Rennu de Sardigna

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="sc">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>scwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_printzipale</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Ispetziale</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Cuntierra</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Usuàriu</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Cuntierra usuàriu</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Cuntierra Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Cuntierra file</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Cuntierra MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Cuntierra template</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Agiudu</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Cuntierra agiudu</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Categoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Cuntierra categoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Rennu de Sardigna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1918</id>
    <revision>
      <id>190970</id>
      <parentid>190584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T22:28:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>149</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1848).svg with [[File:Civil_Flag_and_civil_Ensign_of_the_Savoyard_States_(1816-1848).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious e</comment>
      <origin>190970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15435" sha1="5c4bs08bsqzo9smlffpb1pisjkdi47r" xml:space="preserve">{{Variant|LOG}} 
{{Variant|NUG}}
[[File:Civil Flag and civil Ensign of the Savoyard States (1816-1848).svg|thumb|247x247px|Bandera|alt=]]
[[File:Kingdom of Sardinia 1815.svg|thumb|248x248px|Rennu de Sardinna in su 1815]]
Cun '''Rennu de Sardigna '''(nùmene uffitziale:''' '''''Rennu de Sardigna, Tzipru e Gerusalemme, Ducadu de Savoja e Monferrato, Printzipadu de Piemonte) ''si faghet comunemente riferimentu a su rennu chi a partire de su [[1720]] fiat suta podèriu de sa dinastia [[Savojas|Savoja]], annu cando s'ìsula e rennu de [[Sardigna]] fiat istada tzedida a su prìntzipe piemontesu [[Votòriu Amedeu II de Savoja]], in cambiapare cun s'[[Impèriu austrìacu|Impèriu de Àustria]] de sa [[Sitzìlia|Sitzìlia]]. Sa Sardigna fiat difatis istada pretzedentemente assignada a custos ùrtimos cun su [[tratadu de Utrecht]] ([[1713]]).  

Su rennu fiat formadu foras de [[Sardigna]]  de su ducadu oe frantzesu de [[Ducadu de Savoja|Savoja]], de su [[printzipadu de Piemonte]], de sa [[Contea de Nitza]] e a partire de su 1815 - annu de concluida de su [[cungressu de Vienna]] - nde faghiat parte fintzas sa [[Liguria|Ligùria]] cun sa capitale sua [[Genova|Gènova]]. In su 1860 su rennu aiat pèrdidu sos territòrios de [[Ducadu de Savoja|Savoja]] e [[Contea de Nitza|Nitza]], tzèdidos a sa [[Frantza]] che pagamentas pro s'azudu in sa gherra contra de sos [[Impèriu austrìacu|austrìacos]]. 

S'istitutzione de su tìtulu de Rennu de Sardigna e Còrsica (''Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae'') remontat a su [[1297]] (o [[1299]]). Pro resòrvere sas cuntierras intre sa [[Corona de Aragona]] e sos [[Angious]] su paba [[Bonifàtziu VIII]], chi pretendiat chi is ìsulas pertènnerent a su [[pabadu]], aiat dadu a su re aragonesu [[Giagu II de Aragona|Jacu II]] ''licentia invadendi'', chi beniat a èssere su deretu de las invàdere e nde las cunchistare. S'efetiva annessione de s'ìsula de Sardigna intrena fiat acontèssida a pustis de sa derrota de su [[Judicadu de Arbaree|Zudigadu de Arbarea]] in su [[1420]]. In su [[1479]] li fiat mudadu nòmine in ''Rennu de Sardigna''. Sa pertinèntzia a sa Corona de Aragona fiat mantenta gasi a pustis de s'unione cun sa [[Corona de Castìllia]] fintzas a su [[1713]], cando fiat tzèdida a sos austrìacos a cunsighidu de sa [[gherra de sutzessione ispagnola]]. A fatu de una recunchista curtza dae s'[[Ispagna]] fiat in fines destinadu a sos Savojas. 

Suta poderiu piemontesu sa capitale polìtica e economica de su rennu fiat tramudada a [[Torino|Torinu]], mancari ufitzialmente intre su [[1326]] e su [[1847]] esseret [[Casteddu]]. Contrassempere a su nùmene sa [[Sardigna]] aiat in realidade pagu importu in sas detzisiones chi pertocaiant s'istadu. Tenta pro tempus mannu prus che totu in cunsideru che possibile territòriu de cambiapare, aiat nointames ondradu sos ''prìntzipes'' de Piemonte de su tìtulu de ''res''.

Sa fine sua currespondet a sa nàschida de su [[Rennu de Itàlia]], de chi est cunsideradu legalmente istadu fundadore.

== Istòria ==
In su [[1297]], addurande galu sa gherra de su ''Vespro'' tra Anzoinos e Aragonesos, su papa [[Bonifaciu ottavu]] aiat cuntzedidu a sos [[Corona de Aragona|Aragonesos]] sa corona de res de Sardinna in cambiu de sa de su [[rennu de Sitzilia]]: una ''licentia invadendi'' in beridade, ca sa [[Sardinna]] aiat zai sas istitutziones suas.

Infattis b'aiant sos Pisanos in [[Casteddu]] e [[Gallura|Gaddura]], sos [[Doria]] in su [[Cabu de susu|Capu de Susu]] e supratottu su [[Judicadu de Arborea|zuigadu de Arborea]].

=== Perìodu aragonesu e ispanniolu ===
{{Càstia fintzas|Regnu de Sardigna (1324-1720)}}
Sos [[Corona de Aragona|Aragonesos]] aiant isettadu belle trint'annos, innantis de si movere. In su [[1323]], però, aiant astrintu una alleantzia cun su zuighe arbarichesu [[Ugone su secundu]] e aiant movidu gherra contras a sos Pisanos de su [[Cabu de giossu|Capu de Sutta]]. In su [[1324]] aiant conchistadu Casteddu e sas [[curadorias]] de cudda banda de s'isula. In su [[1326]] aiant bogadu a fora pro semper sos Pisanos fintzas dae sa tzittade fortificada de Casteddu.

Custa est sa naschida de su Rennu de Sardinna.
De fattu, però, sa bida sua leat caminu in s'annu [[1421]]. A pustis de sa gherra longa cun su [[Giuigadu de Arborea|zuigadu de Arborea]], in su [[1420]] sos Aragonesos aiant ottennidu chi tottu s'isula esseret in sas manos issoro. S'urtimu zuighe arbarichesu, [[Gulliermu de Arbarea|Guillermu de Narbona]], aiat bendidu a sa corona aragonesa su titulu zuigale e sas terras chi galu teniat in s'isula pro chentumiza fiorinos de oro. In su 1421, comente fiamus narende, leat cumintzu s'istoria istitutzionale de su rennu sardu, cun sa prima remunida de su Parlamentu, in [[Casteddu]].
[[File:Sardinia 1324.png|thumb|362x362px|Rennu de Sardigna in su 1324]]
[[File:Kingdom of Sardinia 1368-1388 -- 1392-1409.png|thumb|361x361px|Su Rennu de Sardigna intre 1368 e 1388]]
Sos fattos de importu de s'istoria sua sunt pagos, ca custu periodu est su prus tristu de s'istoria sarda intrea. Sas conditziones de sa bida fiant feas, su [[Feudalèsimu|feudalesimu]], battidu dae sos Cadalanos ind una terra chi non l'aiat mai connottu innantis, destruiat sas istitutziones, sos usos e sa manera de bivere matessi de sos sardos. In prus, mescamente a pustis de sa riforma protestante, sas autoridades aiant fattu intrare in sardinna s'[[Incuisitzione]] ispannola, chi fiat pejus de sa romana. Non fiant tantu sos ereticos luteranos o de atteras fides, chi fiant pessighidos, ma sas [[maghiarja]]s, sos chi connoschiant sos secretos de sas [[pranta]]s e tottus cuddos chi sighiant credentzias diversas dae sa cattolica apostolica decrarada in su [[Conciliu di Trento|Contziliu de Trentu]]. Custu cheret narrer chi belle tottu sa populatzione fiat in periculu de rugher in sas manos de sos incuisitores.

