Asif n walim

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'''Asif n walim''' niɣ d '''tabrida n walim''' niɣ d '''asif n ignna''' niɣ d '''aɣaras n walim''', iga ism n yat tmzzuɣrt. Ig nit ansa n [[Angraw anafuk|Ungraw Anafuk]] ɣ illa wakal, anaw nns iga uzlig (izlg), ilkm s tiɣzi nns ikʷti n 100.000 n usggʷas anafaw, ilin gis gr 100 ar 400 n id mlyar n itran. iqqan d ad asn ittyafas ɣunckad n wuṭṭun ad nit n imttiwgn iɣ akkʷ drusn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[Iraql|iga]] {{Bdr awib |date=2022-09-06 |title=Astronomie : qu'est-ce que la Voie Lactée ? {{!}} Maxisciences |url=https://www.maxisciences.com/sciences/espace/voie-lactee_art47348.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.maxisciences.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar ittyawnna is d tamzzuɣrt ad tlul d ɣar kra n tizi nif abaqqay Mqqurn (Big Bang), attayn n 13,2 n id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Itran, d imttiwgn, d tfkkiwin tisayrarin yaḍnin lli tt skarnin, ar smlillin f wammas nns, ɣilli ɣ illa yan ugḍay asggan anig-iẓẓay. Sɣ usmnu n Wakal, yaggug t ugḍay ad asggan s kra n 27.000 n usggʷas anafaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Adjar nns akkʷ yaẓnn iga t tamzzuɣrt n Andṛumida lli yaggugn Tafukt s wattayn n 2,55 n umlyun n usggʷas anafaw, illa ɣ talayt n itran n Andṛumida. Ntta d wattayn n sḍiṣt tmrawin (60) n tmzzuɣar mẓẓiynin yaḍnin, lliɣ illa umdlu imqqurn n Majillan d umdlu imẓẓiyn n Majillan, ar kullu skarn &quot;Tagrumma Tadɣrant&quot;, lli igan zaɣd nttat yan ugzzum sɣ &quot;Ibr-Agdad n tgṣmaḍt&quot;. Yan umdaday ismmunn akkʷ timzzuɣar d-aẓnin i xtalli igan tinɣ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==

=== Ism nns dar Imaziɣn: ===
Dar imaziɣn n zikk, amjakrar ann umlil ifruzziyn n itran d ar izggr ignna n dyiḍ, irwas alim usdid lli illuzzan, iffarri ɣ waḍu. Aswingm ad nit ad yujjan aɛṛabn ad as fkin ism n « Darb al-Tabbana » (Tasukt n imzznza n walim).&lt;ref&gt;[[Iraql|ur ittmtatnrad]]

[[Iraql|ut y]]&lt;/ref&gt; « Asif n walim » dar Imaziɣn d Waɛrabn irwas ma d iffal umkraz tiɣʷrdin nns, mk yusi yan waggʷa n walim ɣ kra n uzgaw ibbin.

Mgalan d waɛṛabn lli ddrnin ɣ yat twnnaḍt izwan, tsur f iɣarasn d iswak, Imaziɣn daɣ (slawan akkʷ ɣwilli gisn zdɣnin ɣ tmnaḍin tidraranin n Waṭlas) ifl gisn uggar ungraw n twala n waman d isaffn. Assfif ad agnnan ittlkikiḍn, ur asn d isskti kra n uɣaras, isskti asn d imil azray n yan wasif ingin, yasi d dids ifṛẓẓan sfawnin n walim imlluln aynna ittkka.

=== Ism nns dar iṛmmuyn: ===
Taguri n « Voie » tkka d tutlayt talatinit « Via » lli isnamkn: aɣaras, abrid, tin « Lactée » tkk d zaɣd nttat talatinit « Lacteus » lli isnamkn: mad izdin d ukʷfay, nɣ d kra irwasn akʷfay. S ɣmkad « La Voie Lactée » twats: Aɣaras n ukʷfay. Aẓuṛ n ism ad lli fkan i tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim, ikka d Umiyn Igrikn iqburn. Mqqar itahl &quot;[[Zus]]&quot; (Zeus) s &quot;Iṛa&quot; (Héra), iṭṭaf snat d mrawt (12) n taldniwin s ma intln. D yat gisnt lli mi ismn &quot;Alɣmin&quot; (Alcmène), yuru dis yan yiwis, ism as &quot;[[Iraql|iraɣl]]&quot; (Hercule). Sɣ lliɣ d ilul warba ad, ila yat taẓẓiḍṛa yutin tin ufgan, lli as yiwsn ad issugr mnid n kra illan, amr Tamttant, acku innas tga tafgant d ar tettmttat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |title=La voie lactée {{!}} Espace des sciences |url=https://www.espace-sciences.org/archives/la-voie-lactee |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.espace-sciences.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afad ad irar iwis d yan ur ittmtatn, yut Zus tamlda ɣ yan dyiḍ lliɣ tdda tmɣart nns &quot;Iṛa&quot; ad tgn zikk f mad yadlli tmyar. Isiggl Zus &quot;iṛaɣl&quot;, isrs t f tama n tɣssa n &quot;iṛa&quot; lli iṭṭaṣn, ur imaṭil ubijju ad yaf tibbit n &quot;Hiṛa&quot;, issnti ar itteṭṭḍ s kigan n udurdu sɣ &quot;Ukʷfay n tɣllalt&quot;. Tduy d ilmma &quot;iṛa&quot; sɣ iṭṣ s yan uṛmmaḍ ijfan ɣ idmarn nns. Tfrk is ar tssuṭuḍ yan urba ur igin wins. Tmmaɣ ad t inn fllas tsitti, macc yumẓ nit Iṛaɣl ɣ tibbit nns. Tmmaɣ tiklit tis snat s uggar n tammara, macc tggammi, imuqqn gis Iṛaɣl s yat tgrdi iggutn. Ɣ tis kraḍt n tikkal, tssus iṛaɣl sɣ tibbit nns s iɣnan, ɣakudann ad d tnḍṛ yat tmiẓẓṛt n ukʷfay aylliɣ innzwi ɣ Ignna, iskr d nit ilmma mayann &quot;Aɣaras n ukʷfay&quot;.

== Amzruy ==
Galili ad igan walli izwarn ad t iẓr ɣ usggʷas n 1610 s twisi n tsmaqqalt nns tasnitrant. Yufa d is tettyawskar s tuggt n itran lli ur iẓḍaṛ ufgan ad tn izlm s tiṭṭ nns yazufn (« Iɣʷẓan mas d Asif n Walim ur igi amr yan ugudi n itran id war-uṭṭun lli lluzzanin f kra n igudiyn mẓẓiynin », Galili, Amazan agnnan, 1610). Assfif ad iflin, lli irwasn akʷfay, iga tamatart n tmzzuɣrt ɣ ignna, ɣmklli s ittyawmnad sɣ idis nns, sɣ udɣar ɣ tlla [[Tafukt]] ɣammas-ka-t-inn n ungraw ad abaraw.

==Talɣa nns d ma t iskarn== 
Tga tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim yat tmzzuɣrt tuzligt imqqurn, lli mi tettyafa talɣa nns ɣ usggʷas n 1951 s radio n tsnitrit. Ɣ wammas nns illa yan waqqa isfawn mi ttinin &quot;Aglla&quot;, gis ɣ turrut attayn n 10 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Sɣ gis ar ttffuɣn kra n iɣalln uzlign ar skarn yan ufllun awarar n 100 000 n isggʷasn inafawn llanin ɣ turrut nns, d yat tzuri ilkkmn gr 1 000 ar 3 000 SgF (isggʷasn inafawn).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=Larousse |first=Éditions |title=Voie lactée - LAROUSSE |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Voie_lact%C3%A9e/149220 |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=www.larousse.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aglla ad d ufllun lli dids, tssutl asn yat tsga iṭṭafn talɣa takʷlillayt ittyawssann s &quot;amdallalas&quot;, lli mi tettyawsɣal turrut nns s 300 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Amdallalas ad llan gis kigan n igudiyn n itran, taggat nnsn tlla ɣ uflla niɣ d ɣ wadday n ufllun ad. Waxxa ɣmkann, amdallalas ad (zun d tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim) ur iẓḍaṛ ad t tẓṛ tiḍṭ acku f ugḍṛuṛ agritran. F ɣmkann, taɣudiwt nns ar tettili s umgraw n ddu-zggʷaɣ d radio-telescopes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Iɣ ittyawmnad sɣ idis, asif n walim irwas yan ufllun iwrn, yili gis yan uffudl bahra isfawn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns, ɣinn aɣ munnt tuggt n itran. tamu tmzzuɣrt ad uggar n 100 n id mlyar n itran (itran zilliznin s uẓṛwal n wanaw amzwaru I, d itran izggʷaɣn mqqurnin n wanaw wis sin II), d igḍṛaṛ ula arragn gr itran. Asttul nns d wattayn n ifḍ n id mlyar n ttwal win Tafukt. Afllun ad, lli iṭṭafn attayn n 70 % sɣ usttul amakay n tmzzuɣrt, gis itran mzaraynin kigan ɣ usttul d uwtay nnsn. Ma illan ngr itran, kullu imun ɣ iɣalln uzlign nttat d itran lli akkʷ mẓẓiynin ɣ uwtay, lli mi ttinin agdud amzwaru I (T Tauri, itran O nɣ d B, Céphéides). Ɣ usggʷas n 2002, ufan imassann is illa yan ugḍay asggan bahra imqqurn ɣ tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim, lli mi ilkkm usttul nns kra n kkuẓ n id mlyun n ttwal win Tafukt.

