Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4827 297504 297361 2026-05-17T02:30:14Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref>https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490</Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05".||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |16".=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<S'!>[[Yemen]]<s'!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |22".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23"_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25_.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s'!> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |26"_.||[[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|191px]]<S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |12".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19."'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<!>[[Yemen]]<!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|191px]]<S>[[Bakistaan]]<s'>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 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t54cunhgztldl5ocx7sed1p9c3yhtab 0 8958 297519 261247 2026-05-17T05:20:19Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleymaan khaan koowaad bin saliim khaan koowaad''' ([[Af-Turki]] ''Sultan Süleyman I'':) oo ku magac dheer '''suleymaan qaanuuni,''' waxa uu ahaa suldaanka 10aad ee [[Dawlada Cosmaniya|Dawladda Cosmaniya]], wuxuu ahaa kan ugu waqtiga dheeraa boqorada dawlada wuxuu xilka haayay 46 sano, sidoo kale khaliifka islaamka ayuu ahaa, waxaa looga yaqaan ree galbeedka agtood ('''The Great Suleyman)=''' suleymaankii weynaa, {| class="infobox" align="right" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: left;" |- {{#if:|{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" {{!}} [[File:|200px|]]<br />{{{caption|}}}}} | colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; text-align: center;" | '''suleymaan qaanuuni'''<br /> سليمان القانوني <br /> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #c1cdc1; text-align: center;" |[[ suldaanka 10aad ee cusmaaniyiinta]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #c1cdc1; text-align: center;" |[[ skhaliifka islaamka]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |mudada xukunkiisa |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[1520]] ilaa , [[1566]] |- !Xil kaga horeeyay: |[[saliim koowaad]]. |- !Xil kaga danbeeyay |[[saliim labaad]]. |- !Dhashay: |[[1494]] |- !Ku dhashay: | [[daraabazon ]] |- !Diintiisa: |[[Islaam]] |- !Dhalasho: |[[Dawlada Cosmaniya|dawlada cosmaniya]] |- !aabihiis |saliim koowaad |- !hooyadiis | caaisha xafsa suldaan |- ! colspan="2" |xaaska |} mudada dheer ee uu xilka haayay dawladu waxay gaartay dhul balaarsigeedi ugu fogaa, ayadoo kulmisay sedex qaaradood [[afrika]],[[aasiya]] iyo [[yurub]], wuxuu dagaalo ku qabsaday [[Hungary|hangari]], [[Belgaraad|balgrad]] iyo jaziirada [[rodos]], wuxuu hareereeyay [[Fiyena|fiyeena]] labo jeer oo dhufeesyadeed uu dhaafi waayay, dagaalo uu la galay safawiyiinta wuxuu ku qabsaday badanaa [[Bariga Dhexe|bariga dhex]], waxaa dawlada ku soo darsamay badanaa [[Waqooyiga Afrika|waqooyiga afrika]] sida [[aljeeriya]] iyo [[Libiya|liibiya]] iyo wadamo badan oo ka dhaca [[Bariga Afrika|bariga afrika]] sida [[soomaaliya]], [[jabuuti]] iyo [[Eratareya|iratariya]]. si guud xiligiisa waxaa lagu tiriyaa xiligii dahabiga ee dawlada, waxay aad uga hormartay dawlada dhanka maamulka, [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], fanka iyo dhimasha [[File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg|thumbnail|Suldaan Süleymaan]] =Aftirsigiisa= Waa '''suleymaan koowaad ina [[saliim koowaad]] ina [[bayazid labaad]] ina [[Maxamed Al-faatex|muxamad alfaatix]] ina [[muraad labaad]] ina [[muxamad koowaad]] ina [[bayazid koowaad]] ina [[muraad koowaad]] [[orkhan]] ina [[cusmaan gaazi]]''' =Horaantiisa= Wuxuu ku dhashey Sulayman Al-qanuuni magaladad [[daraabazoon]] 6dii [[nofeembar]] 1494 <ref>Clot, 25.</ref> xiligaa oo uu aabihii [[Saliim koowaad|saliim]] ka talinayey magaladaa, hooyadiina waa caaisha xafsa khaatuun, wuxuuna aabihiisa u barbaariyey si wanaagsan isaga oo culuum kala duwan baray kan Diiniga iyo maadigaba, hogaaminta iyo maamulka. Wuxuu soo qabtay xilalka magaalooyinka [[maniisiya]], [[Fiyudoosiya|kafa]] iyo [[Edirne|adirna]] oo mudo gaaban haayay <ref>Clot, 28.</ref><ref name="point">{{استشهاد ويب|مسار=http://www.noqta.info/page-30955-ar.html|عنوان=السلطان العثناني أسطورة تعيد مجدها عبر الزمان|ناشر=موقع نقطة|تاريخ الوصول=14 November 2017|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202132/http://www.noqta.info/page-30955-ar.html|</ref> markuu dhintay aabihiis [[Saliim koowaad|saliim]] 1520kii waxaa loo caleemo saaray inuu noqdo boqorka cusub ee [[Dawlada Cosmaniya|cusmaaniyiinta]] Xilka, wuxuu qabtay asagoo jira 26 sano mana ahayn qof ku deg-dega wuxuu qabanayo ee wuxuu ahaa qof u fekera oo go’aan markuu qaatana aan ka noqonin. =kacdoomadii uu wajahay= Sanadahii ugu horeeyey ee xiligii sulaymaan Al-qaanuuni wuxuu wajahay afar kacdoon oo ka mashquuliyey dhaqdhaqaaqii jihaadka. kuwaas oo gudoomiyaashii qayb ka mid ah ay moodeen in heleen fursad ay kaga go’ikaraan dowlada Wiilka dhallinyaradi ah hogaaminayo: Kacdoonkii 1aad: Waxaa sameeyey Jambarli algazaali oo ahaa guddoomiyihii [[Shaam]] wuxuuna ku dhawaaqay inuu kasoo horjeestay dowladda, wuxuuna isku dayey inuu qabsado [[Xalab]] laakiin wuu ku fashilmay, Wuxuuna amray Sulaymaan Al-qaanuuni in la damiyo fitnada uu wadey Jambarli, waxaana madaxiisa loo soo diray [[Istanbuul]] ayadoo daliil looga dhigayo inuu dhamaaday kacdoonkii. Kacdoonkii 2aad: waxaa sameeyey khaainkii waynaa Axmad Bashaa gudoomiyaha [[Masar]] kaasoo waligii jeclaa in loo dhiibo xilka "SADRUL ACDAM" (oo ahaa xilka ugu sareeyey ee uu qof ka qabta xiligii dowlada cusmaaniyiinta wuxuuna hada xilkaas u dhigmaa Raysal Wasaare xiligeena).Laakiin kuma guulaysan inuu hadafkiisa gaaro, wuxuuna codsay in loo doorto gudoomiyaha [[Masar]], markuu [[Masar]] tagay wuxuu isku deyey inuu dadka dhiniciisa u soo jeediyo wuxuuna naftiisa u doortay boqor gooni ka ah boqortooyadii cusmaaniyiinta, laakin dadkii cilmiga lahaa iyo ciidamidii dowlada cusmaaniyiinta ma aysan aqbalin wayna dileen <ref>[http://www.cairodar.com/228140/أحمد-باشا-الخائن-تولى-أمر-مصر-فأعلنها أحمد باشا الخائن تولى أمر مصر فتمرد فيها] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630174904/http://www.cairodar.com/228140/أحمد-باشا-الخائن-تولى-أمر-مصر-فأعلنها|</ref>. Kacdoonkii 3aad: waxaa sameeyey Baabuduun oo ahaa shiici (Raafidi ah), wuxuu soo aruuriyey dad gaaraya 3000 ilaa 4000 oo kacdoon wadayaal ah gobolka Yusgaadh, wuxuuna dulsaaray gobolkaa canshuur ilaa uu gaaray heer uu jabiyey ciidamadii cusmaaniyiinta. Inkastoo markii dambe uu ku dhamaaday in madaxii Baabuduun loo diro [[Istanbuul|istabuul]].<ref>[http://dorar.net/history/search?skeys=عيالُ+اللهِ+فأحبُّهم+إليه+أنفعُهم+لعيالِه&st=a&page=150 تمرد شيعي رافضي على الدولة العثمانية] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205064828/https://dorar.net/history/search?skeys=عيالُ+اللهِ+فأحبُّهم+إليه+أنفعُهم+لعيالِه&st=a&page=150|</ref><ref>[https://www.rqiim.com/islam11/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%85-1-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A العثمانيون المجني عليهم سليمان القانوني] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111054006/https://www.rqiim.com/islam11/العثمانيون-المجني-عليهم-1-سليمان-القانوني|</ref> Kacdoonkii 4aad: waxaa hogaaminayey Qalandar shilbi oo ahaa asagana shiici Tageerayaashiisa waxay gaareen 30,000 waxayna dileen muslimiint suniga ahaa ee gobolka [[Konya|qonya]] iyo [[Marcash]], [[Bahraan baashaa]] ayaa loo direy si uu u horistaago kacdoonka socday balse waa la diley, Sadral Acdamkii [[Ibraahim baashaa]] ayaa ku guulaystay inuu dhinaciisa u soo jeediyo ama u soo jiito qaar ka mid ah taageerayashii qalandar jallabi wuuna ka taqalusay qalandar shilbi. =dagaaladiisa= ===furashada balgaraad=== suldaan suleymaan markuu damiyay kacdoomadii wuxuu bilaabay inuu jihaadka dhanka yurub u weecdo, magaalada balgaraad oo ahayd magaalo boqoradii ka horeesay furan waayeen buu weeraray culees badan muuna kala kulmin wuxuu qabsaday 1521. ===furashada jaziirada rodos=== ciidanka fardooleyda qadiis yoxanaa ee heestay jaziirada [[Jaziirada Rodos|rodos]] ayaa waxay ahaayeen inay dhibaato badan ku haayeen doomaha muslimiinta ganacsatada ah iyo kuwa xajinaayo, sidaas darteed ayuu suldaanka go'aansaday inuu ka qabsado jaziirada <ref>[https://www.almrsal.com/post/514054 حقائق عن فتح المسلمين جزيرة رودس] {{Wayback|url=https://www.almrsal.com/post/514054 |date=20171206110628 }} {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20171206110628/https://www.almrsal.com/post/514054|date=06 ديسمبر 2017}}</ref> , talyihii jaziirada heestay ayaa markuu ogaaday in lagu soo wajahanyahay wuxuu usoo bandhigay suldaanka inuu bixiyo jizyo, asagoo kusii fakaraayay inuu gurmad uga imaado yurub balse suldaanka oo ku fahmay ayaa ka diiday <ref name="islamstoryrods">{{استشهاد ويب|مسار=https://islamstory.com/ar/artical/1374/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3|عنوان=فتح جزيرة رودس قاعدة مهمة للبحرية الإسلامية|ناشر=موقع قصة الإسلام|تاريخ الوصول=16 November 2017|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703163333/http://www.islamstory.com/ar/artical/1374/فتح-جزيرة-رودس|تاريخ أرشيف=3 يوليو 2019}}</ref>, ciidanka cusmaaniyiinta ayaa aad u juqeeyay jaziirada waxayna gaarsiiyeen khasaarooyin badan mudo kadib waxay dalbadeen ciidankii jaziirada heestay in ka baxaan jaziirada suldaanka ayaa ka yeelay waxayna ku baxeen doomaha cusmaaniyiinta <ref>سليمان القانوني سلطان البرين والبحرين، فريدون أمجان، دار النيل، الأولى، 2014، ص 62.</ref>, furashada kadib waxaa jaziirada laga dhisay masjid loogu magac daray suldaan suleymaan <ref name="Religious Monuments"><nowiki>{{استشهاد ويب|عنوان=Religious Monuments|مسار=</nowiki>http://www.rhodes.gr/en/ipolimas/touristikosodigos/churches/%7Cموقع=http://www.rhodes.gr%7Cناشر=Municipality of Rhodes| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923140938/http://www.rhodes.gr/en/ipolimas/touristikosodigos/churches | تاريخ أرشيف = 23 سبتمبر 2016 |</ref> ===furashada hangari=== Boqorkii [[Hungary|hangari]] luwiis labaad wuxuu go’aansaday inuu buriyo cahdiyadii boqoradii asaga ka horeeyey ay siiyeen dowlada cusmaaniyiinta wuxuuna gaaray heer uu dilay ninkii uu soo dirsaday Sulaymaan Al-qaanuuni si uu u qaado canshuurtii sanad laha ahayd, Suldaan suleymaan oo doonay inuu edbiyo [[Hungary|hangari]] oo dawlada cadaw daran ku ahayd ciidan aad u badan buu soo qaatay intuu dhex soo socday qalcado badan buu furtay <ref>[https://www.alittihad.ae/mobile/404 معركة موهاكس التي أسقطت المجر] {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20171116133745/http://www.alittihad.ae/mobile/details.php?id=73972&y=2013|date=16 نوفمبر 2017}}</ref>, baabaa kelimenti tobaad wuxuu ku baaqay in la saacido [[Hungary|hangari]] <ref>[http://www.jazan-news.com/tfr/3209 هل سمعت عن معركة موهاكس] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jazan-news.com/tfr/3209 |date=20200522011703 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522011703/http://www.jazan-news.com/tfr/3209|date=22 مايو 2020}}</ref>, ciidanka hangari oo saacidayaan ciidamo ka kala yimid wadamada [[yurub]] iyo kuwa cusmaaniyiinta ayaa waxaa dhex maray [[dagaalkii muuhaakis]] 1526 dagaalkaas oo socday labo saacadood ayaa waxaa ku halaagsamay ciidankii hangari <ref>[http://akhbar-alkhaleej.com/news/article/1074571 معركة موهاكس] {{Wayback|url=http://akhbar-alkhaleej.com/news/article/1074571 |date=20171116134057 }} {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20171116134057/http://akhbar-alkhaleej.com/news/article/1074571|date=16 نوفمبر 2017}}</ref> boqorkoodi luwiis labaad iyo ciidan badan ayaa ku dhinteen biyaha, waxaa la qabtay taliyayaal badan iyo ciidamo kumanaan ah, dagaalkan oo aad u asaameeyay hangari ayaa noqday waayihii dambe mid ay Halhees ka dhigtaan "ka daran jabkeeni muuhaakis" Dagaalka kadib dhulka hangari badanaa oo ku jirto caasimada [[Budapest|buudaabasti]] waxey gacanta u galeen cusmaaniyiinta, suldaanka wuxuu u dhiibay yaanuush zabulyaa oo isku dhawaayeen boqorada [[Hungary|hangari]]. amiirka [[Awstriya|hostori]] ferdinaan ayaa wuxuu isku arkay inuu leeyahay hangari maadaama boqorkeeda uu ka tagin wax dhaxal wuxuu weeraray yaanuush zabulyaa meelo qaar ayuu qabsaday, suldaanka ayaa si dhaqso ah la yimid ciidan 100kun ah wuxuu kasoo ceshaday meelihii uu qabsaday, Ferdinaan wuxuu ku gambaday [[Fiyena|fiyeenaa]] suldaanka ayaa hareereeyay [[Fiyena|fiyeenaa]] 1529kii laakin wuu qabsan waayay, mar kale ayuu hareereeyay 1532 hadana kuma guuleysan. ===Isku dhaca safawiyiinta=== Sababka isku dhaca waa dahmasib shaah oo daadaansi badan ku sameeyay dawlada asigoo dilay gudoomiyaha [[baqdaad]] oo u janjeeray cusmaaniyiinta, iskuna dayay inuu isbahaysi la sameeyo habisborg , cusmaaniyiinta oo horkacaayay sadrulacdam Ibraahiim baashaa ayaa weerareen safawiyiinta, suldaan suleymaan ayaa laftirkiisa ku biiray dagaalka, dahmasib shaah ayaa dib u gurtay asagoo gubay dhulka iyo beeraha, cusmaaniyiinta ayaa gaaray guul weyn waxay qabsadeen [[baqdaad]] iyo [[ciraaq]] oo dhan waxay gaareen tibriiz ka dib wey soo laabteen. Markale ayuu suleymaan soo rogaal celiyay weerarkiisa safawiyiinta 1548 sidii oo kale dahmasib wuu is ka ilaaliyay la kulankiisa, weerarkan dawlada waxay ku qabsatay [[Armania|armiiniya]] iyo dhufeesyo dhaca [[Joorjiya (wadan)|joorjiya]]. weerar sedexaad ayuu ku qaaday [[Dawlada Safawiyiinta|safawiyiinta]] 1553-1555 kaas oo ku soo ceshaday dhulal ey [[Dawlada Safawiyiinta|safawiyiinta]] ka qabsatay. Ugu dambeen wuxuu la galay safawiyiinta [[hishiiskii amaasiya]]. ===la dagaalanka burtaqiiska=== waxay ahaayeen [[Burtuqaal|burtaqiiska]] inay heleen marin ay u qaadan [[hindiya]] waxay dhibaato badan ku haayeen dawlado badan oo Muslim ah, qaar ka mid ah dawladaha muslimiinta hindiya ayaa ka dalbaday dawlada inay ka taageerto la dagaalanka [[Burtuqaal|burtaqiiska]] <ref>[http://www.naba.ps/arabic/?Action=Details&ID=544 السلطان سليمان القانوني] {{Wayback|url=http://www.naba.ps/arabic/?Action=Details&ID=544 |date=20171117174450 }} {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20171117174450/http://www.naba.ps/arabic/?Action=Details&ID=544|date=17 نوفمبر 2017}}</ref> suldaanka ayaa amray gudoomiyaha [[masar]] suleymaan baashaa inuu u la baxo doomaha dawlada hindiya, wuxuu dhex ku sii qabsaday [[cadan]], [[cumaan]], [[Qatar|qadar]] iyo axsaa, [[Baddacas|bada cas]] waxay noqotay mid gacanta dawlada soo gasha, xarunta [[Burtuqaal|burtaqiiska]] diyuu ayuu hareereeyay 1532 balse ma suura galin furashada. Saldanada atshee ee ka jirtay [[Indunisiya|indunuusiya]] ayaa ka dalbatay dawlada inay ka saacido ladagaalanka cadawga [[Burtuqaal|burtaqiiska]]<ref>''Cambridge illustrated atlas, warfare: Renaissance to revolution, 1492–1792'' by Jeremy Black p.17 [https://books.google.com/books?id=neUKEvaYPZYC&pg=PA17] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114033806/https://books.google.com/books?id=neUKEvaYPZYC&pg=PA17|date=14 يناير 2017}}</ref>, suldaanka oo jawaabay ayaa u diray 1565 ciidamo badan oo gurmad ah <ref name="Cambridge">[https://books.google.com/books?id=jtsMLNmMzbkC&pg=PA39 ''The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia'' by Nicholas Tarling p.39] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128032711/https://books.google.com/books?id=jtsMLNmMzbkC&pg=PA39|</ref><ref>''Cambridge illustrated atlas, warfare: Renaissance to revolution, 1492–1792'' by Jeremy Black p.16 [https://books.google.com/books?id=neUKEvaYPZYC&pg=PA16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128065126/https://books.google.com/books?id=neUKEvaYPZYC&pg=PA16|</ref>. Dagaalkii u dhaxeeyay [[Imaam Axmed Guray|axmad gureey]] iyo [[boqortooyada itoobiya]] 1529-1549 waxay dawladu ku taageertay [[Saldanadii Cadal|saldanadii awdal]] hub, halka [[boqortooyada itoobiya]] eey ka heleesay [[Burtuqaal|burtaqiiska]] taageero hub iyo ciidanba =Kheyrudiin barboosa iyo jihaadka bada= [[Kheyrudiin barboosa]] oo ahaa walaalka caruuj ayaa qabtay gudoomiyaha aljeeriya, wuxuuna sii waday la dagaalanka [[Isbania|isbeen]] iyo inuu ka xureeyo meelaha ee ka joogaan [[Waqooyiga Afrika|waqooyiga afrika]], sidoo kale wuxuu weeraro ku qaaday xeebaha [[Isbania|isbeen]] tiro badan oo reer [[andalus]] ahna wuu soo badbaaday<ref>{{استشهاد بهارفارد دون أقواس|بربروس|ترجمة: دراج|2010|p=152: 159}}</ref>. Suldaan suleymaan ayaa ka wacay kheyrudiin [[Istanbuul]] oo u dhiibay 1534 xilka kabtanka usuduulka dawlada <ref>{{استشهاد بهارفارد دون أقواس|التر|ترجمة: عامر|1989|p=101: 104}}</ref> 1534tii waxaa u suura gashay inuu ka qabsado [[dawlada xafsiyiinta]] [[Tunisiya|tuniisiya]], suldaanka [[Tunisiya|tuniisiya]] ayaa cararay oo ka dalbay [[shaaralkaan]] boqorka [[Isbania|isbeen]] ahna imbiraadoorka roomanka inuu u soo celiyo xilkiis, shaaralkaan oo ciidamo badan wata ayaa soo gaaray [[Tunisiya|tuniisiya]] dagaal culus ka dib, kheyrudiin ayaa isaga baxay [[Tunisiya|tuniisiya]]. intii u dhaxeesay 1537-1540 waxaa kacay dagaal [[Dawlada Bunduqiya|bunduqiya]] iyo cusmaaniyiinta u dhaxeeyo usduulka cusmaaniyiinta ayaa weeraray jaziirado badan oo hoos oo [[Dawlada Bunduqiya|bunduqiya]] hoos imaanayeen iyo xeebaha [[talyaaniga]], baabaa bolis sedexaad ayaa ku baaqay in la sameeyo isbahaysi ka dhan ah cusmaaniyiinta, waxaa sameesmay isbahaysi dawlada badan kulmiyay dagaalka ayeena qeyb ka noqdeen balse [[Kheyrudiin barboosa|kheyrudiin]] ayaa ku jabiyay dagaalkii barooza<ref name="alalukabroza">{{استشهاد ويب|مسار=https://www.alukah.net/culture/0/88355/|عنوان=معركة بروزة مجد البحرية العثمانية|ناشر=شبكة الألوكة|تاريخ الوصول=17 November 2017|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815040521/http://www.alukah.net/culture/0/88355/|</ref> andaryaa doryaa oo isbahaysiga hogaamiya ka ahaa ayaana cararay, [[Dawlada Bunduqiya|bunduqiya]] oo khasaaro badan soo gaaray ayaa ugu dambeyn la saxiixatay hishiis dawlada. [[shaaralkaan]] oo rabay inuu ka aarsado cusmaaniyiinta ayaa weeraray [[aljeeriya]] 1541 balse fashil xun baa ku dhacay, iska caabin adagana wuu wajahay. Ciidan wuu watay kheyrudiin ayaa gaaray [[faransiiska]] 1543 si ay uga taageeraan la dagaalanka shaaralkaan waxeyna soo hooyeen guulo badan. kheyrudiin kadib dagaalada bada wey sii socdeen, sanadkii 1551 ciidanka cusmaaniyiinta ayaa ku guuleesteen inay ka xureeyaan [[Triboli|tiriibuli]] iyo [[Libiya|liibiya]] oo dhan [[isbeen]] iyo fardooleyda qadiis yoxanaa <ref>''Cervantes in Algiers: a captive's tale'' by María Antonia Garcés p. 25 [https://books.google.com/books?id=h97ivaPeOx8C&pg=PA25] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128213205/http://books.google.com/books?id=h97ivaPeOx8C&pg=PA25|</ref><ref>''A history of Islamic societies'' Ira Marvin Lapidus p. 255 [https://books.google.com/books?id=I3mVUEzm8xMC&pg=PA255] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411221803/https://books.google.com/books?id=I3mVUEzm8xMC&pg=PA255|</ref><ref name="Braudel">''The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II'' by Fernand Braudel pp. 920– [https://books.google.com/books?id=LPp63EKb9moC&pg=PA920] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213224319/https://books.google.com/books?id=LPp63EKb9moC&pg=PA920|</ref> Sanadkii 1565 ciidanka cusmaaniyiinta waxay hareereeyay jazirada [[Malta|maalta]] oo gabaad cusub ka dhigteen fardooleyda qadiis yoxanaa, hase ahaatee wey qabsan waayeen dib ayeena uga gurteen <ref>[http://www.malta.com/en/about-malta/history The History of Malta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.malta.com/en/about-malta/history |date=20090205022353 }} {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20090205022353/http://malta.com:80/about-malta/history-of-malta.html|date=05 فبراير 2009}} {{وصلة مكسورة|</ref> =isu dhawaashaha faransiiska iyo cusmaaniyiinta= boqorkii [[Faransiiska|Fransiiska]] faransoo koowaad oo tartan kula jiray [[shaaralkaan]] boqorkii Roomanka, ayuu arkay fursad inay tahay uu Yurubta kale kaga adkaan karo gaar ahaana [[Dawlada Cosmaniya|dowlada Cusmaaniyada]] oo joojin karta Awoodii Boqorka Romanka ee shaaral Shanaad waxaana ka dhaxeeyey labadooda tartan dhanka kursiga boqortoyadii Roomaanka. 1535 ayuu Boqorkii [[Faransiiska]] diray Xogyihiisii Jan De Laforeh si uu heshiis ula saxiixdo Sulayman Al-qanuuni, waxaana heshiiskaas loo baxshay “ hishiiska gaarka ah ee Cusmaaniyada iyo [[Faransiiska]]”, ahamiyada gaarka ah ee ay lahayd aowgeed heshiiskaas, waxaan soo bandhigaynaa qodobadii ugu muhiimsanaa: 1- [[Faransiiska]] waxay ka faa’iidaysatay u dhowaanshiyaha Cusmaaniyada Ciidan ahaan, Dhaqaale ahaan, Siyaasad ahaan, waxayna ka yeelatay mucaahadadaas inay ku furato albaabo hor le oo ganacsiga Bariga taasoo markii xoog ay ku haysatay Burtiqiiska kadibkii markii ay heshay marin badeedka Koonfur Africa, waxayna doonyaha France ku marijireen si xuriyad ah. 2- [[Faransiiska]] waxay xaq u heshay inay ka ganacsan karto Gudaha dowlada Cusmaaniyada. 3- Canshuuraha Kastamyada ayay france hal mar siinaysaa Dowladda Cusmaaniyada. 4- Canshurta ay bixinayaan ganacsatada [[Faransiiska]] waxay la mid tahay kuwa ay Turkida bixiyaan ee ka ganacsada France. 5- Qunsilayad ayay [[Faransiiska]] ka furan kartaa Dowlada Cusmaaniyada, Qunsulkuna wuxuu helayaa Xasaanad isaga, ehelkiisa iyo Shaqaalihiisaba. 6- Qunsulka [[Faransiiska]] wuxuu eegi karaa falal dambiiyeedka Madaniga iyo Military ga ah kuwaasaa ay geystaan faransiiska ku nool Dowladda Cusmaaniyada isaga oo kaashaanaya Maxkamadaha Dowladda Cusmaaniyada si xukunka loogu fuliyo Dambiilayaasha. 7- Fal dambiyeedka Faransiisku ay geystaan oo kula kacaan Cusmaaniyiinta lama Xukumayo, Maxkamadana uma yeerayso ilaa uu yimaado Turjumaanka Qunsulka. 8- Xuriyada Diinta iyo Cibaada ayaa la qiray. 