gentry

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      <namespace key="-2" case="case-sensitive">သိုဝ်ႇၶၢဝ်ႇ</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="case-sensitive" />
      <namespace key="1" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ်</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">ၽူႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ၽူႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="case-sensitive">ဝိၵ်ႇသျိၼ်ႇၼရီႇ</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="case-sensitive">လွင်ႈဢုပ်ႇဢူဝ်း ဝိၵ်ႇသျိၼ်ႇၼရီႇ</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="case-sensitive">ၾၢႆႇ</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ၾၢႆႇ</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">မီႇတီႇယႃႇဝီႇၶီႇ</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် မီႇတီႇယႃႇဝီႇၶီႇ</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="case-sensitive">ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="case-sensitive">လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="case-sensitive">ပိူင်ထၢၼ်ႈ</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ပိူင်ထၢၼ်ႈ</namespace>
      <namespace key="100" case="case-sensitive">ၵိူၼ်ႇတူ</namespace>
      <namespace key="101" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ၵိူၼ်ႇတူ</namespace>
      <namespace key="102" case="case-sensitive">တွၼ်ႈၸပ်းႁၢင်</namespace>
      <namespace key="103" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် တွၼ်ႈၸပ်းႁၢင်</namespace>
      <namespace key="106" case="case-sensitive">တူၼ်းၸၢပ်ႈလႅပ်ႈ</namespace>
      <namespace key="107" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် တူၼ်းၸၢပ်ႈလႅပ်ႈ</namespace>
      <namespace key="110" case="case-sensitive">ၶိုၼ်းၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈ</namespace>
      <namespace key="111" case="case-sensitive">ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ၶိုၼ်းၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈ</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="case-sensitive">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="case-sensitive">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="case-sensitive">မေႃႇၵျူး</namespace>
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      <namespace key="1728" case="case-sensitive">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="case-sensitive">Event talk</namespace>
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  <page>
    <title>gentry</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55465</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266612</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T22:44:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==  ===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ=== * {{enPR|jĕnʹtrē}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈd͡ʒɛntɹi/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-gentry.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɛntɹi|s=2}} * {{hyph|en|caption=Hyphenation (US)|gen|try}}  # ၵိူတ်ႇ၊ ငဝ်းလၢႆး; ၸၼ်ႉထၢၼ်ႈ ၸွမ်းၵိူတ်ႇ။ # ၽိင်ႈငႄႈ; လွင်ႈယဵၼ်ႇငႄႈ...&quot;</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="587" sha1="s84p55aph7y6h3guoeakvqkyjj6drxp" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{enPR|jĕnʹtrē}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈd͡ʒɛntɹi/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-gentry.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛntɹi|s=2}}
* {{hyph|en|caption=Hyphenation (US)|gen|try}}

# ၵိူတ်ႇ၊ ငဝ်းလၢႆး; ၸၼ်ႉထၢၼ်ႈ ၸွမ်းၵိူတ်ႇ။
# ၽိင်ႈငႄႈ; လွင်ႈယဵၼ်ႇငႄႈ၊ လွင်ႈၼႄး။
# ၵူၼ်းမီးပၺ်ႇၺႃႇ လႄႈ လဵင်ႉလူလီ။
===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>anaconda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55466</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266613</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T22:47:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==  ===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ=== * {{IPA|en|/ˌænəˈkɒndə/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/ˌænəˈkɑndə/|a=GA}} ** {{audio|en|En-us-anaconda.ogg|a=US}} *** {{IPA|en|/ˌɛə̯nəˈkɑndə/|/ˌeə̯nəˈkɑndə/|a=æ-tensing}} * {{hyph|en|an|a|con|da}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>266613</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="285" sha1="nxksynv7mbh98kaqtswuvukqh7nc7nc" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{IPA|en|/ˌænəˈkɒndə/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˌænəˈkɑndə/|a=GA}}
** {{audio|en|En-us-anaconda.ogg|a=US}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˌɛə̯nəˈkɑndə/|/ˌeə̯nəˈkɑndə/|a=æ-tensing}}
* {{hyph|en|an|a|con|da}}</text>
      <sha1>nxksynv7mbh98kaqtswuvukqh7nc7nc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>g</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55467</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266614</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T22:49:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==  ===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ=== * {{sense|letter name}} {{IPA|en|/dʒiː/}} * {{audio|en|en-uk-g.ogg|a=UK}} * {{rhymes|en|iː|s=1}}  ====တူဝ်မႄႈလိၵ်ႈ==== {{head|en|တူဝ်မႄႈလိၵ်ႈ|တူဝ်ယႂ်ႇ|G|တူဝ်လဵၵ်ႉ|g|tr=ၵျီႇ}}  # တူဝ်လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်း ဢၼ် ထူၼ...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>266614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="478" sha1="kvrsagv9u1s8asoodqvsuz710lia66j" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{sense|letter name}} {{IPA|en|/dʒiː/}}
* {{audio|en|en-uk-g.ogg|a=UK}}
* {{rhymes|en|iː|s=1}}

====တူဝ်မႄႈလိၵ်ႈ====
{{head|en|တူဝ်မႄႈလိၵ်ႈ|တူဝ်ယႂ်ႇ|G|တူဝ်လဵၵ်ႉ|g|tr=ၵျီႇ}}

# တူဝ်လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်း ဢၼ် ထူၼ်ႈ 7။

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
      <sha1>kvrsagv9u1s8asoodqvsuz710lia66j</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>N</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55468</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266615</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T22:51:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fuck</comment>
      <origin>266615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5308" sha1="ihqst55mj8cdqs6l7n3ipj59dbowwgm" xml:space="preserve">{{also|Appendix:Variations of &quot;n&quot;}}
{{character info}}
{{character info/var|Ｎ|𝕹|𜳣}}
{{minitoc}}
==Translingual==
{{wp}}

===Etymology===
From the {{der|mul|ett|-}} letter {{m|ett|𐌍|pos=en}}, from the {{der|mul|grc|-}} letter {{m|grc|Ν|pos=nu}}, derived from the {{der|mul|phn|-}} letter {{m|phn|𐤍|pos=nun}}, possibly from the {{der|mul|egy|-}} hieroglyph {{m|egy|𓆓}}.

===Letter===
{{mul-letter|upper=N|lower=n|script=Latn}}

# {{Latn-def|mul|letter|14}}

====See also====
{{Latn-script}}

===Symbol===
{{mul-symbol}}

# {{senseid|mul|Q627}} {{chemical symbol|nitrogen}}
# {{lb|mul|chemistry}} {{l|en|nines}}, as a degree of purity. {{ng|5N is 99.999% pure.}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q12438}} {{lb|mul|metrology}} [[newton#English:_Q12438|newton]], the SI unit of [[force]]
#: {{hol|mul|kN&lt;id:Q56402798&gt;|&lt;|MN&lt;id:Q85854198&gt;|&lt;|GN&lt;id:Q94416260&gt;|&lt;|TN&lt;id:Q95993516&gt;|&lt;|PN&lt;id:Q94417138&gt;|&lt;|EN&lt;id:Q95993530&gt;|&lt;|ZN&lt;id:Q54083318&gt;|&lt;|YN&lt;id:Q94416879&gt;}}
#: {{mer|mul|pN&lt;id:Q95993532&gt;|&lt;|nN&lt;id:Q95993522&gt;|&lt;|μN&lt;id:Q94418102&gt;|&lt;|mN&lt;id:Q95867993&gt;}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|termlang=mul|author=Gérard P. Michon|title=What is a slug, in the [engineering] weight measurement system?|magazine=Numericana.com|url=https://www.numericana.com/answer/units.htm|date=2000-10-09|passage=A mass of one hyl gets accelerated at a rate of one meter per square second by a force of one kilogram-force (namely, 9.80665 '''N''').}}
#* {{quote-video game|en|developer=w:BioWare|title={{w|Mass Effect: Andromeda}}|location=Redwood City|publisher=Electronic Arts|year=2017|system=PC|scene=Outlaws: Adhi Codex entry|oclc=1261299044|text=When attacking, adhi drive opponents out of secure positions to make them vulnerable to gunfire or a concerted attack by the rest of the pack. Their jaw strength has been measured in excess of 1900 '''N''', dangerous even when wearing a hardsuit.}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q185906}} {{lb|mul|amino acid|[[IUPAC]] 1-letter symbol}} [[asparagine#English:_Q185906|asparagine]]
#: {{syn|mul|Asn&lt;id:Q185906&gt;}}
# {{senseid|mul|electron number}} {{lb|mul|physics}} [[electron number]]
# {{lb|mul|music}} [[Neapolitan chord]] (usually in [[first inversion]], therefore followed by a superscript six)
# {{lb|mul|linguistics}} A [[wildcard]] for a [[nasal]] consonant (nasal stop)
# The symbol in [[base]]s higher than [[twenty-three]] for the number expressed as {{l|mul|23}} in decimal.
# {{lb|mul|[[w:List of international license plate codes|license plate codes]]}} [[Norway]]

===Gallery===
&lt;gallery caption=&quot;Letter styles&quot; perrow=3 mode=packed class=skin-invert-image&gt;
Image:Latin N.png|Uppercase and lowercase versions of '''N''', in normal and italic type
Image:Fraktur letter n.svg|Uppercase and lowercase '''N''' in [[Fraktur]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===See also===
{{Letter
|page=N
|NATO=November
|Morse=–·
|Braille=⠝
}}

{{C|mul|Pnictogens}}

==English==

===Etymology 1===

====Letter====
{{letter|en}}

# {{Latn-def|en|letter|14|en}}

=====See also=====
{{list:Latin script letters/en}}

====Number====
{{numeral symbol|en}}

# {{Latn-def|en|ordinal|14|en}}

===Etymology 2===
Abbreviations.

====Pronunciation====
* {{qual|name of letter}} {{IPA|en|/ɛn/}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛn|s=1}}
: {{audio|en|en-us-n.ogg|a=US}}
: {{audio|en|en-uk-n.ogg|a=UK}}

====Noun====
{{head|en|nouns}}

# {{senseid|en|navy or Navy}} {{lb|en|military}} {{abbr of|en|navy}}.
# {{senseid|en|north or North}} {{abbr of|en|north}} (see also [[n]]).
# {{senseid|en|noun}} {{lb|en|linguistics}} {{abbr of|en|noun}}.
# {{senseid|en|knight, in chess}} {{lb|en|chess}} {{abbr of|en|knight}}.
#* {{quote-web|en|title=2023 Laws of Chess|url=https://rcc.fide.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/20230101Laws-of-Chess.pdf|year=2022|page=23|work=w:FIDE|passage=1.e4 e5 2. '''N'''f3 '''N'''f6 3. d4 exd4 4. e5 '''N'''e4 5. Qxd4 d5 6. exd6 e.p. '''N'''xd6 7. Bg5 '''N'''c6 8. Qe3+ Be7 9. '''N'''bd2 0-0 10. 0-0-0 Re8 11. Kb1 (=)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316122506/https://rcc.fide.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/20230101Laws-of-Chess.pdf}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=GM Noël Studer|title=Mastering Chess Puzzles: The Comprehensive Guide to Effective Problem Solving|magazine=Next Level Chess|url=https://nextlevelchess.com/mastering-chess-puzzles-comprehensive-guide-to-effective-problem-solving/|date=2023-08-12|passage=The correct answer is 1.Rxf6 Rxf6 2.Rf1 Raf8 3.Qg5 Kg7 4.'''N'''h5+&lt;br&gt;Other sub-variations work, such as playing 2.Qg5 then 3.Rf1 or playing 4.Bxf6+ first before playing 5.'''N'''h5+.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806030130/https://nextlevelchess.com/mastering-chess-puzzles-comprehensive-guide-to-effective-problem-solving/}}
# {{senseid|en|Q135447128}} {{abbreviation of|en|neutral&lt;id:Q135447128&gt;&lt;gloss:gear selection&gt;}}.
#: {{cot|en|P&lt;id:Q135447198&gt;|R&lt;id:Q2203464&gt;|N&lt;id:Q135447128&gt;|D&lt;id:Q135447265&gt;|second gear&lt;alt:2&gt;|first gear&lt;alt:1&gt;}}
# {{lb|en|ZA|roadway}} {{abbr of|en|[[national]] [[route]]}}.

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top-see|north|north}}{{multitrans|data=
* French: {{tt+|fr|N|m}}
* German: {{tt+|de|N|m}}
* Greek: {{tt+|el|Β}}
* Hungarian: {{tt+|hu|É}}
* Russian: {{tt+|ru|С}}
* Swedish: {{tt+|sv|N}}
}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===See also===
{{col|en|N-aquifer|N-arachidonoylethanolamine|N galaxy|CHNOPS|CHON|N-acetyl-dihydroxyhomotyrosine|nisin|NOx|N-tower}}

{{C|en|Compass points}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>S</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55469</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266616</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T22:52:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;{{also|s|'s|-s|ѕ|Ѕ|Տ|Ꮪ|Appendix:Variations of &quot;s&quot;|uni=auto}} {{character info}} {{character info/var|Ｓ|𜳨}} {{minitoc}} ==Translingual== {{wp}}  ===Etymology=== From the {{der|mul|ett|-}} letter {{m|ett|𐌔||es}}, from the {{der|mul|grc|-}} letter {{m|grc|Σ||sigma}}, derived from the {{der|mul|phn|-}} letter {{m|phn|𐤔||šin}}, from the {{der|mul|egy|-}} hieroglyph {{m|egy|𓌒}}.  ===Letter=== {{mul-le...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5356" sha1="0fjm7snszu0l2c078w5vdsgvvf64vno" xml:space="preserve">{{also|s|'s|-s|ѕ|Ѕ|Տ|Ꮪ|Appendix:Variations of &quot;s&quot;|uni=auto}}
{{character info}}
{{character info/var|Ｓ|𜳨}}
{{minitoc}}
==Translingual==
{{wp}}

===Etymology===
From the {{der|mul|ett|-}} letter {{m|ett|𐌔||es}}, from the {{der|mul|grc|-}} letter {{m|grc|Σ||sigma}}, derived from the {{der|mul|phn|-}} letter {{m|phn|𐤔||šin}}, from the {{der|mul|egy|-}} hieroglyph {{m|egy|𓌒}}.

===Letter===
{{mul-letter|upper=S|lower=|lower2=s|script=Latn}}

# {{Latn-def|mul|letter|19}}

===See also===
{{mul-script/Latn-list}}

===Symbol===
{{mul-symbol}}

# {{senseid|mul|Q682}} {{chemical symbol|sulfur}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q169893}} {{lb|mul|metrology}} [[siemens#English:_Q169893|siemens]], a measure of [[electrical conductance]]
#: {{nearsyn|en|mul:℧&lt;id:Q14850704&gt;}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q111911625}} {{lb|mul|metrology}} [[spat#English:_Q111911625|spat]] (obsolete astronomical unit of distance)
# {{senseid|mul|Q1472674}} {{lb|mul|metrology}} [[svedberg#English:_Q1472674|svedberg]] (unit of sedimentation rate in ultracentrifugation)
#: {{syn|mul|Sv&lt;id:Q1472674&gt;}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q1569733}} [[stokes#English:_Q1569733|stokes]] {{gl|unit of kinematic viscosity}}
#: {{syn|mul|St&lt;id:Q1569733&gt;}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q183290}} {{lb|mul|amino acid|[[IUPAC]] 1-letter abbreviation}} [[serine#English:_Q183290|serine]]
#: {{syn|mul|Ser&lt;id:Q183290&gt;}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q12056477}} {{lb|mul|geology}} [[storativity#English:_Q12056477|storativity]]
# {{senseid|mul|Q45003}} {{lb|mul|thermodynamics}} [[entropy#English:_Q45003|entropy]]
#: {{ux|mul|&lt;math&gt;\mathrm dS=\frac{\delta Q}{T}&lt;/math&gt; (entropy change associated with heat transfer)}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q12507}} {{lb|mul|mathematics|topology}} [[sphere#English:_Q12507|sphere]]
# {{lb|mul|mathematics|computer science}} The S (&quot;substitution&quot;) [[combinator]], defined as Sxyz = xz(yz), used in [[w:SKI combinator calculus|SKI calculus]]
# {{lb|mul|linguistics}} A [[wildcard]] for a [[sibilant]]; or sometimes ambiguously for a [[stop]], [[fricative]], [[sonorant]] or [[semivowel]]
# {{senseid|mul|size small}} {{lb|mul|usually|clothing}} [[small]] {{gl|the manufactured size}}
#: {{cot|mul|XXS|XS|M|L|XL|XLT|XXL|XXXL}}
# {{lb|mul|textiles}} A [[left-handed]] [[twist]].
#: {{ant|mul|Z}}
# The symbol in [[base]]s higher than [[twenty-eight]] for the number expressed as {{l|mul|28}} in decimal.
# {{lb|mul|[[w:List of international license plate codes|license plate codes]]}} [[Sweden]]

===Gallery===
&lt;gallery caption=&quot;Letter styles&quot; perrow=3 mode=packed&gt;
Image:Latin S.png|Uppercase and lowercase versions of '''S''', in normal and italic type
Image:Fraktur letter s.svg|Uppercase and lowercase '''S''' in [[Fraktur]], with long and short '''s''' in lower case
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===See also===
{{Letter
|page=S
|NATO=Sierra
|Morse=···
|Braille=⠎
}}

[[Category:Symbols for chemical elements]]
{{C|mul|Chalcogens|Size}}

==English==

===Etymology 1===

====Pronunciation====
* {{qual|name of letter}} {{IPA|en|/ɛs/}}
** {{rhymes|en|ɛs|s=1}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-S-letter.ogg|a=US}}
* (phoneme) {{IPA|en|/s/|/z/|/ʒ/}}

====Letter====
{{letter|en}}

# {{Latn-def|en|letter|19|ess}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|S-side|S-tier|S-plasty| S/N ratio|binor-S|S-curve|S rank|S-turn| H-S chart|S-factor|S-Video|split S|Mode S|S-hook|bisphenol S}}

=====See also=====
{{list:Latin script letters/en}}

====Number====
{{numeral symbol|en}}

# {{Latn-def|en|ordinal|19|ess}}

===Etymology 2===
Abbreviation.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{init of|en|south}}.
# {{init of|en|season}} {{gloss|group of episodes of a series}}.
#: {{cot|en|E&lt;t:episode&gt;}}
#: {{ux|en|I watched '''S'''01 through 03. I have yet to watch the '''S'''04.}}
#: {{ux|en|The pilot episode is '''S'''01E01.}}
# {{lb|en|usually|clothing}} {{init of|en|small}} {{gl|the manufactured size or an item of that size}}.
#: {{cot|en|XXS|XS|M|L|XL|XLT|XXL|XXXL}}
# {{lb|en|music}} {{init of|en|soprano}}.
# {{lb|en|television}} {{init of|en|[[subtitle]]s}}.
#: {{syn|en|CC|sub}}
# {{lb|en|{{w|American Library Association}}}} {{init of|en|sextodecimo}} {{gl|book size, 15-17.5 cm in height}}.

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top-see|south|south}}
* German: {{t+|de|S|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|S}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|abbreviation of season}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|S}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|usually|clothing}} {{init of|en|small}} {{gl|of the manufactured size}}.
#: {{cot|en|XXS|XS|M|L|XL|XXL}}
# {{lb|en|education}} {{init of|en|satisfactory}}.

===Etymology 3===
From the first letter of {{m|en|set}} and of {{m|en|stage}}, two fundamental concepts of the theory.
{{wp|S (set theory)}}

====Proper noun====
{{en-proper noun}}

# {{lb|en|set theory}} An [[axiomatic]] [[set theory]], developed by logician {{w|George Boolos}}, in which several of the [[axiom]]s of [[ZF]] are derivable as [[theorem]]s.
#: {{ux|en|'''S''' has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other '''S''' axioms.}}

{{C|en|Compass points|Size|Book sizes}}

==Afar==

===Letter===
{{letter|aa}}

# {{Latn-def|aa|letter|4}}

====See also====
{{list:Latin script letters/aa}}

==Afrikaans==

===Pronunciation===
* {{sense|letter name}} {{IPA|af|/ɛs/}}

===Letter===
{{letter|af}}

# {{Latn-def|af|letter|19}}

====See also====
{{list:Latin script letters/af/simple}}

===Noun===
{{af-noun|S's|S'ie}}

# [[#English|S]]</text>
      <sha1>0fjm7snszu0l2c078w5vdsgvvf64vno</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>crouton</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55470</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266617</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T22:58:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;{also|croûton}} ==English== {{wp}} [[Image:Croutons_(1).jpg|thumb|croutons]]  ===Alternative forms=== * {{alt|en|croûton}}  ===Etymology=== {{ubor|en|fr|croûton}}.  ===Pronunciation=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːtɒn/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹutɑn/|/kɹuˈtɑn/|a=GA,dialects of Canada}} ** {{audio|en|en-us-crouton.ogg|a=US}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹutɒn/|a=CA,dialects of the US}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉːtɔn/|a=AU}} * {{IPA|en|/...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1517" sha1="j5jx07afr2kzjt9epkgfyie2joxhl6h" xml:space="preserve">{also|croûton}}
==English==
{{wp}}
[[Image:Croutons_(1).jpg|thumb|croutons]]

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|croûton}}

===Etymology===
{{ubor|en|fr|croûton}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːtɒn/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹutɑn/|/kɹuˈtɑn/|a=GA,dialects of Canada}}
** {{audio|en|en-us-crouton.ogg|a=US}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹutɒn/|a=CA,dialects of the US}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉːtɔn/|a=AU}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉːtɒn/|[ˈkɹʉːtɔ̟n]|a=NZ}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːtɒn|s=2}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A small, often [[seasoned]], piece of dry or fried bread.
# {{lb|en|AAVE|slang}} A [[Glock switch]].

====Derived terms====
*{{l|en|water crouton}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|small piece of bread}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|crouton|m}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|krutoon}}, {{t|et|saiakuubik}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|krutonki}}, {{t|fi|leipäkuutio}}
* French: {{t+|fr|croûton}}, {{t+|fr|crouton}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|carocho|m}}, {{t+|gl|corrosco|m}}, {{t+|gl|codela|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ორცხობილა}}, {{t|ka|კრუტონი}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|brauðteningur|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|crostino|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|grzanka|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|грено́к|m}}, {{t+|ru|круто́н|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|crutón|m}} {{qualifier|Southern Cone}}, {{t+|es|picatoste|m}}, {{t+|es|tostón|m}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|krutong|c}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|kruton}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===See also===
* {{l|en|canapé}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=cnoortu|contour|cornuto|countor}}

{{C|en|Foods}}</text>
      <sha1>j5jx07afr2kzjt9epkgfyie2joxhl6h</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>cruel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55471</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266618</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T22:59:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;==English==  ===Alternative forms=== * {{alt|en|cruell||obsolete}}  ===Pronunciation=== * {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}} ** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}} *** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}} * {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}} * {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}} * {{hyph|en|cru|el}}  ===Etymology 1=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*krewh...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="15461" sha1="smy4n4k1ljq5p3vbgvifmthjhio93le" xml:space="preserve">==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|cruell||obsolete}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*krewh₂-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|cruel}}, borrowed from {{der|en|fro|cruel}}, from {{der|en|la|crūdēlis||hard, severe, cruel}}, akin to {{m|la|crūdus||raw, crude}}; see {{m|en|crude}}.

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# Intentionally causing or reveling in [[pain]] and [[suffering]]; [[merciless]], [[heartless]].
#: {{syn|en|inhuman|sadistic|spiteful|Thesaurus:cruel}}
#: {{ant|en|merciful}}
#: {{ux|en|The supervisor was very '''cruel''' to Josh, as he would always give Josh the hardest, most degrading work he could find.}}
# [[harsh|Harsh]]; [[severe]].
#: {{syn|en|brutal|callous|strict|Thesaurus:stern}}
#: {{ux|en|We're certainly having quite a '''cruel''' winter this year.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1913|author={{w|Edgar Rice Burroughs}}|title={{w|The Return of Tarzan}}|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|year_published=1963|page=193|passage=The thought that something might befall him that would leave her entirely at the mercy of this beast caused him greater anxiety than the probability that almost certain death awaited her should she be left entirely alone upon the outskirts of the '''cruel''' forest.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1951|author=w:C. S. Lewis|title={{w|Prince Caspian|Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia}}
|passage=You may be sure they watched the cliffs on their left eagerly for any sign of a break or any place where they could climb them; but those cliffs remained '''cruel'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2013|author=w:Ranulph Fiennes|title=Cold: Extreme Adventures at the Lowest Temperatures on Earth
|passage=He was physically the toughest of us and wore five layers of polar clothing, but the cold was '''cruel''' and wore us down hour after hour.}}
# {{lb|en|slang}} [[cool|Cool]]; [[awesome]]; [[neat]].

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|cruelize|over-cruel|uncruel
|be cruel to be kind|cruel-hearted|cruel mistress|cruelly|cruelness|cruelsome|goodbye, cruel world|overcruel}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col|en|crude|cruelty}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|that intentionally causes pain and suffering}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|wreedaardig}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|mizor}}
* Arabic: {{qualifier|indefinite}} {{t|ar|قَاسٍ}}, {{qualifier|definite}} {{t|ar|وَاسِي|alt=الْقَاسِي}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դաժան}}, {{t+|hy|անգութ}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|cruel}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qəddar}}, {{t+|az|amansız}}, {{t+|az|zalım}}, {{t+|az|vəhşi}}, {{t+|az|mərhəmətsiz}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|жо́рсткі}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|жесто́к}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cruel}}
* Chinese:
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|橫逆|tr=hêng-ge̍k}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|殘忍}}, {{t+|cmn|殘酷}}, {{t+|cmn|狠心|tr=hěnxīn}}
* Comorian:
*: Ngazidja Comorian: {{t|zdj|-[[i]]}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|krutý|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|grusom}}, {{t+|da|rå}}, {{t|da|umenneskelig}}, {{t|da|grum}}, {{t|da|styg}}, {{t+|da|ond}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|wreed}}, {{t+|nl|wrede}}, {{t+|nl|gemeen}}, {{t+|nl|gemene}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kruela}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|julm}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|grimmur}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|julma}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cruel}}
* Frisian:
*: West Frisian: {{t|fy|wreed}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|crudêl}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|cruel}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|სასტიკი}}, {{t|ka|ულმობელი}}
* German: {{t+|de|grausam}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σκληρός}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אַכְזָרִי|m|tr=akhzarí}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|निर्दयी}}, {{t|hi|क्रूर}}, {{t|hi|ज़ालिम}}, {{t+|hi|उग्र}}, {{t+|hi|अत्याचारी}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kegyetlen}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|grimmur|m}}, {{t+|is|vondur|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kejam}}, {{t+|id|tega}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|cruel}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ainiochtach}}, {{t|ga|cruálach}}, {{t|ga|danartha}}, {{t|ga|daordhálach}}, {{t|ga|neamhdhuineata}}, {{t|ga|turcánta}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|crudele}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|残酷|tr=ざんこく, zankoku}}, {{t+|ja|酷い|tr=ひどい, hidoi}}, {{t+|ja|惨い|tr=むごい, mugoi}}, {{t+|ja|残忍|tr=ざんにん, zannin}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|қатал}}, {{t|kk|мейірімсіз}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|잔혹하다}}, {{t+|ko|잔인하다}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|zalim}}, {{t+|kmr|bêrehm}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|катаал}}, {{t+|ky|ырайымсыз}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|kruel}}, {{t|lad|imansiz}}, {{t|lad|ahzar}}
* Latin: {{t|la|crūdēlis}}, {{t|la|saevus}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|nežēlīgs}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|žiaurus}}, {{t|lt|negailestingas}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|kejam}}, {{t+|ms|zalim}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ക്രൂരം}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|whakawiriwiri}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|cruel}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|хэрцгий}}
* Neapolitan: {{t|nap|malo}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|grusom}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|crudèl}}, {{t|oc|cruèl}}, {{t|oc|crusèl}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|wælhrēow}}
* Papiamentu: {{t|pap|kruel}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ظالِم|tr=zâlem}}, {{t+|fa|بی رَحْم|tr=bi rahm}}, {{t+|fa|ظالِمانِه|tr=zâlemâne}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|grausom}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|okrutny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cruel}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|crud}}, {{t+|ro|crunt}}, {{t+|ro|cumplit}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|жесто́кий}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|क्रूर}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|borb}}, {{t|gd|garg}}, {{t|gd|cruadalach}}, {{t|gd|neo-iochdmhor}}, {{t|gd|neo-thruacanta}}, {{t|gd|mì-chneasta}}, {{t|gd|brùideil}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|не̏човјечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t|sh|не̏човечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t|sh|о̏крӯтан|m}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|nȅčovječan}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t+|sh|nȅčovečan}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t+|sh|ȍkrūtan|m}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|crudili}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|krutý}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|krut}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cruel}}, {{t+|es|cruento}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|dhalimu}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|grym}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|malupit}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|бераҳм}}, {{t|tg|золим}}, {{t+|tg|бераҳмона}}, {{t|tg|золимона}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|рәхимсез}}
* Tày: {{t|tyz|ác}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|క్రూరమైన}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|โหด}}, {{t+|th|ทารุณ}}, {{t+|th|โหดร้าย}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|zalim}}, {{t+|tr|acımasız}}, {{t+|tr|vahşi}}, {{t+|tr|merhametsiz}}
*: Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|دینسز|tr=dinsiz}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|rehimsiz}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|жорсто́кий}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|ظالِم}}, {{t|ur|نِرْدَیِی}}, {{t|ur|ظالِمانَہ}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|رەھىمسىز}}, {{t|ug|بىرەھىم}}, {{t|ug|ۋەھشىي}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|shafqatsiz}}, {{t+|uz|berahm}}, {{t+|uz|zolim}}, {{t+|uz|rahmsiz}}, {{t+|uz|vahshiy}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|độc ác}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|creulon}}
* Woiwurrung: {{t|wyi|nilimjak-koorring}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|גרויזאַם}}, {{t|yi|אכזריותדיק|tr=akhzóryesdik}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adverb====
{{en-adv|-}}

# {{lb|en|nonstandard}} To a great degree; terribly.
#* {{RQ:Doyle Poison Belt|passage=&quot;But I've served 'im ten years, and I'm fond of 'im, and, mind you, 'e's a great man, when all's said an' done, and it's an honor to serve 'im. But 'e does try one '''cruel''' at times.&quot;}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Kerry Greenwood|title=Murder and Mendelssohn|location=Sydney|publisher=Allen and Unwin|year=2016|page=219|passage='I've never got arthritis, though my old dad had it something '''cruel'''.'}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb|+l}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|Australia|New Zealand}} To [[spoil]] or [[ruin]] (one's chance of success)
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1937|author=Vance Palmer|title=Legend for Sanderson|location=Sydney|publisher=Angus &amp; Robertson|page=226|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=fcgLAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;dq=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwic34uZ9-HNAhVH02MKHYmuBDwQ6AEIfDAQ
|passage=What '''cruelled''' him was that Imperial Hotel contract.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Sydney Morning Herald|date=1 April 2014|titleurl=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-news/scott-higginbotham-laments-loss-of-rebels-hugh-pyle-to-french-club-20140401-zqpea.html
|passage=He was on the fringes of Test selection last year before a shoulder injury '''cruelled''' his chances.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Age|date=8 September 2015|titleurl=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/port-of-melbourne-ships-may-soon-be-too-big-to-pass-under-west-gate-bridge-20150908-gjhkmc.html
|passage=A shortage of berth space for mega container ships will restrict capacity at Melbourne's port, '''cruelling''' Labor's attempts to get maximum value from its privatisation, a leading shipping expert has warned.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2025-05-01|author=Barrie Cassidy and Tony Barry|title=The Trump effect has left Dutton exposed and Albanese in poll position in this atypical election race|work=w:The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/01/the-trump-effect-left-dutton-exposed-and-albanese-in-poll-position-in-this-atypical-election-race-ntwnfb|text=The Trump effect has '''cruelled''' Peter Dutton’s campaign.}}
# {{lb|en|Australia|ambitransitive}} To violently provoke (a child) in the belief that this will make them more assertive.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=Stewart Motha|chapter=Reconciliation as Domination|editor=Scott Veitch|title=Law and the Politics of Reconciliation|publisher=Routledge|year_published=2016|page=83|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jeQGDAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
|passage=Violence is apparently introduced early by the practice of &quot;'''cruelling'''&quot;: children even in their first months are physically punished and then encouraged to seek retribution by punishing the punisher.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2009-07-02|author=Mark Colvin|site={{w|Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC}}|title=Peter Sutton discusses the politics of suffering in Aboriginal communities|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117005301/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|passage={{...}} I was referring to the area where you were talking about this practice of '''cruelling'''; the pinching of babies, sometimes so hard that their skin breaks and may go septic.}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{alt form|en|crewel}}.

====Further reading====
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=celru|lucre|ulcer}}

{{cln|en|1-syllable words}}

==Asturian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ast|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{ast-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{ast-adj-mf|pl=crueles}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}

====Related terms====
{{col|ast|crueldá|crudu}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ca|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|è}}&lt;!-- per GDLC, DNV, DCVB --&gt;
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-cruel.wav|a=Barcelona}}

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj|mf}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ca|cruelment}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|crueltat}}
* {{l|ca|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

==French==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|fr|fro|cruel}}, from {{inh|fr|la|crūdēlis}}; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form {{m|fro|crual}}, possibly from a {{inh|fr|la-vul|-}} form {{m|la|*crūdālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-cruel.ogg}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;Switzerland&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Valais&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Lyon&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{homophones|fr|cruels|cruelle|cruelles}}

===Adjective===
{{fr-adj}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}
# [[hard]], [[painful]]

====Synonyms====
* {{l|fr|féroce}}
* {{l|fr|pénible}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|cruellement}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|fr|cruauté}}
* {{l|fr|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|culer}}
* {{l|fr|recul}}

{{C|fr|Personality}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|gl|roa-opt|cruel}}, from {{inh|gl|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{gl-pr|+,cru.el}}
* {{hyph|gl|cru|el}}

===Adjective===
{{gl-adj}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|gl|cruelment}}

====Related terms====
{{col|gl|crueldade|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:gl:DRAG}}
* {{R:gl:Estraviz}}

==Middle English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|enm|kruell|cruele|cruwel|crewel|cruell|cruwelle|crewelle|cruelle|crowell}}

===Etymology===
From {{bor|enm|fro|crual}}, from {{der|enm|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|enm|/kriu̯ˈɛːl/|/ˈkriu̯ɛl/|/ˈkriu̯əl/}}

===Adjective===
{{enm-adj}}

# Merciless, {{l|en|cruel}}; [[revelling]] in another's pain.
# [[deleterious|Deleterious]], injurious; conducive to suffering.
# Unbearable, saddening, terrifying.
# Strict, [[unforgiving]], [[mean]]; not nice.
# Savage, vicious, dangerous; displaying ferocity.
# Bold, valiant, heroic {{gloss|in war}}
# {{lb|enm|rare}} Sharp, acrid, bitter-tasting.

====Derived terms====
* {{l|enm|cruelheed}}
* {{l|enm|cruelly}}
* {{l|enm|cruelnesse}}
* {{l|enm|cruelte}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|cruel}}
* {{desc|sco|cruel}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=crūē̆l |pos=adj|id=MED9054|accessdate=2018-09-12}}

{{C|enm|Emotions|War}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|pt|roa-opt|cruel}}, from {{inh|pt|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA|[el:él]}}
* {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-MedK1-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;Brazil&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Caipira&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{rhymes|pt|ɛl|q1=Portugal|ɛw|q2=Brazil|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pt|cru|el}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj}}

# {{lb|pt|of a person or creature}} {{l|en|cruel}} {{gloss|that intentionally causes or revels in pain and suffering}}
#: {{syn|pt|bárbaro}}
#: {{ux|pt|O algoz era conhecido por ser extremamente '''cruel'''.|The executioner was known for being extremely '''cruel'''.}}
# {{lb|pt|of a situation or occurrence}} {{l|en|cruel}}; [[harsh]]; [[severe]]
#: {{syn|pt|severo|terrível|pesado}}
#: {{ux|pt|Ele recebeu uma '''cruel''' mas merecida sentença.|He received a '''harsh''' but deserved sentenced.}}
# {{lb|pt|of a doubt or question}} [[distressful]]
#: {{syn|pt|terrível}}
#: {{ux|pt|Que dúvida '''cruel'''!|What a '''horrible''' doubt!}}
# {{lb|pt|of an occurrence}} [[bloody]]; [[violent]]
#: {{syn|pt|sangrento|cruento|sanguinolento}}
#: {{ux|pt|Foi uma batalha '''cruel'''.|It was a '''bloody''' battle.}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|pt|cruelmente}}

====Related terms====
{{col|pt|crueldade|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pt:Aulete}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|es|osp|-}}, from {{inh|es|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}
# [[mean]]
#: {{syn|es|malo}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|es|cruelmente}}

====Related terms====
{{col|es|crueldad|crudo}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}

{{C|es|Personality}}</text>
      <sha1>smy4n4k1ljq5p3vbgvifmthjhio93le</sha1>
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      <text bytes="15634" sha1="o2xj8woeua5wri05ei3i1w9xrnae8fu" xml:space="preserve">==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|cruell||obsolete}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*krewh₂-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|cruel}}, borrowed from {{der|en|fro|cruel}}, from {{der|en|la|crūdēlis||hard, severe, cruel}}, akin to {{m|la|crūdus||raw, crude}}; see {{m|en|crude}}.

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။
#: {{syn|en|inhuman|sadistic|spiteful|Thesaurus:cruel}}
#: {{ant|en|merciful}}
#: {{ux|en|The supervisor was very '''cruel''' to Josh, as he would always give Josh the hardest, most degrading work he could find.}}
# [[harsh|Harsh]]; [[severe]].
#: {{syn|en|brutal|callous|strict|Thesaurus:stern}}
#: {{ux|en|We're certainly having quite a '''cruel''' winter this year.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1913|author={{w|Edgar Rice Burroughs}}|title={{w|The Return of Tarzan}}|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|year_published=1963|page=193|passage=The thought that something might befall him that would leave her entirely at the mercy of this beast caused him greater anxiety than the probability that almost certain death awaited her should she be left entirely alone upon the outskirts of the '''cruel''' forest.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1951|author=w:C. S. Lewis|title={{w|Prince Caspian|Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia}}
|passage=You may be sure they watched the cliffs on their left eagerly for any sign of a break or any place where they could climb them; but those cliffs remained '''cruel'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2013|author=w:Ranulph Fiennes|title=Cold: Extreme Adventures at the Lowest Temperatures on Earth
|passage=He was physically the toughest of us and wore five layers of polar clothing, but the cold was '''cruel''' and wore us down hour after hour.}}
# {{lb|en|slang}} [[cool|Cool]]; [[awesome]]; [[neat]].

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|cruelize|over-cruel|uncruel
|be cruel to be kind|cruel-hearted|cruel mistress|cruelly|cruelness|cruelsome|goodbye, cruel world|overcruel}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col|en|crude|cruelty}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|that intentionally causes pain and suffering}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|wreedaardig}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|mizor}}
* Arabic: {{qualifier|indefinite}} {{t|ar|قَاسٍ}}, {{qualifier|definite}} {{t|ar|وَاسِي|alt=الْقَاسِي}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դաժան}}, {{t+|hy|անգութ}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|cruel}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qəddar}}, {{t+|az|amansız}}, {{t+|az|zalım}}, {{t+|az|vəhşi}}, {{t+|az|mərhəmətsiz}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|жо́рсткі}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|жесто́к}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cruel}}
* Chinese:
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|橫逆|tr=hêng-ge̍k}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|殘忍}}, {{t+|cmn|殘酷}}, {{t+|cmn|狠心|tr=hěnxīn}}
* Comorian:
*: Ngazidja Comorian: {{t|zdj|-[[i]]}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|krutý|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|grusom}}, {{t+|da|rå}}, {{t|da|umenneskelig}}, {{t|da|grum}}, {{t|da|styg}}, {{t+|da|ond}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|wreed}}, {{t+|nl|wrede}}, {{t+|nl|gemeen}}, {{t+|nl|gemene}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kruela}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|julm}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|grimmur}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|julma}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cruel}}
* Frisian:
*: West Frisian: {{t|fy|wreed}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|crudêl}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|cruel}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|სასტიკი}}, {{t|ka|ულმობელი}}
* German: {{t+|de|grausam}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σκληρός}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אַכְזָרִי|m|tr=akhzarí}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|निर्दयी}}, {{t|hi|क्रूर}}, {{t|hi|ज़ालिम}}, {{t+|hi|उग्र}}, {{t+|hi|अत्याचारी}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kegyetlen}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|grimmur|m}}, {{t+|is|vondur|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kejam}}, {{t+|id|tega}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|cruel}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ainiochtach}}, {{t|ga|cruálach}}, {{t|ga|danartha}}, {{t|ga|daordhálach}}, {{t|ga|neamhdhuineata}}, {{t|ga|turcánta}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|crudele}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|残酷|tr=ざんこく, zankoku}}, {{t+|ja|酷い|tr=ひどい, hidoi}}, {{t+|ja|惨い|tr=むごい, mugoi}}, {{t+|ja|残忍|tr=ざんにん, zannin}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|қатал}}, {{t|kk|мейірімсіз}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|잔혹하다}}, {{t+|ko|잔인하다}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|zalim}}, {{t+|kmr|bêrehm}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|катаал}}, {{t+|ky|ырайымсыз}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|kruel}}, {{t|lad|imansiz}}, {{t|lad|ahzar}}
* Latin: {{t|la|crūdēlis}}, {{t|la|saevus}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|nežēlīgs}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|žiaurus}}, {{t|lt|negailestingas}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|kejam}}, {{t+|ms|zalim}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ക്രൂരം}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|whakawiriwiri}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|cruel}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|хэрцгий}}
* Neapolitan: {{t|nap|malo}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|grusom}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|crudèl}}, {{t|oc|cruèl}}, {{t|oc|crusèl}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|wælhrēow}}
* Papiamentu: {{t|pap|kruel}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ظالِم|tr=zâlem}}, {{t+|fa|بی رَحْم|tr=bi rahm}}, {{t+|fa|ظالِمانِه|tr=zâlemâne}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|grausom}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|okrutny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cruel}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|crud}}, {{t+|ro|crunt}}, {{t+|ro|cumplit}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|жесто́кий}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|क्रूर}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|borb}}, {{t|gd|garg}}, {{t|gd|cruadalach}}, {{t|gd|neo-iochdmhor}}, {{t|gd|neo-thruacanta}}, {{t|gd|mì-chneasta}}, {{t|gd|brùideil}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|не̏човјечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t|sh|не̏човечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t|sh|о̏крӯтан|m}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|nȅčovječan}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t+|sh|nȅčovečan}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t+|sh|ȍkrūtan|m}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|crudili}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|krutý}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|krut}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cruel}}, {{t+|es|cruento}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|dhalimu}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|grym}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|malupit}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|бераҳм}}, {{t|tg|золим}}, {{t+|tg|бераҳмона}}, {{t|tg|золимона}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|рәхимсез}}
* Tày: {{t|tyz|ác}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|క్రూరమైన}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|โหด}}, {{t+|th|ทารุณ}}, {{t+|th|โหดร้าย}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|zalim}}, {{t+|tr|acımasız}}, {{t+|tr|vahşi}}, {{t+|tr|merhametsiz}}
*: Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|دینسز|tr=dinsiz}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|rehimsiz}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|жорсто́кий}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|ظالِم}}, {{t|ur|نِرْدَیِی}}, {{t|ur|ظالِمانَہ}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|رەھىمسىز}}, {{t|ug|بىرەھىم}}, {{t|ug|ۋەھشىي}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|shafqatsiz}}, {{t+|uz|berahm}}, {{t+|uz|zolim}}, {{t+|uz|rahmsiz}}, {{t+|uz|vahshiy}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|độc ác}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|creulon}}
* Woiwurrung: {{t|wyi|nilimjak-koorring}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|גרויזאַם}}, {{t|yi|אכזריותדיק|tr=akhzóryesdik}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adverb====
{{en-adv|-}}

# {{lb|en|nonstandard}} To a great degree; terribly.
#* {{RQ:Doyle Poison Belt|passage=&quot;But I've served 'im ten years, and I'm fond of 'im, and, mind you, 'e's a great man, when all's said an' done, and it's an honor to serve 'im. But 'e does try one '''cruel''' at times.&quot;}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Kerry Greenwood|title=Murder and Mendelssohn|location=Sydney|publisher=Allen and Unwin|year=2016|page=219|passage='I've never got arthritis, though my old dad had it something '''cruel'''.'}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb|+l}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|Australia|New Zealand}} To [[spoil]] or [[ruin]] (one's chance of success)
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1937|author=Vance Palmer|title=Legend for Sanderson|location=Sydney|publisher=Angus &amp; Robertson|page=226|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=fcgLAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;dq=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwic34uZ9-HNAhVH02MKHYmuBDwQ6AEIfDAQ
|passage=What '''cruelled''' him was that Imperial Hotel contract.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Sydney Morning Herald|date=1 April 2014|titleurl=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-news/scott-higginbotham-laments-loss-of-rebels-hugh-pyle-to-french-club-20140401-zqpea.html
|passage=He was on the fringes of Test selection last year before a shoulder injury '''cruelled''' his chances.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Age|date=8 September 2015|titleurl=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/port-of-melbourne-ships-may-soon-be-too-big-to-pass-under-west-gate-bridge-20150908-gjhkmc.html
|passage=A shortage of berth space for mega container ships will restrict capacity at Melbourne's port, '''cruelling''' Labor's attempts to get maximum value from its privatisation, a leading shipping expert has warned.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2025-05-01|author=Barrie Cassidy and Tony Barry|title=The Trump effect has left Dutton exposed and Albanese in poll position in this atypical election race|work=w:The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/01/the-trump-effect-left-dutton-exposed-and-albanese-in-poll-position-in-this-atypical-election-race-ntwnfb|text=The Trump effect has '''cruelled''' Peter Dutton’s campaign.}}
# {{lb|en|Australia|ambitransitive}} To violently provoke (a child) in the belief that this will make them more assertive.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=Stewart Motha|chapter=Reconciliation as Domination|editor=Scott Veitch|title=Law and the Politics of Reconciliation|publisher=Routledge|year_published=2016|page=83|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jeQGDAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
|passage=Violence is apparently introduced early by the practice of &quot;'''cruelling'''&quot;: children even in their first months are physically punished and then encouraged to seek retribution by punishing the punisher.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2009-07-02|author=Mark Colvin|site={{w|Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC}}|title=Peter Sutton discusses the politics of suffering in Aboriginal communities|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117005301/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|passage={{...}} I was referring to the area where you were talking about this practice of '''cruelling'''; the pinching of babies, sometimes so hard that their skin breaks and may go septic.}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{alt form|en|crewel}}.

====Further reading====
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=celru|lucre|ulcer}}

{{cln|en|1-syllable words}}

==Asturian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ast|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{ast-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{ast-adj-mf|pl=crueles}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}

====Related terms====
{{col|ast|crueldá|crudu}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ca|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|è}}&lt;!-- per GDLC, DNV, DCVB --&gt;
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-cruel.wav|a=Barcelona}}

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj|mf}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ca|cruelment}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|crueltat}}
* {{l|ca|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

==French==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|fr|fro|cruel}}, from {{inh|fr|la|crūdēlis}}; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form {{m|fro|crual}}, possibly from a {{inh|fr|la-vul|-}} form {{m|la|*crūdālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-cruel.ogg}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;Switzerland&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Valais&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Lyon&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{homophones|fr|cruels|cruelle|cruelles}}

===Adjective===
{{fr-adj}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}
# [[hard]], [[painful]]

====Synonyms====
* {{l|fr|féroce}}
* {{l|fr|pénible}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|cruellement}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|fr|cruauté}}
* {{l|fr|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|culer}}
* {{l|fr|recul}}

{{C|fr|Personality}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|gl|roa-opt|cruel}}, from {{inh|gl|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{gl-pr|+,cru.el}}
* {{hyph|gl|cru|el}}

===Adjective===
{{gl-adj}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|gl|cruelment}}

====Related terms====
{{col|gl|crueldade|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:gl:DRAG}}
* {{R:gl:Estraviz}}

==Middle English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|enm|kruell|cruele|cruwel|crewel|cruell|cruwelle|crewelle|cruelle|crowell}}

===Etymology===
From {{bor|enm|fro|crual}}, from {{der|enm|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|enm|/kriu̯ˈɛːl/|/ˈkriu̯ɛl/|/ˈkriu̯əl/}}

===Adjective===
{{enm-adj}}

# Merciless, {{l|en|cruel}}; [[revelling]] in another's pain.
# [[deleterious|Deleterious]], injurious; conducive to suffering.
# Unbearable, saddening, terrifying.
# Strict, [[unforgiving]], [[mean]]; not nice.
# Savage, vicious, dangerous; displaying ferocity.
# Bold, valiant, heroic {{gloss|in war}}
# {{lb|enm|rare}} Sharp, acrid, bitter-tasting.

====Derived terms====
* {{l|enm|cruelheed}}
* {{l|enm|cruelly}}
* {{l|enm|cruelnesse}}
* {{l|enm|cruelte}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|cruel}}
* {{desc|sco|cruel}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=crūē̆l |pos=adj|id=MED9054|accessdate=2018-09-12}}

{{C|enm|Emotions|War}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|pt|roa-opt|cruel}}, from {{inh|pt|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA|[el:él]}}
* {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-MedK1-cruel.wav|a=&lt;&lt;Brazil&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Caipira&gt;&gt;)}}
* {{rhymes|pt|ɛl|q1=Portugal|ɛw|q2=Brazil|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pt|cru|el}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj}}

# {{lb|pt|of a person or creature}} {{l|en|cruel}} {{gloss|that intentionally causes or revels in pain and suffering}}
#: {{syn|pt|bárbaro}}
#: {{ux|pt|O algoz era conhecido por ser extremamente '''cruel'''.|The executioner was known for being extremely '''cruel'''.}}
# {{lb|pt|of a situation or occurrence}} {{l|en|cruel}}; [[harsh]]; [[severe]]
#: {{syn|pt|severo|terrível|pesado}}
#: {{ux|pt|Ele recebeu uma '''cruel''' mas merecida sentença.|He received a '''harsh''' but deserved sentenced.}}
# {{lb|pt|of a doubt or question}} [[distressful]]
#: {{syn|pt|terrível}}
#: {{ux|pt|Que dúvida '''cruel'''!|What a '''horrible''' doubt!}}
# {{lb|pt|of an occurrence}} [[bloody]]; [[violent]]
#: {{syn|pt|sangrento|cruento|sanguinolento}}
#: {{ux|pt|Foi uma batalha '''cruel'''.|It was a '''bloody''' battle.}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|pt|cruelmente}}

====Related terms====
{{col|pt|crueldade|cru}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pt:Aulete}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|es|osp|-}}, from {{inh|es|la|crūdēlis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|cruel}}
# [[mean]]
#: {{syn|es|malo}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|es|cruelmente}}

====Related terms====
{{col|es|crueldad|crudo}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}

{{C|es|Personality}}</text>
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      <text bytes="11138" sha1="ne8wpnnzhdk3tf6l17e29cdwhqoqonn" xml:space="preserve">==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|cruell||obsolete}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*krewh₂-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|cruel}}, borrowed from {{der|en|fro|cruel}}, from {{der|en|la|crūdēlis||hard, severe, cruel}}, akin to {{m|la|crūdus||raw, crude}}; see {{m|en|crude}}.