== Isuɣal==
[[Taggayt: Timassanin]]</text>
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'''Asif n walim''' niɣ d '''tabrida n walim''' niɣ d '''asif n ignna''' niɣ d '''aɣaras n walim''', iga ism n yat tmzzuɣrt. Ig nit ansa n [[Angraw anafuk|Ungraw Anafuk]] ɣ illa wakal, anaw nns iga uzlig (izlg), ilkm s tiɣzi nns ikʷti n 100.000 n usggʷas anafaw, ilin gis gr 100 ar 400 n id mlyar n itran. iqqan d ad asn ittyafas ɣunckad n wuṭṭun ad nit n imttiwgn iɣ akkʷ drusn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[Iraql|iga]] {{Bdr awib |date=2022-09-06 |title=Astronomie : qu'est-ce que la Voie Lactée ? {{!}} Maxisciences |url=https://www.maxisciences.com/sciences/espace/voie-lactee_art47348.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.maxisciences.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar ittyawnna is d tamzzuɣrt ad tlul d ɣar kra n tizi nif abaqqay Mqqurn (Big Bang), attayn n 13,2 n id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Itran, d imttiwgn, d tfkkiwin tisayrarin yaḍnin lli tt skarnin, ar smlillin f wammas nns, ɣilli ɣ illa yan ugḍay asggan anig-iẓẓay. Sɣ usmnu n Wakal, yaggug t ugḍay ad asggan s kra n 27.000 n usggʷas anafaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Adjar nns akkʷ yaẓnn iga t tamzzuɣrt n Andṛumida lli yaggugn Tafukt s wattayn n 2,55 n umlyun n usggʷas anafaw, illa ɣ talayt n itran n Andṛumida. Ntta d wattayn n sḍiṣt tmrawin (60) n tmzzuɣar mẓẓiynin yaḍnin, lliɣ illa umdlu imqqurn n Majillan d umdlu imẓẓiyn n Majillan, ar kullu skarn &quot;Tagrumma Tadɣrant&quot;, lli igan zaɣd nttat yan ugzzum sɣ &quot;Ibr-Agdad n tgṣmaḍt&quot;. Yan umdaday ismmunn akkʷ timzzuɣar d-aẓnin i xtalli igan tinɣ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==

=== Ism nns dar Imaziɣn: ===
Dar imaziɣn n zikk, amjakrar ann umlil ifruzziyn n itran d ar izggr ignna n dyiḍ, irwas alim usdid lli illuzzan, iffarri ɣ waḍu. Aswingm ad nit ad yujjan aɛṛabn ad as fkin ism n « Darb al-Tabbana » (Tasukt n imzznza n walim).&lt;ref&gt;[[Iraql|ur ittmtatnrad]]

[[Iraql|ut y]]&lt;/ref&gt; « Asif n walim » dar Imaziɣn d Waɛrabn irwas ma d iffal umkraz tiɣʷrdin nns, mk yusi yan waggʷa n walim ɣ kra n uzgaw ibbin.

Mgalan d waɛṛabn lli ddrnin ɣ yat twnnaḍt izwan, tsur f iɣarasn d iswak, Imaziɣn daɣ (slawan akkʷ ɣwilli gisn zdɣnin ɣ tmnaḍin tidraranin n Waṭlas) ifl gisn uggar ungraw n twala n waman d isaffn. Assfif ad agnnan ittlkikiḍn, ur asn d isskti kra n uɣaras, isskti asn d imil azray n yan wasif ingin, yasi d dids ifṛẓẓan sfawnin n walim imlluln aynna ittkka.

Tettyawsmma tmzzuɣrt ad s yan yism  izḍarn ad ig &quot;Abrid n walim&quot; ɣ tuggt n tmizar n Imaziɣn, mqqar illa kra n naḥya gratsnt. Ɣ Lqbayl ar as ttinin (Abrid n walim), ɣ Lawras d Ayt Sɣruccn d Ayt Warayn (Abrid n wulum). Ɣ Sus d udrar n Drn ar as bdda ttinin (Tabrida n walim) zun d dar Wactukn, niɣ d (Imakrn n walim) ɣ Ayt Bɛmran, niɣ (Aɣaras n imakrn n walim), niɣ (Aɣaras n walim). Macc ism ad bahra ilan atig, ar ittmyatay d yan yism yaḍn ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib nna igan (Asif n ignwan), niɣ d (Ajggu n tignaw) ɣ Bgayt, d (Umzallaw) dar Itwargiyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr adlis |last=Usus |first=Muḥmmad |title=كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الامازيغية |publisher=المعهد الملكي للثقافة الامازيغية |year=2008 |isbn=978-9954-28-015-7 |pages=117 |language=Arabic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ism nns dar iṛmmuyn: ===
Taguri n « Voie » tkka d tutlayt talatinit « Via » lli isnamkn: aɣaras, abrid, tin « Lactée » tkk d zaɣd nttat talatinit « Lacteus » lli isnamkn: mad izdin d ukʷfay, nɣ d kra irwasn akʷfay. S ɣmkad « La Voie Lactée » twats: Aɣaras n ukʷfay. Aẓuṛ n ism ad lli fkan i tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim, ikka d Umiyn Igrikn iqburn. Mqqar itahl &quot;[[Zus]]&quot; (Zeus) s &quot;Iṛa&quot; (Héra), iṭṭaf snat d mrawt (12) n taldniwin s ma intln. D yat gisnt lli mi ismn &quot;Alɣmin&quot; (Alcmène), yuru dis yan yiwis, ism as &quot;[[Iraql|iraɣl]]&quot; (Hercule). Sɣ lliɣ d ilul warba ad, ila yat taẓẓiḍṛa yutin tin ufgan, lli as yiwsn ad issugr mnid n kra illan, amr Tamttant, acku innas tga tafgant d ar tettmttat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |title=La voie lactée {{!}} Espace des sciences |url=https://www.espace-sciences.org/archives/la-voie-lactee |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.espace-sciences.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afad ad irar iwis d yan ur ittmtatn, yut Zus tamlda ɣ yan dyiḍ lliɣ tdda tmɣart nns &quot;Iṛa&quot; ad tgn zikk f mad yadlli tmyar. Isiggl Zus &quot;iṛaɣl&quot;, isrs t f tama n tɣssa n &quot;iṛa&quot; lli iṭṭaṣn, ur imaṭil ubijju ad yaf tibbit n &quot;Hiṛa&quot;, issnti ar itteṭṭḍ s kigan n udurdu sɣ &quot;Ukʷfay n tɣllalt&quot;. Tduy d ilmma &quot;iṛa&quot; sɣ iṭṣ s yan uṛmmaḍ ijfan ɣ idmarn nns. Tfrk is ar tssuṭuḍ yan urba ur igin wins. Tmmaɣ ad t inn fllas tsitti, macc yumẓ nit Iṛaɣl ɣ tibbit nns. Tmmaɣ tiklit tis snat s uggar n tammara, macc tggammi, imuqqn gis Iṛaɣl s yat tgrdi iggutn. Ɣ tis kraḍt n tikkal, tssus iṛaɣl sɣ tibbit nns s iɣnan, ɣakudann ad d tnḍṛ yat tmiẓẓṛt n ukʷfay aylliɣ innzwi ɣ Ignna, iskr d nit ilmma mayann &quot;Aɣaras n ukʷfay&quot;.

== Amzruy ==
Galili ad igan walli izwarn ad t iẓr ɣ usggʷas n 1610 s twisi n tsmaqqalt nns tasnitrant. Yufa d is tettyawskar s tuggt n itran lli ur iẓḍaṛ ufgan ad tn izlm s tiṭṭ nns yazufn (« Iɣʷẓan mas d Asif n Walim ur igi amr yan ugudi n itran id war-uṭṭun lli lluzzanin f kra n igudiyn mẓẓiynin », Galili, Amazan agnnan, 1610). Assfif ad iflin, lli irwasn akʷfay, iga tamatart n tmzzuɣrt ɣ ignna, ɣmklli s ittyawmnad sɣ idis nns, sɣ udɣar ɣ tlla [[Tafukt]] ɣammas-ka-t-inn n ungraw ad abaraw.

