Wikisource sourceswiki https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikisource Wikisource talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Page Page talk Index Index talk Author Author talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Translations Translations talk 108 429466 1339418 1234194 2026-06-03T23:36:41Z Bigcee007 955364 1339418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{author | firstname = Seferbiy | lastname = Zaneqo | last_initial = Za | description = }} ==Ọrụ ya== * Circassian declaration of independence (1857) {{PD-US|1860}} <!-- please add author license here, see [[Help:Copyright tags]] --> [[Category: Igbo]] obxixggzk77tztgoh94myfurkygo2ju 104 449193 1339442 1339107 2026-06-04T11:10:17Z Neetu Dangol 873892 1339442 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Neetu Dangol" /></noinclude>रण विष्कम्भिन् सुगन्ध मुखोनाम वणिक् पुत्रो ऽ भूवन् तङामेश्रूतं विपश्वि नस्तथागतस्य सकोशात् ॥ अथावलोकितेश्वर स्यगुणो ड्भावनाश्रू त्यपरिमाणा ॥ ॥ अथ सर्व्वणिवरण विष्कम्भी भगवन्त मेत दवोचत् ॥ कीदृशीत्वया भगवन्‌ग्डणो ड्भावणा ऽ व लोकितेश्वरस्य वोधिसत्वस्य म हासत्वस्य श्रूता ॥ ॥ भगवानाह ॥ सर्व्व तथागत एवमाह ॥ अवलोकितेश्वरस्य चक्षुषोश्चन्द्रादित्यावुत्यन्नौ ललाटान्महेश्वरः । स्कन्धेत्यो व्रह्मा हृदयान्नारायणो द्रष्ट्राभ्यां सरस्वती मुखतो वायवोजाता धरणीयादा भ्यांवरुण श्चोदरात् । यदै तेदेवाजाता अवलोकितेश्वरस्य का यात् ॥ महेश्वर आहकिमे भगवन् व्याकरोभु वोधायां । अथार्य्यावलोकितेश्वरो वोधिसत्वो महासत्वो महेश्वरं देवपुत्र मेतदवोचत् । भवि<noinclude></noinclude> 2ul1vc78ikhqoo3nb4ysfcce6c70zoe 104 449225 1339443 1339163 2026-06-04T11:26:11Z Neetu Dangol 873892 /* Proofread */ 1339443 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Neetu Dangol" /></noinclude>ष्य सित्वम्महेश्वर कलियुगे प्रतिपन्नेकष्टे सत्वधातु समुत्पन्न आदि देव आख्या यसे श्रेष्टाचकर्त्ताचत्वऺ सर्व्वसत्वा वोधिमार्श्नेण विप्रहीणा भविष्यन्ति । यइ दप्टथक्ष नेषु साकथ्यऺ कुर्व्वन्ति ॥ आकाशलिऺगमित्पाहुः पृथिवीतस्यपीठिका । आलयः सर्व्वभूता नांलीय नाल्लिं गमुच्यते ॥ इदृशम्मया कुलपु त्र विपश्विनस्तथागतस्य सकाशादार्य्याव लोकितेश्वरस्यग्ड ड्भावना श्रूता ॥ तदप्पति क्रम्पशिखी नाम तथागतो ऽ र्हन्सम्यव्सऺ वुद्बोवभुव विद्याचर ण सम्पन्नः सुगतो लोकविदनुत्तरः पुरुषदम्प सारथिः शास्ता देवानाञ्च मनुष्या नाञ्च वुद्बो भगवान् स्तेन कालेनतेन समयेनाहं सर्व्वणीवर ण विष्कम्भिन्दान शूरो नाम वोधिसत्वो महासत्वो वभूव ॥ तस्या शिखिनस्तथागतस्य सकाशा दव लोकितेश्वरस्य वोधिसत्वस्य महासत्वस्यग्ड<noinclude></noinclude> j97hzitn3qhr54j1q0l6k47fohfx58q 106 451436 1339374 1338327 2026-06-03T20:35:30Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339374 proofread-index text/x-wiki {{:MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_template |Title=[[A Lenâpé-English dictionary. From an anonymous ms. in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, Pa.;]] |Language=del, en |Author= |Translator= |Editor= |Year=1888 |Publisher= |Address= |Key= |Source=pdf |Image=17 |Progress=OCR |Volumes=volume 1 |Pages=<pagelist 1=Cover 10="Frontispiece" 11="Pub.Info." 15="Title" 17="Title2" 18="Printer" 19to23=roman 19=3 23=7 25="9" 260=Cover /> |Remarks= |Header= |Footer= |Width= |Css= }} mbmbtt2suly44kep4fk3enigdy4ec54 104 451453 1339365 1338730 2026-06-03T20:20:46Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339365 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" /></noinclude><section begin="LnA" /> {{c|A<br>{{x-larger|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}<br>{{larger|DICTIONARY.}}}} {{c|————}} <poem> '''A,''' indeed, well. '''Aan,''' to go; (''aal,'' in Minsi. ''A.'') '''Abtschi,''' always;—''likhiqui,'' at all times. '''Abtschiechgochgihillen,''' to bleed to death. '''Abtschihillak,''' the whooping cough; (''aabtschihillank. A.'') '''Abtschihillen,''' to have the whooping cough. '''Abtschinalan,''' to be afflicted to death. '''Abtschinalittin,''' ''Z.,'' to die in battle; (they kill each other. ''A.'') '''Abtschinaluxin,''' to be afflicted, to be tormented to death. '''Acheweli,''' ''Z.,'' necessary (dub., ''A.''). '''Achewen,''' bushy; a bush, thicket (dub., ''A.''). </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude>{{rh|{{smaller|B}}|9}}</noinclude> 3qe60bvlu5rjtfouvd9c03ly0eb41p5 104 451454 1339366 1338057 2026-06-03T20:22:15Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339366 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|10|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Achewiecheu,''' strong, spirituous. '''Achewon,''' strong, spirituous; (archaic, ''A.'') '''Achgachemawachtin,''' to share with each other. '''Achgahamauwan,''' to distribute to somebody. '''Achgahikewagan,''' distribution, division. '''Achgameu,''' broad, wide. '''Achgegenummen,''' to choose. '''Achge'gim,''' to teach, to instruct. '''Achgegingen,''' to teach. '''Achgegingewagan,''' teaching, information. '''Achgeketum,''' ''E.,'' a teacher; (''A'achgekinket, A.'') '''Achgelinquoam,''' to behold, to look; (arch., ''A.'') '''Achgelunen,''' to lie. '''Achgeluneuch,''' ''E.,'' a liar. '''Achgenindewagan,''' accusation, bad report. '''Achgenindin,''' to blame one another. '''Achgepchoau,''' to be deaf. '''Achgepinqueu,''' to be blind; (to be blindfolded, ''A.'') '''Achgepinquot,''' blind. '''Achgetaktschehellau,''' to jump over the fence; (''lit.,'' to brace one's self for a jump, ''A.'') '''Achgettemagelo,''' merciful. '''Achgettemakinaquot,''' poorly looking. '''Achgigihawan,''' to mock or laugh at somebody; (arch., ''A.'') '''Achgigulan,''' to sleet. '''Achgiguwen,''' to play, to be noisy, to be lively, to be jocular. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 7w0q1d1e5wxg9i82fywp2ajaqpngvud 104 451455 1339367 1338059 2026-06-03T20:23:35Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339367 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|11}}</noinclude><poem> '''Achgiguwewagan,''' sport, pastime. '''Achgiiki,''' mocking, jesting. '''Achgikbi,''' elm, the elm tree. '''Achginchen,''' to be quick of hearing. '''Achgindamen,''' ''Z.,'' to count (also, to read, ''A.''). '''Achgiuchsowagan,''' drunkenness. '''Achgiwalan,''' to deceive somebody; (arch., ''A.'') '''Achgiwalittewagan,''' deceit, fraud. '''Achgiwalittin,''' to deceive, to cheat. '''Achgonican,''' ''or'' Achquanican, ''Z.,'' a fish dam. '''Achgook,''' snake. '''Achgükbi,''' ''Z.,'' an elm tree. '''Achgumen,''' dull, cloudy. '''Achgumhok,''' cloud. '''Achgumhokquot,''' cloudy; (''fig.,'' to be still, ''E.'') '''Achgunnan,''' to clothe somebody; (''achgunha, A.'') '''Achgussin,''' to burn the kettle; (dub., ''A.'') '''Achibis,''' to bind up or dress a wound; (dub., perhaps from ''gachtun,'' to bind, ''A.'') '''Achkindiken,''' to read; (''achkinsink,'' to read, ''A.'') '''Achkiwelendam,''' to be disquieted, to be troubled in mind; (alludes to harsh occurrences, ''A.'') '''Achkiwitehewagan,''' irresolution. '''Achochwen,''' to have bad travelling. '''Achowalogen,''' to labor hard, to toil. '''Achowat,''' hard, difficult, dangerous, painful, troublesome; (''ackwat, A.'') '''Achowelendam,''' to think difficult. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 2zkxjgv8jhtf3dv773qz9m9rk6bq2gm 104 451456 1339368 1338060 2026-06-03T20:24:54Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339368 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|12|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Achpa'mi,''' about, thereabouts. '''Achpamsin,''' to walk, to walk about. '''Achpanschi,''' beam, log for a house. '''Achpateuny,''' ''E.,'' the east wind. '''Achpekok,''' wound; (arch., ''A.'') '''Achpequot,''' wounded; ''achpequat, Z.,'' full of holes, from ''pquihilleu,'' it has a hole. '''Achpin,''' to be there, to be at home. '''Achpineen,''' abode, residence; ''Z. epienk,'' where we are. '''Achpiney,''' place to sleep on; ''achpinink,'' a bed, ''Z.'' '''Achpi'que,''' flea. '''Achpiquon,''' flute, fiddle (any musical instrument, ''A.''). '''Achpitawan,''' to be or abide in somebody. '''Achpitpannik,''' ancestors, ''Z.'' (''lit.,'' old residents, ''A.''). '''Achpitschiechen,''' to stop, to prevent. '''Achpi'xu,''' full of fleas. '''Achpoaliman,''' to mock somebody, to laugh at some one. '''Achpoan,''' bread; ''n'dapponke,'' I make bread; ''achponhewak,'' they make bread. '''Achpoantit,''' piece of bread, small loaf. '''Achpoem,''' roasted corn. '''Achpoques,''' mouse; (''achpiques, A.'') '''Achpussin,''' to roast, to broil. '''Achquaneman,''' ''H.,'' a bushnet for fishing. '''Achquanxowagan,''' lasciviousness, whoredom. '''Achquetahen,''' to shoot at a mark. '''Achquetschiechgugsin,''' to be tempted. '''Achquetschiechtowagan,''' temptation. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> i6hwpgipphes4z8mhwv5f7rf1ea5bnz 104 451457 1339369 1338079 2026-06-03T20:26:12Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339369 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|13}}</noinclude><poem> '''Achquidhakamike,''' upon earth. '''Achquin,''' to put on clothes; (''ehquink,'' clothing, ''A.'') '''Achquindowagan,''' accusation, charge. '''Achquipelawon,''' hoe. '''Achquiwanis,''' blanket; (black or broad cloth, ''A.'') '''Achquoaici'lennees,''' ''Z.,'' blackberries. '''Achquoanan,''' to catch something with a net. '''Achquoanemen,''' to fish with a bushnet. '''Achquoani'kan,''' bushnet. '''Achquoanquigeu,''' long timber. '''Achschiechey,''' ''Z.,'' a nest. '''Achschikiminschi,''' fern. '''Achsehhellen,''' to scatter, to disperse; (''seh'ellen, A.'') '''Achsin,''' stone; pl., ''chotachsin, Z.'' (an archaic plural; now ''achsinall, A.''). '''Achsinemhoan,''' pewter spoon. '''Achsinhittehikan,''' steel trap. '''Achsinn'aminschi,''' sugar maple. '''Achsinnigeu,''' stony. '''Achtschingi,''' scarcely, hardly. '''Achtschingiochwen,''' to venture to go. '''Achtschinkhalan,''' to persuade somebody; to force somebody. '''Achtschinkhewagan,''' disobedience; (''achtscheyinkgeusink, A.'') '''Achtschipaptonen,''' to talk strangely, to speak roughly. '''Achtschipilissin,''' to act strangely, to behave wonderfully. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> pbvgmvqvckd8xjgczzo37218yzo0ewl 104 451458 1339370 1338080 2026-06-03T20:27:29Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339370 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|14|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Achtu,''' deer; (''achto'. A.'') '''Achtuchwiecheken,''' deer's hair. '''Achtuchwiminschi,''' red root. '''Achtuhhu,''' plenty of deer. '''Achwamallsin,''' to feel great pain; (to suffer in sickness. ''A.'') '''Achwangundowagan,''' lasting peace. '''Achwangundowi,''' very peaceable. '''Achwilek,''' hard, troublesome time; ''achwilen, (A.)'' it is a troublesome time. '''Achwipisgeu,''' pitch dark. '''Achwon,''' strong, spirituous; (forcible, violent. ''A.'') '''Achwowangeu,''' steep, high bank of a river. '''Ahanhokqui,''' descended from, sprung from. '''Ahas,''' a crow; (''ahasso. A.'') '''Ahhino,''' a rich man; (dub., ''A.'') '''Ahiktek,''' a strowd. '''Ahoalan,''' to love somebody; ''ahoaltie’que, E.,'' if you love. '''Ahoalgussit,''' the beloved. '''Ahoaltin,''' to love one another. '''Ahoaltowagan,''' love. '''Ahoaltowaganit,''' he that is love. '''Ahoaltuwamallsin,''' to feel love. '''Ahoaltuwi,''' loving. '''Ahoatam,''' to esteem, to value. '''Ahochwalquot,''' hard going, difficult travelling. '''Ahotasu,''' ''Z.,'' dear, beloved (''ahoatasu;'' does not apply to persons, but to things. ''A.''). </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> qf7191i2s4j473t4f9pse6d8e77q2ak 104 451459 1339371 1338081 2026-06-03T20:29:43Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339371 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|15}}</noinclude><poem> '''Ahoweli,''' willful. '''Ahowoapewi,''' strong; (power of endurance. ''A.'') '''Ajandamalquot,''' it is to be wished; it is desirable. '''Ajandamoagan,''' desire. '''Ajandamuwi,''' desired, wished for. '''Ajanhelendam,''' to be indifferent, to be unconcerned. '''Ajanhelendamoagan,''' indifference. '''Ajanhissowagan,''' indifference, calmness of mind. '''Ajapeu,''' buck. '''Ajappawe,''' early in the morning. '''Ajaskemi,''' for good and all. '''Aje'ma,''' if, if only, if but; be so good, please. '''Aji',''' take it. '''Ajummen,''' to buy, to purchase. '''Akquiwan,''' blanket; (black cloth. ''A.'' See ''achquiwanis.'') '''Alaaptonen,''' to break off in speaking. '''Alachimoagan,''' rest; (the prefix ''alach'' is used to signify incapacity or inability. ''A.'') '''Alachimoatenamin,''' to rest happy. '''Alachimuin,''' to rest. '''Alagendowenke,''' after Sunday. '''Alagischgu,''' day is spent. '''Alahikan,''' a mark (to shoot at). '''Alakqui,''' 'tis a pity! '''Alakschachan,''' the wind ceases. '''Alalechen,''' to cease breathing, to die; (dub., see ''equilechlejeu. A.'') </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> pxps179et08rf8uwwachfbz5m4ntu3t 104 451460 1339372 1338082 2026-06-03T20:31:15Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339372 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|16|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Alalechet,''' the dying. '''Alamachtagen,''' to stop fighting. '''Alamikemossen,''' to stop working. '''Alapenauwelendam,''' to leave off, to quit, to give up. '''Alappa,''' to-morrow; (''ajappa. A.'') '''Alappaje,''' early in the morning. '''Alappiechsin,''' to speak fast. '''Alasohen,''' to separate; (more exactly, to go asunder. ''A.'') '''Alawossin,''' to be unable to perform; to be incapable of doing. '''Alemoagan,''' fear, apprehension; (arch., ''A.'') '''Alende,''' some. '''Alett,''' rotten. '''Alhakquot,''' stormy, rainy; land rain. '''Alike,''' yet, still, nevertheless, however; for; already. '''Allacquelendam,''' to be repentant. '''Allamachtey,''' womb; (''lit.,'' and generally, the inward parts. ''A.'') '''Allamawunke,''' ''Z.,'' under the hill. '''Allamhakink,''' in the earth. '''Allami,''' in there, therein, within. '''Allamijey,''' in there, therein, within. '''Allamuin,''' ''Z.,'' the war whoop (arch. See ''Kowamo. A.''). '''Allamunk,''' in there, therein, within. '''Allamunque,''' in there, therein, within. '''Allanque,''' star. '''Allapehhellan,''' to rock somebody. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> m4x1l3fmu00idash1ef1a4s4i8raokm 104 451461 1339373 1338094 2026-06-03T20:33:25Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339373 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|17}}</noinclude><poem> '''Allapi,''' ''E.,'' listen! here! (dub., ''A.'') '''Allapijeyjuwagan,''' activity, quickness. '''Allauwin,''' to hunt. '''Allemakewunk,''' on the north side of a hill. '''Allemewachton,''' to carry abroad. '''Allemi apuawachto,'''—''tangawachto,—tatchawachto,—tepawachto,'' falls in price;—''tatchittin,'' to decrease. '''Allemih'hillen,''' to pass by, to fly; (''ellameh'hilan. A.'') '''Allemiminschik,''' sarsaparilla. '''Allemitschellachton,''' to roll along. '''Allewussowagan,''' majesty; (''lit.,'' greater power; a comparative form. ''A.'') '''Allogalan,''' to send somebody. '''Allogalgussin,''' to be sent. '''Allogagan,''' servant. '''Allogaganin,''' to keep a servant. '''Alloge'wagan,''' work. '''Allohak,''' strong, powerful; more powerful; (a comparative form. ''A.'') '''Allohakasin,''' to teach, to instruct; (''lit.,'' to have power over another. ''A.'') '''Allohumasin,''' to show. '''Alloku,''' lean; poor; (probably for ''alloqueu,''—it is too bad, it is inferior. ''A.'') '''Allokuwagan,''' leanness. '''Alloquepi,''' hat; cap. '''Allouchsit,''' strong, mighty. '''Allouchsoagan,''' strength. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> pz5et4o0ut4751qnco6fameo2ocmobu 104 451462 1339375 1338095 2026-06-03T20:36:55Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339375 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|18|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Allowat,''' strong, mighty. '''Allowelemuwi,''' valuable. '''Allowelendam,''' to esteem highly; to prize above everything. '''Allowelendamoagan,''' great esteem, high estimation. '''Allowigamen,''' to overcome, to subdue. '''Allowihillen,''' to leave over. '''Allowilek,''' that which is above everything, most weighty. '''Allowiwi,''' more, yet more, much more; rather;—''mehek,'' greater. '''Allum,''' dog; (more exactly, any domesticated animal. ''A.'') (Compare ''moekaneu'' and ''linchum.'') '''Allumaptonen,''' to say on. '''Allumes,''' little dog, pup; (young of any domestic animal. ''A.'') '''Allumhammochwen,''' to set off by water. '''Allummahen,''' to throw. '''Allummeuchtummen,''' to go away weeping. '''Allummochachton,''' to carry away. '''Allummochwalan,''' to bring somebody away. '''Allum'sin,''' to go away. '''Allumtoonhen,''' to say on. '''Alluns,''' arrow, bullet; (especially and originally, arrow. ''A.'') '''Allunshikan,''' bullet mould. '''Allunsinutey,''' shot bag. '''Alod,''' for, yet. '''Am,''' well, indeed. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 128n0m7wplyi2q8145p7nzdz9w0o7jd 104 451463 1339376 1338098 2026-06-03T20:37:54Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339376 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|19}}</noinclude><poem> '''Amakquitehemen,''' to cut off; (''amank'itshen,'' to knock off. ''A.'') '''Amamchachwelendamen,''' to suffer. '''Aman,''' fishing line, rope; ''n'dapi aman, H.,'' I come from fishing with a hook and line; (''aman,'' properly, cord, string. ''A.'') '''Amanatak,''' fishing line. '''Amandamen,''' to feel. '''Amandamoagan,''' feeling. '''Amandamuwi,''' sensitive. '''Amangachgenimgussowagan,''' the being elated by praise. '''Amangachpoques,''' rat. '''Amangamek,''' large fish. '''Amanganachquiminschi,''' Spanish oak. '''Amanghattachcat,''' coarse linen. '''Amangi,''' big, great, large. '''Amangiechsin,''' to speak loud, to cry out. '''Amatschiechsin,''' to speak brokenly. '''Amatschipuis,''' turkey buzzard. '''Amatschisowapasigan,''' the herb "colt's foot." '''Ambeson,''' ''Z.,'' an Indian cradle. '''Amechachwilawechtowagan,''' chastisement. '''A'mel,''' ''Z.,'' a hammer. '''Amemens,''' child. '''Amemensuwi,''' childlike, childish. '''Amementit,''' babe. '''Amemi,''' pigeon; (''memi. A.'') </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 0qtkfut5wb5kadnfsvrhglloawl4ojq 104 451470 1339377 1338105 2026-06-03T20:39:00Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339377 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|20|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Amendchewagan,''' disobedience, stubbornness, '''Amentschinsin,''' to praise, to give honor. '''Ametschimi,''' often;—''ne leep,'' there was more done. '''Amiga,''' long, a long time. '''Amimi,''' ''Z.,'' a dove. See ''Amemi.'' '''Amintschindewagan,''' praise. '''Amintschiuchsin,''' to disobey. '''Amintschiuchsowagan,''' disobedience. '''Amochol,''' canoe, boat. '''Amocholes,''' little canoe. '''Amocholhe,''' poplar; (the buttonwood or sycamore; ''lit.,'' the boat wood, as canoes were made from it. ''A.'') '''Amoe,''' bee; wasp; (a generic term for the kind. ''A.'') '''Amoewiwikwam,''' bee hive. '''Amoquigachschechin,''' to bruise the finger nail. '''Amoschimoe,''' spike buck; yearling. '''Amueen,''' ''Z.,'' to angle. '''Amuigenan,''' to raise somebody up. '''Amuin,''' to arise. '''Amuiwagan,''' resurrection. '''Anakan,''' pl., ''all,'' mat made of rushes. '''Anatschihuwewagan,''' care, cautiousness. '''Anatschiton,''' to take care. '''Andhanni,''' bullfrog. '''Anechwunaltey,''' bark canoe. '''Anehku,''' bark; (''anechuin. A.'') '''Anena,''' by little and little; by degrees;—''ikalissi,'' the more, more and more. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 3ihjtrw9ob7r351iembguxjfj1uxssj 104 451471 1339378 1338107 2026-06-03T20:40:18Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339378 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|21}}</noinclude><poem> '''Anenawi,''' by little and little, by degrees;—''mcheli,'' the more, more and more. '''Anetassoagan,''' ''Z.,'' helplessness. '''Aney,''' road, walking road, path. '''Angellen,''' to die; (''lit.,'' going to decay, may be applied to animate objects during life. ''A.'') '''Angellowagan,''' death. '''Angellowi,''' mortal, deadly. '''Anhoktonhen,''' to interpret. '''Anicus,''' ''Z.,'' a mouse, a ground squirrel; pl., ''anixak.'' '''Aninsihhillen,''' the young of a bird or fowl. '''Anischik,''' thank'e; thanks. '''Anixi gischuch,''' (the month in which the ground squirrels begin to run) January. '''Ankhittasowagan,''' loss. '''Ankhitton,''' to lose. '''Anoschi,''' shoe-string. '''Anschiwi,''' more by degrees. '''Ansenummen,''' to take together. '''Ansiptikin,''' to bind up into sheaves. '''Apachgilentschachsin,''' to warm the hands. '''Apachtoquepi,''' crown. '''Apachtschiechton,''' to display, to set something up; to attach one's self to, to fix upon. '''Apagihen,''' to come from planting. '''Apaligen,''' to tread upon; (''achpaligen. A.'') '''Apallauwin,''' to come from hunting. '''Apalogen,''' to come from work. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 2jlqhu0ub5616f4dn6vvkehn7eeeblm 104 451472 1339379 1338108 2026-06-03T20:41:15Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339379 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|22|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Apami,''' in vain. '''Apanachen,''' to come from cutting wood. '''Apatschin,''' to come back, to return. '''Apel,''' apple. '''Apemikemossin,''' to stop working. '''Apendamen,''' to enjoy, to make use of. '''Apendelluxin,''' to be made partaker. '''Apendelluxowagan,''' the being made partaker. '''Apensoagan,''' ''Z.,'' enjoyment, fruition. '''Apensuwi,''' useful, enjoyable. '''Apipachgihhillen,''' to bud, to shoot forth. '''Apit,''' by the way. '''Apitchanehhellen,''' contrary mind. '''Apitschi,''' after a little while, by and bye. '''Apittehikan,''' anvil; (''lit.,'' where one thing is struck upon another. ''A.'') '''Aptatschin,''' to freeze to death. '''Aptelendam,''' to grieve to death. '''Aptonagan,''' word; chapter; (strictly, a word. ''A.'') '''Aptonaltin,''' to speak with each other. '''Aptonen,''' to speak. '''Aptuppeu,''' drowned. '''Apuangellen,''' to die easily; to die quickly. '''Apuat,''' easy, easily. '''Apuawachto,''' cheap. '''Apuelendam,''' to think easy. '''Apuichton,''' to make easy, to make light. '''Aputschiechton,''' to turn the wrong side out. <poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> dea2f3ws8e0lec1klbxbs9tkkexqrt8 1339380 1339379 2026-06-03T20:41:28Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339380 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|22|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Apami,''' in vain. '''Apanachen,''' to come from cutting wood. '''Apatschin,''' to come back, to return. '''Apel,''' apple. '''Apemikemossin,''' to stop working. '''Apendamen,''' to enjoy, to make use of. '''Apendelluxin,''' to be made partaker. '''Apendelluxowagan,''' the being made partaker. '''Apensoagan,''' ''Z.,'' enjoyment, fruition. '''Apensuwi,''' useful, enjoyable. '''Apipachgihhillen,''' to bud, to shoot forth. '''Apit,''' by the way. '''Apitchanehhellen,''' contrary mind. '''Apitschi,''' after a little while, by and bye. '''Apittehikan,''' anvil; (''lit.,'' where one thing is struck upon another. ''A.'') '''Aptatschin,''' to freeze to death. '''Aptelendam,''' to grieve to death. '''Aptonagan,''' word; chapter; (strictly, a word. ''A.'') '''Aptonaltin,''' to speak with each other. '''Aptonen,''' to speak. '''Aptuppeu,''' drowned. '''Apuangellen,''' to die easily; to die quickly. '''Apuat,''' easy, easily. '''Apuawachto,''' cheap. '''Apuelendam,''' to think easy. '''Apuichton,''' to make easy, to make light. '''Aputschiechton,''' to turn the wrong side out. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> q91f9wn0hdoszidthvbbfpxt0a72e0r 104 451473 1339381 1338109 2026-06-03T20:42:27Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339381 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|23}}</noinclude><poem> '''Ascaletschi,''' unripe. '''Aschanquussin,''' to be cast away; to be rejected. '''Aschite,''' then. '''Aschowin,''' to swim; ''aschowill, n'daschwül,'' I swim. '''Aschowitchan,''' raft. '''Aschtehhellen,''' to go or cross over one another. '''Aschtetehasik,''' ''Z.,'' the cross †; (''aschtetehican, A.'' The former refers to the stick, the latter to the symbol.) '''Aschukiso,''' poor, worth nothing, beggar. '''Asgask,''' green; ''askeu, Z.'' (this means "raw;" ''askasqueu,'' it is green, for a leaf, etc. ''A.'') '''Asgaskachgook,''' green snake. '''Asgelendam,''' to wait with impatience. '''Aski,''' must, necessitated, obliged. '''Askiquall,''' grass, herbs. '''Askiwi,''' raw, green. '''Aspenummen,''' to lift up. '''Aspenuxin,''' to be lifted up. '''Aspin,''' to ascend; (''ispin. A.'') '''Aspinachken,''' to lift up the hand. '''Aspochwen,''' to go up, to ascend. '''Aspoquen,''' to raise the eye. '''Assisku,''' mud, clay. '''Assiskuju,''' muddy, dirty, marshy. '''Assisquahoos,''' earthen pot; ''assiskequahos, E.'' '''Assisquohasu,''' daubed with clay. '''Assisquohen,''' to mix clay. '''Atenkpatton,''' to quench fire. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> g1xa7759tljoz7170g5jxzilk2m5bmc 104 451474 1339382 1338110 2026-06-03T20:43:27Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339382 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|24|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><poem> '''Atschimolehan,''' to relate to somebody. '''Atschimolsin,''' to consult, to hold counsel. '''Atschimolsoagan,''' counsel, advice. '''Atta,''' no, not;—''am,'' not at all;—''auwen,'' nobody;—''hasch,'' no, never;—''ihaschi,'' never, nevermore; at no time;—''ülewi,'' not at all true;—''kocku,'' nothing;—''tani,'' by no means. '''Attach,''' moreover, beyond, above. '''Attago,''' no, by no means. '''Auchsin,''' to be hard to deal with. '''Auchsu,''' (of beasts) wild, untractable; (of men) avaricious, difficult to deal with. '''Auchsuwagan,''' ''Z.,'' fury, anger. '''Awechemos,''' creature, cattle. '''Awe'hellea,''' ''Z.,'' a bird (this is the generic term now in use. It means self-suspended, referring to the flight of birds. ''A.'') '''Awehhelleu,''' bird, fowl; (applied to large fowls, etc. ''A.'') '''Auweken,''' to make use of. '''Auwen,''' who, somebody, which;—''ha?'' who then? ''ma,'' who is there? '''Auweni?''' who is it? '''Auwih!''' oh! (exclamation of pain.) '''Auwijewi,''' yet, however. '''Awelemukunees,''' young buck. '''Awelendam,''' to be certain, to be sure. '''Awendam,''' to suffer pain. </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 18e943q76lmg964trlv7c3ecs478o2h 104 451475 1339383 1338729 2026-06-03T20:45:23Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339383 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh||DICTIONARY.|25}}</noinclude><poem> '''Awendamoagan,''' suffering. '''Awendamowanglowagan,''' painful death. '''Awendamuwi,''' painful. '''Awessis,''' beast. '''Awonn,''' fog, mist. '''Awossachtenne,''' over or beyond the hill. '''Awossagame,''' heaven; (''lit.,'' the place beyond or out of sight. ''A.'') '''Awossake,''' behind the house. '''Awossakihakan,''' that side of the plantation. '''Awosschakque,''' over the log or tree. '''Awosseki,''' over the leaf; (dub., ''A.'') '''Awossenachk,''' over the fence, behind the fence. '''Awossenuppeque,''' over the lake. '''Awossi,''' over, over there, beyond, on the other side, behind. '''Awossijey,''' over, over there, beyond, on the other side, behind. '''Awossin,''' to warm one's self. '''Awullakenim,''' to laud, to praise. '''Awullakeniman,''' to praise somebody. '''Awullakenimoagan,''' praise. '''Awullsittamen,''' to obey. '''Awullsittamsewagan,''' obedience. '''Awullsittamuwi,''' obedient. '''Awullsu,''' good, fine, pretty; (animate, pl. ''auwulsuak;'' inanimate, ''auwultu,'' pl. ''auwultol,'') (from ''wulissu''). ''A.'' </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnA" /><noinclude>{{smaller|C}}</noinclude> jvlcwnywcs3cmf2eroria15fbqhhm6y 104 451491 1339384 1338812 2026-06-03T20:56:14Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339384 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> eyemg9zsi9t8143du11c99sg4j3f69l 1339385 1339384 2026-06-03T20:58:42Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339385 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB" /> <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> f0umql5hzf1kf7uficq4nxujn2kkx48 1339386 1339385 2026-06-03T20:59:34Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339386 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB" /> <poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> hf3cl5dnsjq1v4td2qjks8vv34zczah 1339387 1339386 2026-06-03T21:00:52Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339387 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB" /> <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> f0umql5hzf1kf7uficq4nxujn2kkx48 1339388 1339387 2026-06-03T21:01:48Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339388 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> asvjl59pzbluq0uvi8czap96c7mh79y 1339389 1339388 2026-06-03T21:02:26Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339389 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> eyemg9zsi9t8143du11c99sg4j3f69l 1339390 1339389 2026-06-03T21:03:32Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339390 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB" /> <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> f0umql5hzf1kf7uficq4nxujn2kkx48 1339391 1339390 2026-06-03T21:04:21Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339391 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB" /> <poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} <section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> hf3cl5dnsjq1v4td2qjks8vv34zczah 1339392 1339391 2026-06-03T21:05:21Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339392 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> <section end="LnC"/> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> ne42uhy1ml5xmpanorvz772e9jffj4t 1339393 1339392 2026-06-03T21:06:26Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339393 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}} ####<section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> i4tstrb76mupz25fvhx6o0uifup8e0b 1339394 1339393 2026-06-03T21:07:12Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339394 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. </poem> {{nop}}<section end="LnC"/><noinclude></noinclude> s6nz3tr0vx709uf7hjaae3u3jcbnnvp 1339395 1339394 2026-06-03T21:11:37Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339395 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Cwrwgl" />{{rh|26|LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH}}</noinclude><section begin="LnB"/><poem> {{c|'''B.'''}} '''Bambil,''' (pl. ''ak'') book, letter; (applied to any writing or writing material. ''A.'') '''Bambilenutey,''' pocket book. '''Beson,''' medicine, physic; (out of use. ''A.'' See ''chappik;'' it is for ''mbeson,'' q. v.) '''Bihilewen,''' to be hoarse, '''Biminaten,''' to spin; (see under P.) '''Bingtschwanak,''' ''E.,'' the pupil of the eye. '''Bischi,''' yes, indeed, to be sure; (''biesch,'' H. ibid.) '''Bischik,''' yes, indeed, to be sure. '''Bischuwi,''' wilderness; (arch., ''A.'') '''Blaknik,''' flying squirrel. '''Blenhotik,''' black snakeroot. '''Blœu,''' ''Z.,'' a turkey cock. (''Ploeu,'' turkey of either sex. ''A.'') '''Bochwejesik,''' ''Z.,'' joint of the foot. '''Bochwinan,''' to skin an animal. '''Bohhuhachqua,''' basket wood. '''Bohhuhan,''' to peal off the rind of a tree. '''Bokandpechin,''' to bruise the hand. '''Bonihen,''' to lay on (wood on a fire). <section end="LnB"/> <section begin="LnC"/>{{c|'''C.'''}} '''Ceppitsch,''' ''Z.,'' a conspiracy. '''Chaasch,''' eight. '''Chaasch tcha pachki,''' eight hundred. <section end="LnC"/> </poem> {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> e5g1txby3s9xwcpt3g2ba559dr20qt4 0 451791 1339421 1339257 2026-06-04T03:47:47Z 道統王陽明 770167 /* 版本分類 */ 1339421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big><big><big><u>神魂執照（俗稱：幽祿、回鄉執照、回魂證）</u></big></big></big>''' == 簡介 == '''神魂執照'''，民間通稱'''幽禄'''，是中國道教靈寶派黃籙度亡科儀衍生的民間法券文書，為亡魂受戒拔罪後、自陰曹地府返回陽世領受子孫祭祀，並憑籙超昇天界的法定憑證；與配套使用之[[冥路路引]]功能互補、陰陽對應：冥路路引專供亡魂自陽世下入冥府、自由通過冥關不用受審，而神魂執照則負責亡魂由冥府返陽、最終脫離輪迴上登丹天。主要流行於廣東、福建等華南地區。其功能融合了「太上救苦生天寶籙」的赦罪度亡權威、「三皈九戒牒」的戒律約束，以及「回陽回鄉通行證」的實用導向，可謂三者合一。 == 經典依據 == '''神魂執照'''法理源頭根植於《太上救苦生天寶籙》及《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》，《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》經文記元始天尊於九幽地獄為受罪亡魂宣說九真妙戒與金籙白簡，明定受戒佩籙者在世積福、壽終之後不墮輪迴、直上丹天；宋元靈寶科儀體系成型，《上清靈寶大法》《無上玄元三天玉堂大法》將九真妙戒、救苦長生寶籙定為濟生度死、制馭百靈之核心要件，此階段'''神魂執照'''寶籙為道觀大型齋醮專用長篇法牒。明清科儀民間化後，原本分立的「生天寶籙、九真戒牒、回陽憑據」三類文書合併濃縮，改為木刻版小篇幅印刷文獻，即後世民間廣泛流通的內容濃缩版神魂執照'''幽禄'''，流行於中國大陸、港澳臺及東南亞華人社區，多用清明、中元、先人忌日祭祖焚化。 == 內容結構 == 標準正統神魂執照固定包含八大結構： 1.敕頭標題：「太上救苦生天寶籙」或「太上救苦生天執照」。 2、奉行機構：“靈寶大法司”頒令，並註明施生天真堂執行機關、 3.度魂申文：“道真(or道旨)度神魂早昇天界”“给付神魂生天”。 4.靈寶四大護度真神名諱神號列舉：召請「度人不死尊神」「南極長生天神」「度世司馬大神」「好生韓君天神」等。5.伏以敘文祝詞：描述幽冥長夜之苦，幸遇金籙赦度，得出離更生。 6.《正統道藏》定本九真妙戒律條文：納入「九真妙戒」（九戒），源自《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》。 7.救苦真符與長生靈符兩大天符敕令、 8.太上老君落款敕令結語與印信規範。：“令赦度幽魂回籍貫，早昇天界”，並蓋上“靈寶大法司”或“陽平治都功印”或"道經師寶印"。一份完整的《神魂執照》全憑「受戒消業、金籙通行」為核心法理，亡魂持執可永久或暫時出離陰間、回陽籍享祭祀，功圓後超升天界。 == 版本流傳 == 因數百年民間手鈔、木版磨損與後世隨意改寫，現存版本劃分三大系統： # '''古傳原版（傳抄訛字本）'''：明清木刻祖本歷代傳抄本，普遍存形近、音近訛字，行文時有語句不通，但完整保留原始架構、神名體系與九戒金籙核心法理，恪守古本不擅自改動原文的傳統，屬傳訛存真之正宗版本； # '''校勘修正本'''：以古傳原版為底本，參照民間古傳收藏版本，民間道士手抄古本及《正統道藏》靈寶原典逐字訂訛補脫，不改動原文架構與法理，為現行道教科儀正式使用之規範定本； # '''黑字私纂本（偽改本）'''：近代民間私自改編衍生版本，刪戒律符籙，形制、法理皆偏離本源。核心錯誤： 1. 符籙系統錯亂：南斗六星諱號→魑魅魍魎，神性逆轉 2. 形制背離傳統：捨棄傳統白紙青書形制改用黑墨白紙「青書通東極青華大帝太乙救苦天尊」的道教符籙基本原則 3. 法理核心缺失：刪除九真妙戒與金籙天符等關鍵法理內容，使「受戒拔罪」法理基礎崩塌 4. 文體俗化：將原有駢體伏以改作七言悲情俗詩，側重亡魂在地府訴冤泣苦內容，法理殘缺，不具正統度亡憑證效力。宗教文書屬性淪為民間哀歌 == 南斗六星諱號與魑魅魍魎對比表 == 符籙核心元素錯誤對比 ! 項目 ! ! 正統神魂執照（救苦真符） ! ! 黑色私纂本（錯誤版本） ! ! 宗教意義差異 |- | 文字內容 || 南斗六星秘諱：離旨火天尊勝 | | 魑魅魍魎 | | 生神→惡靈，屬性完全相反 |- | 神格屬性 || 上生司命神，主延壽度厄、鍊魂生天 || 山川精怪，主魅惑害人、散播災厄 |- | 符籙功能 || 召請南斗星君護持亡魂，消除罪業，引導生天 || 招引邪祟纏身，阻礙亡魂超昇，反增罪業 |- | 宗教依據 || 《太上飛步南斗太微玉經》《南斗真經》 || 無任何正統道教經典支持，民間訛傳 | 具足傳統正確的南斗六星諱號生天寶籙版本:[[File:神魂執照舊版重訂.jpg||thumb|333px]] == 文化意義 == 神魂執照是中國傳統生死觀的集中體現，反映了華人「陰陽互通、生死相續」的信仰：認為亡魂並非永遠隔絕，可通過合法憑證返回陽間與家人團聚、享受祭祀，最終超昇天界。它既是道教度亡信仰的民間載體，也是孝道文化的重要表現形式 —— 子孫為祖先焚燒神魂執照，是盡孝、追思、祈求庇佑的體現。 作為流傳數百年的民俗文獻，神魂執照融合道教陰陽生死觀與儒家慎終追遠的孝道思想，既是宋元以來靈寶度亡信仰下沉民間的實物載體，也保存了明清以來民間道教科儀的演變軌跡，是明清華人民間喪葬祭祀文化的關鍵民俗文獻，是研究中國民間信仰、道教文化、民俗習慣的寶貴資料,兼具宗教文獻、民俗史料雙重研究價值。。 == 版本分類 == 《神魂執照》以民間木刻版印刷為主。因印版面積有限，各地刻工常採用濃縮字句、同音省筆等手法，導致出現大量錯字、漏字及文理不通現象。這些「錯字版」雖難以卒讀，卻真實保留了民間版刻的原貌，未經後人私意篡改，具有民俗學與文獻學研究價值。 20世紀末至21世紀初，市面上出現所謂「黑色神魂執照」本（因墨色濃黑得名），其文字多為現代人根據零星可辨字句重新編綴，甚至杜撰「大司長夜是堪光」「孤魂堤上苦流連」等詩句，與傳統道經及科儀規範不符，被視為偽造惡例。 現代整理者基於舊刻原貌本，參考《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》及華南地區科儀傳統，可校訂出文理通順且不失原意的《校訂通順本》。 === 古傳訛字本 === 明清木刻初版傳鈔衍生，文字多訛誤，體式完整，為所有後世版本祖源。[[Media:神魂執照古傳原版配四象28宿名字（傳抄訛字本）.png|点击查看古傳原版（傳抄訛字本）图片]] === 校勘修正定本 === 參考民間古傳收藏版本，民間道士手抄古本及道藏原典校正訛字，適用正統齋醮科儀。[[Media:神魂執照修正版本(一).jpg|点击查看修正版本(一)图片]] [[Media:神魂執照修正版本(二).jpg|点击查看修正版本(二)图片]] [[Media:神魂執照修正版本(三).jpg|点击查看修正版本(三)图片]] === 黑字私纂改寫本 === 近代新作改編本，刪戒律符籙，形制、法理皆偏離本源。[[Media:File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png|黑字版祖本神魂執照图片]] == 與冥路路引功能區分 == * 神魂執照：陰間→陽間→天界｜功用：拔罪受戒、回陽受祭、超升出輪迴 * 冥路路引：陽間→陰間｜功用：亡魂入冥通關、過殿審判 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 神魂執照與冥途路引的差異（逐點文字描述） <nowiki>**</nowiki>第一，方向相反。 ** 冥途路引的通行方向是從陽間前往陰間，主要用於引導新亡之魂離開人世、進入冥界歸宿；而神魂執照的方向恰恰是從陰間返回陽間，授予已處於冥界的幽魂以回陽、回鄉、受祭甚至更生的資格。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第二，使用時機不同。 ** 冥途路引通常在亡者初喪、出殯或下葬時焚化，屬於喪葬儀式的核心文書之一；神魂執照則多在清明節、中元節、寒衣節等「鬼節」期間使用，也常見於專門的道教超度法會，用於暫時返回陽間接受供養。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第三，核心功能有別。 ** 冥途路引的功能比較單一，本質是一份“通關文牒”，幫助亡魂通過奈何橋、鬼門關等冥界關卡，順利到達所屬陰司；神魂執照則融合了三種功能：一是作為“太上救苦生天寶簓”赦免亡魂戒法，二九宗作為“罪過三九國”傳授三九國戒新奇宗作為淨身亡。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第四，持有者的狀態不同。 ** 冥途路引的持有者是剛過世、尚未進入冥界的新亡之魂；神魂執照的持有者則是已經處於陰間、或經過一定度化後的幽魂，他們需要的是暫時或永久性地離開冥界回到陽間。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第五，文書的性質與稱謂不同。 ** 冥途路引多直接稱為“路引”“冥程路引”或“過關牒”，強調“路過”“通行”；神魂執照則多冠以“太上救苦生天寶籙”“神魂生天執照”等全稱，強調“生天”“執照”的權威性和憑證屬性，不僅僅是過路，而是持有某種權利的身份證明。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第六，所涉神係有側重。 **冥路引中召請的神吏多屬於冥界管理體系，如東嶽大帝、酆都北帝、十殿閻王、牛頭馬面、鬼卒獄吏等；神魂執照中召請的神祇則以南斗六司、度人不死尊神、南極長生大神、好生韓君、南昌上宮煉度司眾神為主，這些神祇的功能多與「註生」「延壽」「更生」「煉度」相關，而非單純的拘魂押送。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第七，是否包含戒律條文。 ** 冥路引一般只寫亡者資訊、通行指令和神印，不附戒律；神魂執照則常完整列入「九真妙戒」（即九戒），包括忠君、孝親、不殺、不淫、不盜、不嗔、不詐、不驕、不二等內容。這使得神魂執照同時承擔了「戒牒」的功能，要求亡魂受戒後方可獲得回陽更生的資格。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第八，焚化主體與場合略有差異。 ** 冥途路引通常由家屬在喪葬現場自行焚化，或由道士在入殮、起靈時燒化，儀式相對簡樸；神魂執照則多由高功法師在設壇、誦經、頒籙等較為完整的法事中敕疏離後焚化，也可由家庭成員在整文者燒死。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第九，​​象徵意義不同。 ** 冥路引象徵對亡魂「入死」過程的護送與護佑，幫助其平安進入另一個世界；神魂執照則象徵著對亡魂「回生」的允許與促成，使其在名義上暫時或永久地恢復陽間身份，能夠返鄉領受祭祀，甚至獲得投胎或升天的機緣。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第十，經典依據的來源不同。 **冥途路引的文本格式多見於《靈寶玉鑑》《太上東岳太保青玄救苦妙經》等科儀文獻，側重陰曹地府的關津製度；神魂執照的核心教義則直接源於《正統道藏》中的《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》，以及《無上玄元三天玉堂大法》《上清靈寶大法》等典籍，側重金籙赦罪、九戒度亡、更生升天。 綜合以上各點，冥途路引和神魂執照在方向、時機、功能、神系、戒律、象徵等方面均有明顯區別，二者共同構成​​了道教度亡儀式中完整的「出陰入陽」的雙向文書體系。 == 相關條目 == * [[靈寶派]] * [[黃籙齋]] * [[九真妙戒]] * [[冥路路引]] * [[:zh:太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經]] == 參考文獻 == {{reflist}} {{cite book |author=佚名 |title=太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經 |origyear=唐宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=王契真 |title=上清靈寶大法 |origyear=南宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=路時中 |title=無上玄元三天玉堂大法 |origyear=北宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=佚名 |title=道法會元 |origyear=元明 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=任宗權 |title=道教科儀概覽 |publisher=巴蜀書社 |year=2003 |location=成都}} {{cite book |author=任宗權 |title=道教章表符印文化研究 |publisher=宗教文化出版社 |year=2001 |location=北京}} {{cite book |author=香港青松觀編纂組 |title=道教與善生善死 |publisher=青松觀出版社 |year=2012 |location=香港}} {{cite book |author=永樂宮壁畫保護研究院 |title=蒙元道教度戒牒文實物匯編 |publisher=山西人民出版社 |year=2015 |location=太原}} {{cite book |title=中國大百科全書·宗教卷 |publisher=中國大百科全書出版社 |year=2009 |location=北京 |chapter=冥途路引}}王見川等編：《民間宗教》第四輯（收錄度亡文書圖版） [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] 1tiraytiit65y7fvprvabry09y3fcmc 1339422 1339421 2026-06-04T03:49:56Z 道統王陽明 770167 /* 版本分類 */ 1339422 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big><big><big><u>神魂執照（俗稱：幽祿、回鄉執照、回魂證）</u></big></big></big>''' == 簡介 == '''神魂執照'''，民間通稱'''幽禄'''，是中國道教靈寶派黃籙度亡科儀衍生的民間法券文書，為亡魂受戒拔罪後、自陰曹地府返回陽世領受子孫祭祀，並憑籙超昇天界的法定憑證；與配套使用之[[冥路路引]]功能互補、陰陽對應：冥路路引專供亡魂自陽世下入冥府、自由通過冥關不用受審，而神魂執照則負責亡魂由冥府返陽、最終脫離輪迴上登丹天。主要流行於廣東、福建等華南地區。其功能融合了「太上救苦生天寶籙」的赦罪度亡權威、「三皈九戒牒」的戒律約束，以及「回陽回鄉通行證」的實用導向，可謂三者合一。 == 經典依據 == '''神魂執照'''法理源頭根植於《太上救苦生天寶籙》及《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》，《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》經文記元始天尊於九幽地獄為受罪亡魂宣說九真妙戒與金籙白簡，明定受戒佩籙者在世積福、壽終之後不墮輪迴、直上丹天；宋元靈寶科儀體系成型，《上清靈寶大法》《無上玄元三天玉堂大法》將九真妙戒、救苦長生寶籙定為濟生度死、制馭百靈之核心要件，此階段'''神魂執照'''寶籙為道觀大型齋醮專用長篇法牒。明清科儀民間化後，原本分立的「生天寶籙、九真戒牒、回陽憑據」三類文書合併濃縮，改為木刻版小篇幅印刷文獻，即後世民間廣泛流通的內容濃缩版神魂執照'''幽禄'''，流行於中國大陸、港澳臺及東南亞華人社區，多用清明、中元、先人忌日祭祖焚化。 == 內容結構 == 標準正統神魂執照固定包含八大結構： 1.敕頭標題：「太上救苦生天寶籙」或「太上救苦生天執照」。 2、奉行機構：“靈寶大法司”頒令，並註明施生天真堂執行機關、 3.度魂申文：“道真(or道旨)度神魂早昇天界”“给付神魂生天”。 4.靈寶四大護度真神名諱神號列舉：召請「度人不死尊神」「南極長生天神」「度世司馬大神」「好生韓君天神」等。5.伏以敘文祝詞：描述幽冥長夜之苦，幸遇金籙赦度，得出離更生。 6.《正統道藏》定本九真妙戒律條文：納入「九真妙戒」（九戒），源自《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》。 7.救苦真符與長生靈符兩大天符敕令、 8.太上老君落款敕令結語與印信規範。：“令赦度幽魂回籍貫，早昇天界”，並蓋上“靈寶大法司”或“陽平治都功印”或"道經師寶印"。一份完整的《神魂執照》全憑「受戒消業、金籙通行」為核心法理，亡魂持執可永久或暫時出離陰間、回陽籍享祭祀，功圓後超升天界。 == 版本流傳 == 因數百年民間手鈔、木版磨損與後世隨意改寫，現存版本劃分三大系統： # '''古傳原版（傳抄訛字本）'''：明清木刻祖本歷代傳抄本，普遍存形近、音近訛字，行文時有語句不通，但完整保留原始架構、神名體系與九戒金籙核心法理，恪守古本不擅自改動原文的傳統，屬傳訛存真之正宗版本； # '''校勘修正本'''：以古傳原版為底本，參照民間古傳收藏版本，民間道士手抄古本及《正統道藏》靈寶原典逐字訂訛補脫，不改動原文架構與法理，為現行道教科儀正式使用之規範定本； # '''黑字私纂本（偽改本）'''：近代民間私自改編衍生版本，刪戒律符籙，形制、法理皆偏離本源。核心錯誤： 1. 符籙系統錯亂：南斗六星諱號→魑魅魍魎，神性逆轉 2. 形制背離傳統：捨棄傳統白紙青書形制改用黑墨白紙「青書通東極青華大帝太乙救苦天尊」的道教符籙基本原則 3. 法理核心缺失：刪除九真妙戒與金籙天符等關鍵法理內容，使「受戒拔罪」法理基礎崩塌 4. 文體俗化：將原有駢體伏以改作七言悲情俗詩，側重亡魂在地府訴冤泣苦內容，法理殘缺，不具正統度亡憑證效力。宗教文書屬性淪為民間哀歌 == 南斗六星諱號與魑魅魍魎對比表 == 符籙核心元素錯誤對比 ! 項目 ! ! 正統神魂執照（救苦真符） ! ! 黑色私纂本（錯誤版本） ! ! 宗教意義差異 |- | 文字內容 || 南斗六星秘諱：離旨火天尊勝 | | 魑魅魍魎 | | 生神→惡靈，屬性完全相反 |- | 神格屬性 || 上生司命神，主延壽度厄、鍊魂生天 || 山川精怪，主魅惑害人、散播災厄 |- | 符籙功能 || 召請南斗星君護持亡魂，消除罪業，引導生天 || 招引邪祟纏身，阻礙亡魂超昇，反增罪業 |- | 宗教依據 || 《太上飛步南斗太微玉經》《南斗真經》 || 無任何正統道教經典支持，民間訛傳 | 具足傳統正確的南斗六星諱號生天寶籙版本:[[File:神魂執照舊版重訂.jpg||thumb|333px]] == 文化意義 == 神魂執照是中國傳統生死觀的集中體現，反映了華人「陰陽互通、生死相續」的信仰：認為亡魂並非永遠隔絕，可通過合法憑證返回陽間與家人團聚、享受祭祀，最終超昇天界。它既是道教度亡信仰的民間載體，也是孝道文化的重要表現形式 —— 子孫為祖先焚燒神魂執照，是盡孝、追思、祈求庇佑的體現。 作為流傳數百年的民俗文獻，神魂執照融合道教陰陽生死觀與儒家慎終追遠的孝道思想，既是宋元以來靈寶度亡信仰下沉民間的實物載體，也保存了明清以來民間道教科儀的演變軌跡，是明清華人民間喪葬祭祀文化的關鍵民俗文獻，是研究中國民間信仰、道教文化、民俗習慣的寶貴資料,兼具宗教文獻、民俗史料雙重研究價值。。 == 版本分類 == 《神魂執照》以民間木刻版印刷為主。因印版面積有限，各地刻工常採用濃縮字句、同音省筆等手法，導致出現大量錯字、漏字及文理不通現象。這些「錯字版」雖難以卒讀，卻真實保留了民間版刻的原貌，未經後人私意篡改，具有民俗學與文獻學研究價值。 20世紀末至21世紀初，市面上出現所謂「黑色神魂執照」本（因墨色濃黑得名），其文字多為現代人根據零星可辨字句重新編綴，甚至杜撰「大司長夜是堪光」「孤魂堤上苦流連」等詩句，與傳統道經及科儀規範不符，被視為偽造惡例。 現代整理者基於舊刻原貌本，參考《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》及華南地區科儀傳統，可校訂出文理通順且不失原意的《校訂通順本》。 === 古傳訛字本 === 明清木刻初版傳鈔衍生，文字多訛誤，體式完整，為所有後世版本祖源。[[Media:神魂執照古傳原版配四象28宿名字（傳抄訛字本）.png|点击查看古傳原版（傳抄訛字本）图片]] === 校勘修正定本 === 參考民間古傳收藏版本，民間道士手抄古本及道藏原典校正訛字，適用正統齋醮科儀。[[Media:神魂執照修正版本(一).jpg|点击查看修正版本(一)图片]] [[Media:神魂執照修正版本(二).jpg|点击查看修正版本(二)图片]] [[Media:神魂執照修正版本(三).jpg|点击查看修正版本(三)图片]] === 黑字私纂改寫本 === 近代新作改編本，刪戒律符籙，形制、法理皆偏離本源。[[Media:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png|黑字版祖本神魂執照图片]] == 與冥路路引功能區分 == * 神魂執照：陰間→陽間→天界｜功用：拔罪受戒、回陽受祭、超升出輪迴 * 冥路路引：陽間→陰間｜功用：亡魂入冥通關、過殿審判 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 神魂執照與冥途路引的差異（逐點文字描述） <nowiki>**</nowiki>第一，方向相反。 ** 冥途路引的通行方向是從陽間前往陰間，主要用於引導新亡之魂離開人世、進入冥界歸宿；而神魂執照的方向恰恰是從陰間返回陽間，授予已處於冥界的幽魂以回陽、回鄉、受祭甚至更生的資格。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第二，使用時機不同。 ** 冥途路引通常在亡者初喪、出殯或下葬時焚化，屬於喪葬儀式的核心文書之一；神魂執照則多在清明節、中元節、寒衣節等「鬼節」期間使用，也常見於專門的道教超度法會，用於暫時返回陽間接受供養。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第三，核心功能有別。 ** 冥途路引的功能比較單一，本質是一份“通關文牒”，幫助亡魂通過奈何橋、鬼門關等冥界關卡，順利到達所屬陰司；神魂執照則融合了三種功能：一是作為“太上救苦生天寶簓”赦免亡魂戒法，二九宗作為“罪過三九國”傳授三九國戒新奇宗作為淨身亡。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第四，持有者的狀態不同。 ** 冥途路引的持有者是剛過世、尚未進入冥界的新亡之魂；神魂執照的持有者則是已經處於陰間、或經過一定度化後的幽魂，他們需要的是暫時或永久性地離開冥界回到陽間。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第五，文書的性質與稱謂不同。 ** 冥途路引多直接稱為“路引”“冥程路引”或“過關牒”，強調“路過”“通行”；神魂執照則多冠以“太上救苦生天寶籙”“神魂生天執照”等全稱，強調“生天”“執照”的權威性和憑證屬性，不僅僅是過路，而是持有某種權利的身份證明。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第六，所涉神係有側重。 **冥路引中召請的神吏多屬於冥界管理體系，如東嶽大帝、酆都北帝、十殿閻王、牛頭馬面、鬼卒獄吏等；神魂執照中召請的神祇則以南斗六司、度人不死尊神、南極長生大神、好生韓君、南昌上宮煉度司眾神為主，這些神祇的功能多與「註生」「延壽」「更生」「煉度」相關，而非單純的拘魂押送。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第七，是否包含戒律條文。 ** 冥路引一般只寫亡者資訊、通行指令和神印，不附戒律；神魂執照則常完整列入「九真妙戒」（即九戒），包括忠君、孝親、不殺、不淫、不盜、不嗔、不詐、不驕、不二等內容。這使得神魂執照同時承擔了「戒牒」的功能，要求亡魂受戒後方可獲得回陽更生的資格。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第八，焚化主體與場合略有差異。 ** 冥途路引通常由家屬在喪葬現場自行焚化，或由道士在入殮、起靈時燒化，儀式相對簡樸；神魂執照則多由高功法師在設壇、誦經、頒籙等較為完整的法事中敕疏離後焚化，也可由家庭成員在整文者燒死。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第九，​​象徵意義不同。 ** 冥路引象徵對亡魂「入死」過程的護送與護佑，幫助其平安進入另一個世界；神魂執照則象徵著對亡魂「回生」的允許與促成，使其在名義上暫時或永久地恢復陽間身份，能夠返鄉領受祭祀，甚至獲得投胎或升天的機緣。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第十，經典依據的來源不同。 **冥途路引的文本格式多見於《靈寶玉鑑》《太上東岳太保青玄救苦妙經》等科儀文獻，側重陰曹地府的關津製度；神魂執照的核心教義則直接源於《正統道藏》中的《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》，以及《無上玄元三天玉堂大法》《上清靈寶大法》等典籍，側重金籙赦罪、九戒度亡、更生升天。 綜合以上各點，冥途路引和神魂執照在方向、時機、功能、神系、戒律、象徵等方面均有明顯區別，二者共同構成​​了道教度亡儀式中完整的「出陰入陽」的雙向文書體系。 == 相關條目 == * [[靈寶派]] * [[黃籙齋]] * [[九真妙戒]] * [[冥路路引]] * [[:zh:太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經]] == 參考文獻 == {{reflist}} {{cite book |author=佚名 |title=太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經 |origyear=唐宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=王契真 |title=上清靈寶大法 |origyear=南宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=路時中 |title=無上玄元三天玉堂大法 |origyear=北宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=佚名 |title=道法會元 |origyear=元明 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=任宗權 |title=道教科儀概覽 |publisher=巴蜀書社 |year=2003 |location=成都}} {{cite book |author=任宗權 |title=道教章表符印文化研究 |publisher=宗教文化出版社 |year=2001 |location=北京}} {{cite book |author=香港青松觀編纂組 |title=道教與善生善死 |publisher=青松觀出版社 |year=2012 |location=香港}} {{cite book |author=永樂宮壁畫保護研究院 |title=蒙元道教度戒牒文實物匯編 |publisher=山西人民出版社 |year=2015 |location=太原}} {{cite book |title=中國大百科全書·宗教卷 |publisher=中國大百科全書出版社 |year=2009 |location=北京 |chapter=冥途路引}}王見川等編：《民間宗教》第四輯（收錄度亡文書圖版） [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] e6s1ca5tfpxb4let8vp903ancsbz05b 1339441 1339422 2026-06-04T09:17:37Z 道統王陽明 770167 /* 黑字私纂改寫本 */ 1339441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big><big><big><u>神魂執照（俗稱：幽祿、回鄉執照、回魂證）</u></big></big></big>''' == 簡介 == '''神魂執照'''，民間通稱'''幽禄'''，是中國道教靈寶派黃籙度亡科儀衍生的民間法券文書，為亡魂受戒拔罪後、自陰曹地府返回陽世領受子孫祭祀，並憑籙超昇天界的法定憑證；與配套使用之[[冥路路引]]功能互補、陰陽對應：冥路路引專供亡魂自陽世下入冥府、自由通過冥關不用受審，而神魂執照則負責亡魂由冥府返陽、最終脫離輪迴上登丹天。主要流行於廣東、福建等華南地區。其功能融合了「太上救苦生天寶籙」的赦罪度亡權威、「三皈九戒牒」的戒律約束，以及「回陽回鄉通行證」的實用導向，可謂三者合一。 == 經典依據 == '''神魂執照'''法理源頭根植於《太上救苦生天寶籙》及《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》，《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》經文記元始天尊於九幽地獄為受罪亡魂宣說九真妙戒與金籙白簡，明定受戒佩籙者在世積福、壽終之後不墮輪迴、直上丹天；宋元靈寶科儀體系成型，《上清靈寶大法》《無上玄元三天玉堂大法》將九真妙戒、救苦長生寶籙定為濟生度死、制馭百靈之核心要件，此階段'''神魂執照'''寶籙為道觀大型齋醮專用長篇法牒。明清科儀民間化後，原本分立的「生天寶籙、九真戒牒、回陽憑據」三類文書合併濃縮，改為木刻版小篇幅印刷文獻，即後世民間廣泛流通的內容濃缩版神魂執照'''幽禄'''，流行於中國大陸、港澳臺及東南亞華人社區，多用清明、中元、先人忌日祭祖焚化。 == 內容結構 == 標準正統神魂執照固定包含八大結構： 1.敕頭標題：「太上救苦生天寶籙」或「太上救苦生天執照」。 2、奉行機構：“靈寶大法司”頒令，並註明施生天真堂執行機關、 3.度魂申文：“道真(or道旨)度神魂早昇天界”“给付神魂生天”。 4.靈寶四大護度真神名諱神號列舉：召請「度人不死尊神」「南極長生天神」「度世司馬大神」「好生韓君天神」等。5.伏以敘文祝詞：描述幽冥長夜之苦，幸遇金籙赦度，得出離更生。 6.《正統道藏》定本九真妙戒律條文：納入「九真妙戒」（九戒），源自《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》。 7.救苦真符與長生靈符兩大天符敕令、 8.太上老君落款敕令結語與印信規範。：“令赦度幽魂回籍貫，早昇天界”，並蓋上“靈寶大法司”或“陽平治都功印”或"道經師寶印"。一份完整的《神魂執照》全憑「受戒消業、金籙通行」為核心法理，亡魂持執可永久或暫時出離陰間、回陽籍享祭祀，功圓後超升天界。 == 版本流傳 == 因數百年民間手鈔、木版磨損與後世隨意改寫，現存版本劃分三大系統： # '''古傳原版（傳抄訛字本）'''：明清木刻祖本歷代傳抄本，普遍存形近、音近訛字，行文時有語句不通，但完整保留原始架構、神名體系與九戒金籙核心法理，恪守古本不擅自改動原文的傳統，屬傳訛存真之正宗版本； # '''校勘修正本'''：以古傳原版為底本，參照民間古傳收藏版本，民間道士手抄古本及《正統道藏》靈寶原典逐字訂訛補脫，不改動原文架構與法理，為現行道教科儀正式使用之規範定本； # '''黑字私纂本（偽改本）'''：近代民間私自改編衍生版本，刪戒律符籙，形制、法理皆偏離本源。核心錯誤： 1. 符籙系統錯亂：南斗六星諱號→魑魅魍魎，神性逆轉 2. 形制背離傳統：捨棄傳統白紙青書形制改用黑墨白紙「青書通東極青華大帝太乙救苦天尊」的道教符籙基本原則 3. 法理核心缺失：刪除九真妙戒與金籙天符等關鍵法理內容，使「受戒拔罪」法理基礎崩塌 4. 文體俗化：將原有駢體伏以改作七言悲情俗詩，側重亡魂在地府訴冤泣苦內容，法理殘缺，不具正統度亡憑證效力。宗教文書屬性淪為民間哀歌 == 南斗六星諱號與魑魅魍魎對比表 == 符籙核心元素錯誤對比 ! 項目 ! ! 正統神魂執照（救苦真符） ! ! 黑色私纂本（錯誤版本） ! ! 宗教意義差異 |- | 文字內容 || 南斗六星秘諱：離旨火天尊勝 | | 魑魅魍魎 | | 生神→惡靈，屬性完全相反 |- | 神格屬性 || 上生司命神，主延壽度厄、鍊魂生天 || 山川精怪，主魅惑害人、散播災厄 |- | 符籙功能 || 召請南斗星君護持亡魂，消除罪業，引導生天 || 招引邪祟纏身，阻礙亡魂超昇，反增罪業 |- | 宗教依據 || 《太上飛步南斗太微玉經》《南斗真經》 || 無任何正統道教經典支持，民間訛傳 | 具足傳統正確的南斗六星諱號生天寶籙版本:[[File:神魂執照舊版重訂.jpg||thumb|333px]] == 文化意義 == 神魂執照是中國傳統生死觀的集中體現，反映了華人「陰陽互通、生死相續」的信仰：認為亡魂並非永遠隔絕，可通過合法憑證返回陽間與家人團聚、享受祭祀，最終超昇天界。它既是道教度亡信仰的民間載體，也是孝道文化的重要表現形式 —— 子孫為祖先焚燒神魂執照，是盡孝、追思、祈求庇佑的體現。 作為流傳數百年的民俗文獻，神魂執照融合道教陰陽生死觀與儒家慎終追遠的孝道思想，既是宋元以來靈寶度亡信仰下沉民間的實物載體，也保存了明清以來民間道教科儀的演變軌跡，是明清華人民間喪葬祭祀文化的關鍵民俗文獻，是研究中國民間信仰、道教文化、民俗習慣的寶貴資料,兼具宗教文獻、民俗史料雙重研究價值。。 == 版本分類 == 《神魂執照》以民間木刻版印刷為主。因印版面積有限，各地刻工常採用濃縮字句、同音省筆等手法，導致出現大量錯字、漏字及文理不通現象。這些「錯字版」雖難以卒讀，卻真實保留了民間版刻的原貌，未經後人私意篡改，具有民俗學與文獻學研究價值。 20世紀末至21世紀初，市面上出現所謂「黑色神魂執照」本（因墨色濃黑得名），其文字多為現代人根據零星可辨字句重新編綴，甚至杜撰「大司長夜是堪光」「孤魂堤上苦流連」等詩句，與傳統道經及科儀規範不符，被視為偽造惡例。 現代整理者基於舊刻原貌本，參考《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》及華南地區科儀傳統，可校訂出文理通順且不失原意的《校訂通順本》。 === 古傳訛字本 === 明清木刻初版傳鈔衍生，文字多訛誤，體式完整，為所有後世版本祖源。[[Media:神魂執照古傳原版配四象28宿名字（傳抄訛字本）.png|点击查看古傳原版（傳抄訛字本）图片]] === 校勘修正定本 === 參考民間古傳收藏版本，民間道士手抄古本及道藏原典校正訛字，適用正統齋醮科儀。[[Media:神魂執照修正版本(一).jpg|点击查看修正版本(一)图片]] [[Media:神魂執照修正版本(二).jpg|点击查看修正版本(二)图片]] [[Media:神魂執照修正版本(三).jpg|点击查看修正版本(三)图片]] === 黑字私纂改寫本 === 近代新作改編本，刪戒律符籙，形制、法理皆偏離本源。[[Media:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png|黑字版祖本神魂執照图片]] <nowiki>**</nowiki>黑色版本並非毫無價值，它的「錯」不在於全盤杜撰，而在於對一份可能更古老、更原汁原味的底本進行了破壞性篡改。 ** <nowiki>##</nowiki> 一、黑色版標題的「存古」價值 黑色版本標題保留為“太上救赦生天符籙”，這是一個極其重要的發現。 | 版本 | 標題 | 說明 | |------ |------ | ------| | 《正統道藏》經典 | 太上敕赦生天寶籙 | 「敕赦」意為天帝下令赦罪，是正統格式 | | 舊刻原貌本（錯字版） | 太上救生 __天矢 | “救生”缺“苦”，“天矢”為“天敕”之形誤 | | 綠色校勘修正定本 | 太上救苦生天寶籙 | “救苦”取代“敕赦”，已發生變化 | | **黑色版本** | **太上救赦生天符籙** | **「救赦」保留「赦」字，接近「鎔赦」原意** | 黑色版的「太上救赦生天符籙」中，「救赦」二字連用，雖然不合正統「敕赦」的格式，但它保留了「赦」字──這個「赦」字（赦罪）是度亡文書的核心功能。相較之下，綠色版的「救苦生天寶籙」刪去了「赦」字，轉向「救苦」的表述，反而偏離了經典原文。 從版本學角度來看，黑色版本的標題更接近《正統道藏》中「太上敕赦生天寶籙」的原始形態，而綠色版本已經發生了語義漂移。這說明黑色版本的底本可能比綠色版本更古老，或者更直接地承襲了某一支較早的民間傳本。 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 二、「度人不死天神度」文字的保留 黑色版本保留了「度人不死天神度」這一文句，這也是重要線索。 | 版本 | 神號列舉 | 說明 | |----------------|---------------------------|-----------------| | 舊刻原貌本 | 貴人下死天神度（錯字） | 原文被嚴重誤刻 | | 綠色版本 | 度人不死天神度 | 已修正為正確版本 | | **黑色版本** | **度人不死天神度** | **與綠色版本一致** | 黑色版本在這句話上沒有出現「貴人下死」的明顯錯字，而是直接寫「度人不死天神度」。這說明黑色版本的底本在這一部分的文字可能比舊刻原貌本更準確，或者黑色版本在篡改時保留了這一關鍵句而未加改動。 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 三、黑色版本與綠色版本「源自於同一版本」的證據 推測黑色版本與綠色版本“源於同一版本”，這一推測有相當合理性，理由如下： 1. **標題形態相近**：兩者都保留了「太上救赦/救苦…生天…」的結構，而非舊刻原貌本的支離破碎。 2. **神號列舉一致**：兩者都寫“度人不死天神度”“南極長生天神度”“度世司馬天神度”“好生韓君天神度”，順序與用字完全相同。 3. **核心結構共享**：兩者都包含「伏以…」「南極長生度人天尊」「靈寶大法司」「太上老君」等關鍵元素。 