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။
#: {{syn|en|inhuman|sadistic|spiteful|Thesaurus:cruel}}
#: {{ant|en|merciful}}
#: {{ux|en|The supervisor was very '''cruel''' to Josh, as he would always give Josh the hardest, most degrading work he could find.}}
# [[harsh|Harsh]]; [[severe]].
#: {{syn|en|brutal|callous|strict|Thesaurus:stern}}
#: {{ux|en|We're certainly having quite a '''cruel''' winter this year.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1913|author={{w|Edgar Rice Burroughs}}|title={{w|The Return of Tarzan}}|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|year_published=1963|page=193|passage=The thought that something might befall him that would leave her entirely at the mercy of this beast caused him greater anxiety than the probability that almost certain death awaited her should she be left entirely alone upon the outskirts of the '''cruel''' forest.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1951|author=w:C. S. Lewis|title={{w|Prince Caspian|Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia}}
|passage=You may be sure they watched the cliffs on their left eagerly for any sign of a break or any place where they could climb them; but those cliffs remained '''cruel'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2013|author=w:Ranulph Fiennes|title=Cold: Extreme Adventures at the Lowest Temperatures on Earth
|passage=He was physically the toughest of us and wore five layers of polar clothing, but the cold was '''cruel''' and wore us down hour after hour.}}
# {{lb|en|slang}} [[cool|Cool]]; [[awesome]]; [[neat]].

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|cruelize|over-cruel|uncruel
|be cruel to be kind|cruel-hearted|cruel mistress|cruelly|cruelness|cruelsome|goodbye, cruel world|overcruel}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col|en|crude|cruelty}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|that intentionally causes pain and suffering}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|wreedaardig}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|mizor}}
* Arabic: {{qualifier|indefinite}} {{t|ar|قَاسٍ}}, {{qualifier|definite}} {{t|ar|وَاسِي|alt=الْقَاسِي}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դաժան}}, {{t+|hy|անգութ}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|cruel}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qəddar}}, {{t+|az|amansız}}, {{t+|az|zalım}}, {{t+|az|vəhşi}}, {{t+|az|mərhəmətsiz}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|жо́рсткі}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|жесто́к}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cruel}}
* Chinese:
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|橫逆|tr=hêng-ge̍k}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|殘忍}}, {{t+|cmn|殘酷}}, {{t+|cmn|狠心|tr=hěnxīn}}
* Comorian:
*: Ngazidja Comorian: {{t|zdj|-[[i]]}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|krutý|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|grusom}}, {{t+|da|rå}}, {{t|da|umenneskelig}}, {{t|da|grum}}, {{t|da|styg}}, {{t+|da|ond}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|wreed}}, {{t+|nl|wrede}}, {{t+|nl|gemeen}}, {{t+|nl|gemene}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kruela}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|julm}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|grimmur}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|julma}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cruel}}
* Frisian:
*: West Frisian: {{t|fy|wreed}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|crudêl}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|cruel}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|სასტიკი}}, {{t|ka|ულმობელი}}
* German: {{t+|de|grausam}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σκληρός}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אַכְזָרִי|m|tr=akhzarí}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|निर्दयी}}, {{t|hi|क्रूर}}, {{t|hi|ज़ालिम}}, {{t+|hi|उग्र}}, {{t+|hi|अत्याचारी}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kegyetlen}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|grimmur|m}}, {{t+|is|vondur|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kejam}}, {{t+|id|tega}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|cruel}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ainiochtach}}, {{t|ga|cruálach}}, {{t|ga|danartha}}, {{t|ga|daordhálach}}, {{t|ga|neamhdhuineata}}, {{t|ga|turcánta}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|crudele}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|残酷|tr=ざんこく, zankoku}}, {{t+|ja|酷い|tr=ひどい, hidoi}}, {{t+|ja|惨い|tr=むごい, mugoi}}, {{t+|ja|残忍|tr=ざんにん, zannin}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|қатал}}, {{t|kk|мейірімсіз}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|잔혹하다}}, {{t+|ko|잔인하다}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|zalim}}, {{t+|kmr|bêrehm}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|катаал}}, {{t+|ky|ырайымсыз}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|kruel}}, {{t|lad|imansiz}}, {{t|lad|ahzar}}
* Latin: {{t|la|crūdēlis}}, {{t|la|saevus}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|nežēlīgs}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|žiaurus}}, {{t|lt|negailestingas}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|kejam}}, {{t+|ms|zalim}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ക്രൂരം}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|whakawiriwiri}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|cruel}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|хэрцгий}}
* Neapolitan: {{t|nap|malo}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|grusom}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|crudèl}}, {{t|oc|cruèl}}, {{t|oc|crusèl}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|wælhrēow}}
* Papiamentu: {{t|pap|kruel}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ظالِم|tr=zâlem}}, {{t+|fa|بی رَحْم|tr=bi rahm}}, {{t+|fa|ظالِمانِه|tr=zâlemâne}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|grausom}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|okrutny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cruel}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|crud}}, {{t+|ro|crunt}}, {{t+|ro|cumplit}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|жесто́кий}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|क्रूर}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|borb}}, {{t|gd|garg}}, {{t|gd|cruadalach}}, {{t|gd|neo-iochdmhor}}, {{t|gd|neo-thruacanta}}, {{t|gd|mì-chneasta}}, {{t|gd|brùideil}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|не̏човјечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t|sh|не̏човечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t|sh|о̏крӯтан|m}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|nȅčovječan}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t+|sh|nȅčovečan}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t+|sh|ȍkrūtan|m}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|crudili}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|krutý}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|krut}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cruel}}, {{t+|es|cruento}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|dhalimu}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|grym}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|malupit}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|бераҳм}}, {{t|tg|золим}}, {{t+|tg|бераҳмона}}, {{t|tg|золимона}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|рәхимсез}}
* Tày: {{t|tyz|ác}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|క్రూరమైన}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|โหด}}, {{t+|th|ทารุณ}}, {{t+|th|โหดร้าย}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|zalim}}, {{t+|tr|acımasız}}, {{t+|tr|vahşi}}, {{t+|tr|merhametsiz}}
*: Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|دینسز|tr=dinsiz}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|rehimsiz}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|жорсто́кий}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|ظالِم}}, {{t|ur|نِرْدَیِی}}, {{t|ur|ظالِمانَہ}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|رەھىمسىز}}, {{t|ug|بىرەھىم}}, {{t|ug|ۋەھشىي}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|shafqatsiz}}, {{t+|uz|berahm}}, {{t+|uz|zolim}}, {{t+|uz|rahmsiz}}, {{t+|uz|vahshiy}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|độc ác}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|creulon}}
* Woiwurrung: {{t|wyi|nilimjak-koorring}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|גרויזאַם}}, {{t|yi|אכזריותדיק|tr=akhzóryesdik}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adverb====
{{en-adv|-}}

# {{lb|en|nonstandard}} To a great degree; terribly.
#* {{RQ:Doyle Poison Belt|passage=&quot;But I've served 'im ten years, and I'm fond of 'im, and, mind you, 'e's a great man, when all's said an' done, and it's an honor to serve 'im. But 'e does try one '''cruel''' at times.&quot;}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Kerry Greenwood|title=Murder and Mendelssohn|location=Sydney|publisher=Allen and Unwin|year=2016|page=219|passage='I've never got arthritis, though my old dad had it something '''cruel'''.'}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb|+l}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|Australia|New Zealand}} To [[spoil]] or [[ruin]] (one's chance of success)
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1937|author=Vance Palmer|title=Legend for Sanderson|location=Sydney|publisher=Angus &amp; Robertson|page=226|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=fcgLAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;dq=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwic34uZ9-HNAhVH02MKHYmuBDwQ6AEIfDAQ
|passage=What '''cruelled''' him was that Imperial Hotel contract.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Sydney Morning Herald|date=1 April 2014|titleurl=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-news/scott-higginbotham-laments-loss-of-rebels-hugh-pyle-to-french-club-20140401-zqpea.html
|passage=He was on the fringes of Test selection last year before a shoulder injury '''cruelled''' his chances.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Age|date=8 September 2015|titleurl=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/port-of-melbourne-ships-may-soon-be-too-big-to-pass-under-west-gate-bridge-20150908-gjhkmc.html
|passage=A shortage of berth space for mega container ships will restrict capacity at Melbourne's port, '''cruelling''' Labor's attempts to get maximum value from its privatisation, a leading shipping expert has warned.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2025-05-01|author=Barrie Cassidy and Tony Barry|title=The Trump effect has left Dutton exposed and Albanese in poll position in this atypical election race|work=w:The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/01/the-trump-effect-left-dutton-exposed-and-albanese-in-poll-position-in-this-atypical-election-race-ntwnfb|text=The Trump effect has '''cruelled''' Peter Dutton’s campaign.}}
# {{lb|en|Australia|ambitransitive}} To violently provoke (a child) in the belief that this will make them more assertive.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=Stewart Motha|chapter=Reconciliation as Domination|editor=Scott Veitch|title=Law and the Politics of Reconciliation|publisher=Routledge|year_published=2016|page=83|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jeQGDAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
|passage=Violence is apparently introduced early by the practice of &quot;'''cruelling'''&quot;: children even in their first months are physically punished and then encouraged to seek retribution by punishing the punisher.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2009-07-02|author=Mark Colvin|site={{w|Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC}}|title=Peter Sutton discusses the politics of suffering in Aboriginal communities|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117005301/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|passage={{...}} I was referring to the area where you were talking about this practice of '''cruelling'''; the pinching of babies, sometimes so hard that their skin breaks and may go septic.}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{alt form|en|crewel}}.

====Further reading====
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=celru|lucre|ulcer}}

{{cln|en|1-syllable words}}</text>
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===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|cruell||obsolete}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|cruelize|over-cruel|uncruel
|be cruel to be kind|cruel-hearted|cruel mistress|cruelly|cruelness|cruelsome|goodbye, cruel world|overcruel}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col|en|crude|cruelty}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|that intentionally causes pain and suffering}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|wreedaardig}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|mizor}}
* Arabic: {{qualifier|indefinite}} {{t|ar|قَاسٍ}}, {{qualifier|definite}} {{t|ar|وَاسِي|alt=الْقَاسِي}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դաժան}}, {{t+|hy|անգութ}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|cruel}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qəddar}}, {{t+|az|amansız}}, {{t+|az|zalım}}, {{t+|az|vəhşi}}, {{t+|az|mərhəmətsiz}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|жо́рсткі}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|жесто́к}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cruel}}
* Chinese:
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|橫逆|tr=hêng-ge̍k}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|殘忍}}, {{t+|cmn|殘酷}}, {{t+|cmn|狠心|tr=hěnxīn}}
* Comorian:
*: Ngazidja Comorian: {{t|zdj|-[[i]]}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|krutý|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|grusom}}, {{t+|da|rå}}, {{t|da|umenneskelig}}, {{t|da|grum}}, {{t|da|styg}}, {{t+|da|ond}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|wreed}}, {{t+|nl|wrede}}, {{t+|nl|gemeen}}, {{t+|nl|gemene}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kruela}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|julm}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|grimmur}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|julma}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cruel}}
* Frisian:
*: West Frisian: {{t|fy|wreed}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|crudêl}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|cruel}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|სასტიკი}}, {{t|ka|ულმობელი}}
* German: {{t+|de|grausam}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σκληρός}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אַכְזָרִי|m|tr=akhzarí}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|निर्दयी}}, {{t|hi|क्रूर}}, {{t|hi|ज़ालिम}}, {{t+|hi|उग्र}}, {{t+|hi|अत्याचारी}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kegyetlen}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|grimmur|m}}, {{t+|is|vondur|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kejam}}, {{t+|id|tega}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|cruel}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ainiochtach}}, {{t|ga|cruálach}}, {{t|ga|danartha}}, {{t|ga|daordhálach}}, {{t|ga|neamhdhuineata}}, {{t|ga|turcánta}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|crudele}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|残酷|tr=ざんこく, zankoku}}, {{t+|ja|酷い|tr=ひどい, hidoi}}, {{t+|ja|惨い|tr=むごい, mugoi}}, {{t+|ja|残忍|tr=ざんにん, zannin}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|қатал}}, {{t|kk|мейірімсіз}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|잔혹하다}}, {{t+|ko|잔인하다}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|zalim}}, {{t+|kmr|bêrehm}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|катаал}}, {{t+|ky|ырайымсыз}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|kruel}}, {{t|lad|imansiz}}, {{t|lad|ahzar}}
* Latin: {{t|la|crūdēlis}}, {{t|la|saevus}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|nežēlīgs}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|žiaurus}}, {{t|lt|negailestingas}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|kejam}}, {{t+|ms|zalim}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ക്രൂരം}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|whakawiriwiri}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|cruel}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|хэрцгий}}
* Neapolitan: {{t|nap|malo}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|grusom}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|crudèl}}, {{t|oc|cruèl}}, {{t|oc|crusèl}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|wælhrēow}}
* Papiamentu: {{t|pap|kruel}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ظالِم|tr=zâlem}}, {{t+|fa|بی رَحْم|tr=bi rahm}}, {{t+|fa|ظالِمانِه|tr=zâlemâne}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|grausom}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|okrutny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cruel}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|crud}}, {{t+|ro|crunt}}, {{t+|ro|cumplit}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|жесто́кий}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|क्रूर}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|borb}}, {{t|gd|garg}}, {{t|gd|cruadalach}}, {{t|gd|neo-iochdmhor}}, {{t|gd|neo-thruacanta}}, {{t|gd|mì-chneasta}}, {{t|gd|brùideil}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|не̏човјечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t|sh|не̏човечан}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t|sh|о̏крӯтан|m}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|nȅčovječan}} {{qualifier|[[Ijekavian]]}}, {{t+|sh|nȅčovečan}} {{qualifier|[[Ekavian]]}}; {{t+|sh|ȍkrūtan|m}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|crudili}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|krutý}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|krut}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cruel}}, {{t+|es|cruento}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|dhalimu}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|grym}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|malupit}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|бераҳм}}, {{t|tg|золим}}, {{t+|tg|бераҳмона}}, {{t|tg|золимона}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|рәхимсез}}
* Tày: {{t|tyz|ác}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|క్రూరమైన}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|โหด}}, {{t+|th|ทารุณ}}, {{t+|th|โหดร้าย}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|zalim}}, {{t+|tr|acımasız}}, {{t+|tr|vahşi}}, {{t+|tr|merhametsiz}}
*: Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|دینسز|tr=dinsiz}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|rehimsiz}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|жорсто́кий}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|ظالِم}}, {{t|ur|نِرْدَیِی}}, {{t|ur|ظالِمانَہ}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|رەھىمسىز}}, {{t|ug|بىرەھىم}}, {{t|ug|ۋەھشىي}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|shafqatsiz}}, {{t+|uz|berahm}}, {{t+|uz|zolim}}, {{t+|uz|rahmsiz}}, {{t+|uz|vahshiy}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|độc ác}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|creulon}}
* Woiwurrung: {{t|wyi|nilimjak-koorring}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|גרויזאַם}}, {{t|yi|אכזריותדיק|tr=akhzóryesdik}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adverb====
{{en-adv|-}}

# {{lb|en|nonstandard}} To a great degree; terribly.
#* {{RQ:Doyle Poison Belt|passage=&quot;But I've served 'im ten years, and I'm fond of 'im, and, mind you, 'e's a great man, when all's said an' done, and it's an honor to serve 'im. But 'e does try one '''cruel''' at times.&quot;}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Kerry Greenwood|title=Murder and Mendelssohn|location=Sydney|publisher=Allen and Unwin|year=2016|page=219|passage='I've never got arthritis, though my old dad had it something '''cruel'''.'}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb|+l}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|Australia|New Zealand}} To [[spoil]] or [[ruin]] (one's chance of success)
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1937|author=Vance Palmer|title=Legend for Sanderson|location=Sydney|publisher=Angus &amp; Robertson|page=226|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=fcgLAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;dq=%22cruelling%22+OR+%22cruelled%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwic34uZ9-HNAhVH02MKHYmuBDwQ6AEIfDAQ
|passage=What '''cruelled''' him was that Imperial Hotel contract.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Sydney Morning Herald|date=1 April 2014|titleurl=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-news/scott-higginbotham-laments-loss-of-rebels-hugh-pyle-to-french-club-20140401-zqpea.html
|passage=He was on the fringes of Test selection last year before a shoulder injury '''cruelled''' his chances.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=w:The Age|date=8 September 2015|titleurl=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/port-of-melbourne-ships-may-soon-be-too-big-to-pass-under-west-gate-bridge-20150908-gjhkmc.html
|passage=A shortage of berth space for mega container ships will restrict capacity at Melbourne's port, '''cruelling''' Labor's attempts to get maximum value from its privatisation, a leading shipping expert has warned.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2025-05-01|author=Barrie Cassidy and Tony Barry|title=The Trump effect has left Dutton exposed and Albanese in poll position in this atypical election race|work=w:The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/01/the-trump-effect-left-dutton-exposed-and-albanese-in-poll-position-in-this-atypical-election-race-ntwnfb|text=The Trump effect has '''cruelled''' Peter Dutton’s campaign.}}
# {{lb|en|Australia|ambitransitive}} To violently provoke (a child) in the belief that this will make them more assertive.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=Stewart Motha|chapter=Reconciliation as Domination|editor=Scott Veitch|title=Law and the Politics of Reconciliation|publisher=Routledge|year_published=2016|page=83|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jeQGDAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
|passage=Violence is apparently introduced early by the practice of &quot;'''cruelling'''&quot;: children even in their first months are physically punished and then encouraged to seek retribution by punishing the punisher.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2009-07-02|author=Mark Colvin|site={{w|Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC}}|title=Peter Sutton discusses the politics of suffering in Aboriginal communities|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117005301/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2615274.htm|passage={{...}} I was referring to the area where you were talking about this practice of '''cruelling'''; the pinching of babies, sometimes so hard that their skin breaks and may go septic.}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{alt form|en|crewel}}.

====Further reading====
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=celru|lucre|ulcer}}

{{cln|en|1-syllable words}}</text>
      <sha1>d92udcxgg9dapkzy22ccagmxjt2u3d9</sha1>
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      <text bytes="1566" sha1="qhc7yj2plzenbvt0z6ahdv6yt7apuls" xml:space="preserve">==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|cruelize|over-cruel|uncruel
|be cruel to be kind|cruel-hearted|cruel mistress|cruelly|cruelness|cruelsome|goodbye, cruel world|overcruel}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col|en|crude|cruelty}}

====Adverb====
{{en-adv|-}}

# {{lb|en|nonstandard}} To a great degree; terribly.
#* {{RQ:Doyle Poison Belt|passage=&quot;But I've served 'im ten years, and I'm fond of 'im, and, mind you, 'e's a great man, when all's said an' done, and it's an honor to serve 'im. But 'e does try one '''cruel''' at times.&quot;}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Kerry Greenwood|title=Murder and Mendelssohn|location=Sydney|publisher=Allen and Unwin|year=2016|page=219|passage='I've never got arthritis, though my old dad had it something '''cruel'''.'}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb|+l}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|Australia|New Zealand}} To [[spoil]] or [[ruin]] (one's chance of success)
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=celru|lucre|ulcer}}</text>
      <sha1>qhc7yj2plzenbvt0z6ahdv6yt7apuls</sha1>
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      <text bytes="1101" sha1="8iha6anky9jquy8v6en1ucr2pblgqxl" xml:space="preserve">==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

=====Related terms=====
{{col|en|crude|cruelty}}

====Adverb====
{{en-adv|-}}

# တေႃႇထိုင်ၸၼ်ႉယႂ်ႇ၊ လီၵူဝ်။

====Verb====
{{en-verb|+l}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|Australia|New Zealand}} တႃႇတေယႃႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တႃႇတေယႃႉ (တိုဝ်ႉတၢင်း တႃႇဢွင်ႇမၢၼ် ၵေႃႉၼိုင်ႈ)
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=celru|lucre|ulcer}}</text>
      <sha1>8iha6anky9jquy8v6en1ucr2pblgqxl</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <text bytes="1169" sha1="52oseewhvhcdbiosu9ypwfca554c4g4" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

===ၵိရိယႃႇ===
{{en-adv|-}}

# တေႃႇထိုင်ၸၼ်ႉယႂ်ႇ၊ လီၵူဝ်။

===ၵိရိယႃႇ===
{{en-verb|+l}}

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}


# {{lb|en|chiefly|Australia|New Zealand}} တႃႇတေယႃႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တႃႇတေယႃႉ (တိုဝ်ႉတၢင်း တႃႇဢွင်ႇမၢၼ် ၵေႃႉၼိုင်ႈ)
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=celru|lucre|ulcer}}</text>
      <sha1>52oseewhvhcdbiosu9ypwfca554c4g4</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <text bytes="896" sha1="5w5i0gz6agkvesos8ymbv1z5j5k8m9e" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

===ၵိရိယႃႇ===
{{en-adv|-}}

# တေႃႇထိုင်ၸၼ်ႉယႂ်ႇ၊ လီၵူဝ်။

===ၵိရိယႃႇ===
{{en-verb|+l}}

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
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      <text bytes="902" sha1="2gbw4c3hf5oz0ynkcjhl5ukup0lggr0" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

===ၵမ်ႉသၢၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adv|-}}

# တေႃႇထိုင်ၸၼ်ႉယႂ်ႇ၊ လီၵူဝ်။

===ၵိရိယႃႇ===
{{en-verb|+l}}

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
      <sha1>2gbw4c3hf5oz0ynkcjhl5ukup0lggr0</sha1>
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===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

===ၵမ်ႉသၢၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adv|-}}

# တေႃႇထိုင်ၸၼ်ႉယႂ်ႇ၊ လီၵူဝ်။

===ၵိရိယႃႇ===
{{en-verb|+l}}

တႃႇတေယႃႉလူႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တႃႇတေယႃႉလူႉ (ၶူဝ်းၶွင်) ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တႃႇတေႁဵတ်းသၢင်ႈ ႁႂ်ႈပေႉၵိၼ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ႁႂ်ႈတူၵ်းၸႂ်။

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
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      <text bytes="1189" sha1="0vgqpgsc1895sm4jye1ys2zfwm27g5o" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{enPR|kro͞oəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹuːəl/|q2=also|/kɹuːl/|/kɹʊəl/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʉul/|a=IE}}
*** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɹʲuːl/|a=Dublin}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-cruel.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cruel.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːəl|uːl|ʊəl|s2=1|s1=2}}
* {{hyph|en|cru|el}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|crueler,crueller,more}}

# တင်ႈၸႂ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မူၼ်ႈသိူဝ်းၸွမ်း လွင်ႈၸဵပ်းသႅပ်ႇ၊ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်ၵရုၼႃႇ ဢမ်ႇမီးၸႂ်။

===ၵမ်ႉသၢၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adv|-}}

# တေႃႇထိုင်ၸၼ်ႉယႂ်ႇ၊ လီၵူဝ်။

===ၵိရိယႃႇ===
{{en-verb|+l}}

# တႃႇတေယႃႉလူႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တႃႇတေယႃႉလူႉ (ၶူဝ်းၶွင်) ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တႃႇတေႁဵတ်းသၢင်ႈ ႁႂ်ႈပေႉၵိၼ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ႁႂ်ႈတူၵ်းၸႂ်။

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
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    <title>corona</title>
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      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;{{also|Corona|coroná|coronà}} ==English== {{was wotd|2021|March|15}}  ===Pronunciation=== {{multiple images |direction = vertical |image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg |caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}). |image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg |caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architectu...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="59029" sha1="ebyajfpe00xpqj0k4xegttggpv2jbgf" xml:space="preserve">{{also|Corona|coroná|coronà}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2021|March|15}}

===Pronunciation===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg
|caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}).
|image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg
|caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architecture}}) of a [[cornice]].
|image3 = Solar eclipse 1999 4 NR.jpg
|caption3 = The [[Sun]]'s corona ({{senseno|en|Sun atmosphere}}) and [[prominence]]s during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
|image4 = Artemis Corona.jpg
|caption4 = Artemis, the largest corona ({{senseno|en|astrogeological feature}}) [[identify|identified]] on the [[surface#Noun|surface]] of [[Venus]].
|image5 = A Perfect Pair Daffodills (Narcissus) - 8.jpg
|caption5 = ''[[Narcissus]]'' [[flower#Noun|flowers]] with an [[outer]] [[white#Adjective|white]] [[corolla]] and a [[central]] [[yellow#Adjective|yellow]] corona ({{senseno|en|botany}}).
|image6 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
|caption6 = An [[illustration]] of the [[morphology]] of a [[coronavirus]], with its corona ({{senseno|en|virology}}) [[form#Verb|formed]] by surface [[projection]]s ''(red)''.
|image7 = Lunarcorona.jpg
|caption7 = A [[lunar]] corona ({{senseno|en|meteorology}}) as seen from [[Minnesota]], [[United States]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹəʊ.nə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-corona.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{enPR|kə-rō'nə|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹoʊ.nə/}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɵˈronɑ/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊnə|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|co|ro|na}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*(s)ker- (turn)}}
The {{glossary|noun}} is borrowed from {{bor|en|la|corōna|t=crown; garland, wreath}},&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|1}}|noformat=1|id=41771|date=March 2021|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|1}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt; from {{der|en|grc|κορώνη|t=type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to turn, bend}}. The English word is a {{doublet|en|crown|korona|koruna|krona|króna|krone|nocap=1}}.

The {{glossary|plural}} form {{m|en|coronae}} is borrowed from {{bor|en|la|corōnae}}.

The {{glossary|verb}} is derived from the noun.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|coronae|coronæ&lt;l:obsolete&gt;}}

# {{senseid|en|chandelier}} A [[large]], [[round#Adjective|round]], [[pendent#Adjective|pendent]] [[chandelier]], with [[spike#Noun|spikes]] around its [[upper#Adjective|upper]] [[rim#Noun|rim]] to [[hold#Verb|hold]] [[candle]]s or [[lamp]]s, usually [[hang#Verb|hung]] from the [[roof#Noun|roof]] of a [[church#Noun|church]].
#: {{synonyms|en|corona lucis}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Henry Parker|J[ohn] H[enry] Parker]]|title=Aix-la-Chapelle: A Letter from J. H. Parker, Esq.|editor=Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym]|journal=[[w:The Gentleman's Magazine|The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Review]]|location=London|publisher=John Henry and James Parker|month=February|year=1865|volume=XVIII (New Series; volume CCVIII overall)|page=133|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOUIAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA133|oclc=320982087|passage=The magnificent bronze '''corona''', or ''luminaria'', which still hangs in the central octagon, shews the skill of the workmen in bronze of that period.}}
# {{lb|en|anatomy}} An upper or [[crownlike]] [[portion#Noun|portion]] of certain [[part#Noun|parts]] of the [[body]].
## A [[region]] of the [[skull]] [[locate]]d along the [[coronal suture]], at the [[junction]] between the [[frontal bone]] and the [[two]] [[parietal bone]]s.
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:John Thurnam|title=XXII.—On Synostosis of the Cranial Bones, Especially the Parietals, Regarded as a Race-character in One Class of Ancient British and in African Skulls|editors=[[w:George Busk|G[eorge] Busk]]; et al.|journal=[[w:Natural History Review|The Natural History Review: A Quarterly Journal of Biological Science]]|location=London; Edinburgh|publisher={{w|Williams and Norgate}},{{nb...|14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London; and 20, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh.}}|month=September|year=1863|year_published=April 1865|issue=XVIII|page=265|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yq1JAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA265|oclc=490122528|passage=Is it probable that this depression has arisen from the distorting effect of some form of head dress, similar perhaps to that which is still applied to the heads of infants in various parts of France, as described by Drs. Foville and Lunier? This consists of a neckerchief passed twice round the head from the '''corona''' either to the back of the neck, when the resulting deformity (which is that of the Charlcombe skull) is designated ''annular'' by Dr. Gosse; or is carried under the chin and jaw, when it is termed ''bilobed'' by the same writer.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Eric S. Hsu; Charles Argoff; Katherine E. Galluzzi; Raphael J. Leo; Andrew Dubin|chapter=Head Pain: Trigeminal Neuralgia|title=Problem-Based Pain Management|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2013|section=section 2 (Head Pain)|page=27|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=lejMAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA27|isbn=978-1-107-60610-4|passage=The ophthalmic division supplies sensation from the eyebrows to the coronal suture. The sensory innervation stops at the '''corona''', not at the hairline, and this fact may help one to differentiate a true abnormality from a factitious one, since people who are “faking” sensory loss more often lose sensation at the hairline.}}
## {{senseid|en|supragingival}} The [[external#Adjective|external]] ([[supragingival]]) portion of the [[tooth]], covered by [[enamel]]; the [[crown#Noun|crown]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Fred. Blumenbach [''i.e.'', {{w|Johann Friedrich Blumenbach}}]|chapter=Sect. III. Of the Solids in General, and of the Mucous Web in Particular.|translator=w:John Elliotson|title=The Institutions of Physiology{{nb...|[...] Translated from the Latin of the Third and Last Edition, and Supplied with Numerous and Extensive Notes, by John Elliotson, M.D.}}|edition=2nd|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} Bensley and Son,{{nb...|Bolt Court, Fleet Street}}, for E. Cox and Son,{{nb...|St. Thomas’s-Street, Borough; sold also by A. Dickinson and Co. Edinburgh; and Hodges and M‘Carthur, Dublin.}}|year=1817|section=paragraph 17|page=12|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=LgIAAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA12|oclc=776474968|passage=The solids are derived from the fluids. In the first rudiments of the gelatinous embryo, they gradually commence in their respective situations, and differ infinitely in their degrees of cohesion, from the soft and almost pulpy medullary matter of the brain, to the vitreous substance of the '''corona''' of the teeth.}}
## The [[circumference]] of the [[base#Noun|base]] of the [[glans penis]] in [[human#Adjective|human]] [[male#Noun|males]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=C. H. Shutt|title=A New Simple Technique for Circumcision and Some Advantages Gained in Genito-urinary Work—a Practical Demonstration of the Technique|editor=Tho[ma]s A. Hopkins|journal=The Medical Fortnightly|location=St. Louis, Mo.|publisher=Fortnightly Press Co.|year=1907|page=233|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015070201853&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=245|column=1|oclc=427191769|passage=The first line of injection with a clean 1% solution of cocain, or 2% eucain is began, posterior to the ridge caused by the '''corona''', on the dorsum.}}
##: {{syn|en|corona glandis penis|corona glandis&lt;q:by ellipsis&gt;}}
# {{senseid|en|architecture}} {{lb|en|architectural element}} The large, [[flat#Adjective|flat]], [[projecting#Adjective|projecting]] [[member]] of a [[cornice]] which [[crown#Verb|crowns]] the [[entablature]], [[situate#Verb|situated]] above the [[bed moulding]] and below the [[cymatium]].
#: {{synonyms|en|drip|larmier}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia|author=Frank Cousins; Phil M. Riley|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|year=1920|passage=The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and '''corona''' of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=John Milnes Baker|chapter=Georgian 1715–1780|title=American House Styles: A Concise Guide|location=|publisher=The Countryman Press, [[w:W. W. Norton &amp; Company|W[illiam] W[arder] Norton &amp; Company]]|year=2018|page=39|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM5kDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT70|isbn=978-1-68268-225-8|passage=Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal '''corona'''.}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}}
## {{senseid|en|Sun atmosphere}} The [[luminous]] [[plasma]] [[atmosphere]] of the [[Sun]] (the [[solar corona]]) or other [[star#Noun|star]], [[extend]]ing [[million]]s of [[kilometre]]s into [[space#Noun|space]], most easily [[see#Verb|seen]] during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Martin Schaeberle|J[ohn] M[artin] Schaeberle]]|title=A Mechanical Theory of the Solar Corona|journal=w:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|location=London|publisher={{w|Royal Astronomical Society}},{{nb...|Burlington House, W.}}|date=11 April 1890|volume=I|issue=6|page=372|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEI0AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372|issn=0035-8711|oclc=1167797923|passage=My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical '''corona''' is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Leon Golub; [[w:Jay Pasachoff|Jay M[yron] Pasachoff]]|chapter=Introduction|title=The Solar Corona|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2010|page=1|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaRH1ZxEWu4C&amp;pg=PA1|isbn=978-0-521-88201-9|passage=The '''corona''' is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space.}}
## {{senseid|en|astrogeological feature}} {{lb|en|also|geology}} An [[oval#Noun|oval]]-[[shaped#Adjective|shaped]] [[astrogeological]] [[feature#Noun|feature]], [[present#Adjective|present]] on both the [[planet]] [[Venus]] and [[Uranus]]'s moon [[Miranda]], probably [[form#Verb|formed]] by [[upwelling#Noun|upwellings]] of [[warm#Adjective|warm]] [[material#Noun|material]] [[below]] the [[surface#Noun|surface]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Gunter Faure; Teresa M. Mensing|chapter=Uranus: What Happened Here?|title=Introduction to Planetary Science: The Geological Perspective|location=Dordrecht|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2007|page=379|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4FZp6f6q6MC&amp;pg=PA379|column=1|isbn=978-1-4020-5233-0|passage=The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the '''coronas''' suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago{{nb...}}.}}
# {{lb|en|by extension}} Any luminous or crownlike ring around an [[object#Noun|object]] or [[person]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Philip Caputo|title=Horn of Africa|edition=1st Vintage Contemporaries|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|year=1980|year_published=February 2002|page=446|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_D9-4Wei4C&amp;pg=PA446|isbn=978-0-375-72511-1|passage=It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. {{...}} His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a '''corona''' of flaming debris.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lauren Wilcox|title=Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing|magazine=[[w:Oxford American|Oxford American: A Magazine of the South]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155040/https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/194-dale-hawkins|archivedate=27 October 2020|series=Southern Music Issue|seriesvolume=7|location=Oxford, Miss.|publisher=Oxford American|month=summer|year=2005|issue=50|pages=16–20|issn=1074-4525|oclc=833804612|passage=[[w:Dale Hawkins|[Dale] Hawkins]] is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a '''corona''' of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rawles Marie Lumumba|chapter=4|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=orGABwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|title=Duskfall|series=Nightshade|seriesvolume=book 1|location=&amp;#91;{{glossary|s.l.}}&amp;#93;|publisher=Takaboo Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1-941492-00-0|passage=Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his '''corona''' glowing dimly.}}
# {{senseid|en|biology}} {{lb|en|biology}} Any [[appendage]] of an [[organism]] that [[resemble]]s a crown or corona ''(sense 4.1)''.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Patrick Blair (surgeon)|[Patrick] Blair]]|chapter=The ''Osteology'' of an ''Elephant'', with a Brief Account of Its Parts|mainauthor=Baddam|title=Memoirs of the Royal Society; Being a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions:{{nb...|Giving an Account of the Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Learned and Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World; from the First Institution of that Illustrious Society in the Year 1665, to the Year of Our Lord 1735 Inclusive. The Whole Carefully Abridg’d from the Originals, and the Order of Time Regularly Observ’d, with a Translation of the Latin Tracts, and the Theoretical Parts Apply’d to Practical Uses; also an Explanation of the Terms of Art as They Occur in the Course of the Work. Being a Work of General Use to the Publick and Worthy the Perusal of All Mathematicians, Artificers, Tradesmen, &amp;c. for Their Improvement, in Various Branches of Business. [...] Illustrated with a Great Variety of Copper Plates.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} G. Smith,{{nb...|in Stanhope-street, near Clare-market}}, and sold by T[homas] Cooper,{{nb...|at the Globe in Pater-noster Row}}; and W[alter] Shropshire,{{nb...|in Old Bond-street.}}|year=1740|volume=V|pages=317 and 318|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317|oclc=960076972|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317 page 317]&amp;#93; The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; ''viz.'' two ''Condyles''{{nb...}}, two proceſſes of the '''''Corona'''''{{nb...}}, and one proceſs of the chin {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA318 page 318]&amp;#93; [T]his ''Sinus'' deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth{{nb...}}; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the '''''Coronæ''''' backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; {{...}}}}
## {{senseid|en|botany}} {{lb|en|botany}} A [[ring#Noun|ring]] or [[set#Noun|set]] of appendages of [[adaxial]] [[tissue]] [[arise|arising]] from the [[corolla]] or the [[outer]] [[edge#Noun|edge]] of the [[stamen]]s, present in some [[plant#Noun|plants]] (''[[Narcissus]]'', {{taxfmt|Passiflora|genus}}, etc.); a [[paraperigonium]] or [[paracorolla]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Don|title=A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants,{{nb...|Comprising Complete Descriptions of the Different Orders; together with the Characters of the Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Cultivated Varieties; Their Places of Growth, Time of Flowering, Mode of Culture, and Uses in Medicine and Domestic Economy; the Scientific Names Accentuated, Their Etymologies Explained, and the Classes and Orders Illustrated by Engravings, and Preceded by Introductions to the Linnæan and Natural Systems, and a Glossary of the Terms Used: The Whole Arranged according to the Natural System. [...] In Four Volumes.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} [Gilbert &amp; Rivington] for [[w:Rivington (publishers)|J. G. and F. Rivington]];{{nb...|J. and W. T. Clarke; Longman and Co.; T. Cadell; J. Richardson; Jeffery and Son; Baldwin and Cradock; J. Booker; J. Booth; Harvey and Darton; S. Bagster; Sherwood and Co.; Harding and Lepard; J. F. Setchel; Whittaker and Co.; Simpkin and Marshall; and E. Hodgson.}}|year=1838|volume=IV (Corollifloræ)|page=122|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/generalsystemofg04dong/page/122/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=|passage=''Pentándria'', ''Digynia''. All as in ''Stapèlia''; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer '''corona''' of the corolla lacerately multifid.}}
## {{lb|en|zoology}}
### An [[annular]] [[ciliated]] [[organ]] on the [[head#Noun|head]] of [[rotifer]]s, [[use#Verb|used]] for [[locomotion]] and [[sweep#Verb|sweeping]] [[food]] into the [[mouth#Noun|mouth]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert McNeill Alexander|R[obert] McNeill Alexander]]|chapter=Rotifers|title=The Invertebrates|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=1979|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYI4AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA230|isbn=978-0-521-22120-7|passage=It [''Epiphanes''] has a ciliated '''corona''' at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the '''corona''' are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them.}}
### The [[main#Adjective|main]] body of the [[test#Noun|test]] of an [[echinoid]], [[consist]]ing of [[ambulacral]] and [[interambulacral]] [[area]]s.
###* {{quote-book|en|author=D. K. Richter; R. Sedat|chapter=Brackish-water Oncoids Composed of Blue-green and Red Algae from a Pleistocene Terrace near Corinth, Greece|editor=Tadeusz M. Peryt|title=Coated Grains|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|year=1983|section=part IV (Oncoids)|page=306|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oXuCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA306|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0|isbn=978-3-642-68871-3|passage=In '''coronae''' of the sea urchin ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.10–0.13&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.03–0.05&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite{{nb...}}.}}
### The crown of a [[crinoid]], consisting of a [[cuplike]] [[central#Adjective|central]] body ([[theca]]) and a set of [[arm#Noun|arms]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Arthur Bather|F[rancis] A[rthur] Bather]]; J. W. Gregory; [[w:Edwin Stephen Goodrich|E[dwin] S[tephen] Goodrich]]|chapter=The Crinoidea|editor=[[w:Ray Lankester|E[dwin] Ray Lankester]]|title=A Treatise on Zoology|volume_plain=part III (The Echinoderma)|location=London|publisher=[[w:A &amp; C Black|Adam &amp; Charles Black]]|year=1900|page=99|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog03lank/page/99/mode/1up|oclc=1170291288|passage=A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” ('''''corona''''') attached by its dorsal (''i.e.'' aboral) extremity to a “stem” (''columna''), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (''radix'').}}
## {{senseid|en|virology}} {{lb|en|virology}} A [[fringe#Noun|fringe]] of large, [[bulbous]] surface projections on [[coronavirus]]es, formed by [[viral]] spike [[peplomer]]s, [[create|creating]] an [[appearance]] [[reminiscent]] of the [[solar corona]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence S. Sturman; Kenneth K. Takemoto|title=Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells|journal=w:Infection and Immunity|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322224059/https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2020|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=w:American Society for Microbiology|month=October|year=1972|volume=6|issue=4|page=501|pageurl=https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|column=1|issn=0019-9567|oclc=749232400|passage=Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a '''corona''' of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.}}
# {{lb|en|electricity}} A luminous appearance [[cause#Verb|caused]] by [[corona discharge]], often seen as a [[bluish]] [[glow#Noun|glow]] in the [[air#Noun|air]] [[adjacent]] to [[pointed#Adjective|pointed]] [[metal#Adjective|metal]] [[conductor]]s [[carry]]ing [[high#Adjective|high]] [[voltage]]s.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=U[lrich] Kogelschatz; Yu S. Akishev; A. P. Napartovich|chapter=History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges|editors=K. H. Becker; U[lrich] Kogelschatz; K. H. Schoenbach; R. J. Barker|title=Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure|series=Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics|location=Bristol; Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:IOP Publishing|Institute of Physics Publishing]]|year=2004|page=42|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_EVfZGi3z4C&amp;pg=PA42|isbn=978-0-7503-0962-2|passage=An appearance of a '''corona''' may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a '''corona''' arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, '''coronas''' are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.}}
# {{senseid|en|meteorology}} {{lb|en|meteorology}} A [[circle#Noun|circle]] or set of circles [[visible]] around a [[bright#Adjective|bright]] [[celestial object]], especially the Sun or the [[Moon]], [[attributable]] to an [[optical]] [[phenomenon]] [[produce#Verb|produced]] by the [[diffraction]] of its [[light#Noun|light]] by [[small]] [[water#Noun|water]] [[droplet]]s or [[tiny]] [[ice#Noun|ice]] [[crystal#Noun|crystals]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Walter Stanhope Sherwill|title=Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852|journal=[[w:The Asiatic Society|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]|location=Calcutta|publisher={{...|Printed by}} J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press|year=1854|year_published=1855|volume=XXIII|issue=LXV|pages=49 and 50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49|oclc=1047491870|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49 page 49]&amp;#93; Upon this true &quot;mackarel sky&quot; was depicted one of those glorious '''coronæ''', only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA50 page 50]&amp;#93; The '''corona''' was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the '''corona'''; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Elias Loomis|chapter=Optical Meteorology|title=A Treatise on Meteorology.{{nb...|With a Collection of Meteorological Tables.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Harper (publisher)|Harper &amp; Brothers]],{{nb...|publishers, 327 to 335 Pearl Street, Franklin Square.}}|year=1868|section=section IV (Coronæ)|pages=214 and 215|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215|oclc=839842645|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA214 page 214, paragraph 423]&amp;#93; The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called '''''coronæ'''''. {{...}} In order to examine '''coronæ''' about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215 page 215, paragraph 425]&amp;#93; '''Coronæ''' are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Alfred Grossmith Mason|chapter=14 September 1942|editor=Julie Grossmith Deltrice|title=Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Maritime, [[w:Pen and Sword Books|Pen &amp; Sword Books]]|year=2013|page=55|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVsBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA55|isbn=978-1-78303-037-8|passage=The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing '''corona''', her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.}}
# {{lb|en|mineralogy}} A [[mineral]] [[zone#Noun|zone]], consisting of one or more minerals, which [[surround#Verb|surrounds]] another mineral or [[lie#Verb|lies]] at the [[interface#Noun|interface]] of two minerals, typically in a [[radial]] [[arrangement]]; a [[reaction rim]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Theo Kloprogge; Robert Lavinsky|chapter=Introduction: Geological Examples|title=Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism|location=Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:Elsevier|year=2017|section=figure 1.45 caption|page=67|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CqlCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|isbn=978-0-12-803674-7|passage=Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite '''coronas''' in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in '''coronas''' in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.}}
# {{lb|en|pathology}} A [[manifestation]] of [[secondary]] [[syphilis]], consisting of [[papular]] [[lesion]]s along the [[hairline]], often [[border#Verb|bordering]] the [[scalp#Noun|scalp]] in the manner of a crown.
#: {{synonyms|en|corona veneris|crown of Venus}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Arbuthnot|[John Arbuthnot]]]|chapter=[The History of John Bull.] ''Jack’s'' Charms, or the Method by which He Gained ''Peg’s'' Heart.|title=The History of John Bull.{{nb...|And Poems on Several Occasions, by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miscellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. [Alexander] Pope.}}|location=London|publisher=D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson{{nb...|in the Strand.}}|year=[1750?]|section=part II|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=enVioemal1sC&amp;pg=PA60|oclc=723424047|passage=''Jack'' had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded ''Peg'' that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, ''Signiora Bubonia''. “As for his brother Lord ''Peter'', the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the '''corona'''.{{nb...}}”}}
# {{lb|en|Ancient Rome|historical}} A crown or [[garland#Noun|garland]] [[bestow]]ed among the [[Roman]]s as a [[reward#Noun|reward]] for [[distinguished#Adjective|distinguished]] [[service#Noun|services]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonhard Schmitz|chapter=grc:λημνίσκος&lt;t:LEMNISCUS&gt;|editor=[[w:William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &amp;#91;{{w|Samuel Bentley}}&amp;#93; for Taylor and Walton,{{nb...|28, Upper Gower Street.}}|year=1842|page=557|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1vVPbrHidAC&amp;pg=PA557|column=2|oclc=1051596824|passage=From the remark of Servius [''i.e.'', {{w|Maurus Servius Honoratus}}] (''ad Aen.'' v. 269) it appears that '''coronae''' adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence Keppie|title=Military Service in the Late Republic: The Evidence of Inscriptions and Sculpture|journal=Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies|location=Ryton, Tyne and Wear|publisher=M. C. Bishop|month=January|year=1997|volume=8|page=8|column=1|issn=0961-3684|oclc=715103087|passage=Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of '''coronae'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sara Pendergast; Tom Pendergast|editor=Sarah Hermsen|title=Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages|volume=1|location=Detroit, Mich.|publisher=UXL|year=2004|page=183|isbn=978-0-7876-5418-4|passage=Though men typically did not wear hats, they could wear a ceremonial form of headwear known as a '''corona''', or crown. Like many areas of Roman dress, there were strict rules about wearing '''coronas'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|coronal rain|coronasomnia|coronectomy|coronoapical|coronograph|coronule|corotron
|anticorona
|bicorona
|corona algebra
|corona conjecture
|coronad|corona baby
|corona discharge
|corona effect
|coronagraph
|coronagraphy
|corona method
|corona poling
|corona ring
|corona shield
|corona set
|corona theorem
|corona tube
|coronavirus
|coronite
|coronium
|E-corona
|F-corona
|geocorona
|hebesphenomegacorona
|K-corona
|multicorona
|protein corona
|solar corona
|sphenocorona
|sphenomegacorona
|tricorona
|ultracorona
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|Corona Australis
|Corona Borealis|corona seminis
|coronal
|corona glandis
|corona lucis
|corona radiata
|corona veneris
|coronary
|coronate
|coronation
|coroner
|coronet
|coroniform
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|コロナ|tr=korona|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|large, round pendent chandelier}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kattokruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|region of the skull located along the coronal suture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päälaki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|external portion of the tooth, covered by enamel|crown}}

{{trans-top-also|circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males|corona glandis penis}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|龜頭|tr=guītóu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}, {{t|fi|[[terska]]n [[alareuna]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στεφάνη|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|雁首|tr=かりくび, karikubi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|korona}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|日冕|tr=rìmiǎn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korona|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}, {{t+|hu|fényudvar}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コロナ|tr=korona}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|코로나}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|تاج|tr=tâj}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|coroa|f}}, {{t+|pt|corona|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|coroană|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|koróna|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korona|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|коро́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nhật hoa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|oval-shaped astrogeological feature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants|paraperigonium}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t|fi|lisäteriö}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|副花冠|tr=ふくかかん, fukukakan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́нчик|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|annular ciliated organ on the head of rotifers}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|main body of the test of an echinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kuori}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown of a crinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tyvi}}, {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous appearance caused by corona discharge}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rengas}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sauma}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|manifestation of secondary syphilis}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kuppakruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|蒄}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
* German: {{t+|de|Krone|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}, {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}, {{t|is|krúna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|mahkota}}, {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|corona|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|mahkota}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|taç}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|rare}} To [[surround]] with a [[luminous]] or [[crownlike]] [[ring#Noun|ring]] like the [[solar corona]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Beilby|title=Gunner: A Novel of the Retreat from Crete|location=London|publisher=[[w:Angus &amp; Robertson|Angus and Robertson]]|year=1977|page={{gbooks|ulX2f5Ao-CQC|285|coronaed}}|isbn=978-0-207-95742-0|passage=The belly dancer shimmied on to the tiny floor, all flashing eyes, black hair '''coronaed''' with winking brilliants, undulating bare flesh with tasselled breasts and a turquoise G-string and an imitation ruby in her navel: she was barefooted, wearing a massive glittering anklet which made her look very Circassian and wanton.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=39|title=[[w:Kraken (novel)|Kraken: An Anatomy]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Ballantine Books|year=2010|page=234|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1H7BVBsK9oC&amp;pg=PA234|isbn=978-0-345-49749-9|passage=He was surrounded, encauled, '''coronaed''' with whispering figures. They fleeted in and out of visibility, made of dark light. They entered his body and exited it, they faded up, they ebbed out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=In the Slopes|title=[[w:Three Moments of an Explosion|Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2015|pages=64–65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLttCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA65|isbn=978-1-4472-3500-2|passage=The creatures lay with the humans, dead islanders alongside them. They'd worked with them. Worshipped with them, the scientists said, looking anew at the shards of illustration still visible, the extraterrestrial and the human at prayer together, '''coronaed''', altar-top boxes glowing.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|coronaed|pos=adjective}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to surround with a luminous or crownlike ring like the solar corona}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympäröidä]] [[korona]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|coronavirus}}
A {{clipping|en|coronavirus|nocap=1}}, ultimately from [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|3}}|noformat=1|id=89105071|date=July 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|2}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[coronavirus]], especially [[SARS-CoV-2]].
#: {{synonyms|en|rona|q1=SARS-CoV-2, informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The recent surge of deaths due to '''corona''' reveals the shortcomings of our current healthcare system.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. Arnold|coauthors=M. Klein; J. B. Wang; W. A. K. Schmidt; H. J. Trampisch|title=Coronavirus-associated Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Infectious Mononucleosis|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509164855/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2020|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|month=January|year=1981|volume=232|issue=2|page=175|pageurl=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf#page=13|doi=10.1007/BF00505035|issn=0937-4477|oclc=849298925|passage=Similar to the way in which EBV nuclear antigens can be identified by immunofluorescence microscopy in NPC tumor cells with the EBNA test, '''corona''' antigens can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of the same patient. A possible non-specific reaction could be excluded by use of animal '''corona''' antisera.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Berkhout; Formijn van Hemert|title=On the Biased Nucleotide Composition of the Human Coronavirus RNA Genome|journal=[[w:Virus Research|Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204108/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114406/|archivedate=16 March 2021|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|date=16 April 2015|volume=202|page=46|doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.031|issn=0168-1702|oclc=67282352|pmid=25656063|passage=Although this study was restricted to the human coronaviruses, these basic properties apply to all known animal and human '''coronas''' (results not shown).}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Sankarshan Thakur|title=A mildewed life: State of play: The migrant is trapped between the home and the world|newspaper=[[w:The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510043903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-how-the-migrant-worker-is-stuck-between-the-home-and-the-world-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdown/cid/1770605|archivedate=10 May 2020|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|publisher=[[w:ABP Group|ABP]]|date=5 May 2020|oclc=271717941|passage=He collapsed at the approach to his village. The villagers would not help, not admit him anywhere in. They were spooked, he may have been carrying '''corona'''. He died, and his remains were not let in either. Doctors were called, a test was done. The cadaver tested negative.}}
# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[disease#Noun|disease]] [[cause#Verb|caused]] by a coronavirus, especially [[COVID-19]].
#: {{ux|en|She caught '''corona''' last week.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Adel F. Almutairi; Abdallah A. Adlan; Hanan H. Balkhy; Oraynab A. Abbas; Alexander M. Clark|title=‘It feels like I’m the dirtiest person in the world.’: Exploring the Experiences of Healthcare Providers who Survived MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034117301545|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|month=March–April|year=2018|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.011|page=188|column=2|issn=1876-035X|oclc=705371585|passage=The MERS outbreak in the hospital created widespread fear and panic among healthcare providers and other employees. {{...}} For example, participants’ traumatic experience is illustrated by the quote below: / ''“Neglect is pain&amp;nbsp;… prejudice is there, it hurts, also&amp;nbsp;… unbelievable human ignorance. There was one person who is in administration here, who was scared to call me because she might get '''Corona''' over the phone.”''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Nazia Parveen|title=Six-week-old baby believed to be England’s youngest coronavirus victim|editor=w:Katharine Viner|newspaper=w:The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020239/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/six-week-old-baby-is-englands-youngest-coronavirus-victim|archivedate=9 March 2021|location=London|publisher=[[w:Guardian Media Group|Guardian News &amp; Media]]|date=8 May 2020|issn=0261-3077|oclc=229952407|passage=His wife, Varda, told Geo News: “Tariq passed away in the blessed month of Ramadan in the line of duty. Even after he had developed symptoms of '''corona''' and isolated at home, he continued to do telephone clinics.”}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|corona belly
|corona blues
|corona bond
|coronaphobia
|coronasceptic
|coronoia
|rona
|corona-wise
|corona party}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|coronavirus}}
{{trans-see|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{trans-top|(''informal'') disease caused by a coronavirus}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corona|c}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|коро́на|f|id=coronavirus}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|korona|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|COVID-19}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ety|en|:bor|it:corona|text=+|tree=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|corone}}

# {{lb|en|poetry}} A [[series]] of [[sonnet]]s [[link#Verb|linked]] together such that the [[last#Adjective|last]] [[word#Noun|word]] of each is the [[first#Adjective|first]] word of the next.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Warren|title=The Sonnet. ''Morfologia del Sonetto'' nei secoli xiii e xiv. L. Biadene [''Studj di Filologia Romanza'', Fasc. 10.]|editor=A. Marshall Elliott|journal=w:Modern Language Notes|location=Baltimore, Md.|publisher=&amp;#91;{{w|Johns Hopkins University Press}}&amp;#93;|month=May|year=1889|volume=IV|column=308|columnurl=https://archive.org/details/modernlanguageno04johnuoft/page/154/mode/1up|issn=0026-7910|oclc=1201539848|passage=A favorite and most attractive combination is that of the '''''corona''''' or series of sonnets, employed to frame or develop some one theme. A list of these '''''corone''''' is given by {{smallcaps|Biadene}}, who selects and publishes from among them a series of three by {{smallcaps|{{w|Petrarch}}}}, and the famous '''corona''' of the months by {{smallcaps|[[w:Folgóre da San Gimignano|Folgore da San Gemignano]]}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Michael R. G. Spiller|title=The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies|series=Studies in Literary Themes and Genres|seriesvolume=13|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]|year=1997|page=144|isbn=978-0-8057-0970-4|passage=But the poets of Siena, and particularly the Academy of the Intronati, found the proper way of constructing '''coronas'''—since the ones mentioned above should really be called sequences ['catene'] rather than '''coronas'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=The Labyrinth of Style: Lady Mary Wroth and the Idea of [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchism]]|title=Desiring Voices: Women Sonneteers and Petrarchism|location=Carbondale; Edwardsville, Ill.|publisher=w:Southern Illinois University Press|year=2000|page=125|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Hd1WhjExMsC&amp;pg=PA125|isbn=978-0-8093-2307-4|passage=[[w:Lady Mary Wroth|[Lady Mary] Wroth]] alludes to these contexts as the '''corona''' of sonnets that crowns the sequence opens: &quot;In this strang labourinth how shall I turne?&quot; (Wroth, ''Poems'' 127).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=Robert Sidney’s Poetry|editors=Margaret P. Hannay; Mary Ellen Lamb; Michael G. Brennan|title=The Ashgate Research Companion to The Sidneys, 1500–1700|location=Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vt.|publisher=w:Ashgate Publishing|year=2015|volume=2 (Literature)|section=part VI (Poetry)|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXNxCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA250|isbn=978-1-4094-5040-5|passage=Both sets of echoes derive from the poets' first poems, and since first poems in [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchan]] sequences set stylistic, tonal, and thematic expectations, [[w:Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert [Sidney]]]'s double allusion to first poems should color readings of this, the first poem of his '''corona'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en-GB|author=Kevin Power|title=What We Can Know by Ian McEwan review – the limits of liberalism|work=The Guardian|date=2025-09-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/16/what-we-can-know-by-ian-mcewan-review-the-limits-of-liberalism|issn=0261-3077|passage=He is in search of a lost poem, the improbably named A '''Corona''' for Vivien, which Blundy wrote for his wife Vivien’s 50th birthday in 2014.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|series of linked sonnets}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|seppele}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|es|[[la|La]] [[corona|Corona]]|lit=The Crown}}, a brand of cigars from [[Havana]], [[Cuba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|entry=Corona|pos=''n.''{{sup|2}}|noformat=1|id=41772|date=December 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|3}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[long#Adjective|long]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]]-[[sided#Adjective|sided]] [[cigar]] with a [[blunt#Adjective|blunt]], [[rounded#Adjective|rounded]] [[end#Noun|end]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Samuel Birnkrant|title=Mama, Say ‘I Do’: (Formerly Titled ‘A Whisper in God’s Ear’): A Comedy in Three Acts|location=Schulenburg, Tex.|publisher=I. E. Clark Publications|year=1977|section=act I|page=22|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDz3tdujNzIC&amp;pg=PA22|isbn=978-0-88680-126-7|passage=HOWARD: ''[Entering; cheerfully]'' Got your '''coronas''', Mr. Goldman! / GOLDMAN: ''[Glumly, taking the proffered cigars]'' Thanks, Howie. ''[Puts all but one in pocket.]'' / HOWARD: Where's Ma? / GOLDMAN: ''[Indicating with cigar]'' Inside the bedroom.}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|long, straight-sided cigar with a blunt, rounded end}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|corona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|coronavirus}}
* {{pedia|stellar corona}}
* {{pedia|corona|corona (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acnoor|caroon|racoon}}

{{cln|en|genericized trademarks|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Coronaviruses|Stars|Sun|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Viruses|Plant anatomy}}

==Aragonese==

===Etymology===
From {{der|an|la|corōna||crown}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{an-pr}}

===Noun===
{{an-noun/new|f}}

# [[crown]]

===References===
* {{R:DBLA}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|ó}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-corona.wav|a=Catalonia}}
* {{rhyme|ca|ona|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ca|co|ro|na}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|ca|la|corōna}}, from {{der|ca|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare {{cog|oc|corona}}, {{cog|fr|couronne}}.