==Talɣa nns d ma t iskarn== 
Tga tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim yat tmzzuɣrt tuzligt imqqurn, lli mi tettyafa talɣa nns ɣ usggʷas n 1951 s radio n tsnitrit. Ɣ wammas nns illa yan waqqa isfawn mi ttinin &quot;Aglla&quot;, gis ɣ turrut attayn n 10 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Sɣ gis ar ttffuɣn kra n iɣalln uzlign ar skarn yan ufllun awarar n 100 000 n isggʷasn inafawn llanin ɣ turrut nns, d yat tzuri ilkkmn gr 1 000 ar 3 000 SgF (isggʷasn inafawn).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=Larousse |first=Éditions |title=Voie lactée - LAROUSSE |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Voie_lact%C3%A9e/149220 |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=www.larousse.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aglla ad d ufllun lli dids, tssutl asn yat tsga iṭṭafn talɣa takʷlillayt ittyawssann s &quot;amdallalas&quot;, lli mi tettyawsɣal turrut nns s 300 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Amdallalas ad llan gis kigan n igudiyn n itran, taggat nnsn tlla ɣ uflla niɣ d ɣ wadday n ufllun ad. Waxxa ɣmkann, amdallalas ad (zun d tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim) ur iẓḍaṛ ad t tẓṛ tiḍṭ acku f ugḍṛuṛ agritran. F ɣmkann, taɣudiwt nns ar tettili s umgraw n ddu-zggʷaɣ d radio-telescopes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Iɣ ittyawmnad sɣ idis, asif n walim irwas yan ufllun iwrn, yili gis yan uffudl bahra isfawn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns, ɣinn aɣ munnt tuggt n itran. tamu tmzzuɣrt ad uggar n 100 n id mlyar n itran (itran zilliznin s uẓṛwal n wanaw amzwaru I, d itran izggʷaɣn mqqurnin n wanaw wis sin II), d igḍṛaṛ ula arragn gr itran. Asttul nns d wattayn n ifḍ n id mlyar n ttwal win Tafukt. Afllun ad, lli iṭṭafn attayn n 70 % sɣ usttul amakay n tmzzuɣrt, gis itran mzaraynin kigan ɣ usttul d uwtay nnsn. Ma illan ngr itran, kullu imun ɣ iɣalln uzlign nttat d itran lli akkʷ mẓẓiynin ɣ uwtay, lli mi ttinin agdud amzwaru I (T Tauri, itran O nɣ d B, Céphéides). Ɣ usggʷas n 2002, ufan imassann is illa yan ugḍay asggan bahra imqqurn ɣ tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim, lli mi ilkkm usttul nns kra n kkuẓ n id mlyun n ttwal win Tafukt.

== Isuɣal==
[[Taggayt: Timassanin]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>78777</id>
      <parentid>78776</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-26T19:52:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aɣaras iḍlan</username>
        <id>2610</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ism nns dar Imaziɣn: */</comment>
      <origin>78777</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7586" sha1="rin4aa9qbnj3h790hrmovmnlpatgb3n" xml:space="preserve">{{databox|en:milky way}}
'''Asif n walim''' niɣ d '''tabrida n walim''' niɣ d '''asif n ignna''' niɣ d '''aɣaras n walim''', iga ism n yat tmzzuɣrt. Ig nit ansa n [[Angraw anafuk|Ungraw Anafuk]] ɣ illa wakal, anaw nns iga uzlig (izlg), ilkm s tiɣzi nns ikʷti n 100.000 n usggʷas anafaw, ilin gis gr 100 ar 400 n id mlyar n itran. iqqan d ad asn ittyafas ɣunckad n wuṭṭun ad nit n imttiwgn iɣ akkʷ drusn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[Iraql|iga]] {{Bdr awib |date=2022-09-06 |title=Astronomie : qu'est-ce que la Voie Lactée ? {{!}} Maxisciences |url=https://www.maxisciences.com/sciences/espace/voie-lactee_art47348.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.maxisciences.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar ittyawnna is d tamzzuɣrt ad tlul d ɣar kra n tizi nif abaqqay Mqqurn (Big Bang), attayn n 13,2 n id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Itran, d imttiwgn, d tfkkiwin tisayrarin yaḍnin lli tt skarnin, ar smlillin f wammas nns, ɣilli ɣ illa yan ugḍay asggan anig-iẓẓay. Sɣ usmnu n Wakal, yaggug t ugḍay ad asggan s kra n 27.000 n usggʷas anafaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Adjar nns akkʷ yaẓnn iga t tamzzuɣrt n Andṛumida lli yaggugn Tafukt s wattayn n 2,55 n umlyun n usggʷas anafaw, illa ɣ talayt n itran n Andṛumida. Ntta d wattayn n sḍiṣt tmrawin (60) n tmzzuɣar mẓẓiynin yaḍnin, lliɣ illa umdlu imqqurn n Majillan d umdlu imẓẓiyn n Majillan, ar kullu skarn &quot;Tagrumma Tadɣrant&quot;, lli igan zaɣd nttat yan ugzzum sɣ &quot;Ibr-Agdad n tgṣmaḍt&quot;. Yan umdaday ismmunn akkʷ timzzuɣar d-aẓnin i xtalli igan tinɣ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==

=== Ism nns dar Imaziɣn: ===
Dar imaziɣn n zikk, amjakrar ann umlil ifruzziyn n itran d ar izggr ignna n dyiḍ, irwas alim usdid lli illuzzan, iffarri ɣ waḍu. Aswingm ad nit ad yujjan aɛṛabn ad as fkin ism n « Darb al-Tabbana » (Tasukt n imzznza n walim).&lt;ref&gt;[[Iraql|ur ittmtatnrad]]

[[Iraql|ut y]]&lt;/ref&gt; « Asif n walim » dar Imaziɣn d Waɛrabn irwas ma d iffal umkraz tiɣʷrdin nns, mk yusi yan waggʷa n walim ɣ kra n uzgaw ibbin.

Mgalan d waɛṛabn lli ddrnin ɣ yat twnnaḍt izwan, tsur f iɣarasn d iswak, Imaziɣn daɣ (slawan akkʷ ɣwilli gisn zdɣnin ɣ tmnaḍin tidraranin n Waṭlas) ifl gisn uggar ungraw n twala n waman d isaffn. Assfif ad agnnan ittlkikiḍn, ur asn d isskti kra n uɣaras, isskti asn d imil azray n yan wasif ingin, yasi d dids ifṛẓẓan sfawnin n walim imlluln aynna ittkka.

=== Tagtti n Ismawn: ===
Tettyawsmma tmzzuɣrt ad s yan yism  izḍarn ad ig &quot;Abrid n walim&quot; ɣ tuggt n tmizar n Imaziɣn, mqqar illa kra n naḥya gratsnt. Ɣ Lqbayl ar as ttinin (Abrid n walim), ɣ Lawras d Ayt Sɣruccn d Ayt Warayn (Abrid n wulum). Ɣ Sus d udrar n Drn ar as bdda ttinin (Tabrida n walim) zun d dar Wactukn, niɣ d (Imakrn n walim) ɣ Ayt Bɛmran, niɣ (Aɣaras n imakrn n walim), niɣ (Aɣaras n walim). Macc ism ad bahra ilan atig, ar ittmyatay d yan yism yaḍn ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib nna igan (Asif n ignwan), niɣ d (Ajggu n tignaw) ɣ Bgayt, d (Umzallaw) dar Itwargiyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr adlis |last=Usus |first=Muḥmmad |title=كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الامازيغية |publisher=المعهد الملكي للثقافة الامازيغية |year=2008 |isbn=978-9954-28-015-7 |pages=117 |language=Arabic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ism nns dar iṛmmuyn: ===
Taguri n « Voie » tkka d tutlayt talatinit « Via » lli isnamkn: aɣaras, abrid, tin « Lactée » tkk d zaɣd nttat talatinit « Lacteus » lli isnamkn: mad izdin d ukʷfay, nɣ d kra irwasn akʷfay. S ɣmkad « La Voie Lactée » twats: Aɣaras n ukʷfay. Aẓuṛ n ism ad lli fkan i tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim, ikka d Umiyn Igrikn iqburn. Mqqar itahl &quot;[[Zus]]&quot; (Zeus) s &quot;Iṛa&quot; (Héra), iṭṭaf snat d mrawt (12) n taldniwin s ma intln. D yat gisnt lli mi ismn &quot;Alɣmin&quot; (Alcmène), yuru dis yan yiwis, ism as &quot;[[Iraql|iraɣl]]&quot; (Hercule). Sɣ lliɣ d ilul warba ad, ila yat taẓẓiḍṛa yutin tin ufgan, lli as yiwsn ad issugr mnid n kra illan, amr Tamttant, acku innas tga tafgant d ar tettmttat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |title=La voie lactée {{!}} Espace des sciences |url=https://www.espace-sciences.org/archives/la-voie-lactee |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.espace-sciences.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afad ad irar iwis d yan ur ittmtatn, yut Zus tamlda ɣ yan dyiḍ lliɣ tdda tmɣart nns &quot;Iṛa&quot; ad tgn zikk f mad yadlli tmyar. Isiggl Zus &quot;iṛaɣl&quot;, isrs t f tama n tɣssa n &quot;iṛa&quot; lli iṭṭaṣn, ur imaṭil ubijju ad yaf tibbit n &quot;Hiṛa&quot;, issnti ar itteṭṭḍ s kigan n udurdu sɣ &quot;Ukʷfay n tɣllalt&quot;. Tduy d ilmma &quot;iṛa&quot; sɣ iṭṣ s yan uṛmmaḍ ijfan ɣ idmarn nns. Tfrk is ar tssuṭuḍ yan urba ur igin wins. Tmmaɣ ad t inn fllas tsitti, macc yumẓ nit Iṛaɣl ɣ tibbit nns. Tmmaɣ tiklit tis snat s uggar n tammara, macc tggammi, imuqqn gis Iṛaɣl s yat tgrdi iggutn. Ɣ tis kraḍt n tikkal, tssus iṛaɣl sɣ tibbit nns s iɣnan, ɣakudann ad d tnḍṛ yat tmiẓẓṛt n ukʷfay aylliɣ innzwi ɣ Ignna, iskr d nit ilmma mayann &quot;Aɣaras n ukʷfay&quot;.