9- Waxaa la joojiyey adoonsiga Raciyada Boqorka. Sidoo kale Dowladii Cusmaaniyada ayaa heshay awood dheeraad ah, waxayna weerar ku qaaday Doonyihii dagaalka ee xeebta Boqortooyada Nasbooli ee hoostimaaday boqor shaaralkaan 1543. Waxay kaloo weerartay “Niis” ee hoos timaaday Safoy oo isna Xulufo la ahaa shaaralkaan. = maamulkiisa = Ma ahayn xilligii Sulaymaan Al-qaanuuni mid Dowladii Cusmaaniyada ay ugu dhul fidis badanayd, ee wuxuu ahaa xilligii dowladii ugu waynayd ee Nidaam, Awood iyo Cadaalad isku Darsatay, ciidanka cusmaaniyiinta heebad waxee yeesheen heer [[Holland|holan]] oo dagaalo kula jirtay [[Isbania|isbeen]] Mar ey ka dalbatay gurmad dawlada in loo diro kaliya labiska inkishaariyiinta oo kaliya, isla markii ee aragtay isbeen dharka waxy ka baxday dagaalka sodon sano uma dhawaan [[Holland|holan]], xaga waxbarashada hormar fiican bee ka gaartay suldaanka wuxuu dhisay madaaris badan masaajid badan suuqyo wadooyin buundooyin xamaamyo injineer la yiraado sanaan ayaa aad soo caan baxay. xuquuqda xayawaan qawaaniintiisa way taabanayeen oo wuxuu soosaaray in ay mamnuuc tahay xayawaanada alaab ee qaadi karin in lasaaro<ref>[https://www.turkpress.co/node/15706 الرفق بالحيوان في الدولة العثمانية] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111054022/https://www.turkpress.co/node/15706|</ref> = Dhimashadiis = Wuxuu geeriyaday Boqor Sulayman Al-qaanuuni isaga oo hareereeyey magaaladii Siiktowar ee Badda ku tiilay 5 September 1566/ 20 Safar 974H, waxay ku duugeen mindhicirihiisa meeshuu ku dhintay si jirkiisa kale loogu aaso [[Istanbuul]] <ref>Yapp, [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575054_2/Suleiman_I.html Suleiman I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003071213/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575054_2/Suleiman_I.html|</ref><ref>Imber, 60.</ref><ref>[https://m.elwatannews.com/news/details/1396480 اكتشاف قبر يحوي أحشاء سليمان القانوتي] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512180653/https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/1396480|</ref> = Qoyskiisa = '''Xaasaskiisa iyo ilmihiisa''' *'''maah dooraan suldaan''' waxay ahayd xaaska koowaad ee suleymaan qaanuuni isku dhac ka dhashay ayada iyo khuram suldaan darteed ayuu suldaanka u fogeeyay maniisiya wiilkeed musdafa agtiis, waxay u dhashay suldaanka: **'''shahrazaada maxamuud''' yaraanta buu ku dhintay **'''[[shahrazaada musdafa]]''' wuxuu ahaa dhaxal suge 1553 ayaa laga faafiyay warar taas oo keentay aabihiis inuu amro dilkiis. **'''raadiya suldaan''' *[[Khuram suldaan|'''khuram suldaan''']] aabaheed wuxuu ahaa baadari ruush ah adoon ahaan ayaa loo soo qabsaday, mar dambe waxaa guursaday suldaanka waxayna hanatay qalbigiisa, waxaa lagu xantaa inay door weyn ku laheed dilka musdafa si wiilkeeda saliim u noqdo dhaxal suge, waxay u dhashay suldaanka: **'''shahrazaada muxamad''' wuxuu ahaa curudka [[khuram suldaan]] wuxuu dhintay 1543 ayuu dhintay **'''shahrazaada cabdulaahi''' yaraanta ayuu ku dhintay **[[Saliim labaad|'''shahrazaada saliim''']] kadib dhimashada walaalihiis musdafa, bayazid iyo jahaankiir wuxuu noqday dhaxal sugaha kaliya dhimashada aabihiis kadib ayuu xilka qabtay 1566 **'''shahrazaada jahaankiir''' 1553 ayuu u dhintay tiiraanyo oo ka qabay dilka walaalkii musdafa **'''shahrazaada bayazid''' wuxuu ku caasiyay aabihiis 1561 ayaa la dilay **'''suldaana Mahramaah''' waxaa guursaday [[rustum baashaa]] *'''joolfam khaatuun''' waxee dhashay: **'''shahrazaada muraad''' yaraanta ayuu ku dhintay *''' foolaana khaatuun''' waxee dhashay: **'''faaduma nuur''' =xigasho= [[Category:Taariikh]] g6ir4ml2n5hzutd2lx1jmumwb34l5rl 0 15314 297510 296765 2026-05-17T03:17:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liiska Dalalka Hadba Kaydka ugu badan ee lacagha Shisheeye''' ({{lang-en|Editing List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves}}, {{lang-ar|قائمة الدول حسب احتياطي النقد الأجنبي}}) waa [[Lacag|lacagaha]] ay dowladi ku hayso [[Banki|bangiyadeeda]] shaqo ama sarif. taasoo ah lacag [[Shisheeye|ajnabi]] ah oo wadamo kale ay leeyihiin. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="float:left; border:1px solid #999;" |- ! Darajada ! Dalka ! Keydka lacagta ajnabi<br />(Millions of US$) ! Lambarka laga iyo ilaa |- | 1 || {{Flag|China}}{{ref|a}} || 3,305,445|| March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/chn/eng/curchn.htm#I IMF - China]</ref> |- | 2 || {{flag|Japan}} || 1,262,509 || April 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/jpn/eng/curjpn.htm#I IMF - Japan]</ref> |- | — || {{flagicon|European Union}} [[Eurozone]] || 761,679 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/EUA/eng/CUReua.HTM IMF - Euro Area]</ref> |- | 3 || {{CHE}} || 649,190 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/che/eng/curche.htm#I IMF - Switzerland]</ref> |- | 4 || {{SAU}} || 555,000 || July 2016<ref name="cia">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html|title=The World Factbook: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2016-09-22|archive-date=2007-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005020/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="sama">{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-cenbank-assets-idUSKCN1130JJ?il=0}}</ref> |- | 5 || {{ROC-TW}} || 425,978 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.gov.tw/public/data/EBOOKXLS/fs/p3.pdf |title=Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) — Foreign Exchange Reserves ('''including''' gold) |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020144649/http://www.cbc.gov.tw/public/data/EBOOKXLS/fs/p3.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cbc.gov.tw/content.asp?CuItem=29870 SDDS (Special Data Dissemination Standard). Access to the Republic of China's statistics]</ref> |- | 6 || {{RUS}} || 398,200 || 19 August 2016<ref>https://www.rt.com/business/357279-russia-reserves/?utm_source=browser&utm_medium=aplication_chrome&utm_campaign=chrome</ref><ref name="cbr.ru">http://www.cbr.ru/eng/hd_base/?PrtId=mrrf_7d</ref><ref name="cbr.ru"/><ref name="cbr.ru"/><ref>http://rg.ru/2016/05/12/mezhdunarodnye-rezervy-rossii-vyrosli-pochti-do-392-mlrd-dollarov.html</ref><ref>http://sputniknews.com/russia/20160511/1039455114/russia-bank-april-reserves.html</ref><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/rus/eng/currus.htm#I IMF - Russia]</ref><ref>[http://www.cbr.ru/eng/hd_base/default.aspx?PrtId=mrrf_m International Reserves of the Russian Federation, Monthly values | Bank of Russia]</ref><ref>[http://www.cbr.ru/Eng/hd_base/?PrtId=mrrf_7d International Reserves of the Russian Federation, Weekly values | Bank of Russia]</ref> |- | 7 || {{IND}} || 371,280 || 9 September 2016{{ref|b}}<ref>[https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/WSSViewDetail.aspx?TYPE=Section&PARAM1=2]</ref> |- |- | 8 || {{KOR}} || 369,840 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/kor/eng/curkor.htm#I IMF - Korea, Republic of]</ref> |- | — || {{HKG-CHN}} || 362,900 || July 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/key-information/press-releases/2016/20160805-4.shtml|title=Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Hong Kong’s Latest Foreign Currency Reserve Assets Figures Released|website=www.hkma.gov.hk|access-date=2016-08-25}}</ref> |- | 9 || {{BRA}} || 362,200 || April 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/bra/eng/curbra.htm#I IMF - Brazil]</ref> |- | 10 || {{SGP}} || 252,282 || August 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.mas.gov.sg/Statistics/Reserve-Statistics/Official-Foreign-Reserves.aspx Monetary Authority of Singapore ─ International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity]</ref> |- | 11 || {{DEU}} || 200,394 || April 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/deu/eng/curdeu.pdf IMF - Germany]</ref> |- | 12 || {{THA}} || 182,668 || August 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/tha/eng/curtha.htm IMF - Thailand]</ref> |- | 13 || {{MEX}} || 179,708 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mex/eng/curmex.htm#I IMF - Mexico]</ref> |- | 14 || {{GBR}} || 164,003 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/gbr/eng/curgbr.pdf IMF - United Kingdom]</ref> |- | 15 || {{ALG}} || 155,700 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 16 || {{FRA}} || 153,890 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/fra/eng/curfra.htm#I IMF - France]</ref> |- | 17 || {{ITA}} || 143,183 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/ita/eng/curita.pdf IMF - Italy]</ref> |- | 18 || {{IRN}} || 125,900 || December 2015<ref>[https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/pdf/text.pdf]</ref> |- | 19 || {{USA}} || 121,269 || April 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/usa/eng/curusa.htm#I IMF - United States]</ref> |- | 20 || {{TUR}} || 112,769 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/tur/eng/curtur.htm#I IMF - Turkey]</ref> |- | 21 || {{IDN}} || 107,542 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/idn/eng/curidn.htm#I IMF - Indonesia]</ref> |- | 22 || {{POL}} || 100,530 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/pol/eng/curpol.htm#I IMF - Poland]</ref> |- | 23 || {{MYS}} || 95,631 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mys/eng/curmys.htm#I IMF - Malaysia]</ref> |- | 24 || {{ISR}} || 94,775 || March 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/isr/eng/curisr.htm IMF - Israel]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-israels-foreign-currency-reserves-surge-to-record-1001115800 |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923122356/http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-israels-foreign-currency-reserves-surge-to-record-1001115800 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 25 || {{IRN}}{{ref|c}} || 93,950 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 26 || {{PHL}} || 85,900 || August 2016<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://thestandard.com.ph/business/215494/foreign-exchange-reserves-hit-new-record.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919001452/http://thestandard.com.ph/business/215494/foreign-exchange-reserves-hit-new-record.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 27 || {{CAN}} || 83,756 || August 2016<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.fin.gc.ca/n16/16-107-eng.asp |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923181845/http://www.fin.gc.ca/n16/16-107-eng.asp |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 28 || {{ARE}} || 79,920 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 29 || {{CZE}} || 74,785 || April 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/cze/eng/curcze.htm#I IMF - Czech Republic]</ref> |- | - || {{EUR}} ([[European Central Bank|ECB]]) || 75,150 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/ECB/eng/CURecb.HTM IMF - European Central Bank]</ref> |- | 30 || {{DNK}} || 64,015 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/dnk/eng/curdnk.htm#I IMF - Denmark]</ref> |- | 30 || {{LBY}} || 61,630 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 31 || {{PER}} || 60,445. || 7 May 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/per/eng/curper.htm#I IMF- Peru]</ref> |- | 32 || {{SWE}} || 59,558 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/swe/eng/curswe.htm#I IMF - Sweden]</ref> |- | 33 || {{NOR}} || 59,423 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/nor/eng/curnor.htm#I IMF - Norway]</ref> |- | 34 || {{IRQ}} || 57,070 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 35 || {{ESP}} || 54,154 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/esp/eng/curesp.pdf IMF - Spain]</ref> |- | 36 || {{LBN}} || 49,610 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 37 || {{AUS}} || 49,264 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/aus/eng/curaus.htm#I IMF - Australia]</ref> |- | 38 || {{COL}} || 46,798 || April 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/col/eng/curcol.htm#I IMF - Colombia]</ref> |- | 39 || {{ZAF}} || 46,770 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/zaf/eng/curzaf.htm#I IMF - South Africa]</ref> |- | 40 || {{NLD}} || 40,393 || April 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/nld/eng/curnld.htm#I IMF - Netherlands]</ref> |- | 41 || {{ROU}} || 40,148 || April 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/rou/eng/currou.htm#I IMF - Romania]</ref> |- | 42 || {{CHL}} || 39,552 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/chl/eng/curchl.htm#I IMF - Chile]</ref> |- | 43 || {{VNM}} || 39,600 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 44 || {{QAT}} || 36,707 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref name="qcb">{{cite web|url=http://www.qcb.gov.qa/English/Publications/Statistics/Pages/MonthlyBulletin.aspx|title=Qatar Central Bank - Monthly Monetary Bulletin (in Table 11, "QCB's International Reserves", of the Excel file; US$1 = 3.64 Qatari riyal)|publisher=[[Qatar Central Bank]]|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2016-09-22|archive-date=2021-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101132019/http://www.qcb.gov.qa/English/Publications/Statistics/Pages/MonthlyBulletin.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | 45 || {{KUW}} || 31,430 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 46 || {{HUN}} || 31,366 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/hun/eng/curhun.htm#I IMF - Hungary]</ref> |- | 47 || {{BGD}} || 31,165 || Sept 2016<ref>[https://www.bb.org.bd/econdata/intreserve.php Bangladesh Bank (Central Bank of Bangladesh)]</ref> |- | 48 || {{ARG}} || 29,571 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/arg/eng/curarg.pdf IMF - Argentina]</ref> |- | 49 || {{KAZ}} || 27,800 || 1 March 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/kaz/eng/curkaz.htm#I IMF - Kazakhstan]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=International Reserves and Assets of the National Oil Fund of Republic of Kazakhstan |url=http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=127&switch=english |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114124924/http://www.nationalbank.kz/?docid=127&switch=english |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 50 || {{NGA}} || 25,780 || August 2016<ref name="cia" /><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=CBN - Statistics Database |url=http://statistics.cbn.gov.ng/cbn-onlinestats/DataBrowser.aspx |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917163400/http://statistics.cbn.gov.ng/cbn-onlinestats/DataBrowser.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 51 || {{BEL}} || 24,861 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/bel/eng/curbel.pdf IMF - Belgium]</ref> |- | 52 || {{MAR}} || 23,516 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mar/eng/curmar.htm IMF - Morocco]</ref> |- | 53 || {{AUT}} || 24,757 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/aut/eng/curaut.htm#I IMF - Austria]</ref> |- | 54 || {{TKM}} || 22,600 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 55 || {{PAK}} || 23,100 || July 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Bank of Pakistan. Economic Data |url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/forex.pdf |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2021-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926160640/https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/forex.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 56 || {{BGR}} || 24,318 || March 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/bgr/eng/curbgr.htm#I IMF - Bulgaria]</ref> |- | 57 || {{PRT}} || 21,328 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/prt/eng/curprt.htm#I IMF - Portugal]</ref> |- | — || {{MAC-CHN}} || 19,130 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.amcm.gov.mo/cms_upload/statistics/TimeSeries/FX_Reserve_time_series.xls MONETARY AUTHORITY OF MACAO]</ref> |- | 58 || {{ANG}} || 18,460 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 59 || {{EGY}} || 17,050 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/egy/eng/curegy.htm IMF - Egypt]</ref> |- | 60 || {{NZL}} || 16,769 || March 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/nzl/eng/curnzl.htm#I IMF - New Zealand]</ref> |- | 61 || {{JOR}} || 16,386 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/jor/eng/curjor.htm#I IMF - Jordan]</ref> |- | 62 || {{OMA}} || 15,720 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 63 || {{VEN}} || 11,900 || 31 July 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://money.cnn.com/2016/08/03/news/economy/venezuela-running-out-of-cash/ |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819131615/http://money.cnn.com/2016/08/03/news/economy/venezuela-running-out-of-cash/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 64 || {{UZB}} || 15,000 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 65 || {{URY}} || 14,377 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/ury/eng/curury.htm#I IMF - Uruguay]</ref> |- | 66 || {{HRV}} || 14,306 || February 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/hrv/eng/curhrv.htm#I IMF - Croatia]</ref> |- | 67 || {{BOL}} || 12,818 || January 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/bol/eng/curbol.htm IMF - Bolivia]</ref> |- | 68 || {{UKR}} || 12,721 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/ukr/eng/curukr.htm#I IMF - Ukraine]</ref> |- | 69 || {{TTO}} || 11,690 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Foreign Reserves Monthly {{!}} Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago |url=http://www.central-bank.org.tt/content/foreign-reserves-monthly-0 |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630221323/http://www.central-bank.org.tt/content/foreign-reserves-monthly-0 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 70 || {{SRB}} || 11,680 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 71 || {{CUB}} || 11,600 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 72 || {{FIN}} || 10,412 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/fin/eng/curfin.htm#I IMF - Finland]</ref> |- | 73 || {{MMR}} || 9,417 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 74 || {{PRK}} || 8,000 || November 2013<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Северная Корея распродает золотой запас |url=http://www.rosbalt.ru/business/2013/12/11/1210045.html |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105101152/https://www.rosbalt.ru/business/2013/12/11/1210045.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 75 || {{BOT}} || 7,990 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 76 || {{CRI}} || 7,784 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/cri/eng/curcri.htm#I IMF - Costa Rica]</ref> |- | 77 || {{GTM}} || 7,658 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/gtm/eng/curgtm.htm#I IMF - Guatemala]</ref> |- | 78 || {{GRC}} || 7,535 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/grc/eng/curgrc.htm#I IMF - Greece]</ref> |- | 78 || {{KEN}} || 7,356 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 80 || {{KHM}} || 7,091 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 81 || {{PRY}} || 7,028 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 82 || {{TUN}} || 6,714 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/tun/eng/curtun.htm IMF - Tunisia]</ref> |- | 83 || {{AFG}} || 6,681 || 31 December 2014<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org">{{Cite web |title=Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FI.RES.TOTL.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630124629/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FI.RES.TOTL.