====Noun====
{{ca-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] {{gl|decorative headgear}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|imperial or regal power, or those who wield it}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|various currencies}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|ca|corona de rei|coronell|coroneta}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col3|ca|coronació|coronar|coronari|coronil·la}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|ca|verb form}}

# {{ca-verb form of|coronar}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

{{C|ca|Headwear|Monarchy|Currency}}

==Dutch==
{{wp|nl:+ (astronomie)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˌkoːˈroː.naː/}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|co|ro|na}}
* {{rhymes|nl|oːnaː}}

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|nl|la|corōna}}, from {{der|nl|grc|κορώνη}}. {{doublet|nl|kroon|kruin}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f|-'s|-}}

# {{lb|nl|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nl|coronium}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|nl|kroon}}

===Etymology 2===
{{clipping|nl|coronavirus}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f,n|-|-}}

# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} [[coronavirus]] or coronavirus [[disease]], particularly [[COVID-19]]
# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} the 2019-2021 [[COVID-19]] [[pandemic]]
#: {{uxi|nl|Veel bedrijven gingen failliet tijdens '''corona'''.|Many companies went bankrupt during the '''2019-2021 COVID-19 pandemic'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|nl|corona-afdeling|coronabesmetting|coronaboete|coronabubbel|coronacrisis|coronadode|coronafeest|coronageval|coronagolf|coronahaard|coronahoester|coronahufter|coronakapsel|coronakilo|coronakucher|coronalul|coronamaatregel|coronanieuws|coronapandemie|coronapatiënt|coronapositief|coronaregel|coronaspuger|coronatest|coronatijd|corona-uitbraak|coronavaccin|coronaverlof|coronazorg}}

{{C|nl|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-corona.wav|a=France}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-corona.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m|-}}

# {{lb|fr|informal}} {{clipping of|fr|coronavirus}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:Le Monde
|title=« Le corona, c’est en Europe ou en Chine, pas ici » : à Kinshasa, la difficile sensibilisation au Covid-19
|date=1 June 2020
|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114212648/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Ici au Congo, il n’y a que la malaria et la simple fièvre. Le '''corona''', c’est en Europe, en Chine. Nous avons des anticorps depuis nos ancêtres » affirme l’un d’entre eux, Hussein, à l’AFP.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:L'Express
|title=« Il est là le corona ! »: au canal Saint-Denis, un millier de migrants sans mesures barrière
|date=18 July 2020
|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114213444/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Regardez ici, il n’y a pas un mètre, on est les uns sur les autres ! Ici c’est du concentré de '''corona''' (…) Il est là le '''corona''' ! », déplore Abdul Qahar, Afghan âgé de 20 ans, en montrant les tentes à touche-touche, les détritus au sol et les toilettes à ciel ouvert.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:RTBF
|title=Coronavirus: ces célébrités, dont &quot;la fille la plus détestée des Pays-Bas&quot;, qui lancent une campagne anti-mesures COVID-19
|date=24 September 2020
|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110222214/https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archivedate=10 Nov 2020
|passage=Que dit-elle ? &quot;Alleen samen krijgen wij de overheiden{{SIC}} [should be &quot;overheid&quot;] onder controle&quot; (Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle des autorités) un slogan détourné de celui lancé au printemps par le gouvernement et qui disait : &quot;Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle sur le '''corona'''&quot;.
}}

{{C|fr|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==Italian==

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|coróna}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|it|la|corōna}}, from {{der|it|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare also {{doublet|it|notext=1|cruna}}, probably from a derivative of the same Latin word.

====Noun====
{{it-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] (of a king, pope etc.) (also of a tooth)
# [[crown]] (various units of currency)
# [[coronet]]
# [[wreath]], [[chaplet]]
# {{lb|it|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}} (of a star etc.)

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|it|corona solare}}
* {{l|it|coronare}}
* {{l|it|coronato}}
* {{l|it|incoronare}}
* {{l|it|incoronazione}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|gkm|κορόνα|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|el|κορώνα}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|it|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|it|coronare||3|s|pres|indc|;|2|s|impr}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|it|a=acnoor|Corano|ancoro|ancorò|canoro|corano}}

{{C|it|Currency|Heraldry|Monarchy}}

==Latin==
[[File:Χρυσό στεφάνι Αγ. Ελεούσης, ΑΜΧαλκίδας 9898.jpg|thumb|corōna (chaplet, wreath)]]

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|la|chorōna}}

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|la|grc|κορώνη|t=a type of sea-bird, perhaps [[shearwater]]; a [[crow]]; anything curved or hooked (like a door handle or the tip of a bow); a type of [[crown]]}}, from {{der|la|ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to turn, bend}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|corōna}}

===Noun===
{{la-noun|corōna&lt;1&gt;}}

# [[chaplet]], [[laurel]], or [[wreath]]; presented to athletes, the gods, or the dead
#* {{Q|la|Pl.|Men.|3|1|16|quote=sed quid egō videō? Menaechmus cum '''corōnā''' exit forās|trans=But why do I see Menaechmus here? He's coming out of doors with a '''chaplet''' on?}}
# [[crown]]
#* {{Q|la|Pl.|Men.|5|5|38|quote=at ego tē sacram '''corōnam''' surrupuisse Iovī sciō|trans=And I know that you stole the sacred '''crown''' of Jupiter.}}
# [[garland]]
#* {{Q|la|Ovid|Fasti|4|945|quote=mīlle venit variīs flōrum dea nexa '''corōnīs'''|trans=''She comes, a goddess having been enwound with the varied '''garlands''' of a thousand flowers''&lt;br/&gt;(See {{w|Flora (mythology)}}.)}}
# [[circle]] (of people), [[assembly]]

====Declension====
{{la-ndecl|corōna&lt;1&gt;}}

====Related terms====
{{col|la
|corōlla
|corōnālis
|corōnāmentum
|corōnārius
|corōnātus
|corōnō
}}

====Descendants====
{{top3}}
* Eastern Romance
** {{desc|rup|cãrunã|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ro|cunună}}
* {{desc|egl|curåṅna}}
* Italo-Dalmatian
** {{desc|co|curona}}
** {{desc|it|cruna}}; {{desctree|it|corona|notext=1}}
** {{desc|scn|cruna|curuna}}
* {{desctree|fro|corone}}
* {{desctree|pro|corona}}
* {{desc|pms|coron-a}}
* Rhaeto-Romance
** {{desc|fur|corone}}
** {{desc|rm|curuna|cruna}}
* {{desc|sc|corona|curona}}
* West Iberian
** {{desc|an|corona}}
** {{desc|roa-ole|corona}}
*** {{desc|ast|corona|curona|coroña}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|curona}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|corõa}}
** {{desc|osp|corona}}
*** {{desctree|es|corona}}
{{bottom}}

; Borrowings
{{top4}}
* {{desc|sq|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|als|kurorë}}
*: {{desc|aln|kuronë}}
* {{desc|be|карона|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*korʉn|bor=1}}
** {{desc|wlm|corun}}
*** {{desc|cy|corun}}
* {{desc|cs|koruna|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|en|corona|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fi|korona|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Korona|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|gmw-pro|*korōnā|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|hu|korona|bor=1}}
* {{desc|is|kóróna|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sga|corann|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|ltg|krūņs|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lv|kronis|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lt|karūna|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|korona|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|ro|coroană|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|sw|kirauni|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sk|koruna|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:la:L&amp;S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&amp;A}}
* {{R:la:PersEnc}}
* {{R:la:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}

{{C|la|Headwear}}

==Leonese==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|roa-leo|la|corōna}}.

===Noun===
{{head|roa-leo|noun|g=f|plural|coronas}}

# [[crown]]

===References===
* {{R:roa-leo:DCLLC}}

==Old English==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ang|la|corōna}}, from {{der|ang|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|corōna}}

===Noun===
{{ang-noun|head=corōna|m}}

# [[crown]]

====Declension====
{{ang-decl-noun-n-m|corōn}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ang|ġecorōnian}}

===References===
* {{R:ang:BT|corōna|ref=042059}}

==Old Occitan==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|pro|la|corōna}}, from {{der|pro|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}.

===Noun===
{{pro-noun|f}}

# [[crown]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|oc|corona|courouno}}

==Portuguese==

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA|corôna}}
* {{hyph|pt|co|ro|na}}

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|pt|la|corōna||crown}}. {{doublet|pt|coroa}}.

====Noun====
{{pt-noun|f}}

# {{lb|pt|botany}} {{synonym of|pt|coroa}}
# {{lb|pt|astronomy}} {{synonym of|pt|coroa}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{pt-noun|m}}

# {{clipping of|pt|coronavírus}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pt:Aulete}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}

{{C|pt|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr|+&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Rodrigo5260-corona.wav&lt;a:Peru&gt;&gt;}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|es|osp|corona}}, from {{inh|es|la|corōna||crown}}, from {{der|es|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}.

====Noun====
{{es-noun|f}}

# [[crown]]
# {{lb|es|heraldiccharge}} [[crown]]
# [[crown]] {{gl|various units of currency}}
# {{lb|es|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}}
# [[wreath]]; [[ring]], [[circle]]
#: {{coi|es|una '''corona''' de Navidad|a Christmas '''wreath'''}}
# [[sprocket]]; (''bicycle sprockets'') [[cassette]]
# {{lb|es|mechanics}} larger part of a pair of [[gear wheel]]s
#: {{syn|es|rueda dentada}}
#: {{ant|es|piñón}}
# [[washer]]
#: {{syn|es|arandela}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|es|abrir la corona|cárcel de corona|clérigo de corona|corona de barón|corona de conde|corona de Cristo|corona de duque|corona de espinas|corona de hierro|corona de infante|corona de laurel|corona del casco|corona de marqués|corona de Navidad|corona de rey|corona de rayos|corona de vizconde|corona imperial|coronal|corona solar|coronavirus|coroniblanco|coronilla|grupo corona|joya de la corona|La Corona|moldura de corona}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col|es|corola|coronar|coronel}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|kyj|korona|bor=1}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|es|verb form}}

# {{es-verb form of|coronar}}

===Etymology 3===
{{clipping|es|coronavirus}}.

====Noun====
{{es-noun|m|-}}

# {{lb|es|informal|with definite article}} [[coronavirus]], {{l|en|corona}}, [[rona]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}

{{C|es|Currency|Headwear|Heraldry|Monarchy|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==Welsh==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cy|a=cy-N|/kɔˈrɔna/}}
* {{IPA|cy|a=cy-S|/kɔˈroːna/}}

===Verb===
{{cy-verb form}}

# {{infl of|cy|coroni||{{lb|cy|literary}}|3s|pres|;|{{lb|cy|colloquial}}|1s|fut}}

===Mutation===
{{cy-mut}}</text>
      <sha1>ebyajfpe00xpqj0k4xegttggpv2jbgf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>266620</id>
      <parentid>266619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T23:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
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      <origin>266620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47776" sha1="0q32grim3qa9f9mtbkq9159335cdx85" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg
|caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}).
|image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg
|caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architecture}}) of a [[cornice]].
|image3 = Solar eclipse 1999 4 NR.jpg
|caption3 = The [[Sun]]'s corona ({{senseno|en|Sun atmosphere}}) and [[prominence]]s during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
|image4 = Artemis Corona.jpg
|caption4 = Artemis, the largest corona ({{senseno|en|astrogeological feature}}) [[identify|identified]] on the [[surface#Noun|surface]] of [[Venus]].
|image5 = A Perfect Pair Daffodills (Narcissus) - 8.jpg
|caption5 = ''[[Narcissus]]'' [[flower#Noun|flowers]] with an [[outer]] [[white#Adjective|white]] [[corolla]] and a [[central]] [[yellow#Adjective|yellow]] corona ({{senseno|en|botany}}).
|image6 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
|caption6 = An [[illustration]] of the [[morphology]] of a [[coronavirus]], with its corona ({{senseno|en|virology}}) [[form#Verb|formed]] by surface [[projection]]s ''(red)''.
|image7 = Lunarcorona.jpg
|caption7 = A [[lunar]] corona ({{senseno|en|meteorology}}) as seen from [[Minnesota]], [[United States]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹəʊ.nə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-corona.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{enPR|kə-rō'nə|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹoʊ.nə/}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɵˈronɑ/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊnə|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|co|ro|na}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|coronae|coronæ&lt;l:obsolete&gt;}}

# {ၽႆးမႆႈ ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်မူၼ်း ဢၼ်ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸတ်ႉ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶွပ်ႇမၼ်း ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် တႃႇတေ ယိပ်းဝႆႉ တဵၼ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၾႆး ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ တီႈၼိူဝ် လင်ၶႃး ၵျွင်းၽြႃးၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
# ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း တီႈတူဝ်ၶိင်းမၢင်တီႈ။
# {ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ၊ ဢၼ်ၽႅပ်ႉ၊ ၽူႈၶဝ်ႈၸုမ်းဢၼ်ဢွၵ်ႇမႃးတီႈ cornice မၼ်းပဵၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း entablature ဢၼ်မီးၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်ၽိူၼ်လႄႈ ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ cymatium။
#: {{synonyms|en|drip|larmier}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia|author=Frank Cousins; Phil M. Riley|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|year=1920|passage=The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and '''corona''' of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=John Milnes Baker|chapter=Georgian 1715–1780|title=American House Styles: A Concise Guide|location=|publisher=The Countryman Press, [[w:W. W. Norton &amp; Company|W[illiam] W[arder] Norton &amp; Company]]|year=2018|page=39|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM5kDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT70|isbn=978-1-68268-225-8|passage=Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal '''corona'''.}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}}
## {{senseid|en|Sun atmosphere}} The [[luminous]] [[plasma]] [[atmosphere]] of the [[Sun]] (the [[solar corona]]) or other [[star#Noun|star]], [[extend]]ing [[million]]s of [[kilometre]]s into [[space#Noun|space]], most easily [[see#Verb|seen]] during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Martin Schaeberle|J[ohn] M[artin] Schaeberle]]|title=A Mechanical Theory of the Solar Corona|journal=w:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|location=London|publisher={{w|Royal Astronomical Society}},{{nb...|Burlington House, W.}}|date=11 April 1890|volume=I|issue=6|page=372|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEI0AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372|issn=0035-8711|oclc=1167797923|passage=My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical '''corona''' is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Leon Golub; [[w:Jay Pasachoff|Jay M[yron] Pasachoff]]|chapter=Introduction|title=The Solar Corona|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2010|page=1|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaRH1ZxEWu4C&amp;pg=PA1|isbn=978-0-521-88201-9|passage=The '''corona''' is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space.}}
## {{senseid|en|astrogeological feature}} {{lb|en|also|geology}} An [[oval#Noun|oval]]-[[shaped#Adjective|shaped]] [[astrogeological]] [[feature#Noun|feature]], [[present#Adjective|present]] on both the [[planet]] [[Venus]] and [[Uranus]]'s moon [[Miranda]], probably [[form#Verb|formed]] by [[upwelling#Noun|upwellings]] of [[warm#Adjective|warm]] [[material#Noun|material]] [[below]] the [[surface#Noun|surface]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Gunter Faure; Teresa M. Mensing|chapter=Uranus: What Happened Here?|title=Introduction to Planetary Science: The Geological Perspective|location=Dordrecht|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2007|page=379|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4FZp6f6q6MC&amp;pg=PA379|column=1|isbn=978-1-4020-5233-0|passage=The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the '''coronas''' suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago{{nb...}}.}}
# {{lb|en|by extension}} Any luminous or crownlike ring around an [[object#Noun|object]] or [[person]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Philip Caputo|title=Horn of Africa|edition=1st Vintage Contemporaries|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|year=1980|year_published=February 2002|page=446|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_D9-4Wei4C&amp;pg=PA446|isbn=978-0-375-72511-1|passage=It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. {{...}} His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a '''corona''' of flaming debris.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lauren Wilcox|title=Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing|magazine=[[w:Oxford American|Oxford American: A Magazine of the South]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155040/https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/194-dale-hawkins|archivedate=27 October 2020|series=Southern Music Issue|seriesvolume=7|location=Oxford, Miss.|publisher=Oxford American|month=summer|year=2005|issue=50|pages=16–20|issn=1074-4525|oclc=833804612|passage=[[w:Dale Hawkins|[Dale] Hawkins]] is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a '''corona''' of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rawles Marie Lumumba|chapter=4|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=orGABwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|title=Duskfall|series=Nightshade|seriesvolume=book 1|location=&amp;#91;{{glossary|s.l.}}&amp;#93;|publisher=Takaboo Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1-941492-00-0|passage=Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his '''corona''' glowing dimly.}}
# {{senseid|en|biology}} {{lb|en|biology}} Any [[appendage]] of an [[organism]] that [[resemble]]s a crown or corona ''(sense 4.1)''.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Patrick Blair (surgeon)|[Patrick] Blair]]|chapter=The ''Osteology'' of an ''Elephant'', with a Brief Account of Its Parts|mainauthor=Baddam|title=Memoirs of the Royal Society; Being a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions:{{nb...|Giving an Account of the Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Learned and Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World; from the First Institution of that Illustrious Society in the Year 1665, to the Year of Our Lord 1735 Inclusive. The Whole Carefully Abridg’d from the Originals, and the Order of Time Regularly Observ’d, with a Translation of the Latin Tracts, and the Theoretical Parts Apply’d to Practical Uses; also an Explanation of the Terms of Art as They Occur in the Course of the Work. Being a Work of General Use to the Publick and Worthy the Perusal of All Mathematicians, Artificers, Tradesmen, &amp;c. for Their Improvement, in Various Branches of Business. [...] Illustrated with a Great Variety of Copper Plates.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} G. Smith,{{nb...|in Stanhope-street, near Clare-market}}, and sold by T[homas] Cooper,{{nb...|at the Globe in Pater-noster Row}}; and W[alter] Shropshire,{{nb...|in Old Bond-street.}}|year=1740|volume=V|pages=317 and 318|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317|oclc=960076972|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317 page 317]&amp;#93; The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; ''viz.'' two ''Condyles''{{nb...}}, two proceſſes of the '''''Corona'''''{{nb...}}, and one proceſs of the chin {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA318 page 318]&amp;#93; [T]his ''Sinus'' deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth{{nb...}}; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the '''''Coronæ''''' backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; {{...}}}}
## {{senseid|en|botany}} {{lb|en|botany}} A [[ring#Noun|ring]] or [[set#Noun|set]] of appendages of [[adaxial]] [[tissue]] [[arise|arising]] from the [[corolla]] or the [[outer]] [[edge#Noun|edge]] of the [[stamen]]s, present in some [[plant#Noun|plants]] (''[[Narcissus]]'', {{taxfmt|Passiflora|genus}}, etc.); a [[paraperigonium]] or [[paracorolla]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Don|title=A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants,{{nb...|Comprising Complete Descriptions of the Different Orders; together with the Characters of the Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Cultivated Varieties; Their Places of Growth, Time of Flowering, Mode of Culture, and Uses in Medicine and Domestic Economy; the Scientific Names Accentuated, Their Etymologies Explained, and the Classes and Orders Illustrated by Engravings, and Preceded by Introductions to the Linnæan and Natural Systems, and a Glossary of the Terms Used: The Whole Arranged according to the Natural System. [...] In Four Volumes.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} [Gilbert &amp; Rivington] for [[w:Rivington (publishers)|J. G. and F. Rivington]];{{nb...|J. and W. T. Clarke; Longman and Co.; T. Cadell; J. Richardson; Jeffery and Son; Baldwin and Cradock; J. Booker; J. Booth; Harvey and Darton; S. Bagster; Sherwood and Co.; Harding and Lepard; J. F. Setchel; Whittaker and Co.; Simpkin and Marshall; and E. Hodgson.}}|year=1838|volume=IV (Corollifloræ)|page=122|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/generalsystemofg04dong/page/122/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=|passage=''Pentándria'', ''Digynia''. All as in ''Stapèlia''; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer '''corona''' of the corolla lacerately multifid.}}
## {{lb|en|zoology}}
### An [[annular]] [[ciliated]] [[organ]] on the [[head#Noun|head]] of [[rotifer]]s, [[use#Verb|used]] for [[locomotion]] and [[sweep#Verb|sweeping]] [[food]] into the [[mouth#Noun|mouth]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert McNeill Alexander|R[obert] McNeill Alexander]]|chapter=Rotifers|title=The Invertebrates|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=1979|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYI4AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA230|isbn=978-0-521-22120-7|passage=It [''Epiphanes''] has a ciliated '''corona''' at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the '''corona''' are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them.}}
### The [[main#Adjective|main]] body of the [[test#Noun|test]] of an [[echinoid]], [[consist]]ing of [[ambulacral]] and [[interambulacral]] [[area]]s.
###* {{quote-book|en|author=D. K. Richter; R. Sedat|chapter=Brackish-water Oncoids Composed of Blue-green and Red Algae from a Pleistocene Terrace near Corinth, Greece|editor=Tadeusz M. Peryt|title=Coated Grains|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|year=1983|section=part IV (Oncoids)|page=306|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oXuCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA306|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0|isbn=978-3-642-68871-3|passage=In '''coronae''' of the sea urchin ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.10–0.13&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.03–0.05&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite{{nb...}}.}}
### The crown of a [[crinoid]], consisting of a [[cuplike]] [[central#Adjective|central]] body ([[theca]]) and a set of [[arm#Noun|arms]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Arthur Bather|F[rancis] A[rthur] Bather]]; J. W. Gregory; [[w:Edwin Stephen Goodrich|E[dwin] S[tephen] Goodrich]]|chapter=The Crinoidea|editor=[[w:Ray Lankester|E[dwin] Ray Lankester]]|title=A Treatise on Zoology|volume_plain=part III (The Echinoderma)|location=London|publisher=[[w:A &amp; C Black|Adam &amp; Charles Black]]|year=1900|page=99|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog03lank/page/99/mode/1up|oclc=1170291288|passage=A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” ('''''corona''''') attached by its dorsal (''i.e.'' aboral) extremity to a “stem” (''columna''), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (''radix'').}}
## {{senseid|en|virology}} {{lb|en|virology}} A [[fringe#Noun|fringe]] of large, [[bulbous]] surface projections on [[coronavirus]]es, formed by [[viral]] spike [[peplomer]]s, [[create|creating]] an [[appearance]] [[reminiscent]] of the [[solar corona]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence S. Sturman; Kenneth K. Takemoto|title=Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells|journal=w:Infection and Immunity|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322224059/https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2020|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=w:American Society for Microbiology|month=October|year=1972|volume=6|issue=4|page=501|pageurl=https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|column=1|issn=0019-9567|oclc=749232400|passage=Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a '''corona''' of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.}}
# {{lb|en|electricity}} A luminous appearance [[cause#Verb|caused]] by [[corona discharge]], often seen as a [[bluish]] [[glow#Noun|glow]] in the [[air#Noun|air]] [[adjacent]] to [[pointed#Adjective|pointed]] [[metal#Adjective|metal]] [[conductor]]s [[carry]]ing [[high#Adjective|high]] [[voltage]]s.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=U[lrich] Kogelschatz; Yu S. Akishev; A. P. Napartovich|chapter=History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges|editors=K. H. Becker; U[lrich] Kogelschatz; K. H. Schoenbach; R. J. Barker|title=Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure|series=Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics|location=Bristol; Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:IOP Publishing|Institute of Physics Publishing]]|year=2004|page=42|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_EVfZGi3z4C&amp;pg=PA42|isbn=978-0-7503-0962-2|passage=An appearance of a '''corona''' may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a '''corona''' arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, '''coronas''' are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.}}
# {{senseid|en|meteorology}} {{lb|en|meteorology}} A [[circle#Noun|circle]] or set of circles [[visible]] around a [[bright#Adjective|bright]] [[celestial object]], especially the Sun or the [[Moon]], [[attributable]] to an [[optical]] [[phenomenon]] [[produce#Verb|produced]] by the [[diffraction]] of its [[light#Noun|light]] by [[small]] [[water#Noun|water]] [[droplet]]s or [[tiny]] [[ice#Noun|ice]] [[crystal#Noun|crystals]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Walter Stanhope Sherwill|title=Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852|journal=[[w:The Asiatic Society|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]|location=Calcutta|publisher={{...|Printed by}} J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press|year=1854|year_published=1855|volume=XXIII|issue=LXV|pages=49 and 50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49|oclc=1047491870|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49 page 49]&amp;#93; Upon this true &quot;mackarel sky&quot; was depicted one of those glorious '''coronæ''', only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA50 page 50]&amp;#93; The '''corona''' was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the '''corona'''; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Elias Loomis|chapter=Optical Meteorology|title=A Treatise on Meteorology.{{nb...|With a Collection of Meteorological Tables.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Harper (publisher)|Harper &amp; Brothers]],{{nb...|publishers, 327 to 335 Pearl Street, Franklin Square.}}|year=1868|section=section IV (Coronæ)|pages=214 and 215|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215|oclc=839842645|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA214 page 214, paragraph 423]&amp;#93; The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called '''''coronæ'''''. {{...}} In order to examine '''coronæ''' about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215 page 215, paragraph 425]&amp;#93; '''Coronæ''' are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Alfred Grossmith Mason|chapter=14 September 1942|editor=Julie Grossmith Deltrice|title=Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Maritime, [[w:Pen and Sword Books|Pen &amp; Sword Books]]|year=2013|page=55|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVsBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA55|isbn=978-1-78303-037-8|passage=The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing '''corona''', her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.}}
# {{lb|en|mineralogy}} A [[mineral]] [[zone#Noun|zone]], consisting of one or more minerals, which [[surround#Verb|surrounds]] another mineral or [[lie#Verb|lies]] at the [[interface#Noun|interface]] of two minerals, typically in a [[radial]] [[arrangement]]; a [[reaction rim]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Theo Kloprogge; Robert Lavinsky|chapter=Introduction: Geological Examples|title=Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism|location=Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:Elsevier|year=2017|section=figure 1.45 caption|page=67|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CqlCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|isbn=978-0-12-803674-7|passage=Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite '''coronas''' in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in '''coronas''' in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.}}
# {{lb|en|pathology}} A [[manifestation]] of [[secondary]] [[syphilis]], consisting of [[papular]] [[lesion]]s along the [[hairline]], often [[border#Verb|bordering]] the [[scalp#Noun|scalp]] in the manner of a crown.
#: {{synonyms|en|corona veneris|crown of Venus}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Arbuthnot|[John Arbuthnot]]]|chapter=[The History of John Bull.] ''Jack’s'' Charms, or the Method by which He Gained ''Peg’s'' Heart.|title=The History of John Bull.{{nb...|And Poems on Several Occasions, by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miscellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. [Alexander] Pope.}}|location=London|publisher=D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson{{nb...|in the Strand.}}|year=[1750?]|section=part II|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=enVioemal1sC&amp;pg=PA60|oclc=723424047|passage=''Jack'' had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded ''Peg'' that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, ''Signiora Bubonia''. “As for his brother Lord ''Peter'', the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the '''corona'''.{{nb...}}”}}
# {{lb|en|Ancient Rome|historical}} A crown or [[garland#Noun|garland]] [[bestow]]ed among the [[Roman]]s as a [[reward#Noun|reward]] for [[distinguished#Adjective|distinguished]] [[service#Noun|services]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonhard Schmitz|chapter=grc:λημνίσκος&lt;t:LEMNISCUS&gt;|editor=[[w:William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &amp;#91;{{w|Samuel Bentley}}&amp;#93; for Taylor and Walton,{{nb...|28, Upper Gower Street.}}|year=1842|page=557|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1vVPbrHidAC&amp;pg=PA557|column=2|oclc=1051596824|passage=From the remark of Servius [''i.e.'', {{w|Maurus Servius Honoratus}}] (''ad Aen.'' v. 269) it appears that '''coronae''' adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence Keppie|title=Military Service in the Late Republic: The Evidence of Inscriptions and Sculpture|journal=Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies|location=Ryton, Tyne and Wear|publisher=M. C. Bishop|month=January|year=1997|volume=8|page=8|column=1|issn=0961-3684|oclc=715103087|passage=Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of '''coronae'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sara Pendergast; Tom Pendergast|editor=Sarah Hermsen|title=Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages|volume=1|location=Detroit, Mich.|publisher=UXL|year=2004|page=183|isbn=978-0-7876-5418-4|passage=Though men typically did not wear hats, they could wear a ceremonial form of headwear known as a '''corona''', or crown. Like many areas of Roman dress, there were strict rules about wearing '''coronas'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|coronal rain|coronasomnia|coronectomy|coronoapical|coronograph|coronule|corotron
|anticorona
|bicorona
|corona algebra
|corona conjecture
|coronad|corona baby
|corona discharge
|corona effect
|coronagraph
|coronagraphy
|corona method
|corona poling
|corona ring
|corona shield
|corona set
|corona theorem
|corona tube
|coronavirus
|coronite
|coronium
|E-corona
|F-corona
|geocorona
|hebesphenomegacorona
|K-corona
|multicorona
|protein corona
|solar corona
|sphenocorona
|sphenomegacorona
|tricorona
|ultracorona
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|Corona Australis
|Corona Borealis|corona seminis
|coronal
|corona glandis
|corona lucis
|corona radiata
|corona veneris
|coronary
|coronate
|coronation
|coroner
|coronet
|coroniform
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|コロナ|tr=korona|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|large, round pendent chandelier}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kattokruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|region of the skull located along the coronal suture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päälaki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|external portion of the tooth, covered by enamel|crown}}

{{trans-top-also|circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males|corona glandis penis}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|龜頭|tr=guītóu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}, {{t|fi|[[terska]]n [[alareuna]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στεφάνη|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|雁首|tr=かりくび, karikubi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|korona}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|日冕|tr=rìmiǎn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korona|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}, {{t+|hu|fényudvar}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コロナ|tr=korona}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|코로나}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|تاج|tr=tâj}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|coroa|f}}, {{t+|pt|corona|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|coroană|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|koróna|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korona|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|коро́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nhật hoa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|oval-shaped astrogeological feature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants|paraperigonium}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t|fi|lisäteriö}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|副花冠|tr=ふくかかん, fukukakan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́нчик|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|annular ciliated organ on the head of rotifers}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|main body of the test of an echinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kuori}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown of a crinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tyvi}}, {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous appearance caused by corona discharge}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rengas}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sauma}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|manifestation of secondary syphilis}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kuppakruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|蒄}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
* German: {{t+|de|Krone|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}, {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}, {{t|is|krúna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|mahkota}}, {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|corona|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|mahkota}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|taç}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|rare}} To [[surround]] with a [[luminous]] or [[crownlike]] [[ring#Noun|ring]] like the [[solar corona]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Beilby|title=Gunner: A Novel of the Retreat from Crete|location=London|publisher=[[w:Angus &amp; Robertson|Angus and Robertson]]|year=1977|page={{gbooks|ulX2f5Ao-CQC|285|coronaed}}|isbn=978-0-207-95742-0|passage=The belly dancer shimmied on to the tiny floor, all flashing eyes, black hair '''coronaed''' with winking brilliants, undulating bare flesh with tasselled breasts and a turquoise G-string and an imitation ruby in her navel: she was barefooted, wearing a massive glittering anklet which made her look very Circassian and wanton.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=39|title=[[w:Kraken (novel)|Kraken: An Anatomy]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Ballantine Books|year=2010|page=234|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1H7BVBsK9oC&amp;pg=PA234|isbn=978-0-345-49749-9|passage=He was surrounded, encauled, '''coronaed''' with whispering figures. They fleeted in and out of visibility, made of dark light. They entered his body and exited it, they faded up, they ebbed out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=In the Slopes|title=[[w:Three Moments of an Explosion|Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2015|pages=64–65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLttCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA65|isbn=978-1-4472-3500-2|passage=The creatures lay with the humans, dead islanders alongside them. They'd worked with them. Worshipped with them, the scientists said, looking anew at the shards of illustration still visible, the extraterrestrial and the human at prayer together, '''coronaed''', altar-top boxes glowing.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|coronaed|pos=adjective}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to surround with a luminous or crownlike ring like the solar corona}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympäröidä]] [[korona]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|coronavirus}}
A {{clipping|en|coronavirus|nocap=1}}, ultimately from [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|3}}|noformat=1|id=89105071|date=July 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|2}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[coronavirus]], especially [[SARS-CoV-2]].
#: {{synonyms|en|rona|q1=SARS-CoV-2, informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The recent surge of deaths due to '''corona''' reveals the shortcomings of our current healthcare system.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. Arnold|coauthors=M. Klein; J. B. Wang; W. A. K. Schmidt; H. J. Trampisch|title=Coronavirus-associated Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Infectious Mononucleosis|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509164855/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2020|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|month=January|year=1981|volume=232|issue=2|page=175|pageurl=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf#page=13|doi=10.1007/BF00505035|issn=0937-4477|oclc=849298925|passage=Similar to the way in which EBV nuclear antigens can be identified by immunofluorescence microscopy in NPC tumor cells with the EBNA test, '''corona''' antigens can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of the same patient. A possible non-specific reaction could be excluded by use of animal '''corona''' antisera.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Berkhout; Formijn van Hemert|title=On the Biased Nucleotide Composition of the Human Coronavirus RNA Genome|journal=[[w:Virus Research|Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204108/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114406/|archivedate=16 March 2021|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|date=16 April 2015|volume=202|page=46|doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.031|issn=0168-1702|oclc=67282352|pmid=25656063|passage=Although this study was restricted to the human coronaviruses, these basic properties apply to all known animal and human '''coronas''' (results not shown).}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Sankarshan Thakur|title=A mildewed life: State of play: The migrant is trapped between the home and the world|newspaper=[[w:The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510043903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-how-the-migrant-worker-is-stuck-between-the-home-and-the-world-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdown/cid/1770605|archivedate=10 May 2020|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|publisher=[[w:ABP Group|ABP]]|date=5 May 2020|oclc=271717941|passage=He collapsed at the approach to his village. The villagers would not help, not admit him anywhere in. They were spooked, he may have been carrying '''corona'''. He died, and his remains were not let in either. Doctors were called, a test was done. The cadaver tested negative.}}
# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[disease#Noun|disease]] [[cause#Verb|caused]] by a coronavirus, especially [[COVID-19]].
#: {{ux|en|She caught '''corona''' last week.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Adel F. Almutairi; Abdallah A. Adlan; Hanan H. Balkhy; Oraynab A. Abbas; Alexander M. Clark|title=‘It feels like I’m the dirtiest person in the world.’: Exploring the Experiences of Healthcare Providers who Survived MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034117301545|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|month=March–April|year=2018|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.011|page=188|column=2|issn=1876-035X|oclc=705371585|passage=The MERS outbreak in the hospital created widespread fear and panic among healthcare providers and other employees. {{...}} For example, participants’ traumatic experience is illustrated by the quote below: / ''“Neglect is pain&amp;nbsp;… prejudice is there, it hurts, also&amp;nbsp;… unbelievable human ignorance. There was one person who is in administration here, who was scared to call me because she might get '''Corona''' over the phone.”''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Nazia Parveen|title=Six-week-old baby believed to be England’s youngest coronavirus victim|editor=w:Katharine Viner|newspaper=w:The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020239/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/six-week-old-baby-is-englands-youngest-coronavirus-victim|archivedate=9 March 2021|location=London|publisher=[[w:Guardian Media Group|Guardian News &amp; Media]]|date=8 May 2020|issn=0261-3077|oclc=229952407|passage=His wife, Varda, told Geo News: “Tariq passed away in the blessed month of Ramadan in the line of duty. Even after he had developed symptoms of '''corona''' and isolated at home, he continued to do telephone clinics.”}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|corona belly
|corona blues
|corona bond
|coronaphobia
|coronasceptic
|coronoia
|rona
|corona-wise
|corona party}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|coronavirus}}
{{trans-see|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{trans-top|(''informal'') disease caused by a coronavirus}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corona|c}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|коро́на|f|id=coronavirus}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|korona|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|COVID-19}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ety|en|:bor|it:corona|text=+|tree=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|corone}}

# {{lb|en|poetry}} A [[series]] of [[sonnet]]s [[link#Verb|linked]] together such that the [[last#Adjective|last]] [[word#Noun|word]] of each is the [[first#Adjective|first]] word of the next.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Warren|title=The Sonnet. ''Morfologia del Sonetto'' nei secoli xiii e xiv. L. Biadene [''Studj di Filologia Romanza'', Fasc. 10.]|editor=A. Marshall Elliott|journal=w:Modern Language Notes|location=Baltimore, Md.|publisher=&amp;#91;{{w|Johns Hopkins University Press}}&amp;#93;|month=May|year=1889|volume=IV|column=308|columnurl=https://archive.org/details/modernlanguageno04johnuoft/page/154/mode/1up|issn=0026-7910|oclc=1201539848|passage=A favorite and most attractive combination is that of the '''''corona''''' or series of sonnets, employed to frame or develop some one theme. A list of these '''''corone''''' is given by {{smallcaps|Biadene}}, who selects and publishes from among them a series of three by {{smallcaps|{{w|Petrarch}}}}, and the famous '''corona''' of the months by {{smallcaps|[[w:Folgóre da San Gimignano|Folgore da San Gemignano]]}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Michael R. G. Spiller|title=The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies|series=Studies in Literary Themes and Genres|seriesvolume=13|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]|year=1997|page=144|isbn=978-0-8057-0970-4|passage=But the poets of Siena, and particularly the Academy of the Intronati, found the proper way of constructing '''coronas'''—since the ones mentioned above should really be called sequences ['catene'] rather than '''coronas'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=The Labyrinth of Style: Lady Mary Wroth and the Idea of [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchism]]|title=Desiring Voices: Women Sonneteers and Petrarchism|location=Carbondale; Edwardsville, Ill.|publisher=w:Southern Illinois University Press|year=2000|page=125|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Hd1WhjExMsC&amp;pg=PA125|isbn=978-0-8093-2307-4|passage=[[w:Lady Mary Wroth|[Lady Mary] Wroth]] alludes to these contexts as the '''corona''' of sonnets that crowns the sequence opens: &quot;In this strang labourinth how shall I turne?&quot; (Wroth, ''Poems'' 127).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=Robert Sidney’s Poetry|editors=Margaret P. Hannay; Mary Ellen Lamb; Michael G. Brennan|title=The Ashgate Research Companion to The Sidneys, 1500–1700|location=Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vt.|publisher=w:Ashgate Publishing|year=2015|volume=2 (Literature)|section=part VI (Poetry)|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXNxCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA250|isbn=978-1-4094-5040-5|passage=Both sets of echoes derive from the poets' first poems, and since first poems in [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchan]] sequences set stylistic, tonal, and thematic expectations, [[w:Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert [Sidney]]]'s double allusion to first poems should color readings of this, the first poem of his '''corona'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en-GB|author=Kevin Power|title=What We Can Know by Ian McEwan review – the limits of liberalism|work=The Guardian|date=2025-09-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/16/what-we-can-know-by-ian-mcewan-review-the-limits-of-liberalism|issn=0261-3077|passage=He is in search of a lost poem, the improbably named A '''Corona''' for Vivien, which Blundy wrote for his wife Vivien’s 50th birthday in 2014.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|series of linked sonnets}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|seppele}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|es|[[la|La]] [[corona|Corona]]|lit=The Crown}}, a brand of cigars from [[Havana]], [[Cuba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|entry=Corona|pos=''n.''{{sup|2}}|noformat=1|id=41772|date=December 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|3}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[long#Adjective|long]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]]-[[sided#Adjective|sided]] [[cigar]] with a [[blunt#Adjective|blunt]], [[rounded#Adjective|rounded]] [[end#Noun|end]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Samuel Birnkrant|title=Mama, Say ‘I Do’: (Formerly Titled ‘A Whisper in God’s Ear’): A Comedy in Three Acts|location=Schulenburg, Tex.|publisher=I. E. Clark Publications|year=1977|section=act I|page=22|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDz3tdujNzIC&amp;pg=PA22|isbn=978-0-88680-126-7|passage=HOWARD: ''[Entering; cheerfully]'' Got your '''coronas''', Mr. Goldman! / GOLDMAN: ''[Glumly, taking the proffered cigars]'' Thanks, Howie. ''[Puts all but one in pocket.]'' / HOWARD: Where's Ma? / GOLDMAN: ''[Indicating with cigar]'' Inside the bedroom.}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|long, straight-sided cigar with a blunt, rounded end}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|corona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|coronavirus}}
* {{pedia|stellar corona}}
* {{pedia|corona|corona (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acnoor|caroon|racoon}}

{{cln|en|genericized trademarks|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Coronaviruses|Stars|Sun|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Viruses|Plant anatomy}}

==Aragonese==

===Etymology===
From {{der|an|la|corōna||crown}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{an-pr}}

===Noun===
{{an-noun/new|f}}

# [[crown]]

===References===
* {{R:DBLA}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|ó}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-corona.wav|a=Catalonia}}
* {{rhyme|ca|ona|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ca|co|ro|na}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|ca|la|corōna}}, from {{der|ca|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare {{cog|oc|corona}}, {{cog|fr|couronne}}.

====Noun====
{{ca-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] {{gl|decorative headgear}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|imperial or regal power, or those who wield it}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|various currencies}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|ca|corona de rei|coronell|coroneta}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col3|ca|coronació|coronar|coronari|coronil·la}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|ca|verb form}}

# {{ca-verb form of|coronar}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

{{C|ca|Headwear|Monarchy|Currency}}

==Dutch==
{{wp|nl:+ (astronomie)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˌkoːˈroː.naː/}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|co|ro|na}}
* {{rhymes|nl|oːnaː}}

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|nl|la|corōna}}, from {{der|nl|grc|κορώνη}}. {{doublet|nl|kroon|kruin}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f|-'s|-}}

# {{lb|nl|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nl|coronium}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|nl|kroon}}

===Etymology 2===
{{clipping|nl|coronavirus}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f,n|-|-}}

# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} [[coronavirus]] or coronavirus [[disease]], particularly [[COVID-19]]
# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} the 2019-2021 [[COVID-19]] [[pandemic]]
#: {{uxi|nl|Veel bedrijven gingen failliet tijdens '''corona'''.|Many companies went bankrupt during the '''2019-2021 COVID-19 pandemic'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|nl|corona-afdeling|coronabesmetting|coronaboete|coronabubbel|coronacrisis|coronadode|coronafeest|coronageval|coronagolf|coronahaard|coronahoester|coronahufter|coronakapsel|coronakilo|coronakucher|coronalul|coronamaatregel|coronanieuws|coronapandemie|coronapatiënt|coronapositief|coronaregel|coronaspuger|coronatest|coronatijd|corona-uitbraak|coronavaccin|coronaverlof|coronazorg}}

{{C|nl|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-corona.wav|a=France}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-corona.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m|-}}

# {{lb|fr|informal}} {{clipping of|fr|coronavirus}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:Le Monde
|title=« Le corona, c’est en Europe ou en Chine, pas ici » : à Kinshasa, la difficile sensibilisation au Covid-19
|date=1 June 2020
|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114212648/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Ici au Congo, il n’y a que la malaria et la simple fièvre. Le '''corona''', c’est en Europe, en Chine. Nous avons des anticorps depuis nos ancêtres » affirme l’un d’entre eux, Hussein, à l’AFP.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:L'Express
|title=« Il est là le corona ! »: au canal Saint-Denis, un millier de migrants sans mesures barrière
|date=18 July 2020
|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114213444/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Regardez ici, il n’y a pas un mètre, on est les uns sur les autres ! Ici c’est du concentré de '''corona''' (…) Il est là le '''corona''' ! », déplore Abdul Qahar, Afghan âgé de 20 ans, en montrant les tentes à touche-touche, les détritus au sol et les toilettes à ciel ouvert.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:RTBF
|title=Coronavirus: ces célébrités, dont &quot;la fille la plus détestée des Pays-Bas&quot;, qui lancent une campagne anti-mesures COVID-19
|date=24 September 2020
|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110222214/https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archivedate=10 Nov 2020
|passage=Que dit-elle ? &quot;Alleen samen krijgen wij de overheiden{{SIC}} [should be &quot;overheid&quot;] onder controle&quot; (Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle des autorités) un slogan détourné de celui lancé au printemps par le gouvernement et qui disait : &quot;Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle sur le '''corona'''&quot;.
}}

{{C|fr|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==Italian==

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|coróna}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|it|la|corōna}}, from {{der|it|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare also {{doublet|it|notext=1|cruna}}, probably from a derivative of the same Latin word.

