real Betis]] ower the Chilean winger.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/latest-news/gonzalez-set-to-leave-reds|title= González set to leave Reds|date= 24 May 2007|accessdate= 2 October 2014|work= Report on liverpoolfc.tv|archive-date= 2014-10-06|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006112933/http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/latest-news/gonzalez-set-to-leave-reds|url-status= dead}}</ref> On 12 Juin, González confirmed that he haed signed a contract for £5 million wi [[Real Betis]], who presented him tae the press an fans on 17 Julie 2007. He went on tae score on his home debut wi a penalty goal in the 1–0 victory ower Champions League holders [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] in the Centenary Match in front o 55,000 fans. González scored in a famous 2–1 victory ower heich-fleein Real Madrid tae steer Betis oot o the relegation zone in La Liga. He ultimately scored ten goals in 44 first-team appearances for the club. Betis received an offer o €11 million frae an unnamed club in Julie 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/noticias/ultimahora.html?id=4740|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616201849/http://www.realbetisbalompie.es/noticias/ultimahora.html?id=4740|archivedate=2011-06-16|title=Offer for Betis duo|date=16 July 2008|accessdate=16 July 2008|work=Report on /www.realbetisbalompie.es|url-status=live}}</ref> ===CSKA Moscow=== [[File:Markgonzalez.jpg|thumb|González in action against [[Inter Milan]] in the Champions League in Apryle 2010]] In Juin 2009, follaein the relegation o Real Betis, Greek dooble hauders [[Olympiacos F.C.|Olympiacos]] made a affer o €3 million tae secur him a stairtin eleiven poseetion in thair squad for the fortcomin [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]], but [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]] offered €6.5 million an on 11 August 2009, he signed a five-year deal wi the Russian club.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2009/08/11/1434886/official-cska-moscow-sign-betis-winger-mark-gonzalez|title=Official: CSKA Moscow Sign Betis Winger Mark Gonzalez|last=Mira|first=Luís|date=11 August 2009|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=15 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/team-news/PFC-CSKA-sign-Mark-Gonzalez-3/|title=PFC CSKA sign Mark Gonzalez|date=12 August 2009|publisher=PFC CSKA Moscow|accessdate=2 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309183508/http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/team-news/PFC-CSKA-sign-Mark-Gonzalez-3/|archive-date=2016-03-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> He debuted for the club on 16 August 2009 in a [[Roushie Premier League|league]] match awa tae [[FC Lokomotiv Moscow|Lokomotiv Moscow]]. On 6 December 2010, it wis reportit that he haed been accuised o [[rape]] in [[Moscow]]. Houiver, later the same day the investigators annoonced that the accuised wis an unrelated Portuguese ceetizen named Mario Gonzalez, allegedly a professional fitbawer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1553040&NodesID=6|title=Footballer was accused of rape too soon|last=Zheglov|first=Aleksandr|date=6 December 2010|publisher=[[Kommersant]]|accessdate=6 December 2010}}</ref> On 21 Januar 2014, CSKA annooncit that González haed left thaim tae jyn [[Club Deportivo Universidad Católica|Universidad Católica]] in Chile on lend.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mark Gonzalez joins Universidad Catolica on loan, Jesus will continue career in Mexico|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/club-news/Mark-Gonzalez-joins-Universidad-Catolica-on-loan-Jesus-will-continue-career-in-Mexico-4/|website=pfc-cska.com/en/|accessdate=2 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309183409/http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/club-news/Mark-Gonzalez-joins-Universidad-Catolica-on-loan-Jesus-will-continue-career-in-Mexico-4/|archive-date=2016-03-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Dizember 2014, González haed his CSKA contract terminatit bi mutual consent.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ru:Марк Гонсалес покинул ПФК ЦСКА|url=http://pfc-cska.com/novosti/vse-novosti/novosti-osnovy/mark-gonzalez-pokinul-pfk-cska/|website=pfc-cska.com|publisher=[[PFC CSKA Moscow]]|accessdate=30 December 2014|language=Roushie|date=24 December 2014}}</ref> ===Universidad Católica=== Oreeginally a lend, González jyned his first professional club Universidad Católica in Chile in Januar 2015 efter spendin ten years abroad. Efter the mutual termination o his contract at CSKA, he jyned Católica on a permanent muive as a [[free agent]]. He helpit the team wi nine goals in the campaign, which Católica wan. It wis forbye González's first [[Chilean Primera División|Primera División]] win efter previously feenishing seicont in the 2002 Clausura.<ref>{{cite web|title=Estatísticas Mark Gonzalez|url=http://www.futebol.com/chile/perfil-de-mark-gonzalez-34233.html|website=futebol.com|accessdate=17 July 2015|language=Spanish|archive-date=2016-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910123757/http://www.futebol.com/chile/perfil-de-mark-gonzalez-34233.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=M. González|url=http://nr.soccerway.com/players/mark-dennis-gonzalez-hoffmann/2973/|website=Soccerway.com|accessdate=17 July 2015|archive-date=2016-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531213322/http://nr.soccerway.com/players/mark-dennis-gonzalez-hoffmann/2973/|url-status=dead}}</ref> González signed a new ane-year deal wi Católica for the 2015–16 saison.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mark González renueva su contrato por dos años más con Universidad Católica|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/Deportes/2015/06/22/722709/Mark-Gonzalez-renueva-su-contrato-por-dos-anos-mas-con-Universidad-Catolica.html|accessdate=17 July 2015|work=emol Deportes|date=22 June 2015|language=Spanish}}</ref> ===Sport Recife === On 4 Januar 2016, González rescindit his contract at Universidad Católica an jyned Brazilian club [[Sport Club do Recife|Sport Recife]] for the next twa years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sport Recife confirma la llegada de Mark González por dos años|url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/deportes/2016/01/656-662646-9-sport-recife-confirma-la-llegada-de-mark-gonzalez-por-dos-anos.shtml|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=La Tercera|date=4 January 2016|language=Spanish|archive-date=2016-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105035433/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/deportes/2016/01/656-662646-9-sport-recife-confirma-la-llegada-de-mark-gonzalez-por-dos-anos.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> He made his debut on the 31st, playin the full 90 minutes as thay lost 1–0 at [[Salgueiro Atlético Clube]] in the first gemme o [[2016 Campeonato Pernambucano|the year's]] [[Campeonato Pernambucano]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sport perde para o Salgueiro na estreia do Pernambucano|trans_title=Sport lose to Salgueiro at the start of the Pernambucano|url=http://jconline.ne10.uol.com.br/canal/esportes/sport/noticia/2016/01/31/sport-perde-para-o-salgueiro-na-estreia-do-pernambucano-219348.php|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=UOL|language=Portuguese|archive-date=2016-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320094531/http://jconline.ne10.uol.com.br/canal/esportes/sport/noticia/2016/01/31/sport-perde-para-o-salgueiro-na-estreia-do-pernambucano-219348.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> He played anly ane mair game afore bein sidelined for a month bi a thigh injury.