基於這些共同特徵，可以推測：**黑色版本和綠色版本共享一個共同的祖本**。這個祖本可能是一份品質尚可的民間刻本或抄本，後來分化為兩支：一支被認真校訂，成為綠色版本（或類似的正規流通本）；另一支落入「不懂之人」手中，被私意篡改，成為黑色偽篡本。 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 四、「錯在落在不懂之人手上私意篡改」——黑色版本的根本問題 黑色版的悲劇在於：**它擁有不算太差的底本，卻被一個不懂道教文化的人肆意修改**。 具體表現為： 1. **胡亂「創作」伏以詩句**：底本中的「伏以」部分本應是四六騸文或散句，描述幽冥苦難和幸遇金籙赦度。黑色版的製作者看到原文殘缺或不解其意，便自行編造了「大司長夜是堪光」「孤魂堤上苦流連」等八句詩。這些詩雖然押韻、對仗，但內容完全是杜撰，與度亡儀軌毫無關聯。 2. **符印部分張冠李戴**：底本中的符印區域本應書寫南斗六星諱字或相關符咒。製作者看到這些字帶“鬼”旁，便以為是“魑魅魍魎”，直接填入。這是最致命的錯誤──將註生延壽的正神諱號替換為鬼怪名稱，徹底顛覆了文書的本質。 3. **整體拼湊感強**：黑色版本的其他部分（標題、神號、結語）基本上保留了底本原貌，唯獨在「伏以」和「符印」這兩個最需要專業知識的地方出了嚴重錯誤。這種「部分正確、部分錯誤」的特徵，恰恰印證了「落在不懂之人手上」的判斷——此人能照抄標題和神號，但無法理解祝詞的真正含義，也不知道符印應該寫什麼，只能憑想像填補。 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 五、黑色版本的學術價值：雖偽篡，但有研究意義 儘管黑色版本是偽篡本，但它並非毫無價值。恰恰相反，它的「偽篡」過程本身就具有學術研究的意義： 1. **作為「文化誤讀」的典型案例**：黑色版本記錄了民間工匠如何錯誤理解道教符號（將帶“鬼”旁的字等同於“鬼怪”），是研究“文化折扣”與“誤讀機制”的絕佳素材。 2. **作為版本流變的中介節點**：黑色版本介於「較為準確的底本」與「完全錯亂的翻刻本」之間。透過比對黑色版本與綠色版本、舊刻原貌本的異同，可以還原這個版本支系的演化軌跡。 3. **作為「偽託本」的鑑別基準**：了解了黑色版本的錯誤特徵（如杜撰的七言詩、「魑魅魍魎」等），就可以快速識別市面上其他類似的偽託本，避免將它們與正經文本混淆。 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 六、總結 1. **黑色版本有一個不差的底本**：其標題保留“赦”字，神號寫“度人不死”等，說明底本可能比舊刻原貌本更完整、更接近某一支較早的民間傳本。 2. **黑色版本與綠色版本同源**：兩者在標題、神號、結構上高度一致，應共享一個共同的祖本。綠色版本走向“校訂通順”，黑色版本則走向“私意篡改”。 3. **黑色版本毀在「不懂之人」手上**：製作者能照抄標題和神號，但無法理解祝詞和符印的含義，於是自行編造詩句、亂填符字，導致整體變質。 4. **黑色版本仍有研究價值**：它作為「文化誤讀」的典型案例、版本流變的中介節點、「偽託本」的鑑別基準，值得被學術性地記錄和研究——但這與將它當作「正確文本」使用是兩回事。 因此，對於黑色版本的正確態度應該是：**承認其底本的“古意”，批判其篡改的“妄為”，利用其錯誤的“特徵”，服務於學術研究的“澄清”**。它不是一份可以使用的儀式文書，但可以成為一面鏡子，照出民間文化傳播中的光怪陸離。 == 與冥路路引功能區分 == * 神魂執照：陰間→陽間→天界｜功用：拔罪受戒、回陽受祭、超升出輪迴 * 冥路路引：陽間→陰間｜功用：亡魂入冥通關、過殿審判 <nowiki>##</nowiki> 神魂執照與冥途路引的差異（逐點文字描述） <nowiki>**</nowiki>第一，方向相反。 ** 冥途路引的通行方向是從陽間前往陰間，主要用於引導新亡之魂離開人世、進入冥界歸宿；而神魂執照的方向恰恰是從陰間返回陽間，授予已處於冥界的幽魂以回陽、回鄉、受祭甚至更生的資格。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第二，使用時機不同。 ** 冥途路引通常在亡者初喪、出殯或下葬時焚化，屬於喪葬儀式的核心文書之一；神魂執照則多在清明節、中元節、寒衣節等「鬼節」期間使用，也常見於專門的道教超度法會，用於暫時返回陽間接受供養。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第三，核心功能有別。 ** 冥途路引的功能比較單一，本質是一份“通關文牒”，幫助亡魂通過奈何橋、鬼門關等冥界關卡，順利到達所屬陰司；神魂執照則融合了三種功能：一是作為“太上救苦生天寶簓”赦免亡魂戒法，二九宗作為“罪過三九國”傳授三九國戒新奇宗作為淨身亡。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第四，持有者的狀態不同。 ** 冥途路引的持有者是剛過世、尚未進入冥界的新亡之魂；神魂執照的持有者則是已經處於陰間、或經過一定度化後的幽魂，他們需要的是暫時或永久性地離開冥界回到陽間。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第五，文書的性質與稱謂不同。 ** 冥途路引多直接稱為“路引”“冥程路引”或“過關牒”，強調“路過”“通行”；神魂執照則多冠以“太上救苦生天寶籙”“神魂生天執照”等全稱，強調“生天”“執照”的權威性和憑證屬性，不僅僅是過路，而是持有某種權利的身份證明。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第六，所涉神係有側重。 **冥路引中召請的神吏多屬於冥界管理體系，如東嶽大帝、酆都北帝、十殿閻王、牛頭馬面、鬼卒獄吏等；神魂執照中召請的神祇則以南斗六司、度人不死尊神、南極長生大神、好生韓君、南昌上宮煉度司眾神為主，這些神祇的功能多與「註生」「延壽」「更生」「煉度」相關，而非單純的拘魂押送。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第七，是否包含戒律條文。 ** 冥路引一般只寫亡者資訊、通行指令和神印，不附戒律；神魂執照則常完整列入「九真妙戒」（即九戒），包括忠君、孝親、不殺、不淫、不盜、不嗔、不詐、不驕、不二等內容。這使得神魂執照同時承擔了「戒牒」的功能，要求亡魂受戒後方可獲得回陽更生的資格。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第八，焚化主體與場合略有差異。 ** 冥途路引通常由家屬在喪葬現場自行焚化，或由道士在入殮、起靈時燒化，儀式相對簡樸；神魂執照則多由高功法師在設壇、誦經、頒籙等較為完整的法事中敕疏離後焚化，也可由家庭成員在整文者燒死。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第九，​​象徵意義不同。 ** 冥路引象徵對亡魂「入死」過程的護送與護佑，幫助其平安進入另一個世界；神魂執照則象徵著對亡魂「回生」的允許與促成，使其在名義上暫時或永久地恢復陽間身份，能夠返鄉領受祭祀，甚至獲得投胎或升天的機緣。 <nowiki>**</nowiki>第十，經典依據的來源不同。 **冥途路引的文本格式多見於《靈寶玉鑑》《太上東岳太保青玄救苦妙經》等科儀文獻，側重陰曹地府的關津製度；神魂執照的核心教義則直接源於《正統道藏》中的《太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經》，以及《無上玄元三天玉堂大法》《上清靈寶大法》等典籍，側重金籙赦罪、九戒度亡、更生升天。 綜合以上各點，冥途路引和神魂執照在方向、時機、功能、神系、戒律、象徵等方面均有明顯區別，二者共同構成​​了道教度亡儀式中完整的「出陰入陽」的雙向文書體系。 == 相關條目 == * [[靈寶派]] * [[黃籙齋]] * [[九真妙戒]] * [[冥路路引]] * [[:zh:太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經]] == 參考文獻 == {{reflist}} {{cite book |author=佚名 |title=太上九真妙戒金籙度命拔罪妙經 |origyear=唐宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=王契真 |title=上清靈寶大法 |origyear=南宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=路時中 |title=無上玄元三天玉堂大法 |origyear=北宋 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=佚名 |title=道法會元 |origyear=元明 |publisher=文物出版社、上海書店、天津古籍出版社 |year=1988 |series=正統道藏 |location=北京、上海、天津}} {{cite book |author=任宗權 |title=道教科儀概覽 |publisher=巴蜀書社 |year=2003 |location=成都}} {{cite book |author=任宗權 |title=道教章表符印文化研究 |publisher=宗教文化出版社 |year=2001 |location=北京}} {{cite book |author=香港青松觀編纂組 |title=道教與善生善死 |publisher=青松觀出版社 |year=2012 |location=香港}} {{cite book |author=永樂宮壁畫保護研究院 |title=蒙元道教度戒牒文實物匯編 |publisher=山西人民出版社 |year=2015 |location=太原}} {{cite book |title=中國大百科全書·宗教卷 |publisher=中國大百科全書出版社 |year=2009 |location=北京 |chapter=冥途路引}}王見川等編：《民間宗教》第四輯（收錄度亡文書圖版） [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] evygy812os774j3ja8d2pmdm66v1e7l 0 451810 1339341 1339340 2026-06-03T14:08:15Z Sai Myo Thura Kyaw 946522 Add contents 1339341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{header | title = သႃႇသၼႃႇ လႄႈ တႆး | author = ၸဝ်ႈၶူး Dr. ပၺ်ၺႃသီရိ သၢႆပွၼ် | override_author = | editor = | translator = | contributor = | override_contributor = | section = | previous = [[သႃႇသၼႃႇ လႄႈ တႆး/ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်းတိုၵ်းသူၼ်း တႃႇပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ|ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်းတိုၵ်းသူၼ်း တႃႇပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ]] | previous2 = | next = [[သႃႇသၼႃႇ လႄႈ တႆး/လိူၵ်ႈႁႃတီႈ တေပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ|လိူၵ်ႈႁႃတီႈ တေပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ]] | next2 = | year = | notes = | edition = ပွၵ်ႈၵမ်းၼိုင်ႈ | categories = သႃႇသၼႃႇပုတ်ႉထ | shortcut = | portal = }} ဝၢႆးသေၶွတ်ႇၽွတ်ႈမူႇၸုမ်းယဝ်ႉ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇလူင်ဢႃႇလေႃးၵ ဢၵ်ၵမႁႃႇပၼ်တိတ မိူင်းသႅၼ်ဝီ ၸင်ႇလိူၵ်ႈႁႃတီႈ တေပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈၵႂႃႇယူႇယဝ်ႉ။ မၼ်းၸဝ်ႈႁၼ်ထိုင်ဝႃႈ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင်ၼႆႉ တၵႃႇ ၶဝ်ၵေႃႈ မီးၸေႇတၼႃႇလီ တီႈမၼ်းၵေႃႈ တူၵ်းထုၵ်ႇၼႆယဝ်ႉ။ တီႈမၼ်းတူၵ်းထုၵ်ႇဢၼ်ဝႃႈၼႆႉ ပေႃးဢဝ်လၢႆး ဝေတပေႇတၢင်ႇ ဝႃႈ ပၢင်ၼႆႉ ပဵၼ်တူဝ်ႁႃႈ၊ ဝၼ်းၽတ်း၊ လူင်သမ်ႉ ပဵၼ်တူဝ်သီႇ၊ ဝၼ်းပုတ်ႉသေ သွင်တူဝ်ၼႆႉ ပေႃးမႃးဢဝ်လေႃးၵၼ် ပဵၼ်ၵဝ်ႈ ၵဝ်ႈ ဢၼ်ဝႃႈၼႆႉ ပဵၼ်ဢၼ်လီ၊ ဢၼ်မီးမင်ႇၵလႃႇ၊ ဢၼ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ၶိုပ်ၼႃႈၶိုၼ်ႈယႂ်ႇၼႆယူႇယဝ်ႉ။ လိူဝ်သေၼၼ်ႉ မၼ်းၸဝ်ႈႁၼ်ထိုင်ဝႃႈ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင်ၼႆႉ သီႇၽၢႆႇသီႇၼႃႈ လုၵ်ႉၽၢႆႇလႂ်မႃးၵေႃႈ လႆႈၶိုၼ်ႈ ပဵၼ်တီႈၼႃႈလိၼ်ၶိုၼ်ႈယႂ်ႇၼႆယဝ်ႉ။ ယွၼ်ႉၼၼ်လႄႈ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇလူင်ဢႃလေႃၵ ၸင်ႇလိူၵ်ႈဢဝ်တီႈၼၼ်ႈ ႁဵတ်းပဵၼ်တီႈပိၼ်ႇ ပိတၵၢတ်ႈတႆးၵႂႃႇယူႇ။ မိူၼ်ၼၼ်ယူႇတႄႉ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင်ၼႆႉ ပဵၼ်ဝဵင်းဢၼ်လူင်းလၢႆးမိုဝ်း လိၵ်ႈႁူမ်ႈမၢႆတႃႇမိူင်းႁူမ်ႈတုမ် မိူင်းမၢၼ်ႈ လွတ်ႈလႅဝ်းသဝ်းၶေႃ မိူဝ်ႈပီ 1947၊ လိူၼ်ၵျၼ်ႇၼျူးယႄႇရီႇ 4 ဝၼ်းၼၼ်ႉ ၵေႃႈၸႂ်ႈ။ လိူဝ်သေၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်သင်ႇၶၸဝ်ႈၶဝ် ပိၼ်ပိတၵၢတ်ႈတႆးသေ ယဝ်ႉၵႂႃႇၼၼ်ႉၵေႃႈ သမ်ႉပဵၼ်တီႈၼႆႈထႅင်ႈၼင်ႇၵဝ်ႇ။ ယွၼ်ႉၼၼ် တီႈပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈတႆးၼႆႉ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင် သၢင်ႇထုၵ်ႇသေပိူၼ်ႈၼႆ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇလူင်ဢႃလေႃၵ ၸဝ်ႈၵႂၢၼ်းပၢႆးလူင် သႅၼ်ဝီ ၸင်ႇလိူၵ်ႈ ဢဝ်တီႈၼႆႈ ႁဵတ်းပဵၼ်ငဝ်ႈလူင်မၼ်းယူႇ။ {{dhr|3}} {{rule|6em|align=left|style=border:1px solid}} {{Reflist}} [[Category:တႆး]] gkffd7jwqn4kw1gebgvlsjft4wkwaka 1339342 1339341 2026-06-03T14:09:40Z Sai Myo Thura Kyaw 946522 Add contents 1339342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{header | title = သႃႇသၼႃႇ လႄႈ တႆး | author = ၸဝ်ႈၶူး Dr. ပၺ်ၺႃသီရိ သၢႆပွၼ် | override_author = | editor = | translator = | contributor = | override_contributor = | section = | previous = [[သႃႇသၼႃႇ လႄႈ တႆး/ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်းတိုၵ်းသူၼ်း တႃႇပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ|ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်းတိုၵ်းသူၼ်း တႃႇပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ]] | previous2 = | next = [[သႃႇသၼႃႇ လႄႈ တႆး/လိူၵ်ႈႁႃတီႈ တေပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ|လိူၵ်ႈႁႃတီႈ တေပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈ]] | next2 = | year = | notes = | edition = ပွၵ်ႈၵမ်းၼိုင်ႈ | categories = သႃႇသၼႃႇပုတ်ႉထ | shortcut = | portal = }} ဝၢႆးသေၶွတ်ႇၽွတ်ႈမူႇၸုမ်းယဝ်ႉ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇလူင်ဢႃႇလေႃးၵ ဢၵ်ၵမႁႃႇပၼ်တိတ မိူင်းသႅၼ်ဝီ ၸင်ႇလိူၵ်ႈႁႃတီႈ တေပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈၵႂႃႇယူႇယဝ်ႉ။ မၼ်းၸဝ်ႈႁၼ်ထိုင်ဝႃႈ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင်ၼႆႉ တၵႃႇ ၶဝ်ၵေႃႈ မီးၸေႇတၼႃႇလီ တီႈမၼ်းၵေႃႈ တူၵ်းထုၵ်ႇၼႆယဝ်ႉ။ တီႈမၼ်းတူၵ်းထုၵ်ႇဢၼ်ဝႃႈၼႆႉ ပေႃးဢဝ်လၢႆး ဝေတပေႇတၢင်ႇ ဝႃႈ ပၢင်ၼႆႉ ပဵၼ်တူဝ်ႁႃႈ၊ ဝၼ်းၽတ်း၊ လူင်သမ်ႉ ပဵၼ်တူဝ်သီႇ၊ ဝၼ်းပုတ်ႉသေ သွင်တူဝ်ၼႆႉ ပေႃးမႃးဢဝ်လေႃးၵၼ် ပဵၼ်ၵဝ်ႈ ၵဝ်ႈ ဢၼ်ဝႃႈၼႆႉ ပဵၼ်ဢၼ်လီ၊ ဢၼ်မီးမင်ႇၵလႃႇ၊ ဢၼ်ႁဵတ်းႁႂ်ႈ ၶိုပ်ၼႃႈၶိုၼ်ႈယႂ်ႇၼႆယူႇယဝ်ႉ။ လိူဝ်သေၼၼ်ႉ မၼ်းၸဝ်ႈႁၼ်ထိုင်ဝႃႈ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင်ၼႆႉ သီႇၽၢႆႇသီႇၼႃႈ လုၵ်ႉၽၢႆႇလႂ်မႃးၵေႃႈ လႆႈၶိုၼ်ႈ ပဵၼ်တီႈၼႃႈလိၼ်ၶိုၼ်ႈယႂ်ႇၼႆယဝ်ႉ။ ယွၼ်ႉၼၼ်လႄႈ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇလူင်ဢႃလေႃၵ ၸင်ႇလိူၵ်ႈဢဝ်တီႈၼၼ်ႈ ႁဵတ်းပဵၼ်တီႈပိၼ်ႇ ပိတၵၢတ်ႈတႆးၵႂႃႇယူႇ။ မိူၼ်ၼၼ်ယူႇတႄႉ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင်ၼႆႉ ပဵၼ်ဝဵင်းဢၼ်လူင်းလၢႆးမိုဝ်း လိၵ်ႈႁူမ်ႈမၢႆတႃႇမိူင်းႁူမ်ႈတုမ် မိူင်းမၢၼ်ႈ လွတ်ႈလႅဝ်းသဝ်းၶေႃ မိူဝ်ႈပီ 1947၊ လိူၼ်ၵျၼ်ႇၼျူးယႄႇရီႇ 4 ဝၼ်းၼၼ်ႉ ၵေႃႈၸႂ်ႈ။ လိူဝ်သေၼၼ်ႉ ဢၼ်သင်ႇၶၸဝ်ႈၶဝ် ပိၼ်ပိတၵၢတ်ႈတႆးသေ ယဝ်ႉၵႂႃႇၼၼ်ႉၵေႃႈ သမ်ႉပဵၼ်တီႈၼႆႈထႅင်ႈၼင်ႇၵဝ်ႇ။ ယွၼ်ႉၼၼ် တီႈပိၼ်ႇပိတၵၢတ်ႈတႆးၼႆႉ ဝဵင်းပၢင်လူင် သၢင်ႇထုၵ်ႇသေပိူၼ်ႈၼႆ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇလူင်ဢႃလေႃၵ ၸဝ်ႈၵႂၢၼ်းပၢႆးလူင် သႅၼ်ဝီ ၸင်ႇလိူၵ်ႈ ဢဝ်တီႈၼႆႈ ႁဵတ်းပဵၼ်ငဝ်ႈလူင်မၼ်းယူႇ။ မိူဝ်ႈဢွၼ်တၢင်းၵေႃႈ တီႈတႃႇတေပိၼ်ႇ ပိတၵၢတ်ႈတႆးၼႆႉ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇလူင်ပၼ်တိတ မိူင်းၼွင် ဢွၼ်ႁူဝ်ၸူဝ်းဢဝ် ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇဝိၸိတ်တသႃရ ၵျွင်းထၢတ်ႈတေႃႇ လွႆလႅမ်၊ ၸဝ်ႈသြႃႇသီႁၼႃတ ၶဝ်ၸဝ်ႈယိူင်းဝႆႉ တီႈထၢတ်ႈတေႃႇ လွႆလႅမ်ဢွၼ်တၢင်း။ ယွၼ်ႉၼၼ် လႄႈ ၼႂ်းပီ 1316 (1954) ၼီႈၼၼ်ႉ ပူၵ်းတင်ႈပဵၼ်မႃး ဝတ်ႉထၢတ်ႈ တေႃႇယူႇယဝ်ႉ။ တႃႇတေလႆႈၼႃႈလိၼ်တီႈၼၼ်ႈ ဢွၼ်တၢင်းသုတ်း လႆႈမိူဝ်းယွၼ်း ၶေႃႈၶႂၢင်းၼႃႈလိၼ် တီႈၸဝ်ႈၼုမ်ႇ ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉလၢႆၶႃႈ။ ယွၼ်ႉမၼ်းပဵၼ် ၸဝ်ႈၼင်လိၼ်။ ၵေႃႉလူင်းလၢႆးမိုဝ်းမၼ်း တႄႉ ပဵၼ်ၶိင်းထုၼ်းလူႇ ၽူႈၵႂၢၼ်း ၸေႈဝဵင်းလွႆႈလႅမ်ၼႆယဝ်ႉ။<ref>Ibid. p 69</ref> {{dhr|3}} {{rule|6em|align=left|style=border:1px solid}} {{Reflist}} [[Category:တႆး]] 3v3j93o7ghgv6xyj0u3nhppj8qp1yfg 104 451811 1339343 2026-06-03T15:15:20Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339343 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude>क धन द्रव्यस लोभ याकम्ह यात अनेग विद्या जंत्र मंत्र शासलनं थियिओ मखु थ्वतेया कारनस थ्व धन द्रव्यस लोभ तयाओ छल जालन फुतकेगू जाकि अन्न आदि वस्तुक सम्पन्ति अनेग जत्न यानानं निदान विचाल याय माल थुति यातसा दक्वल लाक्ष्मि नं बधय जुयाओयिओ थुका धकं श्री साक्य सिंह भगवान नं आज्ञा दयकलं। थ्वते आज्ञा ङेनाओ शारिपुत्र भिक्षु आदिं अद्‌भुत् चायाओ चिमिस बोहबोह जायकाओ चित्तबोध जुयाओ चोनजुल॥ ॥ इतिश्री कपिशा वदान संघ वस्तु निर्देश बर्तौनामं षष्टमो ध्याय ॥६॥ थ्वनंलि पुनर्बार सारिपुत्र भिक्षुनं थओ आश्रमनं दनाओ लाहातस जोजलपाओ<noinclude></noinclude> cag8texgu903asllzgep6awkzobburx 104 451812 1339344 2026-06-03T15:29:10Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339344 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude>प्रार्थना यातं। हे भगवन् छलपोलनं आग्या दयकुगु वचन ङेनाओ जिपनि कृतार्थ जुयधुन ॥ आओ भिक्षु संघ पनिस्त पूजा माने यानाओ दान बियागू पिण्डपात्र दोहलपागु ॥ थ्वया फल छु छु लाक गुलित पुन्य दु सत्वप्रानि मनुष्य गथ्य उद्वार जुयकाओ निर्वाण पद लात थ्व ख विस्तारनं आज्ञा प्रसन्न जुयमाल धकं विनति यातं थ्वते भिक्षु पनिगू वचन भाखा ङेनाओ श्री भगवनन केवल मुसुहुनं न्हिलाओ आज्ञा दयकलं॥ भो भिक्षु छपनिस्यनं संघया वस्तुक लोभ यानाओ मनुष्यनं झिमखुगु १६ नरकयागू ख ने ने धुनकलओ संघया वस्तुक निदान यानाओ दान बियागु पुण्य फल दयाओ जिनं कने पूजाया<noinclude></noinclude> mdjdb00xrtuw7wr1v2n02e08tcchr3d 104 451813 1339345 2026-06-03T15:51:22Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339345 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude>फल विस्तारनं कङे छपनिस्यनं न्यओ ग्वम्ह पुरुषनं ग्वबेलसं दान बिय बेलसं चित्त सुद्ध यानाओ दान बियगु दिन पर्व काल ग्वबेलस धासा कलियुगया दिन। श्रावण कृष्णया त्रयोदसि षुनु जुल हनं जुल हनं त्रेताजुगया दीन जुलं। माघ शुक्लया पुर्ण्हंमा खुन्हु जुल हनं द्वापर जुगया दिन पर्व काल ग्वबलस धालसा॥ बैशाष शुक्लया तृतिया दीनस जुल हनं सत्य जुगया पर्वकाल जुलं॥ कार्तिक शुक्लया जुगादि नओमि षुनु जुल। बिसेषनं श्रावण शुक्लया अष्टमि खुनु याय जिओ ग्वम्ह मनुष्यनं गन दान बिल अन अन पुन्य फल लायिओ। दान धयागू सदासर्वकालं यायमाल। सत्वप्रानि उद्धार यायिगू दाननं थुका। सत्वप्रानि<noinclude></noinclude> 4t916a7k8psn8lmagbbf2kjkvbjxey5 104 451814 1339346 2026-06-03T16:40:04Z Ganjidvd 743383 /* Proofread */ 1339346 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Ganjidvd" /></noinclude>{{center|[[File:Sonetti romagnoli 249.png|500px]]}} {{center|«Andè in seduta franc com un Suvran»<noinclude> (pag. 209).</noinclude>}} [[Category:Rumagnôl]]<noinclude></noinclude> a7h0z96d6ep3j35mj2x3chu2o54ckjw 104 451815 1339347 2026-06-03T16:54:55Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339347 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude>या कारन सदान याय थुगु दाननं जुलस्यंलि पतस स्वर्ग ओनेयात। कुता जुयाओ यिओ थुका। थुगु कथं सियकाओ फक्व चा क्वतओ धन पर्व कालस विधि विधानथ्यं होम पूजा दान बिय छु छु धालसा भूमिदान पिण्डपात्र दान कन्या दान थओ स्त्री । पुत्र । पुत्री । धन संपत्ति दान थओ गृह थओ आत्मा थथिन वस्तुक भिनगु जोगबार तिथिन क्षेत्रबार षे लासलातकं बिचणी मनुष्यनं दानयाय मखु खुनु, कुदिनसक दाचितु दान विय इछा याय मतेओ। आकासस श्री चंद्रमा श्री सुर्य मदुगू संध्याकालस छुं कार्य याय मतेओ गथे धालसा मखुगु काल बेलास। आकासनं वर्ज मलक कुटिन ओयाओ विघ्र जुयीओथ्यं । फल दक्व ना<noinclude></noinclude> 93xgmke52966p56hzwjvfysly8355ft 104 451816 1339348 2026-06-03T16:55:36Z Ganjidvd 743383 /* Proofread */ 1339348 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Ganjidvd" /></noinclude>{{center|[[File:Sonetti romagnoli 231.png|500px]]}} {{center|Una notte di Dante<noinclude> (pag. 189).</noinclude>}} [[Category:Rumagnôl]]<noinclude></noinclude> 9fz10ykz44e6hgshedycqt21m5rd2z7 104 451817 1339349 2026-06-03T17:03:52Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339349 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude>स जुयाओ ओनिओ थ्वतेया कारनंस भिनगु बेलासं दान यायु‌माल ॥ ॥ सर्वानंद राजानं शुभजोग स्वयाओ सुवर्ण्ह पिण्डपात्र दान बियाओ मोक्ष पद लात। थ्वथ्यं दान धर्मयाय माल धकं श्री भगवानन आग्या दयकलं ॥ भो भिक्षुगन थ्व ख जिनं बिधि बिधानथ्यं छपनिस्त फल लाकगू बिसेखनं दान बियागु पुन्य उत्पत्ति जुओगु पूजाविधि ऐश्वर्य धन मोक्ष लाय दयाओ चोनगू कन्य धकं श्री शाक्यमुनिनं दानगाथाया ख कना बिज्यातं ॥॥ भूमौदु कुलां__ बिचित्र पत्रै सन्त्रारयेत्सगत संघ पनि कुमाय॥ येनार्पिते बिपुल भोग्य महा निधान तेना बलि प्रति लभूत्स भवे षुतस्य ॥ ॥ भो भिक्षु ग्वम्ह पुरुषनं तथागत आर्य्य संघ भि<noinclude></noinclude> i9lo3f3aryoxni4xf2xycy8ai2w9qex 104 451818 1339350 2026-06-03T17:18:23Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339350 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />92LENAPÉ-ENGLISH</noinclude>Natschuwallen, to fetch a load. Nattawoapandamen, to look for, to seek. Nattawoapin, to look for something; (to look around. A.) Natto'namak, son-in-law (my). Nattonamen, to seek for somebody. Nauwaquepin, to hang down the head; (out of use; present form, nimiquoquepu. A.) Nauweechinke, afternoon; (present form, lauwauquen. A.) Nawalan, to pursue somebody, to follow some one. Nawalittin, to pursue each other. Nawehhelleu, afternoon. Nawochgen, to follow. Nawotallauwin, to hunt by the way. Ndappoanum, my bread. Ndauwat, scarce, rare; rarely, seldom. Ndelgiqui, etc., so as I, etc. Ndellan, I tell somebody. Ndelli, etc., that I, etc. Ndoniken, to seek. Ndoochtawachtin, to inquire of cach other. Ne, (pl., nek) the. Nechasin, to be careful, to be watchful. Nechink, the third time. Nechit, third. Nechnutschinget, nurse. Nechochwen, to travel alone, to walk alone. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> oglf2osmxw8cb7zulzv5jnl5juw9h8c 104 451819 1339351 2026-06-03T17:19:33Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339351 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />DICTIONARY. 93</noinclude>Nechoha, alone. Nechohalennin, to be alone. Nechohanne, to be alone. Nechoheteu, the house is empty. Nehellatank, the Lord; (nehellalowit. A.) Neichgussin, to be seen, to be manifested. Neichquot, apparent. Neichtin, to see each other. Neka, he, she, it. Nekama, he, she, it. Nekamawa, they. Nekti, the only one, single. Nektilennin, to be quite alone. Nektinquot, one-eyed. Nelema, not yet. Nelemago, not yet. Nelemata, not yet. Nellnill, these. Nelowauchsin, to lead a heathenish life, to be a heathen. Nelowauchsit, unbeliever, heathen. Nemen, to see. Nemoagan, sight. Nemochwitschet, the main sinew of the leg. Nenachgistawachtin, to hearken to one another, to listen to each other. Nenajunges, horse; (from najundam, to carry burdens on the back. A.) Nenajungeshammen, to ride on horseback. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> ghn975qpvxctnu13obmne9fzjudix0u 104 451820 1339352 2026-06-03T17:20:48Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339352 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />94 LENAPÉ-ENGLISH</noinclude>Nenapalek, unworthy, good for nothing. Nendawagan, torch, lamp. Nendawen, to carry a lamp, to go with a torch. Nennachgallit, stammerer, stutterer; (nachnachqueu. A.) Nennawipoquot, right tasted. Nennemawahan, to find somebody out. Nenostammoewagan, understanding. Nentsitasin, to appear; (not in use. A.) Nepe, I also; I too. Nepene, we also; we too. Nescalenk, or, Nesgessit Lenape, Z., black man, negro (lit., black face. A.). Ne schuk (used after negat.), but. Ne shaki, so long as. Nesquo, not yet. Netami, first, the first. Netamiechen, first, the first. Netamiechink, first, in the first place. Netopalis, warrior; (menctopalis, a scout or skirmisher. A.) Netopalowewagan, war. Neuchtin, to see each other. Neweleney, fourfold. Neweleneyit, fourth. Newen, four times. Newentschi, therefore. Newinachke, forty. Newo, four. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 8btbgujgbicyostekjao0gasobbpil4 104 451821 1339353 2026-06-03T17:22:16Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339353 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude>क्षुपनिस्त अति नाचियाओ चोनगु तास तिनिषा पात वस्त्र भुमिस बशा लायाओं श्री दीपंकरादि बिज्यात किओ।। थ्वम्ह पुरुषया सदाकालं नाना प्रकारया विपुल जातया बस्तुक नय द‌याओ अष्टधातु लु ओह आदि खानि लानाओ बारंबार पराक्रम दयाओ चोनी चोनी।। बसा लायागु फल ।। १।। नकिंच दुस्र दकपादमेब चसु शीतनं स्वर्गधिकं तथा।। प्रक्षाल्य पादौ सुगतस्य शुद्ध यात त्र कुबेरं मुपैत्य सौनर || || ग्वम्ह मनुष्यनं सुगत तथागतयात श्रद्धा भाव तयाओ नकं क्वाकगू लंख मखु ।। नकं ख्वाउगू लंख मखु लु मुस्य स्वछद नीर्मलगू लंखसं कुसुम केशरि सुगंध वाश ओओगू कुंकुम आदि तयाओ थुगू लंखनं तथागतयात जुल<noinclude></noinclude> 0iskxu6y69ops8abuxy5tcg6jl6cpwh 104 451822 1339354 2026-06-03T17:22:18Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339354 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />DICTIONARY.95</noinclude>Newopachki, four hundred.. Newowikan, four fathoms. Ngachkenumen, Z., the break of day. Ngagebinque, etc., I am blind, etc. Ngagepchoa, etc., I am deaf, etc. Ngagiguwe, etc., I am lively, etc. Ngaginche, etc., I am. Ngaltin, to quit each other. Ngamuin, to keep a feast in Indian style. Ngattummen, to leave behind, to bequeath; nga'ttammen, Z. (to abandon, not to bequeath. A.). Ngemewi, always, constantly. Nguttachtschessowen, to lay up one treasure only. Nguttapachki, one hundred. Nguttelendin, to be of one mind, to have one object. Ngutteleneyachgat, a single one. Ngutteli, one, single; singly. Ngutti, one. Nguttitehen, to be of one heart and mind, to agree. Nguttitehewagan, the being of one mind; unanimity. Nguttokuni, one night. Nhakeuchsin, to hope, to trust. Nhakeuchswochwen, to go in hope. Nhakewelendamen, to hope, to trust. Nhakewelendamoagan, hope. Nhakey, myself. Nhittami, at first, the first. Ni, I. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> n600a7zs9fxo0etv66fi0ckf62sux24 104 451823 1339355 2026-06-03T17:23:22Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339355 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />96 LENAPÉ-ENGLISH</noinclude>Nianque, Z., a wild cat. Niechin, to come down. Nieskeu, Z., dirty. Nigani, before, foremost, beforehand; (out of use; nichala, I outrun him. A.) Niganigapawin, to stand foremost. Niganit, the foremost. Niganitawan, to run before somebody, to outrun some one; to come before somebody. Nihillachquen, to kill a bear. Nihillalatschik, subjects, people. Nihillalgussin, to be dependent on another's command. Nihillalquonk, Lord, master. Nihillan, to strike somebody. Nihil'lan, to kill somebody. Nihillapejuwagan, redemption, ransom. Nihillapeuhen, to make free, to liberate, to redeeni. Nihillapeuhoalid, my Redeemer. Nihillapewi, free. Nihillapewin, to be one's own master, to be free. Nihillapewit, freeman. Nihillasohen, to make free, to deliver. Nihillasowagan, freedom, liberty. Nihillatamen, to own, to be master of. Nihillatammoewagan, right, privilege. Nihillatschi, self, one's own person. Nihillowen, to put to death, to murder. Nihillowet, murderer. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> npluzn33mjpxmj6nus0415row0ld5mq 104 451824 1339356 2026-06-03T17:24:40Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339356 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />DICTIONARY. 97</noinclude>Nihillowewi, murderous. Nik, these, those. Nikik, these, those. Nil, these. Nilchgussin, to be struck dead. Nilchtin, to strike each other dead. Nilum, my sister-in-law; (or brother-in-law, in opposite families. A.) Niluna, we (including only the party speaking). Nimat, my brother; (used also as friendly salutation between distant relatives. A.) Nimawanachen, to make provision for a journey (from nimavan, a lunch. A.). Nimenees, fish hawk. Ninachtak, my brethren. Ninutachpin, to be from the beginning. Ninutschi, at the beginning, before now. Nipachton, to raise, to set up. Nipahwi, by night, at night. Nipahwochwen, to go by night, to travel at night. Nipawin, to stand, to stand up. Nipen, summer. Nipenachhen, summer hunt.. Nischa, two. Nischapachki, two hundred. Nischasch, seven. Nischasch tcha pachki, seven hundred. Nischasch tche nachke, seventy. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> jeytho407vx932wtxtmf6uwaun7zn8z 104 451825 1339357 2026-06-03T17:25:41Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339357 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />98LENAPÉ-ENGLISH</noinclude>Nischekat, double. Nischeleney, twofold, two sorts. Nischen, twice. Nischeneyit, second. Nischinachke, twenty. Nischink, in the second place. Nischitquin, to kneel down; (nishitquihin. A.) Nischitquitawan, to kneel to somebody. Nischogunakat, two days ago, day before yesterday. Nischogunakhake, two days hence, day after to-morrow. Niskachgelunen, to lie abominably. Niskachgelunewagan, an abominable lie. Niskalamuin, to make an ugly noise, to cry. Niskallogen, to do dirty work. Niskallogewagan, nasty work. Niskandamen, to taste nasty. Niskassisku, muddy, miry. Niskelan, ugly weather, rainy weather.. Niskelendam, to loathe. Niskenolhand, miserably lazy. Niskeu, nasty, dirty; (niskaloje, Z., it is dirty.) Niskiton, to dirty; to bedaub. Niskpatton, to make wet, to throw water. Niskpeu, wet. Nisktonhen, to be noisy, to talk nasty. Nisktonhewagan, noisy, lying, nasty talk. Nitaton, to be able to make something, to know how to do it; n'nita, I can. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> dpo1mlyrw7k3fe475moy8fbvp0h63ae 104 451826 1339358 2026-06-03T17:27:36Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339358 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />DICTIONARY.99</noinclude>Nitaus, sister-in-law (my brother's wife) (not in use. A.). Nithuy, Z., the navel." Nitis, friend, companion. Nitsch! my child (exclamation of fondness). Nitschan, my child, my friend; (my child) (not friend. A.) Nitschantit, my little friend. Noch, my father. Nocha, my father. Nochan, my father. Nochgoatamen, to lick; (I lick. A.) Nochnutemaliuwet, watchman, keeper; (mechnotalizuet. A) Nochnutemexetschik, shepherds. Nodhittamen, to come into danger; (to meet by accident, lucky or unlucky. A.) Nohenopenowagan, Z., the ague (lit., the sickness that recurs again and again. A.). Nohulentschik, those who give suck; (error; it means the infants who suck. A.) Nolemelanden, sultry weather; (the word means something pleasing or agreeable, hence, warm weather. A.) Nolemiwi, invisible, unseen; (properly means, not seeing, or not looking. A.) Nolemutees, silk worm. Nolhand, lazy; (out of use. See gichtammen. A.) Nolhandewagan, laziness. Nonagan, milk; (error; it means the nipple or mamma {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 4b4emfmuvg0y8tt3lz5r4lodfwkqyfb 1339360 1339358 2026-06-03T17:28:20Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339360 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />DICTIONARY.99</noinclude>Nitaus, sister-in-law (my brother's wife) (not in use. A.). Nithuy, Z., the navel." Nitis, friend, companion. Nitsch! my child (exclamation of fondness). Nitschan, my child, my friend; (my child) (not friend. A.) Nitschantit, my little friend. Noch, my father. Nocha, my father. Nochan, my father. Nochgoatamen, to lick; (I lick. A.) Nochnutemaliuwet, watchman, keeper; (mechnotalizuet. A) Nochnutemexetschik, shepherds. Nodhittamen, to come into danger; (to meet by accident, lucky or unlucky. A.) Nohenopenowagan, Z., the ague (lit., the sickness that recurs again and again. A.). Nohulentschik, those who give suck; (error; it means the infants who suck. A.) Nolemelanden, sultry weather; (the word means something pleasing or agreeable, hence, warm weather. A.) Nolemiwi, invisible, unseen; (properly means, not seeing, or not looking. A.) Nolemutees, silk worm. Nolhand, lazy; (out of use. See gichtammen. A.) Nolhandewagan, laziness. Nonagan, milk; (error; it means the nipple or mamma<noinclude></noinclude> npcf9umayjyt9d6c1azlojttm6xbqgs 104 451827 1339359 2026-06-03T17:28:01Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339359 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />100 LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH</noinclude>of a woman; no native word for milk is known. The English mellik is used. 4.) Nonetschik, sucking babes. Nonohellaan, Z., to give suck. Nonschetto, Z., a doe. Nosawoapamen, to gaze, to look steadfastly at some- thing. Noschhokquin, to go over the ice. Nosogamen, to follow; (to imitate a person's conduct. A.) Nostamoewagan, understanding. Nostawachtin, to understand each other. Notamaeishican, H., a fishing spear. Notchan, to come to somebody. Notschingen, to nurse. Nowahan, to know somebody; (dub., n'nennawa, I know him. A.) Nowaton, to know. Nowoaktschochwen, to go a crooked road. Nowoawelendam, to be certain, to be sure of; (out of use; m'majazvelen'dam, I am certain of it. A.) Nquistook, my sons; an old form; modern form, n'quisak. (The syllable to is still inserted in certain formal addresses. A.) N'schingi, etc., I do it unwillingly. Ntiasohen, to feed, to pasture; (out of use. A.) Ntite, for. Ntite, I think; (n'diteha, I think. A.)<noinclude></noinclude> 9ezf3868mvnehn0r3jj9uqkxth1pjbz 1339361 1339359 2026-06-03T17:29:49Z Cwrwgl 937938 1339361 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />100 LENÂPÉ-ENGLISH</noinclude>of a woman; no native word for milk is known. The English mellik is used. A.) Nonetschik, sucking babes. Nonohellaan, Z., to give suck. Nonschetto, Z., a doe. Nosawoapamen, to gaze, to look steadfastly at something. Noschhokquin, to go over the ice. Nosogamen, to follow; (to imitate a person's conduct. A.) Nostamoewagan, understanding. Nostawachtin, to understand each other. Notamaeishican, H., a fishing spear. Notchan, to come to somebody. Notschingen, to nurse. Nowahan, to know somebody; (dub., n'nennawa, I know him. A.) Nowaton, to know. Nowoaktschochwen, to go a crooked road. Nowoawelendam, to be certain, to be sure of; (out of use; m'majazvelen'dam, I am certain of it. A.) Nquistook, my sons; an old form; modern form, n'quisak. (The syllable to is still inserted in certain formal addresses. A.) N'schingi, etc., I do it unwillingly. Ntiasohen, to feed, to pasture; (out of use. A.) Ntite, for. Ntite, I think; (n'diteha, I think. A.) {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> fyf8ft240vaqiv7yzw8k6yhpzs4e7cz 104 451828 1339362 2026-06-03T17:31:23Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339362 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />DICTIONARY. 101</noinclude>Ntitechquo, for, because. Ntitechto, for, because. Ntutemawachtin, to question each other. Nukachtachemawachtowagan, last will, testament. Nukachtummen, to forsake, to leave. Nukalan, to forsake somebody, to leave some one. Nukti, once more; only one. Nuktogunak, one night. Nuktoguni, only one night. Nummahauwan, to perceive somebody, to be aware of some one. Nuna'gan, Z., the breasts of a woman (see above). Nundahemewagan, want, scarcity. Nundajelensin, to be discouraged, to be low-spirited;(more exactly, I do not feel equal to it. A.) Nundajelensowagan, humility. Nundajelensuochwen, to go humbly. Nundawi, wanting, less. Nundehhellan, to want, to be in need. Nundehhellewagan, want. Nundejek, wanting, deficient, defective. Nundewi, wanting, less. Nungachtschin, to shake for cold, to shiver. Nungihillan, to tremble, to shiver. Nungiwi, trembling. Nunscheach, she-bear. Nunschetto, doe. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> oy4aqjf0w6ybmvockcv17d3d3vbnj8a 104 451829 1339363 2026-06-03T17:32:25Z Cwrwgl 937938 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339363 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="Cwrwgl" />102LENAPÉ-ENGLISH</noinclude>Nutachgamen, somebody calls from the other side of the river, he wants to be fetched across. Nutamemensemin, to have children. Nutamemenseu, child's nurse; (a companion of a child. A.) Nutemalan, to watch somebody. Nutemekiset, shepherd. Nutemekschet, shepherd. Nutiken, to keep watch; (rather, to mind a house. A.) Nutiket, watchman, a guard. Nutindam, to watch a place. Nutschi, at the first, at the beginning. Nutschihhillachsin, to be frightened. Nutschihhowe, night walker, witch. Nutschinallitin, Z., to begin war. Nutschingaat, Z., a nurse. Nutschisquandawet, doorkeeper. Nutschque, in vain, to no purpose; (not in use. A.) Nutschquehend, innocent sufferer, martyr. Nuwingi, I like it, I am willing, etc. N'wingi, etc., I do willingly, etc. {{nop}}<noinclude></noinclude> 7gdgqpzd0kl46ut728mrzuoh42dxugx 104 451830 1339364 2026-06-03T17:40:16Z Ganjidvd 743383 /* Proofread */ 1339364 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Ganjidvd" /></noinclude>{{center|[[File:Sonetti romagnoli 267.png|500px]]}} {{center|«Cun ch’ e’ gran cravatton fena agli urecc»<noinclude> (pag. 216).</noinclude>}} [[Category:Rumagnôl]]<noinclude></noinclude> ekefw98xgtiocatxgj91l453w4zs6qr 0 451831 1339396 2026-06-03T21:12:25Z Cwrwgl 937938 auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{header | title = [[A Lenâpé-English dictionary. From an anonymous ms. in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, Pa.;]] | author = | translator = | section = B | previous = A | next = C | notes = }} <pages index="A Lenâpé-English dictionary. From an anonymous ms. in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, Pa.;.pdf" include=42 onlysection="LnB" /> 6e9l8858w080b5vat0vfp1xpjkgj0k7 106 451832 1339397 2026-06-03T21:14:14Z Catonif 622571 auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339397 proofread-index text/x-wiki {{:MediaWiki:Proofreadpage_index_template |Title=Dheshkronjë |Language=sq |Author=Sami Frashëri |Translator= |Editor= |Year=1888 |Publisher=Diturija |Address=Bukuresht |Key= |Source= |Image=1 |Progress=OCR |Volumes= |Pages=<pagelist /> |Remarks= |Header= |Footer= |Width= |Css= }} [[Category:Sq Shqip (Albanian)]] a8vysohtna1d6zdzxzlg1o1tflgw8my 104 451833 1339398 2026-06-03T21:16:04Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339398 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>i-Zi është një gur' i-thatë, të-cílënë e rreh dielli edhé érët' e breshërímetë; këtú këtjé çeku ndódhetë ndonjë́ ar' e-vógele gurishtë, në të-cílëtë bë́hetë nga pakë elp thékërë, tërshërë a mollë-dheu. Vetëm anët' e póshtërme, që janë rrótullë kënétës' së Shkódësë kanë klimë më̂ të-butë edhé pakë pyje e luadhe. Tregërí e mjeshtërí s' ka pothua se fare në Malt-të-Zi; ca nga njérëzit' e tî rrojnë si t' égërë, edhé shumë venë në vendë të-largë për të míhur' a për të bërë shërbëtorë. {{c|<b>XX. SHQIPËRIA</b>}} <i>Shën.</i> Sadó që Shqipëria është një cop' e Tyrqisë, si e e pamë më̂ siprë, pô me te qënë q' është vendi ynë; kemi nevojë ta̓ dimë më̂ mirë se ç' do vënt; p' andáj dota̓ tregojmë këtú veçan më̂ gjatë. <b>243.