====Noun====
{{it-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] (of a king, pope etc.) (also of a tooth)
# [[crown]] (various units of currency)
# [[coronet]]
# [[wreath]], [[chaplet]]
# {{lb|it|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}} (of a star etc.)

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|it|corona solare}}
* {{l|it|coronare}}
* {{l|it|coronato}}
* {{l|it|incoronare}}
* {{l|it|incoronazione}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|gkm|κορόνα|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|el|κορώνα}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|it|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|it|coronare||3|s|pres|indc|;|2|s|impr}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|it|a=acnoor|Corano|ancoro|ancorò|canoro|corano}}

{{C|it|Currency|Heraldry|Monarchy}}</text>
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      <text bytes="48159" sha1="ewqkti66sld8sgdcx0zss3rxnj0jc6v" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg
|caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}).
|image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg
|caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architecture}}) of a [[cornice]].
|image3 = Solar eclipse 1999 4 NR.jpg
|caption3 = The [[Sun]]'s corona ({{senseno|en|Sun atmosphere}}) and [[prominence]]s during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
|image4 = Artemis Corona.jpg
|caption4 = Artemis, the largest corona ({{senseno|en|astrogeological feature}}) [[identify|identified]] on the [[surface#Noun|surface]] of [[Venus]].
|image5 = A Perfect Pair Daffodills (Narcissus) - 8.jpg
|caption5 = ''[[Narcissus]]'' [[flower#Noun|flowers]] with an [[outer]] [[white#Adjective|white]] [[corolla]] and a [[central]] [[yellow#Adjective|yellow]] corona ({{senseno|en|botany}}).
|image6 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
|caption6 = An [[illustration]] of the [[morphology]] of a [[coronavirus]], with its corona ({{senseno|en|virology}}) [[form#Verb|formed]] by surface [[projection]]s ''(red)''.
|image7 = Lunarcorona.jpg
|caption7 = A [[lunar]] corona ({{senseno|en|meteorology}}) as seen from [[Minnesota]], [[United States]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹəʊ.nə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-corona.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{enPR|kə-rō'nə|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹoʊ.nə/}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɵˈronɑ/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊnə|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|co|ro|na}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|coronae|coronæ&lt;l:obsolete&gt;}}

# {ၽႆးမႆႈ ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်မူၼ်း ဢၼ်ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸတ်ႉ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶွပ်ႇမၼ်း ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် တႃႇတေ ယိပ်းဝႆႉ တဵၼ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၾႆး ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ တီႈၼိူဝ် လင်ၶႃး ၵျွင်းၽြႃးၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
# ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း တီႈတူဝ်ၶိင်းမၢင်တီႈ။
# {ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ၊ ဢၼ်ၽႅပ်ႉ၊ ၽူႈၶဝ်ႈၸုမ်းဢၼ်ဢွၵ်ႇမႃးတီႈ cornice မၼ်းပဵၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း entablature ဢၼ်မီးၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်ၽိူၼ်လႄႈ ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ cymatium။
#: {{synonyms|en|drip|larmier}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia|author=Frank Cousins; Phil M. Riley|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|year=1920|passage=The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and '''corona''' of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=John Milnes Baker|chapter=Georgian 1715–1780|title=American House Styles: A Concise Guide|location=|publisher=The Countryman Press, [[w:W. W. Norton &amp; Company|W[illiam] W[arder] Norton &amp; Company]]|year=2018|page=39|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM5kDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT70|isbn=978-1-68268-225-8|passage=Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal '''corona'''.}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}}
## {{senseid|en|Sun atmosphere}} ပဵဝ်လူမ်း plasma ဢၼ်လႅင်းလီ ၶွင်လႅတ်ႇ (solar corona) ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လၢဝ်တၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢၼ်ၶႂၢၵ်ႈဢွၵ်ႇၵႂႃႇ ၼႂ်းၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၢၼ်ႇႁူဝ်လၢၼ်ႉၵီႇလူဝ်ႇမီႇတႃႇၼၼ်ႉ တေလႆႈႁၼ်ငၢႆႈသေပိူၼ်ႈ ၽွင်းမိူဝ်ႈ လႅတ်ႇၵူၼ်ႇပင်းတင်းမူတ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Martin Schaeberle|J[ohn] M[artin] Schaeberle]]|title=A Mechanical Theory of the Solar Corona|journal=w:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|location=London|publisher={{w|Royal Astronomical Society}},{{nb...|Burlington House, W.}}|date=11 April 1890|volume=I|issue=6|page=372|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEI0AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372|issn=0035-8711|oclc=1167797923|passage=My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical '''corona''' is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Leon Golub; [[w:Jay Pasachoff|Jay M[yron] Pasachoff]]|chapter=Introduction|title=The Solar Corona|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2010|page=1|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaRH1ZxEWu4C&amp;pg=PA1|isbn=978-0-521-88201-9|passage=The '''corona''' is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space.}}
## {{senseid|en|astrogeological feature}} {{lb|en|also|geology}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလၢဝ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်ႁၢင်ႈမူၼ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ၵျူဝ်ႇ Venus လႄႈ လိူၼ် Uranus ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် Miranda ၼၼ်ႉ လႅပ်ႈတေပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ဢၼ်ဢုၼ်ႇ ဢၼ်မီးတႂ်ႈၽိဝ်ၼႃႈမၼ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Gunter Faure; Teresa M. Mensing|chapter=Uranus: What Happened Here?|title=Introduction to Planetary Science: The Geological Perspective|location=Dordrecht|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2007|page=379|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4FZp6f6q6MC&amp;pg=PA379|column=1|isbn=978-1-4020-5233-0|passage=The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the '''coronas''' suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago{{nb...}}.}}
# {{lb|en|by extension}} Any luminous or crownlike ring around an [[object#Noun|object]] or [[person]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Philip Caputo|title=Horn of Africa|edition=1st Vintage Contemporaries|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|year=1980|year_published=February 2002|page=446|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_D9-4Wei4C&amp;pg=PA446|isbn=978-0-375-72511-1|passage=It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. {{...}} His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a '''corona''' of flaming debris.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lauren Wilcox|title=Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing|magazine=[[w:Oxford American|Oxford American: A Magazine of the South]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155040/https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/194-dale-hawkins|archivedate=27 October 2020|series=Southern Music Issue|seriesvolume=7|location=Oxford, Miss.|publisher=Oxford American|month=summer|year=2005|issue=50|pages=16–20|issn=1074-4525|oclc=833804612|passage=[[w:Dale Hawkins|[Dale] Hawkins]] is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a '''corona''' of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rawles Marie Lumumba|chapter=4|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=orGABwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|title=Duskfall|series=Nightshade|seriesvolume=book 1|location=&amp;#91;{{glossary|s.l.}}&amp;#93;|publisher=Takaboo Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1-941492-00-0|passage=Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his '''corona''' glowing dimly.}}
# {{senseid|en|biology}} {{lb|en|biology}} Any [[appendage]] of an [[organism]] that [[resemble]]s a crown or corona ''(sense 4.1)''.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Patrick Blair (surgeon)|[Patrick] Blair]]|chapter=The ''Osteology'' of an ''Elephant'', with a Brief Account of Its Parts|mainauthor=Baddam|title=Memoirs of the Royal Society; Being a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions:{{nb...|Giving an Account of the Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Learned and Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World; from the First Institution of that Illustrious Society in the Year 1665, to the Year of Our Lord 1735 Inclusive. The Whole Carefully Abridg’d from the Originals, and the Order of Time Regularly Observ’d, with a Translation of the Latin Tracts, and the Theoretical Parts Apply’d to Practical Uses; also an Explanation of the Terms of Art as They Occur in the Course of the Work. Being a Work of General Use to the Publick and Worthy the Perusal of All Mathematicians, Artificers, Tradesmen, &amp;c. for Their Improvement, in Various Branches of Business. [...] Illustrated with a Great Variety of Copper Plates.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} G. Smith,{{nb...|in Stanhope-street, near Clare-market}}, and sold by T[homas] Cooper,{{nb...|at the Globe in Pater-noster Row}}; and W[alter] Shropshire,{{nb...|in Old Bond-street.}}|year=1740|volume=V|pages=317 and 318|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317|oclc=960076972|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317 page 317]&amp;#93; The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; ''viz.'' two ''Condyles''{{nb...}}, two proceſſes of the '''''Corona'''''{{nb...}}, and one proceſs of the chin {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA318 page 318]&amp;#93; [T]his ''Sinus'' deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth{{nb...}}; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the '''''Coronæ''''' backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; {{...}}}}
## {{senseid|en|botany}} {{lb|en|botany}} A [[ring#Noun|ring]] or [[set#Noun|set]] of appendages of [[adaxial]] [[tissue]] [[arise|arising]] from the [[corolla]] or the [[outer]] [[edge#Noun|edge]] of the [[stamen]]s, present in some [[plant#Noun|plants]] (''[[Narcissus]]'', {{taxfmt|Passiflora|genus}}, etc.); a [[paraperigonium]] or [[paracorolla]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Don|title=A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants,{{nb...|Comprising Complete Descriptions of the Different Orders; together with the Characters of the Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Cultivated Varieties; Their Places of Growth, Time of Flowering, Mode of Culture, and Uses in Medicine and Domestic Economy; the Scientific Names Accentuated, Their Etymologies Explained, and the Classes and Orders Illustrated by Engravings, and Preceded by Introductions to the Linnæan and Natural Systems, and a Glossary of the Terms Used: The Whole Arranged according to the Natural System. [...] In Four Volumes.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} [Gilbert &amp; Rivington] for [[w:Rivington (publishers)|J. G. and F. Rivington]];{{nb...|J. and W. T. Clarke; Longman and Co.; T. Cadell; J. Richardson; Jeffery and Son; Baldwin and Cradock; J. Booker; J. Booth; Harvey and Darton; S. Bagster; Sherwood and Co.; Harding and Lepard; J. F. Setchel; Whittaker and Co.; Simpkin and Marshall; and E. Hodgson.}}|year=1838|volume=IV (Corollifloræ)|page=122|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/generalsystemofg04dong/page/122/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=|passage=''Pentándria'', ''Digynia''. All as in ''Stapèlia''; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer '''corona''' of the corolla lacerately multifid.}}
## {{lb|en|zoology}}
### An [[annular]] [[ciliated]] [[organ]] on the [[head#Noun|head]] of [[rotifer]]s, [[use#Verb|used]] for [[locomotion]] and [[sweep#Verb|sweeping]] [[food]] into the [[mouth#Noun|mouth]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert McNeill Alexander|R[obert] McNeill Alexander]]|chapter=Rotifers|title=The Invertebrates|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=1979|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYI4AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA230|isbn=978-0-521-22120-7|passage=It [''Epiphanes''] has a ciliated '''corona''' at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the '''corona''' are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them.}}
### The [[main#Adjective|main]] body of the [[test#Noun|test]] of an [[echinoid]], [[consist]]ing of [[ambulacral]] and [[interambulacral]] [[area]]s.
###* {{quote-book|en|author=D. K. Richter; R. Sedat|chapter=Brackish-water Oncoids Composed of Blue-green and Red Algae from a Pleistocene Terrace near Corinth, Greece|editor=Tadeusz M. Peryt|title=Coated Grains|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|year=1983|section=part IV (Oncoids)|page=306|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oXuCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA306|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0|isbn=978-3-642-68871-3|passage=In '''coronae''' of the sea urchin ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.10–0.13&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.03–0.05&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite{{nb...}}.}}
### The crown of a [[crinoid]], consisting of a [[cuplike]] [[central#Adjective|central]] body ([[theca]]) and a set of [[arm#Noun|arms]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Arthur Bather|F[rancis] A[rthur] Bather]]; J. W. Gregory; [[w:Edwin Stephen Goodrich|E[dwin] S[tephen] Goodrich]]|chapter=The Crinoidea|editor=[[w:Ray Lankester|E[dwin] Ray Lankester]]|title=A Treatise on Zoology|volume_plain=part III (The Echinoderma)|location=London|publisher=[[w:A &amp; C Black|Adam &amp; Charles Black]]|year=1900|page=99|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog03lank/page/99/mode/1up|oclc=1170291288|passage=A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” ('''''corona''''') attached by its dorsal (''i.e.'' aboral) extremity to a “stem” (''columna''), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (''radix'').}}
## {{senseid|en|virology}} {{lb|en|virology}} A [[fringe#Noun|fringe]] of large, [[bulbous]] surface projections on [[coronavirus]]es, formed by [[viral]] spike [[peplomer]]s, [[create|creating]] an [[appearance]] [[reminiscent]] of the [[solar corona]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence S. Sturman; Kenneth K. Takemoto|title=Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells|journal=w:Infection and Immunity|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322224059/https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2020|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=w:American Society for Microbiology|month=October|year=1972|volume=6|issue=4|page=501|pageurl=https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|column=1|issn=0019-9567|oclc=749232400|passage=Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a '''corona''' of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.}}
# {{lb|en|electricity}} A luminous appearance [[cause#Verb|caused]] by [[corona discharge]], often seen as a [[bluish]] [[glow#Noun|glow]] in the [[air#Noun|air]] [[adjacent]] to [[pointed#Adjective|pointed]] [[metal#Adjective|metal]] [[conductor]]s [[carry]]ing [[high#Adjective|high]] [[voltage]]s.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=U[lrich] Kogelschatz; Yu S. Akishev; A. P. Napartovich|chapter=History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges|editors=K. H. Becker; U[lrich] Kogelschatz; K. H. Schoenbach; R. J. Barker|title=Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure|series=Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics|location=Bristol; Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:IOP Publishing|Institute of Physics Publishing]]|year=2004|page=42|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_EVfZGi3z4C&amp;pg=PA42|isbn=978-0-7503-0962-2|passage=An appearance of a '''corona''' may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a '''corona''' arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, '''coronas''' are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.}}
# {{senseid|en|meteorology}} {{lb|en|meteorology}} A [[circle#Noun|circle]] or set of circles [[visible]] around a [[bright#Adjective|bright]] [[celestial object]], especially the Sun or the [[Moon]], [[attributable]] to an [[optical]] [[phenomenon]] [[produce#Verb|produced]] by the [[diffraction]] of its [[light#Noun|light]] by [[small]] [[water#Noun|water]] [[droplet]]s or [[tiny]] [[ice#Noun|ice]] [[crystal#Noun|crystals]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Walter Stanhope Sherwill|title=Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852|journal=[[w:The Asiatic Society|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]|location=Calcutta|publisher={{...|Printed by}} J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press|year=1854|year_published=1855|volume=XXIII|issue=LXV|pages=49 and 50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49|oclc=1047491870|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49 page 49]&amp;#93; Upon this true &quot;mackarel sky&quot; was depicted one of those glorious '''coronæ''', only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA50 page 50]&amp;#93; The '''corona''' was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the '''corona'''; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Elias Loomis|chapter=Optical Meteorology|title=A Treatise on Meteorology.{{nb...|With a Collection of Meteorological Tables.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Harper (publisher)|Harper &amp; Brothers]],{{nb...|publishers, 327 to 335 Pearl Street, Franklin Square.}}|year=1868|section=section IV (Coronæ)|pages=214 and 215|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215|oclc=839842645|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA214 page 214, paragraph 423]&amp;#93; The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called '''''coronæ'''''. {{...}} In order to examine '''coronæ''' about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215 page 215, paragraph 425]&amp;#93; '''Coronæ''' are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Alfred Grossmith Mason|chapter=14 September 1942|editor=Julie Grossmith Deltrice|title=Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Maritime, [[w:Pen and Sword Books|Pen &amp; Sword Books]]|year=2013|page=55|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVsBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA55|isbn=978-1-78303-037-8|passage=The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing '''corona''', her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.}}
# {{lb|en|mineralogy}} A [[mineral]] [[zone#Noun|zone]], consisting of one or more minerals, which [[surround#Verb|surrounds]] another mineral or [[lie#Verb|lies]] at the [[interface#Noun|interface]] of two minerals, typically in a [[radial]] [[arrangement]]; a [[reaction rim]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Theo Kloprogge; Robert Lavinsky|chapter=Introduction: Geological Examples|title=Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism|location=Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:Elsevier|year=2017|section=figure 1.45 caption|page=67|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CqlCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|isbn=978-0-12-803674-7|passage=Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite '''coronas''' in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in '''coronas''' in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.}}
# {{lb|en|pathology}} A [[manifestation]] of [[secondary]] [[syphilis]], consisting of [[papular]] [[lesion]]s along the [[hairline]], often [[border#Verb|bordering]] the [[scalp#Noun|scalp]] in the manner of a crown.
#: {{synonyms|en|corona veneris|crown of Venus}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Arbuthnot|[John Arbuthnot]]]|chapter=[The History of John Bull.] ''Jack’s'' Charms, or the Method by which He Gained ''Peg’s'' Heart.|title=The History of John Bull.{{nb...|And Poems on Several Occasions, by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miscellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. [Alexander] Pope.}}|location=London|publisher=D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson{{nb...|in the Strand.}}|year=[1750?]|section=part II|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=enVioemal1sC&amp;pg=PA60|oclc=723424047|passage=''Jack'' had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded ''Peg'' that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, ''Signiora Bubonia''. “As for his brother Lord ''Peter'', the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the '''corona'''.{{nb...}}”}}
# {{lb|en|Ancient Rome|historical}} A crown or [[garland#Noun|garland]] [[bestow]]ed among the [[Roman]]s as a [[reward#Noun|reward]] for [[distinguished#Adjective|distinguished]] [[service#Noun|services]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonhard Schmitz|chapter=grc:λημνίσκος&lt;t:LEMNISCUS&gt;|editor=[[w:William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &amp;#91;{{w|Samuel Bentley}}&amp;#93; for Taylor and Walton,{{nb...|28, Upper Gower Street.}}|year=1842|page=557|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1vVPbrHidAC&amp;pg=PA557|column=2|oclc=1051596824|passage=From the remark of Servius [''i.e.'', {{w|Maurus Servius Honoratus}}] (''ad Aen.'' v. 269) it appears that '''coronae''' adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence Keppie|title=Military Service in the Late Republic: The Evidence of Inscriptions and Sculpture|journal=Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies|location=Ryton, Tyne and Wear|publisher=M. C. Bishop|month=January|year=1997|volume=8|page=8|column=1|issn=0961-3684|oclc=715103087|passage=Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of '''coronae'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sara Pendergast; Tom Pendergast|editor=Sarah Hermsen|title=Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages|volume=1|location=Detroit, Mich.|publisher=UXL|year=2004|page=183|isbn=978-0-7876-5418-4|passage=Though men typically did not wear hats, they could wear a ceremonial form of headwear known as a '''corona''', or crown. Like many areas of Roman dress, there were strict rules about wearing '''coronas'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|coronal rain|coronasomnia|coronectomy|coronoapical|coronograph|coronule|corotron
|anticorona
|bicorona
|corona algebra
|corona conjecture
|coronad|corona baby
|corona discharge
|corona effect
|coronagraph
|coronagraphy
|corona method
|corona poling
|corona ring
|corona shield
|corona set
|corona theorem
|corona tube
|coronavirus
|coronite
|coronium
|E-corona
|F-corona
|geocorona
|hebesphenomegacorona
|K-corona
|multicorona
|protein corona
|solar corona
|sphenocorona
|sphenomegacorona
|tricorona
|ultracorona
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|Corona Australis
|Corona Borealis|corona seminis
|coronal
|corona glandis
|corona lucis
|corona radiata
|corona veneris
|coronary
|coronate
|coronation
|coroner
|coronet
|coroniform
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|コロナ|tr=korona|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|large, round pendent chandelier}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kattokruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|region of the skull located along the coronal suture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päälaki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|external portion of the tooth, covered by enamel|crown}}

{{trans-top-also|circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males|corona glandis penis}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|龜頭|tr=guītóu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}, {{t|fi|[[terska]]n [[alareuna]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στεφάνη|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|雁首|tr=かりくび, karikubi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|korona}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|日冕|tr=rìmiǎn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korona|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}, {{t+|hu|fényudvar}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コロナ|tr=korona}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|코로나}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|تاج|tr=tâj}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|coroa|f}}, {{t+|pt|corona|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|coroană|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|koróna|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korona|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|коро́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nhật hoa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|oval-shaped astrogeological feature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants|paraperigonium}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t|fi|lisäteriö}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|副花冠|tr=ふくかかん, fukukakan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́нчик|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|annular ciliated organ on the head of rotifers}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|main body of the test of an echinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kuori}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown of a crinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tyvi}}, {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous appearance caused by corona discharge}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rengas}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sauma}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|manifestation of secondary syphilis}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kuppakruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|蒄}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
* German: {{t+|de|Krone|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}, {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}, {{t|is|krúna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|mahkota}}, {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|corona|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|mahkota}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|taç}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|rare}} To [[surround]] with a [[luminous]] or [[crownlike]] [[ring#Noun|ring]] like the [[solar corona]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Beilby|title=Gunner: A Novel of the Retreat from Crete|location=London|publisher=[[w:Angus &amp; Robertson|Angus and Robertson]]|year=1977|page={{gbooks|ulX2f5Ao-CQC|285|coronaed}}|isbn=978-0-207-95742-0|passage=The belly dancer shimmied on to the tiny floor, all flashing eyes, black hair '''coronaed''' with winking brilliants, undulating bare flesh with tasselled breasts and a turquoise G-string and an imitation ruby in her navel: she was barefooted, wearing a massive glittering anklet which made her look very Circassian and wanton.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=39|title=[[w:Kraken (novel)|Kraken: An Anatomy]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Ballantine Books|year=2010|page=234|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1H7BVBsK9oC&amp;pg=PA234|isbn=978-0-345-49749-9|passage=He was surrounded, encauled, '''coronaed''' with whispering figures. They fleeted in and out of visibility, made of dark light. They entered his body and exited it, they faded up, they ebbed out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=In the Slopes|title=[[w:Three Moments of an Explosion|Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2015|pages=64–65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLttCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA65|isbn=978-1-4472-3500-2|passage=The creatures lay with the humans, dead islanders alongside them. They'd worked with them. Worshipped with them, the scientists said, looking anew at the shards of illustration still visible, the extraterrestrial and the human at prayer together, '''coronaed''', altar-top boxes glowing.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|coronaed|pos=adjective}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to surround with a luminous or crownlike ring like the solar corona}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympäröidä]] [[korona]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|coronavirus}}
A {{clipping|en|coronavirus|nocap=1}}, ultimately from [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|3}}|noformat=1|id=89105071|date=July 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|2}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[coronavirus]], especially [[SARS-CoV-2]].
#: {{synonyms|en|rona|q1=SARS-CoV-2, informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The recent surge of deaths due to '''corona''' reveals the shortcomings of our current healthcare system.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. Arnold|coauthors=M. Klein; J. B. Wang; W. A. K. Schmidt; H. J. Trampisch|title=Coronavirus-associated Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Infectious Mononucleosis|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509164855/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2020|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|month=January|year=1981|volume=232|issue=2|page=175|pageurl=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf#page=13|doi=10.1007/BF00505035|issn=0937-4477|oclc=849298925|passage=Similar to the way in which EBV nuclear antigens can be identified by immunofluorescence microscopy in NPC tumor cells with the EBNA test, '''corona''' antigens can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of the same patient. A possible non-specific reaction could be excluded by use of animal '''corona''' antisera.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Berkhout; Formijn van Hemert|title=On the Biased Nucleotide Composition of the Human Coronavirus RNA Genome|journal=[[w:Virus Research|Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204108/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114406/|archivedate=16 March 2021|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|date=16 April 2015|volume=202|page=46|doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.031|issn=0168-1702|oclc=67282352|pmid=25656063|passage=Although this study was restricted to the human coronaviruses, these basic properties apply to all known animal and human '''coronas''' (results not shown).}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Sankarshan Thakur|title=A mildewed life: State of play: The migrant is trapped between the home and the world|newspaper=[[w:The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510043903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-how-the-migrant-worker-is-stuck-between-the-home-and-the-world-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdown/cid/1770605|archivedate=10 May 2020|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|publisher=[[w:ABP Group|ABP]]|date=5 May 2020|oclc=271717941|passage=He collapsed at the approach to his village. The villagers would not help, not admit him anywhere in. They were spooked, he may have been carrying '''corona'''. He died, and his remains were not let in either. Doctors were called, a test was done. The cadaver tested negative.}}
# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[disease#Noun|disease]] [[cause#Verb|caused]] by a coronavirus, especially [[COVID-19]].
#: {{ux|en|She caught '''corona''' last week.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Adel F. Almutairi; Abdallah A. Adlan; Hanan H. Balkhy; Oraynab A. Abbas; Alexander M. Clark|title=‘It feels like I’m the dirtiest person in the world.’: Exploring the Experiences of Healthcare Providers who Survived MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034117301545|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|month=March–April|year=2018|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.011|page=188|column=2|issn=1876-035X|oclc=705371585|passage=The MERS outbreak in the hospital created widespread fear and panic among healthcare providers and other employees. {{...}} For example, participants’ traumatic experience is illustrated by the quote below: / ''“Neglect is pain&amp;nbsp;… prejudice is there, it hurts, also&amp;nbsp;… unbelievable human ignorance. There was one person who is in administration here, who was scared to call me because she might get '''Corona''' over the phone.”''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Nazia Parveen|title=Six-week-old baby believed to be England’s youngest coronavirus victim|editor=w:Katharine Viner|newspaper=w:The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020239/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/six-week-old-baby-is-englands-youngest-coronavirus-victim|archivedate=9 March 2021|location=London|publisher=[[w:Guardian Media Group|Guardian News &amp; Media]]|date=8 May 2020|issn=0261-3077|oclc=229952407|passage=His wife, Varda, told Geo News: “Tariq passed away in the blessed month of Ramadan in the line of duty. Even after he had developed symptoms of '''corona''' and isolated at home, he continued to do telephone clinics.”}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|corona belly
|corona blues
|corona bond
|coronaphobia
|coronasceptic
|coronoia
|rona
|corona-wise
|corona party}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|coronavirus}}
{{trans-see|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{trans-top|(''informal'') disease caused by a coronavirus}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corona|c}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|коро́на|f|id=coronavirus}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|korona|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|COVID-19}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ety|en|:bor|it:corona|text=+|tree=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|corone}}

# {{lb|en|poetry}} A [[series]] of [[sonnet]]s [[link#Verb|linked]] together such that the [[last#Adjective|last]] [[word#Noun|word]] of each is the [[first#Adjective|first]] word of the next.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Warren|title=The Sonnet. ''Morfologia del Sonetto'' nei secoli xiii e xiv. L. Biadene [''Studj di Filologia Romanza'', Fasc. 10.]|editor=A. Marshall Elliott|journal=w:Modern Language Notes|location=Baltimore, Md.|publisher=&amp;#91;{{w|Johns Hopkins University Press}}&amp;#93;|month=May|year=1889|volume=IV|column=308|columnurl=https://archive.org/details/modernlanguageno04johnuoft/page/154/mode/1up|issn=0026-7910|oclc=1201539848|passage=A favorite and most attractive combination is that of the '''''corona''''' or series of sonnets, employed to frame or develop some one theme. A list of these '''''corone''''' is given by {{smallcaps|Biadene}}, who selects and publishes from among them a series of three by {{smallcaps|{{w|Petrarch}}}}, and the famous '''corona''' of the months by {{smallcaps|[[w:Folgóre da San Gimignano|Folgore da San Gemignano]]}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Michael R. G. Spiller|title=The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies|series=Studies in Literary Themes and Genres|seriesvolume=13|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]|year=1997|page=144|isbn=978-0-8057-0970-4|passage=But the poets of Siena, and particularly the Academy of the Intronati, found the proper way of constructing '''coronas'''—since the ones mentioned above should really be called sequences ['catene'] rather than '''coronas'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=The Labyrinth of Style: Lady Mary Wroth and the Idea of [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchism]]|title=Desiring Voices: Women Sonneteers and Petrarchism|location=Carbondale; Edwardsville, Ill.|publisher=w:Southern Illinois University Press|year=2000|page=125|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Hd1WhjExMsC&amp;pg=PA125|isbn=978-0-8093-2307-4|passage=[[w:Lady Mary Wroth|[Lady Mary] Wroth]] alludes to these contexts as the '''corona''' of sonnets that crowns the sequence opens: &quot;In this strang labourinth how shall I turne?&quot; (Wroth, ''Poems'' 127).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=Robert Sidney’s Poetry|editors=Margaret P. Hannay; Mary Ellen Lamb; Michael G. Brennan|title=The Ashgate Research Companion to The Sidneys, 1500–1700|location=Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vt.|publisher=w:Ashgate Publishing|year=2015|volume=2 (Literature)|section=part VI (Poetry)|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXNxCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA250|isbn=978-1-4094-5040-5|passage=Both sets of echoes derive from the poets' first poems, and since first poems in [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchan]] sequences set stylistic, tonal, and thematic expectations, [[w:Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert [Sidney]]]'s double allusion to first poems should color readings of this, the first poem of his '''corona'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en-GB|author=Kevin Power|title=What We Can Know by Ian McEwan review – the limits of liberalism|work=The Guardian|date=2025-09-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/16/what-we-can-know-by-ian-mcewan-review-the-limits-of-liberalism|issn=0261-3077|passage=He is in search of a lost poem, the improbably named A '''Corona''' for Vivien, which Blundy wrote for his wife Vivien’s 50th birthday in 2014.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|series of linked sonnets}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|seppele}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|es|[[la|La]] [[corona|Corona]]|lit=The Crown}}, a brand of cigars from [[Havana]], [[Cuba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|entry=Corona|pos=''n.''{{sup|2}}|noformat=1|id=41772|date=December 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|3}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[long#Adjective|long]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]]-[[sided#Adjective|sided]] [[cigar]] with a [[blunt#Adjective|blunt]], [[rounded#Adjective|rounded]] [[end#Noun|end]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Samuel Birnkrant|title=Mama, Say ‘I Do’: (Formerly Titled ‘A Whisper in God’s Ear’): A Comedy in Three Acts|location=Schulenburg, Tex.|publisher=I. E. Clark Publications|year=1977|section=act I|page=22|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDz3tdujNzIC&amp;pg=PA22|isbn=978-0-88680-126-7|passage=HOWARD: ''[Entering; cheerfully]'' Got your '''coronas''', Mr. Goldman! / GOLDMAN: ''[Glumly, taking the proffered cigars]'' Thanks, Howie. ''[Puts all but one in pocket.]'' / HOWARD: Where's Ma? / GOLDMAN: ''[Indicating with cigar]'' Inside the bedroom.}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|long, straight-sided cigar with a blunt, rounded end}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|corona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|coronavirus}}
* {{pedia|stellar corona}}
* {{pedia|corona|corona (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acnoor|caroon|racoon}}

{{cln|en|genericized trademarks|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Coronaviruses|Stars|Sun|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Viruses|Plant anatomy}}

==Aragonese==

===Etymology===
From {{der|an|la|corōna||crown}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{an-pr}}

===Noun===
{{an-noun/new|f}}

# [[crown]]

===References===
* {{R:DBLA}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|ó}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-corona.wav|a=Catalonia}}
* {{rhyme|ca|ona|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ca|co|ro|na}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|ca|la|corōna}}, from {{der|ca|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare {{cog|oc|corona}}, {{cog|fr|couronne}}.

====Noun====
{{ca-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] {{gl|decorative headgear}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|imperial or regal power, or those who wield it}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|various currencies}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|ca|corona de rei|coronell|coroneta}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col3|ca|coronació|coronar|coronari|coronil·la}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|ca|verb form}}

# {{ca-verb form of|coronar}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

{{C|ca|Headwear|Monarchy|Currency}}

==Dutch==
{{wp|nl:+ (astronomie)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˌkoːˈroː.naː/}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|co|ro|na}}
* {{rhymes|nl|oːnaː}}

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|nl|la|corōna}}, from {{der|nl|grc|κορώνη}}. {{doublet|nl|kroon|kruin}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f|-'s|-}}

# {{lb|nl|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nl|coronium}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|nl|kroon}}

===Etymology 2===
{{clipping|nl|coronavirus}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f,n|-|-}}

# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} [[coronavirus]] or coronavirus [[disease]], particularly [[COVID-19]]
# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} the 2019-2021 [[COVID-19]] [[pandemic]]
#: {{uxi|nl|Veel bedrijven gingen failliet tijdens '''corona'''.|Many companies went bankrupt during the '''2019-2021 COVID-19 pandemic'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|nl|corona-afdeling|coronabesmetting|coronaboete|coronabubbel|coronacrisis|coronadode|coronafeest|coronageval|coronagolf|coronahaard|coronahoester|coronahufter|coronakapsel|coronakilo|coronakucher|coronalul|coronamaatregel|coronanieuws|coronapandemie|coronapatiënt|coronapositief|coronaregel|coronaspuger|coronatest|coronatijd|corona-uitbraak|coronavaccin|coronaverlof|coronazorg}}

{{C|nl|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-corona.wav|a=France}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-corona.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m|-}}

# {{lb|fr|informal}} {{clipping of|fr|coronavirus}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:Le Monde
|title=« Le corona, c’est en Europe ou en Chine, pas ici » : à Kinshasa, la difficile sensibilisation au Covid-19
|date=1 June 2020
|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114212648/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Ici au Congo, il n’y a que la malaria et la simple fièvre. Le '''corona''', c’est en Europe, en Chine. Nous avons des anticorps depuis nos ancêtres » affirme l’un d’entre eux, Hussein, à l’AFP.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:L'Express
|title=« Il est là le corona ! »: au canal Saint-Denis, un millier de migrants sans mesures barrière
|date=18 July 2020
|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114213444/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Regardez ici, il n’y a pas un mètre, on est les uns sur les autres ! Ici c’est du concentré de '''corona''' (…) Il est là le '''corona''' ! », déplore Abdul Qahar, Afghan âgé de 20 ans, en montrant les tentes à touche-touche, les détritus au sol et les toilettes à ciel ouvert.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:RTBF
|title=Coronavirus: ces célébrités, dont &quot;la fille la plus détestée des Pays-Bas&quot;, qui lancent une campagne anti-mesures COVID-19
|date=24 September 2020
|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110222214/https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archivedate=10 Nov 2020
|passage=Que dit-elle ? &quot;Alleen samen krijgen wij de overheiden{{SIC}} [should be &quot;overheid&quot;] onder controle&quot; (Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle des autorités) un slogan détourné de celui lancé au printemps par le gouvernement et qui disait : &quot;Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle sur le '''corona'''&quot;.
}}

{{C|fr|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==Italian==

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|coróna}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|it|la|corōna}}, from {{der|it|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare also {{doublet|it|notext=1|cruna}}, probably from a derivative of the same Latin word.

====Noun====
{{it-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] (of a king, pope etc.) (also of a tooth)
# [[crown]] (various units of currency)
# [[coronet]]
# [[wreath]], [[chaplet]]
# {{lb|it|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}} (of a star etc.)

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|it|corona solare}}
* {{l|it|coronare}}
* {{l|it|coronato}}
* {{l|it|incoronare}}
* {{l|it|incoronazione}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|gkm|κορόνα|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|el|κορώνα}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|it|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|it|coronare||3|s|pres|indc|;|2|s|impr}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|it|a=acnoor|Corano|ancoro|ancorò|canoro|corano}}

{{C|it|Currency|Heraldry|Monarchy}}</text>
      <sha1>ewqkti66sld8sgdcx0zss3rxnj0jc6v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
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      <text bytes="48605" sha1="bjdqal3vuh0t264uur3su24vo2qhpew" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg
|caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}).
|image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg
|caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architecture}}) of a [[cornice]].
|image3 = Solar eclipse 1999 4 NR.jpg
|caption3 = The [[Sun]]'s corona ({{senseno|en|Sun atmosphere}}) and [[prominence]]s during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
|image4 = Artemis Corona.jpg
|caption4 = Artemis, the largest corona ({{senseno|en|astrogeological feature}}) [[identify|identified]] on the [[surface#Noun|surface]] of [[Venus]].
|image5 = A Perfect Pair Daffodills (Narcissus) - 8.jpg
|caption5 = ''[[Narcissus]]'' [[flower#Noun|flowers]] with an [[outer]] [[white#Adjective|white]] [[corolla]] and a [[central]] [[yellow#Adjective|yellow]] corona ({{senseno|en|botany}}).
|image6 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
|caption6 = An [[illustration]] of the [[morphology]] of a [[coronavirus]], with its corona ({{senseno|en|virology}}) [[form#Verb|formed]] by surface [[projection]]s ''(red)''.
|image7 = Lunarcorona.jpg
|caption7 = A [[lunar]] corona ({{senseno|en|meteorology}}) as seen from [[Minnesota]], [[United States]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹəʊ.nə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-corona.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{enPR|kə-rō'nə|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹoʊ.nə/}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɵˈronɑ/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊnə|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|co|ro|na}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|coronae|coronæ&lt;l:obsolete&gt;}}

# {ၽႆးမႆႈ ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်မူၼ်း ဢၼ်ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸတ်ႉ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶွပ်ႇမၼ်း ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် တႃႇတေ ယိပ်းဝႆႉ တဵၼ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၾႆး ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ တီႈၼိူဝ် လင်ၶႃး ၵျွင်းၽြႃးၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
# ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း တီႈတူဝ်ၶိင်းမၢင်တီႈ။
# {ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ၊ ဢၼ်ၽႅပ်ႉ၊ ၽူႈၶဝ်ႈၸုမ်းဢၼ်ဢွၵ်ႇမႃးတီႈ cornice မၼ်းပဵၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း entablature ဢၼ်မီးၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်ၽိူၼ်လႄႈ ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ cymatium။
#: {{synonyms|en|drip|larmier}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia|author=Frank Cousins; Phil M. Riley|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|year=1920|passage=The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and '''corona''' of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=John Milnes Baker|chapter=Georgian 1715–1780|title=American House Styles: A Concise Guide|location=|publisher=The Countryman Press, [[w:W. W. Norton &amp; Company|W[illiam] W[arder] Norton &amp; Company]]|year=2018|page=39|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM5kDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT70|isbn=978-1-68268-225-8|passage=Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal '''corona'''.}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}}
## {{senseid|en|Sun atmosphere}} ပဵဝ်လူမ်း plasma ဢၼ်လႅင်းလီ ၶွင်လႅတ်ႇ (solar corona) ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လၢဝ်တၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢၼ်ၶႂၢၵ်ႈဢွၵ်ႇၵႂႃႇ ၼႂ်းၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၢၼ်ႇႁူဝ်လၢၼ်ႉၵီႇလူဝ်ႇမီႇတႃႇၼၼ်ႉ တေလႆႈႁၼ်ငၢႆႈသေပိူၼ်ႈ ၽွင်းမိူဝ်ႈ လႅတ်ႇၵူၼ်ႇပင်းတင်းမူတ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Martin Schaeberle|J[ohn] M[artin] Schaeberle]]|title=A Mechanical Theory of the Solar Corona|journal=w:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|location=London|publisher={{w|Royal Astronomical Society}},{{nb...|Burlington House, W.}}|date=11 April 1890|volume=I|issue=6|page=372|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEI0AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372|issn=0035-8711|oclc=1167797923|passage=My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical '''corona''' is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Leon Golub; [[w:Jay Pasachoff|Jay M[yron] Pasachoff]]|chapter=Introduction|title=The Solar Corona|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2010|page=1|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaRH1ZxEWu4C&amp;pg=PA1|isbn=978-0-521-88201-9|passage=The '''corona''' is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space.}}
## {{senseid|en|astrogeological feature}} {{lb|en|also|geology}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလၢဝ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်ႁၢင်ႈမူၼ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ၵျူဝ်ႇ Venus လႄႈ လိူၼ် Uranus ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် Miranda ၼၼ်ႉ လႅပ်ႈတေပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ဢၼ်ဢုၼ်ႇ ဢၼ်မီးတႂ်ႈၽိဝ်ၼႃႈမၼ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Gunter Faure; Teresa M. Mensing|chapter=Uranus: What Happened Here?|title=Introduction to Planetary Science: The Geological Perspective|location=Dordrecht|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2007|page=379|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4FZp6f6q6MC&amp;pg=PA379|column=1|isbn=978-1-4020-5233-0|passage=The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the '''coronas''' suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago{{nb...}}.}}
# {{lb|en|by extension}} Any luminous or crownlike ring around an [[object#Noun|object]] or [[person]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Philip Caputo|title=Horn of Africa|edition=1st Vintage Contemporaries|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|year=1980|year_published=February 2002|page=446|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_D9-4Wei4C&amp;pg=PA446|isbn=978-0-375-72511-1|passage=It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. {{...}} His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a '''corona''' of flaming debris.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lauren Wilcox|title=Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing|magazine=[[w:Oxford American|Oxford American: A Magazine of the South]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155040/https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/194-dale-hawkins|archivedate=27 October 2020|series=Southern Music Issue|seriesvolume=7|location=Oxford, Miss.|publisher=Oxford American|month=summer|year=2005|issue=50|pages=16–20|issn=1074-4525|oclc=833804612|passage=[[w:Dale Hawkins|[Dale] Hawkins]] is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a '''corona''' of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rawles Marie Lumumba|chapter=4|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=orGABwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|title=Duskfall|series=Nightshade|seriesvolume=book 1|location=&amp;#91;{{glossary|s.l.}}&amp;#93;|publisher=Takaboo Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1-941492-00-0|passage=Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his '''corona''' glowing dimly.}}
# {{senseid|en|biology}} {{lb|en|biology}} ဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်မီးႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၵူၼ်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Patrick Blair (surgeon)|[Patrick] Blair]]|chapter=The ''Osteology'' of an ''Elephant'', with a Brief Account of Its Parts|mainauthor=Baddam|title=Memoirs of the Royal Society; Being a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions:{{nb...|Giving an Account of the Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Learned and Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World; from the First Institution of that Illustrious Society in the Year 1665, to the Year of Our Lord 1735 Inclusive. The Whole Carefully Abridg’d from the Originals, and the Order of Time Regularly Observ’d, with a Translation of the Latin Tracts, and the Theoretical Parts Apply’d to Practical Uses; also an Explanation of the Terms of Art as They Occur in the Course of the Work. Being a Work of General Use to the Publick and Worthy the Perusal of All Mathematicians, Artificers, Tradesmen, &amp;c. for Their Improvement, in Various Branches of Business. [...] Illustrated with a Great Variety of Copper Plates.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} G. Smith,{{nb...|in Stanhope-street, near Clare-market}}, and sold by T[homas] Cooper,{{nb...|at the Globe in Pater-noster Row}}; and W[alter] Shropshire,{{nb...|in Old Bond-street.}}|year=1740|volume=V|pages=317 and 318|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317|oclc=960076972|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317 page 317]&amp;#93; The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; ''viz.'' two ''Condyles''{{nb...}}, two proceſſes of the '''''Corona'''''{{nb...}}, and one proceſs of the chin {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA318 page 318]&amp;#93; [T]his ''Sinus'' deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth{{nb...}}; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the '''''Coronæ''''' backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; {{...}}}}
## {{senseid|en|botany}} {{lb|en|botany}} ဝူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸုမ်းဢၼ်ၸပ်းၸွမ်း တိတ်ႉသျူး ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇမီး ၵႅၼ်မၼ်း ဢၼ်လုၵ်ႉတီႈ ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸဵင်ႇၽၢႆႇၼွၵ်ႈ ၶွင် ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢၼ်မီးဝႆႉ တီႈတူၼ်ႈမၢင်ႊၸိူဝ်း (Narcissus, Passiflora, ၸႃႉၵႂႃႇ)၊ ပရႃႇပႄႇရီႇၵူဝ်ႇၼီႇယမ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပရႃႇၵူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇလႃႇ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Don|title=A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants,{{nb...|Comprising Complete Descriptions of the Different Orders; together with the Characters of the Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Cultivated Varieties; Their Places of Growth, Time of Flowering, Mode of Culture, and Uses in Medicine and Domestic Economy; the Scientific Names Accentuated, Their Etymologies Explained, and the Classes and Orders Illustrated by Engravings, and Preceded by Introductions to the Linnæan and Natural Systems, and a Glossary of the Terms Used: The Whole Arranged according to the Natural System. [...] In Four Volumes.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} [Gilbert &amp; Rivington] for [[w:Rivington (publishers)|J. G. and F. Rivington]];{{nb...|J. and W. T. Clarke; Longman and Co.; T. Cadell; J. Richardson; Jeffery and Son; Baldwin and Cradock; J. Booker; J. Booth; Harvey and Darton; S. Bagster; Sherwood and Co.; Harding and Lepard; J. F. Setchel; Whittaker and Co.; Simpkin and Marshall; and E. Hodgson.}}|year=1838|volume=IV (Corollifloræ)|page=122|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/generalsystemofg04dong/page/122/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=|passage=''Pentándria'', ''Digynia''. All as in ''Stapèlia''; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer '''corona''' of the corolla lacerately multifid.}}
## {{lb|en|zoology}}
### An [[annular]] [[ciliated]] [[organ]] on the [[head#Noun|head]] of [[rotifer]]s, [[use#Verb|used]] for [[locomotion]] and [[sweep#Verb|sweeping]] [[food]] into the [[mouth#Noun|mouth]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert McNeill Alexander|R[obert] McNeill Alexander]]|chapter=Rotifers|title=The Invertebrates|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=1979|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYI4AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA230|isbn=978-0-521-22120-7|passage=It [''Epiphanes''] has a ciliated '''corona''' at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the '''corona''' are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them.}}
### The [[main#Adjective|main]] body of the [[test#Noun|test]] of an [[echinoid]], [[consist]]ing of [[ambulacral]] and [[interambulacral]] [[area]]s.
###* {{quote-book|en|author=D. K. Richter; R. Sedat|chapter=Brackish-water Oncoids Composed of Blue-green and Red Algae from a Pleistocene Terrace near Corinth, Greece|editor=Tadeusz M. Peryt|title=Coated Grains|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|year=1983|section=part IV (Oncoids)|page=306|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oXuCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA306|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0|isbn=978-3-642-68871-3|passage=In '''coronae''' of the sea urchin ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.10–0.13&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.03–0.05&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite{{nb...}}.}}
### The crown of a [[crinoid]], consisting of a [[cuplike]] [[central#Adjective|central]] body ([[theca]]) and a set of [[arm#Noun|arms]].
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Arthur Bather|F[rancis] A[rthur] Bather]]; J. W. Gregory; [[w:Edwin Stephen Goodrich|E[dwin] S[tephen] Goodrich]]|chapter=The Crinoidea|editor=[[w:Ray Lankester|E[dwin] Ray Lankester]]|title=A Treatise on Zoology|volume_plain=part III (The Echinoderma)|location=London|publisher=[[w:A &amp; C Black|Adam &amp; Charles Black]]|year=1900|page=99|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog03lank/page/99/mode/1up|oclc=1170291288|passage=A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” ('''''corona''''') attached by its dorsal (''i.e.'' aboral) extremity to a “stem” (''columna''), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (''radix'').}}
## {{senseid|en|virology}} {{lb|en|virology}} A [[fringe#Noun|fringe]] of large, [[bulbous]] surface projections on [[coronavirus]]es, formed by [[viral]] spike [[peplomer]]s, [[create|creating]] an [[appearance]] [[reminiscent]] of the [[solar corona]].
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence S. Sturman; Kenneth K. Takemoto|title=Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells|journal=w:Infection and Immunity|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322224059/https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2020|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=w:American Society for Microbiology|month=October|year=1972|volume=6|issue=4|page=501|pageurl=https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|column=1|issn=0019-9567|oclc=749232400|passage=Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a '''corona''' of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.}}
# {{lb|en|electricity}} A luminous appearance [[cause#Verb|caused]] by [[corona discharge]], often seen as a [[bluish]] [[glow#Noun|glow]] in the [[air#Noun|air]] [[adjacent]] to [[pointed#Adjective|pointed]] [[metal#Adjective|metal]] [[conductor]]s [[carry]]ing [[high#Adjective|high]] [[voltage]]s.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=U[lrich] Kogelschatz; Yu S. Akishev; A. P. Napartovich|chapter=History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges|editors=K. H. Becker; U[lrich] Kogelschatz; K. H. Schoenbach; R. J. Barker|title=Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure|series=Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics|location=Bristol; Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:IOP Publishing|Institute of Physics Publishing]]|year=2004|page=42|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_EVfZGi3z4C&amp;pg=PA42|isbn=978-0-7503-0962-2|passage=An appearance of a '''corona''' may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a '''corona''' arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, '''coronas''' are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.}}
# {{senseid|en|meteorology}} {{lb|en|meteorology}} A [[circle#Noun|circle]] or set of circles [[visible]] around a [[bright#Adjective|bright]] [[celestial object]], especially the Sun or the [[Moon]], [[attributable]] to an [[optical]] [[phenomenon]] [[produce#Verb|produced]] by the [[diffraction]] of its [[light#Noun|light]] by [[small]] [[water#Noun|water]] [[droplet]]s or [[tiny]] [[ice#Noun|ice]] [[crystal#Noun|crystals]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Walter Stanhope Sherwill|title=Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852|journal=[[w:The Asiatic Society|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]|location=Calcutta|publisher={{...|Printed by}} J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press|year=1854|year_published=1855|volume=XXIII|issue=LXV|pages=49 and 50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49|oclc=1047491870|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49 page 49]&amp;#93; Upon this true &quot;mackarel sky&quot; was depicted one of those glorious '''coronæ''', only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA50 page 50]&amp;#93; The '''corona''' was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the '''corona'''; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Elias Loomis|chapter=Optical Meteorology|title=A Treatise on Meteorology.{{nb...|With a Collection of Meteorological Tables.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Harper (publisher)|Harper &amp; Brothers]],{{nb...|publishers, 327 to 335 Pearl Street, Franklin Square.}}|year=1868|section=section IV (Coronæ)|pages=214 and 215|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215|oclc=839842645|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA214 page 214, paragraph 423]&amp;#93; The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called '''''coronæ'''''. {{...}} In order to examine '''coronæ''' about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215 page 215, paragraph 425]&amp;#93; '''Coronæ''' are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Alfred Grossmith Mason|chapter=14 September 1942|editor=Julie Grossmith Deltrice|title=Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Maritime, [[w:Pen and Sword Books|Pen &amp; Sword Books]]|year=2013|page=55|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVsBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA55|isbn=978-1-78303-037-8|passage=The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing '''corona''', her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.}}
# {{lb|en|mineralogy}} A [[mineral]] [[zone#Noun|zone]], consisting of one or more minerals, which [[surround#Verb|surrounds]] another mineral or [[lie#Verb|lies]] at the [[interface#Noun|interface]] of two minerals, typically in a [[radial]] [[arrangement]]; a [[reaction rim]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Theo Kloprogge; Robert Lavinsky|chapter=Introduction: Geological Examples|title=Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism|location=Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:Elsevier|year=2017|section=figure 1.45 caption|page=67|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CqlCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|isbn=978-0-12-803674-7|passage=Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite '''coronas''' in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in '''coronas''' in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.}}
# {{lb|en|pathology}} A [[manifestation]] of [[secondary]] [[syphilis]], consisting of [[papular]] [[lesion]]s along the [[hairline]], often [[border#Verb|bordering]] the [[scalp#Noun|scalp]] in the manner of a crown.
#: {{synonyms|en|corona veneris|crown of Venus}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Arbuthnot|[John Arbuthnot]]]|chapter=[The History of John Bull.] ''Jack’s'' Charms, or the Method by which He Gained ''Peg’s'' Heart.|title=The History of John Bull.{{nb...|And Poems on Several Occasions, by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miscellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. [Alexander] Pope.}}|location=London|publisher=D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson{{nb...|in the Strand.}}|year=[1750?]|section=part II|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=enVioemal1sC&amp;pg=PA60|oclc=723424047|passage=''Jack'' had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded ''Peg'' that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, ''Signiora Bubonia''. “As for his brother Lord ''Peter'', the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the '''corona'''.{{nb...}}”}}
# {{lb|en|Ancient Rome|historical}} A crown or [[garland#Noun|garland]] [[bestow]]ed among the [[Roman]]s as a [[reward#Noun|reward]] for [[distinguished#Adjective|distinguished]] [[service#Noun|services]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonhard Schmitz|chapter=grc:λημνίσκος&lt;t:LEMNISCUS&gt;|editor=[[w:William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &amp;#91;{{w|Samuel Bentley}}&amp;#93; for Taylor and Walton,{{nb...|28, Upper Gower Street.}}|year=1842|page=557|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1vVPbrHidAC&amp;pg=PA557|column=2|oclc=1051596824|passage=From the remark of Servius [''i.e.'', {{w|Maurus Servius Honoratus}}] (''ad Aen.'' v. 269) it appears that '''coronae''' adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence Keppie|title=Military Service in the Late Republic: The Evidence of Inscriptions and Sculpture|journal=Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies|location=Ryton, Tyne and Wear|publisher=M. C. Bishop|month=January|year=1997|volume=8|page=8|column=1|issn=0961-3684|oclc=715103087|passage=Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of '''coronae'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sara Pendergast; Tom Pendergast|editor=Sarah Hermsen|title=Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages|volume=1|location=Detroit, Mich.|publisher=UXL|year=2004|page=183|isbn=978-0-7876-5418-4|passage=Though men typically did not wear hats, they could wear a ceremonial form of headwear known as a '''corona''', or crown. Like many areas of Roman dress, there were strict rules about wearing '''coronas'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|coronal rain|coronasomnia|coronectomy|coronoapical|coronograph|coronule|corotron
|anticorona
|bicorona
|corona algebra
|corona conjecture
|coronad|corona baby
|corona discharge
|corona effect
|coronagraph
|coronagraphy
|corona method
|corona poling
|corona ring
|corona shield
|corona set
|corona theorem
|corona tube
|coronavirus
|coronite
|coronium
|E-corona
|F-corona
|geocorona
|hebesphenomegacorona
|K-corona
|multicorona
|protein corona
|solar corona
|sphenocorona
|sphenomegacorona
|tricorona
|ultracorona
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|Corona Australis
|Corona Borealis|corona seminis
|coronal
|corona glandis
|corona lucis
|corona radiata
|corona veneris
|coronary
|coronate
|coronation
|coroner
|coronet
|coroniform
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|コロナ|tr=korona|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|large, round pendent chandelier}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kattokruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|region of the skull located along the coronal suture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päälaki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|external portion of the tooth, covered by enamel|crown}}