== Amzruy ==
Galili ad igan walli izwarn ad t iẓr ɣ usggʷas n 1610 s twisi n tsmaqqalt nns tasnitrant. Yufa d is tettyawskar s tuggt n itran lli ur iẓḍaṛ ufgan ad tn izlm s tiṭṭ nns yazufn (« Iɣʷẓan mas d Asif n Walim ur igi amr yan ugudi n itran id war-uṭṭun lli lluzzanin f kra n igudiyn mẓẓiynin », Galili, Amazan agnnan, 1610). Assfif ad iflin, lli irwasn akʷfay, iga tamatart n tmzzuɣrt ɣ ignna, ɣmklli s ittyawmnad sɣ idis nns, sɣ udɣar ɣ tlla [[Tafukt]] ɣammas-ka-t-inn n ungraw ad abaraw.

==Talɣa nns d ma t iskarn== 
Tga tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim yat tmzzuɣrt tuzligt imqqurn, lli mi tettyafa talɣa nns ɣ usggʷas n 1951 s radio n tsnitrit. Ɣ wammas nns illa yan waqqa isfawn mi ttinin &quot;Aglla&quot;, gis ɣ turrut attayn n 10 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Sɣ gis ar ttffuɣn kra n iɣalln uzlign ar skarn yan ufllun awarar n 100 000 n isggʷasn inafawn llanin ɣ turrut nns, d yat tzuri ilkkmn gr 1 000 ar 3 000 SgF (isggʷasn inafawn).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=Larousse |first=Éditions |title=Voie lactée - LAROUSSE |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Voie_lact%C3%A9e/149220 |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=www.larousse.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aglla ad d ufllun lli dids, tssutl asn yat tsga iṭṭafn talɣa takʷlillayt ittyawssann s &quot;amdallalas&quot;, lli mi tettyawsɣal turrut nns s 300 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Amdallalas ad llan gis kigan n igudiyn n itran, taggat nnsn tlla ɣ uflla niɣ d ɣ wadday n ufllun ad. Waxxa ɣmkann, amdallalas ad (zun d tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim) ur iẓḍaṛ ad t tẓṛ tiḍṭ acku f ugḍṛuṛ agritran. F ɣmkann, taɣudiwt nns ar tettili s umgraw n ddu-zggʷaɣ d radio-telescopes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Iɣ ittyawmnad sɣ idis, asif n walim irwas yan ufllun iwrn, yili gis yan uffudl bahra isfawn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns, ɣinn aɣ munnt tuggt n itran. tamu tmzzuɣrt ad uggar n 100 n id mlyar n itran (itran zilliznin s uẓṛwal n wanaw amzwaru I, d itran izggʷaɣn mqqurnin n wanaw wis sin II), d igḍṛaṛ ula arragn gr itran. Asttul nns d wattayn n ifḍ n id mlyar n ttwal win Tafukt. Afllun ad, lli iṭṭafn attayn n 70 % sɣ usttul amakay n tmzzuɣrt, gis itran mzaraynin kigan ɣ usttul d uwtay nnsn. Ma illan ngr itran, kullu imun ɣ iɣalln uzlign nttat d itran lli akkʷ mẓẓiynin ɣ uwtay, lli mi ttinin agdud amzwaru I (T Tauri, itran O nɣ d B, Céphéides). Ɣ usggʷas n 2002, ufan imassann is illa yan ugḍay asggan bahra imqqurn ɣ tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim, lli mi ilkkm usttul nns kra n kkuẓ n id mlyun n ttwal win Tafukt.

== Isuɣal==
[[Taggayt: Timassanin]]</text>
      <sha1>rin4aa9qbnj3h790hrmovmnlpatgb3n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>78778</id>
      <parentid>78777</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-26T19:59:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aɣaras iḍlan</username>
        <id>2610</id>
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      <origin>78778</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7945" sha1="isaleujpgop796zkemj7xh9jimcnj2j" xml:space="preserve">{{databox|en:milky way}}
'''Asif n walim''' niɣ d '''tabrida n walim''' niɣ d '''asif n ignna''' niɣ d '''aɣaras n walim''', iga ism n yat tmzzuɣrt. Ig nit ansa n [[Angraw anafuk|Ungraw Anafuk]] ɣ illa wakal, anaw nns iga uzlig (izlg), ilkm s tiɣzi nns ikʷti n 100.000 n usggʷas anafaw, ilin gis gr 100 ar 400 n id mlyar n itran. iqqan d ad asn ittyafas ɣunckad n wuṭṭun ad nit n imttiwgn iɣ akkʷ drusn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[Iraql|iga]] {{Bdr awib |date=2022-09-06 |title=Astronomie : qu'est-ce que la Voie Lactée ? {{!}} Maxisciences |url=https://www.maxisciences.com/sciences/espace/voie-lactee_art47348.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.maxisciences.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar ittyawnna is d tamzzuɣrt ad tlul d ɣar kra n tizi nif abaqqay Mqqurn (Big Bang), attayn n 13,2 n id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Itran, d imttiwgn, d tfkkiwin tisayrarin yaḍnin lli tt skarnin, ar smlillin f wammas nns, ɣilli ɣ illa yan ugḍay asggan anig-iẓẓay. Sɣ usmnu n Wakal, yaggug t ugḍay ad asggan s kra n 27.000 n usggʷas anafaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Adjar nns akkʷ yaẓnn iga t tamzzuɣrt n Andṛumida lli yaggugn Tafukt s wattayn n 2,55 n umlyun n usggʷas anafaw, illa ɣ talayt n itran n Andṛumida. Ntta d wattayn n sḍiṣt tmrawin (60) n tmzzuɣar mẓẓiynin yaḍnin, lliɣ illa umdlu imqqurn n Majillan d umdlu imẓẓiyn n Majillan, ar kullu skarn &quot;Tagrumma Tadɣrant&quot;, lli igan zaɣd nttat yan ugzzum sɣ &quot;Ibr-Agdad n tgṣmaḍt&quot;. Yan umdaday ismmunn akkʷ timzzuɣar d-aẓnin i xtalli igan tinɣ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==

=== Ism nns dar Imaziɣn: ===
Dar imaziɣn n zikk, amjakrar ann umlil ifruzziyn n itran d ar izggr ignna n dyiḍ, irwas alim usdid lli illuzzan, iffarri ɣ waḍu. Aswingm ad nit ad yujjan aɛṛabn ad as fkin ism n « Darb al-Tabbana » (Tasukt n imzznza n walim).&lt;ref&gt;[[Iraql|ur ittmtatnrad]]

[[Iraql|ut y]]&lt;/ref&gt; « Asif n walim » dar Imaziɣn d Waɛrabn irwas ma d iffal umkraz tiɣʷrdin nns, mk yusi yan waggʷa n walim ɣ kra n uzgaw ibbin.

Mgalan d waɛṛabn lli ddrnin ɣ yat twnnaḍt izwan, tsur f iɣarasn d iswak, Imaziɣn daɣ (slawan akkʷ ɣwilli gisn zdɣnin ɣ tmnaḍin tidraranin n Waṭlas) ifl gisn uggar ungraw n twala n waman d isaffn. Assfif ad agnnan ittlkikiḍn, ur asn d isskti kra n uɣaras, isskti asn d imil azray n yan wasif ingin, yasi d dids ifṛẓẓan sfawnin n walim imlluln aynna ittkka.

=== Tagtti n Ismawn: ===
Tettyawsmma tmzzuɣrt ad s yan yism  izḍarn ad ig &quot;Abrid n walim&quot; ɣ tuggt n tmizar n Imaziɣn, mqqar illa kra n naḥya gratsnt. Ɣ Lqbayl ar as ttinin (Abrid n walim), ɣ Lawras d Ayt Sɣruccn d Ayt Warayn (Abrid n wulum). Ɣ Sus d udrar n Drn ar as bdda ttinin (Tabrida n walim) zun d dar Wactukn, niɣ d (Imakrn n walim) ɣ Ayt Bɛmran, niɣ (Aɣaras n imakrn n walim), niɣ (Aɣaras n walim). Macc ism ad bahra ilan atig, ar ittmyatay d yan yism yaḍn ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib lli igan (Asif n ignwan), niɣ d (Ajggu n tgnaw) ɣ Bgayt, d (Umzallaw) dar Itwargiyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr adlis |last=Usus |first=Muḥmmad |title=كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الامازيغية |publisher=المعهد الملكي للثقافة الامازيغية |year=2008 |isbn=978-9954-28-015-7 |pages=117 |language=Arabic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ism ad n &quot;Asif n walim&quot; bahra ittyawssann, ibidd f yan umiy n zikk mi ttalsn mddn ɣ udrar n Drn; mas d kra n itran ukrn kra n walim, asin t, d ar asn iffrtl ɣ uɣaras (sḍrn t ɣ uɣaras), aylliɣ iskr tassfift ad n tmzzuɣrt. Ɣ yan umiy yaḍni, nnan is d ikka yan waḍu ijfan lli d iddan, isluzza alim ann ittyakarn, izuzzr t inn ɣ uɣaras lli kkan. 