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 84 || {{LKA}} || 6,225 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/lka/eng/curlka.htm IMF - Sri Lanka]</ref> |- | 85 || {{ISL}} || 6,186 || April 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/isl/eng/curisl.htm#I IMF - Iceland]</ref> |- | 86 || {{NPL}} || 6,034 || 31 December 2014<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 87 || {{GHA}} || 5,617 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 88 || {{DOM}} || 5,183 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/dom/eng/curdom.htm IMF - Dominican Republic]</ref> |- | 89 || {{BHR}} || 5,051 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 90 || {{CIV}} || 4,882 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 91 || {{BIH}} || 4,625 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 92 || {{MUS}} || 4,497 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mus/eng/curmus.htm#I IMF - Mauritius]</ref> |- | 93 || {{COG}} || 4,407 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 94 || {{AZE}} || 4,399 || 29 January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://en.cbar.az/infoblocks/money_reserve_usd |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816195619/https://en.cbar.az/infoblocks/money_reserve_usd |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 95 || {{PAN}} || 4,182 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 96 || {{BLR}} || 4,111 || 1 March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/blr/eng/curblr.htm#I IMF - Belarus]</ref><ref>[http://www.nbrb.by/engl/ International reserve assets of the Republic of Belarus]</ref> |- | 97 || {{TAN}} || 4,021 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 98 || {{HND}} || 3,755 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/hnd/eng/curhnd.htm#I IMF - Honduras]</ref> |- | 99 || {{UGA}} || 3,681 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 100 || {{BRN}} || 3,649 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 101 || {{ETH}} || 3,589 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 102 || {{LVA}} || 3,519 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/lva/eng/curlva.htm#I IMF - Latvia]</ref> |- | 103 || {{SLV}} || 3,171 || March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/slv/eng/curslv.htm#I IMF - El Salvador]</ref> |- | 104 || {{ECU}} || 3,128 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 105 || {{PNG}} || 2,966 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 106 || SVK || 2,879 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/svk/eng/cursvk.htm#I IMF - Slovak Republic]</ref> |- | 107 || ALB|| 2,852 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/alb/eng/curalb.htm IMF - Albania]</ref> |- | 108 || ZAM || 2,716 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 109 || JAM || 2,670 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/jam/eng/curjam.htm IMF - Jamaica]</ref> |- | 110 || MOZ || 2,528 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 111 || CMR}} || 2,510 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 112 || MKD}} || 2,454 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mkd/eng/curmkd.htm IMF - Macedonia]</ref> |- | 113 || {{NIC}} || 2,441 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/nic/eng/curnic.htm#I IMF - Nicaragua]</ref> |- | 114 || {{GEO}} || 2,426 || 29 February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/geo/eng/curgeo.htm#I IMF - Georgia]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=National Bank Of Georgia. Statistical Data |url=https://www.nbg.gov.ge/index.php?m=304&lng=eng |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2018-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715210545/https://www.nbg.gov.ge/index.php?m=304&lng=eng |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 115 || YEM}} || 2,309 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 116 || IRL}} || 2,191 || January 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/irl/eng/curirl.htm#I IMF - Ireland]</ref> |- | 117 || {{SEN}} || 2,099 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 118 || {{GNQ}} || 1,903 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 119 || {{GAB}} || 1,825 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 120 || {{HAI}} || 1,803 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 121 ||KGZ}} || 1,794 || February 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/kgz/eng/curkgz.htm#I IMF - Kyrgyz Republic]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Кыргыз Республикасынын Улуттук банкы. Gross international reserves |url=http://www.nbkr.kg/index1.jsp?item=130&lang=ENG |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003162629/http://www.nbkr.kg/index1.jsp?item=130&lang=ENG |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 122 || {{ARM}} || 1,740 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/arm/eng/curarm.htm#I IMF - Armenia, Republic of]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Central Bank of Armenia. Databank |url=https://www.cba.am/en/SitePages/statdatabank1.aspx?top=1 |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222134136/https://www.cba.am/en/SitePages/statdatabank1.aspx?top=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://www.cba.am/EN/News/Pages/news_30-11-11.aspx#sthash.PzfugLlw.dpbs Central Bank of Armenia. Data template on International reserves and foreign currency liquidity] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cba.am/EN/News/Pages/news_30-11-11.aspx#sthash.PzfugLlw.dpbs |date=20170709230326 }}</ref> |- | 123 || {{MDA}} || 1,717 || 4 March 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mda/eng/curmda.htm#I IMF - Moldova]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Информация об изменении официальных резервных активов |url=http://www.bnm.org/ru/content/informaciya-ob-izmenenii-oficialnyh-rezervnyh-aktivov-v-yanvare-2016-goda |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204121159/http://www.bnm.org/ru/content/informaciya-ob-izmenenii-oficialnyh-rezervnyh-aktivov-v-yanvare-2016-goda |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.bnm.org/bdi/pages/reports/dovre/DOVRE1.xhtml?lang=ru&id=9166 BNM. Official reserve assets and other foreign currency assets]</ref> |- | 124 || {{COD}} || 1,443 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 125 || {{MNG}} || 1,324 || January 2016<ref>[http://www.mongolbank.mn/eng/dbgrossreserves.aspx "Bank of Mongolia statistics"]</ref> |- | 126 || {{NER}} || 1,282 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 127 || {{LTU}} || 1,268 || February 2016<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/ltu/eng/curltu.htm#I IMF - Lithuania]</ref> |- | 128 || {{BTN}} || 1,245 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 129 || {{NAM}} || 1,135 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 130 || {{CHA}} || 1,111 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 131 || {{RWA}} || 1,028 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 132 || {{KOS}} || 990 || 30 September 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo. Monthly Statistics Bulletin. December 2015, No. 127 |url=http://bqk-kos.org/repository/docs/2015/MSB%20no.172%20anglisht%20(1).pdf |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2016-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104034147/http://bqk-kos.org/repository/docs/2015/MSB%20no.172%20anglisht%20(1).pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | 133 || {{LES}} || 981 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 134 || {{LAO}} || 976 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 135 || {{MRT}} || 969 || 2012<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 136 || {{SYR}} || 968 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 137 || {{MAD}} || 963 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 138 || {{BAH}} || 950 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 139 || {{SVN}} || 939 || February 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/svn/eng/cursvn.pdf IMF - Slovenia]</ref> |- | 140 || {{FIJ}} || 903 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 141 || {{MLI}} || 861 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 142 || {{CYP}} || 809 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/cyp/eng/curcyp.htm#I IMF - Cyprus]</ref> |- | 143 || {{BEN}} || 809 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 144 || {{LUX}} || 774 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/lux/eng/curlux.pdf IMF - Luxembourg]</ref> |- | 145 || {{MWI}} || 743 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | - || {{ABW}} || 680 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 146 || {{BAR}} || 663 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 147 || {{MLT}} || 658 || February 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/mlt/eng/curmlt.htm#I IMF - Malta]</ref> |- | 148 || {{BLZ}} || 634 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 149 || {{MDV}} || 627 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 150 || {{SUR}} || 625 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 151 || {{GUY}} || 614 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 152 || {{SLE}} || 601 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 153 || {{MNE}} || 600 || 31 December 2014<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 154 || {{PSE}} || 581 || December 2015<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/PSE/eng/CURpse.HTM IMF - Palestine]</ref> |- | 155 || {{SWZ}} || 572 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 156 || {{SYC}} || 537 || January 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/syc/eng/cursyc.htm IMF - Seychelles]</ref> |- | 157 || {{SLB}} || 496 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 158 || {{TOG}} || 494 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 159 || {{LBR}} || 493 || December 2013<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 160 || {{CPV}} || 492 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 161 || {{EST}} || 471 || February 2016<ref name="cia"/><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/data/est/eng/curest.pdf IMF - Estonia]</ref> |- | 162 || {{ZIM}} || 457 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 163 || {{TJK}} || 430 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 164 || {{DJI}} || 393 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 165 || {{SMR}} || 392 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 166 || {{BUR}} || 363 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 167 || {{KNA}} || 327 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 168 || {{BDI}} || 316 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 169 || {{TLS}} || 312 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 170 || {{GUI}} || 303 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 171 || {{ATG}} || 297 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 172 || {{GNB}} || 287 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 173 || {{CAF}} || 260 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 174 || {{LCA}} || 258 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 175 || {{ERI}} || 248 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- | 176 || {{VAN}} || 213 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 177 || {{SDN}} || 172 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 178 || {{COM}} || 171 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 179 || {{GRN}} || 170 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 180 || {{TON}} || 167 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 181 || {{SAM}} || 141 || 31 December 2014<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 182 || {{VIN}} || 135 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 183 || {{FSM}} || 114 || 2014<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 184 || {{DMA}} || 100 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 185 || {{GMB}} || 83 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | 186 || {{STP}} || 64 || 31 December 2015<ref name="cia"/><ref name="data.worldbank.org"/> |- | - || {{MSR}} || 32 || 31 December 2012<ref name="cia"/> |- | 187 || {{SOM}} || 31000 || 2015<ref name="cia"/> |- |} == Tixraac == {{Gumud}} [[Category:Lacag]] [[Category:Bangi]] 616pi29qi7ky4sxk0jg5o2wegkkc0w1 0 17333 297498 268585 2026-05-17T00:46:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297498 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan magaalada Dallas ee wadanka Maraykanka.'' {{Infobox settlement |name = Dallas, Tegsas |official_name = Caasimada Dallas |settlement_type = [[Caasimad]] |nickname = "D Wayn" |image_skyline = Dallas Collage Montage.png |imagesize = 330px |image_caption = Kor ilaa hoos, midig ilaa bidix: Farasmaaglka Dallas, dhismayaasha badhtamaha magaalada, Old Red Museum, Beerta NorthPark, Guriga Martida Dallas, Hooyga Farshaxanka Dallas, Aqalka Ciyaarta Opera, Xarunta Sayniska Dallas, Astaanta gobolka [[Texas]], Istaadiyaamka magaalada Dallas, beerta quruxda magaalada, iyo xarunta [[diyaarad]]aha Dallas |image_flag = Flag of Dallas.svg |image_seal = Seal of Dallas.svg |image_map = Dallas County Texas Incorporated Areas Dallas highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Meesha [[Degmo|Dallas County]] kaga taalo gobolka Texas |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_relief = |pushpin_label = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates_region = US-TX |subdivision_type = Deegaan |subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Maraykanka|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Tegsas]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Degmo|County]] |subdivision_name2 = Dallas |parts_type = Koontiyada |parts_style = para |parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1 = Dallas |p2 = Collin |p3 = |Denton |p4 = Rockwall |p5 = Kaufman |p6 = Tarrant |government_type = [[Dowlad|Maamulka Golaha]] |governing_body = Golaha Degmada Dallas |leader_title = Duqa magaalada |leader_name = Eric Johnson |unit_pref = Imperial |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = 999.3 |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = 881.9 |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = 117.4 |urban_land_sq_mi = 1407.2 |urban_population = 170 |population_as_of = [[Maraykanka|2010]] |population_est = 1281047 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/files/SUB-EST2014_48.csv Population Estimates, United States Census Bureau, May 25, 2015]</ref> |population_footnotes = <ref>[http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml American FactFinder United States Census Bureau]</ref> |population_total = 1197816 |population_rank = <small>(US: [[Maraykanka|9aad]])</small> |population_density_km2 = 1,407 |population_density_sq_mi = 3,645 |population_urban = 5,121,892 <small>([[6|6aad]])</small> |population_metro = 6,954,330 <small>([[4|4aad]])</small> |population_CSA = 7,206,144 <small>([[7|7aad]])</small> |population_blank1_title = Bulsho |population_blank1 = Dallasite |timezone = [[UTC|Central]] |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = [[UTC|Central]] |utc_offset_DST = -5 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = Zip codes<ref>[http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp USPS, Zip Code Lookup]</ref> |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |75201-75212, 75214-75238, 75240-75254, 75258, 75260-75267, 75270, 75275, 75277, 75283-75287, 75301, 75303, 75310, 75312-75313, 75315, 75320, 75323, 75326, 75334, 75336, 75339-75340, 75342-75344, 75354-75360, 75367-75368, 75370-75374, 75376, 75378-75382, 75387, 75389-75394}} |area_code = 214, 469, 972, 682, 817<ref>[http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=682&frmNXX=&frmCity=Dallas&frmState=TX&frmZip=&frmCounty=Dallas&frmCompany=&search.x=0&search.y=0 Dallas]</ref><ref>[http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=817&frmNXX=&frmCity=Dallas&frmState=TX&frmZip=&frmCounty=Dallas&frmCompany=&search.x=0&search.y=0 City Dallas]</ref> |area_code_type = Area Kodhe |elevation_ft = 430 <!--USGS--> |elevation_m = 131 <!--USGS--> |latd= 32 |latm= 46 |lats= 33 |latNS=N |longd= 96 |longm= 47 |longs= 48 |longEW=W |coordinates_display = y |established_title = Dowlada Hoose |established_date = Febraayo 2, 1856 |blank_name = [[Maraykanka|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 48-19000<ref>[http://factfinder2.census.gov United States Census Bureau, January 31, 2008, American FactFinder]</ref> |blank1_name = [[Juquraafi|Astaanta GNIS]] |blank1_info = 1380944<ref>[http://geonames.usgs.gov January 31, 2008, US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey, October 25, 2007]</ref> |blank2_name = ZIP kodh |blank2_info = 752,753 |website = {{URL|http://www.dallascityhall.com/|dallascityhall.com}} |footnotes = }} '''Dallas''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|æ|l|ə|s}}) waa [[magaalo]] aad u weyn oo ku taala gobolka [[Texas|Tegsaas]] ee wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Magaalada Dallas waa tan [[4]]aad ee ugu weyn magaalooyinka wadanka Maraykanka marka loo eego baaxad ahaan, laakiin waa mida [[3]]aad ee ugu dadka badan gobolka Tegsas, marka laga reebo [[Houston]] iyo [[San Antonio]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101210171606/http://www.texasalmanac.com/facts/ Texas Almanac &#124; Texas State Historical Association &#124; Facts, Profile & Rank; TexasAlmanac.com, May 11, 2013]</ref><ref>[http://www.citymayors.com/gratis/uscities_100.html Largest 100 US cities, City Mayors, May 17, 2012]</ref> Jiritaanka caasimadan waxay ka soo unkantay taariikh ahaan waa helitaanka iyo qodida [[saliid]]a iyo [[cudbi]]ga, waxaana aad u caawiyay ineey korto oo fido [[tareen|wadooyinka tareenka]] ee iskugu yimaada badhtamaha magaalada. Intaas waxaa dheer, magaaladani waxay fadhi u tahay dowlada Dallas County, laakiin waxay gaadhsan tahay ilaa Kolin County, Denton County, Kaufman County iyo Rockwall county, kuwaasi oo dhamaan ku hareersan magaalda. Tiro koob dadka ah oo [[dowlad]]a wadanka [[Maraykan]]ku sameeysay [[sanad|sanadkii 2010ka]] ayaa lagu ogaaday in magaalada Dallas leedahay shacab ku dhaqan oo gaadhaya ilaa 1,197,816, midaasi oo sii kortay sanadihii xigay ilaa [[2014|sanadkii 2014ka]] la sheegay in shacabka magaaladu gaadheen 1,281,047.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2014/index.html Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA Population, U.S. Census Bureau]</ref> ==Hordhac== [[File:Elm St at night Dallas TX 1942.jpg|thumb|left|Wadada Elm goor habeen ah, Janaayo 1942]] Xaga dhaqaalaha waxaa la sheegay in Dallas tahay magaalada [[6]]aad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan wadanka Maraykanka, mida koowaad ee 12ka kowni ee la isku yidhaahdo "DWP", iyo mida 3aad ee ugu awooda badan gobolka Tegsas. Waxaana [[sanad|sanadkii 2013ka]] lagu xusay dhaqaalaha magaaladan GDP of $448 bilyan.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Real GDP, US Dept of Commerce, March 29, 2015 |url=http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&acrdn=2#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=-1&7006=19100&7036=-1&7001=2200&7002=2&7090=70&7007=2013&7093=levels |access-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 5, 2015 |archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316133549/http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&acrdn=2#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=-1&7006=19100&7036=-1&7001=2200&7002=2&7090=70&7007=2013&7093=levels |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sidoo kale waxay Dallas tahay magaalada ugu koritaanka badan ee wadanka Maraykanka; iyo mid ka mid ah afarta magaalo ee ugu shaqada badan dalkaasi dhexdiisa, (waxaa ka horeeya oo kali ah magaalooyinka [[New York]], [[Los Angeles]] and [[Chicago]])<ref>[http://www.bls.gov/ro6/fax/dfw_ces.htm DFW Area Employment Oct. 2013, US Dept of Labor, December 5, 2013]</ref> [[File:Xvixionx 29 April 2006 Dallas Skyline.jpg|thumb|left|Dhimayaasha ugu dhaadheer magaalada Dallas]] Dhaqaalaha magaalada Dallas wuxuu ku dhisan yahay [[ganacsi]]ga, [[wershad]]aha, [[awood|tamarta]], teknoolojiyada casriga ah, [[banki]]yada, soo saarida koombuyuutarada, isgaadhsiinta, [[caafimaad]]ka iyo [[cilmi]]-baadhista. Waxaana degan magaaladan qaar ka mid ah [[shirkad]]aha ugu waaweyn wadanka Maraykanka, sida "Fortune 500"<ref>Fortune 500: [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/cities/ Cities with 5 or more FORTUNE 500 headquarters] {{Wayback|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/cities/ |date=20230519160142 }} (2010) – Retrieved on May 18, 2010</ref> Waxaa magaaladan loo aqoonsaday wakhtiyada dambe ineey Dallas tahay mid ka mid ah caasimadaha ugu waaweyn dunida, ayadoo ah magaalo caalami ah,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Loughborough University GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2012, January 21, 2014 |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html |access-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 5, 2015 |archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320212149/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo mida 14aad ee ugu GDP sareeysa caalamka.<ref>Handbook of Texas DALLAS, TX, Jackie McElhaney and Michael V. Hazel, April 20, 2006</ref> Magaalada Dallas waxay dhacdaa waqooyiga gobolka Tegsas, waana xarun weyn oo isgaadhsiin [[gaadiid]]ka [[cir]]ka iyo dhulka, waxayna isku xidhaa deegaanada koonfurta gobolkaasi iyo waqooyiga. Intaas waxaa dheer, magaalada Dallas waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah gego diyaarad kuwa mashquulka badan caalamka, halkaasi oo tiro badan oo [[diyaarad]]o ah isku weeydaartaan saacad kasta.<ref>Handbook of Texas, DALLAS, TX, Jackie McElhaney and Michael V. Hazel, April 20, 2006]</ref> ==Taariikhda== Guud ahaan, gobolka [[Tegsas]] eey ku taalo magaalada Dallas waxaa kumanaan sano ku soo noolaa [[Dadka Asalka Ameerika]], [[Hindida Cas]], qabiilo kale oo loo yaqano Kaddo iyo dad kale oo tiro yar. Qiyaastii qarnigii [[15]]aad ayaa waxaa deegaankaasi qabsaday guymaystihii [[Isbayn|boqortooyada Isbayn]] kuwaasi oo deegan ku noqday. Ka dib, badhtamihii qarnigii [[18]]aad ayaa waxa soo gaadhay deegaankaasi dad badan oo ka soo qaxay wadanka [[Faransiiska]] sababo la xidhiidha kacdoonadii ka socday Faransiiska wakhtiyadaasi. [[File:High Five.jpg|thumb|left|Mid ka mid ah isgoysyada ugu caansan magaalada Dallas; isgoyska I-635]] Walool aanu ka tirsanayn dowladii [[Maraykanka]] ee wakhtigaasi, waxaa deegaanka Tegsas intiisa u badan hoostegayeen maamulka dowlada [[Meksiko]] oo goortaasi ka tirsanaa Boqortooyada Isbayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadkii 1819kii ayaa heshiiskii "Adams-Onis" dowlada Maraykanka iyo Isbayn ku kala saxeexdeen in [[Webiga Mississipi]] wixii ka xiga xadka koonfureed ka tirsan yahay maamulka "New Isbayn".<ref>Herbert Eugene Bolton, Athanase de Mezieres and the Louisiana-Texas Frontier 1768–1780, Arthur H Clark Company, 1914, Cleveland</ref> [[File:DFWAirportOverview.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Gegada Diyaaradaha Dallas]] Deegaankaasi wuxu hoostegayay maamulka Isbaanishka ilaa sanadkii 1821kii, goortaasi oo Meksiko ku dhawaaqdey xoriyadeeda. Waxaana lagu xisaabshey in Tegsas ka tirsan tahay wadanka Meksiko. Laakiin sanadkii 1836kii ayaa waxaa soo baxay [[Texas|Jamhuuriyada Tegsas]] oo u badan dad ku hadlayay luuqada [[Ingiriis]]ka, kuwaasi oo xoriyad xoog ah ka qaatey wadanka Meksiko.