In custos annos de decadentzia, sos barones e sos ecclesiasticos, mancari b'aeret su vis-re cun sos funtzionarios suos, faghiant e disfaghiant sa leze. Fiant issos sos meres de s'isula. Ma non si nde poniant pessamentu meda, si non pro sos privilezios chi aiant. 

Cada deghe annos fiat reunidu su parlamentu. Fiat formadu dae tres bratzos (sos &quot;[[Istamentu|istamentos]]&quot;), in sos cales sedeiant sos rapresentantes de sa nobilesa, de sa cresia e de sas tzittades reales ([[Casteddu]], [[Iglesias]], [[Aristanis]], [[Bosa]], [[Alighera]], [[Tattari]], [[Casteddu Sardu|Castedduaragonesu/Casteddusardu]]). In custa occasione fiat detzisu su ''donativo'', sa tassa chi sos sudditos deviant pacare a su re. Non b'at bisonzu de narrer chi non fiant tzertu sos barones e sos ecclesiasticos a ponner manu a butzaca.

Una bia, però, in su [[1668]], custu ''donativu'' non fiat istadu votadu dae su parlamentu. B'aiat in cuddu periodu una forma de resistentzia de sos nobiles sardos-cadalanos a sas pretesas de su re: cheriant aer pro issos sos titulos e sas caricas uffitziales, in sas cales imbetzes b'aint semper ispannolos numenados in terramanna. Non fiat una reberdia natzionale, però, ca su populu fiat tennidu a largu dae calesisiat isseperu. In su mese de lampadas de cuddu matesi 1668 tando fiat istadu bochidu in casteddu su vis-re matessi, su marchese de Camarassa. Fiat una trampa preparada dae sos nobiles discuntentos e s'iscandalu fiat istadu mannu a beru, finas in [[Madrid]]. Sos chi aiant fattu sa trassa, in pagu tempus, mancari si nch'esserent fughidos in terramanna, ruttos ind unu tranellu preparadu dae su vis-re nou, fiant finidos male: bochidos unu pro unu, s'urtimu, su capu, in pratta, in [[Casteddu]], che a unu bandidu.

=== Perìodu sabàudu ===
{{Càstia fintzas|Regnu de Sardigna (1720-1861)}}[[File:Kingdom of Sardinia 1410-1420.png|thumb|359x359px|Rennu de Sardigna intre sa [[Battalla de Seddori|Batalla de Seddori]] e s'istitutzione de su [[Marchesadu de Aristanis]] (1410-1420)]]
In su [[1720]], a pustis de sa [[Gherra de sutzessione ispagnola|gherra de sutzessione ispannola]], sa corona de Sardinna colat in conca a sos printzipes [[Dinastia Savoja|Savoia]]. Non fiat unu isseperu issoro, nen aggradeschiant de aer custu ligamene cund una &quot;isula de bandidos&quot;, comente la bidiant issos. Ma cheriant su titulu de res, tando, a mala gana, aiant leadu su chi sa sorte lis aiat dadu.

Sos Savoia e sos vis-res piemontesos non sunt istados guvernadores de gabbale. Pro annos e annos ant lassadu chi sas cosas andarent in dae nantis che a semper. 

In su [[1760]] aiant pessadu de fagher impreare s'[[limba italiana|italianu]] che a sa limba uffitziale de s'istadu. Sos Piemontesos non lu faeddaiant, ca preferiant su [[limba frantzesa|frantzesu]], e sos sardos nemmancu, ca sas limbas de su rennu fiant istadas finas a tando su [[limba sarda|sardu]], su [[limba catalana|catalanu]] e s'[[limba ispagnola|ispannolu]]. Carchi istudiosu sardu aiat antzis artziadu una polemica manna contras a custu decretu: sa limba de sos sardos deviat esser su sardu e bia.
S'italianu at pigadu pede in sos usos uffitziales a sa fine de su seculu de degheotto, ma galu pro meda tempus nemos l'at faeddadu.
[[File:Kingdom of Sardinia &amp; Royal cities - 16th century.png|thumb|359x359px|Rennu de Sardigna (cun tzitades reàles inditadas) fintzas a su 1720]]
De sos annos [[1793]]-[[1796]] sunt sos fattos fattos prus de importu de su seculu. sas conditziones economicas de s'isula, mancari esserent mudadas a bellu a bellu in sos urtimos annos, non fiant però bonas e nemmancu discretas. B'aiant problemas mannos chi su guvernu tzegu e prepotente de sos [[Piemonte|Piemontesos]] aiat fattu creschere, antzis chi los acabare. cando sos [[Frantza|Frantzesos]] si tuccant pro invadere s'isula, sos [[Piemonte|Piemontesos]] s'abarrant firmos, sena faghere unu isseperu. Sos barones e sos ecclesiasticos, timende de perdere sas richesas e sos privilezios, ca sos Frantzesos pro issos fiant tottus zacobinos periculosos, aiant organizadu sa difesa. Sos sardos, male armados e pagu prontos, aiant ghettadu in dae segus sos invasores. A cuddu puntu, su guvernu piemontesu deviat a su mancu narrer grassias a sos sudditos e a sos chi los aiant ghiados in sa difesa de s'isula. Su parlamentu aiat imviadu chimbe dimandas a su re Savoia, pro chi esserent reconnottos sos meritos de sos barones sardos.

Su re, imbetzes, aiat rispostu de mala manera e cun pagu grabbu.
In su 28 de aprile de su [[1794]] sa populatzione de [[Casteddu]], pesada contras a sos funtzionarios istranzos dae sos chi aiant ghiadu sa resistentzia contras a sos frantzesos, aiant duncas bogadu a fora de sa tzittade e de s'isula tottus sos Piemontesos.

Tottu sa Sardinna fiat in bulluzu. Sos massajos leaiant sas armas e non pacaiant prus sos tributos feudales, sa situatzione pariat fughire dae manu a sos chi l'aiant criada.

Dae tottu custu, essit a campu sa figura manna de [[Giovanni Maria Angioy]], abocadu de [[Bono]]. Imbiadu in [[Tattari]] cun sa carica de &quot;alternos&quot; (chi cheret narrer belle de vis-re), antzis de facher acabare sas reberdias, si ponet a sa ghia de sa rivolutzione, cun s'intedimentu de bortulare sas istitutziones feudales e de decrarare sa repubrica.