=== Ism nns dar iṛmmuyn: ===
Taguri n « Voie » tkka d tutlayt talatinit « Via » lli isnamkn: aɣaras, abrid, tin « Lactée » tkk d zaɣd nttat talatinit « Lacteus » lli isnamkn: mad izdin d ukʷfay, nɣ d kra irwasn akʷfay. S ɣmkad « La Voie Lactée » twats: Aɣaras n ukʷfay. Aẓuṛ n ism ad lli fkan i tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim, ikka d Umiyn Igrikn iqburn. Mqqar itahl &quot;[[Zus]]&quot; (Zeus) s &quot;Iṛa&quot; (Héra), iṭṭaf snat d mrawt (12) n taldniwin s ma intln. D yat gisnt lli mi ismn &quot;Alɣmin&quot; (Alcmène), yuru dis yan yiwis, ism as &quot;[[Iraql|iraɣl]]&quot; (Hercule). Sɣ lliɣ d ilul warba ad, ila yat taẓẓiḍṛa yutin tin ufgan, lli as yiwsn ad issugr mnid n kra illan, amr Tamttant, acku innas tga tafgant d ar tettmttat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |title=La voie lactée {{!}} Espace des sciences |url=https://www.espace-sciences.org/archives/la-voie-lactee |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.espace-sciences.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afad ad irar iwis d yan ur ittmtatn, yut Zus tamlda ɣ yan dyiḍ lliɣ tdda tmɣart nns &quot;Iṛa&quot; ad tgn zikk f mad yadlli tmyar. Isiggl Zus &quot;iṛaɣl&quot;, isrs t f tama n tɣssa n &quot;iṛa&quot; lli iṭṭaṣn, ur imaṭil ubijju ad yaf tibbit n &quot;Hiṛa&quot;, issnti ar itteṭṭḍ s kigan n udurdu sɣ &quot;Ukʷfay n tɣllalt&quot;. Tduy d ilmma &quot;iṛa&quot; sɣ iṭṣ s yan uṛmmaḍ ijfan ɣ idmarn nns. Tfrk is ar tssuṭuḍ yan urba ur igin wins. Tmmaɣ ad t inn fllas tsitti, macc yumẓ nit Iṛaɣl ɣ tibbit nns. Tmmaɣ tiklit tis snat s uggar n tammara, macc tggammi, imuqqn gis Iṛaɣl s yat tgrdi iggutn. Ɣ tis kraḍt n tikkal, tssus iṛaɣl sɣ tibbit nns s iɣnan, ɣakudann ad d tnḍṛ yat tmiẓẓṛt n ukʷfay aylliɣ innzwi ɣ Ignna, iskr d nit ilmma mayann &quot;Aɣaras n ukʷfay&quot;.

== Amzruy ==
Galili ad igan walli izwarn ad t iẓr ɣ usggʷas n 1610 s twisi n tsmaqqalt nns tasnitrant. Yufa d is tettyawskar s tuggt n itran lli ur iẓḍaṛ ufgan ad tn izlm s tiṭṭ nns yazufn (« Iɣʷẓan mas d Asif n Walim ur igi amr yan ugudi n itran id war-uṭṭun lli lluzzanin f kra n igudiyn mẓẓiynin », Galili, Amazan agnnan, 1610). Assfif ad iflin, lli irwasn akʷfay, iga tamatart n tmzzuɣrt ɣ ignna, ɣmklli s ittyawmnad sɣ idis nns, sɣ udɣar ɣ tlla [[Tafukt]] ɣammas-ka-t-inn n ungraw ad abaraw.

==Talɣa nns d ma t iskarn== 
Tga tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim yat tmzzuɣrt tuzligt imqqurn, lli mi tettyafa talɣa nns ɣ usggʷas n 1951 s radio n tsnitrit. Ɣ wammas nns illa yan waqqa isfawn mi ttinin &quot;Aglla&quot;, gis ɣ turrut attayn n 10 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Sɣ gis ar ttffuɣn kra n iɣalln uzlign ar skarn yan ufllun awarar n 100 000 n isggʷasn inafawn llanin ɣ turrut nns, d yat tzuri ilkkmn gr 1 000 ar 3 000 SgF (isggʷasn inafawn).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=Larousse |first=Éditions |title=Voie lactée - LAROUSSE |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Voie_lact%C3%A9e/149220 |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=www.larousse.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aglla ad d ufllun lli dids, tssutl asn yat tsga iṭṭafn talɣa takʷlillayt ittyawssann s &quot;amdallalas&quot;, lli mi tettyawsɣal turrut nns s 300 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Amdallalas ad llan gis kigan n igudiyn n itran, taggat nnsn tlla ɣ uflla niɣ d ɣ wadday n ufllun ad. Waxxa ɣmkann, amdallalas ad (zun d tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim) ur iẓḍaṛ ad t tẓṛ tiḍṭ acku f ugḍṛuṛ agritran. F ɣmkann, taɣudiwt nns ar tettili s umgraw n ddu-zggʷaɣ d radio-telescopes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Iɣ ittyawmnad sɣ idis, asif n walim irwas yan ufllun iwrn, yili gis yan uffudl bahra isfawn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns, ɣinn aɣ munnt tuggt n itran. tamu tmzzuɣrt ad uggar n 100 n id mlyar n itran (itran zilliznin s uẓṛwal n wanaw amzwaru I, d itran izggʷaɣn mqqurnin n wanaw wis sin II), d igḍṛaṛ ula arragn gr itran. Asttul nns d wattayn n ifḍ n id mlyar n ttwal win Tafukt. Afllun ad, lli iṭṭafn attayn n 70 % sɣ usttul amakay n tmzzuɣrt, gis itran mzaraynin kigan ɣ usttul d uwtay nnsn. Ma illan ngr itran, kullu imun ɣ iɣalln uzlign nttat d itran lli akkʷ mẓẓiynin ɣ uwtay, lli mi ttinin agdud amzwaru I (T Tauri, itran O nɣ d B, Céphéides). Ɣ usggʷas n 2002, ufan imassann is illa yan ugḍay asggan bahra imqqurn ɣ tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim, lli mi ilkkm usttul nns kra n kkuẓ n id mlyun n ttwal win Tafukt.

== Isuɣal==
[[Taggayt: Timassanin]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8009" sha1="m8t5xgi2a140kpldx73lkokmc4iwxli" xml:space="preserve">{{databox|en:milky way}}
'''Asif n walim''' niɣ d '''tabrida n walim''' niɣ d '''asif n ignna''' niɣ d '''aɣaras n walim''', iga ism n yat tmzzuɣrt. Ig nit ansa n [[Angraw anafuk|Ungraw Anafuk]] ɣ illa wakal, anaw nns iga uzlig (izlg), ilkm s tiɣzi nns ikʷti n 100.000 n usggʷas anafaw, ilin gis gr 100 ar 400 n id mlyar n itran. iqqan d ad asn ittyafas ɣunckad n wuṭṭun ad nit n imttiwgn iɣ akkʷ drusn.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[Iraql|iga]] {{Bdr awib |date=2022-09-06 |title=Astronomie : qu'est-ce que la Voie Lactée ? {{!}} Maxisciences |url=https://www.maxisciences.com/sciences/espace/voie-lactee_art47348.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.maxisciences.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ar ittyawnna is d tamzzuɣrt ad tlul d ɣar kra n tizi nif abaqqay Mqqurn (Big Bang), attayn n 13,2 n id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Itran, d imttiwgn, d tfkkiwin tisayrarin yaḍnin lli tt skarnin, ar smlillin f wammas nns, ɣilli ɣ illa yan ugḍay asggan anig-iẓẓay. Sɣ usmnu n Wakal, yaggug t ugḍay ad asggan s kra n 27.000 n usggʷas anafaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Adjar nns akkʷ yaẓnn iga t tamzzuɣrt n Andṛumida lli yaggugn Tafukt s wattayn n 2,55 n umlyun n usggʷas anafaw, illa ɣ talayt n itran n Andṛumida. Ntta d wattayn n sḍiṣt tmrawin (60) n tmzzuɣar mẓẓiynin yaḍnin, lliɣ illa umdlu imqqurn n Majillan d umdlu imẓẓiyn n Majillan, ar kullu skarn &quot;Tagrumma Tadɣrant&quot;, lli igan zaɣd nttat yan ugzzum sɣ &quot;Ibr-Agdad n tgṣmaḍt&quot;. Yan umdaday ismmunn akkʷ timzzuɣar d-aẓnin i xtalli igan tinɣ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==

=== Ism nns dar Imaziɣn: ===
Dar imaziɣn n zikk, amjakrar ann umlil ifruzziyn n itran d ar izggr ignna n dyiḍ, irwas alim usdid lli illuzzan, iffarri ɣ waḍu. Aswingm ad nit ad yujjan aɛṛabn ad as fkin ism n « Darb al-Tabbana » (Tasukt n imzznza n walim).&lt;ref&gt;[[Iraql|ur ittmtatnrad]]

[[Iraql|ut y]]&lt;/ref&gt; « Asif n walim » dar Imaziɣn d Waɛrabn irwas ma d iffal umkraz tiɣʷrdin nns, mk yusi yan waggʷa n walim ɣ kra n uzgaw ibbin.

Mgalan d waɛṛabn lli ddrnin ɣ yat twnnaḍt izwan, tsur f iɣarasn d iswak, Imaziɣn daɣ (slawan akkʷ ɣwilli gisn zdɣnin ɣ tmnaḍin tidraranin n Waṭlas) ifl gisn uggar ungraw n twala n waman d isaffn. Assfif ad agnnan ittlkikiḍn, ur asn d isskti kra n uɣaras, isskti asn d imil azray n yan wasif ingin, yasi d dids ifṛẓẓan sfawnin n walim imlluln aynna ittkka.