<ref>Handbook of Texas Republic of Texas, Joseph Milton Nance, September 25, 2006</ref> Sanadkii 1839kii ayaa waxaa indho-indheeyay deegaanka maanta tahay Dallas nin lagu magacaabi jirey Warren Angus Ferris, kaasi oo soo bandhigay in laga dhiso magaalo maadaama deeganku taageerayo dhismaha iyo korodhka deegaan lagu dhaqo bulsho. Ka dib, sanadkii 1841kii ayaa magaca Dallas loo bixiyey deegaankaasi, isla markaana laga taagey dhismihii ugu horeeyay. Jamhuuriyada Tegsas waxay la midoowday wadanka Maraykanka sanadkii 1845kii, goortaasi oo la aasaasay doowlad hoose ee Dallas County. Waxaana caasimad ahaan loo magacaabay Febraayo 2, 1856. Markii la dhisay wadooyinka [[tareen]]ka ayaa waxay magaaladu yeelatay ganacsi aad u koraya iyo wershado isa soo taraayay. Wakhti yar gudaheed waxay magaalda Dallas noqotey xarun ganacsiga iyo dalxiiska aad ugu fiican, midaasi oo soo jiidatay tiro badan oo shacab ah. ==Muuqaalka Magaalada== [[File:Dallas Downtown and Uptown Panorama.jpg|1550px|thumb|center|Muuqaalka farasmagaalaha magaalada Dallas, Tegsas]] [[File:White Rock Lake panorama.jpg|900px|thumb|center|Muuqaal kale magaalada Dallas]] ==Magaalooyinka Maraykanka== {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} ==Tixraac== * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101994089#h=23:0-28:302 How Happy Is City Life? / Culture Made in the United States] {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Magaalooyinka Maraykanka]] ae0yr86tdxvjc2o34nebulst4xpzkoo 0 17379 297494 246165 2026-05-16T23:47:39Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297494 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan magaalada Austin, Texas, Maraykanka. Haku khaldin [[Degmo|Degmada Austin]]'' {{Infobox settlement |name = Awstin, Tegsas |official_name = Caasimada Awstin |settlement_type = [[Caasimad]] |image_skyline = Austin_Evening.jpg |image_caption = Dhismayaasha farasmagaalaha iyo [[Har|Harta Lady Bird]] |image_flag = |image_seal = Seal of Austin, TX.png |image_map = Travis County Austin.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Meesha ka dhacdo gobolka Tegsas |pushpin_map = USA |pushpin_relief = yes |pushpin_label = Austin |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_alt = Map of USA |pushpin_map_caption = Meesha kaga taalo Maraykanka |coordinates_display= inline,title |coordinates_region = USTX |subdivision_type = Wadanka |subdivision_name = Maraykanka |subdivision_type1 = Gobolka |subdivision_name1 = [[Texas]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Degmo]]oyinka |subdivision_name2 = [[Austin, Texas|Travis]], [[Tegsas|Williamson]], [[Texas|Hays]] |government_type = Maamul-gole |leader_title = Duqa-magaalada |leader_name = Kirk Watson |leader_title1 = Maamulka Caasimada |leader_name1 = Spencer Cronk |established_title = La degay |established_date = 1835 |established_title2 = La habeeyay |established_date2 = Diisember 27, 1839 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = US |area_total_sq_mi = 271.8 |area_land_sq_mi = 264.9 |area_water_sq_mi = 6.9 |area_metro_km2 = 11099.91 |population_blank1_title = Bulshada |population_blank1 = Austinite |population_as_of = 2014<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/census-san-marcos-fastest-growing-us-city-again/nmLGM/ |access-date=2015-09-07 |archive-date=2015-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529051926/http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/census-san-marcos-fastest-growing-us-city-again/nmLGM/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_total = 912,791 ([[11]]aad) |population_metro = 1,943,299 ([[35]]aad) |population_density_sq_mi = 3,358.32 |timezone = [[Wakhti|CST]] |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = [[UTC|CDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -5 |elevation_m = 149 |elevation_ft = 489 |latd=30 |latm=15 |lats=0 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=45 |longs=0 |longEW=W |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 78701–78705, 78708–78739, 78741–78742, 78744–78769 |area_code = Area Kodh 512 iyo 737 |website = [http://www.austintexas.gov/ Official website] |blank_name = [[Maraykanka|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 48-05000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=American FactFinder}}</ref> |blank1_name = [[Juquraafi|Astaanta GNIS]] |blank1_info = 1384879<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> |footnotes = }} '''[[Awstin, Tegsas]]''', '''Austin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|s|t|ɨ|n}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔː|s|t|ɨ|n}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|s|t|ɨ|n}}) waa magaalo-madaxda iyo [[caasimad]]a [[gobol]]ka [[Texas]], iyo fadhiga dowlada ee [[Austin, Texas|Degmada Travis&nbsp;]]. Magaalda Awstin waxay ku taalaa badhtamaha gobolka Tegsas waana mida [[11]]aad ee ugu [[dad|shacabka]] badan iyo tan [[4]]aad ee ugu bulshada badan gobolka Tegsas iyo [[Maraykanka|koonfurta Maraykanka]]. Magaalda Awstin waa mida sadexaad ee ugu koritaanka badan wadanka laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2000 ilaa 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Les |last=Christie |title=The fastest growing U.S. cities |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |work=CNNMoney.com |publisher=Cable News Network |date=June 28, 2007 |accessdate=July 24, 2008 |archive-date=Bisha Afraad 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404170946/http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Intaas waxaa u dheer, Austin waa caasimada labaad ee ugu balaadhan wadanka Mareykanka. Kaliya waxaa ka balaadhan caasimada [[Phoenix, Arizona]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0763098.html |title=Top 50 Cities in the U.S. by Population and Rank |publisher=infoplease.com |date= |accessdate=January 27, 2014}}</ref> Tirokoob la sameeyay Luulyo 1, 2014 ayaa lagu ogaaday in caasimada Austin leedahay bulsho dhan 912,791. Caasimadani waa xarun ay ku xidhan yihiin bulsho balaadhan oo gaadhaysa 1,883,051 (tirokoob 2013) waa marka la xisaabiyo Austin iyo nawaaxigeeda ama deegaanada la isku yidhaahdo Austin metropolitan. =Muuqaalka Awstin= [[File:Austin Winter Sunrise.jpg|480px|thumb|center|Dhismayaasha dhaadheer ee Austin, TX kuwaaso ka muuqda qora0x soo bax Zilker Park.]] [[File:360Condos-Dec2008.JPG|500px|thumb|center|Dhismaha 360 Condominiums Tower]] =Magaalooyinka Maraykanka= {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] 54dzr1i0jq5939fc4rbkqwa6i5ch6ri 0 17404 297503 235441 2026-05-17T02:10:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297503 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan magaalada Howston, Tegsas, Maraykanka.'' {{Infobox settlement |name = Howston, Tegsas |official_name = Caasimada Howston |settlement_type = [[Caasimad]] |nickname = <!--DO NOT CHANGE! -->Caasimada Cirka (magaca dowliga), <small>[[Magac|in badan...]]</small><!--Please list unofficial nicknames in Culture section. See discussion on talk page. Thank you. --> |image_skyline = Houston_Images.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Muuqaalka Caasimada Howston. |image_flag = Flag of Houston, Texas.svg |image_seal = |image_map = |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = |image_map1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map=USA |pushpin_map_caption=Meesha kaga taalo Maraykanka |coordinates_region = US-TX |subdivision_type = Wadanka |subdivision_type1 = [[Gobol]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Degmo]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}} |subdivision_name1 = [[Tegsas]] |subdivision_name2 = {{nowrap|[[Harris County, Texas|Harris]], [[Fort Bend County, Texas|Fort&nbsp;Bend]], [[Montgomery County, Texas|Montgomery]]}} |government_type = Duqa-magaalada |governing_body = [[Howston|Golaha Degamada Caasimada Howston]] |leader_title = Duqa-magaalada |leader_name = Annise Parker |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_metro_sq_mi = 10062 |area_total_sq_mi = 627.8 |area_total_km2 = 1625.2 |area_land_km2 = 1552.9 |area_land_sq_mi = 634 |area_water_sq_mi = 27.9 |area_water_km2 = 72.3 |population_footnotes = <ref name ="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 16, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=January 18, 2015|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150118032557/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |population_as_of = [[2010]] |population_total_type = City |population_total = 2,099,451<!-- OFFICIAL CENSUS FIGURES. DO NOT CHANGE UNTIL NEXT CENSUS! --> |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |population_est = 2239558<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=U.S. Census Bureau 2014 Population Estimates for Cities |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |access-date=2015-09-13 |archive-date=2015-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521091454/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_rank = US: [[4]]aad |population_urban = 4944332 <small>([[7]]aad U.S)</small> |population_metro = 6313158 <small>([[5]]aad U.S)</small> |population_note = |population_density_sq_mi = 3,662 |population_density_km2 = 1,414 |population_blank1_title = Bulsho |population_blank1 = Houstonian |timezone = [[Wakhti|CST]] |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = [[UTC|CDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -5 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = Area kodh 281, 346, 713, 832] |latd = 29 |latm = 45 |lats = 46 |latNS = N |longd = 95 |longm = 22 |longs = 59 |longEW =W|coordinates_display=0 |elevation_m = 13 |elevation_ft = 43 |established_title = [[Dowlad|Dowlad Hoose]] |established_date = Juun 5, 1837 |blank_name = [[Maraykanka|FIPS kode]] |blank_info = 48-35000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=American FactFinder}}</ref> |blank1_name = [[USA|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 1380948<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> |website = [http://www.houstontx.gov/ houstontx.gov] |footnotes = }} '''[[Howston]]''', '''Houston''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Houston.ogg|ˈ|h|juː|s|t|ən}} {{respell|HYOO|stən}}) waa [[caasimad]]a ugu [[dad|bulshada]] badan [[gobol]]ka [[Tegsas]] iyo [[USA|Koonfurta Maraykanka]]. Intaasi waxaa dheer, caasimadani waa mida [[4]]aad ee ugu shacabka badan guud ahaan wadanka Maraykanka, taasi oo leh dad dhan [[milyan|2.239 milyan]] (sida lagu sheegay tirokoob ay dowlada dhexe Maraykanku sameeysay sanadkii 2014ka).<ref name="MBermanWashPost05212015">{{cite news |last=Berman |first=Mark |date=May 21, 2015 |title=There are 10 cities in the U.S. with at least 1 million residents |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/05/21/there-are-10-cities-in-the-u-s-with-at-least-1-million-residents/?tid=sm_tw |newspaper=Washington Post |location=Washington, DC |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> Caasimada Howston waxay degan tahay [[dhul]] baaxadiisu dhan tahay [[mitir|599.9 mayl labo-laaban]] (1,553 kilomitir labo-laaban).<ref name="List of United States cities by population">{{Cite web | title = Population Finder | work = American Fact Finder | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | year = 2009 | id = | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=16000US4835000&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US48%7C16000US4835000&_street=&_county=Houston%2C+Tx&_cityTown=Houston2C+Tx&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=link | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | access-date = 2021-08-09 | archive-date = 2011-11-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111102174740/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=16000US4835000&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US48%7C16000US4835000&_street=&_county=Houston%2C+Tx&_cityTown=Houston2C+Tx&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null%C2%AE=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=link | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Sidoo kale waa caasimada ugu balaadhan ee ugu shacabka badan [[USA|Deegaanada Koonfurta Maraykanka]],<ref>{{cite web| title = Census Bureau Regions and Divisions with State FIPS Codes | work= US Census |date=December 2008 | url = http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/pdfs/reference/us_regdiv.pdf | accessdate = December 24, 2014|format=PDF}}</ref> Caasimada Howston waa fadhiga [[dowlad]]a [[degmo|Degmada Harris]] ee koonfurbari gobolka [[Texas]]. Marka lagu daro nawaaxigeeda, Houston metropolitan waa mida [[5]]aad ee ugu shacabka weyn wadanka Maraykanka. Taariikh ahaan caasimada Howston waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1836dii dooxada deegaanda Buffalo Bayou<ref name="Allen's Landing">{{Handbook of Texas | author=Kleiner, D.J | name=Allen's Landing | id=hvabg| retrieved=2007-06-10|date=February 3, 2005}}</ref><ref name=HouHTO>{{cite web|accessdate=June 1, 2008 |url= http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdh03 |title=Houston, Texas |date=January 19, 2008 |author=McComb, David G. |work=Handbook of Texas Online}}</ref> waxaana caasimada leh dowlad-hoose laga dhigey Juun 5, 1837dii. Caasimada Howston waxaa loogu magac daray Jenaraal Sam Houston, kaasi oo [[madaxweyne]] ka ahaan jirey [[Texas|Jamhuuriyada Tegsas]] isla markaana ku guuleystay dagaalkii San Jakinto ee ka dhacay 25 kilomitir bariga meesha ay maanta tahay caasimada Howston. [[Dekad|Dekada dabiiciga]] ah, [[tareen|wado tareenka]] laga dhisey deegaanadaasi, [[wershad]]aha laga aasaasay dhulkaasi iyo helitaanka [[shidaal]]ka sanadkii 1901, ayaa waxay qeyb libaaxle ka qaadatey koritaanka iyo balaadhashada caasimada Howston; taasi oo soo jiidatay bulsho-weynta ku soo ururtey deegaankaasi. Horaantii [[qarni|qarnigii labaatanaad]] waxay Howston noqotey hooyga [[caafimaad|xarunta caafimaadka]] gobolka Tegsas, goobta ugu weyn aduunka ee [[cilmi|machadka cilmi-baadhista Sayniska iyo caafimaadka]], saldhiga weyn ee hay'ada [[Cilmi Falag]]a ee [[NASA]], iyo hooyga Mission Kontrol Senter.<ref>[http://www.texasmedicalcenter.org/NR/rdonlyres/2C814975-2A2B-4AC1-B898-0C424A311C28/0/50YearMasterPlanLowRes2006UpdateV2.pdf Texas Medical Center. (2006). In ''A Vision for Strategic Growth''. September 14, 2010] {{wayback|url=http://www.texasmedicalcenter.org/NR/rdonlyres/2C814975-2A2B-4AC1-B898-0C424A311C28/0/50YearMasterPlanLowRes2006UpdateV2.pdf |date=20150204003508 }}</ref> Dhaqaalaha caasimada Howston wuxuu ku salaysan yahay wax soo saarka [[wershad]]aha, [[awood]]a iyo tamarta, soo saarida alaabta, [[shirkad]]aha caafimaadka, iyo [[gaadiid]]ka. Caasimadani waxay hooy u tahay shirkadaha ugu waaweyn ee caafimaadka, xarumaha shirkadaha waaweyn ee Fortune 500; waxaa magaaladani ka horeeya [[New York]] oo kali ah.<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/ ''Fortune'' 500 2010: Cities] {{Wayback|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/ |date=20110506212133 }} Accessed May 25, 2011</ref><ref name="kearney">{{cite web | title = A.T. Kearney Global Cities Index 2010 | work = A.T. Kearney | accessdate = May 25, 2011 | url = http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/Urban_Elite-GCI_2010.pdf | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = Bisha Sagaalaad 28, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025715/http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/Urban_Elite-GCI_2010.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Intaasi waxaa dheer, [[dekad|Dekeda Howston]] waxay ku jirtaa kuwa ugu heerka sareeya dekedaha wadanka Maraykanka, waana dekad caalami ah oo la tacaasha adeega [[markab|maraakiibta caalamiga]] ah.<ref name="port ranking">{{cite web | title = 2010 Port Industry Statistics, American Association of Port Authorities | url = http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/2010%20U%2ES%2E%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf}}</ref> Guud ahaan, caasimada Howston waxaa lagu naaneysaa magacyo badan kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah ''Caasimada Cirka'' ("Space City"), taasi oo ka turjumeysa duulimaadyada [[cir]]ka ee ay ka fuliso hay'ada [[Cilmi Falag]]a ee [[NASA]]. Sidoo kale, Howston waxaa lagu tiriyaa caasimad caalami ah marka la tixraaco awooda dhaqaale, [[ganacsi]]ga, madadaalada, hidaha iyo dhaqanka, isgaarsiinta wararka, [[saynis]]ka, ciyaaraha, feeshanka, teknoolojiyada, [[waxbarasho|waxbarashada]], daawooyinka iyo [[cilmi]]baadhista. Waxaa caasimadani hooy u tahay noocyo badan oo [[diin|diimaha]] caalamka; iyo bulsho kale oo ka soo jeeda deegaano kala duwan oo aduunka ah. Waxaa lagu sheegaa in Howston tahay maagaalada ugu badan ee leh shacab kala duwan oo ka soo jeeda wadano kala duwan oo dunida ah.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/05/houston-most-diverse_n_1321089.html | work=Huffington Post | title=The Most Diverse City In The Nation Is | date=March 5, 2012}}</ref> Marka laga yimaado [[xeeb]]aha bilicda fiican iyo deegaanka [[cimilo|cimilada]] wacan, caasimada Howston waxay soo jiidataa tiro badan oo dalxiisayaal ah sanad kasta kuwasi oo aad u daneeynaya goobaha hidaha iyo dhaqanka iyo meelaha taariikhiga ah.<ref name = "ikvngd">"{{PDFlink|[http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/20AW005.pdf Museums and Cultural Arts]|31.8&nbsp;KB}}", ''Greater Houston Partnership''. Retrieved on March 21, 2009.</ref> =Muuqaalka Howston= <gallery> File:Discovery green.JPG|Caasimada Howston File:Mission control center.jpg|Xarun ka mid ah xafiisyada hagitaanka ee hay'ada [[NASA]] ku leedahay magaalada Howston File:HMNS.jpg|Xarunta [[Saynis]]ka iyo [[Cilmi]]baadhista ee Howston File:MFA houston.jpg|Xarunta hidaha iyo dhaqanka iyo taariikhda ee Caasimada Howston File:Reliantstadium.jpg|Mid ka mid ah xarumaha ciyaaraha ee Howston File:Houston City Hall-1.jpg|Haalka Caasimada File:Three Eras - Houston.jpg|Dabaqa ugu dheer caasimad Howston </gallery> [[File:Panoramic Houston skyline.jpg|1000px|center|thumb|Caasimada Howston]] [[File:Houston from Sabine Park.jpg|1000px|center|thumb|Farasmagaalka Howston]] [[File:Uptown Houston.jpg|1000px|center|thumb|Dhismayaasha ugu cajabsan]] [[File:Skyline of the Texas Medical Center - Houston, TX.jpg|1000px|center|thumb|Caasimada Howston]] =Magaalooyinka Maraykanka= {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Ameerika]] [[Category:Magaalo]] [[Category:Dad]] nike7rmbg3sv355ida7kp9zi4zwwbbg 0 18112 297501 285421 2026-05-17T02:05:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi | image = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1976}} | birth_place = [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], [[Libyan Arab Republic]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Akadamiga Carabta ee Sayniska iyo Tignoolajiyada iyo Gaadiidka Badda]]<br/>[[Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Copenhagen]] | spouse = {{Marriage|Aline Skaf|2003}} | children = 3 (+1 deceased) | parents = [[Muammar Gaddafi]] (father)<br/>[[Safia Farkash]] (hooyo) }} '''Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi''' ([[Carabi]]: هانيبال معمر القذافي , romanized : Hānībāl al-Qaḏḏāfī ; dhashay 1976) waa wiilka shanaad ee uu dhalay hogaamiyihii hore ee Liibiya Mucamar Qadaafi iyo xaaskiisa labaad, Safiya Farkash . ==Taariikh nololeedka== Qadaafi waxa uu ku dhashay Tripoli 1976. Waxa uu bilaabay shaqadiisa badda isaga oo ku biiray Akademiyada Mariniska ee Daraasaadka Badaha, Liibiya 1993dii isaga oo kaadeer ah . Waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay 1999 isaga oo ah sarkaal ilaalin ah oo haysta shahaado BSc ee hagidda badda Wax yar ka dib qalin-jabinta, Qadaafi wuxuu bilaabay shaqadiisa badda isagoo raacay maraakiibta kala duwan ee Shirkadda Gaadiidka Badda ee Qaranka (GNMTC) ee Liibiya. Waxa uu si guul leh ku helay sarkaalka guud ee isku dhafka ah iyo shahaadada Master Mariner ee akadeemiyada badda ee Sayniska, Tignoolajiyada iyo Gaadiidka Badda ee Alexandria ee 2003. Qadaafi wuxuu ahaa la taliyihii ugu horreeyay ee Guddiga Maareynta ee GNMTC Waxaa loo magacaabay jagadan 2007, markii uu shahaadada MBA ee dhaqaalaha dhoofinta iyo saadka ka qaatay Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Copenhagen . ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2008dii, mas'uuliyiinta Swiss-ku waxay xireen Qadaafi iyo xaaskiisa, Aline Skaf, iyagoo lagu eedeeyay "dhaawac jireed, hab-dhaqan hanjabaad iyo qasab, ka dib dhacdo ay ku lug lahaayeen laba shaqaale oo ka tirsan hoteelka Gaddafi ee Geneva . Eedeymahaas ayaa markii dambe meesha laga saaray, balse waxaa xumaaday xiriirka Liibiya iyo Switzerland . Sannadkii 2009, laba muwaadin oo Swiss ah, Max Goeldi iyo Rachid Hamdani, ayaa lagu xidhay Liibiya; Dowladda Switzerland ayaa sheegtay in xarigaasi uu ahaa mid looga aargoosanayay xariggii Qadaafi Sidoo kale sanadkii 2008, Qadaafi wuxuu lumiyay dacwad uu Danmark u keenay oo ka dhan ah wargeyska Danishka ee Ekstra Bladet . Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sannadkii 2005-tii uu Qadaafi oo markaas arday ka ahaa Copenhagen uu agaasimay afduubka iyo garaacista muwaadin Liibiyaan ah oo ka dhacay guriga qunsulka Liibiya ee Gentofte . Qadaafi ayaa ku guul daraystay in uu horyimaado maxkamada si uu u soo bandhigo dhinaciisa dacwada,waxana maxkamada ay xukuntay in cadaymaha la helay ay taageerayaan qaabka uu Ekstra Bladet u sameeyay Sannadkii 2009-kii, booliis ayaa looga yeeray Huteelka Claridge ee London si looga jawaabo warbixinada qof dumar ah oo qeylinayay. Markii ay yimaadeen, qolka ayaa la xiray, waxaana la xiray saddex askari oo ilaalo u ahaa in ay is-hortaagaan gudaha. Xaaska Qadaafi ayaa laga helay qolka oo aad u dhiigbaxday, waxaana lagu qaaday Ambalaasta Isbitaalka halkaasoo lagu daweynayo dhaawac ka soo gaaray wajiga. ===Duulimaad ka yimid Liibiya=== 29kii Agoosto ka dib markii ay fallaagadu soo galeen Tripoli , Qadaafi iyo xaaskiisa waxay ka qaxeen Liibiya oo ay aadeen Aljeeriya iyaga iyo xubnaha kale ee qoyska Qadaafi Bishii Oktoobar 2012 waxay ka tageen meel Aljeeriya ah si ay u aadaan Cumaan , halkaas oo magangelyo siyaasadeed laga siiyay . Kadib wuxuu u guuray Shaam isaga iyo xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisii Shweyga Mullah, oo ah gabadh Xabashi ah oo daryeelaysay gabadha yar ee lamaanaha ah iyo wiilkeeda, ayaa fallaagada waxay ka heleen iyada oo laga tagay qol ku yaal mid ka mid ah guryaha filasha raaxda ah ee qoyska ee galbeedka Tripoli. Waxay ku andacootay in Aline Skaf ay geysay musqul, kadibna ay xirtay, afka ka duubtay, kadibna ay bilowday inay madaxa ku shubto biyo karkaraya, ka dib markii ay caro ka qaaday markii Mullah uu diiday inuu garaaco gabadheeda oo ooynaysa. Dabadeed Mullah waxaa loo diiday hurdo, cunto iyo biyo saddex maalmood. Mid kale oo ka tirsan shaqaalaha oo magaciisa ka gaabsaday, ayaa xaqiijiyay sheekada Mullah, wuxuuna sheegay in si joogto ah loo garaaci jiray oo mindiyo lagu jarjaray. ===Maxaabiistii Lubnaan=== 11-kii Diseembar 2015, Hannibal waxaa lagu afduubay oo lagu hayo Lubnaan koox hubaysan oo dalbanaysa macluumaad ku saabsan waayitaanka Shiicada Imaam Musa al-Sadr , Sheikh Muhammad Yaacub, iyo wariye Abbas Badreddine, laakiin markii dambe ayaa lagu sii daayay magaalada Zahlé . Kadib markii laga sii daayay afduubkiisa, waxaa amar lagu soo xirayo Hannibal ay soo saartay dowladda Lubnaan taasoo ku aadaneyd maqnaanshaha al-Sadr, waana la xiray. Codsi ay dowladda Suuriya ku doonaysay in ay dib ugu celiso Qadaafi iyada oo ku eedaysay in uu Qadaafi yahay qaxooti siyaasadeed ayaa waxaa diiday dawladda Lubnaan, iyada oo ku andacoonaysa in uu yahay nin aad looga raadinayo Lubnaan oo uu qariyay xog la xidhiidha waayitaanka al-Sadr Bishii Agoosto 2016, qoyska al-Sadr ayaa gudbiyay dacwad ka dhan ah Qadaafi oo ku saabsan doorkii uu ku lahaa waayitaanka Imaamka inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in Sadr la waayay 1978-kii markii uu Hannibal ahaa laba sano. Sannadkii 2019, Ruushka, oo xiriir dhow la yeeshay Hannibal walaalkiis ka weyn ee Saif al-Islam , ayaa lagu eedeeyay inuu riixay sii deynta Hannibal oo uu magangelyo ka siiyay Moscow. Hannibal waxa uu soo qaatay xaqiiqda ah in uu saddex sano jir ahaa wakhtiga dhacdada si uu u caddeeyo in aanu dambi lahayn. Waxa kale oo uu sheegay in Aabihii Mucammar aanu la kulmin Sadr bishii August 1978-kii isagoo ku sugan magaalada Sirta . Taa beddelkeeda, Sadr iyo wafdigiisa waxaa magaalada Tripoli ku qaabilay ra'iisul wasaaraha Liibiya Abdessalam Jalloud Hannibal wuxuu ku andacoodey in Jalloud, iyo Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam ay ahaayeen dadka kaliya ee nool ee wax ka ogaa maqnaanshaha Sadar. Walaalkiis ka weyn Saif al-Islam ayaa daaha gadaashiisa ka wada xaajoonaya siideyntiisa dhex dhexaadiyayaal, oo uu ku jiro ganacsade Lubnaani ah Mohammed Jamil Derbah (oo hore u ahaa saaxiibkii hore ee burcad British ah John Palmer ), u ololeeyaha Faransiiska iyo Aljeeriya Tayeb Benabderrahmane, iyo ganacsade Faransiis-Iraqi ah Souha al-Bedri. Dhowr dowladood oo ajnabi ah, oo uu ku jiro Turkiga, ayaa sidoo kale u ololeynayay sii deynta Hannibal, laakiin dadaalkooda waxaa hor istaagay heerkii ugu sarreeyay ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Amal ee Shiicadu u badan tahay iyo Xisbullah Dhowr saaxiibo ah oo madaxweynihii hore ee Faransiiska Nicolas Sarkozy , oo ay ku jiraan paparazzi Michèle Marchand iyo ganacsade Noël Dubus, ayaa lagu eedeeyay in ay ku lug lahaayeen shirqool lagu sii daayay Hannibal si loogu beddelo markhaatiga Hannibal ee lagu xalinayo Sarkozy ee lagu eedeeyay maalgelinta Liibiya ee fadeexaddii doorashadii Faransiiska ee 2007 BBC ayaa sheegtay bishii Juun 2023 in Hannibal uu cuntada ka soomay si uu uga mudaaharaado muddada dheer ee lagu hayo Lubnaan Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah qareennadiisa, Hannibal waxa uu leeyahay "muruqihiisa, gacmaha iyo lugaha, dawakhaad iyo madax-xanuun, iyo dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo hore ee laf dhabarta iyo miskaha ayaa xumaaday" sababtoo ah cunto-joojintiisa 22 Juun 2023, Hannibal waxaa la dhigay cusbitaal ku yaal Lubnaan ka dib laba toddobaad oo cunto-joojin ah 2 Luulyo 2023, Hannibal ayaa la sheegay in mar kale la dhigay isbitaal ka dib markii uu hoos u dhac weyni ku yimid heerka sonkorta dhiigga Bishii Janaayo 2024, Human Rights Watch (HRW) ayaa ugu baaqday Lubnaan inay sii deyso Hannibal Gaddafi, iyadoo sheegtay inuu "dambiyo been abuur ah" lagu hayo muddo siddeed sano ah. Oktoobar 17, 2025, maxkamadaha Lubnaan ayaa amar ku bixiyay in la sii daayo Hannibal Gaddafi, oo u xirnaa muddo toban sano ah maxkamad la'aan, dammaanad dhan 11 milyan oo doolar. ===Nolosha gaarka ah=== Qadaafi waxa uu guursaday 2003dii, Aline Skaf, oo ah masiixiyad Lubnaani ah oo hore u ahaan jirtay moodka dharka, oo uu u leeyahay saddex carruur ah. Ilmo kale, Carthage Hannibal (wuxuu dhashay 2 Agoosto 2008), ayaa lagu dilay weerar bambaano oo lagu qaaday guriga qoyska 30kii Abriil 2011. Iyadoo Hannibal Gaddafi uu ku xiran yahay Lubnaan, xaaskiisa Aline ayaa ku nool Dimishiq iyada iyo carruurtooda. Bishii Janaayo 2021, waxaa looga shakiyay inay baabuurkeeda ku jiidhay bilayska iyo dad lugeynayay weerar jidgal ah oo ka dhacay Dimishiq. ==Tixraac== [https://www.mosaiquefm.net/amp/fr/actualites-internationales/1470303/liban-hannibal-kadhafi-libere-sous-caution [https://www.mosaiquefm.net/amp/fr/actualites-internationales/1470303/liban-hannibal-kadhafi-libere-sous-caution] [https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190205-gaddafis-son-reveals-details-about-his-abduction-from-syria/ "Wiilkii Qadaafi oo shaaca ka qaaday tafaasiil ku saabsan afduubkiisa Suuriya – Middle East Monitor"] [https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190205-gaddafis-son-reveals-details-about-his-abduction-from-syria/ "Wiilkii Qadaafi Oo Faah Faahin Ka Bixiyay Afduubkii Loo Gaystay Suuriya"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928150500/http://www.gnmtc.com/default.php?pname=ManagementBoard&la=1 "Shirkadda Gaadiidka Badda ee Qaranka"] [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-swiss-idUSTRE7250VF20110306 "Swiss waxay dooneysaa in baaritaan lagu sameeyo dadka Liibiya lagu hayo"] [https://world.time.com/2013/04/03/muammar-gaddafis-daughter-thrown-out-of-algeria-after-starting-fires-in-safe-house/ "Gabadh uu dhalay Mucamar Al-Qadaafi oo laga tuuray dalka Aljeeriya ka dib markii ay dab ka bilowday guri ammaan ah"] {{Wayback|url=https://world.time.com/2013/04/03/muammar-gaddafis-daughter-thrown-out-of-algeria-after-starting-fires-in-safe-house/ |date=20230104110909 }} [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/6911392/Col-Gadaffis-son-in-hotel-room-row-which-sees-wife-injured-and-bodyguards-arrested.html "Wiilkii Col Gadaffi oo isku haya qol hotel oo arkay xaaskiisa oo dhaawac ah iyo ilaaladiisa oo la xiray"] [https://www.voanews.com/a/aid-sought-for-alleged-gadhafi-torture-victim--129138853/144727.html "Aid Ayaa Loo Baahan Yahay Dhibbanaha Jirdilka Ah Ee Qadaafi"] [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hannibal-gaddafi-lebanon-officials-issue-arrest-warrant-son-former-libyan-dictator-1533335 "Hannibal Gaddafi: Saraakiisha Lubnaan ayaa soo saaray amar lagu soo xirayo wiil uu dhalay kaligii-taliyihii hore ee Liibiya] [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-35074083 "Ina Qadaafi Hannibal waa la sii daayay ka dib markii laga afduubay Lubnaan"] [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hannibal-gaddafi-lebanon-officials-issue-arrest-warrant-son-former-libyan-dictator-1533335 "Hannibal Gaddafi: Saraakiisha Lubnaan ayaa soo saaray amar lagu soo xirayo wiil uu dhalay kaligii-taliyihii hore ee Liibiya] [https://www.timesofisrael.com/lebanon-denies-syria-request-to-hand-over-gaddafi-son/ "Lubnaan waxa ay diiday codsigii Suuriya ee ahaa in loo soo gacan geliyo wiilka Qadaafi"] [http://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/news/hannibal-gaddafi-949895610 "Moscow ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay dooneysay inay wiilka Qadaafi ka soo kaxeyso xabsiga Lubnaan"] [http://en.abna24.com/service/middle-east-west-asia/archive/2016/08/30/775621/story.html "Qoyska Imaam Muuse Sadr Oo Dacwad Ka Gudbiyey Wiilkii Qadaafi"] [https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/colonel-gaddafi-libya-hannibal-saif-al-islam-lebanon-musa-al-sadr-a8756371.html "Fikirka: Tani waa tii ku dhacday qoyska Qadaafi ka dib markii uu burburay taliskii Liibiya"] [https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/france/091121/revealed-extraordinary-plan-free-one-gaddafis-sons-bid-help-sarkozy "Waxa la kashifay: qorshaha aan caadiga ahayn ee lagu sii dayn lahaa mid ka mid ah wiilasha Qadaafi si loo caawiyo Sarkozy"] [https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/101222/libyan-diplomat-faces-paris-probe-over-operation-save-sarko-over-election-funding-affair Diblomaasi Liibiyaan ah ayaa wajahaya baaritaanka Paris ee ku saabsan howlgalka lagu badbaadinayo Sarko ee arrimaha maalgelinta doorashada”] [https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hannibal-gaddafi-moved-hospital-critical-condition-lebanon-tv-2023-07-02/ Hannibal Qadaafi wuxuu u guuray isbitaal isagoo 'xaalad halis ah' ku leh Lubnaan, Al-Hadath TV ayaa sheegay] [https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/01/16/lebanon-gaddafi-son-wrongfully-held-8-years "Lubnaan: Wiil Qadaafi Si Qaldan Loogu Haysto 8 Sano | Human Rights Watch] [https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2780421/gaddafi%E2%80%99s-daughter-law-claims-damascus-incident-was-attempted-kidnap "Gabadha uu soddog u yahay Qadaafi waxay sheegtay in Dhacdada Dimishiq ay ahayd isku day afduub"]{{Reflist}} pwjkl5u64y1dh7g52xx4uq5r3fi4egb 297502 297501 2026-05-17T02:05:08Z KiranBOT 41360 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.9s 297502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi | image = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1976}} | birth_place = [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], [[Libyan Arab Republic]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Akadamiga Carabta ee Sayniska iyo Tignoolajiyada iyo Gaadiidka Badda]]<br/>[[Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Copenhagen]] | spouse = {{Marriage|Aline Skaf|2003}} | children = 3 (+1 deceased) | parents = [[Muammar Gaddafi]] (father)<br/>[[Safia Farkash]] (hooyo) }} '''Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi''' ([[Carabi]]: هانيبال معمر القذافي , romanized : Hānībāl al-Qaḏḏāfī ; dhashay 1976) waa wiilka shanaad ee uu dhalay hogaamiyihii hore ee Liibiya Mucamar Qadaafi iyo xaaskiisa labaad, Safiya Farkash . ==Taariikh nololeedka== Qadaafi waxa uu ku dhashay Tripoli 1976. Waxa uu bilaabay shaqadiisa badda isaga oo ku biiray Akademiyada Mariniska ee Daraasaadka Badaha, Liibiya 1993dii isaga oo kaadeer ah . Waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay 1999 isaga oo ah sarkaal ilaalin ah oo haysta shahaado BSc ee hagidda badda Wax yar ka dib qalin-jabinta, Qadaafi wuxuu bilaabay shaqadiisa badda isagoo raacay maraakiibta kala duwan ee Shirkadda Gaadiidka Badda ee Qaranka (GNMTC) ee Liibiya. Waxa uu si guul leh ku helay sarkaalka guud ee isku dhafka ah iyo shahaadada Master Mariner ee akadeemiyada badda ee Sayniska, Tignoolajiyada iyo Gaadiidka Badda ee Alexandria ee 2003. Qadaafi wuxuu ahaa la taliyihii ugu horreeyay ee Guddiga Maareynta ee GNMTC Waxaa loo magacaabay jagadan 2007, markii uu shahaadada MBA ee dhaqaalaha dhoofinta iyo saadka ka qaatay Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Copenhagen . ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2008dii, mas'uuliyiinta Swiss-ku waxay xireen Qadaafi iyo xaaskiisa, Aline Skaf, iyagoo lagu eedeeyay "dhaawac jireed, hab-dhaqan hanjabaad iyo qasab, ka dib dhacdo ay ku lug lahaayeen laba shaqaale oo ka tirsan hoteelka Gaddafi ee Geneva . Eedeymahaas ayaa markii dambe meesha laga saaray, balse waxaa xumaaday xiriirka Liibiya iyo Switzerland . Sannadkii 2009, laba muwaadin oo Swiss ah, Max Goeldi iyo Rachid Hamdani, ayaa lagu xidhay Liibiya; Dowladda Switzerland ayaa sheegtay in xarigaasi uu ahaa mid looga aargoosanayay xariggii Qadaafi Sidoo kale sanadkii 2008, Qadaafi wuxuu lumiyay dacwad uu Danmark u keenay oo ka dhan ah wargeyska Danishka ee Ekstra Bladet . Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sannadkii 2005-tii uu Qadaafi oo markaas arday ka ahaa Copenhagen uu agaasimay afduubka iyo garaacista muwaadin Liibiyaan ah oo ka dhacay guriga qunsulka Liibiya ee Gentofte . Qadaafi ayaa ku guul daraystay in uu horyimaado maxkamada si uu u soo bandhigo dhinaciisa dacwada,waxana maxkamada ay xukuntay in cadaymaha la helay ay taageerayaan qaabka uu Ekstra Bladet u sameeyay Sannadkii 2009-kii, booliis ayaa looga yeeray Huteelka Claridge ee London si looga jawaabo warbixinada qof dumar ah oo qeylinayay. Markii ay yimaadeen, qolka ayaa la xiray, waxaana la xiray saddex askari oo ilaalo u ahaa in ay is-hortaagaan gudaha. Xaaska Qadaafi ayaa laga helay qolka oo aad u dhiigbaxday, waxaana lagu qaaday Ambalaasta Isbitaalka halkaasoo lagu daweynayo dhaawac ka soo gaaray wajiga. ===Duulimaad ka yimid Liibiya=== 29kii Agoosto ka dib markii ay fallaagadu soo galeen Tripoli , Qadaafi iyo xaaskiisa waxay ka qaxeen Liibiya oo ay aadeen Aljeeriya iyaga iyo xubnaha kale ee qoyska Qadaafi Bishii Oktoobar 2012 waxay ka tageen meel Aljeeriya ah si ay u aadaan Cumaan , halkaas oo magangelyo siyaasadeed laga siiyay . Kadib wuxuu u guuray Shaam isaga iyo xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisii Shweyga Mullah, oo ah gabadh Xabashi ah oo daryeelaysay gabadha yar ee lamaanaha ah iyo wiilkeeda, ayaa fallaagada waxay ka heleen iyada oo laga tagay qol ku yaal mid ka mid ah guryaha filasha raaxda ah ee qoyska ee galbeedka Tripoli. Waxay ku andacootay in Aline Skaf ay geysay musqul, kadibna ay xirtay, afka ka duubtay, kadibna ay bilowday inay madaxa ku shubto biyo karkaraya, ka dib markii ay caro ka qaaday markii Mullah uu diiday inuu garaaco gabadheeda oo ooynaysa. Dabadeed Mullah waxaa loo diiday hurdo, cunto iyo biyo saddex maalmood. Mid kale oo ka tirsan shaqaalaha oo magaciisa ka gaabsaday, ayaa xaqiijiyay sheekada Mullah, wuxuuna sheegay in si joogto ah loo garaaci jiray oo mindiyo lagu jarjaray. ===Maxaabiistii Lubnaan=== 11-kii Diseembar 2015, Hannibal waxaa lagu afduubay oo lagu hayo Lubnaan koox hubaysan oo dalbanaysa macluumaad ku saabsan waayitaanka Shiicada Imaam Musa al-Sadr , Sheikh Muhammad Yaacub, iyo wariye Abbas Badreddine, laakiin markii dambe ayaa lagu sii daayay magaalada Zahlé . Kadib markii laga sii daayay afduubkiisa, waxaa amar lagu soo xirayo Hannibal ay soo saartay dowladda Lubnaan taasoo ku aadaneyd maqnaanshaha al-Sadr, waana la xiray. Codsi ay dowladda Suuriya ku doonaysay in ay dib ugu celiso Qadaafi iyada oo ku eedaysay in uu Qadaafi yahay qaxooti siyaasadeed ayaa waxaa diiday dawladda Lubnaan, iyada oo ku andacoonaysa in uu yahay nin aad looga raadinayo Lubnaan oo uu qariyay xog la xidhiidha waayitaanka al-Sadr Bishii Agoosto 2016, qoyska al-Sadr ayaa gudbiyay dacwad ka dhan ah Qadaafi oo ku saabsan doorkii uu ku lahaa waayitaanka Imaamka inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in Sadr la waayay 1978-kii markii uu Hannibal ahaa laba sano. Sannadkii 2019, Ruushka, oo xiriir dhow la yeeshay Hannibal walaalkiis ka weyn ee Saif al-Islam , ayaa lagu eedeeyay inuu riixay sii deynta Hannibal oo uu magangelyo ka siiyay Moscow. Hannibal waxa uu soo qaatay xaqiiqda ah in uu saddex sano jir ahaa wakhtiga dhacdada si uu u caddeeyo in aanu dambi lahayn. Waxa kale oo uu sheegay in Aabihii Mucammar aanu la kulmin Sadr bishii August 1978-kii isagoo ku sugan magaalada Sirta . Taa beddelkeeda, Sadr iyo wafdigiisa waxaa magaalada Tripoli ku qaabilay ra'iisul wasaaraha Liibiya Abdessalam Jalloud Hannibal wuxuu ku andacoodey in Jalloud, iyo Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam ay ahaayeen dadka kaliya ee nool ee wax ka ogaa maqnaanshaha Sadar. Walaalkiis ka weyn Saif al-Islam ayaa daaha gadaashiisa ka wada xaajoonaya siideyntiisa dhex dhexaadiyayaal, oo uu ku jiro ganacsade Lubnaani ah Mohammed Jamil Derbah (oo hore u ahaa saaxiibkii hore ee burcad British ah John Palmer ), u ololeeyaha Faransiiska iyo Aljeeriya Tayeb Benabderrahmane, iyo ganacsade Faransiis-Iraqi ah Souha al-Bedri. Dhowr dowladood oo ajnabi ah, oo uu ku jiro Turkiga, ayaa sidoo kale u ololeynayay sii deynta Hannibal, laakiin dadaalkooda waxaa hor istaagay heerkii ugu sarreeyay ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Amal ee Shiicadu u badan tahay iyo Xisbullah Dhowr saaxiibo ah oo madaxweynihii hore ee Faransiiska Nicolas Sarkozy , oo ay ku jiraan paparazzi Michèle Marchand iyo ganacsade Noël Dubus, ayaa lagu eedeeyay in ay ku lug lahaayeen shirqool lagu sii daayay Hannibal si loogu beddelo markhaatiga Hannibal ee lagu xalinayo Sarkozy ee lagu eedeeyay maalgelinta Liibiya ee fadeexaddii doorashadii Faransiiska ee 2007 BBC ayaa sheegtay bishii Juun 2023 in Hannibal uu cuntada ka soomay si uu uga mudaaharaado muddada dheer ee lagu hayo Lubnaan Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah qareennadiisa, Hannibal waxa uu leeyahay "muruqihiisa, gacmaha iyo lugaha, dawakhaad iyo madax-xanuun, iyo dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo hore ee laf dhabarta iyo miskaha ayaa xumaaday" sababtoo ah cunto-joojintiisa 22 Juun 2023, Hannibal waxaa la dhigay cusbitaal ku yaal Lubnaan ka dib laba toddobaad oo cunto-joojin ah 2 Luulyo 2023, Hannibal ayaa la sheegay in mar kale la dhigay isbitaal ka dib markii uu hoos u dhac weyni ku yimid heerka sonkorta dhiigga Bishii Janaayo 2024, Human Rights Watch (HRW) ayaa ugu baaqday Lubnaan inay sii deyso Hannibal Gaddafi, iyadoo sheegtay inuu "dambiyo been abuur ah" lagu hayo muddo siddeed sano ah. Oktoobar 17, 2025, maxkamadaha Lubnaan ayaa amar ku bixiyay in la sii daayo Hannibal Gaddafi, oo u xirnaa muddo toban sano ah maxkamad la'aan, dammaanad dhan 11 milyan oo doolar. ===Nolosha gaarka ah=== Qadaafi waxa uu guursaday 2003dii, Aline Skaf, oo ah masiixiyad Lubnaani ah oo hore u ahaan jirtay moodka dharka, oo uu u leeyahay saddex carruur ah. Ilmo kale, Carthage Hannibal (wuxuu dhashay 2 Agoosto 2008), ayaa lagu dilay weerar bambaano oo lagu qaaday guriga qoyska 30kii Abriil 2011. Iyadoo Hannibal Gaddafi uu ku xiran yahay Lubnaan, xaaskiisa Aline ayaa ku nool Dimishiq iyada iyo carruurtooda. Bishii Janaayo 2021, waxaa looga shakiyay inay baabuurkeeda ku jiidhay bilayska iyo dad lugeynayay weerar jidgal ah oo ka dhacay Dimishiq. ==Tixraac== [https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/actualites-internationales/1470303/liban-hannibal-kadhafi-libere-sous-caution [https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/actualites-internationales/1470303/liban-hannibal-kadhafi-libere-sous-caution] [https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190205-gaddafis-son-reveals-details-about-his-abduction-from-syria/ "Wiilkii Qadaafi oo shaaca ka qaaday tafaasiil ku saabsan afduubkiisa Suuriya – Middle East Monitor"] [https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190205-gaddafis-son-reveals-details-about-his-abduction-from-syria/ "Wiilkii Qadaafi Oo Faah Faahin Ka Bixiyay Afduubkii Loo Gaystay Suuriya"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928150500/http://www.gnmtc.com/default.php?pname=ManagementBoard&la=1 "Shirkadda Gaadiidka Badda ee Qaranka"] [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-swiss-idUSTRE7250VF20110306 "Swiss waxay dooneysaa in baaritaan lagu sameeyo dadka Liibiya lagu hayo"] [https://world.time.com/2013/04/03/muammar-gaddafis-daughter-thrown-out-of-algeria-after-starting-fires-in-safe-house/ "Gabadh uu dhalay Mucamar Al-Qadaafi oo laga tuuray dalka Aljeeriya ka dib markii ay dab ka bilowday guri ammaan ah"] {{Wayback|url=https://world.time.com/2013/04/03/muammar-gaddafis-daughter-thrown-out-of-algeria-after-starting-fires-in-safe-house/ |date=20230104110909 }} [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/6911392/Col-Gadaffis-son-in-hotel-room-row-which-sees-wife-injured-and-bodyguards-arrested.html "Wiilkii Col Gadaffi oo isku haya qol hotel oo arkay xaaskiisa oo dhaawac ah iyo ilaaladiisa oo la xiray"] [https://www.voanews.com/a/aid-sought-for-alleged-gadhafi-torture-victim--129138853/144727.html "Aid Ayaa Loo Baahan Yahay Dhibbanaha Jirdilka Ah Ee Qadaafi"] [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hannibal-gaddafi-lebanon-officials-issue-arrest-warrant-son-former-libyan-dictator-1533335 "Hannibal Gaddafi: Saraakiisha Lubnaan ayaa soo saaray amar lagu soo xirayo wiil uu dhalay kaligii-taliyihii hore ee Liibiya] [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-35074083 "Ina Qadaafi Hannibal waa la sii daayay ka dib markii laga afduubay Lubnaan"] [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hannibal-gaddafi-lebanon-officials-issue-arrest-warrant-son-former-libyan-dictator-1533335 "Hannibal Gaddafi: Saraakiisha Lubnaan ayaa soo saaray amar lagu soo xirayo wiil uu dhalay kaligii-taliyihii hore ee Liibiya] [https://www.timesofisrael.com/lebanon-denies-syria-request-to-hand-over-gaddafi-son/ "Lubnaan waxa ay diiday codsigii Suuriya ee ahaa in loo soo gacan geliyo wiilka Qadaafi"] [http://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/news/hannibal-gaddafi-949895610 "Moscow ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay dooneysay inay wiilka Qadaafi ka soo kaxeyso xabsiga Lubnaan"] [http://en.abna24.com/service/middle-east-west-asia/archive/2016/08/30/775621/story.html "Qoyska Imaam Muuse Sadr Oo Dacwad Ka Gudbiyey Wiilkii Qadaafi"] [https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/colonel-gaddafi-libya-hannibal-saif-al-islam-lebanon-musa-al-sadr-a8756371.html "Fikirka: Tani waa tii ku dhacday qoyska Qadaafi ka dib markii uu burburay taliskii Liibiya"] [https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/france/091121/revealed-extraordinary-plan-free-one-gaddafis-sons-bid-help-sarkozy "Waxa la kashifay: qorshaha aan caadiga ahayn ee lagu sii dayn lahaa mid ka mid ah wiilasha Qadaafi si loo caawiyo Sarkozy"] [https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/101222/libyan-diplomat-faces-paris-probe-over-operation-save-sarko-over-election-funding-affair Diblomaasi Liibiyaan ah ayaa wajahaya baaritaanka Paris ee ku saabsan howlgalka lagu badbaadinayo Sarko ee arrimaha maalgelinta doorashada”] [https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hannibal-gaddafi-moved-hospital-critical-condition-lebanon-tv-2023-07-02/ Hannibal Qadaafi wuxuu u guuray isbitaal isagoo 'xaalad halis ah' ku leh Lubnaan, Al-Hadath TV ayaa sheegay] [https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/01/16/lebanon-gaddafi-son-wrongfully-held-8-years "Lubnaan: Wiil Qadaafi Si Qaldan Loogu Haysto 8 Sano | Human Rights Watch] [https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2780421/gaddafi%E2%80%99s-daughter-law-claims-damascus-incident-was-attempted-kidnap "Gabadha uu soddog u yahay Qadaafi waxay sheegtay in Dhacdada Dimishiq ay ahayd isku day afduub"]{{Reflist}} 5nle8ptnbty76bgogwsxbr7x20xxlja 0 19170 297516 244550 2026-05-17T05:04:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cargo loading, Operation Deep Freeze 2007 070208-N-4868G-323.JPEG|thumb|Shaqaale alaab ka dajinaya wiish]] '''Shaqaale''' ({{lang-ar|عامل}}, {{lang-en|blue-collar worker}}) waa qofka shaqo cayiman qabta si uu u helo joornaati ama qarash lacageed oo awal lagu heshiiyay, kaasoo u dhigma shaqada uu qabtay oo ahaan karta shaqo warshad laga shaqeeyay ama ka ballaaran sida mashruuc oo kale, qofkaas waa mid ama unug  ka mida wax soo saarka mashruucaas ama warshadaas. ==Shaqo== [[File:"Boy^ Did we do a day's work^ They give the job all they've got" - NARA - 513983.jpg|thumb|shaqo]] [[Shaqo]] waa heerka darajada qof kaga jiro bulshada taasi oo ah howsha qofkaasi ka shaqeeyo si uu u hello [[mishahar]] (abaalmarin) ku maareeyo ama taageero baahida nolosha maalinle.