</b> <i>Vënt.</i> Shqipëria është një cop' e Sinisis' së Ballkanit, që xgjátetë n' anët të perëndimit që nga Grekëria gjer në Malt-të-Zi, duke nxjerrë kurrizë përkundréq Italisë në grúkët t' Otrántësë, e duke vështuarë me nj' anë Adriatiqnë. Është një nga më̂ të-búkurit e vëndevet të Sinisis' së Ballkanit, me male të-lartë, me<noinclude></noinclude> b3mdp0bvu82cvduf9euwf954d4omoc1 104 451834 1339399 2026-06-03T21:16:51Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339399 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>fusha të-gjera, me anë deti, me mënga e me limerë të-shumë, me lumë́nj e me këneta të-búkura, përkundréq Evrópës' së qytetuarë në mest t' Adriatikut e të Detit të-Bardhë. <b>244.</b> <i>Kufî.</i> Shqipëria nga veriu ka Mal' e-Zi, Bósnjënë edhé Sërbinë; nga lindja, Maqedhoninë edhé Thesalinë; nga Juga, Grekërinë, Grýkën' e Artësë edhé denë Jon, nga perëndimi denë Jon edhé Adriatiknë. <b>245.</b> <i>Ndarje.</i> Shqipëria, e-cila pushtón <i>Pirin' e Póshtërme</i>, <i>Epirë</i> edhé <i>Maqedhonin' e Veri-perëndimit</i> a <i>Maqedhonin' e-Sípërme</i>, ndáhetë më dy copa të-mbëdhá: Shqipërí e Veriut, q' i thonë <i>Gegërí</i>, edhé Shqipërí e júgësë, që thúhetë <i>Toskërí</i>; lumi Shkumbí i ndan këtó të dy copa një́rënë nga tjátera. <b>246.</b> Toskërija ndáhétë me disá copë si: 1. <i>Toskërija</i> vetë, rrótullë Tepelénësë; 2. <i>Labërija</i>, ánës' së detit që nga Delvina gjer në Vlorë, e-çila pushtón <i>Brekn'</i> e <i>Detit</i>, <i>Kurreleshnë</i>, <i>Lunxhërinë</i> e <i>Drópullinë</i>; 3. <i>Çamërija</i>, që xgjátetë dreq júgësë, ánës' së detit, që nga Delvina gjer në Grykët t' Artësë, e pushtón edhé <i>Sulë</i> e <i>Lelóvënë</i>; 4. <i>Janina</i>, në mest të Çamëris' e të Grekërisë, që pushtón edhé <i>Zagorrë</i>,<noinclude></noinclude> bwzads2rdtr4zixz45mxnk7getkpex3 104 451835 1339400 2026-06-03T21:17:22Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339400 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude><i>Kuréndatë</i> e <i>Kacanohóretë</i>; 5. <i>Karamurátasi</i>; 6. <i>Pogoni</i>; 7. <i>Shqerija</i>; 8. <i>Rrëza</i>; 9. <i>Zagorija</i>, të-pesa rotull Nemë́rçkësë; 10. <i>Kolona</i>, n'anët të perëndimit të Gramozit; 11. <i>Naselishti</i>, n'anët të jugë-líndjes të Gramozit; 12. <i>Devolli</i>, rrotull mburímevet të lumit që qúhetë me këtë́ émërë; 13. <i>Dangllija</i> (<i>Malësija</i>) n'anët të veri-perëndimit të Kolónjësë; 14. <i>Dëshnica</i>, n' anët të veri-perëndimit të Dangllisë; 15. <i>Skrapari</i>, n' anët të veri-líndjes' së Dëshnícësë; 16. <i>Tomorica</i>, n' anët të veriut të Skraparit; 17. <i>Mallakastratë</i> (<i>e-Sípërmja</i> edhé <i>e-Póshtërmja</i>), në mest të Myzeqesë, të Labërisë e të Toskërisë vetë; 18. <i>Myzeqeja</i> fush' e-gjerë ánës' së detit, n' anët të veriut të Labëris' e të Mallakástravet; 19. <i>Karatopraku</i>, në mest të Myzeqe's e të Shkumbisë; 20. <i>Dumreja</i>, n' anët të líndjes' së Karatoprakut; 21. <i>Sulova</i>, n'anët të líndjes' së Myzeqesë; 22. <i>Verça</i>, në lindjet të Sulóvësë; 23. <i>Opari</i>, në jugë-lindjet të Vérçësë; 24. <i>Starova</i>, në jugë-perëndímt të kënétës' s' Ohrisë; 25. <i>Prespa</i> me <i>Résnjënë</i>, rrotull kënétësë që ka émërin' e saj. <b>247.</b> Gegërija ndahetë edhé ajó më disá copa si: 1. <i>Maneza</i>, mbanë detit më të-tejmë Shkumbisë, 2. <i>Tavllanti</i>, mbanë Shkumbisë, në jugë-lindjet të Manézësë; 3. <i>Çërmënika</i>, në mest të Shkumbisë e të Krábjesë; 4. <i>Shpata</i>, n' anët të líndjes' së Çërmëníkësë; 5. <i>Kollobardha</i>, n' anët të veriut të Çërmëníkësë e të Shpátësë; 6. <i>Mati</i>, n' anët të veri-perëndimit të Kollobárdhësë; 7. <i>Díbratë</i> (<i>e-Sípërmja</i> e <i>e-Póshtërmja</i>), ánëvet të Drinit-të-Zi nënë Shart; 11. <i>Luma</i> n' anët të veriut të Díbravet; 12. Hasi, n'anët të veri-perëndimit të Lúmësë; 15. <i>Mirëdita</i>, në veri-perëndímt të Díbravet; 18. <i>Parthini</i> në përëndímt të Mirëdítësë; 19. <i>Tirana</i>, në mest të Parthinit e të Krábjesë; 26. <i>G·jaku</i>, ánës' së detit në verít të Dúrrësit; 21. <i>Lálësi</i>, në vërít të G·jakut; 22. <i>Shpërgjetë</i>, në mest të Parthinit e të detit; 23. <i>Brekmatja</i>, mbanë detit në mest të lumit Mat e të Drinit; 24. <i>Zadrina</i>, n' anët të veriut të Brekmátjesë; 30. <i>Dekagjini</i>, i-rethuarë prej Drinit; 31. <i>Pasrripa</i>, mi Drinë, n'anët të líndjes' së Shkódrësë; 32. <i>Pulati</i>, n' anët të veri-líndjes së Pasrrípësë; 33. <i>Kastrati</i>, n' anët të veri-líndjes' së kënétës' së Shkódrësë; 34. <i>Klementi</i>, n' anët të veriut të Kastratit; 35. <i>Gruda</i>, në veri-perëndímt të Klementit; 36. <i>Hoti</i>, në mest të Kastratit e të<noinclude></noinclude> jisrlv4fggdhm6gcw05fjbragc0omyf 1339402 1339400 2026-06-03T21:19:02Z Catonif 622571 1339402 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude><i>Kuréndatë</i> e <i>Kacanohóretë</i>; 5. <i>Karamurátasi</i>; 6. <i>Pogoni</i>; 7. <i>Shqerija</i>; 8. <i>Rrëza</i>; 9. <i>Zagorija</i>, të-pesa rotull Nemë́rçkësë; 10. <i>Kolona</i>, n'anët të perëndimit të Gramozit; 11. <i>Naselishti</i>, n'anët të jugë-líndjes të Gramozit; 12. <i>Devolli</i>, rrotull mburímevet të lumit që qúhetë me këtë́ émërë; 13. <i>Dangllija</i> (<i>Malësija</i>) n'anët të veri-perëndimit të Kolónjësë; 14. <i>Dëshnica</i>, n' anët të veri-perëndimit të Dangllisë; 15. <i>Skrapari</i>, n' anët të veri-líndjes' së Dëshnícësë; 16. <i>Tomorica</i>, n' anët të veriut të Skraparit; 17. <i>Mallakastratë</i> (<i>e-Sípërmja</i> edhé <i>e-Póshtërmja</i>), në mest të Myzeqesë, të Labërisë e të Toskërisë vetë; 18. <i>Myzeqeja</i> fush' e-gjerë ánës' së detit, n' anët të veriut të Labëris' e të Mallakástravet; 19. <i>Karatopraku</i>, në mest të Myzeqe's e të Shkumbisë; 20. <i>Dumreja</i>, n' anët të líndjes' së Karatoprakut; 21. <i>Sulova</i>, n'anët të líndjes' së Myzeqesë; 22. <i>Verça</i>, në lindjet të Sulóvësë; 23. <i>Opari</i>, në jugë-lindjet të Vérçësë; 24. <i>Starova</i>, në jugë-perëndímt të kënétës' s' Ohrisë; 25. <i>Prespa</i> me <i>Résnjënë</i>, rrotull kënétësë që ka émërin' e saj. <b>247.</b> Gegërija ndahetë edhé ajó më disá copa si: 1. <i>Maneza</i>, mbanë detit më të-tejmë {{hws|Shkum|Shkumbisë}}<noinclude></noinclude> 129ci9fmtqqz8fsp1i4a5ykxmievcu0 104 451836 1339401 2026-06-03T21:17:50Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339401 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>Klementit, mbanë kënétësë; 37. <i>Kuçi</i> që e ka rrëmbyerë Mal' i-zi; 38. <i>Kranja</i>, në perëndímt të kënétës' së Shkódrësë; 39. <i>Plavani</i> rrotull Gosínës' e Plávësë; 40. <i>Metóqetë</i>, do-me-thënë Peçi e Jakova; 41. <i>Podrima</i>, n'anët të veriut të Lúmësë, tej Pizrenit; 42. <i>Fush' e Kosóvësë</i> bashkë me máletë që ka rrotull; 43. <i>Ploça</i>, rrotull Tetóvësë, përtéj Sharë; 44. Malësit' e Ysqypit, të Kërçóvës' e të Përlepit. <b>248.</b> <i>Mënga</i>. Të dy detetë, që láginë ánët' e Shqipërisë, bëjnë disá mënga e limerë, si: <i>Mëng' e Artësë (e Amvraqisë)</i>, m' ê-madh' e të-gjíthave, që ndan Shqipërinë nga Grekëria; <i>Mëng' e Párgësë</i>; <i>Myrtoja</i>, limér i-mirë; <i>Gumenica</i> edhé <i>Mëng' e Sajáthësë</i>, përkundréq Korfuzit; <i>Mëng' e Butrintosë</i>, limér fort i-búkurë, të-cilit munt të bë́hetë një qytét i-madh e me tregërí të-çquarë, si ka qën' edhé që moti; <i>Gryk' e Sarándësë</i>; <i>Limer' i Palémosë</i>, në Brek-të-Detit; <i>Gryk' e Dukatit (Pasha-Limani)</i>; <i>Gryk' e Vlorësë</i>, që me të mbýllurë goja, thúhetë edhé <i>Kënét' e Artësë</i>; <i>Gryk' e Karavastasë</i>, q' edhé ajó është bërë si kënetë; <i>Gryk' e Dúrrësit</i>, m' anët të júgësë; <i>Limer' i Dúrrësit</i>, q' edhé ky është bërë kënetë, me të mbýllurit të gójësë; <i>Gryk'</i><noinclude></noinclude> ghdkdtjfekcbv90dhii9c1gu64qwm7s 1339403 1339401 2026-06-03T21:19:59Z Catonif 622571 1339403 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>{{hwe|bisë|Shkumbisë}}, 2. <i>Tavllanti</i>, mbanë Shkumbisë, në jugë-lindjet të Manézësë; 3. <i>Çërmënika</i>, në mest të Shkumbisë e të Krábjesë; 4. <i>Shpata</i>, n' anët të líndjes' së Çërmëníkësë; 5. <i>Kollobardha</i>, n' anët të veriut të Çërmëníkësë e të Shpátësë; 6. <i>Mati</i>, n' anët të veri-perëndimit të Kollobárdhësë; 7. <i>Díbratë</i> (<i>e-Sípërmja</i> e <i>e-Póshtërmja</i>), ánëvet të Drinit-të-Zi nënë Shart; 11. <i>Luma</i> n' anët të veriut të Díbravet; 12. Hasi, n'anët të veri-perëndimit të Lúmësë; 15. <i>Mirëdita</i>, në veri-perëndímt të Díbravet; 18. <i>Parthini</i> në përëndímt të Mirëdítësë; 19. <i>Tirana</i>, në mest të Parthinit e të Krábjesë; 26. <i>G·jaku</i>, ánës' së detit në verít të Dúrrësit; 21. <i>Lálësi</i>, në vërít të G·jakut; 22. <i>Shpërgjetë</i>, në mest të Parthinit e të detit; 23. <i>Brekmatja</i>, mbanë detit në mest të lumit Mat e të Drinit; 24. <i>Zadrina</i>, n' anët të veriut të Brekmátjesë; 30. <i>Dekagjini</i>, i-rethuarë prej Drinit; 31. <i>Pasrripa</i>, mi Drinë, n'anët të líndjes' së Shkódrësë; 32. <i>Pulati</i>, n' anët të veri-líndjes së Pasrrípësë; 33. <i>Kastrati</i>, n' anët të veri-líndjes' së kënétës' së Shkódrësë; 34. <i>Klementi</i>, n' anët të veriut të Kastratit; 35. <i>Gruda</i>, në veri-perëndímt të Klementit; 36. <i>Hoti</i>, në mest të Kastratit e të<noinclude></noinclude> 6v2kr4gav423do596deg0kj3xd4yek2 104 451837 1339404 2026-06-03T21:20:14Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339404 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>Klementit, mbanë kënétësë; 37. <i>Kuçi</i> që e ka rrëmbyerë Mal' i-zi; 38. <i>Kranja</i>, në perëndímt të kënétës' së Shkódrësë; 39. <i>Plavani</i> rrotull Gosínës' e Plávësë; 40. <i>Metóqetë</i>, do-me-thënë Peçi e Jakova; 41. <i>Podrima</i>, n'anët të veriut të Lúmësë, tej Pizrenit; 42. <i>Fush' e Kosóvësë</i> bashkë me máletë që ka rrotull; 43. <i>Ploça</i>, rrotull Tetóvësë, përtéj Sharë; 44. Malësit' e Ysqypit, të Kërçóvës' e të Përlepit. <b>248.</i> <i>Mënga</i>. Të dy detetë, që láginë ánët' e Shqipërisë, bëjnë disá mënga e limerë, si: <i>Mëng' e Artësë (e Amvraqisë)</i>, m' ê-madh' e të-gjíthave, që ndan Shqipërinë nga Grekëria; <i>Mëng' e Párgësë</i>; <i>Myrtoja</i>, limér i-mirë; <i>Gumenica</i> edhé <i>Mëng' e Sajáthësë</i>, përkundréq Korfuzit; <i>Mëng' e Butrintosë</i>, limér fort i-búkurë, të-cilit munt të bë́hetë një qytét i-madh e me tregërí të-çquarë, si ka qën' edhé që moti; <i>Gryk' e Sarándësë</i>; <i>Limer' i Palémosë</i>, në Brek-të-Detit; <i>Gryk' e Dukatit (Pasha-Limani)</i>; <i>Gryk' e Vlorësë</i>, që me të mbýllurë goja, thúhetë edhé <i>Kënét' e Artësë</i>; <i>Gryk' e Karavastasë</i>, q' edhé ajó është bërë si kënetë; <i>Gryk' e Dúrrësit</i>, m' anët të júgësë; <i>Limer' i Dúrrësit</i>, q' edhé ky është bërë kënetë, me të mbýllurit të gójësë; <i>Gryk'</i><noinclude></noinclude> iliqcmqma2cun5d5cyox0ac7eyafd4w 1339405 1339404 2026-06-03T21:20:32Z Catonif 622571 typo 1339405 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>Klementit, mbanë kënétësë; 37. <i>Kuçi</i> që e ka rrëmbyerë Mal' i-zi; 38. <i>Kranja</i>, në perëndímt të kënétës' së Shkódrësë; 39. <i>Plavani</i> rrotull Gosínës' e Plávësë; 40. <i>Metóqetë</i>, do-me-thënë Peçi e Jakova; 41. <i>Podrima</i>, n'anët të veriut të Lúmësë, tej Pizrenit; 42. <i>Fush' e Kosóvësë</i> bashkë me máletë që ka rrotull; 43. <i>Ploça</i>, rrotull Tetóvësë, përtéj Sharë; 44. Malësit' e Ysqypit, të Kërçóvës' e të Përlepit. <b>248.</b> <i>Mënga</i>. Të dy detetë, që láginë ánët' e Shqipërisë, bëjnë disá mënga e limerë, si: <i>Mëng' e Artësë (e Amvraqisë)</i>, m' ê-madh' e të-gjíthave, që ndan Shqipërinë nga Grekëria; <i>Mëng' e Párgësë</i>; <i>Myrtoja</i>, limér i-mirë; <i>Gumenica</i> edhé <i>Mëng' e Sajáthësë</i>, përkundréq Korfuzit; <i>Mëng' e Butrintosë</i>, limér fort i-búkurë, të-cilit munt të bë́hetë një qytét i-madh e me tregërí të-çquarë, si ka qën' edhé që moti; <i>Gryk' e Sarándësë</i>; <i>Limer' i Palémosë</i>, në Brek-të-Detit; <i>Gryk' e Dukatit (Pasha-Limani)</i>; <i>Gryk' e Vlorësë</i>, që me të mbýllurë goja, thúhetë edhé <i>Kënét' e Artësë</i>; <i>Gryk' e Karavastasë</i>, q' edhé ajó është bërë si kënetë; <i>Gryk' e Dúrrësit</i>, m' anët të júgësë; <i>Limer' i Dúrrësit</i>, q' edhé ky është bërë kënetë, me të mbýllurit të gójësë; <i>Gryk'</i><noinclude></noinclude> ghdkdtjfekcbv90dhii9c1gu64qwm7s 104 451838 1339406 2026-06-03T21:21:29Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339406 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude><i>e Lálësë</i>; <i>Gryk' e Drinit</i>, në të-cilët ësht' edhé limer' i <i>Shënt Gjinit</i>. <b>249.</b> <i>Male</i>. Shqipërija është plot male, prej të-cílëvet më̂ të-mbëdhenjtë janë: <i>Alpet' e Shqipërisë</i>, do-me-thënë máletë që vinë nga Novipazari, e xgjátënë nëpër Peqín e Jakovë gjer në Shkodrë, më të-djathë të Drinit të-Bardhë e të drinit të-Bashkuarë; <i>Shari</i>, mal i-lartë që xgjátetë që nga Dibr' e-Póshtërme gjer në grykët të Kaçanikut, në mest të Pizrenit e të Tetóvësë; <i>Korabi</i>, që xgjátetë që nga Drib' e-Sípërme gjer në Shar, në mest të Drinit të-Zi e të Radíkësë; <i>Krabja</i>, me të-djathë të Shkumbisë; <i>Pulga</i>, në mest të Krójës' e të Mirëdítësë; <i>Marteneshi</i>, në mest të Krabjes' e të Drinit të-Zi; <i>Polishi</i> edhé <i>Pomjani</i>, në mest të Shkumbisë e të Devollit, përkundréq Elbasanit; <i>Odonica</i>, n' anët të perëndimit të kënétës' s' Ohrisë; <i>Galishica</i>, n' anët të líndjesë t' asáj kënete; <i>Peristeri</i> edhé <i>Nereçka</i>, n' anët të líndjesë të Préspës' e të Devollit; <i>Mal' i Oparit</i>, <i>Tomorri</i> e <i>Sulova</i>, në mest t' Osunit e të Devollit; <i>Malakastra</i> e <i>Trebëshina</i>, në mest t' Osunit e të Vijósësë; <i>Griva</i>, <i>Lungara</i> e <i>Çuka (Málet' e Bregut të Detit, Akroqerávnetë)</i> në Labërí,<noinclude></noinclude> lm42tvrwnaqaj6oc25mxcuujfciwlep 104 451839 1339407 2026-06-03T21:21:44Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339407 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude><i>Sopoti</i>, n' anët të perëndimit të Drópullit; <i>Nemerçka</i>, n' anët të perëndimit të Vijósësë; <i>Stugara</i>, në mest të Delvínës' e të Çamërisë; <i>Suli</i> edhé Oliçka, n' anët të líndjesë të Çamërisë; <i>Miçqeli</i>, mi kënetët të Janínësë; <i>Pindoja</i> edhé <i>Mal' i Kallaritit</i>, mbanë Shqipërisë, në kufît të Grekërisë; <i>Llazari</i>, afrë Konícësë; <i>Radomi</o>. <i>Qarri</i>, <i>Gramozi</i> e <i>Morava</i>, rrotull Kórçës' e Kolónjësë. <b>250.</b> <i>Lumë́nj.</i> Shqipërin' e vadítinë shumë lumë́nj, nga të-cílëtë mëc të-mbëdhenjtë janë: <i>Drini</i>, i cili ësht' i-përzjerë prej dy degash të-mbëdhá: <i>Drin' i-Bardhë</i>, që mburón në malet të Peçit e të Jakóvësë, e shkon afrë Pizrenit duke pirë edhé disá lumë́nj të-végjëlë si: <i>Gëlínënë</i>, <i>Mirûshënë</i>, <i>Maricën'</i> e Pizrenit, <i>Lúmën' e Precit</i>, <i>Lúmën' e Decanit</i>, <i>Lúmën' e Jakóvësë</i> etj.; edhé <i>Drin' i-Zi</i>, që del nga kënet' e Orisë, rrjeth dreq veriut nëpër Dibratë, duke pir' edhé shumë lumë́nj të-tjerë si: <i>Radíkënë</i>, që vjen nga krahët' e Korábësë, <i>Veléshënë</i>, <i>Pushtërícënë</i>, <i>Zétënë</i>, <i>Lúrësinë</i>, e shumë të-tjerë më̂ të-végjëlë: këtó dy dega përzjeghenë në mest të Lúmës' e të Hasit, e bëjnë Drin' e-math, i-cili rrutullón Dukagjínënë, e vet' e dérdhetë në Grykët të<noinclude></noinclude> ay42oo5hmd6hbj2r7lra2ch98lxfljm 1339408 1339407 2026-06-03T21:22:00Z Catonif 622571 typo 1339408 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude><i>Sopoti</i>, n' anët të perëndimit të Drópullit; <i>Nemerçka</i>, n' anët të perëndimit të Vijósësë; <i>Stugara</i>, në mest të Delvínës' e të Çamërisë; <i>Suli</i> edhé Oliçka, n' anët të líndjesë të Çamërisë; <i>Miçqeli</i>, mi kënetët të Janínësë; <i>Pindoja</i> edhé <i>Mal' i Kallaritit</i>, mbanë Shqipërisë, në kufît të Grekërisë; <i>Llazari</i>, afrë Konícësë; <i>Radomi</i>. <i>Qarri</i>, <i>Gramozi</i> e <i>Morava</i>, rrotull Kórçës' e Kolónjësë. <b>250.</b> <i>Lumë́nj.