<ref>{{cite news|title=Após um mês afastado por lesão, Mark González deve voltar ao time do Sport|trans_title=After a month ruled out by injury, Mark González must return to Sport's team|url=http://esporteinterativo.com.br/futebol-nordeste/apos-um-mes-afastado-por-lesao-mark-gonzalez-deve-voltar-ao-time-do-sport/|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=Esporte Interativo|date=18 March 2016|language=Portuguese}}</ref> ==Internaitional career== Born in Sooth Africae, he is eligible tae play for baith Chile an [[Sooth Africae naitional fitbaw team|Sooth Africae]], but he chose Chile insteid. On 21 Juin 2010, González scored the anerly goal o the gemme for Chile against Swisserland durin the group stage o the [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup]] in his birthplace Sooth Africae, heidin in a cross frae [[Esteban Paredes]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Young|first=Colin|title=WORLD CUP 2010: Chile 1 Switzerland 0: Behrami bitter as the Swiss choke on Chile|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2010/article-1288386/WORLD-CUP-2010-Chile-1-Switzerland-0-Mark-Gonzalez-header-breaks-10-man-Swiss-resistance.html|accessdate=21 May 2014|newspaper=[[Daily Mail]]|date=22 June 2010}}</ref> He wis namit in the preliminar squad for the [[2015 Copa America]] but wis omittit frae the feenal squad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sampaoli confirms final Chile squad for Copa America|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/82/south-america/2015/06/01/12292782/sampaoli-confirms-final-chile-squad-for-copa-america|accessdate=17 November 2015|publisher=goal.com|date=1 June 2015}}</ref> The follaein year he wis no initially namit in Chile's [[Copa América Centenario]] squad, but wis cried up when [[Matías Fernández]] athdrew frae injury.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sampaoli confirms final Chile squad for Copa America|url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/gonzalez-replaces-fernandez-chiles-copa-america-squad|accessdate=27 June 2016|publisher=fourfourtwo.com|date=2 June 2016}}</ref> Chile went on tae win the toornament. ===Internaitional goals=== :''Scores an results leet Chile's goal tally first.'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%" |+ ! # !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competeetion |- | 1. || 11 Juin 2003|| [[Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano]], [[San Pedro Sula]], [[Honduras]] || {{fb|HON}} ||align="center"| '''1'''–1 ||align="center"| 2–1 || [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- | 2. || 30 Mairch 2004|| [[Estadio Hernando Siles]], La Paz, [[Bolivie]] || {{fb|BOL}} ||align="center"| '''2'''–0 ||align="center"| 2–0 || [[2006 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|FIFA Warld Cup qualifeer]] |- | 3. || 9 Februar 2005|| [[Estadio Sausalito]], [[Viña del Mar]], [[Chile]] || {{fb|ECU}} ||align="center"| '''1'''–0 ||align="center"| 3–0 || Friendly |- | 4. || 21 Juin 2010 || [[Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium]], [[Port Elizabeth]], Sooth Africae || {{fb|SUI}} ||align="center"| '''1'''–0 ||align="center"| 1–0 || [[2010 FIFA Warld Cup|2010 Warld Cup]] |- | 5. || rowspan=2 | 28 Januar 2015 || rowspan=2 | [[Estadio El Teniente]], [[Rancagua]], Chile || rowspan=2 | {{fb|USA}} ||align="center"| '''2'''–2 ||rowspan=2 align="center"| 3–2 || rowspan=2 | Friendly |- | 6. || align="center" | '''3'''–2 |} ==Personal life== González began datin Chilean televeesion personality an model [[Maura Rivera]] in 2008, an thay marriet in 2010. Thay hae ane son, Mark González, Jr.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zeleb.cl/n/los-seis-anos-de-amor-de-maura-rivera-y-mark-gonzalez-012202|title=Los seis años de amor de Maura Rivera y Mark González|trans_title=The six years of love between Maura Rivera and Mark González|language=Spanish|date=12 May 2015|publisher=Zeleb.cl|accessdate=17 July 2015|archive-date=2015-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721061348/http://www.zeleb.cl/n/los-seis-anos-de-amor-de-maura-rivera-y-mark-gonzalez-012202|url-status=dead}}</ref> Due tae ower ten years livin in Sooth Africae, he can speak fluently [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] an [[Afrikaans]] alangside [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]. ==Career honours== ===Club=== ;Liverpool *[[FA Community Shield]] ('''1'''): [[:en:2006 FA Community Shield|2006]] *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up ('''1'''): [[:en:2006–07 UEFA Champions League|2006–07]] ;CSKA *[[Roushie Premier League]] ('''2'''): [[:en:2012–13 Russian Premier League|2012–13]], [[:en:2013–14 Russian Premier League|2013–14]] *[[Roushie Cup (fitbaw)|Roushie Cup]] ('''2'''): [[:en:2010–11 Russian Cup#Final|2010–11]], [[:en:2012–13 Russian Cup|2012–13]] *[[Roushie Super Cup]] ('''1'''): [[:en:2013 Russian Super Cup|2013]] ===Internaitional=== ;Chile * [[Copa América]]: [[Copa América Centenario|2016]] ===Individual=== *In the leet o 33 best fitbaw players o the championship o Roushie ('''1'''): 2010 ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category}} *{{soccerbase|36137}} *{{ru icon}} [http://cskainfo.com/mark-gonsales/ Mark González – CSKA unoffeecial steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323062800/http://cskainfo.com/mark-gonsales/ |date=2010-03-23 }} *[http://www.lfchistory.net/player_profile.asp?player_id=1128 LFC History Profile] *[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=33322&cc=5739 ESPN Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503024000/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=33322&cc=5739 |date=2010-05-03 }} *[http://pfc-cska.org/club/player/g/gonzalez/ pfc-cska.org Profile]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Chile squads |bg=#D72B1F |fg=white |bordercolor=#0039A6 |list1= {{Chile Squad 2004 Copa América}} {{Chile Squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Chile Squad 2010 World Cup}} {{Chile squad Copa América Centenario}} }} {{Magallanes squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gonzalez, Mark}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Chilean fitbawers]] [[Category:Chilean expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Chile internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Chilean fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:2004 Copa América players]] [[Category:2007 Copa América players]] [[Category:Copa América Centenario players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Roushie Premier League players]] [[Category:Club Deportivo Universidad Católica fitbawers]] [[Category:Albacete Balompié players]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Real Sociedad fitbawers]] [[Category:Real Betis players]] [[Category:PFC CSKA Moscow players]] [[Category:Sport Club do Recife players]] [[Category:Association fitbaw midfielders]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Roushie]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Brazil]] [[Category:Chilean expatriates in Spain]] [[Category:Chilean expatriates in Roushie]] [[Category:Chilean expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Chilean expatriates in Brazil]] [[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Spain]] [[Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Durban]] [[Category:Colo-Colo players]] af4f48zmxus72y5xfbdoct8gyw151lz 0 153310 924926 848426 2026-10-20T23:56:31Z Atlantic306 30244 removed archive today, not properly archived in internet archive 924926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson|name= Martin Kiss |image= Tom Daley London (cropped2).jpg|caption= Tom Daley in 2012|fullname= Thomas Robert Daley|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|5|21|df=y}}|birth_place = [[Plymouth]], [[Devon]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]|residence=|website =|country= {{UK}}<br>{{ENG}}|event= 10&nbsp;m, 10&nbsp;m synchro, 3&nbsp;m|club= Plymouth Diving Club / London High Performance Centre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swimming.org/britishswimming/diving/mens-world-class-podium/thomas-tom-daley/152/ |title=Tom Daley &#124; British Swimming |publisher=Swimming.org |date= |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref>|team= Great Breetain / Ingland|partner= [[Daniel Goodfellow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/feb/21/tom-daley-dan-goodfellow-2016-olympics-diving|title=Tom Daley and Dan Goodfellow book place at 2016 Olympics in Rio|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref>|coach= Jane Figueiredo|retired=|medaltemplates= {{MedalCountry|{{GBR2}}}} {{MedalOlympic}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships|Warld Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships|2009 Roum]]|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Team event|Team event]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[LEN European Aquatics Championships|European Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 European Aquatics Championships|2008 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2012 European Aquatics Championships|2012 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Diving at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Mixed 3 m springbuird synchro|Mixed 3m synchro]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2014 