<ref>Office for National Statistics - [http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/previous-foi-requests/employment-and-labour-market/list-of-all-the-occupations-noted-in-the-uk/index.html FOI Request: List of all the occupations noted in the UK]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} published by [[The Crown]] 2015 [Retrieved 2015-12-06]</ref> ==Hordhac== Shaqadu waa waajibaadka saaran qof ka mid ah [[bulsho|bulshada]] taasi oo abaalmarin lacag ah qofkaasi ka qaato ama faa'iido nooc kale ah ugu jirto. Tusaale, [[macalin]]ku wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa [[dugsi]]ga halkaasi oo uu [[bare|wax ku baro]] ardey.<ref>Office for National Statistics - [http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/previous-foi-requests/employment-and-labour-market/list-of-all-the-occupations-noted-in-the-uk/index.html FOI Request: List of all the occupations noted in the UK]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} published by [[The Crown]] 2015 [Retrieved 2015-12-06]</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Howl]] * [[Shaqo]] * [[Bulsho|Qeybaha bulshada]] ==Xigasho== {{reflist}} [[Category:Shaqo]] [[Category:Bulsho]] 5mn5ljdwsyqw4q5s48u6232jtgbath8 0 20602 297499 207633 2026-05-17T01:32:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Dugsiga Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyada Abaarso</br>Abaarso School of Science and Technology | native_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | logo = | motto = | established = 2008 | closed = | type = Dugsi madaxbanaan, dugsi ardeydu degan tahay (boarding) | status = | category_label = | category = | gender_label = | gender = | affiliation = | affiliations = | administrator = | president = | chairman_label = | chairman = | rector = | principal = | campus_director = | headmaster =James Linville | head_name = Gudoomiye | head = | head_name2 = Maamule | head2 = | dean = | founder =Jonathan Starr | chaplain = | officer_in_charge = | faculty = | teaching_staff = | enrollment = 218 | grades_label = | grades = 7–12 | streetaddress = [[Abaarso]] | city = [[Hargeysa]] | state = | province = | country = [[Somaliland]] | coordinates = | latitude = | longitude = | district = | oversight = | accreditation = | campus = | colors = <span>Casaan iyo Cadaan</span> | colours = | athletics = +10 kooxood oo ciyaaro ah | houses = | student_union = | nickname = | mascot = | free_label = Noocyo kale | free_text = | rival = | yearbook = | newspaper = | free_label_1 = | free_1 = | free_label_2 = | free_2 = | free_label_3 = | free_3 = | test_name = | test_average = | national_ranking = | website = [http://abaarsoschool.org www.abaarsoschool.org] | footnotes = | picture = | picture_caption = | picture2 = | picture_caption2 = }} '''Dugsiga Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyada Abaarso''' ({{lang-en|Abaarso School of Science and Technology}}) (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Abaarso School''') waa dugsi iska-wax-u-qabso ah, ardeydu ku dhex nooshahay kaasi oo ku yaala tuulada [[Abaarso]], [[Maroodi Jeex]] ee wadanka [[Somaliland]]. Sanadkii 2014ka, Dugsiga Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyada Abaarso waxaa Ururka New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC) gudoonsiiyeen shahaado sharaf dugsigu ku mutaystay dadaalka iyo horumarinta adeyda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somaliland to Harvard: How this student beat the odds|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/06/pf/college/harvard-somaliland-africa-student-university/|work=CNN Money|publisher=CNN|accessdate=21 December 2015 <!-- 13:59 -->|archive-date=22 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112118/http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/06/pf/college/harvard-somaliland-africa-student-university/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Jaamacaddaha Soomaaliya]] *[[Waxbarashada Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Jaamacaddaha Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Jaamacadaha Somaliland]] [[Category:Jaamacadaha Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Waxbarashada Soomaaliya]] tmoeybyxuwyjcrzxz25lepcxa49wauy 0 20612 297505 162356 2026-05-17T02:31:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox University |name = Jaamacadda Hargeysa</br>University of Hargeisa |image_name = |image_size = 200px |caption = |motto = ''Aqoon la'aani waa Iftiin la'aan''<br /> (Knowledge is Light) |established = 27 September 2000 |type = Jaamacad Dadweyne |chancellor = Dr. Cabdi Xaaji Gass |vice_chancellor = Dr. Diiriye Ereg |city = [[Hargeysa]] |state = [[Maroodi Jeex]] |country = [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliland]] |campus = labo xarumood |website = [http://huniversity.net/2011// University of Hargeisa] }} '''Jaamacadda Hargeysa''' ({{lang-en|University of Hargeisa}}) (loo soo gaabiyo: '''UOH''') waa [[jaamacad|jaamacad dadweyne]] taasi oo xarunteeda weyn ku taalo magaalada [[Hargeysa]], magaalo-madaxda u ah [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliland]]. Jaamacadda Hargeysa waxaa la aasaasay horaantii sanadkii 2000, waxaana maanta dhigta ardeg gaadhaysa ilaa 4,600 qof. <ref>{{cite web|title=Somaliland to Harvard: How this student beat the odds|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/06/pf/college/harvard-somaliland-africa-student-university/|work=CNN Money|publisher=CNN|accessdate=21 December 2015 <!-- 13:59 -->|archive-date=22 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112118/http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/06/pf/college/harvard-somaliland-africa-student-university/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Jaamacaddaha Soomaaliya]] *[[Waxbarashada Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Jaamacaddaha Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Jaamacadaha Somaliland]] [[Category:Jaamacadaha Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Waxbarashada Soomaaliya]] g5xdkz0pzriafwh995hvsad72biowvf 0 20613 297506 162357 2026-05-17T02:32:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Jaamacada Rajjada</br>Hope University (HU) | native_name = '''Jaamacadda Hope '''<br /><big>'''جامعة الرجاء'''</big> | image_name = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | motto = | motto_lang = | mottoeng = | established = {{Start date|2008}} | closed = | type = [[jaamacad|jaamacad dadweyne]] | affiliation = | endowment = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chancellor = | president = Mudane Maxamed Y. Cusmaan | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | city = [[Hargeysa]] | state = | province = | country = [[Somaliland]] | coor = | campus = | former_names = | free_label = | free = | colors = | colours = | athletics = | sports = | nickname = | mascot = | affiliations = | website = {{URL|http://www.hope-university.com}} | logo = | footnotes = }} '''Jaamacadda Rajjada''' ({{lang-en|Hope University}}; {{lang-ar|جامعة الرجاء'}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Jaamacadda Hope''' ('''HU''') waa [[jaamacad|jaamacad dadweyne]], taasi oo ka shaqeysa danta dadweynaha, bixisa waxbarasho bilaa lacag ah cidii u qalanta. Jaamacada Hope waxay ku taala magaalada [[Hargeysa]], magaalo-madaxda u ah [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliland]]. Horaantii sanadkii 2008da ayaa Dr. Najiib Sheekh Cabdikariim aasaasay jaamacada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somaliland to Harvard: How this student beat the odds|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/06/pf/college/harvard-somaliland-africa-student-university/|work=CNN Money|publisher=CNN|accessdate=21 December 2015 <!-- 13:59 -->|archive-date=22 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112118/http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/06/pf/college/harvard-somaliland-africa-student-university/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Jaamacaddaha Soomaaliya]] *[[Waxbarashada Soomaaliya]] ==Xigasho== *[http://www.hope-university.com/ Hope University] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Jaamacaddaha Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Jaamacadaha Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Waxbarashada Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jaamacadaha Somaliland]] sx3p8sekbx24qnlhaqpq5bek2urjjwb 0 22817 297517 218816 2026-05-17T05:04:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297517 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Haku khaldin "[[Howl]]"'' [[File:"Boy^ Did we do a day's work^ They give the job all they've got" - NARA - 513983.jpg|thumb|shaqo]] '''Shaqo''' ({{lang-en|job ama occupation}}) waa heerka darajada qof kaga jiro bulshada taasi oo ah howsha qofkaasi ka shaqeeyo si uu u hello [[mishahar]] (abaalmarin) ku maareeyo ama taageero baahida nolosha maalinle.<ref>Office for National Statistics - [http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/previous-foi-requests/employment-and-labour-market/list-of-all-the-occupations-noted-in-the-uk/index.html FOI Request: List of all the occupations noted in the UK]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} published by [[The Crown]] 2015 [Retrieved 2015-12-06]</ref> ==Hordhac== Shaqadu waa waajibaadka saaran qof ka mid ah [[bulsho|bulshada]] taasi oo abaalmarin lacag ah qofkaasi ka qaato ama faa'iido nooc kale ah ugu jirto. Tusaale, [[macalin]]ku wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa [[dugsi]]ga halkaasi oo uu [[bare|wax ku baro]] ardey.<ref>Office for National Statistics - [http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/previous-foi-requests/employment-and-labour-market/list-of-all-the-occupations-noted-in-the-uk/index.html FOI Request: List of all the occupations noted in the UK]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} published by [[The Crown]] 2015 [Retrieved 2015-12-06]</ref> ==Shaqaale== [[File:Cargo loading, Operation Deep Freeze 2007 070208-N-4868G-323.JPEG|thumb|Shaqaale alaab ka dajinaya wiish]] [[Shaqaale]] waa qofka shaqo cayiman qabta si uu u helo joornaati ama qarash lacageed oo awal lagu heshiiyay, kaasoo u dhigma shaqada uu qabtay oo ahaan karta shaqo warshad laga shaqeeyay ama ka ballaaran sida mashruuc oo kale, qofkaas waa mid ama unug ka mida wax soo saarka mashruucaas ama warshadaas. == Dhowaan dunida jannay noqon doontaa == Guryo wanaagsan iyo shaqo lugu farxo: “Guryay dhisan doonaan, wayna degi doonaan . . . oo kuwayga aan doortayna wakhti dheer ayay shuqulka gacmahooda ku farxi doonaan.”<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/qasdiga-ilaahay-oo-ku-saabsan-adduunka/ Muxuu Yahay Qasdiga Ilaahay oo ku Saabsan Adduunka?]</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Howl]] * [[Shaqaale]] * [[Shaqo la'aan]] * [[Bulsho|Qeybaha bulshada]] ==Xigasho== {{reflist}} [[Category:Shaqo]] [[Category:Bulsho]] j9bsf92doa7osixloeagaf8or9b1u0a 0 24634 297511 280222 2026-05-17T03:26:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297511 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;" |- ! Magalo /Metropolitan area ! style="width:130px"|Waddanka/Region ! style="width:100px"|UNSD<br>sub‑region<ref>{{cite web|url=http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=23 October 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=13 Bisha Todobaad 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713041240/http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ! style="width:75px"|Official est.<br><small>Nominal<br>GDP ($BN)</small> ! style="width:75"|Brookings Institution<ref name="Brookings">{{cite web |url= https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/ |title= Global city GDP 2014 |publisher= [[Brookings Institution]]|accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref><br><small>2014 est.<br>[[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]-adjusted<br>GDP ($BN)</small> ! style="width:75px"|PwC<ref name="pricewater">{{cite web|url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|title=Global city GDP rankings 2008-2025|publisher=Pricewaterhouse Coopers|accessdate=16 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031739/https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|archive-date=4 May 2011}}</ref><br><small>2008 est.<br>[[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]-adjusted<br>GDP ($BN)</small> ! style="width:75px"|McKinsey<ref name="McKinsey">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/13/the_most_dynamic_cities_of_2025|title=The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025|publisher=Foreign Policy|accessdate=24 August 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=28 Bisha Sideedaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828041241/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/13/the_most_dynamic_cities_of_2025|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br><small>2010 est.<br>Nominal<br>GDP ($BN)</small> ! style="width:75px"|Other est.<br><small>Nominal<br>GDP ($BN)</small> |- | [[Aachen-Liège]] |{{Flag|Belgium}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|99.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Aberdeen]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|11.3}} (2008)<ref name="2008 estimate">{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-analysis/urban-audit/urban-audit-iv---united-kingdom-cities-compared-with-other-european-cities---march-2012/all-data-for-uk-cities---as-at-08-03-12.xls |format=xls |title=2008 estimate |date=6 March 2012 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=13 August 2013 |archive-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021170806/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-analysis/urban-audit/urban-audit-iv---united-kingdom-cities-compared-with-other-european-cities---march-2012/all-data-for-uk-cities---as-at-08-03-12.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Abidjan]] |{{CIV}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"|{{nts|13}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Abu Dhabi]] |{{ARE}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|119}}<ref name = "2012 estimate abu dhabi">{{cite web |url=https://ded.abudhabi.ae/en/studies-indicators/EconomicReports/Economic%20Report%20of%20AD%202012.pdf |format=PDF |title=Abu Dhabi Economic Report |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |access-date=2018-07-20 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122833/https://ded.abudhabi.ae/en/studies-indicators/EconomicReports/Economic%20Report%20of%20AD%202012.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|178.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|67.1}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Addis Ababa]] |{{ETH}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|12}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Adelaide]] |{{Flag|Australia}} | Oceania | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|59.1}} (2015–16)<ref>[http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf '''2015–16 est.''' / SGSEP] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf |date=20180422113418 }} AUD 78,251 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$59.1 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|47.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Ahmedabad]] |{{Flag|India}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|59}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|22}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Akron]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|37.300}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|32.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Albany, New York|Albany]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|52.339}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|58.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Albuquerque]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|43.250}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|39.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Alexandria]] |{{EGY}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|32.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|46}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Algiers]] |{{ALG}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|45}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|42.700}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|37.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Almaty]] |{{KAZ}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|53.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Amsterdam]] |{{NLD}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|154.0}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|320.6}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Rotterdam]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|47}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Anápolis]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|6.740}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Ankara]] |{{TUR}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|108.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|58}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|64.9}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Anshan]] ||{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|69.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Arnhem-Nijmegen]] |{{Flag|Nederlands}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|27.9}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|44.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Athens]] ||{{Flag|Greece}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|98.7}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|129.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|96}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Atlanta]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|363.768}} (2016)<ref name="usa1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm|title=Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2016|last=|first=|date=September 20, 2017|website=|publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis. U.S. Department of Commerce|accessdate=February 19, 2018}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|299.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|304}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|249.7}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|242.4}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Auckland]] |{{NZL}} | Oceania | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|49.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|55}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Austin]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|139.010}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|107.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|}} |- | [[Bakersfield]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|35.162}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|47.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Baghdad]] |{{IRQ}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|55}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Baltimore]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|189.395}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|173.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|137}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|118.1}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Bandung]] |{{IDN}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|21}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Bangalore]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|45.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|69}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|28.6}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bangkok]] |{{THA}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|306.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|119}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|105.0}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Baotou]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|40.8}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|94.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Barcelona]] |{{ESP}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|167.8}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|171.