{{trans-top-also|circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males|corona glandis penis}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|龜頭|tr=guītóu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}, {{t|fi|[[terska]]n [[alareuna]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στεφάνη|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|雁首|tr=かりくび, karikubi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|korona}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|日冕|tr=rìmiǎn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korona|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}, {{t+|hu|fényudvar}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コロナ|tr=korona}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|코로나}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|تاج|tr=tâj}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|coroa|f}}, {{t+|pt|corona|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|coroană|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|koróna|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korona|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|коро́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nhật hoa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|oval-shaped astrogeological feature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants|paraperigonium}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t|fi|lisäteriö}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|副花冠|tr=ふくかかん, fukukakan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́нчик|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|annular ciliated organ on the head of rotifers}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|main body of the test of an echinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kuori}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown of a crinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tyvi}}, {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous appearance caused by corona discharge}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rengas}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sauma}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|manifestation of secondary syphilis}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kuppakruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|蒄}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
* German: {{t+|de|Krone|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}, {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}, {{t|is|krúna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|mahkota}}, {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|corona|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|mahkota}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|taç}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|rare}} To [[surround]] with a [[luminous]] or [[crownlike]] [[ring#Noun|ring]] like the [[solar corona]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Beilby|title=Gunner: A Novel of the Retreat from Crete|location=London|publisher=[[w:Angus &amp; Robertson|Angus and Robertson]]|year=1977|page={{gbooks|ulX2f5Ao-CQC|285|coronaed}}|isbn=978-0-207-95742-0|passage=The belly dancer shimmied on to the tiny floor, all flashing eyes, black hair '''coronaed''' with winking brilliants, undulating bare flesh with tasselled breasts and a turquoise G-string and an imitation ruby in her navel: she was barefooted, wearing a massive glittering anklet which made her look very Circassian and wanton.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=39|title=[[w:Kraken (novel)|Kraken: An Anatomy]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Ballantine Books|year=2010|page=234|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1H7BVBsK9oC&amp;pg=PA234|isbn=978-0-345-49749-9|passage=He was surrounded, encauled, '''coronaed''' with whispering figures. They fleeted in and out of visibility, made of dark light. They entered his body and exited it, they faded up, they ebbed out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=In the Slopes|title=[[w:Three Moments of an Explosion|Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2015|pages=64–65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLttCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA65|isbn=978-1-4472-3500-2|passage=The creatures lay with the humans, dead islanders alongside them. They'd worked with them. Worshipped with them, the scientists said, looking anew at the shards of illustration still visible, the extraterrestrial and the human at prayer together, '''coronaed''', altar-top boxes glowing.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|coronaed|pos=adjective}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to surround with a luminous or crownlike ring like the solar corona}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympäröidä]] [[korona]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|coronavirus}}
A {{clipping|en|coronavirus|nocap=1}}, ultimately from [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|3}}|noformat=1|id=89105071|date=July 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|2}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[coronavirus]], especially [[SARS-CoV-2]].
#: {{synonyms|en|rona|q1=SARS-CoV-2, informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The recent surge of deaths due to '''corona''' reveals the shortcomings of our current healthcare system.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. Arnold|coauthors=M. Klein; J. B. Wang; W. A. K. Schmidt; H. J. Trampisch|title=Coronavirus-associated Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Infectious Mononucleosis|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509164855/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2020|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|month=January|year=1981|volume=232|issue=2|page=175|pageurl=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf#page=13|doi=10.1007/BF00505035|issn=0937-4477|oclc=849298925|passage=Similar to the way in which EBV nuclear antigens can be identified by immunofluorescence microscopy in NPC tumor cells with the EBNA test, '''corona''' antigens can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of the same patient. A possible non-specific reaction could be excluded by use of animal '''corona''' antisera.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Berkhout; Formijn van Hemert|title=On the Biased Nucleotide Composition of the Human Coronavirus RNA Genome|journal=[[w:Virus Research|Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204108/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114406/|archivedate=16 March 2021|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|date=16 April 2015|volume=202|page=46|doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.031|issn=0168-1702|oclc=67282352|pmid=25656063|passage=Although this study was restricted to the human coronaviruses, these basic properties apply to all known animal and human '''coronas''' (results not shown).}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Sankarshan Thakur|title=A mildewed life: State of play: The migrant is trapped between the home and the world|newspaper=[[w:The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510043903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-how-the-migrant-worker-is-stuck-between-the-home-and-the-world-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdown/cid/1770605|archivedate=10 May 2020|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|publisher=[[w:ABP Group|ABP]]|date=5 May 2020|oclc=271717941|passage=He collapsed at the approach to his village. The villagers would not help, not admit him anywhere in. They were spooked, he may have been carrying '''corona'''. He died, and his remains were not let in either. Doctors were called, a test was done. The cadaver tested negative.}}
# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[disease#Noun|disease]] [[cause#Verb|caused]] by a coronavirus, especially [[COVID-19]].
#: {{ux|en|She caught '''corona''' last week.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Adel F. Almutairi; Abdallah A. Adlan; Hanan H. Balkhy; Oraynab A. Abbas; Alexander M. Clark|title=‘It feels like I’m the dirtiest person in the world.’: Exploring the Experiences of Healthcare Providers who Survived MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034117301545|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|month=March–April|year=2018|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.011|page=188|column=2|issn=1876-035X|oclc=705371585|passage=The MERS outbreak in the hospital created widespread fear and panic among healthcare providers and other employees. {{...}} For example, participants’ traumatic experience is illustrated by the quote below: / ''“Neglect is pain&amp;nbsp;… prejudice is there, it hurts, also&amp;nbsp;… unbelievable human ignorance. There was one person who is in administration here, who was scared to call me because she might get '''Corona''' over the phone.”''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Nazia Parveen|title=Six-week-old baby believed to be England’s youngest coronavirus victim|editor=w:Katharine Viner|newspaper=w:The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020239/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/six-week-old-baby-is-englands-youngest-coronavirus-victim|archivedate=9 March 2021|location=London|publisher=[[w:Guardian Media Group|Guardian News &amp; Media]]|date=8 May 2020|issn=0261-3077|oclc=229952407|passage=His wife, Varda, told Geo News: “Tariq passed away in the blessed month of Ramadan in the line of duty. Even after he had developed symptoms of '''corona''' and isolated at home, he continued to do telephone clinics.”}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|corona belly
|corona blues
|corona bond
|coronaphobia
|coronasceptic
|coronoia
|rona
|corona-wise
|corona party}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|coronavirus}}
{{trans-see|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{trans-top|(''informal'') disease caused by a coronavirus}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corona|c}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|коро́на|f|id=coronavirus}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|korona|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|COVID-19}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ety|en|:bor|it:corona|text=+|tree=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|corone}}

# {{lb|en|poetry}} A [[series]] of [[sonnet]]s [[link#Verb|linked]] together such that the [[last#Adjective|last]] [[word#Noun|word]] of each is the [[first#Adjective|first]] word of the next.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Warren|title=The Sonnet. ''Morfologia del Sonetto'' nei secoli xiii e xiv. L. Biadene [''Studj di Filologia Romanza'', Fasc. 10.]|editor=A. Marshall Elliott|journal=w:Modern Language Notes|location=Baltimore, Md.|publisher=&amp;#91;{{w|Johns Hopkins University Press}}&amp;#93;|month=May|year=1889|volume=IV|column=308|columnurl=https://archive.org/details/modernlanguageno04johnuoft/page/154/mode/1up|issn=0026-7910|oclc=1201539848|passage=A favorite and most attractive combination is that of the '''''corona''''' or series of sonnets, employed to frame or develop some one theme. A list of these '''''corone''''' is given by {{smallcaps|Biadene}}, who selects and publishes from among them a series of three by {{smallcaps|{{w|Petrarch}}}}, and the famous '''corona''' of the months by {{smallcaps|[[w:Folgóre da San Gimignano|Folgore da San Gemignano]]}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Michael R. G. Spiller|title=The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies|series=Studies in Literary Themes and Genres|seriesvolume=13|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]|year=1997|page=144|isbn=978-0-8057-0970-4|passage=But the poets of Siena, and particularly the Academy of the Intronati, found the proper way of constructing '''coronas'''—since the ones mentioned above should really be called sequences ['catene'] rather than '''coronas'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=The Labyrinth of Style: Lady Mary Wroth and the Idea of [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchism]]|title=Desiring Voices: Women Sonneteers and Petrarchism|location=Carbondale; Edwardsville, Ill.|publisher=w:Southern Illinois University Press|year=2000|page=125|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Hd1WhjExMsC&amp;pg=PA125|isbn=978-0-8093-2307-4|passage=[[w:Lady Mary Wroth|[Lady Mary] Wroth]] alludes to these contexts as the '''corona''' of sonnets that crowns the sequence opens: &quot;In this strang labourinth how shall I turne?&quot; (Wroth, ''Poems'' 127).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=Robert Sidney’s Poetry|editors=Margaret P. Hannay; Mary Ellen Lamb; Michael G. Brennan|title=The Ashgate Research Companion to The Sidneys, 1500–1700|location=Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vt.|publisher=w:Ashgate Publishing|year=2015|volume=2 (Literature)|section=part VI (Poetry)|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXNxCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA250|isbn=978-1-4094-5040-5|passage=Both sets of echoes derive from the poets' first poems, and since first poems in [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchan]] sequences set stylistic, tonal, and thematic expectations, [[w:Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert [Sidney]]]'s double allusion to first poems should color readings of this, the first poem of his '''corona'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en-GB|author=Kevin Power|title=What We Can Know by Ian McEwan review – the limits of liberalism|work=The Guardian|date=2025-09-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/16/what-we-can-know-by-ian-mcewan-review-the-limits-of-liberalism|issn=0261-3077|passage=He is in search of a lost poem, the improbably named A '''Corona''' for Vivien, which Blundy wrote for his wife Vivien’s 50th birthday in 2014.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|series of linked sonnets}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|seppele}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|es|[[la|La]] [[corona|Corona]]|lit=The Crown}}, a brand of cigars from [[Havana]], [[Cuba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|entry=Corona|pos=''n.''{{sup|2}}|noformat=1|id=41772|date=December 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|3}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[long#Adjective|long]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]]-[[sided#Adjective|sided]] [[cigar]] with a [[blunt#Adjective|blunt]], [[rounded#Adjective|rounded]] [[end#Noun|end]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Samuel Birnkrant|title=Mama, Say ‘I Do’: (Formerly Titled ‘A Whisper in God’s Ear’): A Comedy in Three Acts|location=Schulenburg, Tex.|publisher=I. E. Clark Publications|year=1977|section=act I|page=22|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDz3tdujNzIC&amp;pg=PA22|isbn=978-0-88680-126-7|passage=HOWARD: ''[Entering; cheerfully]'' Got your '''coronas''', Mr. Goldman! / GOLDMAN: ''[Glumly, taking the proffered cigars]'' Thanks, Howie. ''[Puts all but one in pocket.]'' / HOWARD: Where's Ma? / GOLDMAN: ''[Indicating with cigar]'' Inside the bedroom.}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|long, straight-sided cigar with a blunt, rounded end}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|corona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|coronavirus}}
* {{pedia|stellar corona}}
* {{pedia|corona|corona (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acnoor|caroon|racoon}}

{{cln|en|genericized trademarks|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Coronaviruses|Stars|Sun|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Viruses|Plant anatomy}}

==Aragonese==

===Etymology===
From {{der|an|la|corōna||crown}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{an-pr}}

===Noun===
{{an-noun/new|f}}

# [[crown]]

===References===
* {{R:DBLA}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|ó}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-corona.wav|a=Catalonia}}
* {{rhyme|ca|ona|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ca|co|ro|na}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|ca|la|corōna}}, from {{der|ca|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare {{cog|oc|corona}}, {{cog|fr|couronne}}.

====Noun====
{{ca-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] {{gl|decorative headgear}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|imperial or regal power, or those who wield it}}
# [[crown]] {{gl|various currencies}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|ca|corona de rei|coronell|coroneta}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col3|ca|coronació|coronar|coronari|coronil·la}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|ca|verb form}}

# {{ca-verb form of|coronar}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

{{C|ca|Headwear|Monarchy|Currency}}

==Dutch==
{{wp|nl:+ (astronomie)}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˌkoːˈroː.naː/}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|co|ro|na}}
* {{rhymes|nl|oːnaː}}

===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|nl|la|corōna}}, from {{der|nl|grc|κορώνη}}. {{doublet|nl|kroon|kruin}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f|-'s|-}}

# {{lb|nl|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nl|coronium}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|nl|kroon}}

===Etymology 2===
{{clipping|nl|coronavirus}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|f,n|-|-}}

# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} [[coronavirus]] or coronavirus [[disease]], particularly [[COVID-19]]
# {{lb|nl|informal|usually without definite article}} the 2019-2021 [[COVID-19]] [[pandemic]]
#: {{uxi|nl|Veel bedrijven gingen failliet tijdens '''corona'''.|Many companies went bankrupt during the '''2019-2021 COVID-19 pandemic'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|nl|corona-afdeling|coronabesmetting|coronaboete|coronabubbel|coronacrisis|coronadode|coronafeest|coronageval|coronagolf|coronahaard|coronahoester|coronahufter|coronakapsel|coronakilo|coronakucher|coronalul|coronamaatregel|coronanieuws|coronapandemie|coronapatiënt|coronapositief|coronaregel|coronaspuger|coronatest|coronatijd|corona-uitbraak|coronavaccin|coronaverlof|coronazorg}}

{{C|nl|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-corona.wav|a=France}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-corona.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Vosges&gt;&gt;)}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m|-}}

# {{lb|fr|informal}} {{clipping of|fr|coronavirus}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:Le Monde
|title=« Le corona, c’est en Europe ou en Chine, pas ici » : à Kinshasa, la difficile sensibilisation au Covid-19
|date=1 June 2020
|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114212648/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/01/le-corona-c-est-en-europe-ou-en-chine-pas-ici-a-kinshasa-la-difficile-sensibilisation-au-covid-19_6041373_3212.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Ici au Congo, il n’y a que la malaria et la simple fièvre. Le '''corona''', c’est en Europe, en Chine. Nous avons des anticorps depuis nos ancêtres » affirme l’un d’entre eux, Hussein, à l’AFP.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:L'Express
|title=« Il est là le corona ! »: au canal Saint-Denis, un millier de migrants sans mesures barrière
|date=18 July 2020
|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114213444/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/il-est-la-le-corona-au-canal-saint-denis-un-millier-de-migrants-sans-mesures-barriere_2131231.html
|archivedate=14 Jan 2021
|passage=« Regardez ici, il n’y a pas un mètre, on est les uns sur les autres ! Ici c’est du concentré de '''corona''' (…) Il est là le '''corona''' ! », déplore Abdul Qahar, Afghan âgé de 20 ans, en montrant les tentes à touche-touche, les détritus au sol et les toilettes à ciel ouvert.
}}
#* {{quote-web|fr
|work=w:RTBF
|title=Coronavirus: ces célébrités, dont &quot;la fille la plus détestée des Pays-Bas&quot;, qui lancent une campagne anti-mesures COVID-19
|date=24 September 2020
|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110222214/https://www.rtbf.be/info/monde/detail_polemique-aux-pays-bas-des-chanteurs-dont-la-fille-la-plus-detestee-du-pays-lance-une-campagne-anti-mesures-corona?id=10592048
|archivedate=10 Nov 2020
|passage=Que dit-elle ? &quot;Alleen samen krijgen wij de overheiden{{SIC}} [should be &quot;overheid&quot;] onder controle&quot; (Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle des autorités) un slogan détourné de celui lancé au printemps par le gouvernement et qui disait : &quot;Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle sur le '''corona'''&quot;.
}}

{{C|fr|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Coronaviruses|Viruses}}

==Italian==

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|coróna}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|it|la|corōna}}, from {{der|it|grc|κορώνη||garland, wreath}}. Compare also {{doublet|it|notext=1|cruna}}, probably from a derivative of the same Latin word.

====Noun====
{{it-noun|f}}

# [[crown]] (of a king, pope etc.) (also of a tooth)
# [[crown]] (various units of currency)
# [[coronet]]
# [[wreath]], [[chaplet]]
# {{lb|it|astronomy}} {{l|en|corona}} (of a star etc.)

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|it|corona solare}}
* {{l|it|coronare}}
* {{l|it|coronato}}
* {{l|it|incoronare}}
* {{l|it|incoronazione}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|gkm|κορόνα|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|el|κορώνα}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|it|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|it|coronare||3|s|pres|indc|;|2|s|impr}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|it|a=acnoor|Corano|ancoro|ancorò|canoro|corano}}

{{C|it|Currency|Heraldry|Monarchy}}</text>
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    </revision>
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      <text bytes="44737" sha1="kijkpduvwo6kxrpyttnnn68e0gxuqx6" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg
|caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}).
|image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg
|caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architecture}}) of a [[cornice]].
|image3 = Solar eclipse 1999 4 NR.jpg
|caption3 = The [[Sun]]'s corona ({{senseno|en|Sun atmosphere}}) and [[prominence]]s during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
|image4 = Artemis Corona.jpg
|caption4 = Artemis, the largest corona ({{senseno|en|astrogeological feature}}) [[identify|identified]] on the [[surface#Noun|surface]] of [[Venus]].
|image5 = A Perfect Pair Daffodills (Narcissus) - 8.jpg
|caption5 = ''[[Narcissus]]'' [[flower#Noun|flowers]] with an [[outer]] [[white#Adjective|white]] [[corolla]] and a [[central]] [[yellow#Adjective|yellow]] corona ({{senseno|en|botany}}).
|image6 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
|caption6 = An [[illustration]] of the [[morphology]] of a [[coronavirus]], with its corona ({{senseno|en|virology}}) [[form#Verb|formed]] by surface [[projection]]s ''(red)''.
|image7 = Lunarcorona.jpg
|caption7 = A [[lunar]] corona ({{senseno|en|meteorology}}) as seen from [[Minnesota]], [[United States]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹəʊ.nə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-corona.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{enPR|kə-rō'nə|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹoʊ.nə/}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɵˈronɑ/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊnə|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|co|ro|na}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|coronae|coronæ&lt;l:obsolete&gt;}}

# {ၽႆးမႆႈ ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်မူၼ်း ဢၼ်ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸတ်ႉ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶွပ်ႇမၼ်း ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် တႃႇတေ ယိပ်းဝႆႉ တဵၼ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၾႆး ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ တီႈၼိူဝ် လင်ၶႃး ၵျွင်းၽြႃးၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
# ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း တီႈတူဝ်ၶိင်းမၢင်တီႈ။
# {ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ၊ ဢၼ်ၽႅပ်ႉ၊ ၽူႈၶဝ်ႈၸုမ်းဢၼ်ဢွၵ်ႇမႃးတီႈ cornice မၼ်းပဵၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း entablature ဢၼ်မီးၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်ၽိူၼ်လႄႈ ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ cymatium။
#: {{synonyms|en|drip|larmier}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia|author=Frank Cousins; Phil M. Riley|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|year=1920|passage=The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and '''corona''' of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=John Milnes Baker|chapter=Georgian 1715–1780|title=American House Styles: A Concise Guide|location=|publisher=The Countryman Press, [[w:W. W. Norton &amp; Company|W[illiam] W[arder] Norton &amp; Company]]|year=2018|page=39|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM5kDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT70|isbn=978-1-68268-225-8|passage=Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal '''corona'''.}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}}
## {{senseid|en|Sun atmosphere}} ပဵဝ်လူမ်း plasma ဢၼ်လႅင်းလီ ၶွင်လႅတ်ႇ (solar corona) ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လၢဝ်တၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢၼ်ၶႂၢၵ်ႈဢွၵ်ႇၵႂႃႇ ၼႂ်းၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၢၼ်ႇႁူဝ်လၢၼ်ႉၵီႇလူဝ်ႇမီႇတႃႇၼၼ်ႉ တေလႆႈႁၼ်ငၢႆႈသေပိူၼ်ႈ ၽွင်းမိူဝ်ႈ လႅတ်ႇၵူၼ်ႇပင်းတင်းမူတ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Martin Schaeberle|J[ohn] M[artin] Schaeberle]]|title=A Mechanical Theory of the Solar Corona|journal=w:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|location=London|publisher={{w|Royal Astronomical Society}},{{nb...|Burlington House, W.}}|date=11 April 1890|volume=I|issue=6|page=372|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEI0AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372|issn=0035-8711|oclc=1167797923|passage=My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical '''corona''' is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Leon Golub; [[w:Jay Pasachoff|Jay M[yron] Pasachoff]]|chapter=Introduction|title=The Solar Corona|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2010|page=1|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaRH1ZxEWu4C&amp;pg=PA1|isbn=978-0-521-88201-9|passage=The '''corona''' is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space.}}
## {{senseid|en|astrogeological feature}} {{lb|en|also|geology}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလၢဝ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်ႁၢင်ႈမူၼ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ၵျူဝ်ႇ Venus လႄႈ လိူၼ် Uranus ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် Miranda ၼၼ်ႉ လႅပ်ႈတေပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ဢၼ်ဢုၼ်ႇ ဢၼ်မီးတႂ်ႈၽိဝ်ၼႃႈမၼ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Gunter Faure; Teresa M. Mensing|chapter=Uranus: What Happened Here?|title=Introduction to Planetary Science: The Geological Perspective|location=Dordrecht|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2007|page=379|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4FZp6f6q6MC&amp;pg=PA379|column=1|isbn=978-1-4020-5233-0|passage=The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the '''coronas''' suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago{{nb...}}.}}
# {ဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်မီးႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၵူၼ်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Philip Caputo|title=Horn of Africa|edition=1st Vintage Contemporaries|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|year=1980|year_published=February 2002|page=446|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_D9-4Wei4C&amp;pg=PA446|isbn=978-0-375-72511-1|passage=It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. {{...}} His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a '''corona''' of flaming debris.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lauren Wilcox|title=Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing|magazine=[[w:Oxford American|Oxford American: A Magazine of the South]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155040/https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/194-dale-hawkins|archivedate=27 October 2020|series=Southern Music Issue|seriesvolume=7|location=Oxford, Miss.|publisher=Oxford American|month=summer|year=2005|issue=50|pages=16–20|issn=1074-4525|oclc=833804612|passage=[[w:Dale Hawkins|[Dale] Hawkins]] is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a '''corona''' of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rawles Marie Lumumba|chapter=4|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=orGABwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|title=Duskfall|series=Nightshade|seriesvolume=book 1|location=&amp;#91;{{glossary|s.l.}}&amp;#93;|publisher=Takaboo Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1-941492-00-0|passage=Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his '''corona''' glowing dimly.}}
# {{senseid|en|biology}} {{lb|en|biology}} ဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်မီးႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၵူၼ်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Patrick Blair (surgeon)|[Patrick] Blair]]|chapter=The ''Osteology'' of an ''Elephant'', with a Brief Account of Its Parts|mainauthor=Baddam|title=Memoirs of the Royal Society; Being a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions:{{nb...|Giving an Account of the Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Learned and Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World; from the First Institution of that Illustrious Society in the Year 1665, to the Year of Our Lord 1735 Inclusive. The Whole Carefully Abridg’d from the Originals, and the Order of Time Regularly Observ’d, with a Translation of the Latin Tracts, and the Theoretical Parts Apply’d to Practical Uses; also an Explanation of the Terms of Art as They Occur in the Course of the Work. Being a Work of General Use to the Publick and Worthy the Perusal of All Mathematicians, Artificers, Tradesmen, &amp;c. for Their Improvement, in Various Branches of Business. [...] Illustrated with a Great Variety of Copper Plates.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} G. Smith,{{nb...|in Stanhope-street, near Clare-market}}, and sold by T[homas] Cooper,{{nb...|at the Globe in Pater-noster Row}}; and W[alter] Shropshire,{{nb...|in Old Bond-street.}}|year=1740|volume=V|pages=317 and 318|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317|oclc=960076972|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317 page 317]&amp;#93; The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; ''viz.'' two ''Condyles''{{nb...}}, two proceſſes of the '''''Corona'''''{{nb...}}, and one proceſs of the chin {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA318 page 318]&amp;#93; [T]his ''Sinus'' deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth{{nb...}}; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the '''''Coronæ''''' backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; {{...}}}}
## {{senseid|en|botany}} {{lb|en|botany}} ဝူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸုမ်းဢၼ်ၸပ်းၸွမ်း တိတ်ႉသျူး ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇမီး ၵႅၼ်မၼ်း ဢၼ်လုၵ်ႉတီႈ ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸဵင်ႇၽၢႆႇၼွၵ်ႈ ၶွင် ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢၼ်မီးဝႆႉ တီႈတူၼ်ႈမၢင်ႊၸိူဝ်း (Narcissus, Passiflora, ၸႃႉၵႂႃႇ)၊ ပရႃႇပႄႇရီႇၵူဝ်ႇၼီႇယမ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပရႃႇၵူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇလႃႇ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Don|title=A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants,{{nb...|Comprising Complete Descriptions of the Different Orders; together with the Characters of the Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Cultivated Varieties; Their Places of Growth, Time of Flowering, Mode of Culture, and Uses in Medicine and Domestic Economy; the Scientific Names Accentuated, Their Etymologies Explained, and the Classes and Orders Illustrated by Engravings, and Preceded by Introductions to the Linnæan and Natural Systems, and a Glossary of the Terms Used: The Whole Arranged according to the Natural System. [...] In Four Volumes.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} [Gilbert &amp; Rivington] for [[w:Rivington (publishers)|J. G. and F. Rivington]];{{nb...|J. and W. T. Clarke; Longman and Co.; T. Cadell; J. Richardson; Jeffery and Son; Baldwin and Cradock; J. Booker; J. Booth; Harvey and Darton; S. Bagster; Sherwood and Co.; Harding and Lepard; J. F. Setchel; Whittaker and Co.; Simpkin and Marshall; and E. Hodgson.}}|year=1838|volume=IV (Corollifloræ)|page=122|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/generalsystemofg04dong/page/122/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=|passage=''Pentándria'', ''Digynia''. All as in ''Stapèlia''; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer '''corona''' of the corolla lacerately multifid.}}
## {{lb|en|zoology}}
### ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ႁူဝ် တူဝ်သတ်း ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း တႃႇ တူင်ႉၼိုင် လႄႈ တႃႇ သုၵ်ႈပၼ် တၢင်းၵိၼ် ၶဝ်ႈၼႂ်းသူပ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert McNeill Alexander|R[obert] McNeill Alexander]]|chapter=Rotifers|title=The Invertebrates|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=1979|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYI4AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA230|isbn=978-0-521-22120-7|passage=It [''Epiphanes''] has a ciliated '''corona''' at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the '''corona''' are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them.}}
### တူဝ်ၶိင်းပိူင်လူင် ဢၼ်ၸၢမ်းတူၺ်း ဢီႇၶိၼ်ႇၼူဝ်ႇ ဢၼ်ပႃး ဢွင်ႈတီႈ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇမီး ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ လႄႈ ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ ဢၼ်မီးၼႂ်းၵႄႈ ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=D. K. Richter; R. Sedat|chapter=Brackish-water Oncoids Composed of Blue-green and Red Algae from a Pleistocene Terrace near Corinth, Greece|editor=Tadeusz M. Peryt|title=Coated Grains|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|year=1983|section=part IV (Oncoids)|page=306|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oXuCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA306|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0|isbn=978-3-642-68871-3|passage=In '''coronae''' of the sea urchin ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.10–0.13&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.03–0.05&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite{{nb...}}.}}
### ၶွပ်ႇၶူၼ်ႁူဝ် ဢၼ်မီး တူဝ်ၵၢင် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၵွၵ်း (theca) လႄႈ ၶႅၼ် ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Arthur Bather|F[rancis] A[rthur] Bather]]; J. W. Gregory; [[w:Edwin Stephen Goodrich|E[dwin] S[tephen] Goodrich]]|chapter=The Crinoidea|editor=[[w:Ray Lankester|E[dwin] Ray Lankester]]|title=A Treatise on Zoology|volume_plain=part III (The Echinoderma)|location=London|publisher=[[w:A &amp; C Black|Adam &amp; Charles Black]]|year=1900|page=99|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog03lank/page/99/mode/1up|oclc=1170291288|passage=A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” ('''''corona''''') attached by its dorsal (''i.e.'' aboral) extremity to a “stem” (''columna''), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (''radix'').}}
## {{senseid|en|virology}} {{lb|en|virology}} ၽိဝ်ၼႃႈဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၽိဝ်ၼႃႈဢၼ်လၢမ်းၶၢတ်ႈဝႆႉ ၼိူဝ်မႅင်းဝၢႆးရၢတ်ႉသ်ၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇ ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ မႅင်းဝၢႆးရၢတ်ႉသ် spike peplomers ၼၼ်ႉ ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈပဵၼ်မႃး ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈဢၼ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈဝူၼ်ႉၶိုၼ်း ၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇလႅတ်ႇၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence S. Sturman; Kenneth K. Takemoto|title=Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells|journal=w:Infection and Immunity|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322224059/https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2020|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=w:American Society for Microbiology|month=October|year=1972|volume=6|issue=4|page=501|pageurl=https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|column=1|issn=0019-9567|oclc=749232400|passage=Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a '''corona''' of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.}}
# {{lb|en|electricity}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈဢၼ်လႅင်းလႅင်း ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ လွင်ႈဢွၵ်ႇ corona ၼၼ်ႉ ၵႆႉလႆႈႁၼ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ သၢႆလႅင်းသီၶဵဝ် ၼႂ်းလူမ်း ဢၼ်တိတ်းၸပ်း ၶိူင်ႈၸၢၵ်ႈႁေႈ ဢၼ်မီးၸိၵ်းၸွမ် ဢၼ်တေႃႉသူင်ႇ ႁႅင်းၾႆးၾႃႉသုင်ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=U[lrich] Kogelschatz; Yu S. Akishev; A. P. Napartovich|chapter=History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges|editors=K. H. Becker; U[lrich] Kogelschatz; K. H. Schoenbach; R. J. Barker|title=Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure|series=Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics|location=Bristol; Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:IOP Publishing|Institute of Physics Publishing]]|year=2004|page=42|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_EVfZGi3z4C&amp;pg=PA42|isbn=978-0-7503-0962-2|passage=An appearance of a '''corona''' may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a '''corona''' arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, '''coronas''' are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.}}
# {{senseid|en|meteorology}} {{lb|en|meteorology}} တူင်ႇဝိူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တူင်ႇဝိူင်းဢၼ်ၼိူင်ႈ ဢၼ်ႁၼ်လႆႈ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ၼိူဝ်ၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၼ်ႁိူဝ်ႈလႅင်းလီ၊ ပိူင်လူင်မၼ်း လႅတ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လိူၼ်ၼၼ်ႉ မၼ်းမၵ်းမၼ်ႈဝႃႈ ပဵၼ်ၾိင်ႈပိူင်ပဵၼ် optical ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ လွင်ႈထွင်ႇသႆၢလႅင်းမၼ်း လူၺ်ႈ ၼမ်ႉယွတ်ႇဢွၼ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၼမ်ႉၶႅင်ဢွၼ်ႇဢွၼ်ႇၼႆယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Walter Stanhope Sherwill|title=Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852|journal=[[w:The Asiatic Society|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]|location=Calcutta|publisher={{...|Printed by}} J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press|year=1854|year_published=1855|volume=XXIII|issue=LXV|pages=49 and 50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49|oclc=1047491870|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49 page 49]&amp;#93; Upon this true &quot;mackarel sky&quot; was depicted one of those glorious '''coronæ''', only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA50 page 50]&amp;#93; The '''corona''' was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the '''corona'''; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Elias Loomis|chapter=Optical Meteorology|title=A Treatise on Meteorology.{{nb...|With a Collection of Meteorological Tables.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Harper (publisher)|Harper &amp; Brothers]],{{nb...|publishers, 327 to 335 Pearl Street, Franklin Square.}}|year=1868|section=section IV (Coronæ)|pages=214 and 215|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215|oclc=839842645|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA214 page 214, paragraph 423]&amp;#93; The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called '''''coronæ'''''. {{...}} In order to examine '''coronæ''' about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215 page 215, paragraph 425]&amp;#93; '''Coronæ''' are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Alfred Grossmith Mason|chapter=14 September 1942|editor=Julie Grossmith Deltrice|title=Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Maritime, [[w:Pen and Sword Books|Pen &amp; Sword Books]]|year=2013|page=55|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVsBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA55|isbn=978-1-78303-037-8|passage=The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing '''corona''', her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.}}
# {{lb|en|mineralogy}} ၼႃႈလိၼ်ထၢတ်ႈ ဢၼ်ပႃးထၢတ်ႈ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လိူဝ်ၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်လွမ်ႉႁွပ်ႈဝႆႉ ထၢတ်ႈတၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၼွၼ်းဝႆႉ တီႈၵႄႈၵၢင် ထၢတ်ႈသွင်ဢၼ် ၵမ်ႈၼမ် ပဵၼ်လွင်ႈၶပ်ႉၶိုင် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် သၢႆလႅင်း၊ ၶွပ်ႇတုမ်ႉတွပ်ႇ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Theo Kloprogge; Robert Lavinsky|chapter=Introduction: Geological Examples|title=Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism|location=Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:Elsevier|year=2017|section=figure 1.45 caption|page=67|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CqlCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|isbn=978-0-12-803674-7|passage=Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite '''coronas''' in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in '''coronas''' in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.}}
# {{lb|en|pathology}} လွင်ႈၼႄၼမ်ႉၼႄတူဝ် တၢင်းပဵၼ် ၶႆႈဝတ်းယႂ်ႇ ထူၼ်ႈသွင် ဢၼ်ပႃး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ၸွမ်းသဵၼ်ႈၶူၼ်ႁူဝ် ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ မီးလႅၼ်လိၼ် ၼိူဝ်ႉႁူဝ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၶူၼ်ႁူဝ်။
#: {{synonyms|en|corona veneris|crown of Venus}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Arbuthnot|[John Arbuthnot]]]|chapter=[The History of John Bull.] ''Jack’s'' Charms, or the Method by which He Gained ''Peg’s'' Heart.|title=The History of John Bull.{{nb...|And Poems on Several Occasions, by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miscellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. [Alexander] Pope.}}|location=London|publisher=D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson{{nb...|in the Strand.}}|year=[1750?]|section=part II|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=enVioemal1sC&amp;pg=PA60|oclc=723424047|passage=''Jack'' had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded ''Peg'' that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, ''Signiora Bubonia''. “As for his brother Lord ''Peter'', the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the '''corona'''.{{nb...}}”}}
# {{lb|en|Ancient Rome|historical}} ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်ၵူၼ်းရူဝ်းမႅၼ်းၶဝ် ပၼ် ႁႂ်ႈပဵၼ်သူးတွၼ်ႈ တႃႇႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ဢၼ်ၸႅင်ႈလႅင်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonhard Schmitz|chapter=grc:λημνίσκος&lt;t:LEMNISCUS&gt;|editor=[[w:William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &amp;#91;{{w|Samuel Bentley}}&amp;#93; for Taylor and Walton,{{nb...|28, Upper Gower Street.}}|year=1842|page=557|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1vVPbrHidAC&amp;pg=PA557|column=2|oclc=1051596824|passage=From the remark of Servius [''i.e.'', {{w|Maurus Servius Honoratus}}] (''ad Aen.'' v. 269) it appears that '''coronae''' adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence Keppie|title=Military Service in the Late Republic: The Evidence of Inscriptions and Sculpture|journal=Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies|location=Ryton, Tyne and Wear|publisher=M. C. Bishop|month=January|year=1997|volume=8|page=8|column=1|issn=0961-3684|oclc=715103087|passage=Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of '''coronae'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sara Pendergast; Tom Pendergast|editor=Sarah Hermsen|title=Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages|volume=1|location=Detroit, Mich.|publisher=UXL|year=2004|page=183|isbn=978-0-7876-5418-4|passage=Though men typically did not wear hats, they could wear a ceremonial form of headwear known as a '''corona''', or crown. Like many areas of Roman dress, there were strict rules about wearing '''coronas'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|coronal rain|coronasomnia|coronectomy|coronoapical|coronograph|coronule|corotron
|anticorona
|bicorona
|corona algebra
|corona conjecture
|coronad|corona baby
|corona discharge
|corona effect
|coronagraph
|coronagraphy
|corona method
|corona poling
|corona ring
|corona shield
|corona set
|corona theorem
|corona tube
|coronavirus
|coronite
|coronium
|E-corona
|F-corona
|geocorona
|hebesphenomegacorona
|K-corona
|multicorona
|protein corona
|solar corona
|sphenocorona
|sphenomegacorona
|tricorona
|ultracorona
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|Corona Australis
|Corona Borealis|corona seminis
|coronal
|corona glandis
|corona lucis
|corona radiata
|corona veneris
|coronary
|coronate
|coronation
|coroner
|coronet
|coroniform
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|コロナ|tr=korona|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|large, round pendent chandelier}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kattokruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|region of the skull located along the coronal suture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päälaki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|external portion of the tooth, covered by enamel|crown}}

{{trans-top-also|circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males|corona glandis penis}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|龜頭|tr=guītóu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}, {{t|fi|[[terska]]n [[alareuna]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στεφάνη|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|雁首|tr=かりくび, karikubi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|korona}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|日冕|tr=rìmiǎn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korona|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}, {{t+|hu|fényudvar}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コロナ|tr=korona}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|코로나}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|تاج|tr=tâj}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|coroa|f}}, {{t+|pt|corona|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|coroană|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|koróna|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korona|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|коро́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nhật hoa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|oval-shaped astrogeological feature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants|paraperigonium}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t|fi|lisäteriö}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|副花冠|tr=ふくかかん, fukukakan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́нчик|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|annular ciliated organ on the head of rotifers}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|main body of the test of an echinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kuori}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown of a crinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tyvi}}, {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous appearance caused by corona discharge}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rengas}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sauma}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|manifestation of secondary syphilis}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kuppakruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|蒄}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
* German: {{t+|de|Krone|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}, {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}, {{t|is|krúna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|mahkota}}, {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|corona|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|mahkota}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|taç}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|rare}} To [[surround]] with a [[luminous]] or [[crownlike]] [[ring#Noun|ring]] like the [[solar corona]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Beilby|title=Gunner: A Novel of the Retreat from Crete|location=London|publisher=[[w:Angus &amp; Robertson|Angus and Robertson]]|year=1977|page={{gbooks|ulX2f5Ao-CQC|285|coronaed}}|isbn=978-0-207-95742-0|passage=The belly dancer shimmied on to the tiny floor, all flashing eyes, black hair '''coronaed''' with winking brilliants, undulating bare flesh with tasselled breasts and a turquoise G-string and an imitation ruby in her navel: she was barefooted, wearing a massive glittering anklet which made her look very Circassian and wanton.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=39|title=[[w:Kraken (novel)|Kraken: An Anatomy]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Ballantine Books|year=2010|page=234|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1H7BVBsK9oC&amp;pg=PA234|isbn=978-0-345-49749-9|passage=He was surrounded, encauled, '''coronaed''' with whispering figures. They fleeted in and out of visibility, made of dark light. They entered his body and exited it, they faded up, they ebbed out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=In the Slopes|title=[[w:Three Moments of an Explosion|Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2015|pages=64–65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLttCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA65|isbn=978-1-4472-3500-2|passage=The creatures lay with the humans, dead islanders alongside them. They'd worked with them. Worshipped with them, the scientists said, looking anew at the shards of illustration still visible, the extraterrestrial and the human at prayer together, '''coronaed''', altar-top boxes glowing.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|coronaed|pos=adjective}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to surround with a luminous or crownlike ring like the solar corona}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympäröidä]] [[korona]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|coronavirus}}
A {{clipping|en|coronavirus|nocap=1}}, ultimately from [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|3}}|noformat=1|id=89105071|date=July 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|2}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[coronavirus]], especially [[SARS-CoV-2]].
#: {{synonyms|en|rona|q1=SARS-CoV-2, informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The recent surge of deaths due to '''corona''' reveals the shortcomings of our current healthcare system.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. Arnold|coauthors=M. Klein; J. B. Wang; W. A. K. Schmidt; H. J. Trampisch|title=Coronavirus-associated Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Infectious Mononucleosis|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509164855/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2020|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|month=January|year=1981|volume=232|issue=2|page=175|pageurl=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf#page=13|doi=10.1007/BF00505035|issn=0937-4477|oclc=849298925|passage=Similar to the way in which EBV nuclear antigens can be identified by immunofluorescence microscopy in NPC tumor cells with the EBNA test, '''corona''' antigens can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of the same patient. A possible non-specific reaction could be excluded by use of animal '''corona''' antisera.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Berkhout; Formijn van Hemert|title=On the Biased Nucleotide Composition of the Human Coronavirus RNA Genome|journal=[[w:Virus Research|Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204108/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114406/|archivedate=16 March 2021|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|date=16 April 2015|volume=202|page=46|doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.031|issn=0168-1702|oclc=67282352|pmid=25656063|passage=Although this study was restricted to the human coronaviruses, these basic properties apply to all known animal and human '''coronas''' (results not shown).}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Sankarshan Thakur|title=A mildewed life: State of play: The migrant is trapped between the home and the world|newspaper=[[w:The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510043903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-how-the-migrant-worker-is-stuck-between-the-home-and-the-world-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdown/cid/1770605|archivedate=10 May 2020|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|publisher=[[w:ABP Group|ABP]]|date=5 May 2020|oclc=271717941|passage=He collapsed at the approach to his village. The villagers would not help, not admit him anywhere in. They were spooked, he may have been carrying '''corona'''. He died, and his remains were not let in either. Doctors were called, a test was done. The cadaver tested negative.}}
# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[disease#Noun|disease]] [[cause#Verb|caused]] by a coronavirus, especially [[COVID-19]].
#: {{ux|en|She caught '''corona''' last week.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Adel F. Almutairi; Abdallah A. Adlan; Hanan H. Balkhy; Oraynab A. Abbas; Alexander M. Clark|title=‘It feels like I’m the dirtiest person in the world.’: Exploring the Experiences of Healthcare Providers who Survived MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034117301545|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|month=March–April|year=2018|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.011|page=188|column=2|issn=1876-035X|oclc=705371585|passage=The MERS outbreak in the hospital created widespread fear and panic among healthcare providers and other employees. {{...}} For example, participants’ traumatic experience is illustrated by the quote below: / ''“Neglect is pain&amp;nbsp;… prejudice is there, it hurts, also&amp;nbsp;… unbelievable human ignorance. There was one person who is in administration here, who was scared to call me because she might get '''Corona''' over the phone.”''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Nazia Parveen|title=Six-week-old baby believed to be England’s youngest coronavirus victim|editor=w:Katharine Viner|newspaper=w:The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020239/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/six-week-old-baby-is-englands-youngest-coronavirus-victim|archivedate=9 March 2021|location=London|publisher=[[w:Guardian Media Group|Guardian News &amp; Media]]|date=8 May 2020|issn=0261-3077|oclc=229952407|passage=His wife, Varda, told Geo News: “Tariq passed away in the blessed month of Ramadan in the line of duty. Even after he had developed symptoms of '''corona''' and isolated at home, he continued to do telephone clinics.”}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|corona belly
|corona blues
|corona bond
|coronaphobia
|coronasceptic
|coronoia
|rona
|corona-wise
|corona party}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|coronavirus}}
{{trans-see|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{trans-top|(''informal'') disease caused by a coronavirus}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corona|c}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|коро́на|f|id=coronavirus}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|korona|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|COVID-19}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ety|en|:bor|it:corona|text=+|tree=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|corone}}

# {{lb|en|poetry}} A [[series]] of [[sonnet]]s [[link#Verb|linked]] together such that the [[last#Adjective|last]] [[word#Noun|word]] of each is the [[first#Adjective|first]] word of the next.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Warren|title=The Sonnet. ''Morfologia del Sonetto'' nei secoli xiii e xiv. L. Biadene [''Studj di Filologia Romanza'', Fasc. 10.]|editor=A. Marshall Elliott|journal=w:Modern Language Notes|location=Baltimore, Md.|publisher=&amp;#91;{{w|Johns Hopkins University Press}}&amp;#93;|month=May|year=1889|volume=IV|column=308|columnurl=https://archive.org/details/modernlanguageno04johnuoft/page/154/mode/1up|issn=0026-7910|oclc=1201539848|passage=A favorite and most attractive combination is that of the '''''corona''''' or series of sonnets, employed to frame or develop some one theme. A list of these '''''corone''''' is given by {{smallcaps|Biadene}}, who selects and publishes from among them a series of three by {{smallcaps|{{w|Petrarch}}}}, and the famous '''corona''' of the months by {{smallcaps|[[w:Folgóre da San Gimignano|Folgore da San Gemignano]]}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Michael R. G. Spiller|title=The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies|series=Studies in Literary Themes and Genres|seriesvolume=13|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]|year=1997|page=144|isbn=978-0-8057-0970-4|passage=But the poets of Siena, and particularly the Academy of the Intronati, found the proper way of constructing '''coronas'''—since the ones mentioned above should really be called sequences ['catene'] rather than '''coronas'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=The Labyrinth of Style: Lady Mary Wroth and the Idea of [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchism]]|title=Desiring Voices: Women Sonneteers and Petrarchism|location=Carbondale; Edwardsville, Ill.|publisher=w:Southern Illinois University Press|year=2000|page=125|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Hd1WhjExMsC&amp;pg=PA125|isbn=978-0-8093-2307-4|passage=[[w:Lady Mary Wroth|[Lady Mary] Wroth]] alludes to these contexts as the '''corona''' of sonnets that crowns the sequence opens: &quot;In this strang labourinth how shall I turne?&quot; (Wroth, ''Poems'' 127).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=Robert Sidney’s Poetry|editors=Margaret P. Hannay; Mary Ellen Lamb; Michael G. Brennan|title=The Ashgate Research Companion to The Sidneys, 1500–1700|location=Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vt.|publisher=w:Ashgate Publishing|year=2015|volume=2 (Literature)|section=part VI (Poetry)|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXNxCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA250|isbn=978-1-4094-5040-5|passage=Both sets of echoes derive from the poets' first poems, and since first poems in [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchan]] sequences set stylistic, tonal, and thematic expectations, [[w:Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert [Sidney]]]'s double allusion to first poems should color readings of this, the first poem of his '''corona'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en-GB|author=Kevin Power|title=What We Can Know by Ian McEwan review – the limits of liberalism|work=The Guardian|date=2025-09-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/16/what-we-can-know-by-ian-mcewan-review-the-limits-of-liberalism|issn=0261-3077|passage=He is in search of a lost poem, the improbably named A '''Corona''' for Vivien, which Blundy wrote for his wife Vivien’s 50th birthday in 2014.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|series of linked sonnets}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|seppele}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|es|[[la|La]] [[corona|Corona]]|lit=The Crown}}, a brand of cigars from [[Havana]], [[Cuba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|entry=Corona|pos=''n.''{{sup|2}}|noformat=1|id=41772|date=December 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|3}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[long#Adjective|long]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]]-[[sided#Adjective|sided]] [[cigar]] with a [[blunt#Adjective|blunt]], [[rounded#Adjective|rounded]] [[end#Noun|end]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Samuel Birnkrant|title=Mama, Say ‘I Do’: (Formerly Titled ‘A Whisper in God’s Ear’): A Comedy in Three Acts|location=Schulenburg, Tex.|publisher=I. E. Clark Publications|year=1977|section=act I|page=22|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDz3tdujNzIC&amp;pg=PA22|isbn=978-0-88680-126-7|passage=HOWARD: ''[Entering; cheerfully]'' Got your '''coronas''', Mr. Goldman! / GOLDMAN: ''[Glumly, taking the proffered cigars]'' Thanks, Howie. ''[Puts all but one in pocket.]'' / HOWARD: Where's Ma? / GOLDMAN: ''[Indicating with cigar]'' Inside the bedroom.}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|long, straight-sided cigar with a blunt, rounded end}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|corona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|coronavirus}}
* {{pedia|stellar corona}}
* {{pedia|corona|corona (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acnoor|caroon|racoon}}