European Aquatics Championships|2014 Berlin]]|[[Diving at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships - Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m synchro platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|Junior Warld Championships}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Springbuird|Synchro 3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Springbuird|3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{ENG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Commonweel Gemmes]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|Synchro 10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|Synchro 10m platform]]}}|show-medals= no|height= {{convert|177|cm|ftin}}<ref name="Team GB">{{cite web|url=http://www.teamgb.com/athletes/tom-daley|title=Tom Daley|publisher=[[Team GB]]|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref>|weight= 74 kg (11 st 9 lb; 163 lb)<ref name="Team GB"/>|imagesize= 200px|formercountry=|training=}} '''Thomas Robert''' "'''Tom'''" '''Daley''' (born 21 Mey 1994)<ref name="Team GB"/> is a [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] [[Divin|diver]] an telly personality. He haes won medals at the [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]], [[Commonweel Gemmes]], [[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships]] an [[LEN European Aquatics Championships]]. <center><Gallery> File:Tom Daley.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley (diver), October 2008.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley London (cropped).jpg|Tom Daley in 2012 File:Tom Daley portrait.jpg|Tom Daley in 2016 </Gallery></center> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Daley, Tom}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Plymouth]] [[Category:Fowk frae Devon]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Plymouth College]] [[Category:Inglis divers]] [[Category:Male divers]] [[Category:Divers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Simmer Youth Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Divers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic divers o Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in divin]] [[Category:LGBT divers]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk frae Ingland]] [[Category:Gay sportsmen]] [[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in divin]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes competitors for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes gowd medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes siller medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] o7mpecr71jwh4m1jqbhyca758j4s4zu 924927 924926 2026-10-21T00:09:08Z Atlantic306 30244 added reference 924927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson|name= Martin Kiss |image= Tom Daley London (cropped2).jpg|caption= Tom Daley in 2012|fullname= Thomas Robert Daley|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|5|21|df=y}}|birth_place = [[Plymouth]], [[Devon]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]|residence=|website =|country= {{UK}}<br>{{ENG}}|event= 10&nbsp;m, 10&nbsp;m synchro, 3&nbsp;m|club= Plymouth Diving Club / London High Performance Centre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swimming.org/britishswimming/diving/mens-world-class-podium/thomas-tom-daley/152/ |title=Tom Daley &#124; British Swimming |publisher=Swimming.org |date= |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref>|team= Great Breetain / Ingland|partner= [[Daniel Goodfellow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/feb/21/tom-daley-dan-goodfellow-2016-olympics-diving|title=Tom Daley and Dan Goodfellow book place at 2016 Olympics in Rio|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref>|coach= Jane Figueiredo|retired=|medaltemplates= {{MedalCountry|{{GBR2}}}} {{MedalOlympic}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships|Warld Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships|2009 Roum]]|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Team event|Team event]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[LEN European Aquatics Championships|European Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 European Aquatics Championships|2008 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2012 European Aquatics Championships|2012 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Diving at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Mixed 3 m springbuird synchro|Mixed 3m synchro]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2014 European Aquatics Championships|2014 Berlin]]|[[Diving at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships - Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m synchro platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|Junior Warld Championships}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Springbuird|Synchro 3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Springbuird|3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{ENG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Commonweel Gemmes]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|Synchro 10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|Synchro 10m platform]]}}|show-medals= no|height= {{convert|177|cm|ftin}}<ref name="Team GB">{{cite web|url=http://www.teamgb.com/athletes/tom-daley|title=Tom Daley|publisher=[[Team GB]]|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref>|weight= 74 kg (11 st 9 lb; 163 lb)<ref name="Team GB"/>|imagesize= 200px|formercountry=|training=}} '''Thomas Robert''' "'''Tom'''" '''Daley''' (born 21 Mey 1994)<ref name="Team GB"/> is a [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] [[Divin|diver]] an telly personality. He haes won medals at the [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]], [[Commonweel Gemmes]], [[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships]] an [[LEN European Aquatics Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishswimming.org/athlete-swimming-profiles/diving-team-profiles/tom-daley/|title=Diving Team Profiles- Tom Daley|work=British Swimming|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821200645/https://www.britishswimming.org/athlete-swimming-profiles/diving-team-profiles/tom-daley/|archive-date=21 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <center><Gallery> File:Tom Daley.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley (diver), October 2008.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley London (cropped).jpg|Tom Daley in 2012 File:Tom Daley portrait.jpg|Tom Daley in 2016 </Gallery></center> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Daley, Tom}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Plymouth]] [[Category:Fowk frae Devon]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Plymouth College]] [[Category:Inglis divers]] [[Category:Male divers]] [[Category:Divers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Simmer Youth Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Divers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic divers o Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in divin]] [[Category:LGBT divers]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk frae Ingland]] [[Category:Gay sportsmen]] [[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in divin]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes competitors for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes gowd medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes siller medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] 6o1yh4t75l0riect2n0g6a90kz7ff1r 924928 924927 2026-10-21T00:22:51Z Atlantic306 30244 fixed reference 924928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson|name= Martin Kiss |image= Tom Daley London (cropped2).jpg|caption= Tom Daley in 2012|fullname= Thomas Robert Daley|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|5|21|df=y}}|birth_place = [[Plymouth]], [[Devon]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]|residence=|website =|country= {{UK}}<br>{{ENG}}|event= 10&nbsp;m, 10&nbsp;m synchro, 3&nbsp;m|club= Plymouth Diving Club / London High Performance Centre<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/diving/25718559|title=Tom Daley to switch training base to Londonwork|work=BBC Sport|date=16 January 2014|first=Nick|last=Hope}}</ref>|team= Great Breetain / Ingland|partner= [[Daniel Goodfellow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/feb/21/tom-daley-dan-goodfellow-2016-olympics-diving|title=Tom Daley and Dan Goodfellow book place at 2016 Olympics