In mentras chi issu e sos chi lu fiant sighinde falaiant armados dae su [[Cabu de susu|Capu de Susu]], sos barones e sos riccos chi l'aiant sustennidu finas a tando aiant pessadu bene a du chi lis cunbeniat e l'aiant lassadu solu. Medas massajos e belle tottus sos pastores, timende de perdere cun sa rivolutzione su chi aiant, no aiant leadu parte peruna a su motu rivolutzionariu. A curtzu a [[Aristanis]], abarradu cun pagos cumpanzos male armados, [[Giovanni Maria Angioy|Zommaria Anzoi]] devet rinuntziare a s'atzione sua. Resessit a si fughire in [[Corsica]] e a pustis in [[Frantza]], inue si nche morit disterradu e poveru carchi annu prus a tardu.

Gai finit sa rivolutzione sarda.
Sos Piemontesos, torrados in s'isula cun su gradimentu de sos nobiles e de sos ecclesiasticos, ponent ordine in s'isula sena peruna piedade. Biddas intreas finint derruttas e sas populatziones issoro pessighidas che sos pejus bandidos, finas feminas, betzos e pitzinnos. Sos amigos de Zommaria Anzoi, chie ind unu momentu, chie pagu a pustis, sunt cundennados a morte e bochidos in pratta.

Cando [[Napoleone Bonaparte|Napoleone]] intrat cun sas troppas suas in [[Piemonte]], sos [[Domo Savoja|Savoia]] matessi podent acatare amparu in [[Casteddu]], chi pro carchi tempus est sa capitale unica de su rennu.
 
Su Rennu de Sardinna addurat finas a su [[1861]], cando mudat numene, diventande [[Rennu de Itàlia|Rennu de Italia]]. 

== Bibliografia ==

* {{Tzita libru|nùmene=Frantziscu Tzèsare|sambenadu=Casula|wkautore=Francesco Cesare Casula|tìtulu=Sìntesi de Istòria Sardu-Italiana|annu=2011|editore=Delfino|tzitade=Tàtari|ISBN=978-88-7138-606-5}}
* {{Tzita libru|nùmene=Raimondo|sambenadu=Carta Raspi|wkautore=Raimondo Carta Raspi|tìtulu=Storia della Sardegna|year=1999|url=https://archive.org/details/storiadellasarde0000unse|annu=1971|editore=Mursia|tzitade=Milanu|limba=it|OCLC=462998915|ISBN=9788842506850|SBN=IT\ICCU\TO0\0752056}}

* {{Tzita libru|nùmene=Francesco Cesare|sambenadu=Casula|wkautore=Francesco Cesare Casula|tìtulu=La storia di Sardegna|annu=1994|editore=Delfino|tzitade=Tàtari|limba=it|ISBN=88-7138-063-0}}

* {{Tzita libru|autore=Circolo culturale sardo Logudoro, Regione autonoma della Sardegna, Federazione Associazioni sarde in Italia|tìtulu=Dalla cacciata dei piemontesi (1794) alla &quot;perfetta fusione&quot; (1847) e all'autonomia regionale (1948) : Convegno in occasione della celebrazione de Sa die de sa Sardigna|annu=2012|editore=Circolo culturale sardo Logudoro|limba=it, sc}}

* {{Tzita libru|nùmene=Omar|sambenadu=Onnis|tìtulu=La Sardegna e i sardi nel tempo|annu=2015|editore=Arkadia|tzitade=Casteddu|limba=it}}

* {{Tzita libru|nùmene=Francesco|sambenadu=Casula|wkautore=Frantziscu Casula|tìtulu=Carlo Felice e i tiranni sabaudi|editzione=1|annu=2016|editore=Grafica del Parteolla|tzitade=Patiolla|limba=it|OCLC=980297209|ISBN=978-88-6791-124-0}}

== Boghes chi ligant ==
* [[Lista de sos res de Sardigna]]
* [[Regnu de Sardigna (1324-1720)]]
* [[Regnu de Sardigna (1720-1861)]]
* [[Rennu de Itàlia|Regnu de Itàlia]]

== Ligàmenes esternos ==

* {{Tzita web|url=http://www.sardegnacultura.it/periodosistoricos/aragonesuispagnolu/|tìtulu=Perìodos Istòricos - Aragonesu e ispagnolu|situ=www.sardegnacultura.it|atzessu=2020-03-30|dataarchìviu=2020-07-24|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724003610/http://www.sardegnacultura.it/periodosistoricos/aragonesuispagnolu/|urlmortu=eja}}
* {{Tzita web|url=http://www.sardegnacultura.it/periodosistoricos/rennudesardigna/|tìtulu=Perìodos Istòricos - Rennu de Sardigna|situ=www.sardegnacultura.it|atzessu=2020-03-30|dataarchìviu=2020-07-23|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723171634/http://www.sardegnacultura.it/periodosistoricos/rennudesardigna/|urlmortu=eja}}
* {{Tzita web|url=https://sardignaemediterraneu.alfaeditrice.it/index.php/m-pos7-p1setz3/m-pos7-p1setz3-al|tìtulu=Sa Sardigna Ispagnola|situ=sardignaemediterraneu.alfaeditrice.it|atzessu=2020-03-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Tzita web|url=https://sardignaemediterraneu.alfaeditrice.it/index.php/m-pos7-p1setz4-setz5|tìtulu=Dae sos Savoja a s'Autonomia (XVIII-XXI)|situ=sardignaemediterraneu.alfaeditrice.it|atzessu=2020-03-30}}

{{Controllu de autoridade}}

[[Categoria:Istòria]]
[[Categoria:Istòria de Sardigna]]
[[Categoria:Rennu de Sardigna| ]]
[[Categoria:Istados istoricos]]</text>
      <sha1>5c4bs08bsqzo9smlffpb1pisjkdi47r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Common.css</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>3988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>190965</id>
      <parentid>166957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T12:03:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maintenance script</username>
        <id>8769</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Use thumb.wikimedia.org for thumbnails ([[phab:T427465]], Operator: Ladsgroup)</comment>
      <origin>190965</origin>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="28768" sha1="gorj9hlw8uurt0lm7vb7et7wvlzq5r0" xml:space="preserve">/*
ATTENTION ADMINISTRATORS:
 
This is the CSS for all skins. Any major changes to this page or
[[MediaWiki:Monobook.css|Monobook.css]] should be first proposed on
the [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)|Village pump]].  
 
Testing can be done on your own user Monobook.css. In [[Mozilla]] and
[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], you can also test style changes dynamically
with the [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html test styles]
bookmarklet from squarefree.com. It pops up a window for adding style rules,
and updates the page as you type.
 

See also: [[Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes|catalogue of CSS classes]].
 