=== Tagtti n Ismawn: ===
Tettyawsmma tmzzuɣrt ad s yan yism  izḍarn ad ig &quot;Abrid n walim&quot; ɣ tuggt n tmizar n Imaziɣn, mqqar illa kra n naḥya gratsnt. Ɣ [[Lqbayl]] ar as ttinin (Abrid n walim), ɣ Lawras d [[Ayt Sɣruccn]] d [[Ayt Warayn]] (Abrid n wulum). Ɣ [[Sus]] d udrar n Drn ar as bdda ttinin (Tabrida n walim) zun d dar [[Actukn|Wactukn]], niɣ d (Imakrn n walim) ɣ [[Ayt Baɛmran|Ayt Bɛmran]], niɣ (Aɣaras n imakrn n walim), niɣ (Aɣaras n walim). Macc ism ad bahra ilan atig, ar ittmyatay d yan yism yaḍn ɣ iffus n Lmɣrib lli igan (Asif n ignwan), niɣ d (Ajggu n tgnaw) ɣ [[Bgayt]], d (Umzallaw) dar Itwargiyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr adlis |last=Usus |first=Muḥmmad |title=كوكرا في الميثولوجيا الامازيغية |publisher=المعهد الملكي للثقافة الامازيغية |year=2008 |isbn=978-9954-28-015-7 |pages=117 |language=Arabic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ism ad n &quot;Asif n walim&quot; bahra ittyawssann, ibidd f yan umiy n zikk mi ttalsn mddn ɣ [[Adrar n Drn|udrar n Drn]]; mas d kra n itran ukrn kra n walim, asin t, d ar asn iffrtl ɣ uɣaras (sḍrn t ɣ uɣaras), aylliɣ iskr tassfift ad n tmzzuɣrt. Ɣ yan umiy yaḍni, nnan is d ikka yan waḍu ijfan lli d iddan, isluzza alim ann ittyakarn, izuzzr t inn ɣ uɣaras lli kkan. 

=== Ism nns dar iṛmmuyn: ===
Taguri n « Voie » tkka d tutlayt talatinit « Via » lli isnamkn: aɣaras, abrid, tin « Lactée » tkk d zaɣd nttat talatinit « Lacteus » lli isnamkn: mad izdin d ukʷfay, nɣ d kra irwasn akʷfay. S ɣmkad « La Voie Lactée » twats: Aɣaras n ukʷfay. Aẓuṛ n ism ad lli fkan i tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim, ikka d Umiyn Igrikn iqburn. Mqqar itahl &quot;[[Zus]]&quot; (Zeus) s &quot;Iṛa&quot; (Héra), iṭṭaf snat d mrawt (12) n taldniwin s ma intln. D yat gisnt lli mi ismn &quot;Alɣmin&quot; (Alcmène), yuru dis yan yiwis, ism as &quot;[[Iraql|iraɣl]]&quot; (Hercule). Sɣ lliɣ d ilul warba ad, ila yat taẓẓiḍṛa yutin tin ufgan, lli as yiwsn ad issugr mnid n kra illan, amr Tamttant, acku innas tga tafgant d ar tettmttat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |title=La voie lactée {{!}} Espace des sciences |url=https://www.espace-sciences.org/archives/la-voie-lactee |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=www.espace-sciences.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afad ad irar iwis d yan ur ittmtatn, yut Zus tamlda ɣ yan dyiḍ lliɣ tdda tmɣart nns &quot;Iṛa&quot; ad tgn zikk f mad yadlli tmyar. Isiggl Zus &quot;iṛaɣl&quot;, isrs t f tama n tɣssa n &quot;iṛa&quot; lli iṭṭaṣn, ur imaṭil ubijju ad yaf tibbit n &quot;Hiṛa&quot;, issnti ar itteṭṭḍ s kigan n udurdu sɣ &quot;Ukʷfay n tɣllalt&quot;. Tduy d ilmma &quot;iṛa&quot; sɣ iṭṣ s yan uṛmmaḍ ijfan ɣ idmarn nns. Tfrk is ar tssuṭuḍ yan urba ur igin wins. Tmmaɣ ad t inn fllas tsitti, macc yumẓ nit Iṛaɣl ɣ tibbit nns. Tmmaɣ tiklit tis snat s uggar n tammara, macc tggammi, imuqqn gis Iṛaɣl s yat tgrdi iggutn. Ɣ tis kraḍt n tikkal, tssus iṛaɣl sɣ tibbit nns s iɣnan, ɣakudann ad d tnḍṛ yat tmiẓẓṛt n ukʷfay aylliɣ innzwi ɣ Ignna, iskr d nit ilmma mayann &quot;Aɣaras n ukʷfay&quot;.

== Amzruy ==
Galili ad igan walli izwarn ad t iẓr ɣ usggʷas n 1610 s twisi n tsmaqqalt nns tasnitrant. Yufa d is tettyawskar s tuggt n itran lli ur iẓḍaṛ ufgan ad tn izlm s tiṭṭ nns yazufn (« Iɣʷẓan mas d Asif n Walim ur igi amr yan ugudi n itran id war-uṭṭun lli lluzzanin f kra n igudiyn mẓẓiynin », Galili, Amazan agnnan, 1610). Assfif ad iflin, lli irwasn akʷfay, iga tamatart n tmzzuɣrt ɣ ignna, ɣmklli s ittyawmnad sɣ idis nns, sɣ udɣar ɣ tlla [[Tafukt]] ɣammas-ka-t-inn n ungraw ad abaraw.

==Talɣa nns d ma t iskarn== 
Tga tmzzuɣrt n wasif n walim yat tmzzuɣrt tuzligt imqqurn, lli mi tettyafa talɣa nns ɣ usggʷas n 1951 s radio n tsnitrit. Ɣ wammas nns illa yan waqqa isfawn mi ttinin &quot;Aglla&quot;, gis ɣ turrut attayn n 10 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Sɣ gis ar ttffuɣn kra n iɣalln uzlign ar skarn yan ufllun awarar n 100 000 n isggʷasn inafawn llanin ɣ turrut nns, d yat tzuri ilkkmn gr 1 000 ar 3 000 SgF (isggʷasn inafawn).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=Larousse |first=Éditions |title=Voie lactée - LAROUSSE |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Voie_lact%C3%A9e/149220 |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=www.larousse.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aglla ad d ufllun lli dids, tssutl asn yat tsga iṭṭafn talɣa takʷlillayt ittyawssann s &quot;amdallalas&quot;, lli mi tettyawsɣal turrut nns s 300 000 n isggʷasn inafawn. Amdallalas ad llan gis kigan n igudiyn n itran, taggat nnsn tlla ɣ uflla niɣ d ɣ wadday n ufllun ad. Waxxa ɣmkann, amdallalas ad (zun d tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim) ur iẓḍaṛ ad t tẓṛ tiḍṭ acku f ugḍṛuṛ agritran. F ɣmkann, taɣudiwt nns ar tettili s umgraw n ddu-zggʷaɣ d radio-telescopes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Iɣ ittyawmnad sɣ idis, asif n walim irwas yan ufllun iwrn, yili gis yan uffudl bahra isfawn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns, ɣinn aɣ munnt tuggt n itran. tamu tmzzuɣrt ad uggar n 100 n id mlyar n itran (itran zilliznin s uẓṛwal n wanaw amzwaru I, d itran izggʷaɣn mqqurnin n wanaw wis sin II), d igḍṛaṛ ula arragn gr itran. Asttul nns d wattayn n ifḍ n id mlyar n ttwal win Tafukt. Afllun ad, lli iṭṭafn attayn n 70 % sɣ usttul amakay n tmzzuɣrt, gis itran mzaraynin kigan ɣ usttul d uwtay nnsn. Ma illan ngr itran, kullu imun ɣ iɣalln uzlign nttat d itran lli akkʷ mẓẓiynin ɣ uwtay, lli mi ttinin agdud amzwaru I (T Tauri, itran O nɣ d B, Céphéides). Ɣ usggʷas n 2002, ufan imassann is illa yan ugḍay asggan bahra imqqurn ɣ tuẓẓumt n Wasif n Walim, lli mi ilkkm usttul nns kra n kkuẓ n id mlyun n ttwal win Tafukt.