in Rio|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref>|coach= Jane Figueiredo|retired=|medaltemplates= {{MedalCountry|{{GBR2}}}} {{MedalOlympic}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships|Warld Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships|2009 Roum]]|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Team event|Team event]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} |{{MedalCompetition|[[LEN European Aquatics Championships|European Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 European Aquatics Championships|2008 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2012 European Aquatics Championships|2012 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Diving at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Mixed 3 m springbuird synchro|Mixed 3m synchro]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2014 European Aquatics Championships|2014 Berlin]]|[[Diving at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships - Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m synchro platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|Junior Warld Championships}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Springbuird|Synchro 3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Springbuird|3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{ENG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Commonweel Gemmes]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|Synchro 10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|Synchro 10m platform]]}}|show-medals= no|height= {{convert|177|cm|ftin}}<ref name="Team GB">{{cite web|url=http://www.teamgb.com/athletes/tom-daley|title=Tom Daley|publisher=[[Team GB]]|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref>|weight= 74 kg (11 st 9 lb; 163 lb)<ref name="Team GB"/>|imagesize= 200px|formercountry=|training=}} '''Thomas Robert''' "'''Tom'''" '''Daley''' (born 21 Mey 1994)<ref name="Team GB"/> is a [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] [[Divin|diver]] an telly personality. He haes won medals at the [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]], [[Commonweel Gemmes]], [[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships]] an [[LEN European Aquatics Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishswimming.org/athlete-swimming-profiles/diving-team-profiles/tom-daley/|title=Diving Team Profiles- Tom Daley|work=British Swimming|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821200645/https://www.britishswimming.org/athlete-swimming-profiles/diving-team-profiles/tom-daley/|archive-date=21 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <center><Gallery> File:Tom Daley.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley (diver), October 2008.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley London (cropped).jpg|Tom Daley in 2012 File:Tom Daley portrait.jpg|Tom Daley in 2016 </Gallery></center> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Daley, Tom}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Plymouth]] [[Category:Fowk frae Devon]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Plymouth College]] [[Category:Inglis divers]] [[Category:Male divers]] [[Category:Divers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Simmer Youth Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Divers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic divers o Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in divin]] [[Category:LGBT divers]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk frae Ingland]] [[Category:Gay sportsmen]] [[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in divin]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes competitors for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes gowd medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes siller medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] lkrij64sx592yxz01cuk6xrwxydyjag 924929 924928 2026-10-21T00:29:22Z Atlantic306 30244 added reference 924929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson|name= Martin Kiss |image= Tom Daley London (cropped2).jpg|caption= Tom Daley in 2012|fullname= Thomas Robert Daley|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|5|21|df=y}}|birth_place = [[Plymouth]], [[Devon]], [[Unitit Kinrick]]|residence=|website =|country= {{UK}}<br>{{ENG}}|event= 10&nbsp;m, 10&nbsp;m synchro, 3&nbsp;m|club= Plymouth Diving Club / London High Performance Centre<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plymouthdiving.com/about-2/|title=About Us|work=Plymouth Diving|access-date=21 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/diving/25718559|title=Tom Daley to switch training base to Londonwork|work=BBC Sport|date=16 January 2014|first=Nick|last=Hope}}</ref>|team= Great Breetain / Ingland|partner= [[Daniel Goodfellow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/feb/21/tom-daley-dan-goodfellow-2016-olympics-diving|title=Tom Daley and Dan Goodfellow book place at 2016 Olympics in Rio|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=13 May 2016}}</ref>|coach= Jane Figueiredo|retired=|medaltemplates= {{MedalCountry|{{GBR2}}}} {{MedalOlympic}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Divin at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships|Warld Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships|2009 Roum]]|[[Divin at the 2009 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Team event|Team event]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships|2015 Kazan]]|[[Divin at the 2015 Warld Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} |{{MedalCompetition|[[LEN European Aquatics Championships|European Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 European Aquatics Championships|2008 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2012 European Aquatics Championships|2012 Eindhoven]]|[[Divin at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Diving at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Mixed 3 m springbuird synchro|Mixed 3m synchro]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2014 European Aquatics Championships|2014 Berlin]]|[[Diving at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships - Men's 10 m platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2016 European Aquatics Championships|2016 Lunnon]]|[[Divin at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 m synchro platform|10m synchro]]}} {{MedalCompetition|Junior Warld Championships}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|2012 Adelaide|[[Springbuird|Synchro 3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Divin platforms|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Aachen|[[Springbuird|3m springbuird]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{ENG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Commonweel Gemmes]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes|2010 Delhi]]|[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes#Men|Synchro 10m platform]]}} {{MedalGold|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's 10 metre platform|10m platform]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes|2014 Glesga]]|[[Divin at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform|Synchro 10m platform]]}}|show-medals= no|height= {{convert|177|cm|ftin}}<ref name="Team GB">{{cite web|url=http://www.teamgb.com/athletes/tom-daley|title=Tom Daley|publisher=[[Team GB]]|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref>|weight= 74 kg (11 st 9 lb; 163 lb)<ref name="Team GB"/>|imagesize= 200px|formercountry=|training=}} '''Thomas Robert''' "'''Tom'''" '''Daley''' (born 21 Mey 1994)<ref name="Team GB"/> is a [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] [[Divin|diver]] an telly personality. He haes won medals at the [[Simmer Olympic Gemmes]], [[Commonweel Gemmes]], [[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships]] an [[LEN European Aquatics Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishswimming.org/athlete-swimming-profiles/diving-team-profiles/tom-daley/|title=Diving Team Profiles- Tom Daley|work=British Swimming|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821200645/https://www.britishswimming.org/athlete-swimming-profiles/diving-team-profiles/tom-daley/|archive-date=21 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> <center><Gallery> File:Tom Daley.