Thank you.
*/
 
/* &lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt; */
 
/* Main page fixes */
#interwiki-completelist {
    font-weight: bold;
}

body.page-Main_Page #ca-delete {
    display: none !important;
}

/* Add space below the toolbar */
#toolbar {
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

/* make the list of references look smaller */
ol.references {
    font-size: 90%;
}

.references-small { font-size: 90%;}

/* VALIDATOR NOTICE: the following is correct, but the W3C validator doesn't accept it */
/* -moz-* is a vendor-specific extension (CSS 2.1 4.1.2.1) */
/* column-count is from the CSS3 module &quot;CSS Multi-column Layout&quot; */
/* Please ignore any validator errors caused by these two lines */
.references-2column {
    font-size: 90%;
    -moz-column-count: 2;
    -webkit-column-count: 2;
    column-count: 2;
}

.same-bg { background: none; }

/* Highlight clicked reference in blue to help navigation */
ol.references &gt; li:target {
    background-color: #DEF;
}

sup.reference:target { 
    background-color: #DEF;
}

/* Styling for citations */
cite {
    font-style: normal;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* If there is an inline link to a full citation, the full citation will turn blue when the inline link is clicked */
cite:target { 
    background-color: #DEF;
}

/* Do not expand URLs within citations for printing. The URLs should be included explicitly, to avoid confusion */

@media print {
    #content cite a.external.text:after {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* For linked citation numbers and document IDs, where the number need not be shown on a screen or a handheld, but should be included in the printed version */

@media screen, handheld, projection {
    cite *.printonly {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* wikitable/prettytable class for skinning normal tables */
table.wikitable,
table.prettytable {
    margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;
    background: #f9f9f9;
    border: 1px #aaa solid;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

table.wikitable th, table.wikitable td,
table.prettytable th, table.prettytable td {
    border: 1px #aaa solid;
    padding: 0.2em;
}

table.wikitable th,
table.prettytable th {
    background: #f2f2f2;
    text-align: center;
}

table.wikitable caption,
table.prettytable caption {
    margin-left: inherit;
    margin-right: inherit;
    font-weight: bold;
}

table.prettytable code,
table.wikitable code {
    background-color: transparent;
}

/* default skin for navigation boxes */
table.navbox {            /* navbox container style */
  border:1px solid #aaa;
  width:100%; 
  margin:auto;
  clear:both;
  font-size:88%;
  text-align:center;
  padding:1px;
}
table.navbox + table.navbox {
  margin-top:-1px;        /* single pixel border between adjacent navboxes (doesn't work for IE6, but that's okay) */
}
.navbox-title, .navbox-abovebelow, table.navbox th {
  text-align:center;      /* title and above/below styles */
  padding-left:1em;
  padding-right:1em;
}
.navbox-group {           /* group style */
  white-space:nowrap;
  text-align:right;
  font-weight:bold;
  padding-left:1em;
  padding-right:1em;
}
.navbox, .navbox-subgroup {
  background:#fdfdfd;     /* Background color */
}
.navbox-list {
  border-color:#fdfdfd;   /* Must match background color */
}
.navbox-title, table.navbox th {
  background:#ccccff;     /* Level 1 color */
}
.navbox-abovebelow, .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title {
  background:#ddddff;     /* Level 2 color */
}
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow {
  background:#e6e6ff;     /* Level 3 color */
}
.navbox-even {
  background:#f7f7f7;     /* Even row striping */
}
.navbox-odd {
  background:transparent; /* Odd row striping */
}
 
@media print {
    .navbox {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    color: black;
    margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
    padding: 0.2em;
    float: right;
    clear: right;
}
.infobox td,
.infobox th {
    vertical-align: top;
}
.infobox caption {
    font-size: larger;
    margin-left: inherit;
}
.infobox.bordered {
    border-collapse: collapse;
}
.infobox.bordered td,
.infobox.bordered th {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.infobox.bordered .borderless td,
.infobox.bordered .borderless th {
    border: 0;
}

.infobox.sisterproject {
    width: 20em;
    font-size: 90%;
}

@media print {
    .infobox.sisterproject {
        display: none;
    }
}

.infobox.standard-talk {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
    background-color: #f8eaba;
}
.infobox.standard-talk.bordered td,
.infobox.standard-talk.bordered th {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
}

/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th {
    border: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
    border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow th {
    border: 0;
    border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* Styles for geography infoboxes, e.g. countries, country subdivisions, cities, etc. */
.infobox.geography {
    text-align: left;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    line-height: 1.2em; 
    font-size: 90%;
}

.infobox.geography  td,
.infobox.geography  th {
    border-top: solid 1px #aaa;
    padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;
}
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th {
    border-top: solid 1px #aaa;
    padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedrow th {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th {
    border-top: 0;
    border-bottom: solid 1px #aaa;
    padding: 0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .maptable td,
.infobox.geography .maptable th {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

/* Style for &quot;notices&quot; */
.notice {
    margin: 1em;
    padding: 0.2em;
}

#disambig {
    border-top: 1px solid #ccc; 
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}

/* Persondata and other (future) metadata */
table.InChI, /* temporary */
table.persondata {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    display: none;
    speak: none;
}
.InChI-label, /* temporary */
.persondata-label {
    color: #aaa;
}

/* Makes redirects appear in italics in categories and on [[Special:Allpages]] */
.redirect-in-category, .allpagesredirect {
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Class for links with loudspeaker icon next to them */
/* (Used in [[Template:Audio]] and the like to make the speaker clickable) */

.audiolink a {
    background: url(&quot;//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png&quot;) center left no-repeat !important;
    padding-left: 16px !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Icons for medialist templates [[Template:Listen]], [[Template:Multi-listen_start]], [[Template:Video]], [[Template:Multi-video_start]] */

div.listenlist {
    background: url(&quot;//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/30px-Gnome-speakernotes.png&quot;);
    padding-left: 40px;
}

div.videolist, div.multivideolist {
    background: url(&quot;//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/40px-Tango-video-x-generic.png&quot;);
    padding-left: 50px;
}

/* Style rules for media list templates */
div.medialist {
    min-height: 50px;
    margin: 1em;
    background-position: top left;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

div.medialist ul {
    list-style-type: none; 
    list-style-image: none;
    margin: 0;
}

div.medialist ul li {
    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}

div.medialist ul li li {
    font-size: 91%;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon for all PDF files */
/* (in browsers that support these CSS selectors, like Mozilla and Opera) */
#bodyContent a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.pdf?&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.pdf#&quot;].external,
#bodyContent a[href$=&quot;.PDF&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.PDF?&quot;].external, 
#bodyContent a[href*=&quot;.PDF#&quot;].external,
#mw_content a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external, 
#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.pdf?&quot;].external, 
#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.pdf#&quot;].external,
#mw_content a[href$=&quot;.PDF&quot;].external, 
#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.PDF?&quot;].external, 
#mw_content a[href*=&quot;.PDF#&quot;].external {
    background: url(//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) center right no-repeat;
    padding-right: 16px;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon anywhere the PDFlink class */
/* is used (notably Template:PDFlink). This works in IE, unlike the above. */
span.PDFlink a {
    background: url(//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) center right no-repeat !important;
    padding-right: 17px !important;
}

span.geolink a {
    background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a7/Monobook-globe.png) center right no-repeat !important;
    padding-right: 11px !important;
}

/* Content in columns with CSS instead of tables [[Template:Columns]] */
div.columns-2 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 50%;
    min-width: 300px;
}

div.columns-3 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 33.3%;
    min-width: 200px;
}

div.columns-4 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 25%;
    min-width: 150px;
}

div.columns-5 div.column {
    float: left;
    width: 20%;
    min-width: 120px;
}