== Isuɣal==
[[Taggayt: Timassanin]]</text>
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Yat '''tmzzuɣrt''' tga yan wamun n itran d ugḍṛuṛ d [[Urrig|warragn]] ann lli gratsn llanin, ismun tn unzaɣ n tnzzaɣt. Mgalant kigan n tmzzuɣar ɣ usɣal nnsnt (gr 2.000 ar 500.000 n usggʷas n tifawt ɣ tzuri) ula ɣ talɣa nnsnt. Aẓnẓaṛ lli d ittkkan timzzuɣar ar ittajja imassann ad tnt aṭṭun f tmzzuɣar ttyawmyarnin d tmzzuɣar ttdmarnin, nna ɣ llan id msbgr-itran. Igrawn n tmzzuɣar lli ittyannayn ɣ umɣrad ar asn aqqran s igdadn d id magr-igdadn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=rédaction |first=la |date=2013-01-02 |title=Définition {{!}} Galaxie : qu&amp;#039;est-ce que c&amp;#039;est ? {{!}} sciences |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/definitions/univers-galaxie-36/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Futura |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asafla n tmzzuɣar ar ilkkm umwan nnsnt gr 10 id mlyar d 13.6 id mlyar n usggʷas. Ilint kra gisnt druɣ ad lkmnt amwan n umɣrad nit s ugayyu nns, lli ittyarun ɣ wattayn n 13.8 id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Ar ttɣaln imassann n itran is d tamzzuɣrt lli kullu imẓẓiyn ɣ id xtilli ttyawssannin, tbayn ɣ wattayn n 500 mlyun n usggʷas ayad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |date=2023-06-09 |title=Galaxies - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iẓḍaṛ ad munnt tmzzuɣar, ad ttyawsnmalant ɣ kra n tgrummatin llan gisnt kra n tmiḍi niɣ d ma fllas idrusn ɣ igmamn ismun tn uzday n tnzzaɣt lli illan gratsn. Imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, mi ttinin imdadayn (clusters), iẓḍaṛ ad gisn ilin wafḍan n tmzzuɣar. Tigrummatin ad d imdadayn ad iẓḍar zaɣd nttni ad ttyawsnmalan ɣ magr-imdadayn, lli ur ismun kra n uzday n tnzzaɣt. Id magʷr-imdadayn, d idɣarn uganin, d &quot;iɣrban&quot; n tmzzuɣar, ula imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, nttni ad iskarn aẓṭṭa agnnan n tanga ɣ umɣrad ad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==
Aẓuṛ n ism ad n &quot;Tamzzuɣrt&quot; ikka d amyag n &quot;Zzuɣr&quot; issarn anamk d &quot;Ldi kra n tɣawsa&quot; niɣ d &quot;ad tt tettawkt&quot;  acku kkan tt inn mddn ar ẓṛṛan tassfift ad tumlilt illan ɣ ignna, zun d &quot;tamatart n uzzuɣr d uldday&quot; n kra ɣ ignna. Irwas nit tamatart illullmn nna ittagurn ɣ wakal, kiɣ ar zzuɣurn imkrazn imadaɣn n walim niɣ d ulli nna t ttasinin. Ɣilli ɣ ar iṭṭar walim, ar iffal tiɣrdin nns yan usaka imlluln ur bahra ifaw, illullm, ɣmklli n iɣalln n yat tmzzuɣrt.

== Tisuɣal ==</text>
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Yat '''tmzzuɣrt''' tga yan wamun n itran d ugḍṛuṛ d [[Urrig|warragn]] ann lli gratsn llanin, ismun tn unzaɣ n tnzzaɣt. Mgalant kigan n tmzzuɣar ɣ usɣal nnsnt (gr 2.000 ar 500.000 n usggʷas n tifawt ɣ tzuri) ula ɣ talɣa nnsnt. Aẓnẓaṛ lli d ittkkan timzzuɣar ar ittajja imassann ad tnt aṭṭun f tmzzuɣar ttyawmyarnin d tmzzuɣar ttdmarnin, nna ɣ llan id msbgr-itran. Igrawn n tmzzuɣar lli ittyannayn ɣ umɣrad ar asn aqqran s igdadn d id magr-igdadn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=rédaction |first=la |date=2013-01-02 |title=Définition {{!}} Galaxie : qu&amp;#039;est-ce que c&amp;#039;est ? {{!}} sciences |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/definitions/univers-galaxie-36/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Futura |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asafla n tmzzuɣar ar ilkkm umwan nnsnt gr 10 id mlyar d 13.6 id mlyar n usggʷas. Ilint kra gisnt druɣ ad lkmnt amwan n umɣrad nit s ugayyu nns, lli ittyarun ɣ wattayn n 13.8 id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Ar ttɣaln imassann n itran is d tamzzuɣrt lli kullu imẓẓiyn ɣ id xtilli ttyawssannin, tbayn ɣ wattayn n 500 mlyun n usggʷas ayad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |date=2023-06-09 |title=Galaxies - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iẓḍaṛ ad munnt tmzzuɣar, ad ttyawsnmalant ɣ kra n tgrummatin llan gisnt kra n tmiḍi niɣ d ma fllas idrusn ɣ igmamn ismun tn uzday n tnzzaɣt lli illan gratsn. Imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, mi ttinin imdadayn (clusters), iẓḍaṛ ad gisn ilin wafḍan n tmzzuɣar. Tigrummatin ad d imdadayn ad iẓḍar zaɣd nttni ad ttyawsnmalan ɣ magr-imdadayn, lli ur ismun kra n uzday n tnzzaɣt. Id magʷr-imdadayn, d idɣarn uganin, d &quot;iɣrban&quot; n tmzzuɣar, ula imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, nttni ad iskarn aẓṭṭa agnnan n tanga ɣ umɣrad ad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==
Aẓuṛ n ism ad n &quot;Tamzzuɣrt&quot; ikka d amyag n &quot;Zzuɣr&quot; issarn anamk d &quot;Ldi kra n tɣawsa&quot; niɣ d &quot;ad tt tettawkt&quot;  acku kkan tt inn mddn ar ẓṛṛan tassfift ad tumlilt illan ɣ [[Ignwan|ignna]], zun d &quot;tamatart n uzzuɣr d uldday&quot; n kra ɣ ignna. Irwas nit tamatart illullmn nna ittagurn ɣ wakal, kiɣ ar zzuɣurn imkrazn imadaɣn n walim niɣ d ulli nna t ttasinin. Ɣilli ɣ ar iṭṭar walim, ar iffal tiɣrdin nns yan usaka imlluln ur bahra ifaw, illullm, ɣmklli n iɣalln n tmzzuɣrt n [[Asif n walim|wasif n walim]] lliɣ illa [[Angraw anafuk|ungraw anafuk]].

== Tisuɣal ==</text>
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Yat '''tmzzuɣrt''' tga yan wamun n itran d ugḍṛuṛ d [[Urrig|warragn]] ann lli gratsn llanin, ismun tn unzaɣ n tnzzaɣt. Mgalant kigan n tmzzuɣar ɣ usɣal nnsnt (gr 2.000 ar 500.000 n usggʷas n tifawt ɣ tzuri) ula ɣ talɣa nnsnt. Aẓnẓaṛ lli d ittkkan timzzuɣar ar ittajja imassann ad tnt aṭṭun f tmzzuɣar ttyawmyarnin d tmzzuɣar ttdmarnin, nna ɣ llan id msbgr-itran. Igrawn n tmzzuɣar lli ittyannayn ɣ umɣrad ar asn aqqran s igdadn d id magʷr-igdadn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=rédaction |first=la |date=2013-01-02 |title=Définition {{!}} Galaxie : qu&amp;#039;est-ce que c&amp;#039;est ? {{!}} sciences |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/definitions/univers-galaxie-36/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Futura |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asafla n tmzzuɣar ar ilkkm umwan nnsnt gr 10 id mlyar d 13.6 id mlyar n usggʷas. Ilint kra gisnt druɣ ad lkmnt amwan n umɣrad nit s ugayyu nns, lli ittyarun ɣ wattayn n 13.8 id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Ar ttɣaln imassann n itran is d tamzzuɣrt lli kullu imẓẓiyn ɣ id xtilli ttyawssannin, tbayn ɣ wattayn n 500 mlyun n usggʷas ayad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |date=2023-06-09 |title=Galaxies - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iẓḍaṛ ad munnt tmzzuɣar, ad ttyawsnmalant ɣ kra n tgrummatin llan gisnt kra n tmiḍi niɣ d ma fllas idrusn ɣ igmamn ismun tn uzday n tnzzaɣt lli illan gratsn. Imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, mi ttinin imdadayn (clusters), iẓḍaṛ ad gisn ilin wafḍan n tmzzuɣar. Tigrummatin ad d imdadayn ad iẓḍar zaɣd nttni ad ttyawsnmalan ɣ magʷr-imdadayn, lli ur ismun kra n uzday n tnzzaɣt. Id magʷr-imdadayn, d idɣarn uganin, d &quot;iɣrban&quot; n tmzzuɣar, ula imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, nttni ad iskarn aẓṭṭa agnnan n tanga ɣ umɣrad ad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==
Aẓuṛ n ism ad n &quot;Tamzzuɣrt&quot; ikka d amyag n &quot;Zzuɣr&quot; issarn anamk d &quot;Ldi kra n tɣawsa&quot; niɣ d &quot;ad tt tettawkt&quot;  acku kkan tt inn mddn ar ẓṛṛan tassfift ad tumlilt illan ɣ [[Ignwan|ignna]], zun d &quot;tamatart n uzzuɣr d uldday&quot; n kra ɣ ignna. Irwas nit tamatart illullmn nna ittagurn ɣ wakal, kiɣ ar zzuɣurn imkrazn imadaɣn n walim niɣ d ulli nna t ttasinin. Ɣilli ɣ ar iṭṭar walim, ar iffal tiɣrdin nns yan usaka imlluln ur bahra ifaw, illullm, ɣmklli n iɣalln n tmzzuɣrt n [[Asif n walim|wasif n walim]] lliɣ illa [[Angraw anafuk|ungraw anafuk]].