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley (diver), October 2008.jpg|Tom Daley in 2008 File:Tom Daley London (cropped).jpg|Tom Daley in 2012 File:Tom Daley portrait.jpg|Tom Daley in 2016 </Gallery></center> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Daley, Tom}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Plymouth]] [[Category:Fowk frae Devon]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Plymouth College]] [[Category:Inglis divers]] [[Category:Male divers]] [[Category:Divers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Simmer Youth Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2010 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Divers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Divers at the 2014 Commonweel Gemmes]] [[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic divers o Great Breetain]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in divin]] [[Category:LGBT divers]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk frae Ingland]] [[Category:Gay sportsmen]] [[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in divin]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes competitors for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes gowd medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:Commonweel Gemmes siller medallists for Ingland]] [[Category:LGBT sportsfowk at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]] jmsj9epfb0yudbrgiactwlzaz6g0i4x 0 158036 924906 920065 2026-10-20T16:21:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 924906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}} {{Taxobox | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22708556 |title=''Sialia currucoides'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref> | image = Mountain Bluebird.jpg | image_caption = Male | image2 = Sialia currucoides female.jpg | image2_caption = Female | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[passerine|Passeriformes]] | familia = [[thrush (bird)|Turdidae]] | genus = ''[[Bluebird|Sialia]]'' | species = '''''S. currucoides''''' | binomial = ''Sialia currucoides'' | binomial_authority = ([[Johann Matthäus Bechstein|Bechstein]], 1798) | range_map = Sialia currucoides distribution.png | range_map_caption = Mountain Bluebird distribution: {{leftlegend|#E6E666|Breeding range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#93E868|Year-round range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#6969E9|Wintering range|outline=gray}} }} The '''muntain bluebird''' (''Sialia currucoides'') is a middlin bird wichtin aboot {{Convert|30|g|abbr = on}} wi a lenth frae {{Convert|16|-|20|cm|abbr = on}}. They hae licht unnerbellies an black een. Adult males hae thin bills an are bricht turquoise-blue an somewha lighter unnerneath. Adult females hae duller blue wings an tail, grey breast, grey croun, throat an back. In fresh faw plumage, the female's throat an breast are tinged wi reid-orange, brounish near the flank contrastin wi white tail unnerpairts. Their caw is a thin 'few'; whilk their sang is warbled high 'chur chur'. It is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada. It is a omnivore an it can live 6 tae 10 years in the wild. It eats spiders, grasshoppers, flies an ither insects, an smaw fruits. The muntain bluebird is a relative o the [[Eastren bluebird|eastren]] an [[Wastren bluebird|wastren]] bluebirds. ==Feedin== These birds hover ower the grund an flee doun tae catch insects, fleein an aw frae a perch tae catch thaim. They mainly eat insects an berries. They mey forage in flocks in winter, when they mainly eat grasshoppers. Muntain bluebirds will come tae a platform feeder wi live meal worms, berries, or peanuts. ==Breedin== [[File:Mountain Bluebird, Santa Fe.jpg|thumb|left|This species can be a pouder blue or wi a gray chest an aw.]] Their breedin habitat is open kintra athort wastren [[North Americae]], includin muntainous auries, as far north as [[Alaska]]. They nest in pre-existin cavities or in nest boxes. In remote auries, these birds are less affectit bi competeetion for natural nestin locations than ither [[bluebird]]s. Muntain bluebirds are a monogamous breed. The male can be seen singin frae bare branches. The singin taks place richt at dawn, juist when the sun rises. Females uisually build the nests thairsels. Eggs are pale blue an unmarkit, sometimes white. The clutch size is fower or five eggs. Young are nakit an helpless at hatchin an mey hae some doun. Incubation normally last 14 days an the young will tak aboot 21 days afore they leave the nest. Baith males an females fiercely protect the nest. ==State bird== The muntain bluebird is the [[:en:List of U.S. state birds|state bird]] o [[Idaho]] an [[Nevada]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/birds/id_mountain_bluebird.htm | title= Idaho State Bird | work= Georgia State Bird Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides | publisher= Netstate | access-date= 2017-01-13 | archive-date= 2018-12-24 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225406/http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/birds/id_mountain_bluebird.htm%20 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.val-u-corp.com/articles/nevada-state-bird.html | title= Nevada State Bird | work= Nevada State Bird, mountain bluebird | publisher= Val-U-Corp Services, Inc. | access-date= 2017-01-13 | archive-date= 2018-12-24 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225423/http://www.val-u-corp.com/articles/nevada-state-bird.html%20 | url-status= dead }}</ref> ==Nest boxes== Muntain bluebirds are cavity nesters an can become vera pairtial tae a nest box, especially if they hae successfully raised a clutch. They mey even reuse the same nest, tho no aye. Muntain bluebirds will no abandon a nest if human activity is detected close bi or at the nest. Acause o this, they can be easily [[Bird ringin|bandit]] whilk they are still in the nest. == Conservation == Muntain Bluebirds are fairly common, but populations declined bi aboot 26% atween 1966 an 2014, accordin tae the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Partners in Flicht estimates the global breedin population of 4.6 million, with 80% spending some part of the year in the U.S., 20% breedin in Canadae, an 31% winterin in Mexico. The species rates an 8 oot o 20 on the Continental Concern Score. Mountain Bluebird is a U.S.-Canada Stewardship species, an is no on the [http://www.stateofthebirds.org/ 2014 State of the Birds Watch List]. These bluebirds benefitit frae the wastwaird spread o loggin an grazin in the late nineteent an early twintiet centuries, when the clearin o forest creatit open habitat for foragin. The subsequent wanin o these industries, coupled wi the deliberate suppression o wildfires, led tae a dwindlin o open acreage in the Wast an the decline o the species. Mair recently, as laund-uise practices hae stabilizit, so hae Muntain Bluebird populations. Construction o nest boxes in suitable habitat haes providit a population boost an aw. Populations are declinin in auries whaur trees are too smaw tae provide naitural nestin cavities, an whaur forest an agricultural management practices hae reducit the availability o suitable nest steids. Amang birds that nest in cavities but canna excavate thaim on their awn, competeetion is heich for nest steids. Muntain, Wastren, an mair recently Eastren bluebirds compete for nest boxes whaur their ranges owerlap. Hoose Sparraes, European Starlings, an Hoose Wrens compete fiercely wi bluebirds for nest cavities an aw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mountain_Bluebird/lifehistory|title=Mountain Bluebird|website=www.allaboutbirds.org|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> ==Similar species== *[[Wastren bluebird]] (''Sialia mexicana'') *[[Eastren bluebird]] (''Sialia sialis'') ==References== {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090225180457/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Mountain_Bluebird.html All About Birds: Mountain Bluebird], Cornell Lab of Ornithology *''The Condor'', Vol. 83, No. 3 (Aug., 1981), pp.