/*Add formatting to make sure that &quot;external references&quot; from [[Template:Ref]] do
  not get URL expansion, not even when printed. The mechanism up to MediaWiki 1.4 was
  that the HTML code contained a SPAN following the anchor A; this SPAN had the class
  &quot;urlexpansion&quot;, which was not displayed on screen, but was shown when the medium was
  &quot;print&quot;. The rules below ensure (a) that there is no extra padding to the right of
  the anchor (displayed as &quot;[&lt;number&gt;]&quot;), (b) that there is no &quot;external link arrow&quot; for
  the link, and (c) that this SPAN of class &quot;urlexpansion&quot; is never shown.
  ~~~~
*/

.plainlinksneverexpand {
    background: none ! important;
    padding: 0 ! important;
}

.plainlinksneverexpand .urlexpansion {
    display: none ! important;
}

/* Make sure that ext links displayed within &quot;plainlinksneverexpand&quot; don't get
   the arrow...
*/
.plainlinksneverexpand a {
    background: none !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

/* With MediaWiki 1.5, the mechanism has changed: instead of a SPAN of class &quot;urlexpansion&quot;
   following the anchor A, the anchor itself now has class &quot;external autonumber&quot; and the
   expansion is inserted when printing (see the common printing style sheet at
   //en.wikipedia.org/w/skins/common/commonPrint.css) using the &quot;:after&quot; pseudo-
   element of CSS. We have to switch this off for links due to Template:Ref!
*/
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after {
    display: none !important;
}
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.autonumber:after {
    display: none !important;
}

/* Messagebox templates */
.messagebox {
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    width: 80%;
    margin: 0 auto 1em auto;
    padding: .2em;
}
.messagebox.merge {
    border: 1px solid #c0b8cc;
    background-color: #f0e5ff;
    text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.cleanup {
    border: 1px solid #9f9fff;
    background-color: #efefff;
    text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.standard-talk {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
    background-color: #f8eaba;
}
.messagebox.nested-talk {
    border: 1px solid #c0c090;
    background-color: #f8eaba;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 2px 0 0 0;
    padding: 2px;
}
.messagebox.small {
    width: 238px;
    font-size: 85%;
    float: right;
    clear: both;
    margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
    line-height: 1.25em; 
}
.messagebox.small-talk {
    width: 238px;
    font-size: 85%;
    float: right;
    clear: both;
    margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
    line-height: 1.25em; 
    background: #F8EABA;
}


/* Article message box styles */
table.ambox {            /* 10% = Will not overlap with other elements */
    margin: -1px 10% 0px;    /* -1px = Single border between stacked boxes in all browsers */
    border: 1px solid #aaa; 
    border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
    background: #fbfbfb; 
}
th.ambox-text, td.ambox-text {     /* The message body cell(s) */
    border: none; 
    padding: 0.25em 0.5em;         /* 0.5em left/right */
    width: 100%;                   /* Make all templates the same width regardless of text length */
}
td.ambox-image {                   /* The left image cell */
    border: none; 
    padding: 2px 0 2px 0.5em;      /* 0.5em left, 0px right */
    text-align: center; 
}
td.ambox-imageright {              /* The right image cell */
    border: none; 
    padding: 2px 0.5em 2px 0;      /* 0px left, 0.5em right */
    text-align: center; 
}
 
table.ambox-notice {
    border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff;    /* Blue */
}
table.ambox-speedy {
    border-left: 10px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #fee;                   /* Pink */
}
table.ambox-delete,
table.ambox-serious {
    border-left: 10px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
}
table.ambox-content {
    border-left: 10px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}
table.ambox-style {
    border-left: 10px solid #f4c430;    /* Yellow */
}
table.ambox-move,
table.ambox-merge {
    border-left: 10px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}
table.ambox-protection {
    border-left: 10px solid #bba;       /* Gray-gold */
}
table.ambox.ambox-mini {    /* Small floating box variant */
    float: right;
    clear: right;
    margin: 0 0 0 1em;
    width: 25%;
}
@media print {              /* Do not print article message boxes */
    .ambox {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* Image message box styles */
table.imbox {
    margin: 4px 10%; 
    border-collapse: collapse; 
    border: 3px solid #1e90ff;    /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
    background: #fbfbfb;
}
.imbox-text .imbox {      /* For imboxes inside imbox-text cells. */
    margin: 0 -0.5em;     /* 0.9 - 0.5 = 0.4em left/right. */
}
.mbox-inside .imbox {    /* For imboxes inside other templates. */
    margin: 4px;
}
th.imbox-text, td.imbox-text {    /* The message body cell(s) */
    border: none; 
    padding: 0.25em 0.9em;        /* 0.9em left/right */
    width: 100%;
}
td.imbox-image {                  /* The left image cell */
    border: none; 
    padding: 2px 0 2px 0.9em;     /* 0.9em left, 0px right */
    text-align: center; 
}
td.imbox-imageright {             /* The right image cell */
    border: none;
    padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0;     /* 0px left, 0.9em right */
    text-align: center; 
}
 
table.imbox-notice {
    border: 3px solid #1e90ff;    /* Blue */
}
table.imbox-speedy {
    border: 3px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #fee;             /* Pink */
}
table.imbox-delete {
    border: 3px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
}
table.imbox-content {
    border: 3px solid #f28500;    /* Orange */
}
table.imbox-style {
    border: 3px solid #f4c430;    /* Yellow */
}
table.imbox-move {
    border: 3px solid #9932cc;    /* Purple */
}
table.imbox-protection {
    border: 3px solid #bba;       /* Gray-gold */
}
table.imbox-license {
    border: 3px solid #88a;       /* Dark gray */
    background: #f7f8ff;          /* Light gray */
}
table.imbox-featured {
    border: 3px solid #cba135;    /* Brown-gold */
}

/* Category message box styles */
table.cmbox {
    margin: -1px 10%;
    border: 1px solid #aaa; 
    background: #DFE8FF;           /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
}
th.cmbox-text, td.cmbox-text {     /* The message body cell(s) */
    border: none; 
    padding: 0.25em 0.5em;         /* 0.5em left/right */
    width: 100%;
}
td.cmbox-image {                   /* The left image cell */
    border: none; 
    padding: 2px 0 2px 0.5em;      /* 0.5em left, 0px right */
    text-align: center; 
}
td.cmbox-imageright {              /* The right image cell */
    border: none;
    padding: 2px 0.8em 2px 0;      /* 0px left, 0.8em right */
    text-align: center; 
}
 
table.cmbox-notice {
    background: #DFE8FF;    /* Blue */
}
table.cmbox-speedy {
    margin-top: 1px;
    margin-bottom: 1px;
    border: 4px solid #b22222;    /* Red */
    background: #FFDBDB;          /* Pink */
}
table.cmbox-delete {
    background: #FFDBDB;    /* Red */
}
table.cmbox-content {
    background: #FFE7CE;    /* Orange */
}
table.cmbox-style {
    background: #FFF9DB;    /* Yellow */