{{cln|en|genericized trademarks|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Coronaviruses|Stars|Sun|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Viruses|Plant anatomy}}</text>
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      <text bytes="44891" sha1="lh0myvif7f8il3klq6v8k93ih4cd5ch" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg
|caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}).
|image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg
|caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architecture}}) of a [[cornice]].
|image3 = Solar eclipse 1999 4 NR.jpg
|caption3 = The [[Sun]]'s corona ({{senseno|en|Sun atmosphere}}) and [[prominence]]s during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
|image4 = Artemis Corona.jpg
|caption4 = Artemis, the largest corona ({{senseno|en|astrogeological feature}}) [[identify|identified]] on the [[surface#Noun|surface]] of [[Venus]].
|image5 = A Perfect Pair Daffodills (Narcissus) - 8.jpg
|caption5 = ''[[Narcissus]]'' [[flower#Noun|flowers]] with an [[outer]] [[white#Adjective|white]] [[corolla]] and a [[central]] [[yellow#Adjective|yellow]] corona ({{senseno|en|botany}}).
|image6 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
|caption6 = An [[illustration]] of the [[morphology]] of a [[coronavirus]], with its corona ({{senseno|en|virology}}) [[form#Verb|formed]] by surface [[projection]]s ''(red)''.
|image7 = Lunarcorona.jpg
|caption7 = A [[lunar]] corona ({{senseno|en|meteorology}}) as seen from [[Minnesota]], [[United States]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹəʊ.nə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-corona.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{enPR|kə-rō'nə|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹoʊ.nə/}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɵˈronɑ/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊnə|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|co|ro|na}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|coronae|coronæ&lt;l:obsolete&gt;}}

# {ၽႆးမႆႈ ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်မူၼ်း ဢၼ်ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸတ်ႉ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶွပ်ႇမၼ်း ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် တႃႇတေ ယိပ်းဝႆႉ တဵၼ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၾႆး ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ တီႈၼိူဝ် လင်ၶႃး ၵျွင်းၽြႃးၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
# ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း တီႈတူဝ်ၶိင်းမၢင်တီႈ။
# {ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ၊ ဢၼ်ၽႅပ်ႉ၊ ၽူႈၶဝ်ႈၸုမ်းဢၼ်ဢွၵ်ႇမႃးတီႈ cornice မၼ်းပဵၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း entablature ဢၼ်မီးၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်ၽိူၼ်လႄႈ ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ cymatium။
#: {{synonyms|en|drip|larmier}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia|author=Frank Cousins; Phil M. Riley|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|year=1920|passage=The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and '''corona''' of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=John Milnes Baker|chapter=Georgian 1715–1780|title=American House Styles: A Concise Guide|location=|publisher=The Countryman Press, [[w:W. W. Norton &amp; Company|W[illiam] W[arder] Norton &amp; Company]]|year=2018|page=39|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM5kDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT70|isbn=978-1-68268-225-8|passage=Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal '''corona'''.}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}}
## {{senseid|en|Sun atmosphere}} ပဵဝ်လူမ်း plasma ဢၼ်လႅင်းလီ ၶွင်လႅတ်ႇ (solar corona) ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လၢဝ်တၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢၼ်ၶႂၢၵ်ႈဢွၵ်ႇၵႂႃႇ ၼႂ်းၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၢၼ်ႇႁူဝ်လၢၼ်ႉၵီႇလူဝ်ႇမီႇတႃႇၼၼ်ႉ တေလႆႈႁၼ်ငၢႆႈသေပိူၼ်ႈ ၽွင်းမိူဝ်ႈ လႅတ်ႇၵူၼ်ႇပင်းတင်းမူတ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Martin Schaeberle|J[ohn] M[artin] Schaeberle]]|title=A Mechanical Theory of the Solar Corona|journal=w:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|location=London|publisher={{w|Royal Astronomical Society}},{{nb...|Burlington House, W.}}|date=11 April 1890|volume=I|issue=6|page=372|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEI0AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372|issn=0035-8711|oclc=1167797923|passage=My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical '''corona''' is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Leon Golub; [[w:Jay Pasachoff|Jay M[yron] Pasachoff]]|chapter=Introduction|title=The Solar Corona|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2010|page=1|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaRH1ZxEWu4C&amp;pg=PA1|isbn=978-0-521-88201-9|passage=The '''corona''' is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space.}}
## {{senseid|en|astrogeological feature}} {{lb|en|also|geology}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလၢဝ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်ႁၢင်ႈမူၼ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ၵျူဝ်ႇ Venus လႄႈ လိူၼ် Uranus ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် Miranda ၼၼ်ႉ လႅပ်ႈတေပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ဢၼ်ဢုၼ်ႇ ဢၼ်မီးတႂ်ႈၽိဝ်ၼႃႈမၼ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Gunter Faure; Teresa M. Mensing|chapter=Uranus: What Happened Here?|title=Introduction to Planetary Science: The Geological Perspective|location=Dordrecht|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2007|page=379|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4FZp6f6q6MC&amp;pg=PA379|column=1|isbn=978-1-4020-5233-0|passage=The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the '''coronas''' suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago{{nb...}}.}}
# {ဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်မီးႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၵူၼ်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Philip Caputo|title=Horn of Africa|edition=1st Vintage Contemporaries|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|year=1980|year_published=February 2002|page=446|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_D9-4Wei4C&amp;pg=PA446|isbn=978-0-375-72511-1|passage=It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. {{...}} His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a '''corona''' of flaming debris.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lauren Wilcox|title=Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing|magazine=[[w:Oxford American|Oxford American: A Magazine of the South]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155040/https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/194-dale-hawkins|archivedate=27 October 2020|series=Southern Music Issue|seriesvolume=7|location=Oxford, Miss.|publisher=Oxford American|month=summer|year=2005|issue=50|pages=16–20|issn=1074-4525|oclc=833804612|passage=[[w:Dale Hawkins|[Dale] Hawkins]] is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a '''corona''' of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rawles Marie Lumumba|chapter=4|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=orGABwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|title=Duskfall|series=Nightshade|seriesvolume=book 1|location=&amp;#91;{{glossary|s.l.}}&amp;#93;|publisher=Takaboo Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1-941492-00-0|passage=Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his '''corona''' glowing dimly.}}
# {{senseid|en|biology}} {{lb|en|biology}} ဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်မီးႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၵူၼ်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Patrick Blair (surgeon)|[Patrick] Blair]]|chapter=The ''Osteology'' of an ''Elephant'', with a Brief Account of Its Parts|mainauthor=Baddam|title=Memoirs of the Royal Society; Being a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions:{{nb...|Giving an Account of the Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Learned and Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World; from the First Institution of that Illustrious Society in the Year 1665, to the Year of Our Lord 1735 Inclusive. The Whole Carefully Abridg’d from the Originals, and the Order of Time Regularly Observ’d, with a Translation of the Latin Tracts, and the Theoretical Parts Apply’d to Practical Uses; also an Explanation of the Terms of Art as They Occur in the Course of the Work. Being a Work of General Use to the Publick and Worthy the Perusal of All Mathematicians, Artificers, Tradesmen, &amp;c. for Their Improvement, in Various Branches of Business. [...] Illustrated with a Great Variety of Copper Plates.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} G. Smith,{{nb...|in Stanhope-street, near Clare-market}}, and sold by T[homas] Cooper,{{nb...|at the Globe in Pater-noster Row}}; and W[alter] Shropshire,{{nb...|in Old Bond-street.}}|year=1740|volume=V|pages=317 and 318|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317|oclc=960076972|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317 page 317]&amp;#93; The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; ''viz.'' two ''Condyles''{{nb...}}, two proceſſes of the '''''Corona'''''{{nb...}}, and one proceſs of the chin {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA318 page 318]&amp;#93; [T]his ''Sinus'' deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth{{nb...}}; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the '''''Coronæ''''' backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; {{...}}}}
## {{senseid|en|botany}} {{lb|en|botany}} ဝူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸုမ်းဢၼ်ၸပ်းၸွမ်း တိတ်ႉသျူး ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇမီး ၵႅၼ်မၼ်း ဢၼ်လုၵ်ႉတီႈ ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸဵင်ႇၽၢႆႇၼွၵ်ႈ ၶွင် ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢၼ်မီးဝႆႉ တီႈတူၼ်ႈမၢင်ႊၸိူဝ်း (Narcissus, Passiflora, ၸႃႉၵႂႃႇ)၊ ပရႃႇပႄႇရီႇၵူဝ်ႇၼီႇယမ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပရႃႇၵူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇလႃႇ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Don|title=A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants,{{nb...|Comprising Complete Descriptions of the Different Orders; together with the Characters of the Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Cultivated Varieties; Their Places of Growth, Time of Flowering, Mode of Culture, and Uses in Medicine and Domestic Economy; the Scientific Names Accentuated, Their Etymologies Explained, and the Classes and Orders Illustrated by Engravings, and Preceded by Introductions to the Linnæan and Natural Systems, and a Glossary of the Terms Used: The Whole Arranged according to the Natural System. [...] In Four Volumes.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} [Gilbert &amp; Rivington] for [[w:Rivington (publishers)|J. G. and F. Rivington]];{{nb...|J. and W. T. Clarke; Longman and Co.; T. Cadell; J. Richardson; Jeffery and Son; Baldwin and Cradock; J. Booker; J. Booth; Harvey and Darton; S. Bagster; Sherwood and Co.; Harding and Lepard; J. F. Setchel; Whittaker and Co.; Simpkin and Marshall; and E. Hodgson.}}|year=1838|volume=IV (Corollifloræ)|page=122|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/generalsystemofg04dong/page/122/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=|passage=''Pentándria'', ''Digynia''. All as in ''Stapèlia''; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer '''corona''' of the corolla lacerately multifid.}}
## {{lb|en|zoology}}
### ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ႁူဝ် တူဝ်သတ်း ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း တႃႇ တူင်ႉၼိုင် လႄႈ တႃႇ သုၵ်ႈပၼ် တၢင်းၵိၼ် ၶဝ်ႈၼႂ်းသူပ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert McNeill Alexander|R[obert] McNeill Alexander]]|chapter=Rotifers|title=The Invertebrates|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=1979|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYI4AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA230|isbn=978-0-521-22120-7|passage=It [''Epiphanes''] has a ciliated '''corona''' at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the '''corona''' are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them.}}
### တူဝ်ၶိင်းပိူင်လူင် ဢၼ်ၸၢမ်းတူၺ်း ဢီႇၶိၼ်ႇၼူဝ်ႇ ဢၼ်ပႃး ဢွင်ႈတီႈ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇမီး ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ လႄႈ ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ ဢၼ်မီးၼႂ်းၵႄႈ ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=D. K. Richter; R. Sedat|chapter=Brackish-water Oncoids Composed of Blue-green and Red Algae from a Pleistocene Terrace near Corinth, Greece|editor=Tadeusz M. Peryt|title=Coated Grains|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|year=1983|section=part IV (Oncoids)|page=306|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oXuCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA306|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0|isbn=978-3-642-68871-3|passage=In '''coronae''' of the sea urchin ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.10–0.13&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.03–0.05&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite{{nb...}}.}}
### ၶွပ်ႇၶူၼ်ႁူဝ် ဢၼ်မီး တူဝ်ၵၢင် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၵွၵ်း (theca) လႄႈ ၶႅၼ် ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Arthur Bather|F[rancis] A[rthur] Bather]]; J. W. Gregory; [[w:Edwin Stephen Goodrich|E[dwin] S[tephen] Goodrich]]|chapter=The Crinoidea|editor=[[w:Ray Lankester|E[dwin] Ray Lankester]]|title=A Treatise on Zoology|volume_plain=part III (The Echinoderma)|location=London|publisher=[[w:A &amp; C Black|Adam &amp; Charles Black]]|year=1900|page=99|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog03lank/page/99/mode/1up|oclc=1170291288|passage=A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” ('''''corona''''') attached by its dorsal (''i.e.'' aboral) extremity to a “stem” (''columna''), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (''radix'').}}
## {{senseid|en|virology}} {{lb|en|virology}} ၽိဝ်ၼႃႈဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၽိဝ်ၼႃႈဢၼ်လၢမ်းၶၢတ်ႈဝႆႉ ၼိူဝ်မႅင်းဝၢႆးရၢတ်ႉသ်ၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇ ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ မႅင်းဝၢႆးရၢတ်ႉသ် spike peplomers ၼၼ်ႉ ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈပဵၼ်မႃး ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈဢၼ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈဝူၼ်ႉၶိုၼ်း ၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇလႅတ်ႇၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence S. Sturman; Kenneth K. Takemoto|title=Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells|journal=w:Infection and Immunity|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322224059/https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2020|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=w:American Society for Microbiology|month=October|year=1972|volume=6|issue=4|page=501|pageurl=https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|column=1|issn=0019-9567|oclc=749232400|passage=Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a '''corona''' of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.}}
# {{lb|en|electricity}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈဢၼ်လႅင်းလႅင်း ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ လွင်ႈဢွၵ်ႇ corona ၼၼ်ႉ ၵႆႉလႆႈႁၼ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ သၢႆလႅင်းသီၶဵဝ် ၼႂ်းလူမ်း ဢၼ်တိတ်းၸပ်း ၶိူင်ႈၸၢၵ်ႈႁေႈ ဢၼ်မီးၸိၵ်းၸွမ် ဢၼ်တေႃႉသူင်ႇ ႁႅင်းၾႆးၾႃႉသုင်ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=U[lrich] Kogelschatz; Yu S. Akishev; A. P. Napartovich|chapter=History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges|editors=K. H. Becker; U[lrich] Kogelschatz; K. H. Schoenbach; R. J. Barker|title=Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure|series=Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics|location=Bristol; Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:IOP Publishing|Institute of Physics Publishing]]|year=2004|page=42|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_EVfZGi3z4C&amp;pg=PA42|isbn=978-0-7503-0962-2|passage=An appearance of a '''corona''' may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a '''corona''' arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, '''coronas''' are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.}}
# {{senseid|en|meteorology}} {{lb|en|meteorology}} တူင်ႇဝိူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တူင်ႇဝိူင်းဢၼ်ၼိူင်ႈ ဢၼ်ႁၼ်လႆႈ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ၼိူဝ်ၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၼ်ႁိူဝ်ႈလႅင်းလီ၊ ပိူင်လူင်မၼ်း လႅတ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လိူၼ်ၼၼ်ႉ မၼ်းမၵ်းမၼ်ႈဝႃႈ ပဵၼ်ၾိင်ႈပိူင်ပဵၼ် optical ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ လွင်ႈထွင်ႇသႆၢလႅင်းမၼ်း လူၺ်ႈ ၼမ်ႉယွတ်ႇဢွၼ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၼမ်ႉၶႅင်ဢွၼ်ႇဢွၼ်ႇၼႆယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Walter Stanhope Sherwill|title=Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852|journal=[[w:The Asiatic Society|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]|location=Calcutta|publisher={{...|Printed by}} J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press|year=1854|year_published=1855|volume=XXIII|issue=LXV|pages=49 and 50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49|oclc=1047491870|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49 page 49]&amp;#93; Upon this true &quot;mackarel sky&quot; was depicted one of those glorious '''coronæ''', only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA50 page 50]&amp;#93; The '''corona''' was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the '''corona'''; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Elias Loomis|chapter=Optical Meteorology|title=A Treatise on Meteorology.{{nb...|With a Collection of Meteorological Tables.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Harper (publisher)|Harper &amp; Brothers]],{{nb...|publishers, 327 to 335 Pearl Street, Franklin Square.}}|year=1868|section=section IV (Coronæ)|pages=214 and 215|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215|oclc=839842645|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA214 page 214, paragraph 423]&amp;#93; The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called '''''coronæ'''''. {{...}} In order to examine '''coronæ''' about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215 page 215, paragraph 425]&amp;#93; '''Coronæ''' are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Alfred Grossmith Mason|chapter=14 September 1942|editor=Julie Grossmith Deltrice|title=Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Maritime, [[w:Pen and Sword Books|Pen &amp; Sword Books]]|year=2013|page=55|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVsBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA55|isbn=978-1-78303-037-8|passage=The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing '''corona''', her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.}}
# {{lb|en|mineralogy}} ၼႃႈလိၼ်ထၢတ်ႈ ဢၼ်ပႃးထၢတ်ႈ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လိူဝ်ၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်လွမ်ႉႁွပ်ႈဝႆႉ ထၢတ်ႈတၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၼွၼ်းဝႆႉ တီႈၵႄႈၵၢင် ထၢတ်ႈသွင်ဢၼ် ၵမ်ႈၼမ် ပဵၼ်လွင်ႈၶပ်ႉၶိုင် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် သၢႆလႅင်း၊ ၶွပ်ႇတုမ်ႉတွပ်ႇ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Theo Kloprogge; Robert Lavinsky|chapter=Introduction: Geological Examples|title=Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism|location=Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:Elsevier|year=2017|section=figure 1.45 caption|page=67|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CqlCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|isbn=978-0-12-803674-7|passage=Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite '''coronas''' in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in '''coronas''' in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.}}
# {{lb|en|pathology}} လွင်ႈၼႄၼမ်ႉၼႄတူဝ် တၢင်းပဵၼ် ၶႆႈဝတ်းယႂ်ႇ ထူၼ်ႈသွင် ဢၼ်ပႃး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ၸွမ်းသဵၼ်ႈၶူၼ်ႁူဝ် ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ မီးလႅၼ်လိၼ် ၼိူဝ်ႉႁူဝ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၶူၼ်ႁူဝ်။
#: {{synonyms|en|corona veneris|crown of Venus}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Arbuthnot|[John Arbuthnot]]]|chapter=[The History of John Bull.] ''Jack’s'' Charms, or the Method by which He Gained ''Peg’s'' Heart.|title=The History of John Bull.{{nb...|And Poems on Several Occasions, by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miscellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. [Alexander] Pope.}}|location=London|publisher=D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson{{nb...|in the Strand.}}|year=[1750?]|section=part II|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=enVioemal1sC&amp;pg=PA60|oclc=723424047|passage=''Jack'' had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded ''Peg'' that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, ''Signiora Bubonia''. “As for his brother Lord ''Peter'', the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the '''corona'''.{{nb...}}”}}
# {{lb|en|Ancient Rome|historical}} ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်ၵူၼ်းရူဝ်းမႅၼ်းၶဝ် ပၼ် ႁႂ်ႈပဵၼ်သူးတွၼ်ႈ တႃႇႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ဢၼ်ၸႅင်ႈလႅင်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonhard Schmitz|chapter=grc:λημνίσκος&lt;t:LEMNISCUS&gt;|editor=[[w:William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &amp;#91;{{w|Samuel Bentley}}&amp;#93; for Taylor and Walton,{{nb...|28, Upper Gower Street.}}|year=1842|page=557|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1vVPbrHidAC&amp;pg=PA557|column=2|oclc=1051596824|passage=From the remark of Servius [''i.e.'', {{w|Maurus Servius Honoratus}}] (''ad Aen.'' v. 269) it appears that '''coronae''' adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence Keppie|title=Military Service in the Late Republic: The Evidence of Inscriptions and Sculpture|journal=Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies|location=Ryton, Tyne and Wear|publisher=M. C. Bishop|month=January|year=1997|volume=8|page=8|column=1|issn=0961-3684|oclc=715103087|passage=Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of '''coronae'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sara Pendergast; Tom Pendergast|editor=Sarah Hermsen|title=Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages|volume=1|location=Detroit, Mich.|publisher=UXL|year=2004|page=183|isbn=978-0-7876-5418-4|passage=Though men typically did not wear hats, they could wear a ceremonial form of headwear known as a '''corona''', or crown. Like many areas of Roman dress, there were strict rules about wearing '''coronas'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|coronal rain|coronasomnia|coronectomy|coronoapical|coronograph|coronule|corotron
|anticorona
|bicorona
|corona algebra
|corona conjecture
|coronad|corona baby
|corona discharge
|corona effect
|coronagraph
|coronagraphy
|corona method
|corona poling
|corona ring
|corona shield
|corona set
|corona theorem
|corona tube
|coronavirus
|coronite
|coronium
|E-corona
|F-corona
|geocorona
|hebesphenomegacorona
|K-corona
|multicorona
|protein corona
|solar corona
|sphenocorona
|sphenomegacorona
|tricorona
|ultracorona
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|Corona Australis
|Corona Borealis|corona seminis
|coronal
|corona glandis
|corona lucis
|corona radiata
|corona veneris
|coronary
|coronate
|coronation
|coroner
|coronet
|coroniform
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|コロナ|tr=korona|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|large, round pendent chandelier}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kattokruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|region of the skull located along the coronal suture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päälaki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|external portion of the tooth, covered by enamel|crown}}

{{trans-top-also|circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males|corona glandis penis}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|龜頭|tr=guītóu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}, {{t|fi|[[terska]]n [[alareuna]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στεφάνη|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|雁首|tr=かりくび, karikubi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|korona}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|日冕|tr=rìmiǎn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korona|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}, {{t+|hu|fényudvar}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コロナ|tr=korona}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|코로나}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|تاج|tr=tâj}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|coroa|f}}, {{t+|pt|corona|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|coroană|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|koróna|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korona|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|коро́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nhật hoa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|oval-shaped astrogeological feature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants|paraperigonium}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t|fi|lisäteriö}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|副花冠|tr=ふくかかん, fukukakan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́нчик|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|annular ciliated organ on the head of rotifers}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|main body of the test of an echinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kuori}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown of a crinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tyvi}}, {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous appearance caused by corona discharge}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rengas}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sauma}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|manifestation of secondary syphilis}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kuppakruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|蒄}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
* German: {{t+|de|Krone|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}, {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}, {{t|is|krúna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|mahkota}}, {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|corona|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|mahkota}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|taç}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|rare}} တႃႇတေလွမ်ႉႁွပ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်းဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၶွပ်ႇလႅတ်ႇ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Beilby|title=Gunner: A Novel of the Retreat from Crete|location=London|publisher=[[w:Angus &amp; Robertson|Angus and Robertson]]|year=1977|page={{gbooks|ulX2f5Ao-CQC|285|coronaed}}|isbn=978-0-207-95742-0|passage=The belly dancer shimmied on to the tiny floor, all flashing eyes, black hair '''coronaed''' with winking brilliants, undulating bare flesh with tasselled breasts and a turquoise G-string and an imitation ruby in her navel: she was barefooted, wearing a massive glittering anklet which made her look very Circassian and wanton.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=39|title=[[w:Kraken (novel)|Kraken: An Anatomy]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Ballantine Books|year=2010|page=234|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1H7BVBsK9oC&amp;pg=PA234|isbn=978-0-345-49749-9|passage=He was surrounded, encauled, '''coronaed''' with whispering figures. They fleeted in and out of visibility, made of dark light. They entered his body and exited it, they faded up, they ebbed out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=In the Slopes|title=[[w:Three Moments of an Explosion|Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2015|pages=64–65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLttCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA65|isbn=978-1-4472-3500-2|passage=The creatures lay with the humans, dead islanders alongside them. They'd worked with them. Worshipped with them, the scientists said, looking anew at the shards of illustration still visible, the extraterrestrial and the human at prayer together, '''coronaed''', altar-top boxes glowing.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|coronaed|pos=adjective}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to surround with a luminous or crownlike ring like the solar corona}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympäröidä]] [[korona]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|coronavirus}}
A {{clipping|en|coronavirus|nocap=1}}, ultimately from [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|3}}|noformat=1|id=89105071|date=July 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|2}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[coronavirus]], especially [[SARS-CoV-2]].
#: {{synonyms|en|rona|q1=SARS-CoV-2, informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The recent surge of deaths due to '''corona''' reveals the shortcomings of our current healthcare system.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. Arnold|coauthors=M. Klein; J. B. Wang; W. A. K. Schmidt; H. J. Trampisch|title=Coronavirus-associated Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Infectious Mononucleosis|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509164855/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2020|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|month=January|year=1981|volume=232|issue=2|page=175|pageurl=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf#page=13|doi=10.1007/BF00505035|issn=0937-4477|oclc=849298925|passage=Similar to the way in which EBV nuclear antigens can be identified by immunofluorescence microscopy in NPC tumor cells with the EBNA test, '''corona''' antigens can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of the same patient. A possible non-specific reaction could be excluded by use of animal '''corona''' antisera.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Berkhout; Formijn van Hemert|title=On the Biased Nucleotide Composition of the Human Coronavirus RNA Genome|journal=[[w:Virus Research|Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204108/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114406/|archivedate=16 March 2021|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|date=16 April 2015|volume=202|page=46|doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.031|issn=0168-1702|oclc=67282352|pmid=25656063|passage=Although this study was restricted to the human coronaviruses, these basic properties apply to all known animal and human '''coronas''' (results not shown).}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Sankarshan Thakur|title=A mildewed life: State of play: The migrant is trapped between the home and the world|newspaper=[[w:The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510043903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-how-the-migrant-worker-is-stuck-between-the-home-and-the-world-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdown/cid/1770605|archivedate=10 May 2020|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|publisher=[[w:ABP Group|ABP]]|date=5 May 2020|oclc=271717941|passage=He collapsed at the approach to his village. The villagers would not help, not admit him anywhere in. They were spooked, he may have been carrying '''corona'''. He died, and his remains were not let in either. Doctors were called, a test was done. The cadaver tested negative.}}
# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[disease#Noun|disease]] [[cause#Verb|caused]] by a coronavirus, especially [[COVID-19]].
#: {{ux|en|She caught '''corona''' last week.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Adel F. Almutairi; Abdallah A. Adlan; Hanan H. Balkhy; Oraynab A. Abbas; Alexander M. Clark|title=‘It feels like I’m the dirtiest person in the world.’: Exploring the Experiences of Healthcare Providers who Survived MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034117301545|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|month=March–April|year=2018|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.011|page=188|column=2|issn=1876-035X|oclc=705371585|passage=The MERS outbreak in the hospital created widespread fear and panic among healthcare providers and other employees. {{...}} For example, participants’ traumatic experience is illustrated by the quote below: / ''“Neglect is pain&amp;nbsp;… prejudice is there, it hurts, also&amp;nbsp;… unbelievable human ignorance. There was one person who is in administration here, who was scared to call me because she might get '''Corona''' over the phone.”''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Nazia Parveen|title=Six-week-old baby believed to be England’s youngest coronavirus victim|editor=w:Katharine Viner|newspaper=w:The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020239/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/six-week-old-baby-is-englands-youngest-coronavirus-victim|archivedate=9 March 2021|location=London|publisher=[[w:Guardian Media Group|Guardian News &amp; Media]]|date=8 May 2020|issn=0261-3077|oclc=229952407|passage=His wife, Varda, told Geo News: “Tariq passed away in the blessed month of Ramadan in the line of duty. Even after he had developed symptoms of '''corona''' and isolated at home, he continued to do telephone clinics.”}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|corona belly
|corona blues
|corona bond
|coronaphobia
|coronasceptic
|coronoia
|rona
|corona-wise
|corona party}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|coronavirus}}
{{trans-see|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{trans-top|(''informal'') disease caused by a coronavirus}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corona|c}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|коро́на|f|id=coronavirus}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|korona|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|COVID-19}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ety|en|:bor|it:corona|text=+|tree=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|corone}}

# {{lb|en|poetry}} A [[series]] of [[sonnet]]s [[link#Verb|linked]] together such that the [[last#Adjective|last]] [[word#Noun|word]] of each is the [[first#Adjective|first]] word of the next.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Warren|title=The Sonnet. ''Morfologia del Sonetto'' nei secoli xiii e xiv. L. Biadene [''Studj di Filologia Romanza'', Fasc. 10.]|editor=A. Marshall Elliott|journal=w:Modern Language Notes|location=Baltimore, Md.|publisher=&amp;#91;{{w|Johns Hopkins University Press}}&amp;#93;|month=May|year=1889|volume=IV|column=308|columnurl=https://archive.org/details/modernlanguageno04johnuoft/page/154/mode/1up|issn=0026-7910|oclc=1201539848|passage=A favorite and most attractive combination is that of the '''''corona''''' or series of sonnets, employed to frame or develop some one theme. A list of these '''''corone''''' is given by {{smallcaps|Biadene}}, who selects and publishes from among them a series of three by {{smallcaps|{{w|Petrarch}}}}, and the famous '''corona''' of the months by {{smallcaps|[[w:Folgóre da San Gimignano|Folgore da San Gemignano]]}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Michael R. G. Spiller|title=The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies|series=Studies in Literary Themes and Genres|seriesvolume=13|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]|year=1997|page=144|isbn=978-0-8057-0970-4|passage=But the poets of Siena, and particularly the Academy of the Intronati, found the proper way of constructing '''coronas'''—since the ones mentioned above should really be called sequences ['catene'] rather than '''coronas'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=The Labyrinth of Style: Lady Mary Wroth and the Idea of [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchism]]|title=Desiring Voices: Women Sonneteers and Petrarchism|location=Carbondale; Edwardsville, Ill.|publisher=w:Southern Illinois University Press|year=2000|page=125|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Hd1WhjExMsC&amp;pg=PA125|isbn=978-0-8093-2307-4|passage=[[w:Lady Mary Wroth|[Lady Mary] Wroth]] alludes to these contexts as the '''corona''' of sonnets that crowns the sequence opens: &quot;In this strang labourinth how shall I turne?&quot; (Wroth, ''Poems'' 127).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=Robert Sidney’s Poetry|editors=Margaret P. Hannay; Mary Ellen Lamb; Michael G. Brennan|title=The Ashgate Research Companion to The Sidneys, 1500–1700|location=Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vt.|publisher=w:Ashgate Publishing|year=2015|volume=2 (Literature)|section=part VI (Poetry)|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXNxCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA250|isbn=978-1-4094-5040-5|passage=Both sets of echoes derive from the poets' first poems, and since first poems in [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchan]] sequences set stylistic, tonal, and thematic expectations, [[w:Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert [Sidney]]]'s double allusion to first poems should color readings of this, the first poem of his '''corona'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en-GB|author=Kevin Power|title=What We Can Know by Ian McEwan review – the limits of liberalism|work=The Guardian|date=2025-09-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/16/what-we-can-know-by-ian-mcewan-review-the-limits-of-liberalism|issn=0261-3077|passage=He is in search of a lost poem, the improbably named A '''Corona''' for Vivien, which Blundy wrote for his wife Vivien’s 50th birthday in 2014.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|series of linked sonnets}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|seppele}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|es|[[la|La]] [[corona|Corona]]|lit=The Crown}}, a brand of cigars from [[Havana]], [[Cuba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|entry=Corona|pos=''n.''{{sup|2}}|noformat=1|id=41772|date=December 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|3}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[long#Adjective|long]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]]-[[sided#Adjective|sided]] [[cigar]] with a [[blunt#Adjective|blunt]], [[rounded#Adjective|rounded]] [[end#Noun|end]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Samuel Birnkrant|title=Mama, Say ‘I Do’: (Formerly Titled ‘A Whisper in God’s Ear’): A Comedy in Three Acts|location=Schulenburg, Tex.|publisher=I. E. Clark Publications|year=1977|section=act I|page=22|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDz3tdujNzIC&amp;pg=PA22|isbn=978-0-88680-126-7|passage=HOWARD: ''[Entering; cheerfully]'' Got your '''coronas''', Mr. Goldman! / GOLDMAN: ''[Glumly, taking the proffered cigars]'' Thanks, Howie. ''[Puts all but one in pocket.]'' / HOWARD: Where's Ma? / GOLDMAN: ''[Indicating with cigar]'' Inside the bedroom.}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|long, straight-sided cigar with a blunt, rounded end}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|corona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|coronavirus}}
* {{pedia|stellar corona}}
* {{pedia|corona|corona (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acnoor|caroon|racoon}}

{{cln|en|genericized trademarks|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Coronaviruses|Stars|Sun|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Viruses|Plant anatomy}}</text>
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      <text bytes="45187" sha1="gh9yg2c5ef2xhmyxxp9aq105d7059mq" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Lampadario del barbarossa, 1165 ca. 07.jpg
|caption1 = The {{w|Barbarossa Chandelier}} in {{w|Aachen Cathedral}}, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]], an example of a corona ({{senseno|en|chandelier}}).
|image2=Entablature-american-vignola.svg
|caption2=The corona ({{senseno|en|architecture}}) of a [[cornice]].
|image3 = Solar eclipse 1999 4 NR.jpg
|caption3 = The [[Sun]]'s corona ({{senseno|en|Sun atmosphere}}) and [[prominence]]s during a [[total eclipse|total]] [[solar eclipse]].
|image4 = Artemis Corona.jpg
|caption4 = Artemis, the largest corona ({{senseno|en|astrogeological feature}}) [[identify|identified]] on the [[surface#Noun|surface]] of [[Venus]].
|image5 = A Perfect Pair Daffodills (Narcissus) - 8.jpg
|caption5 = ''[[Narcissus]]'' [[flower#Noun|flowers]] with an [[outer]] [[white#Adjective|white]] [[corolla]] and a [[central]] [[yellow#Adjective|yellow]] corona ({{senseno|en|botany}}).
|image6 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
|caption6 = An [[illustration]] of the [[morphology]] of a [[coronavirus]], with its corona ({{senseno|en|virology}}) [[form#Verb|formed]] by surface [[projection]]s ''(red)''.
|image7 = Lunarcorona.jpg
|caption7 = A [[lunar]] corona ({{senseno|en|meteorology}}) as seen from [[Minnesota]], [[United States]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹəʊ.nə/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-corona.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{enPR|kə-rō'nə|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/kəˈɹoʊ.nə/}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɵˈronɑ/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊnə|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|co|ro|na}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|coronae|coronæ&lt;l:obsolete&gt;}}

# {ၽႆးမႆႈ ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်မူၼ်း ဢၼ်ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸတ်ႉ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶွပ်ႇမၼ်း ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် တႃႇတေ ယိပ်းဝႆႉ တဵၼ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၾႆး ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ ႁွႆႈဝႆႉ တီႈၼိူဝ် လင်ၶႃး ၵျွင်းၽြႃးၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
# ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပွတ်းတွၼ်ႈဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း တီႈတူဝ်ၶိင်းမၢင်တီႈ။
# {ဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ၊ ဢၼ်ၽႅပ်ႉ၊ ၽူႈၶဝ်ႈၸုမ်းဢၼ်ဢွၵ်ႇမႃးတီႈ cornice မၼ်းပဵၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း entablature ဢၼ်မီးၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်ၽိူၼ်လႄႈ ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ cymatium။
#: {{synonyms|en|drip|larmier}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia|author=Frank Cousins; Phil M. Riley|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown, and Company|year=1920|passage=The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and '''corona''' of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=John Milnes Baker|chapter=Georgian 1715–1780|title=American House Styles: A Concise Guide|location=|publisher=The Countryman Press, [[w:W. W. Norton &amp; Company|W[illiam] W[arder] Norton &amp; Company]]|year=2018|page=39|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM5kDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT70|isbn=978-1-68268-225-8|passage=Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal '''corona'''.}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}}
## {{senseid|en|Sun atmosphere}} ပဵဝ်လူမ်း plasma ဢၼ်လႅင်းလီ ၶွင်လႅတ်ႇ (solar corona) ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လၢဝ်တၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢၼ်ၶႂၢၵ်ႈဢွၵ်ႇၵႂႃႇ ၼႂ်းၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၢၼ်ႇႁူဝ်လၢၼ်ႉၵီႇလူဝ်ႇမီႇတႃႇၼၼ်ႉ တေလႆႈႁၼ်ငၢႆႈသေပိူၼ်ႈ ၽွင်းမိူဝ်ႈ လႅတ်ႇၵူၼ်ႇပင်းတင်းမူတ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Martin Schaeberle|J[ohn] M[artin] Schaeberle]]|title=A Mechanical Theory of the Solar Corona|journal=w:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|location=London|publisher={{w|Royal Astronomical Society}},{{nb...|Burlington House, W.}}|date=11 April 1890|volume=I|issue=6|page=372|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEI0AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA372|issn=0035-8711|oclc=1167797923|passage=My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical '''corona''' is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Leon Golub; [[w:Jay Pasachoff|Jay M[yron] Pasachoff]]|chapter=Introduction|title=The Solar Corona|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=2010|page=1|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaRH1ZxEWu4C&amp;pg=PA1|isbn=978-0-521-88201-9|passage=The '''corona''' is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space.}}
## {{senseid|en|astrogeological feature}} {{lb|en|also|geology}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလၢဝ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်ႁၢင်ႈမူၼ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ၵျူဝ်ႇ Venus လႄႈ လိူၼ် Uranus ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် Miranda ၼၼ်ႉ လႅပ်ႈတေပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ဢၼ်ဢုၼ်ႇ ဢၼ်မီးတႂ်ႈၽိဝ်ၼႃႈမၼ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Gunter Faure; Teresa M. Mensing|chapter=Uranus: What Happened Here?|title=Introduction to Planetary Science: The Geological Perspective|location=Dordrecht|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2007|page=379|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4FZp6f6q6MC&amp;pg=PA379|column=1|isbn=978-1-4020-5233-0|passage=The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the '''coronas''' suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago{{nb...}}.}}
# {ဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်မီးႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၵူၼ်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Philip Caputo|title=Horn of Africa|edition=1st Vintage Contemporaries|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Vintage Books|year=1980|year_published=February 2002|page=446|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_D9-4Wei4C&amp;pg=PA446|isbn=978-0-375-72511-1|passage=It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. {{...}} His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a '''corona''' of flaming debris.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lauren Wilcox|title=Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing|magazine=[[w:Oxford American|Oxford American: A Magazine of the South]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027155040/https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/194-dale-hawkins|archivedate=27 October 2020|series=Southern Music Issue|seriesvolume=7|location=Oxford, Miss.|publisher=Oxford American|month=summer|year=2005|issue=50|pages=16–20|issn=1074-4525|oclc=833804612|passage=[[w:Dale Hawkins|[Dale] Hawkins]] is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a '''corona''' of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Rawles Marie Lumumba|chapter=4|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=orGABwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT25|title=Duskfall|series=Nightshade|seriesvolume=book 1|location=&amp;#91;{{glossary|s.l.}}&amp;#93;|publisher=Takaboo Books|year=2015|isbn=978-1-941492-00-0|passage=Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his '''corona''' glowing dimly.}}
# {{senseid|en|biology}} {{lb|en|biology}} ဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်မီးႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၵူၼ်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Patrick Blair (surgeon)|[Patrick] Blair]]|chapter=The ''Osteology'' of an ''Elephant'', with a Brief Account of Its Parts|mainauthor=Baddam|title=Memoirs of the Royal Society; Being a New Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions:{{nb...|Giving an Account of the Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Learned and Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World; from the First Institution of that Illustrious Society in the Year 1665, to the Year of Our Lord 1735 Inclusive. The Whole Carefully Abridg’d from the Originals, and the Order of Time Regularly Observ’d, with a Translation of the Latin Tracts, and the Theoretical Parts Apply’d to Practical Uses; also an Explanation of the Terms of Art as They Occur in the Course of the Work. Being a Work of General Use to the Publick and Worthy the Perusal of All Mathematicians, Artificers, Tradesmen, &amp;c. for Their Improvement, in Various Branches of Business. [...] Illustrated with a Great Variety of Copper Plates.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} G. Smith,{{nb...|in Stanhope-street, near Clare-market}}, and sold by T[homas] Cooper,{{nb...|at the Globe in Pater-noster Row}}; and W[alter] Shropshire,{{nb...|in Old Bond-street.}}|year=1740|volume=V|pages=317 and 318|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317|oclc=960076972|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA317 page 317]&amp;#93; The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; ''viz.'' two ''Condyles''{{nb...}}, two proceſſes of the '''''Corona'''''{{nb...}}, and one proceſs of the chin {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9F8TAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA318 page 318]&amp;#93; [T]his ''Sinus'' deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth{{nb...}}; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the '''''Coronæ''''' backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; {{...}}}}
## {{senseid|en|botany}} {{lb|en|botany}} ဝူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸုမ်းဢၼ်ၸပ်းၸွမ်း တိတ်ႉသျူး ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇမီး ၵႅၼ်မၼ်း ဢၼ်လုၵ်ႉတီႈ ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸဵင်ႇၽၢႆႇၼွၵ်ႈ ၶွင် ၵွၼ်ႈသီ ဢၼ်မီးဝႆႉ တီႈတူၼ်ႈမၢင်ႊၸိူဝ်း (Narcissus, Passiflora, ၸႃႉၵႂႃႇ)၊ ပရႃႇပႄႇရီႇၵူဝ်ႇၼီႇယမ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ပရႃႇၵူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇလႃႇ။
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Don|title=A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants,{{nb...|Comprising Complete Descriptions of the Different Orders; together with the Characters of the Genera and Species, and an Enumeration of the Cultivated Varieties; Their Places of Growth, Time of Flowering, Mode of Culture, and Uses in Medicine and Domestic Economy; the Scientific Names Accentuated, Their Etymologies Explained, and the Classes and Orders Illustrated by Engravings, and Preceded by Introductions to the Linnæan and Natural Systems, and a Glossary of the Terms Used: The Whole Arranged according to the Natural System. [...] In Four Volumes.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} [Gilbert &amp; Rivington] for [[w:Rivington (publishers)|J. G. and F. Rivington]];{{nb...|J. and W. T. Clarke; Longman and Co.; T. Cadell; J. Richardson; Jeffery and Son; Baldwin and Cradock; J. Booker; J. Booth; Harvey and Darton; S. Bagster; Sherwood and Co.; Harding and Lepard; J. F. Setchel; Whittaker and Co.; Simpkin and Marshall; and E. Hodgson.}}|year=1838|volume=IV (Corollifloræ)|page=122|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/generalsystemofg04dong/page/122/mode/1up|column=2|oclc=|passage=''Pentándria'', ''Digynia''. All as in ''Stapèlia''; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer '''corona''' of the corolla lacerately multifid.}}
## {{lb|en|zoology}}
### ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ ႁူဝ် တူဝ်သတ်း ဢၼ်မီး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း တႃႇ တူင်ႉၼိုင် လႄႈ တႃႇ သုၵ်ႈပၼ် တၢင်းၵိၼ် ၶဝ်ႈၼႂ်းသူပ်းၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert McNeill Alexander|R[obert] McNeill Alexander]]|chapter=Rotifers|title=The Invertebrates|location=Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year=1979|page=230|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYI4AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA230|isbn=978-0-521-22120-7|passage=It [''Epiphanes''] has a ciliated '''corona''' at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the '''corona''' are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them.}}
### တူဝ်ၶိင်းပိူင်လူင် ဢၼ်ၸၢမ်းတူၺ်း ဢီႇၶိၼ်ႇၼူဝ်ႇ ဢၼ်ပႃး ဢွင်ႈတီႈ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇမီး ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ လႄႈ ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ ဢၼ်မီးၼႂ်းၵႄႈ ဢွၵ်းဢေႃ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=D. K. Richter; R. Sedat|chapter=Brackish-water Oncoids Composed of Blue-green and Red Algae from a Pleistocene Terrace near Corinth, Greece|editor=Tadeusz M. Peryt|title=Coated Grains|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|year=1983|section=part IV (Oncoids)|page=306|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oXuCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA306|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0|isbn=978-3-642-68871-3|passage=In '''coronae''' of the sea urchin ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.10–0.13&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.03–0.05&lt;/sub&gt;-calcite{{nb...}}.}}
### ၶွပ်ႇၶူၼ်ႁူဝ် ဢၼ်မီး တူဝ်ၵၢင် ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၵွၵ်း (theca) လႄႈ ၶႅၼ် ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
###* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Francis Arthur Bather|F[rancis] A[rthur] Bather]]; J. W. Gregory; [[w:Edwin Stephen Goodrich|E[dwin] S[tephen] Goodrich]]|chapter=The Crinoidea|editor=[[w:Ray Lankester|E[dwin] Ray Lankester]]|title=A Treatise on Zoology|volume_plain=part III (The Echinoderma)|location=London|publisher=[[w:A &amp; C Black|Adam &amp; Charles Black]]|year=1900|page=99|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/treatiseonzoolog03lank/page/99/mode/1up|oclc=1170291288|passage=A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” ('''''corona''''') attached by its dorsal (''i.e.'' aboral) extremity to a “stem” (''columna''), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (''radix'').}}
## {{senseid|en|virology}} {{lb|en|virology}} ၽိဝ်ၼႃႈဢၼ်ယႂ်ႇ ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၽိဝ်ၼႃႈဢၼ်လၢမ်းၶၢတ်ႈဝႆႉ ၼိူဝ်မႅင်းဝၢႆးရၢတ်ႉသ်ၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇ ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ မႅင်းဝၢႆးရၢတ်ႉသ် spike peplomers ၼၼ်ႉ ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈပဵၼ်မႃး ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈဢၼ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈဝူၼ်ႉၶိုၼ်း ၶူဝ်ႇရူဝ်ႇၼႃႇလႅတ်ႇၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence S. Sturman; Kenneth K. Takemoto|title=Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells|journal=w:Infection and Immunity|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322224059/https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2020|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=w:American Society for Microbiology|month=October|year=1972|volume=6|issue=4|page=501|pageurl=https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/6/4/501.full.pdf|column=1|issn=0019-9567|oclc=749232400|passage=Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a '''corona''' of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.}}
# {{lb|en|electricity}} ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈဢၼ်လႅင်းလႅင်း ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ လွင်ႈဢွၵ်ႇ corona ၼၼ်ႉ ၵႆႉလႆႈႁၼ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ သၢႆလႅင်းသီၶဵဝ် ၼႂ်းလူမ်း ဢၼ်တိတ်းၸပ်း ၶိူင်ႈၸၢၵ်ႈႁေႈ ဢၼ်မီးၸိၵ်းၸွမ် ဢၼ်တေႃႉသူင်ႇ ႁႅင်းၾႆးၾႃႉသုင်ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=U[lrich] Kogelschatz; Yu S. Akishev; A. P. Napartovich|chapter=History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges|editors=K. H. Becker; U[lrich] Kogelschatz; K. H. Schoenbach; R. J. Barker|title=Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure|series=Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics|location=Bristol; Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:IOP Publishing|Institute of Physics Publishing]]|year=2004|page=42|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_EVfZGi3z4C&amp;pg=PA42|isbn=978-0-7503-0962-2|passage=An appearance of a '''corona''' may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a '''corona''' arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, '''coronas''' are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.}}
# {{senseid|en|meteorology}} {{lb|en|meteorology}} တူင်ႇဝိူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တူင်ႇဝိူင်းဢၼ်ၼိူင်ႈ ဢၼ်ႁၼ်လႆႈ ႁိမ်းႁွမ်း ၶူဝ်းၶွင်ၼိူဝ်ၵၢင်ႁၢဝ် ဢၼ်ႁိူဝ်ႈလႅင်းလီ၊ ပိူင်လူင်မၼ်း လႅတ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လိူၼ်ၼၼ်ႉ မၼ်းမၵ်းမၼ်ႈဝႃႈ ပဵၼ်ၾိင်ႈပိူင်ပဵၼ် optical ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ လွင်ႈထွင်ႇသႆၢလႅင်းမၼ်း လူၺ်ႈ ၼမ်ႉယွတ်ႇဢွၼ်ႇ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၼမ်ႉၶႅင်ဢွၼ်ႇဢွၼ်ႇၼႆယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Walter Stanhope Sherwill|title=Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852|journal=[[w:The Asiatic Society|Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]|location=Calcutta|publisher={{...|Printed by}} J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press|year=1854|year_published=1855|volume=XXIII|issue=LXV|pages=49 and 50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49|oclc=1047491870|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA49 page 49]&amp;#93; Upon this true &quot;mackarel sky&quot; was depicted one of those glorious '''coronæ''', only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=RhboPfYELMsC&amp;pg=PA50 page 50]&amp;#93; The '''corona''' was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the '''corona'''; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Elias Loomis|chapter=Optical Meteorology|title=A Treatise on Meteorology.{{nb...|With a Collection of Meteorological Tables.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Harper (publisher)|Harper &amp; Brothers]],{{nb...|publishers, 327 to 335 Pearl Street, Franklin Square.}}|year=1868|section=section IV (Coronæ)|pages=214 and 215|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215|oclc=839842645|passage=&amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA214 page 214, paragraph 423]&amp;#93; The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called '''''coronæ'''''. {{...}} In order to examine '''coronæ''' about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. {{...}} &amp;#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpDAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA215 page 215, paragraph 425]&amp;#93; '''Coronæ''' are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Alfred Grossmith Mason|chapter=14 September 1942|editor=Julie Grossmith Deltrice|title=Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Maritime, [[w:Pen and Sword Books|Pen &amp; Sword Books]]|year=2013|page=55|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVsBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA55|isbn=978-1-78303-037-8|passage=The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing '''corona''', her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.}}
# {{lb|en|mineralogy}} ၼႃႈလိၼ်ထၢတ်ႈ ဢၼ်ပႃးထၢတ်ႈ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် လိူဝ်ၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်လွမ်ႉႁွပ်ႈဝႆႉ ထၢတ်ႈတၢင်ႇဢၼ် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၼွၼ်းဝႆႉ တီႈၵႄႈၵၢင် ထၢတ်ႈသွင်ဢၼ် ၵမ်ႈၼမ် ပဵၼ်လွင်ႈၶပ်ႉၶိုင် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် သၢႆလႅင်း၊ ၶွပ်ႇတုမ်ႉတွပ်ႇ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. Theo Kloprogge; Robert Lavinsky|chapter=Introduction: Geological Examples|title=Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism|location=Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxfordshire|publisher=w:Elsevier|year=2017|section=figure 1.45 caption|page=67|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CqlCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|isbn=978-0-12-803674-7|passage=Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite '''coronas''' in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in '''coronas''' in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.}}
# {{lb|en|pathology}} လွင်ႈၼႄၼမ်ႉၼႄတူဝ် တၢင်းပဵၼ် ၶႆႈဝတ်းယႂ်ႇ ထူၼ်ႈသွင် ဢၼ်ပႃး ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ဢၼ်ပဵၼ် ႁွႆးၸဵပ်း ၸွမ်းသဵၼ်ႈၶူၼ်ႁူဝ် ဢၼ်ၵႆႉ မီးလႅၼ်လိၼ် ၼိူဝ်ႉႁူဝ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၶူၼ်ႁူဝ်။
#: {{synonyms|en|corona veneris|crown of Venus}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Arbuthnot|[John Arbuthnot]]]|chapter=[The History of John Bull.] ''Jack’s'' Charms, or the Method by which He Gained ''Peg’s'' Heart.|title=The History of John Bull.{{nb...|And Poems on Several Occasions, by Dr. Jonathan Swift, with Several Miscellaneous Pieces, by Dr. Swift and Mr. [Alexander] Pope.}}|location=London|publisher=D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson{{nb...|in the Strand.}}|year=[1750?]|section=part II|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=enVioemal1sC&amp;pg=PA60|oclc=723424047|passage=''Jack'' had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded ''Peg'' that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, ''Signiora Bubonia''. “As for his brother Lord ''Peter'', the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the '''corona'''.{{nb...}}”}}
# {{lb|en|Ancient Rome|historical}} ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း ဢၼ်ၵူၼ်းရူဝ်းမႅၼ်းၶဝ် ပၼ် ႁႂ်ႈပဵၼ်သူးတွၼ်ႈ တႃႇႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ဢၼ်ၸႅင်ႈလႅင်း။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonhard Schmitz|chapter=grc:λημνίσκος&lt;t:LEMNISCUS&gt;|editor=[[w:William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]|title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed [by]}} &amp;#91;{{w|Samuel Bentley}}&amp;#93; for Taylor and Walton,{{nb...|28, Upper Gower Street.}}|year=1842|page=557|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1vVPbrHidAC&amp;pg=PA557|column=2|oclc=1051596824|passage=From the remark of Servius [''i.e.'', {{w|Maurus Servius Honoratus}}] (''ad Aen.'' v. 269) it appears that '''coronae''' adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Lawrence Keppie|title=Military Service in the Late Republic: The Evidence of Inscriptions and Sculpture|journal=Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies|location=Ryton, Tyne and Wear|publisher=M. C. Bishop|month=January|year=1997|volume=8|page=8|column=1|issn=0961-3684|oclc=715103087|passage=Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of '''coronae'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sara Pendergast; Tom Pendergast|editor=Sarah Hermsen|title=Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages|volume=1|location=Detroit, Mich.|publisher=UXL|year=2004|page=183|isbn=978-0-7876-5418-4|passage=Though men typically did not wear hats, they could wear a ceremonial form of headwear known as a '''corona''', or crown. Like many areas of Roman dress, there were strict rules about wearing '''coronas'''.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|coronal rain|coronasomnia|coronectomy|coronoapical|coronograph|coronule|corotron
|anticorona
|bicorona
|corona algebra
|corona conjecture
|coronad|corona baby
|corona discharge
|corona effect
|coronagraph
|coronagraphy
|corona method
|corona poling
|corona ring
|corona shield
|corona set
|corona theorem
|corona tube
|coronavirus
|coronite
|coronium
|E-corona
|F-corona
|geocorona
|hebesphenomegacorona
|K-corona
|multicorona
|protein corona
|solar corona
|sphenocorona
|sphenomegacorona
|tricorona
|ultracorona
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|Corona Australis
|Corona Borealis|corona seminis
|coronal
|corona glandis
|corona lucis
|corona radiata
|corona veneris
|coronary
|coronate
|coronation
|coroner
|coronet
|coroniform
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|コロナ|tr=korona|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|large, round pendent chandelier}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kattokruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|region of the skull located along the coronal suture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päälaki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|external portion of the tooth, covered by enamel|crown}}