&nbsp;252–255 ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat|Sialia currucoides|Mountain bluebird}} {{wikispecies|Sialia currucoides}} *[http://www.bluebirdnews.com/bluebird-species.htm Mountain Bluebird Information and Awareness] *[http://www.nabluebirdsociety.org/ North American Bluebird Society] * {{InternetBirdCollection|mountain-bluebird-sialia-currucoides|Mountain bluebird}} * {{VIREO|Mountain+Bluebird|Mountain bluebird}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:bluebird, muntain}} [[Category:Birds o Canadae]] 46uqwaedwemb09t9ot7fusvvriu64qc 0 203263 924922 924865 2026-10-20T23:15:13Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 Fixed Scots. Addit sources and a "personal life" heider. Replaced "telly" wi "television" (telly is ower informal imo) 924922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = [[The Richt Honourable]] |name = Sir Jacob Rees-Mogg |image = Jacob Rees-Mogg MP.jpg | office = [[Heid Ane o the Hoose o Commons]]<br>[[Lord President o the Cooncil]] | primeminister = [[Boris Johnson]] | term_start = 24 Julie 2019 | term_end = 8 Februar 2022 | predecessor = [[Mel Stride]] | successor = [[Mark Spencer (politeecian)|Mark Spencer]] | office2 = [[Member o Pairlament (Unitit Kinrick)|Pairlamenter]]<br />for [[Nor-East Somerset (UK Pairlament Constituency)|Nor-East Somerset]] | term_start2 = 6 Mey 2010 | term_end2 = 30 Mey 2024 | predecessor2 = ''Constituency creatit'' | successor2 = ''Constituency abolish't'' | majority2 = 10,235 (18.9%) |birth_name=Jacob William Rees-Mogg |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|5|24|df=y}} |birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Hammersmith]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland}} |party = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] |spouse = {{marriage|Helena de Chair|2007}} |relatives = [[William Rees-Mogg]] {{small|(faither)}}<br />[[Annunziata Rees-Mogg|Annunziata Glanville]] {{small|(''née'' Rees-Mogg; sister)}}<br />[[Lady Juliet Tadgell]] {{small|(guid-mither)}} |children = 6 |education = [[Eton College]] |alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Oxford]] |religion = [[Catholic Kirk]] }} '''Sir Jacob William Rees-Mogg''' (born 24 Mey 1969) is a Breetish politeecian that serr'd as the [[Member o pairlament|Pairliamenter]] fur [[North East Somerset (UK Pairlament constituency)|Nor-East Somerset]] frae the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|general election o 2010]] till 2024. He is kent fur his strangly conservative an pro-[[Brexit]] views, an his public persona. He is preses o the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]]'s European Resairch Group. His maist recent govrenment office wis as Meenister fur Brexit Opportunities frae 8 Februar 2022 till 25 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-02-08|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg made Brexit opportunities minister as PM reshuffles team|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-60305006|access-date=2026-10-20}}</ref> He wis knichtit in [[Boris Johnson]]'s 2022 Resignation Honours fur poleetical an public service.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resignation Honours: June 2023|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/resignation-honours-2023|access-date=2026-10-20|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/64120/supplement/14502|access-date=2026-10-20|website=The Gazette|language=en}}</ref> He studied at the Eton College an syne teuk oot history at the Trinity College, Oxford, whaur he wis librarian o the Oxford Union. He regrettit nae haein studied the Clessics. Efter Oxford he wis wirkin at a wheen prestigious investment firms. He wad than traivel tae [[Hong Kong]] tae jyne Lloyd George Management. In Hong Kong he wis a guid freend o govrenor Christopher Patten an wis a reglar at Government House (Scots: Govrenment Hoose). He cam back tae Ingland tae foond Somerset Capital Management wi the help o Crispin Odey afore enterin in pairliament. He is the son o Laird William Rees-Mogg, the umwhile editor o ''[[The Times]]''. Rees-Mogg, kent fur his upper-cless persona, haes at mony times baith descrieved himsel as a "man o the fowk"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Catherine|date=2017-07-22|title=A cold reactionary lies behind the Jacob Rees-Mogg act|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/22/jacob-rees-mogg-cold-reactionary|access-date=2026-10-20|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> an rejectit thon description, sayin: "the 'man o the fowk' ack is the heicht o pauchtiness."<ref>{{Cite news|date=Juin 18, 2023|title='I will never be a phoney man of the people’|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/10125164/I-will-never-be-a-phoney-man-of-the-people.html|url-status=live|access-date=20 October 2026}}</ref> == Personal Life == He is mairriet ontae Helena Wentworth Fitzwilliam de Chair, the dochter o politeecian an historian Somerset de Chair an Lady Juliet Tadgell. They hae 6 bairns.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-07-05|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg announces baby Sixtus|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40506109|access-date=2026-10-20}}</ref> Rees-Mogg wonnes at his place in Somerset an auchts haudin in [[Lunnon]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-04|title=Jacob Rees Mogg's life at Somerset mansion revealed in reality TV show|url=https://www.somersetcountygazette.co.uk/news/24771399.jacob-rees-moggs-life-somerset-mansion-revealed-reality-tv-show/|access-date=2026-10-20|website=Somerset County Gazette|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Magnus|first=Emma|date=2024-12-04|title=Empire of Posh: inside Jacob Rees-Mogg's property portfolio|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/homesandproperty/celebrity-homes/jacob-reesmogg-property-portfolio-b1196834.html|access-date=2026-10-20|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> He is presently a television presenter on [[GB News]], an short-syne starned wi his faimily in the reality TV programme 'Meet the Rees-Moggs.' Rees-Mogg bruiks the Inglish kintra-side an kintra sports. He is a practicin [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 Mairch 2018|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg: I try to say the rosary every day|work=Catholic Herald|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108065409/https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/03/27/jacob-rees-mogg-i-try-to-say-the-rosary-every-day/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108065409/https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/03/27/jacob-rees-mogg-i-try-to-say-the-rosary-every-day/|archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rees-Mogg, Jacob}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Trinity College, Oxford]] [[Category:Breetish monarchists]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs for Inglis constituencies]] [[Category:Creetics o the European Union]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o American strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Eton College]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hammersmith]] [[Category:Fowk frae Mendip Destrict]] [[Category:Politics o Bath an North East Somerset]] [[Category:Politics o Somerset]] [[Category:Rees-Mogg faimily]] [[Category:UK MPs 2010–2015]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Breetish anti-abortion activists]] ca1ub6w7inhfnq8r4psuvudwsnuku1f 924932 924922 2026-10-21T06:45:59Z ~2026-55311-78 139032 /* */ Lord isnae scots 924932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = [[The Richt Honourable]] |name = Sir Jacob Rees-Mogg |image = Jacob Rees-Mogg MP.jpg | office = [[Heid Ane o the Hoose o Commons]]<br>[[Laird President o the Cooncil]] | primeminister = [[Boris Johnson]] | term_start = 24 Julie 2019 | term_end = 8 Februar 2022 | predecessor = [[Mel Stride]] | successor = [[Mark Spencer (politeecian)|Mark Spencer]] | office2 = [[Member o Pairlament (Unitit Kinrick)|Pairlamenter]]<br />for [[Nor-East Somerset (UK Pairlament Constituency)|Nor-East Somerset]] | term_start2 = 6 Mey 2010 | term_end2 = 30 Mey 2024 | predecessor2 = ''Constituency creatit'' | successor2 = ''Constituency abolish't'' | majority2 = 10,235 (18.9%) |birth_name=Jacob William Rees-Mogg |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|5|24|df=y}} |birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Hammersmith]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland}} |party = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] |spouse = {{marriage|Helena de Chair|2007}} |relatives = [[William Rees-Mogg]] {{small|(faither)}}<br />[[Annunziata Rees-Mogg|Annunziata Glanville]] {{small|(''née'' Rees-Mogg; sister)}}<br />[[Lady Juliet Tadgell]] {{small|(guid-mither)}} |children = 6 |education = [[Eton College]] |alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Oxford]] |religion = [[Catholic Kirk]] }} '''Sir Jacob William Rees-Mogg''' (born 24 Mey 1969) is a Breetish politeecian that serr'd as the [[Member o pairlament|Pairliamenter]] fur [[North East Somerset (UK Pairlament constituency)|Nor-East Somerset]] frae the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|general election o 2010]] till 2024. He is kent fur his strangly conservative an pro-[[Brexit]] views, an his public persona. He is preses o the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]]'s European Resairch Group. His maist recent govrenment office wis as Meenister fur Brexit Opportunities frae 8 Februar 2022 till 25 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-02-08|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg made Brexit opportunities minister as PM reshuffles team|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-60305006|access-date=2026-10-20}}</ref> He wis knichtit in [[Boris Johnson]]'s 2022 Resignation Honours fur poleetical an public service.