== Tisuɣal ==</text>
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Yat '''tmzzuɣrt''' tga yan wamun n itran d ugḍṛuṛ d [[Urrig|warragn]] ann lli gratsn llanin, ismun tn unzaɣ n tnzzaɣt. Mgalant kigan n tmzzuɣar ɣ usɣal nnsnt (gr 2.000 ar 500.000 n usggʷas n tifawt ɣ tzuri) ula ɣ talɣa nnsnt. Aẓnẓaṛ lli d ittkkan timzzuɣar ar ittajja imassann ad tnt aṭṭun f tmzzuɣar ttyawmyarnin d tmzzuɣar ttdmarnin, nna ɣ llan id msbgr-itran. Igrawn n tmzzuɣar lli ittyannayn ɣ umɣrad ar asn aqqran s igdadn d id magʷr-igdadn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=rédaction |first=la |date=2013-01-02 |title=Définition {{!}} Galaxie : qu&amp;#039;est-ce que c&amp;#039;est ? {{!}} sciences |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/definitions/univers-galaxie-36/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Futura |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asafla n tmzzuɣar ar ilkkm umwan nnsnt gr 10 id mlyar d 13.6 id mlyar n usggʷas. Ilint kra gisnt druɣ ad lkmnt amwan n umɣrad nit s ugayyu nns, lli ittyarun ɣ wattayn n 13.8 id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Ar ttɣaln imassann n itran is d tamzzuɣrt lli igan tamaẓuẓt ɣ id xtilli ttyawssannin, tbayn ɣ wattayn n 500 mlyun n usggʷas ayad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |date=2023-06-09 |title=Galaxies - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iẓḍaṛ ad munnt tmzzuɣar, ad ttyawsnmalant ɣ kra n tgrummatin llan gisnt kra n tmiḍi niɣ d ma fllas idrusn ɣ igmamn ismun tn uzday n tnzzaɣt lli illan gratsn. Imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, mi ttinin imdadayn (clusters), iẓḍaṛ ad gisn ilin wafḍan n tmzzuɣar. Tigrummatin ad d imdadayn ad iẓḍar zaɣd nttni ad ttyawsnmalan ɣ magʷr-imdadayn, lli ur ismun kra n uzday n tnzzaɣt. Id magʷr-imdadayn, d idɣarn uganin, d &quot;iɣrban&quot; n tmzzuɣar, ula imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, nttni ad iskarn aẓṭṭa agnnan n tanga ɣ umɣrad ad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==
Aẓuṛ n ism ad n &quot;Tamzzuɣrt&quot; ikka d amyag n &quot;Zzuɣr&quot; issarn anamk d &quot;Ldi kra n tɣawsa&quot; niɣ d &quot;ad tt tettawkt&quot;  acku kkan tt inn mddn ar ẓṛṛan tassfift ad tumlilt illan ɣ [[Ignwan|ignna]], zun d &quot;tamatart n uzzuɣr d uldday&quot; n kra ɣ ignna. Irwas nit tamatart illullmn nna ittagurn ɣ wakal, kiɣ ar zzuɣurn imkrazn imadaɣn n walim niɣ d ulli nna t ttasinin. Ɣilli ɣ ar iṭṭar walim, ar iffal tiɣrdin nns yan usaka imlluln ur bahra ifaw, illullm, ɣmklli n iɣalln n tmzzuɣrt n [[Asif n walim|wasif n walim]] lliɣ illa [[Angraw anafuk|ungraw anafuk]].

== Tisuɣal ==</text>
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Yat '''tmzzuɣrt''' tga yan wamun n itran d ugḍṛuṛ d [[Urrig|warragn]] ann lli gratsn llanin, ismun tn unzaɣ n tnzzaɣt. Mgalant kigan n tmzzuɣar ɣ usɣal nnsnt (gr 2.000 ar 500.000 n usggʷas n tifawt ɣ tzuri) ula ɣ talɣa nnsnt. Aẓnẓaṛ lli ittkkan timzzuɣar ar ittajja imassann ad tnt aṭṭun f tmzzuɣar ttyawmyarnin d tmzzuɣar ttdmarnin, nna ɣ llan id msbgr-itran. Igrawn n tmzzuɣar lli ittyannayn ɣ umɣrad ar asn aqqran s igdadn d id magʷr-igdadn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=rédaction |first=la |date=2013-01-02 |title=Définition {{!}} Galaxie : qu&amp;#039;est-ce que c&amp;#039;est ? {{!}} sciences |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/definitions/univers-galaxie-36/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Futura |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asafla n tmzzuɣar ar ilkkm umwan nnsnt gr 10 id mlyar d 13.6 id mlyar n usggʷas. Ilint kra gisnt druɣ ad lkmnt amwan n umɣrad nit s ugayyu nns, lli ittyarun ɣ wattayn n 13.8 id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Ar ttɣaln imassann n itran is d tamzzuɣrt lli igan tamaẓuẓt ɣ id xtilli ttyawssannin, tbayn ɣ wattayn n 500 mlyun n usggʷas ayad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |date=2023-06-09 |title=Galaxies - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iẓḍaṛ ad munnt tmzzuɣar, ad ttyawsnmalant ɣ kra n tgrummatin llan gisnt kra n tmiḍi niɣ d ma fllas idrusn ɣ igmamn ismun tn uzday n tnzzaɣt lli illan gratsn. Imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, mi ttinin imdadayn (clusters), iẓḍaṛ ad gisn ilin wafḍan n tmzzuɣar. Tigrummatin ad d imdadayn ad iẓḍar zaɣd nttni ad ttyawsnmalan ɣ magʷr-imdadayn, lli ur ismun kra n uzday n tnzzaɣt. Id magʷr-imdadayn, d idɣarn uganin, d &quot;iɣrban&quot; n tmzzuɣar, ula imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, nttni ad iskarn aẓṭṭa agnnan n tanga ɣ umɣrad ad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==
Aẓuṛ n ism ad n &quot;Tamzzuɣrt&quot; ikka d amyag n &quot;Zzuɣr&quot; issarn anamk d &quot;Ldi kra n tɣawsa&quot; niɣ d &quot;ad tt tettawkt&quot;  acku kkan tt inn mddn ar ẓṛṛan tassfift ad tumlilt illan ɣ [[Ignwan|ignna]], zun d &quot;tamatart n uzzuɣr d uldday&quot; n kra ɣ ignna. Irwas nit tamatart illullmn nna ittagurn ɣ wakal, kiɣ ar zzuɣurn imkrazn imadaɣn n walim niɣ d ulli nna t ttasinin. Ɣilli ɣ ar iṭṭar walim, ar iffal tiɣrdin nns yan usaka imlluln ur bahra ifaw, illullm, ɣmklli n iɣalln n tmzzuɣrt n [[Asif n walim|wasif n walim]] lliɣ illa [[Angraw anafuk|ungraw anafuk]].

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Yat '''tmzzuɣrt''' tga yan wamun n itran d ugḍṛuṛ d [[Urrig|warragn]] ann lli gratsn llanin, ismun tn unzaɣ n tnzzaɣt. Mgalant kigan n tmzzuɣar ɣ usɣal nnsnt (gr 2.000 ar 500.000 n usggʷas n tifawt ɣ tzuri) ula ɣ talɣa nnsnt. Aẓnẓaṛ lli ittkkan timzzuɣar ar ittajja imassann ad tnt aṭṭun f tmzzuɣar ttyawmyarnin d tmzzuɣar ttdmarnin, nna ɣ llan id msbgr-itran. Igrawn n tmzzuɣar lli ittyannayn ɣ umɣrad ar asn aqqran s igdadn d id magʷr-igdadn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Bdr awib |last=rédaction |first=la |date=2013-01-02 |title=Définition {{!}} Galaxie : qu&amp;#039;est-ce que c&amp;#039;est ? {{!}} sciences |url=https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/definitions/univers-galaxie-36/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Futura |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asafla n tmzzuɣar ar ilkkm umwan nnsnt gr 10 id mlyar d 13.6 id mlyar n usggʷas. Ilint kra gisnt druɣ ad lkmnt amwan n umɣrad nit s ugayyu nns, lli ittyarun ɣ wattayn n 13.8 id mlyar n usggʷas ayad. Ar ttɣaln imassann n itran is d tamzzuɣrt lli igan tamaẓuẓt ɣ id xtilli ttyawssannin, tbayn ɣ wattayn n 500 mlyun n usggʷas ayad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Bdr awib |date=2023-06-09 |title=Galaxies - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iẓḍaṛ ad munnt tmzzuɣar, ad ttyawsnmalant ɣ kra n tgrummatin llan gisnt kra n tmiḍi niɣ d ma fllas idrusn ɣ igmamn ismun tn uzday n tnzzaɣt lli illan gratsn. Imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, mi ttinin imdadayn (clusters), iẓḍaṛ ad gisn ilin wafḍan n tmzzuɣar. Tigrummatin ad d imdadayn ad iẓḍar zaɣd nttni ad ttyawsnmalan ɣ magʷr-imdadayn, lli ur ismun kra n uzday n tnzzaɣt. Id magʷr-imdadayn, d idɣarn uganin, d &quot;iɣrban&quot; n tmzzuɣar, ula imskiwn flinin yaḍnin, nttni ad iskarn aẓṭṭa agnnan n tanga ɣ umɣrad ad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Tasnaẓuṛt n ism ==
Aẓuṛ n ism ad n &quot;Tamzzuɣrt&quot; ikka d amyag n &quot;Zzuɣr&quot; issarn anamk d &quot;Ldi kra n tɣawsa&quot; niɣ d &quot;ad tt tettawkt&quot;  acku kkan tt inn mddn ar ẓṛṛan tassfift ad tumlilt illan ɣ [[Ignwan|ignna]], zun d &quot;tamatart n uzzuɣr d uldday&quot; n kra ɣ ignna. Irwas nit tamatart illullmn nna ittagurn ɣ wakal, kiɣ ar zzuɣurn imkrazn imadaɣn n walim niɣ d ulli nna t ttasinin. Ɣilli ɣ ar iṭṭar walim, ar iffal tiɣrdin nns yan usaka imlluln ur bahra ifaw, illullm, ɣmklli n iɣalln n tmzzuɣrt n [[Asif n walim|wasif n walim]] lliɣ illa [[Angraw anafuk|ungraw anafuk]].

== Anawn n tmzzuɣar ==

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