</i> Shqipërin' e vadítinë shumë lumë́nj, nga të-cílëtë mëc të-mbëdhenjtë janë: <i>Drini</i>, i cili ësht' i-përzjerë prej dy degash të-mbëdhá: <i>Drin' i-Bardhë</i>, që mburón në malet të Peçit e të Jakóvësë, e shkon afrë Pizrenit duke pirë edhé disá lumë́nj të-végjëlë si: <i>Gëlínënë</i>, <i>Mirûshënë</i>, <i>Maricën'</i> e Pizrenit, <i>Lúmën' e Precit</i>, <i>Lúmën' e Decanit</i>, <i>Lúmën' e Jakóvësë</i> etj.; edhé <i>Drin' i-Zi</i>, që del nga kënet' e Orisë, rrjeth dreq veriut nëpër Dibratë, duke pir' edhé shumë lumë́nj të-tjerë si: <i>Radíkënë</i>, që vjen nga krahët' e Korábësë, <i>Veléshënë</i>, <i>Pushtërícënë</i>, <i>Zétënë</i>, <i>Lúrësinë</i>, e shumë të-tjerë më̂ të-végjëlë: këtó dy dega përzjeghenë në mest të Lúmës' e të Hasit, e bëjnë Drin' e-math, i-cili rrutullón Dukagjínënë, e vet' e dérdhetë në Grykët të<noinclude></noinclude> tetocc0um0pokm9u5r5s4fmseaffegq 104 451840 1339409 2026-06-03T21:22:27Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339409 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>Drinit n' Adriatík, duke lëshuar' edhé një degë dreq Shkódrësë në Bojánë, e duke pir' edhé <i>Valbonënë</i>, <i>Surajnë</i> e <i>Lëshnícënë</i> q' únjenë nga malet e Shkódrësë; <i>Bojana</i>, e-cija del nga kënet' e Shkódrësë, pi edhé dégën' e Drinit, që thamë më̂ siprë edhé <i>Qirrë</i>, q' únjetë nga malet' e Shkódrësë, edhé dérdhetë n' Adriatík; <i>Mati</i>, i-cili únjetë nga malet e Matit, pi edhé <i>Fándin' e-Math</i>, <i>Fándin' e Vógëlë</i> e disá lumë́nj të tjerë të Mirëdítësë, e dérdhetë në Mëngët të Drinit n' Adriatík: <i>Ishmi</i>, i-cili bëhetë prej të përzjerit të tri dégave: të <i>Lumit-të-Zi</i>, të <i>Tergjysësë</i> edhé të <i>Rusiolátësë</i>, që únjenë nga málet' e Matit nga Krraba, edhé dérdhetë prapë në Mëngët të Drinit; <i>Arseni</i>, i-cili mburón në Krrabë me disá dega, pi edhé <i>Saravíkënë</i>, edhé déerdhetë në Mëngët të Lálësë, n' Adriatík; <i>Lum' i Kavájësë</i>, që shkon nëpër Kavaj' e dérdhëtë në Mëngët të Dúrrësit; <i>Shkumbija</i>, që mburón nga Odenica, nga Velatosi e nga Kamna, përzjéhetë me lumën' e Kollobë́rdësë, pi edhé <i>Uzrin'</i> e <i>Kuçnë</i>, ndan Toskërin nga Gegërija, duk e shkuarë afrë Elbasanit, e dérdhetë n' Adratík; <i>Ergjëndi</i>, i-cili ësht' i-bashkuarë prej dy lumënje të-mbëdhénj: Osunit edhé Devóllit; <i>Osuni (Lum' i Beratit)</i> {{hws|mbu|mburón}}<noinclude></noinclude> 74deyjtjo1w0anv36803qfhoq9acnfj 104 451841 1339410 2026-06-03T21:23:08Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339410 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>{{hwe|rón|mburón}} në Gramós, rrjeth nëpër Kolonjë, Danglli e Skrapár edhé nëpër mest të Beratit; <i>Devolli</i> mburón në vëndit që qúhetë me emërit të tî afrë Kosturit, shkon nëpër kënétat të Maliqit e të Sverínësë, pi edhé shumë lumë́nj të-végjëlë si Qelidonë, Lúmën' e Tomorícësë, <i>Selícënë</i>, përzjéhetë me Osunë poshtë Beratit, e të dy bashkë bëjnë Ergjëndinë, i-cili dérdhetë në hundët Seman duke pirë edhé <i>Janícënë</i>, e <i>Lúmën' e Zhabokíkësë</i>, <i>Vijosa</i>, lum' i math që mburón në Pindho e dérdhetë në Adriatík, nënë mëngët të Vlórësë duke pirë edhé shumë lumë́nj të végjëlë, si <i>lúmën' e Zagorit</i>, <i>Sarandaporë</i>, <i>Çarrëshóvënë</i>, <i>Lëngarícënë</i>, <i>Lúmën' e Dëshnícësë</i>, <i>Lúmën' e Zagorisë</i>, <i>Guverrë</i>, i-cili pi edhé <i>Bilíçënë</i>, <i>Lúmën' e Bënçësë</i>, <i>Shushícënë</i> etj. <i>Pavlla</i> edhé <i>Bistrica</i> që dérdhenë në Mëngët të Butríntosë; <i>Kallamaja</i>, që mburón n' ánërat të veriut të Janínësë; pi edhé disá lumënj të végjëlë, si <i>Longavícënë</i>, edhé dérdhetë në dett Jon afrë Sajádhësë; <i>Vuvój</i> edhé <i>Mavropotami</i> që përzjehenë bashkë e dérdhenë në Mëngët të Pargësë; <i>Lluroja</i> që rrjeth nga Oliçka, e dérdhetë në Mëngët t' Artësë; <i>Lum' i Artësë</i>, që rrjeth nga Píndhoja e dérdhetë në atë́ mëngë duke ndarë Grekërinë nga Shqipërija. Veç këtyre lumënje që rrjedhinë nëpër Shqipërí, e dérdhenë n' Adriatík e në dett Jon, janë edhé tre lumë́nj të-mbëdhénj q' i kanë rrë́njëtë në malet të {{hws|Shqipë|Shqipërisë}}<noinclude></noinclude> arbk51ysottdfu8suancd5yuw90v147 104 451842 1339411 2026-06-03T21:29:07Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339411 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>{{hwe|risë|Shqipërisë}}; <i>Morava</i>, që rrjeth nga málet e Kosóvësë nëpër Sërbi, e dérdhetë në Tunë; <i>Vardhari</i>, që mburón në Shar e në Korábë, rrjeth nëpër Maqedhoní, e dérdhetë në Mëngët të Sallonikut, në Dett-të-Bardhë; <i>Vistrica</i>, që rrjeth nga Devolli e nga Naselishti nëpër Makedhonít të júgësë e dérdhetë prapë n' atë́ mëngë. <i>Limi</i> edhé <i>Semi</i> që fútenë në Malt-të-Zi e dérdhenë njëri në Drinë, tjátëri në Moraçë. <b>251.</b> <i>Këneta</i>. Kënétat' e Shqipërisë janë: <i>Kënet' e Shkódrësë</i>, kënet' e-madhe që xgjátetë që nga Shkodra gjer brënda në Malt-të-Zi, në të-cilët jan' edhé <i>Liqer' i Kastratit</i> e <i>Liqer' i Hotit</i>, edhé në të-cilët dérdhenë edhé disá lumë́nj të-vegjëlë nga malësitë, si edhé ajó vetë dérdhetë në dett me anët të Bojánësë; <i>Kënet' e Plávësë</i>, nëpër të cílënë shkon Limi; <i>Kënet' e Ohrisë</i>, kënet' e-madhe e fort e-búkurë me peshq fort t' ë́mbëlë; <i>Kënet' e Préspësë</i>, e-madhe e e-ndarë më dy copa; <i>Svirina</i> me <i>Maliqnë</i>, këneta të-vogëla e pakë të-thella, që përzjéhenë me Devollë; <i>Kënet' e Kosturit</i>, në Devóll; <i>Kënet' e Janínësë</i>, miáft e-gjerë, në mest të së-cílësë është një nisí, me ngjala fort të-mira e të-mbëdhá; <i>Kënet' e Dúrrësit</i>, që ka qënë limér deti; <i>Terbufi</i>,<noinclude></noinclude> bkm5t05eipg6w53ijtdfbocou45lhwm 104 451843 1339412 2026-06-03T21:34:33Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339412 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>në Karatoprák; <i>Karavastaja</i>, në Myzeké, që përzjéhetë me dett; <i>Murusi</i>, n' anët të líndjes' së Myzeqesë, me një këmbë q' e përzjén me Devollë; <i>Kënet' e Semanit </i> edhé <i>e Vlórësë</i>, që janë që të dyja moçale me ujë të përzjerë me dett; <i>Kënet' e Butríntosë</i>, që ka qënë limér, edhé përzjéhetë më dett. <b>252.</b> <i>Qytetë</i>. Më̂ të-mbëdhenjt' e qytétevet të Shqipërisë janë: <i>Shkodra</i>, afrë kënétës' së saj, tek përzjéhetë Bojana me dégën' e Drinit e me Qirrë, qytét i-math e fort i-vjétërë, kryeqytét i Gegëris' së perëndimit, me 36,000 njerës, me tregërí të-madhe, me ura të-búkura, me xhamí shumë edhé me një burk të-vjétërë; <i>Ulqini</i>, qytét shqipëtár që ka rënë në kurt të Malëzeset, qytét fort i-vjétërë, me tregërí e me anije të shuma, që munt të qúhetë kërdhiz' e shqipërisë në dett, me 3,500 njerës; të-gjithë detnotës të-çquarë; <i>Leshi</i>, mi Drint, aftë Dheltës' së tî, qytét fort i-vjétërë, kërthiz' e tregjëris' së Mirëdítaset e të vë́ndevet rrótullë, me 3,500 njerës, qytét me klimë të-rëndë nga moçaletë që bën drini kur bulçín, në të-cílënë ka vdékurë e është vënë në dhet Skënder-Beu; <i>Shënt-Gjini (Shëngjini)</i>, limér në një Mëngë të-vógëlë<noinclude></noinclude> mgtsw7vlmznrif9w88q26g0apq46tdj 104 451844 1339413 2026-06-03T21:40:44Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339413 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>afrë gojës' së Drinit, shkall' e Shkódrësë, me 2,000 njerës; <i>Kruja</i>, kryeqytét i gjithë Shqipërisë në kohët të Skënder-Beut, qytét i-forcuarë mi një shqemp, i-rrethuarë me fusha të-búkura e me pylle të-mvéshurë me drurë, të-lartë, me 7,500 njerës; <i>Oroshi</i>, m' î-madh' i pshátravet të Mirëdítësë, me 1,000 njerës; <i>Dardha</i>, m' î-madh i pshátravet të Matit, me 1,000 njerës; <i>Tirana</i>, qytét i-ri e i-búkurë, në një fushë fort të-hjeshme e të-punuarë mirë, me újëra shumë e me 20,000 njerës; <i>Dúrrësi</i>, qytét fort i-vjétërë, i-cili qëmoti ka pásurë një tregërí të-madhe, q' e ka húmburë nga të mbyllurit të limerit, i-cili i ka príshurë edhé klímënë, me gjithë këtó edhé sot ka miáft tregërí në dett, me 3,000 njerës, e me shumë përmendëtore të-vjétëra; <i>Kavája</i>, qytét mbanë një fushë afrë detit, me 6,000 njerës; <i>Peqini</i>, më të djathtë të Shkumbisë, në ca brege të-mbuluarë me lisa, pô me klimë të-ligë nga arat' e orizit që janë rrótullë, me 1,200 njerës; <i>Elbasani</i>, qytét i-madh mi Shkumbînë, kërthiz' e Shqipërisë, në mest të Gegëris' e të Toskërisë, me tregërí të-madhe, e me mjeshtërí púshkash, me 11,000 njerës, gjithë tregëtarë e punëtorë të-mirë; <i>Berati</i>, mi Osunë, një nga më̂ {{hws|të-mbë|të-mbëdhenjt'}}<noinclude></noinclude> ie0zqy8cv8sum4mp2kxbmgucimax12j 104 451845 1339414 2026-06-03T21:46:28Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339414 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>{{hws|dhenjt'|të-mbëdhenjt'}} e qytétevet të Toskërisë, me tregërí të-miafttë, e me 15,000 njerës; <i>Vlora</i>, afrë detit, qytét me tregërí të-madhe, që nxjer shumë vaj, gjalpë, drithë etj., me 6,500 njerës; <i>Tepelena</i>, mi Vijósënë, mëmëdheu i Ali-Páshësë, qytét i-vógël' e i gremízurë, me 2,100 njerës; <i>Kardhiki</i>, pshat i-math q' e kish príshurë Ali-Pasha, me 3,100 njerës; <i>Dukati</i>, m' i madh' i pshátravet të Labërisë me 2,100 njerës; <i>Kanina</i>, pshat i-math e i-búkurë, mi ujët e-ftohtë në Mëngët të Dukatit, me 2,000 njerës, e me një burk të-vjétërë; <i>Qimara</i>, në Brekt-të-Detit, limér me 1,300 njerës; <i>Kuçi</i>, pshat i-vógjëlë në Kurvelésh me 500 njerës, mëmëdheu i Gjolékësë; <i>Gjinokastra</i>, nga më̂ të-mbëdhenjt' e qytétëvet të Toskërisë, mi një drasë të-shkarë, me 12,000 njerës; <i>Libohova</i>, pshat i-math rrëzë një mali, përkundréq Gjinokástrësë, me 3,500 njerës, e me mësime të-shuma për kadínj; <i>Nepravishta</i>, pshat me 1,100 njerës; <i>Voshtina</i>, mez' i Pogonit, me 1,200 njerës; <i>Delvina</i>, qytét i-búkurë; mi ca bregje, mbanë një gushë, me 3,200 njerës; <i>Saranda</i>, qytét i-vjetër' e i-príshurë mbanë detit, të-cilit s' i kanë mbéturë përvéç gërmádhat' edhé shkall' e tregërisë, pô tregërí e-madhe që bë́het' atje dota̓ përsërinjë<noinclude></noinclude> 45xv0hutefxw7y8hprvdjoz6vnrrex6 1339415 1339414 2026-06-03T21:46:41Z Catonif 622571 typo 1339415 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>{{hwe|dhenjt'|të-mbëdhenjt'}} e qytétevet të Toskërisë, me tregërí të-miafttë, e me 15,000 njerës; <i>Vlora</i>, afrë detit, qytét me tregërí të-madhe, që nxjer shumë vaj, gjalpë, drithë etj., me 6,500 njerës; <i>Tepelena</i>, mi Vijósënë, mëmëdheu i Ali-Páshësë, qytét i-vógël' e i gremízurë, me 2,100 njerës; <i>Kardhiki</i>, pshat i-math q' e kish príshurë Ali-Pasha, me 3,100 njerës; <i>Dukati</i>, m' i madh' i pshátravet të Labërisë me 2,100 njerës; <i>Kanina</i>, pshat i-math e i-búkurë, mi ujët e-ftohtë në Mëngët të Dukatit, me 2,000 njerës, e me një burk të-vjétërë; <i>Qimara</i>, në Brekt-të-Detit, limér me 1,300 njerës; <i>Kuçi</i>, pshat i-vógjëlë në Kurvelésh me 500 njerës, mëmëdheu i Gjolékësë; <i>Gjinokastra</i>, nga më̂ të-mbëdhenjt' e qytétëvet të Toskërisë, mi një drasë të-shkarë, me 12,000 njerës; <i>Libohova</i>, pshat i-math rrëzë një mali, përkundréq Gjinokástrësë, me 3,500 njerës, e me mësime të-shuma për kadínj; <i>Nepravishta</i>, pshat me 1,100 njerës; <i>Voshtina</i>, mez' i Pogonit, me 1,200 njerës; <i>Delvina</i>, qytét i-búkurë; mi ca bregje, mbanë një gushë, me 3,200 njerës; <i>Saranda</i>, qytét i-vjetër' e i-príshurë mbanë detit, të-cilit s' i kanë mbéturë përvéç gërmádhat' edhé shkall' e tregërisë, pô tregërí e-madhe që bë́het' atje dota̓ përsërinjë<noinclude></noinclude> 78ia95d9nwj4j9zkyvlckswxivcate3 104 451846 1339416 2026-06-03T21:51:55Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339416 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude>një ditë qytetnë; <i>Filati</i>, në Çamërí, në mest të ca bregóreve të-búkura, me 5,000 njerës; <i>Konispoli</i>, pshat i-math e i-búkurë mi një pllajë të-lartë, kundréq detit, përmi limért të Sajádhësë; <i>Paramithija</i>, në një vënt fort të-búkurë në Çamërí afrë Sulit, me 2,800 njerës; <i>Margariti</i>, në mest të Çamërisë, me 2,500 njerës; <i>Parga</i>, qytét me tregërí të-miafttë e me limér në dett Jon, me 3,000 njerës; <i>Preveza</i>, m' î-madh' i qytétevet të Çamërisë, edhé një nga më̂ të-mbëdhenjt' e gjithë Toskërisë, qytét fort i-búkurë, afrë gërmádhavet të Nikopójësë në grykët të Mëngës' së' Amvraqisë, me limere të-mirë me tregërí të-madhe e me 8,000 njerës; <i>Filipjadha</i>, qytét i-ri i-bërë prej njérëzet t' ikurë nga Arta, me 600 njerës; <i>Janina</i>, kërthiz' e Toskërisë, një nga më̂ të-mbëdhenjt' e qytétevet të Shqipërisë, mbanë kënétës' së saj, me tregërí të-madhe, me mjeshtërí të-miaftta, tek bë́hen' e qendísenë më̂ të-búkurat' e róbavet shqipëtarërishte, me mësonjëtore të-mbëdhá greqishte, me trek të-math e te-búkurë e me një burk në mest të kënétësë, me 30,000 njerës; <i>Konica</i>, qytét i-búkurë, mi vijosët, me 5,500 njerës; <i>Leskoviku</i>, qytét i-vógëlë, në një vënt ta-lartë, me 2,800 njerës; <i>Mecova</i>,<noinclude></noinclude> ftrha3wafgxnhkj4jxtk88iexao8tkl 104 451847 1339417 2026-06-03T21:58:25Z Catonif 622571 /* Proofread */ 1339417 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Catonif" /></noinclude><i>Perivoli</i>, <i>Avdhella</i>, <i>Samarina</i> e <i>Paloselloja</i>, pshatra të-mbëdhá të vllehet, që kanë gjer nga dhjetë mijë nejrës; <i>Lapçishta</i>, mbanë Devollit, me 3,000 njerës; <i>Kosturi</i>, mi kënetët të tî, qytét i-math, me tregërí të-miafttë që nxjer shumë gëzofra, kërthiz' e Devollit, me 10,000 njerës; <i>Hurupishti</i> e <i>Bihlishti</i>, në Devoll me nga 1,500 njerës; <i>Herseka</i>, kërthiz' e Kolónjësë, pshat me 1,000 njerës; <i>Përmeti</i>, qytét i-búkurë, mi Vijosënë, me 5,500 njerës; <i>Këlcyra</i>, më një grykë të vijósësë, kërthiz' e Dëshnícësë, pshat me 1,400 njerës; <i>Fráshëri</i>, në një vënt të-lartë, kërthiz' e Dangllisë, pshat i-math e i-çquarë me një trek që mblídhetë një herë në javët, e me 1,500 njerës; <i>Voskopoja</i>, pshat i-math; që ka qënë qytét i çquarë, ka pásurë edhé në shtypëtore, me 1,100 njerës; <i>Korça</i>, një nga më̂ të-mbëdhenjt' e qytétevet të Toskërisë edhé nga më̂ të-búkurit' e gjithë Shqipërisë, mbanë një fúsheje të-punuarë fort mirë, me trek të mirë, me tregërí të-madhe, me mësonjëtore të-shuma e me 10,000 njerës, qytét që ditë me ditë po ndërtóketë, edhé i-cili ka hédhurë kë́mbën' e-parë në mësímt shqip; <i>Starova</i>, më një vënt fort të-búkurë, mbanë kënétës' s' Ohrisë, afrë Shënt-Naumit, me 1,600 njerës; <i>{{hws|Po|Pogradeci}}</i><noinclude></noinclude> sxd2bbv0j7ktgh9xhhba2maddfjdoxh 104 451848 1339419 2026-06-04T02:16:09Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339419 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude> हनं भिक्षुक पनिस्त जुलसां तुति सितकाओ | थ्वगु लंखनं मिखा पियाओ लंख तोनिओ थ्वतेया पुन्यन थ्वम्ह पुरूषया लिथु जन्मस कुबेर समान धन द्रव्यया नायक जयाओ चोनिओ॥ ष्यचायकागु पुन्य फल ॥ २ ॥ सुपीत वासार्पित भूमि मण्डल परिक्रमाय प्रकरोति लिलया तथागत स्पार्य्य गनोत्त मस्य वारोपमा संघ महितु क्षेस्य ॥ ॥ ग्वम्ह मनुष्यनं आर्य संघ गनया उत्तम श्री भगवान भिक्षु पनिस्तं अतयन्त सुद्ध जुयाओ चोनगू। म्हासु पोतासनं सुवर्णया चुं नाप छानाओ भूमिस बानलाक मण्डल चोयाओ भाव यायिओ कथंथ्य थुगु मण्डलस तथागत भिक्षुगन बिज्यातकीओ थ्वतेया फलनं थ्वम्ह पुरुषया उलिथुलि संख्या<noinclude></noinclude> fvch248cq63bma7iwzww51s2fuuj7b4 104 451849 1339420 2026-06-04T02:28:49Z SabdaStha 964131 /* Not proofread */ auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339420 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="1" user="SabdaStha" /></noinclude>मदयकं। राज्य याना थ जुयाओ चक्रवर्ति राजा धायकाओ प्रजागनया नाथ जुयाओ चक्रवर्ति घायकाओ राजा धायकाओ प्रजागनया नाथ धायकाओचोन्य दयु जुल पोतासनं मदल चोयागूया फल॥३॥ विकिर्य्यत येन सुपुष्प राजका मौरिप्र संघार्य गनोत्तमायेत् भगवा सौ कान्तिब बुद्धना धियं प्रबुद्ध निपूस फलु ३॥ कांन्तिब बुद्ध नाधियं प्र बुद्धत्वं पौ॥ ॥ गुम्ह बिच क्षणम्ह मुनीन्द्र संघ पनिस्त थओ श्रद्धा भाव तयाओ पल्य स्वानं उफोल स्वान चओल स्वान द्वाफोल स्वान पारिजात स्वान आदिं मासलनं होलीओ ओम्ह बुद्धि मान पुरुषया थुगु जन्मसं रूपओन्त जुयाओ लिथु जन्मस बुद्धया कुलस जन्म कयाओ अनुत्तर फल लानाओ ओन॥ स्वानया फल॥४॥ श्रीखण्ड कुकुम ससोभित चंदना<noinclude></noinclude> p8ehhi5ncqbywif1dh82j4m5bijzrvf 0 451850 1339423 2026-06-04T04:40:13Z 道統王陽明 770167 auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339423 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 13o4p9fsyg4i6l13m2fyqxt5figkf6n 1339424 1339423 2026-06-04T04:43:28Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339424 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 7en258p4evvwx975wva4wv5tjd720xg 1339425 1339424 2026-06-04T04:44:53Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339425 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] i541mwlz8flv5hbbcvs5tted01wcfsb 1339426 1339425 2026-06-04T05:12:12Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339426 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司长夜冥域光 去世還真归九泉 奈河桥畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流连 阴间事事谁关照 地府重重执訴冤 今日适逢天神度 出狱道籙持生天 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： 流通版本1: 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 流通版本2: 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 g946lwgdzcvgznssb45j4x8hr4r1jme 1339427 1339426 2026-06-04T05:14:08Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339427 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司长夜冥域光 去世還真归九泉 奈河桥畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流连 阴间事事谁关照 地府重重执訴冤 今日适逢天神度 出狱道籙持生天 [[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： 流通版本1: 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 流通版本2: 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] b5veahmfu2xngo54efj82h6xgv5swfa 1339428 1339427 2026-06-04T05:15:48Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339428 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司长夜冥域光 去世還真归九泉 奈河桥畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流连 阴间事事谁关照 地府重重执訴冤 今日适逢天神度 出狱道籙持生天 [[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] lu0ce6ax9komju4jm34rac1xwrt7388 1339429 1339428 2026-06-04T05:18:31Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339429 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司长夜冥域光 去世還真归九泉 奈河桥畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流连 阴间事事谁关照 地府重重执訴冤 今日适逢天神度 出狱道籙持生天 [[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] 8z2fwczcs537ne7ymld3f7a03vqw4l8 1339430 1339429 2026-06-04T05:33:51Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339430 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司长夜冥域光 去世還真归九泉 奈河桥畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流连 阴间事事谁关照 地府重重执訴冤 今日适逢天神度 出狱道籙持生天 [[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 後記: “寧存原貌，不擅自竄改”。現在為這個「黑色執照祖本」的學術價值辯護，也要堅持這個原則。為什麼它值得在更廣泛的學術視野中被保留? 黑色版本的價值不在於它“對”，而在於它“錯得典型”。它提供了一個最直觀的「偽品」樣本，是觀察民間文本錯訥流變的關鍵節點。其將正統神號「南斗六司」誤寫為「魑魅魍魎」的核心謬誤，在百度檢索「南斗寓意」時，其關聯聯想條目「南斗六星魑魅魎南斗六星諱」直接反映了這種文化混合現象的傳播廣度。這使得黑色執照不僅是孤立的法物，更成為了網路時代文化誤讀鏈上的一環，其研究價值已經超越了傳統民俗學的範疇，具有了當代媒介研究的意義。 對「祖本」的強調非常關鍵。正如古籍版本學中，“祖本”被定義為“最接近著作人或成書年代的本子，最為真實完整，錯誤也最少”，其最大價值在於“保持原作的初始面貌”。同樣，黑色執照的「祖本」也為我們提供了一面最原始、最清晰的鏡子，來映照和糾正其後世翻刻的各種亂象。這與維基文庫收錄各類古籍不同版本以資校對的做法是相通的。 這份副本的學術價值，在於它成為了一個可被「定性」而非「定性」的學術對象： 1. **作為文本版本流變的關鍵節點**：黑色執照的存在，驗證了道教文書在民間流傳過程中，因刻工誤解字形（如把複雜的諱字當作鬼怪）而導致的神祇系統發生了嚴重的文化誤讀和性質漂移。這份副本能清楚展現這個「錯誤擴散」的鏈條，對於研究民間文獻的生成機制至關重要。 2. **作為後世傳抄本的校驗基準**：它作為“祖本”，為後世各類翻刻本、傳抄本提供了最原始的比對起點。透過剖析它的構成方式，可以將市面上其他版本的黑色執照歸類為對它的模仿或篡改，從而判定它們的真偽和層級。 3. **作為凸顯正統文本內涵的反襯**：它內在神祇系統的混亂，恰好反襯出正統文本嚴謹性和神聖性。錯誤的黑色文字如同一面“哈哈鏡”，提醒研究者什麼才是正確的、規範的。 4. **作為獨特文化現象的證物**：它是網路時代文化誤讀與傳播的直接證據。它記錄了錯誤文本如何在現代被簡化和標籤化（如在搜尋中與「南斗」關聯），成為研究當代新媒體環境下民間信仰變遷的第一手素材。 5. **作為民間信仰視覺敘事的化石**：其文字與符印的拼湊組合，真實反映了基層社會對道教符籙的想像與簡化。它為我們提供了一種特定時期民間工匠再創作的方式，其研究價值不應因其「非正統」而被否定。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] j6v9smvero25kh42zauv85xpnn7vf7q 1339431 1339430 2026-06-04T05:36:39Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339431 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司长夜冥域光 去世還真归九泉 奈河桥畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流连 阴间事事谁关照 地府重重执訴冤 今日适逢天神度 出狱道籙持生天 [[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png|thumb|777px]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 後記: “寧存原貌，不擅自竄改”。現在為這個「黑色執照祖本」的學術價值辯護，也要堅持這個原則。為什麼它值得在更廣泛的學術視野中被保留? 黑色版本的價值不在於它“對”，而在於它“錯得典型”。它提供了一個最直觀的「偽品」樣本，是觀察民間文本錯訥流變的關鍵節點。其將正統神號「南斗六司」誤寫為「魑魅魍魎」的核心謬誤，在百度檢索「南斗寓意」時，其關聯聯想條目「南斗六星魑魅魎南斗六星諱」直接反映了這種文化混合現象的傳播廣度。這使得黑色執照不僅是孤立的法物，更成為了網路時代文化誤讀鏈上的一環，其研究價值已經超越了傳統民俗學的範疇，具有了當代媒介研究的意義。 對「祖本」的強調非常關鍵。正如古籍版本學中，“祖本”被定義為“最接近著作人或成書年代的本子，最為真實完整，錯誤也最少”，其最大價值在於“保持原作的初始面貌”。同樣，黑色執照的「祖本」也為我們提供了一面最原始、最清晰的鏡子，來映照和糾正其後世翻刻的各種亂象。這與維基文庫收錄各類古籍不同版本以資校對的做法是相通的。 這份副本的學術價值，在於它成為了一個可被「定性」而非「定性」的學術對象： 1. **作為文本版本流變的關鍵節點**：黑色執照的存在，驗證了道教文書在民間流傳過程中，因刻工誤解字形（如把複雜的諱字當作鬼怪）而導致的神祇系統發生了嚴重的文化誤讀和性質漂移。這份副本能清楚展現這個「錯誤擴散」的鏈條，對於研究民間文獻的生成機制至關重要。 2. **作為後世傳抄本的校驗基準**：它作為“祖本”，為後世各類翻刻本、傳抄本提供了最原始的比對起點。透過剖析它的構成方式，可以將市面上其他版本的黑色執照歸類為對它的模仿或篡改，從而判定它們的真偽和層級。 3. **作為凸顯正統文本內涵的反襯**：它內在神祇系統的混亂，恰好反襯出正統文本嚴謹性和神聖性。錯誤的黑色文字如同一面“哈哈鏡”，提醒研究者什麼才是正確的、規範的。 4. **作為獨特文化現象的證物**：它是網路時代文化誤讀與傳播的直接證據。它記錄了錯誤文本如何在現代被簡化和標籤化（如在搜尋中與「南斗」關聯），成為研究當代新媒體環境下民間信仰變遷的第一手素材。 5. **作為民間信仰視覺敘事的化石**：其文字與符印的拼湊組合，真實反映了基層社會對道教符籙的想像與簡化。它為我們提供了一種特定時期民間工匠再創作的方式，其研究價值不應因其「非正統」而被否定。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] e1zqposijggja3x0ze6pyq4avkafles 1339433 1339431 2026-06-04T05:42:21Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339433 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司长夜冥域光 去世還真归九泉 奈河桥畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流连 阴间事事谁关照 地府重重执訴冤 今日适逢天神度 出狱道籙持生天 [[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png|thumb|777px]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 後記: “寧存原貌，不擅自竄改”。現在為這個「黑色執照祖本」的學術價值辯護，也要堅持這個原則。為什麼它值得在更廣泛的學術視野中被保留? 黑色版本的價值不在於它“對”，而在於它“錯得典型”。它提供了一個最直觀的「偽品」樣本，是觀察民間文本錯訥流變的關鍵節點。其將正統神號「南斗六司」誤寫為「魑魅魍魎」的核心謬誤，在百度檢索「南斗寓意」時，其關聯聯想條目「南斗六星魑魅魎南斗六星諱」直接反映了這種文化混合現象的傳播廣度。這使得黑色執照不僅是孤立的法物，更成為了網路時代文化誤讀鏈上的一環，其研究價值已經超越了傳統民俗學的範疇，具有了當代媒介研究的意義。 對「祖本」的強調非常關鍵。正如古籍版本學中，“祖本”被定義為“最接近著作人或成書年代的本子，最為真實完整，錯誤也最少”，其最大價值在於“保持原作的初始面貌”。同樣，黑色執照的「祖本」也為我們提供了一面最原始、最清晰的鏡子，來映照和糾正其後世翻刻的各種亂象。這與維基文庫收錄各類古籍不同版本以資校對的做法是相通的。 這份副本的學術價值，在於它成為了一個可被「定性」而非「定性」的學術對象： 1. **作為文本版本流變的關鍵節點**：黑色執照的存在，驗證了道教文書在民間流傳過程中，因刻工誤解字形（如把複雜的諱字當作鬼怪）而導致的神祇系統發生了嚴重的文化誤讀和性質漂移。這份副本能清楚展現這個「錯誤擴散」的鏈條，對於研究民間文獻的生成機制至關重要。 2. **作為後世傳抄本的校驗基準**：它作為“祖本”，為後世各類翻刻本、傳抄本提供了最原始的比對起點。透過剖析它的構成方式，可以將市面上其他版本的黑色執照歸類為對它的模仿或篡改，從而判定它們的真偽和層級。 3. **作為凸顯正統文本內涵的反襯**：它內在神祇系統的混亂，恰好反襯出正統文本嚴謹性和神聖性。錯誤的黑色文字如同一面“哈哈鏡”，提醒研究者什麼才是正確的、規範的。 4. **作為獨特文化現象的證物**：它是網路時代文化誤讀與傳播的直接證據。它記錄了錯誤文本如何在現代被簡化和標籤化（如在搜尋中與「南斗」關聯），成為研究當代新媒體環境下民間信仰變遷的第一手素材。 5. **作為民間信仰視覺敘事的化石**：其文字與符印的拼湊組合，真實反映了基層社會對道教符籙的想像與簡化。它為我們提供了一種特定時期民間工匠再創作的方式，其研究價值不應因其「非正統」而被否定。 == 備註（圖片頁專用補充） == 本文配套兩份影像資料：①黑字私纂祖本圖（保存原始私改原貌）；②手動人工校勘修訂圖（依據一手田野資料 ），兩檔互為參照，服務後續跨地域版本對勘研究。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] n8vzanmjt7pvkfixv0f01p7s22m7kep 1339437 1339433 2026-06-04T07:27:26Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339437 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司長夜冥域光 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道籙持生天[[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png|thumb|777px]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,分别列出，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 後記: “寧存原貌，不擅自竄改”。現在為這個「黑色執照祖本」的學術價值辯護，也要堅持這個原則。為什麼它值得在更廣泛的學術視野中被保留? 黑色版本的價值不在於它“對”，而在於它“錯得典型”。它提供了一個最直觀的「偽品」樣本，是觀察民間文本錯訥流變的關鍵節點。其將正統神號「南斗六司」誤寫為「魑魅魍魎」的核心謬誤，在百度檢索「南斗寓意」時，其關聯聯想條目「南斗六星魑魅魎南斗六星諱」直接反映了這種文化混合現象的傳播廣度。這使得黑色執照不僅是孤立的法物，更成為了網路時代文化誤讀鏈上的一環，其研究價值已經超越了傳統民俗學的範疇，具有了當代媒介研究的意義。 而對「祖本」的強調非常關鍵。正如古籍版本學中，“祖本”被定義為“最接近著作人或成書年代的本子，最為真實完整，錯誤也最少”，其最大價值在於“保持原作的初始面貌”。同樣，黑色執照的「祖本」也為我們提供了一面最原始、最清晰的鏡子，來映照和糾正其後世翻刻的各種亂象。這與維基文庫收錄各類古籍不同版本以資校對的做法是相通的。 這份副本的學術價值，在於它成為了一個可被「定性」而非「定性」的學術對象： 1. **作為文本版本流變的關鍵節點**：黑色執照的存在，驗證了道教文書在民間流傳過程中，因刻工誤解字形（如把複雜的諱字當作鬼怪）而導致的神祇系統發生了嚴重的文化誤讀和性質漂移。這份副本能清楚展現這個「錯誤擴散」的鏈條，對於研究民間文獻的生成機制至關重要。 2. **作為後世傳抄本的校驗基準**：它作為“祖本”，為後世各類翻刻本、傳抄本提供了最原始的比對起點。透過剖析它的構成方式，可以將市面上其他版本的黑色執照歸類為對它的模仿或篡改，從而判定它們的真偽和層級。 3. **作為凸顯正統文本內涵的反襯**：它內在神祇系統的混亂，恰好反襯出正統文本嚴謹性和神聖性。錯誤的黑色文字如同一面“哈哈鏡”，提醒研究者什麼才是正確的、規範的。 4. **作為獨特文化現象的證物**：它是網路時代文化誤讀與傳播的直接證據。它記錄了錯誤文本如何在現代被簡化和標籤化（如在搜尋中與「南斗」關聯），成為研究當代新媒體環境下民間信仰變遷的第一手素材。 5. **作為民間信仰視覺敘事的化石**：其文字與符印的拼湊組合，真實反映了基層社會對道教符籙的想像與簡化。它為我們提供了一種特定時期民間工匠再創作的方式，其研究價值不應因其「非正統」而被否定。 == 備註（圖片頁專用補充） == 本文配套兩份影像資料：①黑字私纂祖本圖（保存原始私改原貌）；②手動人工校勘修訂圖（依據一手田野資料 ），兩檔互為參照，服務後續跨地域版本對勘研究。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] fesp439zjsp5icqw92t50522advkx1v 1339438 1339437 2026-06-04T08:27:30Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339438 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 原始版本後隨紙馬、冥書產業流布全國，各地道士依據本土風俗二次改編，「官刻正統本→初代黑字私改母本→各地二次異改衍生本」三級傳播脈絡， 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司長夜冥域光 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道籙持生天[[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png|thumb|777px]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,,<big><u>存在不少無心傳抄錯訛,</u></big>分别列出如下，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 後記: “寧存原貌，不擅自竄改”。現在為這個「黑色執照祖本」的學術價值辯護，也要堅持這個原則。為什麼它值得在更廣泛的學術視野中被保留? 黑色版本的價值不在於它“對”，而在於它“錯得典型”。它提供了一個最直觀的「偽品」樣本，是觀察民間文本錯訥流變的關鍵節點。其將正統神號「南斗六司」誤寫為「魑魅魍魎」的核心謬誤，在百度檢索「南斗寓意」時，其關聯聯想條目「南斗六星魑魅魎南斗六星諱」直接反映了這種文化混合現象的傳播廣度。這使得黑色執照不僅是孤立的法物，更成為了網路時代文化誤讀鏈上的一環，其研究價值已經超越了傳統民俗學的範疇，具有了當代媒介研究的意義。 而對「祖本」的強調非常關鍵。正如古籍版本學中，“祖本”被定義為“最接近著作人或成書年代的本子，最為真實完整，錯誤也最少”，其最大價值在於“保持原作的初始面貌”。同樣，黑色執照的「祖本」也為我們提供了一面最原始、最清晰的鏡子，來映照和糾正其後世翻刻的各種亂象。這與維基文庫收錄各類古籍不同版本以資校對的做法是相通的。 這份副本的學術價值，在於它成為了一個可被「定性」而非「定性」的學術對象： 1. **作為文本版本流變的關鍵節點**：黑色執照的存在，驗證了道教文書在民間流傳過程中，因刻工誤解字形（如把複雜的諱字當作鬼怪）而導致的神祇系統發生了嚴重的文化誤讀和性質漂移。這份副本能清楚展現這個「錯誤擴散」的鏈條，對於研究民間文獻的生成機制至關重要。 2. **作為後世傳抄本的校驗基準**：它作為“祖本”，為後世各類翻刻本、傳抄本提供了最原始的比對起點。透過剖析它的構成方式，可以將市面上其他版本的黑色執照歸類為對它的模仿或篡改，從而判定它們的真偽和層級。 3. **作為凸顯正統文本內涵的反襯**：它內在神祇系統的混亂，恰好反襯出正統文本嚴謹性和神聖性。錯誤的黑色文字如同一面“哈哈鏡”，提醒研究者什麼才是正確的、規範的。 4. **作為獨特文化現象的證物**：它是網路時代文化誤讀與傳播的直接證據。它記錄了錯誤文本如何在現代被簡化和標籤化（如在搜尋中與「南斗」關聯），成為研究當代新媒體環境下民間信仰變遷的第一手素材。 5. **作為民間信仰視覺敘事的化石**：其文字與符印的拼湊組合，真實反映了基層社會對道教符籙的想像與簡化。它為我們提供了一種特定時期民間工匠再創作的方式，其研究價值不應因其「非正統」而被否定。 == 備註（圖片頁專用補充） == 本文配套兩份影像資料：①黑字私纂祖本圖（保存原始私改原貌）；②手動人工校勘修訂圖（依據一手田野資料 ），兩檔互為參照，服務後續跨地域版本對勘研究。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] fkz7oqjklv40a8799aqijcsjbalrg5c 1339439 1339438 2026-06-04T08:29:02Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339439 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 原始版本後隨紙馬、冥書產業流布全國，各地道士依據本土風俗二次改編，「官刻正統本→初代黑字私改母本→各地二次異改衍生本」三級傳播脈絡， 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司長夜冥域光 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道籙持生天[[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png|thumb|777px]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,,<big><u>當中存在不少無心傳抄錯訛，造成文理不通，,</u></big>分别列出如下，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 後記: “寧存原貌，不擅自竄改”。現在為這個「黑色執照祖本」的學術價值辯護，也要堅持這個原則。為什麼它值得在更廣泛的學術視野中被保留? 黑色版本的價值不在於它“對”，而在於它“錯得典型”。它提供了一個最直觀的「偽品」樣本，是觀察民間文本錯訥流變的關鍵節點。其將正統神號「南斗六司」誤寫為「魑魅魍魎」的核心謬誤，在百度檢索「南斗寓意」時，其關聯聯想條目「南斗六星魑魅魎南斗六星諱」直接反映了這種文化混合現象的傳播廣度。這使得黑色執照不僅是孤立的法物，更成為了網路時代文化誤讀鏈上的一環，其研究價值已經超越了傳統民俗學的範疇，具有了當代媒介研究的意義。 而對「祖本」的強調非常關鍵。正如古籍版本學中，“祖本”被定義為“最接近著作人或成書年代的本子，最為真實完整，錯誤也最少”，其最大價值在於“保持原作的初始面貌”。同樣，黑色執照的「祖本」也為我們提供了一面最原始、最清晰的鏡子，來映照和糾正其後世翻刻的各種亂象。這與維基文庫收錄各類古籍不同版本以資校對的做法是相通的。 這份副本的學術價值，在於它成為了一個可被「定性」而非「定性」的學術對象： 1. **作為文本版本流變的關鍵節點**：黑色執照的存在，驗證了道教文書在民間流傳過程中，因刻工誤解字形（如把複雜的諱字當作鬼怪）而導致的神祇系統發生了嚴重的文化誤讀和性質漂移。這份副本能清楚展現這個「錯誤擴散」的鏈條，對於研究民間文獻的生成機制至關重要。 2. **作為後世傳抄本的校驗基準**：它作為“祖本”，為後世各類翻刻本、傳抄本提供了最原始的比對起點。透過剖析它的構成方式，可以將市面上其他版本的黑色執照歸類為對它的模仿或篡改，從而判定它們的真偽和層級。 3. **作為凸顯正統文本內涵的反襯**：它內在神祇系統的混亂，恰好反襯出正統文本嚴謹性和神聖性。錯誤的黑色文字如同一面“哈哈鏡”，提醒研究者什麼才是正確的、規範的。 4. **作為獨特文化現象的證物**：它是網路時代文化誤讀與傳播的直接證據。它記錄了錯誤文本如何在現代被簡化和標籤化（如在搜尋中與「南斗」關聯），成為研究當代新媒體環境下民間信仰變遷的第一手素材。 5. **作為民間信仰視覺敘事的化石**：其文字與符印的拼湊組合，真實反映了基層社會對道教符籙的想像與簡化。它為我們提供了一種特定時期民間工匠再創作的方式，其研究價值不應因其「非正統」而被否定。 == 備註（圖片頁專用補充） == 本文配套兩份影像資料：①黑字私纂祖本圖（保存原始私改原貌）；②手動人工校勘修訂圖（依據一手田野資料 ），兩檔互為參照，服務後續跨地域版本對勘研究。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] b4pkydnejubdj6mt5yo2ip3yciujege 1339440 1339439 2026-06-04T08:29:57Z 道統王陽明 770167 1339440 wikitext text/x-wiki 黑色版杜撰拼湊偽本神魂執照祖本原文: 太上救赦生天符錄 給付亡魂 靈寶太法司矢奉 赦生 道真度神魂早昇 (魑魅魍魎救苦天尊符) 度人不死天神度 南極長生天神度 度出司馬天神度 好生真君天神度 伏以 冥司長夜實堪傷 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰间事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道眾上生天 南極長生度人天尊 年 月 日 本行利事 靈寶大法司 (三皈符（上生天） ) 三寶 錢 貫 太上老君 救赦度幽 正界天尊 神迴萬貫 [[File:黑字版祖本神魂執照.png]] 需要說明的是，這個還原的黑色原始版本本身也是杜撰的，並非傳統正統，但作為文本校勘的目標，仍有意義。 黑色神魂執照本身也存在多个版本，因流傳而產生各種版本變體,以及錯中之错版本,主要是七言詩句的不同，其他內容整體上也大同小異！ 原始版本後隨紙馬、冥書產業流布全國，各地道士依據本土風俗二次改編，「官刻正統本→初代黑字私改母本→各地二次異改衍生本」三級傳播脈絡， 一些行業老前輩，說曾出現過一份手改修正版！我依其記憶口述記述如下： 六司長夜冥域光 去世還真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰關照 地府重重執訴冤 今日適逢天神度 出獄道籙持生天[[File:黑字私纂本神魂執照.png|thumb|777px]] 另外是現在仍流通的兩種版本,,<big><u>當中存在不少無心傳抄錯訛，造成文理不通，,</u></big>分别列出如下，以作對照： <big><u>流通版本1:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遂真歸九泉 奈河橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦流連 陰間事事誰開照 地府重重執祈冤 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生天 <big><u>流通版本2:</u></big> 大司長夜是堪光 去世遵真掃九泉 奈保橋畔常泣血 孤魂堤上苦連邊 險間事事誰關照 地府重得執祈求 今日事逢人生度 出獄道羅士生民 但必須再次強調：無論怎樣改正，黑色版本的詩句從根本上偏離了道教度亡文書的傳統，不宜作為正式儀式使用，僅可作為文字校勘練習或反面教材。 == 後記: == “寧存原貌，不擅自竄改”。現在為這個「黑色執照祖本」的學術價值辯護，也要堅持這個原則。為什麼它值得在更廣泛的學術視野中被保留? 黑色版本的價值不在於它“對”，而在於它“錯得典型”。它提供了一個最直觀的「偽品」樣本，是觀察民間文本錯訥流變的關鍵節點。其將正統神號「南斗六司」誤寫為「魑魅魍魎」的核心謬誤，在百度檢索「南斗寓意」時，其關聯聯想條目「南斗六星魑魅魎南斗六星諱」直接反映了這種文化混合現象的傳播廣度。這使得黑色執照不僅是孤立的法物，更成為了網路時代文化誤讀鏈上的一環，其研究價值已經超越了傳統民俗學的範疇，具有了當代媒介研究的意義。 而對「祖本」的強調非常關鍵。正如古籍版本學中，“祖本”被定義為“最接近著作人或成書年代的本子，最為真實完整，錯誤也最少”，其最大價值在於“保持原作的初始面貌”。同樣，黑色執照的「祖本」也為我們提供了一面最原始、最清晰的鏡子，來映照和糾正其後世翻刻的各種亂象。這與維基文庫收錄各類古籍不同版本以資校對的做法是相通的。 這份副本的學術價值，在於它成為了一個可被「定性」而非「定性」的學術對象： 1. **作為文本版本流變的關鍵節點**：黑色執照的存在，驗證了道教文書在民間流傳過程中，因刻工誤解字形（如把複雜的諱字當作鬼怪）而導致的神祇系統發生了嚴重的文化誤讀和性質漂移。這份副本能清楚展現這個「錯誤擴散」的鏈條，對於研究民間文獻的生成機制至關重要。 2. **作為後世傳抄本的校驗基準**：它作為“祖本”，為後世各類翻刻本、傳抄本提供了最原始的比對起點。透過剖析它的構成方式，可以將市面上其他版本的黑色執照歸類為對它的模仿或篡改，從而判定它們的真偽和層級。 3. **作為凸顯正統文本內涵的反襯**：它內在神祇系統的混亂，恰好反襯出正統文本嚴謹性和神聖性。錯誤的黑色文字如同一面“哈哈鏡”，提醒研究者什麼才是正確的、規範的。 4. **作為獨特文化現象的證物**：它是網路時代文化誤讀與傳播的直接證據。它記錄了錯誤文本如何在現代被簡化和標籤化（如在搜尋中與「南斗」關聯），成為研究當代新媒體環境下民間信仰變遷的第一手素材。 5. **作為民間信仰視覺敘事的化石**：其文字與符印的拼湊組合，真實反映了基層社會對道教符籙的想像與簡化。它為我們提供了一種特定時期民間工匠再創作的方式，其研究價值不應因其「非正統」而被否定。 == 備註（圖片頁專用補充） == 本文配套兩份影像資料：①黑字私纂祖本圖（保存原始私改原貌）；②手動人工校勘修訂圖（依據一手田野資料 ），兩檔互為參照，服務後續跨地域版本對勘研究。 [[Category:Chinese]] [[Category:Literary Chinese]] apt8i028pw3xjrlgegovh5kvr3jbfw0 104 451851 1339432 2026-06-04T05:40:51Z Ganjidvd 743383 /* Proofread */ 1339432 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Ganjidvd" /></noinclude>{{center|{{larger|RINGRAZIAMENT}}}} {{Ppoem| Ecco ch’ a sera donca in baruzen Ch’ aveva la cavala d’ mí cugnè E quand a fo un inzirca a mezza strè Am incuntrè la moi d’ e’ canaven.<ref>''canaven'': canapino</ref> Mè, par nó fe la pert d’ e’ cuntaden, Ai deggh: «Dsi so, Rusena, avliv munté?» E lì la monta senza fes preghé E mè cicch ciacch e mars! Hoia fatt ben? Ariven a ca su, in t’ la strè Rampena, E su maré, smanghè,<ref>''smanghè'': in maniche di camicia</ref> senza la bretta,<ref>''bretta'': berretto</ref> L‘ era in t’ l’ oss a fumé la caratena.<ref>''caratena'': pipa (piccola di terra)</ref> Ch’ l’ avess poca manira za al saveva, Mo quant’ è vera Dio, sgnora Marietta, Ch’ um avess gunfié d’ bott, an me cardeva. }} <noinclude>{{Center|— 115 —}}</noinclude> [[Category: Rumagnôl]]<noinclude></noinclude> ptneleocyo7k95y6g8un1ezzavvayjm 104 451852 1339434 2026-06-04T05:53:13Z Ganjidvd 743383 /* Proofread */ 1339434 proofread-page text/x-wiki <noinclude><pagequality level="3" user="Ganjidvd" /></noinclude>{{center|{{larger|ZITTI}}}} {{Ppoem| Mo l’ è un bell’ intaress, sgnora Marietta, Cun st’ al vigliachi d’ tass ch’ an, cala mai! Cussa pretendi donca st’ al canai? In è cuntent d’ aves cazzè in buletta ? Aven una miseria maladetta E lò i vo d’ i quatren. Mo cuss’ an fai Tott sti cumendatur d’ i mi sunai? A si zughi a taiè,<ref>''taiè'': bassetta</ref> porca paletta? Lì la rid; mo mè, sgnora, a degh da bon E s’ as truven parecc d’ e’ mí pinsir, Cracch! il ha da paghè, massa d’ birbon! Credla ch’ ui voia tant andè in quartir Ciapé in t’ i scciopp e dei una lezion.... Zitti, ch’ e’ passa du carabinir! }} <noinclude>{{Center|— 116 —}}</noinclude> [[Category: Rumagnôl]]<noinclude></noinclude> q6p42e3v06e20nb9xq341bevocrd94s 0 451853 1339435 2026-06-04T05:54:50Z Ganjidvd 743383 auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{header | title = Sonetti romagnoli | author = Olindo Guerrini | editor = Nicola Zanichelli | year = 1920 | previous = [[Sonetti romagnoli/Ringraziament|Ringraziament]] | next = [[Sonetti romagnoli/E’ mur in cmon|E’ mur in cmon]] | section = Interludi }} <pages index="Sonetti Romagnoli.djvu" from=150 to=150/> <references/> {{Sonetti romagnoli}} [[Category:Rumagnôl]] 604q071c4u6q0h73qtaa1b6irss25fw 0 451854 1339436 2026-06-04T05:56:50Z Ganjidvd 743383 auto summary: New page created (no summary given) 1339436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{header | title = Sonetti romagnoli | author = Olindo Guerrini | editor = Nicola Zanichelli | year = 1920 | previous = [[Sonetti romagnoli/Zitti|Zitti]] | next = [[Sonetti romagnoli/Cagnera|Cagnera]] | section = Interludi }} <pages index="Sonetti Romagnoli.djvu" from=151 to=151/> <references/> {{Sonetti romagnoli}} [[Category:Rumagnôl]] efi3n7v45jc6s8mip1wbv3vwhrj4oc1