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resignation Honours: June 2023|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/resignation-honours-2023|access-date=2026-10-20|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/64120/supplement/14502|access-date=2026-10-20|website=The Gazette|language=en}}</ref> He studied at the Eton College an syne teuk oot history at the Trinity College, Oxford, whaur he wis librarian o the Oxford Union. He regrettit nae haein studied the Clessics. Efter Oxford he wis wirkin at a wheen prestigious investment firms. He wad than traivel tae [[Hong Kong]] tae jyne Lloyd George Management. In Hong Kong he wis a guid freend o govrenor Christopher Patten an wis a reglar at Government House (Scots: Govrenment Hoose). He cam back tae Ingland tae foond Somerset Capital Management wi the help o Crispin Odey afore enterin in pairliament. He is the son o Laird William Rees-Mogg, the umwhile editor o ''[[The Times]]''. Rees-Mogg, kent fur his upper-cless persona, haes at mony times baith descrieved himsel as a "man o the fowk"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Catherine|date=2017-07-22|title=A cold reactionary lies behind the Jacob Rees-Mogg act|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/22/jacob-rees-mogg-cold-reactionary|access-date=2026-10-20|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> an rejectit thon description, sayin: "the 'man o the fowk' ack is the heicht o pauchtiness."<ref>{{Cite news|date=Juin 18, 2023|title='I will never be a phoney man of the people’|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/10125164/I-will-never-be-a-phoney-man-of-the-people.html|url-status=live|access-date=20 October 2026}}</ref> == Personal Life == He is mairriet ontae Helena Wentworth Fitzwilliam de Chair, the dochter o politeecian an historian Somerset de Chair an Lady Juliet Tadgell. They hae 6 bairns.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-07-05|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg announces baby Sixtus|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40506109|access-date=2026-10-20}}</ref> Rees-Mogg wonnes at his place in Somerset an auchts haudin in [[Lunnon]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-04|title=Jacob Rees Mogg's life at Somerset mansion revealed in reality TV show|url=https://www.somersetcountygazette.co.uk/news/24771399.jacob-rees-moggs-life-somerset-mansion-revealed-reality-tv-show/|access-date=2026-10-20|website=Somerset County Gazette|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Magnus|first=Emma|date=2024-12-04|title=Empire of Posh: inside Jacob Rees-Mogg's property portfolio|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/homesandproperty/celebrity-homes/jacob-reesmogg-property-portfolio-b1196834.html|access-date=2026-10-20|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> He is presently a television presenter on [[GB News]], an short-syne starned wi his faimily in the reality TV programme 'Meet the Rees-Moggs.' Rees-Mogg bruiks the Inglish kintra-side an kintra sports. He is a practicin [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 Mairch 2018|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg: I try to say the rosary every day|work=Catholic Herald|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108065409/https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/03/27/jacob-rees-mogg-i-try-to-say-the-rosary-every-day/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108065409/https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/03/27/jacob-rees-mogg-i-try-to-say-the-rosary-every-day/|archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rees-Mogg, Jacob}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Trinity College, Oxford]] [[Category:Breetish monarchists]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs for Inglis constituencies]] [[Category:Creetics o the European Union]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o American strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Eton College]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hammersmith]] [[Category:Fowk frae Mendip Destrict]] [[Category:Politics o Bath an North East Somerset]] [[Category:Politics o Somerset]] [[Category:Rees-Mogg faimily]] [[Category:UK MPs 2010–2015]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Breetish anti-abortion activists]] ikl16xy6nl6njkhv5hff41wcufhrsqo 924934 924932 2026-10-21T10:15:36Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/924932|924932]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-55311-78|~2026-55311-78]] ([[User talk:~2026-55311-78|Tauk]]) "Lord" is commonly yeesed for formal titles in Scots e.g. Lord Ordinar, Lord Provost. I wid propone ye read the DSL entry (or ony ither lippenable dictionair) afore assumin it isna Scots 924934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = [[The Richt Honourable]] |name = Sir Jacob Rees-Mogg |image = Jacob Rees-Mogg MP.jpg | office = [[Heid Ane o the Hoose o Commons]]<br>[[Lord President o the Cooncil]] | primeminister = [[Boris Johnson]] | term_start = 24 Julie 2019 | term_end = 8 Februar 2022 | predecessor = [[Mel Stride]] | successor = [[Mark Spencer (politeecian)|Mark Spencer]] | office2 = [[Member o Pairlament (Unitit Kinrick)|Pairlamenter]]<br />for [[Nor-East Somerset (UK Pairlament Constituency)|Nor-East Somerset]] | term_start2 = 6 Mey 2010 | term_end2 = 30 Mey 2024 | predecessor2 = ''Constituency creatit'' | successor2 = ''Constituency abolish't'' | majority2 = 10,235 (18.9%) |birth_name=Jacob William Rees-Mogg |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|5|24|df=y}} |birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Hammersmith]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland}} |party = [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative]] |spouse = {{marriage|Helena de Chair|2007}} |relatives = [[William Rees-Mogg]] {{small|(faither)}}<br />[[Annunziata Rees-Mogg|Annunziata Glanville]] {{small|(''née'' Rees-Mogg; sister)}}<br />[[Lady Juliet Tadgell]] {{small|(guid-mither)}} |children = 6 |education = [[Eton College]] |alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Oxford]] |religion = [[Catholic Kirk]] }} '''Sir Jacob William Rees-Mogg''' (born 24 Mey 1969) is a Breetish politeecian that serr'd as the [[Member o pairlament|Pairliamenter]] fur [[North East Somerset (UK Pairlament constituency)|Nor-East Somerset]] frae the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 2010|general election o 2010]] till 2024. He is kent fur his strangly conservative an pro-[[Brexit]] views, an his public persona. He is preses o the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|Conservative Pairty]]'s European Resairch Group. His maist recent govrenment office wis as Meenister fur Brexit Opportunities frae 8 Februar 2022 till 25 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-02-08|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg made Brexit opportunities minister as PM reshuffles team|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-60305006|access-date=2026-10-20}}</ref> He wis knichtit in [[Boris Johnson]]'s 2022 Resignation Honours fur poleetical an public service.