{{trans-top-also|circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males|corona glandis penis}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|龜頭|tr=guītóu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}, {{t|fi|[[terska]]n [[alareuna]]}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στεφάνη|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|雁首|tr=かりくび, karikubi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|korona}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|日冕|tr=rìmiǎn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* French: {{t+|fr|couronne|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korona|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}, {{t+|hu|fényudvar}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コロナ|tr=korona}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|코로나}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|تاج|tr=tâj}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|coroa|f}}, {{t+|pt|corona|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|coroană|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|koróna|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korona|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|коро́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nhật hoa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|oval-shaped astrogeological feature}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top-also|ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants|paraperigonium}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}, {{t|fi|lisäteriö}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|副花冠|tr=ふくかかん, fukukakan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́нчик|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|annular ciliated organ on the head of rotifers}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|main body of the test of an echinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kuori}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown of a crinoid}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tyvi}}, {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous appearance caused by corona discharge}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rengas}}, {{t+|fi|korona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sauma}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|manifestation of secondary syphilis}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kuppakruunu}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|корона|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|蒄}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kruunu}}
* German: {{t+|de|Krone|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κορώνα|f}}, {{t+|el|στέμμα|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|korona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kóróna|f}}, {{t|is|krúna|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|mahkota}}, {{t+|id|korona}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|corona|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|mahkota}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corona|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|taç}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|rare}} တႃႇတေလွမ်ႉႁွပ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်းဝူင်းဢၼ်လႅင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း မိူၼ်ၼင်ႇ ၶွပ်ႇလႅတ်ႇ။
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Beilby|title=Gunner: A Novel of the Retreat from Crete|location=London|publisher=[[w:Angus &amp; Robertson|Angus and Robertson]]|year=1977|page={{gbooks|ulX2f5Ao-CQC|285|coronaed}}|isbn=978-0-207-95742-0|passage=The belly dancer shimmied on to the tiny floor, all flashing eyes, black hair '''coronaed''' with winking brilliants, undulating bare flesh with tasselled breasts and a turquoise G-string and an imitation ruby in her navel: she was barefooted, wearing a massive glittering anklet which made her look very Circassian and wanton.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=39|title=[[w:Kraken (novel)|Kraken: An Anatomy]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Ballantine Books|year=2010|page=234|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=O1H7BVBsK9oC&amp;pg=PA234|isbn=978-0-345-49749-9|passage=He was surrounded, encauled, '''coronaed''' with whispering figures. They fleeted in and out of visibility, made of dark light. They entered his body and exited it, they faded up, they ebbed out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:China Miéville|chapter=In the Slopes|title=[[w:Three Moments of an Explosion|Three Moments of an Explosion: Stories]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2015|pages=64–65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLttCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA65|isbn=978-1-4472-3500-2|passage=The creatures lay with the humans, dead islanders alongside them. They'd worked with them. Worshipped with them, the scientists said, looking anew at the shards of illustration still visible, the extraterrestrial and the human at prayer together, '''coronaed''', altar-top boxes glowing.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|coronaed|pos=adjective}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to surround with a luminous or crownlike ring like the solar corona}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ympäröidä]] [[korona]]lla}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|en|coronavirus}}
A {{clipping|en|coronavirus|nocap=1}}, ultimately from [[#Etymology 1|etymology 1]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.''{{sup|3}}|noformat=1|id=89105071|date=July 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|2}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[coronavirus]], especially [[SARS-CoV-2]].
#: {{synonyms|en|rona|q1=SARS-CoV-2, informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The recent surge of deaths due to '''corona''' reveals the shortcomings of our current healthcare system.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. Arnold|coauthors=M. Klein; J. B. Wang; W. A. K. Schmidt; H. J. Trampisch|title=Coronavirus-associated Antibodies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Infectious Mononucleosis|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509164855/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf|archivedate=9 May 2020|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|month=January|year=1981|volume=232|issue=2|page=175|pageurl=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00505035.pdf#page=13|doi=10.1007/BF00505035|issn=0937-4477|oclc=849298925|passage=Similar to the way in which EBV nuclear antigens can be identified by immunofluorescence microscopy in NPC tumor cells with the EBNA test, '''corona''' antigens can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of the same patient. A possible non-specific reaction could be excluded by use of animal '''corona''' antisera.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Berkhout; Formijn van Hemert|title=On the Biased Nucleotide Composition of the Human Coronavirus RNA Genome|journal=[[w:Virus Research|Virus Research: An International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Virology]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316204108/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114406/|archivedate=16 March 2021|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|date=16 April 2015|volume=202|page=46|doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.031|issn=0168-1702|oclc=67282352|pmid=25656063|passage=Although this study was restricted to the human coronaviruses, these basic properties apply to all known animal and human '''coronas''' (results not shown).}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Sankarshan Thakur|title=A mildewed life: State of play: The migrant is trapped between the home and the world|newspaper=[[w:The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510043903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/coronavirus-how-the-migrant-worker-is-stuck-between-the-home-and-the-world-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdown/cid/1770605|archivedate=10 May 2020|location=Kolkata, West Bengal|publisher=[[w:ABP Group|ABP]]|date=5 May 2020|oclc=271717941|passage=He collapsed at the approach to his village. The villagers would not help, not admit him anywhere in. They were spooked, he may have been carrying '''corona'''. He died, and his remains were not let in either. Doctors were called, a test was done. The cadaver tested negative.}}
# {{lb|en|informal|also|attributively}} A [[disease#Noun|disease]] [[cause#Verb|caused]] by a coronavirus, especially [[COVID-19]].
#: {{ux|en|She caught '''corona''' last week.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Adel F. Almutairi; Abdallah A. Adlan; Hanan H. Balkhy; Oraynab A. Abbas; Alexander M. Clark|title=‘It feels like I’m the dirtiest person in the world.’: Exploring the Experiences of Healthcare Providers who Survived MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia|journal=Journal of Infection and Public Health|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034117301545|location=Amsterdam|publisher=w:Elsevier|month=March–April|year=2018|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.1016/j.jiph.2017.06.011|page=188|column=2|issn=1876-035X|oclc=705371585|passage=The MERS outbreak in the hospital created widespread fear and panic among healthcare providers and other employees. {{...}} For example, participants’ traumatic experience is illustrated by the quote below: / ''“Neglect is pain&amp;nbsp;… prejudice is there, it hurts, also&amp;nbsp;… unbelievable human ignorance. There was one person who is in administration here, who was scared to call me because she might get '''Corona''' over the phone.”''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Nazia Parveen|title=Six-week-old baby believed to be England’s youngest coronavirus victim|editor=w:Katharine Viner|newspaper=w:The Guardian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309020239/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/08/six-week-old-baby-is-englands-youngest-coronavirus-victim|archivedate=9 March 2021|location=London|publisher=[[w:Guardian Media Group|Guardian News &amp; Media]]|date=8 May 2020|issn=0261-3077|oclc=229952407|passage=His wife, Varda, told Geo News: “Tariq passed away in the blessed month of Ramadan in the line of duty. Even after he had developed symptoms of '''corona''' and isolated at home, he continued to do telephone clinics.”}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col4|en
|corona belly
|corona blues
|corona bond
|coronaphobia
|coronasceptic
|coronoia
|rona
|corona-wise
|corona party}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|coronavirus}}
{{trans-see|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{trans-top|(''informal'') disease caused by a coronavirus}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corona|c}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korona}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|коро́на|f|id=coronavirus}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|korona|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|коро́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|COVID-19}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ety|en|:bor|it:corona|text=+|tree=1}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun|+|corone}}

# {{lb|en|poetry}} ၵႂၢမ်းသွၼ် ဢၼ်ၵွင်ႉၵၢႆႇၵၼ်ဝႆႉ ၸိူင်ႉၼင်ႇ ၶေႃႈၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်လိုၼ်းသုတ်း ၼႂ်းၶေႃႈၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်လႂ်ဢၼ်ၼၼ်ႉ ပဵၼ်ၶေႃႈၵႂၢမ်း ဢွၼ်တၢင်းသုတ်း ၼႂ်းၶေႃႈၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်တေမႃးထႅင်ႈၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Warren|title=The Sonnet. ''Morfologia del Sonetto'' nei secoli xiii e xiv. L. Biadene [''Studj di Filologia Romanza'', Fasc. 10.]|editor=A. Marshall Elliott|journal=w:Modern Language Notes|location=Baltimore, Md.|publisher=&amp;#91;{{w|Johns Hopkins University Press}}&amp;#93;|month=May|year=1889|volume=IV|column=308|columnurl=https://archive.org/details/modernlanguageno04johnuoft/page/154/mode/1up|issn=0026-7910|oclc=1201539848|passage=A favorite and most attractive combination is that of the '''''corona''''' or series of sonnets, employed to frame or develop some one theme. A list of these '''''corone''''' is given by {{smallcaps|Biadene}}, who selects and publishes from among them a series of three by {{smallcaps|{{w|Petrarch}}}}, and the famous '''corona''' of the months by {{smallcaps|[[w:Folgóre da San Gimignano|Folgore da San Gemignano]]}}.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Michael R. G. Spiller|title=The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies|series=Studies in Literary Themes and Genres|seriesvolume=13|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Gale (publisher)|Twayne Publishers]]|year=1997|page=144|isbn=978-0-8057-0970-4|passage=But the poets of Siena, and particularly the Academy of the Intronati, found the proper way of constructing '''coronas'''—since the ones mentioned above should really be called sequences ['catene'] rather than '''coronas'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=The Labyrinth of Style: Lady Mary Wroth and the Idea of [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchism]]|title=Desiring Voices: Women Sonneteers and Petrarchism|location=Carbondale; Edwardsville, Ill.|publisher=w:Southern Illinois University Press|year=2000|page=125|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Hd1WhjExMsC&amp;pg=PA125|isbn=978-0-8093-2307-4|passage=[[w:Lady Mary Wroth|[Lady Mary] Wroth]] alludes to these contexts as the '''corona''' of sonnets that crowns the sequence opens: &quot;In this strang labourinth how shall I turne?&quot; (Wroth, ''Poems'' 127).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mary B. Moore|chapter=Robert Sidney’s Poetry|editors=Margaret P. Hannay; Mary Ellen Lamb; Michael G. Brennan|title=The Ashgate Research Companion to The Sidneys, 1500–1700|location=Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, Vt.|publisher=w:Ashgate Publishing|year=2015|volume=2 (Literature)|section=part VI (Poetry)|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXNxCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA250|isbn=978-1-4094-5040-5|passage=Both sets of echoes derive from the poets' first poems, and since first poems in [[w:Petrarch|Petrarchan]] sequences set stylistic, tonal, and thematic expectations, [[w:Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert [Sidney]]]'s double allusion to first poems should color readings of this, the first poem of his '''corona'''.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en-GB|author=Kevin Power|title=What We Can Know by Ian McEwan review – the limits of liberalism|work=The Guardian|date=2025-09-16|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/16/what-we-can-know-by-ian-mcewan-review-the-limits-of-liberalism|issn=0261-3077|passage=He is in search of a lost poem, the improbably named A '''Corona''' for Vivien, which Blundy wrote for his wife Vivien’s 50th birthday in 2014.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|series of linked sonnets}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|seppele}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|corona|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|es|[[la|La]] [[corona|Corona]]|lit=The Crown}}, a brand of cigars from [[Havana]], [[Cuba]].&lt;ref&gt;{{R:OED Online|entry=Corona|pos=''n.''{{sup|2}}|noformat=1|id=41772|date=December 2020|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|alt=corona{{sup|3}}|pos=n}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[long#Adjective|long]], [[straight#Adjective|straight]]-[[sided#Adjective|sided]] [[cigar]] with a [[blunt#Adjective|blunt]], [[rounded#Adjective|rounded]] [[end#Noun|end]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Samuel Birnkrant|title=Mama, Say ‘I Do’: (Formerly Titled ‘A Whisper in God’s Ear’): A Comedy in Three Acts|location=Schulenburg, Tex.|publisher=I. E. Clark Publications|year=1977|section=act I|page=22|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDz3tdujNzIC&amp;pg=PA22|isbn=978-0-88680-126-7|passage=HOWARD: ''[Entering; cheerfully]'' Got your '''coronas''', Mr. Goldman! / GOLDMAN: ''[Glumly, taking the proffered cigars]'' Thanks, Howie. ''[Puts all but one in pocket.]'' / HOWARD: Where's Ma? / GOLDMAN: ''[Indicating with cigar]'' Inside the bedroom.}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|en|Corona}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|long, straight-sided cigar with a blunt, rounded end}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|corona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|coronavirus}}
* {{pedia|stellar corona}}
* {{pedia|corona|corona (disambiguation)}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acnoor|caroon|racoon}}

{{cln|en|genericized trademarks|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Coronaviruses|Stars|Sun|COVID-19|Viral diseases|Viruses|Plant anatomy}}</text>
      <sha1>gh9yg2c5ef2xhmyxxp9aq105d7059mq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>corporal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55473</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266621</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T23:13:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;==English==  ===Pronunciation=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔːp(ə)ɹəl/|a=UK}} * {{enPR|kôr'-pər-əl|kôr'-prəl|a=US}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkoɹ.pɚ.əl/|/ˈkoɹ.pɹəl/}} * {{audio|en|en-ca-corporal.oga|a=CA}} * {{rhymes|en|ɔː(ɹ)pɹəl|ɔː(ɹ)pəɹəl|s=2}}  ===Etymology 1=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*krep-}} From {{inh|en|enm|corporal}}, {{m|enm|corporall}}, {{m|enm|corporel}}, {{m|enm|corporell}}, from {{der|en|fro|corporal}} ({...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>266621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8474" sha1="nee728y8mqkjapfveltbepz7oviw3gj" xml:space="preserve">==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔːp(ə)ɹəl/|a=UK}}
* {{enPR|kôr'-pər-əl|kôr'-prəl|a=US}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkoɹ.pɚ.əl/|/ˈkoɹ.pɹəl/}}
* {{audio|en|en-ca-corporal.oga|a=CA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɔː(ɹ)pɹəl|ɔː(ɹ)pəɹəl|s=2}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*krep-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|corporal}}, {{m|enm|corporall}}, {{m|enm|corporel}}, {{m|enm|corporell}}, from {{der|en|fro|corporal}} ({{cog|fr|corporel}}), from {{der|en|la|corporālis}}, from {{der|en|la|corpus|t=body}}; compare {{m|en|corporeal}}.

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|archaic}} Having a physical, [[tangible]] body; [[material]], [[corporeal]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Macbeth|1|3|passage=Into the air; and what seem'd '''corporal''' melted as breath into the wind.}}
# Of or pertaining to the body, ''especially'' the human body; [[bodily]].
#: {{ux|en|[[corporal punishment|'''corporal''' punishment]]}}
#: {{ux|en|'''corporal''' suffering}}
# {{lb|en|zoology}} Pertaining to the [[body]] (the [[thorax]] and [[abdomen]]), as distinguished from the [[head]], [[limb]]s and [[wing]]s, etc.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1998|author=Rüdiger Riehl|title=Aquarium Atlas|volume=3|page=572
|passage=The smaller 9 9 have less elongated fins, drabber corporal colors, and more transparent fins.}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|bodily}}
* {{l|en|corporeal}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|bicorporal|corporally|corporalness|corporalship|extracorporal|incorporal|intracorporal|noncorporal|tricorporal|uncorporal
|corporality|corporal punishment}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|corporeal}}

{{trans-see|bodily}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|en|fr|caporal}}, probably influenced by {{m|en|corporal}} (above), from the {{der|en|it|caporale}}, from {{m|it|capo|t=head, leader}} from {{der|en|la|caput|t=head}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|military}} A [[non-commissioned]] [[officer]] army rank with NATO code [[OR-4]]. The rank below a [[sergeant]] but above a [[lance corporal]] and [[private]].
# A [[non-commissioned]] [[officer]] rank in the [[police]] force, below a [[sergeant]] but above a [[private]] or [[patrolman]].
# {{lb|en|mining|historical}} A [[worker]] in charge of the [[wagonway]], reporting to the [[deputy]].
# A [[dragonfly]] of the genus {{taxlink|Ladona|genus}}.

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|bombardier}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|en|corporal's guard|lance corporal|ship's corporal|letter corporal|saddler-corporal}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|military rank}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|tetar|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|կապրալ}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|ефрейтор|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|caporal|m|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|desátník|m}}, {{t|cs|kaprál|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|korporal|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|korporaal}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|kaporalo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|kapral}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|alikersantti}}
* French: {{t+|fr|caporal|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stabsgefreiter|m}}, {{t+|de|Oberstabsgefreiter|m}}, {{t+|de|Korporal|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υποδεκανέας|c}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tizedes}}, {{t+|hu|szakaszvezető}}, {{t+|hu|káplár}} {{q|archaic}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kopral}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|caporale|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|伍長|tr=ごちょう, gochō}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|상병|tr=sangbyeong}}
* Latin: {{t|la|decuriō|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|десета́р|m}}, {{t|mk|каплар|m}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|kāpara}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|corpotha|m}} {{q|Jersey}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|korporal|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nb|korporal|m}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|سرجوخه|tr=sarjuxe}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|kapral|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cabo|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|капра́л|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cabo}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|kabo}}
* Turkish:
*: Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|اون باش|tr=on baş}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|police rank}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|二劃警員}} {{q|Singapore}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tizedes}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|worker in charge of the wagonway}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|dragonfly of the genus ''Ladona''}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|hukankorento}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
[[File:Korporale in cruce salus (1).jpg|thumb]]
From {{inh|en|enm|corporall}}, {{m|enm|corporalle}}, from the {{der|en|la|corporāle}}, the neuter of {{m|la|corporālis}} representing the doctrine of [[transubstantiation]] in which the [[Eucharist]] becomes the body of [[Christ]].

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{senseid|en|altar cloth}}{{lb|en|ecclesiastical}} The white [[linen]] [[cloth]] on which the [[elements]] of the [[Eucharist]] are placed; a [[communion cloth]].
#* {{RQ:Wilde Dorian Gray|passage=He had {{...}} many '''corporals''', chalice-veils, and sudaria|chapter=XI}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|corporas}} {{q|obsolete}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|corporal oath}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|ecclesiastical: cloth on which the elements of the Eucharist are placed}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|corporal|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corporale}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korporaali}}, {{t|fi|korporaaliliina}}
* French: {{t+|fr|corporal|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|corporal|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korporale|n}}
* Indonesian: {{t|id|korporal}}, {{t|id|korporale}}
* Japanese: {{t-check|ja|[[聖体]][[布]]|tr=せいたいふ, seitaifu}} &lt;!-- was &quot;[[聖体]][[布]]&quot; - assumed sum-of-parts; if an idiom, remove the wikilinks to the individual words. see [[User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing]] --&gt;
* Polish: {{t|pl|korporał|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|corporal|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|антими́нс|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corporal|m}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|korporal}}, {{t|tl|kulpuralis}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{C|en|Military ranks|People|Libellulid dragonflies}}

==Asturian==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ast|la|corporālis}}.

===Adjective===
{{ast-adj-mf|pl=corporales}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}, [[bodily]]

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ca|la|corporālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-corporal.wav|a=Barcelona}}

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}
#: {{syn|ca|corpori}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|cos}}

===Noun===
{{ca-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}} {{gloss|linen cloth}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}

==French==

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{lb|fr|religion}} {{l|en|corporal}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
From {{uder|gl|la|corporālis}}.

===Adjective===
{{gl-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}, [[bodily]]
#: {{syn|gl|corpóreo}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|gl|corpo}}

===Noun===
{{gl-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}} {{gloss|linen cloth}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:gl:DRAG}}

==Old French==

===Adjective===
{{fro-adj}}

# {{alternative form of|fro|corporel}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|pt|la|corporālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}, [[carnal]]
#: {{syn|pt|corpóreo}}
#* {{quote-book
|pt
|year=2004
|author=Walter Altmann
|title=Nossa fé e suas razões
|pageurl=http://books.google.com.br/books?id=r_CWfP4vydoC&amp;pg=PA164#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
|isbn=9788523307264
|page=164
|publisher=Editora Sinodal
|passage=As pessoas que defendem o reencarnacionismo (em nosso meio, conhecido sobretudo pelo espiritismo) resumem seus argumentos nos seguintes pontos: a) Existem várias existências terrestres; nossa vida '''corporal''' não é a primeira e, provavelmente, não será a última. Após morrermos, voltaremos noutra existência.}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|pt|corporalmente}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|pt|corpo}}

===Noun===
{{pt-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pt:Aulete}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|corporel}}, from {{der|ro|la|corporalis}}.

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ro|corporalitate}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
From {{uder|es|la|corporālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{lb|es|relational}} [[body]]; {{l|en|corporal}}
#: {{syn|es|corpóreo}}
# [[bodywide]] or [[systemic]]
#: {{syn|es|corpóreo}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|es
|corporalmente
|expresión corporal|parte corporal
|imagen corporal|índice de masa corporal
|vello corporal
}}

====Related terms====
{{col|es|corporalidad}}

===Noun===
{{es-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}} {{gloss|linen cloth}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|es|bolsa de corporales}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}</text>
      <sha1>nee728y8mqkjapfveltbepz7oviw3gj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>266622</id>
      <parentid>266621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T23:18:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>266622</origin>
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      <text bytes="8836" sha1="a4f3vu7x7wqlon59r4vp7cnai4n0dcd" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔːp(ə)ɹəl/|a=UK}}
* {{enPR|kôr'-pər-əl|kôr'-prəl|a=US}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈkoɹ.pɚ.əl/|/ˈkoɹ.pɹəl/}}
* {{audio|en|en-ca-corporal.oga|a=CA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɔː(ɹ)pɹəl|ɔː(ɹ)pəɹəl|s=2}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|archaic}} မီးတူဝ်ၶိင်း ဢၼ်ယိပ်းၵမ်လႆႈ၊ ၶူဝ်းၶွင်၊တူဝ်ၶိင်း။
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Macbeth|1|3|passage=Into the air; and what seem'd '''corporal''' melted as breath into the wind.}}
# ၶွင် ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း တူဝ်ၶိင်း ပိူင်လူင်မၼ်း တူဝ်ၶိင်းၵူၼ်း၊ တူဝ်ၶိင်း။
#: {{ux|en|[[corporal punishment|'''corporal''' punishment]]}}
#: {{ux|en|'''corporal''' suffering}}
# {{lb|en|zoology}} ၵဵဝ်ႇလူၺ်ႈတူဝ်ၶိင်း (ၼႃႈဢူၵ်းလႄႈ တွင်ႉ) ၸွမ်းၼင်ႇ ၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄဝႆႉ ႁူဝ်၊
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1998|author=Rüdiger Riehl|title=Aquarium Atlas|volume=3|page=572
|passage=The smaller 9 9 have less elongated fins, drabber corporal colors, and more transparent fins.}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|bodily}}
* {{l|en|corporeal}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|bicorporal|corporally|corporalness|corporalship|extracorporal|incorporal|intracorporal|noncorporal|tricorporal|uncorporal
|corporality|corporal punishment}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|corporeal}}

{{trans-see|bodily}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|en|fr|caporal}}, probably influenced by {{m|en|corporal}} (above), from the {{der|en|it|caporale}}, from {{m|it|capo|t=head, leader}} from {{der|en|la|caput|t=head}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|military}} ၸၼ်ႉတပ်ႉသိုၵ်း ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇၸႂ်ႈၽူႈမီးၸၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်မီးမၢႆ NATO OR-4 ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။ ၸၼ်ႉထၢၼ်ႈ ဢၼ်မီးတႂ်ႈ ၸဝ်ႈသိုၵ်းလူင် ၵူၺ်းၵႃႈ ၼိူဝ် ၸဝ်ႈသိုၵ်းလူင် လႄႈ ၸၼ်ႉသိုၵ်းသုၼ်ႇတူဝ်။
# {{lb|en|mining|historical}} ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ဢၼ်ဢဝ်ပုၼ်ႈၽွၼ်း တီႈၵႃး ဢၼ်တၢင်ႇလၢတ်ႈတီႈ ၽူႈတႅၼ်းၽွင်း။
# ၼူၵ်ႉၵၢပ်ႇ ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်ၸိူဝ်ႉၶိူဝ်း Ladona ။

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|bombardier}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|en|corporal's guard|lance corporal|ship's corporal|letter corporal|saddler-corporal}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|military rank}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|tetar|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|կապրալ}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|ефрейтор|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|caporal|m|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|desátník|m}}, {{t|cs|kaprál|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|korporal|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|korporaal}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|kaporalo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|kapral}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|alikersantti}}
* French: {{t+|fr|caporal|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stabsgefreiter|m}}, {{t+|de|Oberstabsgefreiter|m}}, {{t+|de|Korporal|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υποδεκανέας|c}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tizedes}}, {{t+|hu|szakaszvezető}}, {{t+|hu|káplár}} {{q|archaic}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kopral}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|caporale|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|伍長|tr=ごちょう, gochō}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|상병|tr=sangbyeong}}
* Latin: {{t|la|decuriō|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|десета́р|m}}, {{t|mk|каплар|m}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|kāpara}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|corpotha|m}} {{q|Jersey}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|korporal|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nb|korporal|m}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|سرجوخه|tr=sarjuxe}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|kapral|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cabo|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|капра́л|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cabo}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|kabo}}
* Turkish:
*: Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|اون باش|tr=on baş}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|police rank}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|二劃警員}} {{q|Singapore}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tizedes}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|worker in charge of the wagonway}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|dragonfly of the genus ''Ladona''}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|hukankorento}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
[[File:Korporale in cruce salus (1).jpg|thumb]]
From {{inh|en|enm|corporall}}, {{m|enm|corporalle}}, from the {{der|en|la|corporāle}}, the neuter of {{m|la|corporālis}} representing the doctrine of [[transubstantiation]] in which the [[Eucharist]] becomes the body of [[Christ]].

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{senseid|en|altar cloth}}{{lb|en|ecclesiastical}} The white [[linen]] [[cloth]] on which the [[elements]] of the [[Eucharist]] are placed; a [[communion cloth]].
#* {{RQ:Wilde Dorian Gray|passage=He had {{...}} many '''corporals''', chalice-veils, and sudaria|chapter=XI}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|en|corporas}} {{q|obsolete}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|corporal oath}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|ecclesiastical: cloth on which the elements of the Eucharist are placed}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|corporal|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|corporale}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|korporaali}}, {{t|fi|korporaaliliina}}
* French: {{t+|fr|corporal|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|corporal|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korporale|n}}
* Indonesian: {{t|id|korporal}}, {{t|id|korporale}}
* Japanese: {{t-check|ja|[[聖体]][[布]]|tr=せいたいふ, seitaifu}} &lt;!-- was &quot;[[聖体]][[布]]&quot; - assumed sum-of-parts; if an idiom, remove the wikilinks to the individual words. see [[User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing]] --&gt;
* Polish: {{t|pl|korporał|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|corporal|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|антими́нс|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|corporal|m}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|korporal}}, {{t|tl|kulpuralis}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{C|en|Military ranks|People|Libellulid dragonflies}}

==Asturian==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ast|la|corporālis}}.

===Adjective===
{{ast-adj-mf|pl=corporales}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}, [[bodily]]

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ca|la|corporālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-corporal.wav|a=Barcelona}}

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}
#: {{syn|ca|corpori}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|cos}}

===Noun===
{{ca-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}} {{gloss|linen cloth}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}

==French==

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{lb|fr|religion}} {{l|en|corporal}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Galician==

===Etymology===
From {{uder|gl|la|corporālis}}.

===Adjective===
{{gl-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}, [[bodily]]
#: {{syn|gl|corpóreo}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|gl|corpo}}

===Noun===
{{gl-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}} {{gloss|linen cloth}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:gl:DRAG}}

==Old French==

===Adjective===
{{fro-adj}}

# {{alternative form of|fro|corporel}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|pt|la|corporālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}, [[carnal]]
#: {{syn|pt|corpóreo}}
#* {{quote-book
|pt
|year=2004
|author=Walter Altmann
|title=Nossa fé e suas razões
|pageurl=http://books.google.com.br/books?id=r_CWfP4vydoC&amp;pg=PA164#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false
|isbn=9788523307264
|page=164
|publisher=Editora Sinodal
|passage=As pessoas que defendem o reencarnacionismo (em nosso meio, conhecido sobretudo pelo espiritismo) resumem seus argumentos nos seguintes pontos: a) Existem várias existências terrestres; nossa vida '''corporal''' não é a primeira e, provavelmente, não será a última. Após morrermos, voltaremos noutra existência.}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|pt|corporalmente}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|pt|corpo}}

===Noun===
{{pt-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pt:Aulete}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|corporel}}, from {{der|ro|la|corporalis}}.

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|corporal}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ro|corporalitate}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
From {{uder|es|la|corporālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{lb|es|relational}} [[body]]; {{l|en|corporal}}
#: {{syn|es|corpóreo}}
# [[bodywide]] or [[systemic]]
#: {{syn|es|corpóreo}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|es
|corporalmente
|expresión corporal|parte corporal
|imagen corporal|índice de masa corporal
|vello corporal
}}

====Related terms====
{{col|es|corporalidad}}

===Noun===
{{es-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|corporal}} {{gloss|linen cloth}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|es|bolsa de corporales}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}</text>
      <sha1>a4f3vu7x7wqlon59r4vp7cnai4n0dcd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>chromatic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55474</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266623</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T23:21:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>dont fucking delete the word fuck you</comment>
      <origin>266623</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10981" sha1="mdgu96umot2hoc1i3p54zycdnmb6v25" xml:space="preserve">==English==
{{was wotd|2021|June|4}}

===Pronunciation===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 20170317 Bunte Tache von Empik.jpg
|caption1 = A chromatic, or [[brightly]] [[coloured#Adjective|coloured]] ''(sense 1.2)'', [[paper#Noun|paper]] [[bag#Noun|bag]].
|image2 = Chromatic notes diagram.png
|caption2 = A [[diagram]] comparing [[music]] [[note#Noun|notes]] on a [[diatonic scale]] ''(upper [[staff#Noun|staff]])'' with chromatic notes ''(lower staff; sense 2.2)''.
|image3 = ChromaticScale.ogg
|caption3 = A [[chromatic scale]] ''(sense 2.2)'' [[play#Verb|played]] on a [[piano#Noun|piano]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chromatic.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/|[-ɾɪk]|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ætɪk|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|chro|mat|ic}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʰer-}}
Borrowed from {{bor|en|fr|chromatique|t=chromatic}} or directly from its {{glossary|etymon}} {{bor|en|la|chrōmaticus}}, from {{der|en|grc|χρωματικός|t=relating to colour; one of the three types of tetrachord in Greek music}}, from {{m|grc|χρῶμα|t=colour; pigment; chromatic scale in music; music}} (ultimately from {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰer-|t=to grind; to rub; to stroke; to remove}}, perhaps in the sense of the grinding of pigments) + {{m|grc|-τῐκός|pos={{glossary|suffix}} forming {{glossary|adjective}}s}};&lt;ref&gt;{{R:Lexico|pos=adj|nodot=1}}; compare {{R:OED Online|pos=adj.'' and ''n|id=32504|date=December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; analysable as {{suffix|en|chroma|tic}}.

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-,more}}

# {{non-gloss|Uses relating to colour}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable}} [[characterize|Characterized]] or [[cause#Verb|caused]] by, or [[relate|relating]] to, [[colour#Noun|colour]] or [[hue#Noun|hue]].
##: {{antonyms|en|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|comparable}} [[brightly|Brightly]] [[coloured#Adjective|coloured]]; [[colourful]], [[vivid#Adjective|vivid]].
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|drab|dull|colourless|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|optics}} Having the [[capacity]] to [[separate#Verb|separate]] [[spectral]] colours by [[refraction]].
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|graph theory}} Relating to [[coloring]]s of [[graph]]s.
# {{lb|en|uncomparable|music}}
## {{lb|en|Ancient Greece|historical}} One of [[three]] [[type#Noun|types]] of [[tetrachord]] (the others being the [[diatonic]] and [[enharmonic]]), with an [[interval]] between [[half]] and [[four]]-[[fifth]]s of the [[total#Noun|total]] interval of a tetrachord.
## Relating to or [[use#Verb|using]] [[note#Noun|notes]] not [[belong]]ing to the [[diatonic scale]] of the [[key#Noun|key]] in which a [[passage]] of [[music]] is [[write#Verb|written]].
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|diatonic}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:William Batchelder Bradbury|William B[atchelder] Bradbury]]; [[w:George Frederick Root|George F[rederick] Root]]; assisted by [[w:Thomas Hastings (composer)|Thomas Hastings]]; T[imothy] B. Mason|chapter=The Singing Class|title=The Shawm: Library of Church Music:{{nb...|Embracing about One Thousand Pieces, Consisting of Psalm and Hymn Tunes Adapted to Every Meter in Use, Anthems, Chants, and Set Pieces; to which is Added an Original Cantata, Entitled Daniel; or, The Captivity and Restoration. Including, also, The Singing Class, an Entirely New and Practical Arrangement of the Elements of Music, Interspersed with Social Part-songs for Practice.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Mason Brothers,{{nb...|596 Broadway, New York; 154 Tremont St., Boston. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co.; Cincinnati: Sargent, Wilson &amp; Hinkle; Chicago: Root &amp; Cady.}}|year=1853|section=lesson VIII (Dynamics (Power of Sounds))|page=23|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QOi23dJSIG0C&amp;pg=PA23|column=1|oclc=886676842|passage=All the intervals of the scale that are a whole tone (step) distant from each other may be divided into half tones, (small steps), forming an entire scale of small intervals, (half tones), called the '''Chromatic''' Scale. {{...}} All the tones (steps) of the scale being thus divided, either by means of the sharp or flat, we shall have for our '''Chromatic''' Scale thirteen intervals, of a half tone (small step) each.}}
## Moving in [[semitone]]s.

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|amphichromatic|apochromat|bathochromatic|chorochromatic|chromaticize|fluorochromatic|heterochromatic|hexachromatic|idiochromatic|kinechromatic|omnichromatic|pentachromatic|perichromatic|quadchromatic|spatiochromatic|tetrachromat
|achromatic
|allochromatic
|bichromatic
|biochromatic
|chromatic aberration
|chromatic number
|chromatic scale|chromatic semitone
|chromatical
|chromatically
|chromaticism
|chromaticity
|chromaticness
|dichromatic
|homochromatic
|hyperchromatic
|interchromatic
|isochromatic
|lithochromatic
|monochromatic
|multichromatic
|nonchromatic
|normochromatic
|orthochromatic
|panchromatic
|photochromatic
|polychromatic
|tetrachromatic
|thermochromatic
|trichromatic
|xanthochromatic
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|chromo-
|chromato-
|-chrome
|chromosome
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|characterized or caused by, or relating to, colour or hue}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|գունային}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|хроматичен}}, {{t+|bg|цветен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|chromatický}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|lit-}}, {{t|is|lita-}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|glédhathach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|хроматикалық}}, {{t|kk|хроматтық}}, {{t|kk|түсті}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cromático}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}, {{t+|ru|цветно́й}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|kulayin}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|brightly coloured|colourful|vivid}}

{{trans-top|having the capacity to separate spectral colours by refraction}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|one of three types of tetrachord}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chromatique}}
* German: {{t+|de|chromatisch}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|krómatískur}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|leath-thonach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|クロマチック|tr=kuromachikku na|alt=クロマチックな}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|kromatisk}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|kromatisk}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{suffix|en|chromatin|ic|pos2={{glossary|suffix}} meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming {{glossary|adjective}}s from {{glossary|noun}}s}}.

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|biology}} [[relate|Relating]] to {{l|en|chromatin|pos=a [[complex#Noun|complex]] of [[DNA]], [[RNA]], and [[protein]]s within the [[cell#Noun|cell]] [[nucleus]] out of which [[chromosome]]s [[condense]] during [[cell division]]}}.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Gray M‘Kendrick [''i.e.'', {{w|John Gray McKendrick}}]|title=IV.—On the Modern Cell Theory, and the Phenomena of Fecundation.|journal=Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow|location=Glasgow|publisher=Published for the [[w:Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow|[Philosophical] Society [of Glasgow]]] by [[w:John Smith &amp; Son|John Smith and Son]],{{nb...|129 West George Street, Glasgow.}}|date=14 December 1887|year_published=1888|volume=XIX|page=84|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ApgkAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA84|oclc=1181953837|passage=Each nucleus has, then, (1) a protoplasmic body, and (2) a portion formed of nuclein, which is the chromatin of [[w:Walther Flemming|[Walther] Flemming]]. {{...}} The '''chromatic''' reticulum of Flemming is only an appearance due to the regular crossing of its convolutions, rarely to their temporary union.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:Harold Wager|Harold W[illiam] T[aylor] Wager]]|title=4. Observations on the Structure of the Nuclei in ''Peronospora'', and on Their Behaviour during the Formation of the Oosphere.|journal=Report of the Fifty-ninth Meeting of the [[w:British Science Association|British Association for the Advancement of Science]] Held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in September 1889|location=London|publisher=[[w:John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]],{{nb...|Albemarle Street.}}|month=September|year=1889|year_published=1890|section=section D ([Transactions of the Biology Section])|page=619|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=heIvAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA3-PA619|oclc=815726238|passage=The '''chromatic''' threads next arrange themselves in the equatorial plane of the nucleus, and then divide into two groups of threads, each of which forms a daughter nucleus.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:August Weismann|[August] Weismann]]|title=Prof. Weismann’s Theory of Heredity|journal=[[w:Nature (journal)|Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science]]|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan and Co.]]|date=6 February 1890|volume=XLI|issue=1058|page=320|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lZGAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA320|column=2|oclc=64051812|passage=Prof. [[w:Sydney Howard Vines|[Sydney Howard] Vines]] also attacks my view of the idioplasmatic nature of the ''nuclear'' substance (the '''chromatic''' grains); and maintains that it is as easy to speak of the continuity of the cell-body as of that of the nuclear substance, and that the one may transmit heritable qualities to progeny as well as the other.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edwin Conklin|E[dwin] G[rant] Conklin]]|chapter=Second Lecture. The Fertilization of the Ovum.|title=Biological Lectures Delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood’s Holl{{sic|Hole}} in the Summer Session of 1893|location=Boston, Mass.|publisher=[[w:Pearson Education|Ginn &amp; Company]]|year=1893|year_published=1894|page=29|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7oVAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA29|oclc=33876789|passage=If we are amazed at the precision with which the '''chromatic''' elements of the nucleus are divided and distributed, we can be no less astonished at the wonderful directive influence exercised by the asters upon the nuclei; {{...}}}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|relating to chromatin}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
&lt;references/&gt;

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|colour}}
* {{pedia|diatonic and chromatic}}
* {{pedia|chromatic (disambiguation)}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:OneLook}}

{{C|en|Colors|sort=chromatic}}</text>
      <sha1>mdgu96umot2hoc1i3p54zycdnmb6v25</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>266624</id>
      <parentid>266623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T23:34:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sainwankan do not fucking delete it</comment>
      <origin>266624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10715" sha1="0h3tk96iwflzool7318lhayw35s0etx" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 20170317 Bunte Tache von Empik.jpg
|caption1 = A chromatic, or [[brightly]] [[coloured#Adjective|coloured]] ''(sense 1.2)'', [[paper#Noun|paper]] [[bag#Noun|bag]].
|image2 = Chromatic notes diagram.png
|caption2 = A [[diagram]] comparing [[music]] [[note#Noun|notes]] on a [[diatonic scale]] ''(upper [[staff#Noun|staff]])'' with chromatic notes ''(lower staff; sense 2.2)''.
|image3 = ChromaticScale.ogg
|caption3 = A [[chromatic scale]] ''(sense 2.2)'' [[play#Verb|played]] on a [[piano#Noun|piano]].
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chromatic.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/|[-ɾɪk]|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ætɪk|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|chro|mat|ic}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-,more}}

# {{non-gloss|Uses relating to colour}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable}} ဢၼ်မီးၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း သီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ်။
##: {{antonyms|en|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|comparable}} သီလမ်၊ သီလမ် ႁၢင်ႈလီ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|drab|dull|colourless|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|optics}} မီးၼမ်ႉၵတ်ႉ တႃႇၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄ သီသၢႆလႅင်း လူၺ်ႈ လွင်ႈၶိုၼ်းလႅင်း။
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|graph theory}} ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်းလွင်ႈ ဢဝ်သီ ၵရၢပ်ႉ။
# {{lb|en|uncomparable|music}}
## {{lb|en|Ancient Greece|historical}} ၼႂ်းသၢမ်မဵဝ်းၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ (တၢင်ႇဢၼ်ပဵၼ် diatonic လႄႈ enharmonic) ဢၼ်မီးၵႄႈၵၢင် ၶိုင်ႈၼိုင်ႈလႄႈ သီႇပုၼ်ႈႁႃႈပုၼ်ႈ ၶွင်ၵႄႈၵၢင်တင်းမူတ်းၶွင် tetrachord ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
## ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း ၼူတ်ႉ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇပႃးၼႂ်း သဵင် diatonic scale ၶွင် key ဢၼ်တႅမ်ႈဝႆႉ ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|diatonic}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:William Batchelder Bradbury|William B[atchelder] Bradbury]]; [[w:George Frederick Root|George F[rederick] Root]]; assisted by [[w:Thomas Hastings (composer)|Thomas Hastings]]; T[imothy] B. Mason|chapter=The Singing Class|title=The Shawm: Library of Church Music:{{nb...|Embracing about One Thousand Pieces, Consisting of Psalm and Hymn Tunes Adapted to Every Meter in Use, Anthems, Chants, and Set Pieces; to which is Added an Original Cantata, Entitled Daniel; or, The Captivity and Restoration. Including, also, The Singing Class, an Entirely New and Practical Arrangement of the Elements of Music, Interspersed with Social Part-songs for Practice.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Mason Brothers,{{nb...|596 Broadway, New York; 154 Tremont St., Boston. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co.; Cincinnati: Sargent, Wilson &amp; Hinkle; Chicago: Root &amp; Cady.}}|year=1853|section=lesson VIII (Dynamics (Power of Sounds))|page=23|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QOi23dJSIG0C&amp;pg=PA23|column=1|oclc=886676842|passage=All the intervals of the scale that are a whole tone (step) distant from each other may be divided into half tones, (small steps), forming an entire scale of small intervals, (half tones), called the '''Chromatic''' Scale. {{...}} All the tones (steps) of the scale being thus divided, either by means of the sharp or flat, we shall have for our '''Chromatic''' Scale thirteen intervals, of a half tone (small step) each.}}
## ၶၢႆႉၵႂႃႇၼႂ်းသဵင်ၶိုင်ႈ။

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|amphichromatic|apochromat|bathochromatic|chorochromatic|chromaticize|fluorochromatic|heterochromatic|hexachromatic|idiochromatic|kinechromatic|omnichromatic|pentachromatic|perichromatic|quadchromatic|spatiochromatic|tetrachromat
|achromatic
|allochromatic
|bichromatic
|biochromatic
|chromatic aberration
|chromatic number
|chromatic scale|chromatic semitone
|chromatical
|chromatically
|chromaticism
|chromaticity
|chromaticness
|dichromatic
|homochromatic
|hyperchromatic
|interchromatic
|isochromatic
|lithochromatic
|monochromatic
|multichromatic
|nonchromatic
|normochromatic
|orthochromatic
|panchromatic
|photochromatic
|polychromatic
|tetrachromatic
|thermochromatic
|trichromatic
|xanthochromatic
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|chromo-
|chromato-
|-chrome
|chromosome
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|characterized or caused by, or relating to, colour or hue}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|գունային}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|хроматичен}}, {{t+|bg|цветен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|chromatický}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|lit-}}, {{t|is|lita-}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|glédhathach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|хроматикалық}}, {{t|kk|хроматтық}}, {{t|kk|түсті}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cromático}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}, {{t+|ru|цветно́й}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|kulayin}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|brightly coloured|colourful|vivid}}

{{trans-top|having the capacity to separate spectral colours by refraction}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|one of three types of tetrachord}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chromatique}}
* German: {{t+|de|chromatisch}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|krómatískur}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|leath-thonach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|クロマチック|tr=kuromachikku na|alt=クロマチックな}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|kromatisk}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|kromatisk}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{suffix|en|chromatin|ic|pos2={{glossary|suffix}} meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming {{glossary|adjective}}s from {{glossary|noun}}s}}.

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|biology}} ဢၼ်ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇၵၼ်တၢင်း chromatin (လွင်ႈသုၵ်ႉသၢၵ်ႉၶွင် DNA ၊ RNA လႄႈ ထၢတ်ႈပရူဝ်ႇတိၼ်း ၼ်ႂးၼယူးၵရီးယႃးသႄး(လ်) ဢၼ်ၶရူဝ်ႇမူဝ်ႇသူမ်းၶဝ် ၸုတုမ်ၵၼ်ဝႆႉ ၽွင်းယၢမ်းသႄး(လ်) ၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Gray M‘Kendrick [''i.e.'', {{w|John Gray McKendrick}}]|title=IV.—On the Modern Cell Theory, and the Phenomena of Fecundation.|journal=Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow|location=Glasgow|publisher=Published for the [[w:Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow|[Philosophical] Society [of Glasgow]]] by [[w:John Smith &amp; Son|John Smith and Son]],{{nb...|129 West George Street, Glasgow.}}|date=14 December 1887|year_published=1888|volume=XIX|page=84|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ApgkAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA84|oclc=1181953837|passage=Each nucleus has, then, (1) a protoplasmic body, and (2) a portion formed of nuclein, which is the chromatin of [[w:Walther Flemming|[Walther] Flemming]]. {{...}} The '''chromatic''' reticulum of Flemming is only an appearance due to the regular crossing of its convolutions, rarely to their temporary union.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:Harold Wager|Harold W[illiam] T[aylor] Wager]]|title=4. Observations on the Structure of the Nuclei in ''Peronospora'', and on Their Behaviour during the Formation of the Oosphere.|journal=Report of the Fifty-ninth Meeting of the [[w:British Science Association|British Association for the Advancement of Science]] Held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in September 1889|location=London|publisher=[[w:John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]],{{nb...|Albemarle Street.}}|month=September|year=1889|year_published=1890|section=section D ([Transactions of the Biology Section])|page=619|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=heIvAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA3-PA619|oclc=815726238|passage=The '''chromatic''' threads next arrange themselves in the equatorial plane of the nucleus, and then divide into two groups of threads, each of which forms a daughter nucleus.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:August Weismann|[August] Weismann]]|title=Prof. Weismann’s Theory of Heredity|journal=[[w:Nature (journal)|Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science]]|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan and Co.]]|date=6 February 1890|volume=XLI|issue=1058|page=320|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lZGAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA320|column=2|oclc=64051812|passage=Prof. [[w:Sydney Howard Vines|[Sydney Howard] Vines]] also attacks my view of the idioplasmatic nature of the ''nuclear'' substance (the '''chromatic''' grains); and maintains that it is as easy to speak of the continuity of the cell-body as of that of the nuclear substance, and that the one may transmit heritable qualities to progeny as well as the other.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edwin Conklin|E[dwin] G[rant] Conklin]]|chapter=Second Lecture. The Fertilization of the Ovum.|title=Biological Lectures Delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood’s Holl{{sic|Hole}} in the Summer Session of 1893|location=Boston, Mass.|publisher=[[w:Pearson Education|Ginn &amp; Company]]|year=1893|year_published=1894|page=29|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7oVAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA29|oclc=33876789|passage=If we are amazed at the precision with which the '''chromatic''' elements of the nucleus are divided and distributed, we can be no less astonished at the wonderful directive influence exercised by the asters upon the nuclei; {{...}}}}

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
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      <text bytes="11006" sha1="lmzhwhm9awcr0t7r46vfe1eaija6u4z" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 20170317 Bunte Tache von Empik.jpg
|caption1 = ထူင်ၸေႈ ဢၼ်မီးသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ် (sense 1.2) ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
|image2 = Chromatic notes diagram.png
|caption2 = ႁၢင်ႈၽၢင် ဢၼ်တႅၵ်ႈၼိူင်း သဵင်ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ သဵင် diatonic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်) တင်း သဵင်သဵင် chromatic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ၊ လွင်ႈႁူႉႁၼ် 2.2)။
|image3 = ChromaticScale.ogg
|caption3 = ၶိူင်ႈတႅၵ်ႈသီ (sense 2.2) ဢၼ်လဵၼ်ႈၼိူဝ် ၽီႇယႃႇၼူဝ်ႇ။
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chromatic.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/|[-ɾɪk]|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ætɪk|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|chro|mat|ic}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-,more}}

# {{non-gloss|Uses relating to colour}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable}} ဢၼ်မီးၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း သီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ်။
##: {{antonyms|en|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|comparable}} သီလမ်၊ သီလမ် ႁၢင်ႈလီ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|drab|dull|colourless|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|optics}} မီးၼမ်ႉၵတ်ႉ တႃႇၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄ သီသၢႆလႅင်း လူၺ်ႈ လွင်ႈၶိုၼ်းလႅင်း။
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|graph theory}} ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်းလွင်ႈ ဢဝ်သီ ၵရၢပ်ႉ။
# {{lb|en|uncomparable|music}}
## {{lb|en|Ancient Greece|historical}} ၼႂ်းသၢမ်မဵဝ်းၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ (တၢင်ႇဢၼ်ပဵၼ် diatonic လႄႈ enharmonic) ဢၼ်မီးၵႄႈၵၢင် ၶိုင်ႈၼိုင်ႈလႄႈ သီႇပုၼ်ႈႁႃႈပုၼ်ႈ ၶွင်ၵႄႈၵၢင်တင်းမူတ်းၶွင် tetrachord ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
## ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း ၼူတ်ႉ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇပႃးၼႂ်း သဵင် diatonic scale ၶွင် key ဢၼ်တႅမ်ႈဝႆႉ ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|diatonic}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:William Batchelder Bradbury|William B[atchelder] Bradbury]]; [[w:George Frederick Root|George F[rederick] Root]]; assisted by [[w:Thomas Hastings (composer)|Thomas Hastings]]; T[imothy] B. Mason|chapter=The Singing Class|title=The Shawm: Library of Church Music:{{nb...|Embracing about One Thousand Pieces, Consisting of Psalm and Hymn Tunes Adapted to Every Meter in Use, Anthems, Chants, and Set Pieces; to which is Added an Original Cantata, Entitled Daniel; or, The Captivity and Restoration. Including, also, The Singing Class, an Entirely New and Practical Arrangement of the Elements of Music, Interspersed with Social Part-songs for Practice.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Mason Brothers,{{nb...|596 Broadway, New York; 154 Tremont St., Boston. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co.; Cincinnati: Sargent, Wilson &amp; Hinkle; Chicago: Root &amp; Cady.}}|year=1853|section=lesson VIII (Dynamics (Power of Sounds))|page=23|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QOi23dJSIG0C&amp;pg=PA23|column=1|oclc=886676842|passage=All the intervals of the scale that are a whole tone (step) distant from each other may be divided into half tones, (small steps), forming an entire scale of small intervals, (half tones), called the '''Chromatic''' Scale. {{...}} All the tones (steps) of the scale being thus divided, either by means of the sharp or flat, we shall have for our '''Chromatic''' Scale thirteen intervals, of a half tone (small step) each.}}
## ၶၢႆႉၵႂႃႇၼႂ်းသဵင်ၶိုင်ႈ။

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|amphichromatic|apochromat|bathochromatic|chorochromatic|chromaticize|fluorochromatic|heterochromatic|hexachromatic|idiochromatic|kinechromatic|omnichromatic|pentachromatic|perichromatic|quadchromatic|spatiochromatic|tetrachromat
|achromatic
|allochromatic
|bichromatic
|biochromatic
|chromatic aberration
|chromatic number
|chromatic scale|chromatic semitone
|chromatical
|chromatically
|chromaticism
|chromaticity
|chromaticness
|dichromatic
|homochromatic
|hyperchromatic
|interchromatic
|isochromatic
|lithochromatic
|monochromatic
|multichromatic
|nonchromatic
|normochromatic
|orthochromatic
|panchromatic
|photochromatic
|polychromatic
|tetrachromatic
|thermochromatic
|trichromatic
|xanthochromatic
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|chromo-
|chromato-
|-chrome
|chromosome
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|characterized or caused by, or relating to, colour or hue}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|գունային}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|хроматичен}}, {{t+|bg|цветен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|chromatický}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|lit-}}, {{t|is|lita-}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|glédhathach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|хроматикалық}}, {{t|kk|хроматтық}}, {{t|kk|түсті}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cromático}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}, {{t+|ru|цветно́й}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|kulayin}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|brightly coloured|colourful|vivid}}

{{trans-top|having the capacity to separate spectral colours by refraction}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|one of three types of tetrachord}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chromatique}}
* German: {{t+|de|chromatisch}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|krómatískur}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|leath-thonach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|クロマチック|tr=kuromachikku na|alt=クロマチックな}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|kromatisk}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|kromatisk}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{suffix|en|chromatin|ic|pos2={{glossary|suffix}} meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming {{glossary|adjective}}s from {{glossary|noun}}s}}.