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|177}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Basel]]-[[Mulhouse]] |{{CHE}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|56.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Baton Rouge]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|51.149}} (2014)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|53.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Beijing]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|441.4}} (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/zxfb/201802/t20180225_393332.html |title= 北京市2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |website= bjstats.gov.cn |access-date= 2018-03-18 |ciwaan= Nuqul Archive |archive-date= 2019-01-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190104180148/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/zxfb/201802/t20180225_393332.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|506.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|166}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|206.2}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Belfast]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|25.5}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Belgrade]] |{{SRB}} | Southern Yurub | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|17.4}} (2014)<ref>[http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/G2016/pdf/G20162019.pdf Statistical Yearbook of Serbia], pp. 146–47. ''Statistical Office of Serbia''. GDP of Belgrade district in 2014 was 1,514,166 mio RSD x 0.0115 = 17.4 bn USD.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Belo Horizonte]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|54.996}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|84.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|61}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|78.5}} | style="background:khaki;"| |-|- |[[Berbera]] |{{SOM}} |Afrika | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|1.2}} (2018)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statistik-bw.de/VGRdL/tbls/index.jsp?lang=#tab03|title=Aktuelle Ergebnisse – VGR dL|last=Baden-Württemberg|first=Statistisches Landesamt|website=www.statistik-bw.de|language=de|access-date=2018-06-16|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2019-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213033332/https://www.statistik-bw.de/VGRdL/tbls/index.jsp?lang=#tab03|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|1.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|1.5}}{{Increase}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Berlin]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|215.2}} (2015)<ref name=":1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|157.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|95}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Bielefeld]]-[[Detmold]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|50.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bilbao]] |{{ESP}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|36.9}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|38.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Birmingham]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Yurub | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|81.8}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|121.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|90}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Birmingham, Alabama]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|62.758}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|54.164}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bogotá]] |{{COL}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|159.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|100}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|221.1}} (2015) |- | [[Bologna]] |{{ITA}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|43.4}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|36.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bordeaux]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|55.9}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|40.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Boston]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|422.660}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|360.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|363}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|261.1}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Brasília]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|164.482}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|141.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|110}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|101.6}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Braunschweig]]-[[Wolfsburg]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"|{{nts|45.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bremen]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|30.4}} (2015)<ref name=":1" /> | style="background:#50f231;"|{{nts|47.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Greater Bridgeport|Bridgeport]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|102.401}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"|{{nts|70.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Brisbane]] |{{AUS}} | Oceania | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|120.6}} (2015–16)<ref>[http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf '''2015–16 est.''' / SGSEP] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf |date=20180422113418 }} AUD 157,931 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$120.6 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|96.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bristol]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|51.5}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"|{{nts|47.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Brussels]] |{{BEL}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|144.359}} (2016)<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=met_10r_3gdp&lang=en|title=Eurostat|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619140110/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=met_10r_3gdp&lang=en|archive-date=2018-06-19|dead-url=yes|access-date=|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|254.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|83}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bucharest]] |{{ROU}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|80.407}} (2019)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|82.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Budapest]] |{{HUN}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|58.5}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|98.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|53}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Buenos Aires]] |{{ARG}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|315.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|362}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|191.7}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|58.062}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|72.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Bursa]] |{{TUR}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|80.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Busan]] |{{KOR}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|296.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|121}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Cairo]] |{{EGY}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|102.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|145}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Calgary]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|97.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Cambridge]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|18.6}}<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Business/Business-News/Booming-city-adding-12-billion-to-GDP-22112011.htm |title = Booming city adding £12 billion to GDP |publisher = Cambridge News |accessdate = 11 August 2008 |first = |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111125095900/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Business/Business-News/Booming-city-adding-12-billion-to-GDP-22112011.htm |archivedate = 25 November 2011 |df = dmy-all }} </ref> |- | [[Campinas]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|40.525}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|59.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Campo Grande]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|9.211}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Campos dos Goytacazes]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|16.174}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Cape Town]] |{{ZAF}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|58.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|103}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Caracas]] |{{VEN}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|51.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|41}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|92}}<ref>{{Cite news |website=mckinsey.com |url= http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/overview/in-the-news/urban-world-app |title= Global cities of the future: An interactive map {{!}} McKinsey & Company |access-date= 7 January 2017}}</ref> | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Cardiff-Newport]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|33.7}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|36.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Casablanca]] |{{MAR}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|37.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|33}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Changchun]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|96.7}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|124.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|26}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Changsha]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|156.0}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|186.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|40.3}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Changzhou]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|98.1}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|110.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|34.3}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|163.637}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|126.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Chengdu]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|205.7}} (2017) <ref name="data.stats.gov.cn">{{cite web|title = National Bureau of Statistics of China|url = http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0105 |website= data.stats.gov.cn |accessdate = 2017-08-25}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|233.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|33}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|57.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Chennai]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|}} | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|58.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|66}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Chicago]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|651.222}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|563.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|574}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|496.4}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|461.4}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Chittagong]] |{{BGD}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|24}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Chongqing]] ||{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|288.8}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title = National Bureau of Statistics of China|url = http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0105 |website= data.stats.gov.cn |accessdate= 2017-08-25}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|315.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|57}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|88.6}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Cincinnati]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|132.010}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|110.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Cleveland]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|129.440}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|115.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|112}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|99.3}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|40.086}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|37.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|130.758}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|108.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Copenhagen]] |{{DNK}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|134.3}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|127.0}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Malmö]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|49}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Cracow]] |{{POL}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|22.0}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|33.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Coventry]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|7.4}} (2008)<ref name="2008 estimate"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Curitiba]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|58.082}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|57.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|44}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Daegu]] |{{KOR}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|54.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|43}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Daejeon]] |{{KOR}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|39.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jabuuti (magaalo)]] |[[Jabuuti]] | Afrika | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|1.572}} (2018)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|1.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|1.6}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|1.6}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Dalian]] ||{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|109.1}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|198.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|53.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|511.606}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|412.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|338}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|324.9}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|315.5}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Daqing]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|39.7}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|98.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Dayton]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|40.572}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|37.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Dar es Salaam]] |{{TZA}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|8}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Delhi]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|293.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|167}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|47.6}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Denver]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|197.572}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|169.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|165}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|131.6}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Des Moines]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|50.246}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|39.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Detroit]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|252.691}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|207.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|253}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|198.6}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Dhaka]] |{{BGD}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|78}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|29}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Doha]] |{{QAT}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|98.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Dongguan]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|112.3}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|141.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|62.7}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Dongying]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|56.3}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|83.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Dubai]] |{{ARE}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|82.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Dublin]] |{{IRL}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|127.8}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|90.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|61}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Durban]] |{{ZAF}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|48.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|43.908}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|37.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[East Rand]] |{{ZAF}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|55.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|54}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Edinburgh]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|41.8}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|32.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Edmonton]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|83.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Eindhoven-Den Bosch]] |{{NLD}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|91.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[El Paso]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|28.644}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|32.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Faisalabad]] |{{PAK}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"|{{nts|20.55}}<ref name=PBIT>{{cite web| url=http://www.pbit.gop.pk/punjab_at_glance| title=Punjab At A Glance| publisher=Punjab Board of Investment & Trade, Government of The Punjab| date=2016| accessdate=April 15, 2017| ciwaan=Nuqul Archive| archive-date=April 16, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416133204/http://www.pbit.gop.pk/punjab_at_glance| dead-url=yes}}</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|14}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Florence]] |{{ITA}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|40.1}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|52.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Fortaleza]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|42.010}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|35.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|25}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Foshan]] ||{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|141.4}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|184.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|83.5}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Frankfurt]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|230.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Fresno]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|40.465}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|45.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Fukuoka–Kitakyushu]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|185}} (2013)<ref>[http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/sonota/kenmin/kenmin_top.html '''Approx., 2013 est.''' / GDP of Fukuoka Prefecture is 19.0 [[Trillion (short scale)|trillion]] yen (approximately US$185 billion).] Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|193.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|88}}<ref group="Note">This includes only [[Fukuoka]]</ref> | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|157.3}}<ref>'''2010 est.''' / [[JPY]] 13,811 billion according to [[Urban Employment Area]]. {{cite web|url = http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|title = Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data|publisher = Center for Spatial Information Science, [[University of Tokyo]]|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|access-date = 2018-07-20|archive-date = 2019-05-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502161110/http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- | [[Fuzhou]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|105.2}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|117.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|23.4}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Geneva]] |{{CHE}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|44.