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resignation Honours: June 2023|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/resignation-honours-2023|access-date=2026-10-20|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The London Gazette|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/64120/supplement/14502|access-date=2026-10-20|website=The Gazette|language=en}}</ref> He studied at the Eton College an syne teuk oot history at the Trinity College, Oxford, whaur he wis librarian o the Oxford Union. He regrettit nae haein studied the Clessics. Efter Oxford he wis wirkin at a wheen prestigious investment firms. He wad than traivel tae [[Hong Kong]] tae jyne Lloyd George Management. In Hong Kong he wis a guid freend o govrenor Christopher Patten an wis a reglar at Government House (Scots: Govrenment Hoose). He cam back tae Ingland tae foond Somerset Capital Management wi the help o Crispin Odey afore enterin in pairliament. He is the son o Laird William Rees-Mogg, the umwhile editor o ''[[The Times]]''. Rees-Mogg, kent fur his upper-cless persona, haes at mony times baith descrieved himsel as a "man o the fowk"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Catherine|date=2017-07-22|title=A cold reactionary lies behind the Jacob Rees-Mogg act|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/22/jacob-rees-mogg-cold-reactionary|access-date=2026-10-20|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> an rejectit thon description, sayin: "the 'man o the fowk' ack is the heicht o pauchtiness."<ref>{{Cite news|date=Juin 18, 2023|title='I will never be a phoney man of the people’|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/10125164/I-will-never-be-a-phoney-man-of-the-people.html|url-status=live|access-date=20 October 2026}}</ref> == Personal Life == He is mairriet ontae Helena Wentworth Fitzwilliam de Chair, the dochter o politeecian an historian Somerset de Chair an Lady Juliet Tadgell. They hae 6 bairns.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-07-05|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg announces baby Sixtus|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-40506109|access-date=2026-10-20}}</ref> Rees-Mogg wonnes at his place in Somerset an auchts haudin in [[Lunnon]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-04|title=Jacob Rees Mogg's life at Somerset mansion revealed in reality TV show|url=https://www.somersetcountygazette.co.uk/news/24771399.jacob-rees-moggs-life-somerset-mansion-revealed-reality-tv-show/|access-date=2026-10-20|website=Somerset County Gazette|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Magnus|first=Emma|date=2024-12-04|title=Empire of Posh: inside Jacob Rees-Mogg's property portfolio|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/homesandproperty/celebrity-homes/jacob-reesmogg-property-portfolio-b1196834.html|access-date=2026-10-20|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> He is presently a television presenter on [[GB News]], an short-syne starned wi his faimily in the reality TV programme 'Meet the Rees-Moggs.' Rees-Mogg bruiks the Inglish kintra-side an kintra sports. He is a practicin [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 Mairch 2018|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg: I try to say the rosary every day|work=Catholic Herald|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108065409/https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/03/27/jacob-rees-mogg-i-try-to-say-the-rosary-every-day/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108065409/https://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/03/27/jacob-rees-mogg-i-try-to-say-the-rosary-every-day/|archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rees-Mogg, Jacob}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Alumni o Trinity College, Oxford]] [[Category:Breetish monarchists]] [[Category:Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs for Inglis constituencies]] [[Category:Creetics o the European Union]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o American strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Eton College]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hammersmith]] [[Category:Fowk frae Mendip Destrict]] [[Category:Politics o Bath an North East Somerset]] [[Category:Politics o Somerset]] [[Category:Rees-Mogg faimily]] [[Category:UK MPs 2010–2015]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Breetish anti-abortion activists]] ca1ub6w7inhfnq8r4psuvudwsnuku1f 0 210040 924893 920032 2026-10-20T13:41:01Z ~2026-56327-65 138994 924893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix = [[The Richt Honourable]] |name = Sir Keir Starmer |honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB|KC}} |image = Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg | office = [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]] | monarch = [[Charles III]] | deputy = [[Angela Rayner]] | predecessor = [[Rishi Sunak]] | successor =[[Andy Burnham]] | term_start = 5 Julie 2024 | term_end = 20 Julie 2026 | office1 = [[Leader o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)|Leader o the Opposeetion]] | monarch1 = [[Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Charles III]] | deputy1 = [[Angela Rayner]] | predecessor1 = [[Jeremy Corbyn]] | successor1 = Rishi Sunak | primeminister1 = [[Boris Johnson]]<br>[[Liz Truss]]<br>Rishi Sunak | term_start1 = 4 Aprile 2020 | term_end1 = 5 Julie 2024 | office2 = [[Leader o the Labour Pairty (UK)|Leader o the Labour Pairty]] | term_start2 = 4 Aprile 2020 | deputy2 = Angela Rayner | predecessor2 = Jeremy Corbyn | office3 = [[Shaidae Secretar o State for Exitin the European Union]] | leader3 = Jeremy Corbyn | term_start3 = 6 October 2016 | term_end3 = 4 Aprile 2020 | predecessor3 = [[Emily Thornberry]] | successor3 = Poseetion abolished | office4 = [[Member o Pairlament (Unitit Kinrick)|Member o Pairlament]]<br />for [[Holborn an St Pancras (UK Pairlament constituency)|Holborn an St Pancras]] | term_start4 = 7 Mey 2015 | term_end4 = 1 September 2026 | predecessor4 = [[Frank Dobson]] | successor4 = [[Sagal Abdi-Wali]] | majority4 = 11,572 (30.0%) | office5 = [[Director o Public Prosecutions (Ingland an Wales)|Director of Public Prosecutions]] | term_start5 = 1 November 2008 | term_end5 = 1 November 2013 | predecessor5 = [[Ken Macdonald]] | successor5 = [[Alison Saunders]] |birth_name = Keir Starmer<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=61961 |supp= |page=11776 |date=19 June 2017}}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962|9|2}} |birth_place = [[Southwark]], [[Lunnon]], Ingland |party = [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]] |spouse = {{marriage|Victoria Alexander|2007}} |children = 2 |alma_mater = [[Varsity o Leeds]] ([[LLB]])<br />[[St Edmund Hall, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor o Ceevil Law|BCL]]) |website = {{Offeecial wabsteid|www.keirstarmer.com}} }} '''Sir Keir Rodney Starmer''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCB|KC}} (born 2 September 1962) is a Breetish politeecian an barrister wha servit as the [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick]] fae 5 Julie 2024 tae 20 Julie 2026 an [[Leader o the Labour Party (UK)|Leader o the]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour Pairty]] syne [[2020 Labour Pairty leadership election|4 Aprile 2020]]. He wha sert as [[Member o Pairlament (Unitit Kinrick)|Member o Pairlament]] (MP) for [[Holborn an St Pancras (UK Pairlament constituency)|Holborn an St Pancras]] fra [[2015 Unitit Kinrick general election|2015]] til 2026. Starmer becam Prime Meenister efter Labour defeatit the Conservatives in the 2024 general election. ==References== {{reflist}}{{Stub/Politics}}{{Authority control}} {{Current G8 Leaders}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Starmer, Keir}} [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:Alumni o St Edmund Hall, Oxford]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Leeds]] [[Category:Prime Meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Directors o Public Prosecutions (Ingland an Wales)]] [[Category:Inglis barristers]] [[Category:Inglis Queen's Coonsel]] [[Category:Knichts Commander o the Order o the Bath]] [[Category:Lawers awairdit knichtheids]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Privy Cooncil o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Reigate Grammar School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Kentish Town]] [[Category:Fowk frae Reigate]] [[Category:Queen's Coonsel 2001–]] [[Category:UK MPs 2015–2017]] [[Category:UK MPs 2017–2019]] [[Category:UK MPs 2019–]] [[Category:Leaders o the Labour Pairty (UK)]] [[Category:Leaders o the Opposeetion (Unitit Kinrick)]] 1o9ur5y7hd0zz382p2w81dddfxsh15z 3 234156 924937 2026-10-21T11:52:35Z Grilledcheeseisgreat 135002 /* October 2026 */ new section 924937 wikitext text/x-wiki == October 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-56238-61|yer recent contreibutions]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Grilledcheeseisgreat|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!<!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --> [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 11:52, 21 October 2026 (UTC) tcmagbjlj8444bo9u6sfkp6ika6f3zw