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|biology}} ဢၼ်ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇၵၼ်တၢင်း chromatin (လွင်ႈသုၵ်ႉသၢၵ်ႉၶွင် DNA ၊ RNA လႄႈ ထၢတ်ႈပရူဝ်ႇတိၼ်း ၼ်ႂးၼယူးၵရီးယႃးသႄး(လ်) ဢၼ်ၶရူဝ်ႇမူဝ်ႇသူမ်းၶဝ် ၸုတုမ်ၵၼ်ဝႆႉ ၽွင်းယၢမ်းသႄး(လ်) ၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Gray M‘Kendrick [''i.e.'', {{w|John Gray McKendrick}}]|title=IV.—On the Modern Cell Theory, and the Phenomena of Fecundation.|journal=Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow|location=Glasgow|publisher=Published for the [[w:Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow|[Philosophical] Society [of Glasgow]]] by [[w:John Smith &amp; Son|John Smith and Son]],{{nb...|129 West George Street, Glasgow.}}|date=14 December 1887|year_published=1888|volume=XIX|page=84|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ApgkAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA84|oclc=1181953837|passage=Each nucleus has, then, (1) a protoplasmic body, and (2) a portion formed of nuclein, which is the chromatin of [[w:Walther Flemming|[Walther] Flemming]]. {{...}} The '''chromatic''' reticulum of Flemming is only an appearance due to the regular crossing of its convolutions, rarely to their temporary union.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:Harold Wager|Harold W[illiam] T[aylor] Wager]]|title=4. Observations on the Structure of the Nuclei in ''Peronospora'', and on Their Behaviour during the Formation of the Oosphere.|journal=Report of the Fifty-ninth Meeting of the [[w:British Science Association|British Association for the Advancement of Science]] Held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in September 1889|location=London|publisher=[[w:John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]],{{nb...|Albemarle Street.}}|month=September|year=1889|year_published=1890|section=section D ([Transactions of the Biology Section])|page=619|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=heIvAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA3-PA619|oclc=815726238|passage=The '''chromatic''' threads next arrange themselves in the equatorial plane of the nucleus, and then divide into two groups of threads, each of which forms a daughter nucleus.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:August Weismann|[August] Weismann]]|title=Prof. Weismann’s Theory of Heredity|journal=[[w:Nature (journal)|Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science]]|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan and Co.]]|date=6 February 1890|volume=XLI|issue=1058|page=320|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lZGAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA320|column=2|oclc=64051812|passage=Prof. [[w:Sydney Howard Vines|[Sydney Howard] Vines]] also attacks my view of the idioplasmatic nature of the ''nuclear'' substance (the '''chromatic''' grains); and maintains that it is as easy to speak of the continuity of the cell-body as of that of the nuclear substance, and that the one may transmit heritable qualities to progeny as well as the other.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edwin Conklin|E[dwin] G[rant] Conklin]]|chapter=Second Lecture. The Fertilization of the Ovum.|title=Biological Lectures Delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood’s Holl{{sic|Hole}} in the Summer Session of 1893|location=Boston, Mass.|publisher=[[w:Pearson Education|Ginn &amp; Company]]|year=1893|year_published=1894|page=29|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7oVAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA29|oclc=33876789|passage=If we are amazed at the precision with which the '''chromatic''' elements of the nucleus are divided and distributed, we can be no less astonished at the wonderful directive influence exercised by the asters upon the nuclei; {{...}}}}

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
      <sha1>lmzhwhm9awcr0t7r46vfe1eaija6u4z</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <id>266629</id>
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        <id>1305</id>
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      <text bytes="10871" sha1="3qa8hh67xcyv6rft8yc8zr77mkmptp4" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 20170317 Bunte Tache von Empik.jpg
|caption1 = ထူင်ၸေႈ ဢၼ်မီးသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ် (sense 1.2) ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
|image2 = Chromatic notes diagram.png
|caption2 = ႁၢင်ႈၽၢင် ဢၼ်တႅၵ်ႈၼိူင်း သဵင်ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ သဵင် diatonic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်) တင်း သဵင်သဵင် chromatic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ၊ လွင်ႈႁူႉႁၼ် 2.2)။
|image3 = ChromaticScale.ogg
|caption3 = ၶိူင်ႈတႅၵ်ႈသီ (sense 2.2) ဢၼ်လဵၼ်ႈၼိူဝ် ၽီႇယႃႇၼူဝ်ႇ။
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chromatic.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/|[-ɾɪk]|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ætɪk|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|chro|mat|ic}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|-,more}}

# {{non-gloss|Uses relating to colour}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable}} ဢၼ်မီးၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း သီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ်။
##: {{antonyms|en|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|comparable}} သီလမ်၊ သီလမ် ႁၢင်ႈလီ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|drab|dull|colourless|nonchromatic}}
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|optics}} မီးၼမ်ႉၵတ်ႉ တႃႇၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄ သီသၢႆလႅင်း လူၺ်ႈ လွင်ႈၶိုၼ်းလႅင်း။
## {{lb|en|uncomparable|graph theory}} ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်းလွင်ႈ ဢဝ်သီ ၵရၢပ်ႉ။
# {{lb|en|uncomparable|music}}
## {{lb|en|Ancient Greece|historical}} ၼႂ်းသၢမ်မဵဝ်းၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ (တၢင်ႇဢၼ်ပဵၼ် diatonic လႄႈ enharmonic) ဢၼ်မီးၵႄႈၵၢင် ၶိုင်ႈၼိုင်ႈလႄႈ သီႇပုၼ်ႈႁႃႈပုၼ်ႈ ၶွင်ၵႄႈၵၢင်တင်းမူတ်းၶွင် tetrachord ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
## ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း ၼူတ်ႉ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇပႃးၼႂ်း သဵင် diatonic scale ၶွင် key ဢၼ်တႅမ်ႈဝႆႉ ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|diatonic}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:William Batchelder Bradbury|William B[atchelder] Bradbury]]; [[w:George Frederick Root|George F[rederick] Root]]; assisted by [[w:Thomas Hastings (composer)|Thomas Hastings]]; T[imothy] B. Mason|chapter=The Singing Class|title=The Shawm: Library of Church Music:{{nb...|Embracing about One Thousand Pieces, Consisting of Psalm and Hymn Tunes Adapted to Every Meter in Use, Anthems, Chants, and Set Pieces; to which is Added an Original Cantata, Entitled Daniel; or, The Captivity and Restoration. Including, also, The Singing Class, an Entirely New and Practical Arrangement of the Elements of Music, Interspersed with Social Part-songs for Practice.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Mason Brothers,{{nb...|596 Broadway, New York; 154 Tremont St., Boston. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &amp; Co.; Cincinnati: Sargent, Wilson &amp; Hinkle; Chicago: Root &amp; Cady.}}|year=1853|section=lesson VIII (Dynamics (Power of Sounds))|page=23|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QOi23dJSIG0C&amp;pg=PA23|column=1|oclc=886676842|passage=All the intervals of the scale that are a whole tone (step) distant from each other may be divided into half tones, (small steps), forming an entire scale of small intervals, (half tones), called the '''Chromatic''' Scale. {{...}} All the tones (steps) of the scale being thus divided, either by means of the sharp or flat, we shall have for our '''Chromatic''' Scale thirteen intervals, of a half tone (small step) each.}}
## ၶၢႆႉၵႂႃႇၼႂ်းသဵင်ၶိုင်ႈ။

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|amphichromatic|apochromat|bathochromatic|chorochromatic|chromaticize|fluorochromatic|heterochromatic|hexachromatic|idiochromatic|kinechromatic|omnichromatic|pentachromatic|perichromatic|quadchromatic|spatiochromatic|tetrachromat
|achromatic
|allochromatic
|bichromatic
|biochromatic
|chromatic aberration
|chromatic number
|chromatic scale|chromatic semitone
|chromatical
|chromatically
|chromaticism
|chromaticity
|chromaticness
|dichromatic
|homochromatic
|hyperchromatic
|interchromatic
|isochromatic
|lithochromatic
|monochromatic
|multichromatic
|nonchromatic
|normochromatic
|orthochromatic
|panchromatic
|photochromatic
|polychromatic
|tetrachromatic
|thermochromatic
|trichromatic
|xanthochromatic
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|chromo-
|chromato-
|-chrome
|chromosome
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|characterized or caused by, or relating to, colour or hue}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|գունային}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|хроматичен}}, {{t+|bg|цветен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|chromatický}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|lit-}}, {{t|is|lita-}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|glédhathach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|хроматикалық}}, {{t|kk|хроматтық}}, {{t|kk|түсті}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cromático}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}, {{t+|ru|цветно́й}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|kulayin}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|brightly coloured|colourful|vivid}}

{{trans-top|having the capacity to separate spectral colours by refraction}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|one of three types of tetrachord}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cromàtic}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kromata}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chromatique}}
* German: {{t+|de|chromatisch}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|krómatískur}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kromatika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kromatis}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|crómatach}}, {{t|ga|leath-thonach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cromatico}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|クロマチック|tr=kuromachikku na|alt=クロマチックな}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|kromatisk}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|kromatisk}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chromatyczny}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cromatic}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|хромати́ческий}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cromático}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kromatisk}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|biology}} ဢၼ်ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇၵၼ်တၢင်း chromatin (လွင်ႈသုၵ်ႉသၢၵ်ႉၶွင် DNA ၊ RNA လႄႈ ထၢတ်ႈပရူဝ်ႇတိၼ်း ၼ်ႂးၼယူးၵရီးယႃးသႄး(လ်) ဢၼ်ၶရူဝ်ႇမူဝ်ႇသူမ်းၶဝ် ၸုတုမ်ၵၼ်ဝႆႉ ၽွင်းယၢမ်းသႄး(လ်) ၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Gray M‘Kendrick [''i.e.'', {{w|John Gray McKendrick}}]|title=IV.—On the Modern Cell Theory, and the Phenomena of Fecundation.|journal=Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow|location=Glasgow|publisher=Published for the [[w:Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow|[Philosophical] Society [of Glasgow]]] by [[w:John Smith &amp; Son|John Smith and Son]],{{nb...|129 West George Street, Glasgow.}}|date=14 December 1887|year_published=1888|volume=XIX|page=84|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ApgkAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA84|oclc=1181953837|passage=Each nucleus has, then, (1) a protoplasmic body, and (2) a portion formed of nuclein, which is the chromatin of [[w:Walther Flemming|[Walther] Flemming]]. {{...}} The '''chromatic''' reticulum of Flemming is only an appearance due to the regular crossing of its convolutions, rarely to their temporary union.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:Harold Wager|Harold W[illiam] T[aylor] Wager]]|title=4. Observations on the Structure of the Nuclei in ''Peronospora'', and on Their Behaviour during the Formation of the Oosphere.|journal=Report of the Fifty-ninth Meeting of the [[w:British Science Association|British Association for the Advancement of Science]] Held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in September 1889|location=London|publisher=[[w:John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]],{{nb...|Albemarle Street.}}|month=September|year=1889|year_published=1890|section=section D ([Transactions of the Biology Section])|page=619|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=heIvAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA3-PA619|oclc=815726238|passage=The '''chromatic''' threads next arrange themselves in the equatorial plane of the nucleus, and then divide into two groups of threads, each of which forms a daughter nucleus.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:August Weismann|[August] Weismann]]|title=Prof. Weismann’s Theory of Heredity|journal=[[w:Nature (journal)|Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science]]|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan and Co.]]|date=6 February 1890|volume=XLI|issue=1058|page=320|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lZGAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA320|column=2|oclc=64051812|passage=Prof. [[w:Sydney Howard Vines|[Sydney Howard] Vines]] also attacks my view of the idioplasmatic nature of the ''nuclear'' substance (the '''chromatic''' grains); and maintains that it is as easy to speak of the continuity of the cell-body as of that of the nuclear substance, and that the one may transmit heritable qualities to progeny as well as the other.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edwin Conklin|E[dwin] G[rant] Conklin]]|chapter=Second Lecture. The Fertilization of the Ovum.|title=Biological Lectures Delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood’s Holl{{sic|Hole}} in the Summer Session of 1893|location=Boston, Mass.|publisher=[[w:Pearson Education|Ginn &amp; Company]]|year=1893|year_published=1894|page=29|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7oVAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA29|oclc=33876789|passage=If we are amazed at the precision with which the '''chromatic''' elements of the nucleus are divided and distributed, we can be no less astonished at the wonderful directive influence exercised by the asters upon the nuclei; {{...}}}}

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
      <sha1>3qa8hh67xcyv6rft8yc8zr77mkmptp4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>266631</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-24T00:28:56Z</timestamp>
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        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
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      <text bytes="7347" sha1="t42oab1m4cnw8ao5r2enir2w23sklc8" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 20170317 Bunte Tache von Empik.jpg
|caption1 = ထူင်ၸေႈ ဢၼ်မီးသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ် (sense 1.2) ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
|image2 = Chromatic notes diagram.png
|caption2 = ႁၢင်ႈၽၢင် ဢၼ်တႅၵ်ႈၼိူင်း သဵင်ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ သဵင် diatonic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်) တင်း သဵင်သဵင် chromatic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ၊ လွင်ႈႁူႉႁၼ် 2.2)။
|image3 = ChromaticScale.ogg
|caption3 = ၶိူင်ႈတႅၵ်ႈသီ (sense 2.2) ဢၼ်လဵၼ်ႈၼိူဝ် ၽီႇယႃႇၼူဝ်ႇ။
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chromatic.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/|[-ɾɪk]|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ætɪk|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|chro|mat|ic}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|-,more}}

# {{non-gloss|Uses relating to colour}}
## ဢၼ်မီးၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း သီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ်။
##: {{antonyms|en|nonchromatic}}
## သီလမ်၊ သီလမ် ႁၢင်ႈလီ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|drab|dull|colourless|nonchromatic}}
## မီးၼမ်ႉၵတ်ႉ တႃႇၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄ သီသၢႆလႅင်း လူၺ်ႈ လွင်ႈၶိုၼ်းလႅင်း။
## ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်းလွင်ႈ ဢဝ်သီ ၵရၢပ်ႉ။
#
## ၼႂ်းသၢမ်မဵဝ်းၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ (တၢင်ႇဢၼ်ပဵၼ် diatonic လႄႈ enharmonic) ဢၼ်မီးၵႄႈၵၢင် ၶိုင်ႈၼိုင်ႈလႄႈ သီႇပုၼ်ႈႁႃႈပုၼ်ႈ ၶွင်ၵႄႈၵၢင်တင်းမူတ်းၶွင် tetrachord ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
## ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း ၼူတ်ႉ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇပႃးၼႂ်း သဵင် diatonic scale ၶွင် key ဢၼ်တႅမ်ႈဝႆႉ ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|diatonic}}
## ၶၢႆႉၵႂႃႇၼႂ်းသဵင်ၶိုင်ႈ။

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|amphichromatic|apochromat|bathochromatic|chorochromatic|chromaticize|fluorochromatic|heterochromatic|hexachromatic|idiochromatic|kinechromatic|omnichromatic|pentachromatic|perichromatic|quadchromatic|spatiochromatic|tetrachromat
|achromatic
|allochromatic
|bichromatic
|biochromatic
|chromatic aberration
|chromatic number
|chromatic scale|chromatic semitone
|chromatical
|chromatically
|chromaticism
|chromaticity
|chromaticness
|dichromatic
|homochromatic
|hyperchromatic
|interchromatic
|isochromatic
|lithochromatic
|monochromatic
|multichromatic
|nonchromatic
|normochromatic
|orthochromatic
|panchromatic
|photochromatic
|polychromatic
|tetrachromatic
|thermochromatic
|trichromatic
|xanthochromatic
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|chromo-
|chromato-
|-chrome
|chromosome
}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|-}}

# ဢၼ်ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇၵၼ်တၢင်း chromatin (လွင်ႈသုၵ်ႉသၢၵ်ႉၶွင် DNA ၊ RNA လႄႈ ထၢတ်ႈပရူဝ်ႇတိၼ်း ၼ်ႂးၼယူးၵရီးယႃးသႄး(လ်) ဢၼ်ၶရူဝ်ႇမူဝ်ႇသူမ်းၶဝ် ၸုတုမ်ၵၼ်ဝႆႉ ၽွင်းယၢမ်းသႄး(လ်) ၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Gray M‘Kendrick [''i.e.'', {{w|John Gray McKendrick}}]|title=IV.—On the Modern Cell Theory, and the Phenomena of Fecundation.|journal=Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow|location=Glasgow|publisher=Published for the [[w:Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow|[Philosophical] Society [of Glasgow]]] by [[w:John Smith &amp; Son|John Smith and Son]],{{nb...|129 West George Street, Glasgow.}}|date=14 December 1887|year_published=1888|volume=XIX|page=84|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=ApgkAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA84|oclc=1181953837|passage=Each nucleus has, then, (1) a protoplasmic body, and (2) a portion formed of nuclein, which is the chromatin of [[w:Walther Flemming|[Walther] Flemming]]. {{...}} The '''chromatic''' reticulum of Flemming is only an appearance due to the regular crossing of its convolutions, rarely to their temporary union.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:Harold Wager|Harold W[illiam] T[aylor] Wager]]|title=4. Observations on the Structure of the Nuclei in ''Peronospora'', and on Their Behaviour during the Formation of the Oosphere.|journal=Report of the Fifty-ninth Meeting of the [[w:British Science Association|British Association for the Advancement of Science]] Held at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in September 1889|location=London|publisher=[[w:John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]],{{nb...|Albemarle Street.}}|month=September|year=1889|year_published=1890|section=section D ([Transactions of the Biology Section])|page=619|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=heIvAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA3-PA619|oclc=815726238|passage=The '''chromatic''' threads next arrange themselves in the equatorial plane of the nucleus, and then divide into two groups of threads, each of which forms a daughter nucleus.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:August Weismann|[August] Weismann]]|title=Prof. Weismann’s Theory of Heredity|journal=[[w:Nature (journal)|Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science]]|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan and Co.]]|date=6 February 1890|volume=XLI|issue=1058|page=320|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lZGAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA320|column=2|oclc=64051812|passage=Prof. [[w:Sydney Howard Vines|[Sydney Howard] Vines]] also attacks my view of the idioplasmatic nature of the ''nuclear'' substance (the '''chromatic''' grains); and maintains that it is as easy to speak of the continuity of the cell-body as of that of the nuclear substance, and that the one may transmit heritable qualities to progeny as well as the other.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edwin Conklin|E[dwin] G[rant] Conklin]]|chapter=Second Lecture. The Fertilization of the Ovum.|title=Biological Lectures Delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood’s Holl{{sic|Hole}} in the Summer Session of 1893|location=Boston, Mass.|publisher=[[w:Pearson Education|Ginn &amp; Company]]|year=1893|year_published=1894|page=29|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7oVAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA29|oclc=33876789|passage=If we are amazed at the precision with which the '''chromatic''' elements of the nucleus are divided and distributed, we can be no less astonished at the wonderful directive influence exercised by the asters upon the nuclei; {{...}}}}

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
      <sha1>t42oab1m4cnw8ao5r2enir2w23sklc8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>266632</id>
      <parentid>266631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-24T00:31:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>266632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4101" sha1="glcfgny9ilvcnku51ksc49serh3d0mn" xml:space="preserve">==ဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ==

===သဵင်ဢွၵ်ႇ===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 20170317 Bunte Tache von Empik.jpg
|caption1 = ထူင်ၸေႈ ဢၼ်မီးသီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ် (sense 1.2) ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
|image2 = Chromatic notes diagram.png
|caption2 = ႁၢင်ႈၽၢင် ဢၼ်တႅၵ်ႈၼိူင်း သဵင်ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်မီးတီႈ သဵင် diatonic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇၼိူဝ်) တင်း သဵင်သဵင် chromatic (ၵူၼ်းႁဵတ်းၵၢၼ် ၽၢႆႇတႂ်ႈ၊ လွင်ႈႁူႉႁၼ် 2.2)။
|image3 = ChromaticScale.ogg
|caption3 = ၶိူင်ႈတႅၵ်ႈသီ (sense 2.2) ဢၼ်လဵၼ်ႈၼိူဝ် ၽီႇယႃႇၼူဝ်ႇ။
}}

* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chromatic.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/|/kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/|[-ɾɪk]|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ætɪk|s=3}}
* {{hyphenation|en|chro|mat|ic}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|-,more}}

# {{non-gloss|Uses relating to colour}}
## ဢၼ်မီးၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ပဵၼ်မႃးယွၼ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း သီ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် သီလမ်။
##: {{antonyms|en|nonchromatic}}
## သီလမ်၊ သီလမ် ႁၢင်ႈလီ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|drab|dull|colourless|nonchromatic}}
## မီးၼမ်ႉၵတ်ႉ တႃႇၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄ သီသၢႆလႅင်း လူၺ်ႈ လွင်ႈၶိုၼ်းလႅင်း။
## ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်းလွင်ႈ ဢဝ်သီ ၵရၢပ်ႉ။
#
## ၼႂ်းသၢမ်မဵဝ်းၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ (တၢင်ႇဢၼ်ပဵၼ် diatonic လႄႈ enharmonic) ဢၼ်မီးၵႄႈၵၢင် ၶိုင်ႈၼိုင်ႈလႄႈ သီႇပုၼ်ႈႁႃႈပုၼ်ႈ ၶွင်ၵႄႈၵၢင်တင်းမူတ်းၶွင် tetrachord ၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။
## ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း ၼူတ်ႉ ဢၼ်ဢမ်ႇပႃးၼႂ်း သဵင် diatonic scale ၶွင် key ဢၼ်တႅမ်ႈဝႆႉ ၽဵင်းၵႂၢမ်း ဢၼ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
##: {{antonyms|en|achromatic|diatonic}}
## ၶၢႆႉၵႂႃႇၼႂ်းသဵင်ၶိုင်ႈ။

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|amphichromatic|apochromat|bathochromatic|chorochromatic|chromaticize|fluorochromatic|heterochromatic|hexachromatic|idiochromatic|kinechromatic|omnichromatic|pentachromatic|perichromatic|quadchromatic|spatiochromatic|tetrachromat
|achromatic
|allochromatic
|bichromatic
|biochromatic
|chromatic aberration
|chromatic number
|chromatic scale|chromatic semitone
|chromatical
|chromatically
|chromaticism
|chromaticity
|chromaticness
|dichromatic
|homochromatic
|hyperchromatic
|interchromatic
|isochromatic
|lithochromatic
|monochromatic
|multichromatic
|nonchromatic
|normochromatic
|orthochromatic
|panchromatic
|photochromatic
|polychromatic
|tetrachromatic
|thermochromatic
|trichromatic
|xanthochromatic
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|chromo-
|chromato-
|-chrome
|chromosome
}}

===ၵမ်ႉႁိၵ်ႈ===
{{en-adj|-}}

# ဢၼ်ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇၵၼ်တၢင်း chromatin (လွင်ႈသုၵ်ႉသၢၵ်ႉၶွင် DNA ၊ RNA လႄႈ ထၢတ်ႈပရူဝ်ႇတိၼ်း ၼ်ႂးၼယူးၵရီးယႃးသႄး(လ်) ဢၼ်ၶရူဝ်ႇမူဝ်ႇသူမ်းၶဝ် ၸုတုမ်ၵၼ်ဝႆႉ ၽွင်းယၢမ်းသႄး(လ်) ၸႅၵ်ႇၽႄၼၼ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။

===ၽိုၼ်ဢိင်===
# {{VPS Ref}}</text>
      <sha1>glcfgny9ilvcnku51ksc49serh3d0mn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>away</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55475</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266626</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T23:39:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;{{see also|’away}} ==English== {{wp|[[+|+ (disambiguation)]]}}  ===Pronunciation=== * {{enPR|ə-wā'}}; {{IPA|en|/əˈweɪ/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-away.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|En-uk-away.ogg|a=UK}} * {{rhymes|en|eɪ|s=2}} * {{homophones|en|aweigh}} * {{hyphenation|en|a|way}}  ===Etymology 1=== From {{inh|en|enm|away}}, {{m|enm|awey}}, {{m|enm|awei}}, {{m|enm|oway}}, {{m|enm|o wey}}, {{m|enm|on way}}, from {{inh|en|a...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>266626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19349" sha1="jsr37fmoxzo80i3264e4a5b0jkoxm0w" xml:space="preserve">{{see also|’away}}
==English==
{{wp|[[+|+ (disambiguation)]]}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|ə-wā'}}; {{IPA|en|/əˈweɪ/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-away.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|En-uk-away.ogg|a=UK}}
* {{rhymes|en|eɪ|s=2}}
* {{homophones|en|aweigh}}
* {{hyphenation|en|a|way}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|away}}, {{m|enm|awey}}, {{m|enm|awei}}, {{m|enm|oway}}, {{m|enm|o wey}}, {{m|enm|on way}}, from {{inh|en|ang|āweġ}}, {{m|ang|onweġ||away}}, originally {{m|ang|on weġ||on one's way; onward; on}}, equivalent to {{prefix|en|a|t1=on|way}}.

Cognate with {{cog|sco|awa}}, {{m|sco|away||away}}, {{cog|ofs|aweg}}, {{m|ofs|awei|t=away}}, {{cog|stq|wäch}}, {{m|stq|wääge|t=away}}, {{cog|nl|weg||away}}, {{cog|de|weg||away}}, {{cog|da|væk||away}}, {{cog|sv|i väg||away; off; along}}.

====Adverb====
{{en-adv|-}}

# From a place, [[hence#Adverb|hence]].
#: {{ux|en|He went '''away''' on vacation.}}
#* {{RQ:Travers Cuckoo in the Nest|chapter=5|passage=The departure was not unduly prolonged.{{...}}Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments{{...}}; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily '''away''' into obscurity.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2014-06-14|volume=411|issue=8891|magazine=w:The Economist
|title=[http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21604091-it-possible-sniff-out-problems-sewer-pipes-they-happen-its-gas It's a gas]
|passage=One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it '''away''' in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.}}
# Aside; off; in another direction.
#: {{ux|en|I tried to approach him, but he turned '''away'''.}}
# Aside, so as to discard something.
#: {{co|en|throw '''away''''', ''chuck '''away''''', ''toss '''away'''}}
# At a stated distance in time or space.
#: {{ux|en|Christmas is only two weeks '''away'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1948|author=[[w:Carey McWilliams (journalist)|Carey McWilliams]]|title=North from Mexico / The Spanish-Speaking People of The United States|publisher=J. B. Lippincott Company|page=25
|passage=While De Anza was exploring the Bay of San Francisco, seeking a site for the presidio, the American colonists on the eastern seaboard, three thousand miles '''away''', were celebrating the signing of the Declaration of Independence.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-06-08|volume=407|issue=8839|page=52|magazine=w:The Economist
|title=[http://www.economist.com/news/international/21579039-chinas-growing-empire-ports-abroad-mainly-about-trade-not-aggression-new-masters The new masters and commanders]
|passage=From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble '''away'''.}}
# In or to something's usual or proper storage place.
#: {{ux|en|I'll dry the dishes and you put them '''away'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|Please file '''away''' these documents.}}
# In or to a secure or out-of-the-way place.
#: {{ux|en|The jewels were locked '''away''' in the safe.}}
#: {{ux|en|He was shut '''away''' in the castle tower for six months.}}
# From a state or condition of being; out of existence.
#: {{co|en|fade '''away''''', ''die '''away'''}}
#: {{co|en|I'll sleep the rest of the day '''away'''/out and, hopefully, I'll manage to sleep this hangover off/'''away'''.}}
# So as to remove or use up something.
#: {{ux|en|The weather has [[wear away|worn '''away''']] the inscription, and it is no longer legible.}}
#: {{ux|en|Please wipe '''away''' this spilled drink.}}
#: {{ux|en|He gambled his inheritance '''away'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|That's where tourists go to hear great Cuban bands and dance the night '''away'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|I've just idled '''away''' the morning.}}
# {{lb|en|as imperative|by ellipsis}} Come away; go away; take away.
#: {{ux|en|'''Away'''! Be gone! And don't let me see you round here again!}}
#* '''1933'''+, Fran Striker, ''The [[Lone Ranger]]'', WXYZ-AM
#*: Hi-yo Silver, '''away'''!
# {{senseid|en|in continuance}} On; in continuance; without intermission or delay.
#: {{ux|en|She's been in her room all day, working '''away''' at her computer.}}
# Without restraint.
#: {{ux|en|You've got questions? Ask '''away'''!}}&lt;!-- ''Anchors '''away'''!''--&gt;
#: {{ux|en|I saw her whaling '''away''' at her detractors.}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{sense|away from a place}} {{l|en|at bay}}, {{l|en|off}}, {{l|en|off-}}, {{l|en|ab-}}, {{l|en|apo-}}, {{l|en|de-}}, {{l|en|out-}}, {{l|en|afield}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|from a place; hence}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|shkuar}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|بَعِيدًا}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|بعيد|tr=beʕīd}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|прэч}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|дале́ч}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|fora}}
* Cimbrian: {{t|cim|budar}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|pryč}}
* Danish: {{t|da|væk}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|weg}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pois}}, {{t|fi|poispäin}}
* French: {{t+|fr|loin}}
* German: {{t+|de|fort}}, {{t+|de|weg}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌰𐍆}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|μακριά}}
*: Ancient Greek: {{t|grc|ἀπό}}, {{t|grc|ἀπο-}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|í brott}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|pois}}, {{t|izh|pakkoo}}, {{t|izh|väljää}}, {{t|izh|vällää}}, {{t|izh|poikkee}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|via}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|[[遠く|遠くに]]|tr=tooku ni}}, {{t|ja|[[遠方|遠方に]]|tr=empou ni}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ឆ្ងាយ|tr=cŋaay}}
* K'iche': {{t|quc|ub'i}}, {{t|quc|ub'ik}}, {{t|quc|b'ik}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|hinc}}, {{t|la|a loco}}, {{t+|la|loci}}, {{t+|la|foras}}, {{t+|la|foris}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|ewech}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|bort}}, {{t|nb|vekk}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|bort}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|stąd}}, {{t+|pl|precz}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|embora}}
* Romanian: {{t|ro|de aici}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|прочь}}, {{t+|ru|вон}}, {{t+|ru|доло́й}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|preč}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|pròč}}, {{t+|sl|strán}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|fuera}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|bort}}, {{t+|sv|iväg}}, {{t+|sv|åstad}} {{qualifier|dated}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|at}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|геть}}, {{t|uk|пріч}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|i ffwrdd}}, {{t|cy|bant}} {{qualifier|South Wales}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|at a distance in time or space}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|päässä}}, {{t+|fi|kuluttua}}
* German: {{t+|de|fern}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ar shiúl}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ឆ្ងាយ|tr=cŋaay}}
* Norwegian:
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|unna}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|a}}, {{t|pt|daqui a}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|lejos}}, {{t+|es|distar}} {{qualifier|be away from}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|aside; off; in another direction}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pois}}, {{t|fi|poispäin}}
* German: {{t+|de|fort}}, {{t+|de|weg}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ឆ្ងាយ|tr=cŋaay}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|ewech}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|bort}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|bort}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|[[para]] [[fora]]}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|încolo}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|прочь}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|from a state or condition of being; out of existence}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|消|tr=xiāo}} {{qualifier|as first element in compounds}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pois}}
* German: {{t+|de|fort}}, {{t+|de|weg}}
* Greek:
*: Ancient Greek: {{t|grc|ἀπο-}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ឆ្ងាយ|tr=cŋaay}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|ewech}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|borte}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|borte}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|awa}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|preč}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|equivalent to an imperative: Go or come away; begone; take away}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pois}}
* German: {{t+|de|fort}}, {{t+|de|weg}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ចាកឆ្ងាយ|tr=caak cŋaay}}
* Latin: {{t|la|apage}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|ewech}}
* Norwegian:
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|bort}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sai}}, {{t+|pt|saia}}, {{t|pt|[[vai]]/[[vá]] [[embora]]}}, {{t|pt|[[suma]]/[[some]] [[daqui]]}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|прочь}}, {{t+|ru|вон}}, {{t+|ru|доло́й}} {{qualifier|take away; down with...}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|fuera}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|on; in continuance; without intermission or delay; as, sing away}}
* Finnish: ''use the frequentative form of the verb''
* Irish: {{t|ga|ar fad}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|នៅលើ|tr=nɨv lǝǝ}}
* Romanian: {{t|ro|în continuare}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|ďalej}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|sin parar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Georgian: {{t-check|ka|ვინმესგან}}
* Woiwurrung: {{t-check|wyi|yan'i}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}} &lt;!-- Previously listed under the heading &quot;to release&quot;, which does not correspond to any English definition, and is a stretch to interpret as adverbial anyway. --&gt;
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vain}}, {{t+|fi|pois}}, {{t+|fi|irti}}
* German: {{t+|de|los}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ចាកឆ្ងាយ|tr=caak cŋaay}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top|}} &lt;!-- Previously listed under the heading &quot;absent; gone; at a distance&quot;, but &quot;absent&quot; and &quot;gone&quot; are not adverbial, and it is unclear which English definition &quot;at a distance&quot; is supposed to refer to, as distinct from &quot;at a distance in time or space&quot; above --&gt;
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|poissa}}
* German: {{t+|de|fort}}, {{t+|de|weg}}
* Greek:
*: Ancient Greek: {{t|grc|νόσφι}} {{qualifier|poetic}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|lontano}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ឆ្ងាយ|tr=cŋaay}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|procul}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|borte}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|borte}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|longe}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|departe}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|ďaleko}}, {{t|sk|preč}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|lejos}}, {{t+|es|ausente}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Interjection====
{{en-intj}}

# {{lb|en|chiefly|_|Scotland|dismissal}} [[away with you|Away with you]]! [[go away|Go away]]! [[begone|Begone]]!

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# Not [[here]], [[go]]ne, absent, [[unavailable]], [[traveling]]; on [[vacation]].
#: {{ux|en|The master is '''away''' from home.}}
#: {{ux|en|Would you pick up my mail while I'm '''away'''.}}
# At a specified distance in space, time, or figuratively.
#: {{ux|en|He's miles '''away''' by now.}}
#: {{ux|en|Spring is still a month '''away'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|My office is only an hour '''away'''.}}
# {{lb|en|chiefly|sports}} Not on one's [[home]] territory.
#: {{ux|en|This is the entrance for '''away''' supporters.}}
#: {{ux|en|Next, they are playing '''away''' in Dallas.}}
# {{lb|en|baseball|following the noun modified}} [[out|Out]].
#: {{ux|en|Two men '''away''' in the bottom of the ninth.}}
# {{lb|en|golf}} Being the [[player]] whose [[ball]] lies farthest from the [[hole]] (or, in [[disc golf]], whose disc lies farthest from the target).
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2016|author=Justin Menickelli; Ryan Pickens|title=Definitive Guide to Disc Golf
|passage=For example, immediately after every person in the group has teed off, if you are clearly the '''away''' player (perhaps because you smacked your drive into the tree closest to the tee pad), you should grab your bag and try to be the first person advancing down the fairway.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|not here; gone}}
* Bulgarian: {{t-needed|bg}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|weg}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|poissa}}
* Georgian: {{t-needed|ka}}
* German: {{t+|de|fort}}, {{t+|de|weg}}, {{t+|de|abwesend}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|απών}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|fjarverandi}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|មិននៅ|tr=mɨn nɨv}}
* Norwegian:
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|unna}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|daleko}}, {{t+|pl|z dala}}, {{t+|pl|nieobecny}} (person)
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|ausente}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|absent}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|далеко́}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|awa}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|neprítomný}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|borta}}
* Turkish: {{t-needed|tr}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|unavailable}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|poissa}}
* German: {{t+|de|abwesend}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|ekki við}}, {{t|is|fjarverandi}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|niedostępny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|indisponível}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|indisponibil}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|недосту́пно}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|nedostupný}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|traveling; on vacation}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|poissa}}, {{t|fi|lomalla}}
* German: {{t+|de|fort}}, {{t+|de|weg}}, {{t+|de|unterwegs}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|fjarverandi}}, {{t+|is|í}} {{t+|is|frí}}i (on holiday)
* Norwegian:
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|borte}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|لرې|tr=lëre}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|na wyjeździe}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fora}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|odcestovaný}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|intransitive|poetic}} To depart; to go to another place.
#: {{ux|en|At 9 o'clock sharp he '''awayed''' to bed.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|shoo away|worlds away|stash away|up and away|away there|slog away
|abstract away from|toss away
|an apple a day keeps the doctor away|rub away
|autoaway
|auto-away|sport away|whittle away
|away at the races
|awayday
|away day
|away-day girl
|away from home
|away game
|away goal
|away goals rule
|away-going
|away in a hack
|away message
|awayness
|away side
|away swing
|away team
|away to the races
|awayward
|away with the fairies
|away with the pixies
|away with you
|back away
|bang away
|bargain away
|bat away
|bear away
|bear away the bell
|beaver away
|blast away
|blaze away
|blow away
|blow the cobwebs away
|boil away
|bombs away
|book away
|bottle away
|break away
|breakaway
|bring away
|bring oneself away
|brush away
|burn away
|by far and away
|call away
|cannot away with
|carried away
|carry away
|cart away
|cast away
|chase away
|chat away
|chip away
|chocks away
|chuck away
|chug away
|claw away
|clear away
|come away
|come away empty
|cut away
|cut-away
|cut away one's soul
|die away
|die-away
|do away with
|drain away
|draw away
|driveaway
|drive away
|drop away
|dry up and blow away
|eat away
|eat away at
|explain away
|fade-away
|fade away
|fall away
|far and away
|far away
|faraway
|far far away
|fend away
|fetch away
|fiddle away
|fie away
|figure away
|file away
|fill away
|fire away
|flag away
|fly-away
|flyaway
|foldaway
|fold away
|fool away
|footle away
|frit away
|fritter away
|from a mile away
|from away
|fuck away
|get-away
|getaway
|get away
|get away with
|get away with murder
|get away with you
|get one's end away
|give-away
|give away
|give-away shop
|give away the farm
|give away the store
|give one's daughter away
|give the game away
|give the store away
|give with one hand and take away with the other
|glance away
|go away
|go-away-bird
|go-away bird
|going away
|going away dress
|grow away from
|hack away
|hammer away
|hand away
|have it away
|hereaway
|hide away
|hideaway
|hit away
|hoistaway
|home-and-away
|home away from home
|inch away
|interpret away
|jaw away
|keep away
|keep-away
|keep away from
|laugh away
|lay away
|lock away
|lock someone up and throw away the key
|look away
|look like who did it and ran away
|love away
|make away
|make away with
|meltaway
|melt away
|miles away
|move away
|once and away
|out and away
|over the hills and far away
|pack away
|pack-away
|pass away
|peel away
|peg away
|pick away at
|piddle away
|pine away
|piss away
|plate away
|play away
|plug away
|pom-pom-pull-away
|pray away the gay
|pray the gay away
|pull away
|pull away the shoulder
|push away
|put away
|ridden hard and put away wet
|ride hard and put away wet
|ride someone hard and put them away wet
|right away
|right-away signal
|roar away
|rollaway
|roll away
|rot away
|run-away
|run away
|runaway
|run away from
|run away together
|run away with
|salt away
|scare away
|scurry away
|sell away
|sell in May and go away
|sell in May and stay away
|sell in May then go away
|send away
|send away for
|show away
|shrink away
|shut away
|shy away
|shy away from
|sign away
|skurry away
|slattern away
|slave away
|slip away
|slug away
|smooth away
|soak away,soakaway
|soaraway
|sock away
|spirit away
|square away
|squirrel away
|standaway
|stay away
|stay-away
|steal away
|store away
|stow away
|straight away
|strip away
|sweep away
|swing away
|tail away
|take-away
|take away
|take away from
|take it away
|take one's breath away
|take someone's breath away
|teach away
|tear away
|tearaway
|the one that got away
|there away
|this too shall pass away
|throw away
|throw-away
|throw away the key
|throw money away
|tick away
|towaway
|tow-away zone
|trade away
|trail away
|trans the gay away
|tuckaway
|tuck away
|turn away
|turning-away
|turning away
|walk-away
|walk away
|walk away from
|walk away with
|want-away
|wash away
|waste away
|wave away
|wayward
|wear away
|whale away
|wheel away
|when the cat's away
|when the cat's away the mice play
|when the cat's away the mice will play
|where away
|while away
|whisk away
|whither away
|wipe away
|wire away
|wish away
|wither away
|withering away of the state
|work away
}}

===Etymology 2===
See {{m|en|aweigh}}.

====Adjective====
{{head|en|misspelling}}

# {{misspelling of|en|aweigh}}.

===References===
* {{R:OneLook}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aawy|Yawa}}

{{cln|en|movement adverbs|position adverbs}}

==Cebuano==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|ceb|phi-pro|*áway}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{hyph|ceb|a|way}}
* {{ceb-IPA}}

===Noun===
{{ceb-noun|áway|b=+}}

# a [[fight]]; a [[physical]] [[confrontation]]
#: {{syn|ceb|buno}}
# a [[quarrel]]; a heated argument
#: {{syn|ceb|bingkil}}
# {{lb|ceb|sports}} a [[boxing]] or [[martial arts]] [[match]]
#: {{syn|ceb|takos}}
# a [[war]]
#: {{syn|ceb|gubat}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|ceb|moaway|mag-away|mangaway|awayon|kaaway}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|ceb|ayaw|yawa}}

{{C|ceb|Boxing|Talking|Violence}}

==Middle English==

===Adverb===
{{head|enm|adverb}}

# {{alternative form of|enm|awey}}

==Quechua==

===Verb===
{{head|qu|verb}}

# {{lb|qu|transitive}} To [[weave]].

====Conjugation====
{{qu-conj|awa}}

===See also===
* {{l|qu|sinp'ay}}

==Tagalog==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|tl|phi-pro|*áway}}. Compare {{cog|ceb|away}} and {{cog|war|away}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{tl-pr}}

===Noun===
{{tl-noun|b=+}}

# [[fight]]; [[quarrel]]; [[dispute]]
#: {{syn|tl|alit|alitan|bangay|bangayan|pag-aaway|babag|pagtatalo|hidwaan|tunggalian|labanan|taltalan|talakan|warla&lt;l:gay slang&gt;}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|tl|awayan|awayin|kaaway|makipag-away|mag-away|magkaaway|pag-aaway|palaaway|pakikipag-away|bahagyang pag-aaway|away-trapiko|mang-away}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:map:ACD|áway}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|tl|a=aawy|ayaw}}

==Waray-Waray==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|war|phi-pro|*áway}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{war-IPA}}

===Noun===
{{war-noun}}

# [[fight]]; [[quarrel]]; [[altercation]]; [[trouble]]

===References===
* {{R:war:Abuyen:2000||22}}

==Yola==

===Adverb===
{{head|yol|adverb}}

# {{alt form|yol|awye}}
#* {{quote-book|yol|year=1867|chapter=A YOLA ZONG|number=8|page=86|title=SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY|passage=More trolleen, an yalpeen, an moulteen '''away'''.|translation=More rolling and spewing, and pining '''away'''.}}

===References===
* {{R:Poole 1867|page=86}}</text>
      <sha1>jsr37fmoxzo80i3264e4a5b0jkoxm0w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>avian</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55476</id>
    <revision>
      <id>266628</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-23T23:45:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈဝႆႉ တင်း &quot;{{also|avían}} ==English==  ===Etymology=== From {{uder|en|la|avis||bird}} {{suffix|en||ian}}.  ===Pronunciation=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈeɪvi.ən/}} ** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-avian.wav|a=Southern England}}  ===Adjective=== {{en-adj|-}}  # ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း ၼူၵ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တူဝ်သတ်း ဢၼ်မိူၼ...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2276" sha1="028g3taxmzmdmgignrybrcayz55j55d" xml:space="preserve">{{also|avían}}
==English==

===Etymology===
From {{uder|en|la|avis||bird}} {{suffix|en||ian}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈeɪvi.ən/}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-avian.wav|a=Southern England}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|-}}

# ၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇၵပ်း ၼူၵ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တူဝ်သတ်း ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၼူၵ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိၼ်လႆႈ။
#: {{syn|en|birdly|birdy|Thesaurus:birdlike}}
#: {{coordinate terms|en|feathered|plumed|winged}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|en|antiavian|avianize|avianlike|non-avian|proavian|unavian|avian ingestion|avian flu|avian influenza|nonavian|avian dinosaur}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|of birds}}
* Breton: {{t|br|evnel}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|aviari}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|ptačí}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|birda}}
* French: {{t+|fr|avien}}, {{t+|fr|aviaire}}
* German: {{t+|de|vogelartig}}, {{t+|de|aviär}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|नभचर}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|aviario}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|조류의}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|burung}}
* Pannonian Rusyn: {{t|rsk|птичи}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ptasi}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|aviário}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|пти́чий}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|пти̏чјӣ}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|ptȉčjī}}
* Sorbian:
*: Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|ptaškowy}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|aviar}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|fågel|alt=fågel-}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|bödik}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|adarol}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Spanish: {{t-check|es|aviano}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{wp|+s}}
{{en-noun}}

# ၼူၵ်ႉတူဝ်ၼိုင်ႈ။
# တူဝ်သတ်း ဢၼ်မိူၼ်ၼူၵ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် ဢၼ်မိၼ်လႆႈ။
# {{lb|en|furry fandom}}{{C|en|Furry fandom}} ၵူၼ်းၵေႃႉဢၼ်လဵၼ်ႈတူဝ်ၸိူင်း ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် မွၵ်ႇလၢတ်ႈၼႄတူဝ်ၵဝ်ႇဝႃႈ ပဵၼ်တူဝ်ၼူၵ်ႉ ဢမ်ႇၼၼ် တူဝ်သတ်းမိူၼ်ၼူၵ်ႉ ဢၼ်မီးၽၢင်ႁၢင်ႈၵူၼ်း။
#: {{syn|en|feathery}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aainv|Avina|Navia|Viana}}</text>
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        <username>~2026-30775-24</username>
        <id>1305</id>
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      <comment>/* Dont put Delete on the english word Saiwamkham */ ၵၼ်ဢၼ်မႂ်ႇ</comment>
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      <text bytes="326" sha1="hiip6vp8s0yrvuwcpl8422oja2oobdl" xml:space="preserve">== Dont put Delete on the english word Saiwamkham ==

Do not remove that! [[ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း:လွင်ႈၶဝ်ႈႁူမ်ႈ/&amp;#126;2026-30775-24|&amp;#126;2026-30775-24]] ([[ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ၽူႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း:&amp;#126;2026-30775-24|talk]]) 07:44, 24 မေႇ 2026 (+0630)</text>
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      <text bytes="307" sha1="jgpx23xe6rwkro7pfd1sde5c6qtm82a" xml:space="preserve">== Dont put Delete, Saiwamkham ==

Do not remove that! [[ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း:လွင်ႈၶဝ်ႈႁူမ်ႈ/&amp;#126;2026-30775-24|&amp;#126;2026-30775-24]] ([[ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ၽူႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း:&amp;#126;2026-30775-24|talk]]) 07:44, 24 မေႇ 2026 (+0630)</text>
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      <text bytes="303" sha1="bcija3000ecgu9t61zl4gfl4dhxipwr" xml:space="preserve">== Do not remove Saiwankham ==
Do not remove that! [[ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း:လွင်ႈၶဝ်ႈႁူမ်ႈ/&amp;#126;2026-30775-24|&amp;#126;2026-30775-24]] ([[ဢုပ်ႇၵုမ် ၽူႈၸႂ်ႉတိုဝ်း:&amp;#126;2026-30775-24|talk]]) 07:44, 24 မေႇ 2026 (+0630)</text>
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