}
table.cmbox-move {
    background: #F1D0FF;    /* Purple */
}
table.cmbox-protection {
    background: #EFEFE1;    /* Gray-gold */
}


/* Put a checker background at the image description page only visible if the image has transparent background */
#file img {
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png&quot;) repeat;
}

/* Support for Template:IPA, Template:Unicode and Template:Polytonic. The inherit declaration resets the font for all browsers except MSIE6.  The empty comment must remain. Please copy any changes to [[Template:IPA fonts]] and [[Template:Unicode fonts]]. */
.IPA {
    font-family: &quot;Charis SIL&quot;, &quot;Doulos SIL&quot;, Gentium, GentiumAlt, &quot;DejaVu Sans&quot;, Code2000, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Chrysanthi Unicode&quot;;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.Unicode {
    font-family: Code2000, Code2001, &quot;Free Serif&quot;, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, &quot;Doulos SIL&quot;, &quot;Chrysanthi Unicode&quot;, &quot;Bitstream Cyberbit&quot;, &quot;Bitstream CyberBase&quot;, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, &quot;Free Sans&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.latinx {
    font-family: Code2000, Code2001, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&quot;;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.polytonic {
    font-family: &quot;Athena Unicode&quot;, Gentium, &quot;Palatino Linotype&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, Code2000; 
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
.mufi {
    font-family: Alphabetum, Cardo, LeedsUni, Junicode, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, ALPHA-Demo;
}

/* Pseudo-classes in support of [[Template:lang]]. */

:lang(he) {
    font-family: &quot;SBL Hebrew&quot;, &quot;Ezra SIL SR&quot;, &quot;Ezra SIL&quot;, Cardo, &quot;Chrysanthi Unicode&quot;, &quot;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, Narkisim, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(fa) {
    font-family: &quot;Nafees Nastaleeq&quot;, &quot;Pak Nastaleeq&quot;, PDMS_Jauhar;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(ps) {
    font-family: &quot;Nafees Nastaleeq&quot;, &quot;Pak Nastaleeq&quot;, PDMS_Jauhar;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(ur) {
    font-family: &quot;Nafees Nastaleeq&quot;, &quot;Pak Nastaleeq&quot;, PDMS_Jauhar;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(sux-Xsux) {
    font-family: Akkadian;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(ja) {
       font-family: Code2000, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Bitstream Cyberbit&quot;, &quot;Bitstream CyberCJK&quot;, IPAGothic, IPAPGothic, IPAUIGothic, &quot;Kochi Gothic&quot;, IPAMincho, IPAPMincho;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(ko) {
    font-family: &quot;Adobe Myungjo Std M&quot;, AppleMyungjo, &quot;Baekmuk Batang&quot;, &quot;Baekmuk Gulim&quot;, Batang, Dotum, DotumChe, Gulim, GulimChe, HYGothic-Extra, HYMyeongJo-Extra, &quot;New Gulim&quot;, UnBatang, UnDotum, UnYetgul, UWKMJF;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(zh-Hans) {
    font-family: &quot;Adobe Song Std L&quot;, &quot;AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni&quot;, &quot;AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni MBE&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;, &quot;MS Song&quot;, SimHei;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(zh-Hant) {
    font-family: &quot;Adobe Ming Std L&quot;, &quot;AR PL New Sung&quot;, &quot;AR PL ZenKai Uni&quot;, &quot;AR PL ZenKai Uni MBE&quot;, MingLiU, PMingLiU;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}
:lang(grc) {
    font-family: &quot;Athena Unicode&quot;, Gentium, &quot;Palatino Linotype&quot;, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, Code2000;
    font-family /**/:inherit;
}

#wpSave {
    font-weight: bold;
}

/* class hiddenStructure is defunct. See [[Wikipedia:hiddenStructure]] */
.hiddenStructure {
    display: none;
}

/* suppress missing interwiki image links where #ifexist cannot be used due to high number of requests */
/* use restricted to rail icon management pages */
/* see .hidden-redlink on //meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.css */
.check-icon a.new {
    display: none; 
    speak:none;
}

/* Removes underlines from links */
.nounderlines a { 
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Remove underline from IPA links */
.IPA a:link, .IPA a:visited {
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Removes useless links from printout */
@media print {
    #privacy, #about, #disclaimer {display:none;}
}

#EnWpMpBook { background-image: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/MP-open-book.png); }
#EnWpMpSearch { background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/MP-magnifying-glass.png) no-repeat top right; }
#EnWpMpSearchInner { float: right; width: 20em; text-align: center; }
#EnWpMpBook2 { background-image: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/MP-open-book2.png); }

/* Standard Navigationsleisten, aka box hiding thingy from .de.  Documentation at [[Wikipedia:NavFrame]]. */

div.Boxmerge,
div.NavFrame {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 4px;
    border: 1px solid #aaa;
    text-align: center;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 95%;
}
div.Boxmerge div.NavFrame {
    border-style: none;
    border-style: hidden;
}
div.NavFrame + div.NavFrame {
    border-top-style: none;
    border-top-style: hidden;
}
div.NavPic {
    background-color: #fff;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 2px;
    float: left;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavHead {
    height: 1.6em;
    font-weight: bold;
    background-color: #ccf;
    position:relative;
}
div.NavFrame p {
    font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavContent {
    font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavContent p {
    font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavEnd {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    line-height: 1px;
    clear: both;
}
a.NavToggle {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 3px;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 90%;
}

/* Coloured watchlist numbers */
.mw-plusminus-pos {
    color: #006400; /* darkgreen */
}

/* .mw-plusminus-null currently at developer default */

.mw-plusminus-neg {
    color: #8B0000; /* darkred */
}

.dablink {
    font-style: italic;
    padding-left: 2em;
}

.dablink i {
    font-style: normal;
}

/* Style for horizontal UL lists */
.horizontal ul {
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.horizontal li { 
    padding: 0 0.6em 0 0.4em;
    display: inline;
    border-right: 1px solid;
}

.horizontal li:last-child {
    border-right: none;
    padding-right: 0;
}

/* Geographical coordinates 

To display coordinates using the notation in the source code, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css:
   .geo-default { display: inline } .geo-nondefault { display: none } 
   .geo-dec { display: inline } .geo-dms { display: inline }

To display coordinates using decimal notation, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css:
   .geo-default { display: inline } .geo-nondefault { display: inline } 
   .geo-dec { display: inline } .geo-dms { display: none }

To display coordinates using DMS notation, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css:
   .geo-default { display: inline } .geo-nondefault { display: inline } 
   .geo-dec { display: none }   .geo-dms { display: inline }

To display coordinates in both decimal and DMS notation, write this in your User:Username/monobook.css:
   .geo-default { display: inline } .geo-nondefault { display: inline } 
   .geo-dec { display: inline }   .geo-dms { display: inline }
   .geo-multi-punct { display: inline }

See [[Template:Coor link]] for how these are used.

Note that the classes &quot;geo&quot;, &quot;longitude&quot;, and &quot;latitude&quot; are not just styles but also used by the [[Geo microformat]], so the names should not be changed.

*/

.geo-default { display: inline; }
.geo-nondefault { display: none; }
.geo-dms { display: inline; }
.geo-dec { display: inline; }
.geo-multi-punct { display: none; }

.longitude, .latitude {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* This is used for the Geo microformat, but no style is needed for now other than .geo-dec. */
.geo { }

/***** end Geo-related */

/* When &lt;div class=&quot;nonumtoc&quot;&gt; is used on the table of contents, the ToC will display without numbers */
.nonumtoc .tocnumber { display:none; }
.nonumtoc #toc ul,
.nonumtoc .toc ul {
    line-height: 1.5em;
    list-style: none;
    margin: .3em 0 0;
    padding: 0;
}
.nonumtoc #toc ul ul, 
.nonumtoc .toc ul ul { 
    margin: 0 0 0 2em; 
}

/* Allow limiting of which header levels are shown in a TOC; &lt;div class=&quot;toclimit-3&quot;&gt;, for
   instance, will limit to showing ==headings== and ===headings=== but no further (as long as
   there are no =headings= on the page, which there shouldn't be according to the MoS). */
.toclimit-2 .toclevel-2 {display:none;}
.toclimit-3 .toclevel-3 {display:none;}
.toclimit-4 .toclevel-4 {display:none;}
.toclimit-5 .toclevel-5 {display:none;}
.toclimit-6 .toclevel-6 {display:none;}
.toclimit-7 .toclevel-7 {display:none;}

/* Allow transcluded pages to display in lists rather than a table. Compatible in Firefox; incompatible in IE6. */
.listify td {display:list-item;}
.listify tr {display:block;}
.listify table {display:block;}

/* Styling for Template:Quote */

blockquote.templatequote { margin-top: 0; }

blockquote.templatequote div.templatequotecite { 
    line-height: 1em;
    text-align: left;
    padding-left: 2em;
    margin-top: 0;
}

blockquote.templatequote div.templatequotecite cite {
    font-size: 85%;
}

div.user-block {
    padding: 5px;
    border: 1px solid #A9A9A9;
    background-color: #FFEFD5;
}

/* Prevents line breaks in links; see docs at Template:Nowraplinks */

.nowraplinks a {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* For template documentation */
.template-documentation {
    clear: both;
    margin: 1em 0 0 0;
    border: 1px solid #aaa; 
    background-color: #ecfcf4; 
    padding: 5px;
}

.thumbinner {
    min-width: 100px;
}

/* Inline div's in ImageMaps (code borrowed from de.wiki) */
.imagemap-inline div {
    display: inline;
}

/* Increase the height of the image upload box */
#wpUploadDescription {
    height: 13em;
}

/* Reduce line-height for &lt;sup&gt; and &lt;sub&gt; */
sup, sub {
    line-height: 1em;
}

/* Skinnable CSS for assessment grades */
.assess-FA {
    background-color: #6699ff
}
.assess-FA-text {
    color: #0066cc
}

.assess-A {
    background-color: #66ffff
}
.assess-A-text {
    color: #007bff
}

.assess-GA {
    background-color: #66ff66
}
.assess-GA-text {
    color: #007700
}

.assess-B {
    background-color: #b2ff66
}
.assess-B-text {
    color: #66b600
}

.assess-C {
    background-color: #ffff66
}
.assess-C-text {
    color: #999933
}

.assess-Start {
    background-color: #ffaa66
}
.assess-Start-text {
    color: #bb6600
}

.assess-Stub {
    background-color: #ff6666
}
.assess-Stub-text {
    color: #990011
}

.assess-List {
    background-color: #aa88ff
}
.assess-List-text {
    color: #aa88ff
}

.assess-Dab {
    background-color: #00fa9a
}
.assess-Dab-text {
    color: #00fa9a
}

/* Pro imboscare su tìtulu dae sa pàgina prinztipale */
.page-Pàgina_printzipale .firstHeading, .page-Pàgina_printzipale .subpages, .page-Pàgina_printzipale #siteSub { display: none; }

/* &lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt; */

/* Classe pro templates sinòticos */
 
.sinòticu {
    border:1px solid #aaaaaa;
    background-color:#f9f9f9;
    padding:3px;
    font-size: 95%;
    clear:right;
    width:250px;
    float:right;
    margin: 0 0 1em .5em;
    vertical-align: top;
}
 
.sinòticu th {
    background-color: #f2f2f2;
    padding: 0em 0.5em;
    text-align: right;
    vertical-align: top;
}
 
.sinòticu td {
    padding: 0em 0.2em;
    vertical-align: top;
}
 
.sinòticu_testada th {
    font-size: 120%;
    padding: 0em 0.5em;
    background-color: #dedede;
    text-align: center;
}
 
.sinòticu_pee {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 90%;
    background:#EFEFEF;
}

.sinòticu_pee2 { /* pee de duos cun sos ligàmenes fissos a wikidata/man */
	text-align: right;
	font-size: xx-small;
	padding-bottom: 0;
	background-color: white;
}
 
.sinòticu_partzidura th {
    color: black;
    font-size: 100%;
    padding: 0em 0.5em;
    background-color: #eeeeee;
    text-align: center;
}

.sinòticu_sutapartzidura th {
    color: black;
    font-size: 90%;
    background-color: #FFFFFF;
    text-align: center;
}
/* Fine classes pro templates sinòticos */</text>
      <sha1>gorj9hlw8uurt0lm7vb7et7wvlzq5r0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sadurru de Casteddu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21773</id>
    <revision>
      <id>190969</id>
      <parentid>176315</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T20:08:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-55442-08</username>
        <id>30376</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>190969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4221" sha1="drddpkxpmjckvhfxvzhirhs6sxxmxip" xml:space="preserve">{{Variant|CAM}}
[[File:Cagliari Sardinia Duomo Portal Santus Saturnus.jpg|thumb|Santu Sadurru in su portali de sa Seu de Casteddu.]]
{{Bio|PreData=''Saturnus'' o ''Saturninus'' in [[limba latina|latinu]], e ''Saturnino'' in [[limba italiana|italianu]]|Sesso=M|NoteMorte=|Epoca=200|Epoca2=300|FineIncipit=est stau unu [[Cristianèsimu|cristianu]] biviu in [[Sardigna]] e, segundu su connotu, martirizau duranti is persecutzionis de s'imperadori Diocletzianu. Venerau de sa Crésia catòlica, est su patronu de sa citadi de [[Casteddu]] e de s'[[Arcidiòtzesi de Casteddu|arcidiòtzesi]] cosa sua|Nòmene=Sadurru|AnnuNascita=285|DieMeseNascita=|AnnuMorte=304|LoguNascita=Casteddu|LoguMorte=Casteddu|DieMeseMorte=30 de ladàmini}}

== Agiografia ==
Sa ''Passio Sancti Saturnini Martyris'' (&quot;Passioni de Santu Sadurru Màrtiri&quot;) est su documentu prus atendìbile e antigu chi contat su fatu de su santu. Est stau scritu de is mòngius Vitorinus de sa [[basìlica de Santu Sadurru]] in Casteddu in su sèculu XII, sighenti sa base de testus prus antigus&lt;ref name=&quot;coroneo&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|nùmene=Roberto|sambenadu=Coroneo|tìtulu=Architettura Romanica dalla metà del Mille al primo '300|annu=1993|editore=Ilisso|tzitade=Nuoro|p=31|ISBN=88-85098-24-X}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa ''Passio'', lòmpia a nosu peri una còpia Cuatrucentu, contat chi su giòvanu Sadurru, arreconnotu cristianu, est stau decollau su 30 de ladàmini de su 304, a s'edadi de 19 annus, 5 mesis e 8 dìs, e interrau in sa necròpoli aundi est stada apustis pesada sa basìlica a issu etotu dedicada&lt;ref name=&quot;coroneo&quot; /&gt;.

== Cultu ==
{{Tzitatzione|In Casteddu, in Sardìnnia, santu Sadurru Màrtiri, chi est stau decollau in sa persecutzioni de Diocletzianu, asuta de su Prèsidi Bàrbaru.|''Martyrologium romanum'', 1955}}
Su 12 de ladàmini 1621 is ossus de su santu funt stau agataus e trasladaus in sa crìpta de sa [[Catedrale de Santa Maria de Casteddu|Seu de Casteddu]], su santuàriu de sos Màrtires, aundi funt oi etotu; in cudda ocasioni, s'archipìscopu Francisco de Esquivel at mòvidu sa data de su martìriu, e duncas de sa festa, a su 30 de ladàmini&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=http://www.sanpietroapostolopirri.it/san_saturnino.html|tìtulu=San Saturnino: martire Patrono di Cagliari|atzessu=23 novembre 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;.Bisòngiat nai chi, però, is ossus agatus in su 1621 funt de retenni unu farsu, ca s'agatadura est acuntèssia duranti sa chistioni intestina po s'afirmadura de su poderiu de sa [[Arcidiòtzesi de Casteddu|Crèsia de Casteddu]] contra a sa de de ''Turris'' (oi de Tàtari).

Difatis a inghìriu de su 750, duranti sa dominatzioni longobarda, is restus de santu Sadurru funt staus bortaus in parti in [[Pavia]] e in parti in [[Milanu]], po ddus sarbai de is curreras saratzenas. Una màgini de santu Sadurru s'agatat asusu de una punta de sa Seu de Milanu. Si tenet nova de s'arreconnòscida in Milanu subra de is ossus de su santu fata de [[Carlo Borromeo|santu Càrolu Borromeo]]. S'arreconnoscimentu ùrtimu est stau fatu de su cardinali Schuster in su [[1941]].
[[File:Basilica di S.Saturnino.jpg|thumb|Sa Basìlica de Santu Sadurru in Casteddu, aundi est stau agatau su corpus in su 1621.]]

=== Patronau e crésias ===
Santu Sadurru est patronu de Casteddu e de [[Ìsili]]. Ainnantis de su Concìliu Vaticanu II, su santu fiat afestau puru cumenti patronu de s'Arcidiòtzesi de Casteddu e ancora ddu est, ma est oramai consuetudini de venerai cumenti patronu a [[sant'Efis]].

Sa devotzioni a su màrtiri casteddaju s'est spainada in partis vàrias de s'ìsula, cumenti testimòngiant is crésias chi ddis funt stadas dedicadas:

* sa basìlica de Santu Sadurru in Casteddu;
* sa crésia de Santu Sadurru in [[Ùssana]];
* sa crésia de Santu Sadurru (chi non esistit prus), primu parrochiali de [[Sìnnia]];
* sa crésia parrochiali de Santu Sadurru in Ìsili;
* su santuàriu de sa Madonna de is Gràtzias in [[Igrèsias]], a primu dedicau a santu Sadurru;
* sa crésia de Santu Sadurru in [[Aristanis]];
* sa crésia de Santu Sadurru de Usolvisi intre [[Urtei]] e [[Benetutti]];
* is arruinas de sa crésia de Santu Sadurru de Musidanu in [[Pàdria]];
* is arruinas de crésias de Santu Sadurru ande Arixi e [[Mandas]].

== Notas ==</text>
      <sha1>drddpkxpmjckvhfxvzhirhs6sxxmxip</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Claude Monet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23622</id>
    <revision>
      <id>190966</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T18:19:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mistico Dois</username>
        <id>19393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Artìculu nou.</comment>
      <origin>190966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="839" sha1="ptlmb6g748m460w62ptj87lba1njv4v" xml:space="preserve">{{LSC}}{{stub}}
'''Claude Monet''' (14 de [[santandria]] de [[1840]], [[Parigi]] – 5 de [[nadale]] de [[1926]], Giverny) est istadu unu pitore [[Frantza|frantzesu]]. 

Su fundadore de s'Impressionismu, durante sa carrera longa sua, est istadu su praticante prus coerente e prolìficu de s'idea impressionista de trasmitire sas pertzetziones de sa natura, mescamente pro su chi pertocat sa pintura de paisàgiu a s'ària aberta. Su tèrmine &quot;Impressionismu&quot; derivat dae su tìtulu de sa pintura sua ''Impressione, su sole naschende'', chi est istada esposta in su [[1874]] in sa Prima Espositzione Impressionista, promòvida dae Monet e àteros artistas cun ideas sìmiles comente alternativa a su Salone.

{{Controllu de autoridade}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monet, Claude}}
[[Categoria:Biografias]]
[[Categoria:Pintores]]
[[Categoria:Frantzesos]]</text>
      <sha1>ptlmb6g748m460w62ptj87lba1njv4v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>190967</id>
      <parentid>190966</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T18:22:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mistico Dois</username>
        <id>19393</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>190967</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1053" sha1="ic8a78zyvsb2quz4otm2p6972vidq2n" xml:space="preserve">{{LSC}}{{stub}}{{Biografia|immàgine=|data_de_nàschida=14 de santandria de su 1840|logu_de_nàschida=Parigi, Frantza|data_de_morte=5 de nadale de su 1926|logu_de_morte=Giverny, Frantza|natzionalidade=frantzesu|traballu=pintore}}
'''Claude Monet''' (14 de [[santandria]] de [[1840]], [[Parigi]] – 5 de [[nadale]] de [[1926]], Giverny) est istadu unu pitore [[Frantza|frantzesu]]. 

Su fundadore de s'Impressionismu, durante sa carrera longa sua, est istadu su praticante prus coerente e prolìficu de s'idea impressionista de trasmitire sas pertzetziones de sa natura, mescamente pro su chi pertocat sa pintura de paisàgiu a s'ària aberta. Su tèrmine &quot;Impressionismu&quot; derivat dae su tìtulu de sa pintura sua ''Impressione, su sole naschende'', chi est istada esposta in su [[1874]] in sa Prima Espositzione Impressionista, promòvida dae Monet e àteros artistas cun ideas sìmiles comente alternativa a su Salone.

{{Controllu de autoridade}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monet, Claude}}
[[Categoria:Biografias]]
[[Categoria:Pintores]]
[[Categoria:Frantzesos]]</text>
      <sha1>ic8a78zyvsb2quz4otm2p6972vidq2n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>190968</id>
      <parentid>190967</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T18:23:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mistico Dois</username>
        <id>19393</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>190968</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1085" sha1="9bnpo4z8jvmpxmlhqygcqwodhpumn0l" xml:space="preserve">{{LSC}}{{stub}}{{Biografia|immàgine=Claude Monet 1899 Nadar crop.jpg|data_de_nàschida=14 de santandria de su 1840|logu_de_nàschida=Parigi, Frantza|data_de_morte=5 de nadale de su 1926|logu_de_morte=Giverny, Frantza|natzionalidade=frantzesu|traballu=pintore}}
'''Claude Monet''' (14 de [[santandria]] de [[1840]], [[Parigi]] – 5 de [[nadale]] de [[1926]], Giverny) est istadu unu pitore [[Frantza|frantzesu]]. 

Su fundadore de s'Impressionismu, durante sa carrera longa sua, est istadu su praticante prus coerente e prolìficu de s'idea impressionista de trasmitire sas pertzetziones de sa natura, mescamente pro su chi pertocat sa pintura de paisàgiu a s'ària aberta. Su tèrmine &quot;Impressionismu&quot; derivat dae su tìtulu de sa pintura sua ''Impressione, su sole naschende'', chi est istada esposta in su [[1874]] in sa Prima Espositzione Impressionista, promòvida dae Monet e àteros artistas cun ideas sìmiles comente alternativa a su Salone.

{{Controllu de autoridade}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monet, Claude}}
[[Categoria:Biografias]]
[[Categoria:Pintores]]
[[Categoria:Frantzesos]]</text>
      <sha1>9bnpo4z8jvmpxmlhqygcqwodhpumn0l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>