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] |{{MYS}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|38.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Glasgow]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|66.4}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|56.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Gothenburg]] |{{SWE}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|84.4}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|40.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Grand Rapids]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|58.465}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|51.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Greensboro]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|39.944}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|40.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|40.693}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|35.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Goiânia]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|22.763}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Guadalajara]] |{{MEX}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|80.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|81}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Guangzhou]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|341}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|380.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|143}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|146.1}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Gwangju]] |{{KOR}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|36.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Haifa]] |{{ISR}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|40.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hamamatsu]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|52.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hamburg]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|120.1}} (2015)<ref name=":1" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|161.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|74}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hangzhou]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|150.8}} (2015) <ref>{{cite web|title = National Bureau of Statistics of China|url = http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0105 |website = data.stats.gov.cn |accessdate= 2017-08-25}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|219.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|70.5}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hannover]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|51.5}} (2015)<ref name=":1" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|59.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hanoi]] |{{VNM}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|42}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"|| |- |[[Hargeisa]] |{{SOM}} | Afrika | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|2.1}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|2.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|2.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Harbin]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|94.1}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|127.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|38.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Harrisburg]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|35.465}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|35.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Greater Hartford|Hartford]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|90.004}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|101.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hefei]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|106.8}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|120.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|31.2}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Helsinki]] |{{FIN}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|90.8}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|77.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|58}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hiroshima]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|74.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Ho Chi Minh City]] |{{VNM}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|71.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|58}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hong Kong]] |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|364.8}} (2018)<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=546%2C532&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=54&pr.y=10|title=Hong Kong|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=2017-08-25}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|416.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|320}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|224.5}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|258.0}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html |title='''2012 est.''' / CIA World Factbook: Hong Kong |publisher=CIA |accessdate=3 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5glwctzKV?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html |archivedate=14 May 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |- | [[Honolulu]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|64.756}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|58.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Houston]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|478.618}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|483.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|297}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|341.1}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|316.3}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Hsinchu]] |{{TWN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|38.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Huhehaote]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|70.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|24.846}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|40.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|59}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|Indianapolis]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|125.864}} (2014)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|113.606}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Islamabad]] |{{PAK}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Istanbul]] |{{TUR}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|348.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|182}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|188.2}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Izmir]] |{{TUR}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|80.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|42}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|71.471}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|63.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jaipur]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|24}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|20}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jakarta]] |{{IDN}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|321.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|92}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|70.7}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jeddah]] |{{SAU}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|160.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|72}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|75.9}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jerusalem]] |{{ISR}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|48.0}} (2015)<ref>https://www.lloyds.com/cityriskindex/locations/city/jerusalem</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jinan]] |{{Flag|China}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|106.7}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|136.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|43.2}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Johannesburg]] |{{ZAF}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|82.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|110}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Jundiaí]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|20.081}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kabul]] |{{AFG}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|14}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kagoshima]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|34.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kano]] |{{NGA}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|9}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kanpur]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|26}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|4}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|129.163}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|105.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|91.2}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Kaohsiung]] |{{TWN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|113.647}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|78}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|28}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Karachi]] |{{PAK}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|78}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|28}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Karlsruhe]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|37.6}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|137.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Katowice]] |{{POL}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|37.9}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|122.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kaunas]] |{{LTU}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|10.0}} (2016)<ref>https://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=8,446&status=A#/</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Khartoum]] |{{SDN}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|35}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kiev]] |{{UKR}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|35.0}} (2012)<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.gorstat.kiev.ua/p.php3?c=425&lang=1 |access-date=2018-07-20 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233046/http://www.gorstat.kiev.ua/p.php3?c=425&lang=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kingston-upon-Hull]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|17.7}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kinshasa]] |{{Flag|DR Congo}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|17}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Klaipėda]] |{{LTU}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|6.0}} (2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=8446&status=A |title=Statistinių rodiklių analizė |website=Osp.stat.gov.lt |date= |accessdate=2017-04-01 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2017-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821085627/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=8446&status=A |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|39.825}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|38.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kolkata]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|60.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|104}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kuala Lumpur]] |{{MYS}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|171.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kumamoto]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|41.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kunming]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|72.0}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|88.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Kuwait City]] |{{KWT}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|166.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|117.5}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Lagos]] |{{NGA}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|74.67}} (2010)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/images/pageimages/downloadfiles/docs/LAGOS_STATE_GDP2010.pdf | title=Lagos Gross Domestic Product | publisher=Lagos State Government | date=2010 | accessdate=16 March 2015 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425055927/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/images/pageimages/downloadfiles/docs/LAGOS_STATE_GDP2010.pdf | archivedate=25 April 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|35}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Lahore]] |{{PAK}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|40}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|13}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Las Vegas]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|111.091}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|93.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Leeds]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|44.8}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|74.6}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Bradford]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|60}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Leicester]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|46.8}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"|{{nts|28.7}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.llep.org.uk/index/downloads/filename/img_1307629108_8087.pdf |title=Leicester |quote=/catid/22/ '''LLEP''' |date=Autumn 2009 |publisher=Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813153918/http://www.llep.org.uk/index/downloads/filename/img_1307629108_8087.pdf |archivedate=13 August 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |- | [[Leipzig-Halle]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|33.4}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|39.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Lille]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|83.3}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|98.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|33}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Lima]] |{{PER}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|176.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|109}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|77.3}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Linz]] |{{AUT}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|37.9}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|44.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Lisbon]] |{{PRT}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|72.0}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|96.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|98}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Little Rock]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|37.796}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|40.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Liverpool]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|47.8}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|65.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[London]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|879.5}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|835.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|565}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|751.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Greater Los Angeles|Los Angeles]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|1001}} (2016)<ref>https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|860.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|792}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|731.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|632.4}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Louisville metropolitan area|Louisville]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|74.968}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|62.397}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Luanda]] |{{AGO}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|33}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|38.6}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Lucknow]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|22}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Luxembourg-Trier]] |{{LUX}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|62}} (2014)<ref>www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|62}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Luton]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|7.2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timetric.com/index/s_oDrjWAQmO-NigOe8alMg/|title='''GDP'''|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Timetric}}</ref> |- | [[Lyon]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|88.2}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|97.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|69}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|197}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/regions/rhone-alpes/default.asp?page=faitsetchiffres/presentation/presentation.htm |title=GDP of Lyon |quote=/catid/22/ '''LLEP''' |date=October 2014 |publisher=Insee }}</ref> |- | [[Macau]] |{{Flag|Macau}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|53.7}} (2018)<ref name="imf3">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=546%2C532&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=54&pr.y=10|title=Macau|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=2017-08-25}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|53.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|47.425}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|41.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Madrid]] |{{ESP}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|225.9}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|262.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|230}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Manaus]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|51.025}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Manchester]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|113.7}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|92.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|85}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Manila]] |{{PHL}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|182.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|149}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Marseille]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|104.1}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|60.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Medellín]] |{{COL}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|43.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|50}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Medan]] |{{IDN}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|8.09}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sumutprov.go.id/untuk-dunia-usaha/perekonomian-daerah |title=Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara – Perekonomian Daerah |website=Sumutprov.go.id |date= |accessdate=2017-04-01 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2015-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328193626/http://www.sumutprov.go.id/untuk-dunia-usaha/perekonomian-daerah |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | [[Melbourne]] |{{AUS}} | Oceania | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|229.2}} (2015–16)<ref>[http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf '''2015–16 est.''' / SGSEP] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf |date=20180422113418 }} AUD 303,560 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$229.188 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|178.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|172}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|221.4}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Memphis]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|71.450}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|65.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Mexico City]] |{{MEX}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|403.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|390}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|255.1}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Miami]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|328.482}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|262.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|292}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|235.9}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|231.8}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Milan]] |{{ITA}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|214.5}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|312.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|136}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Milwaukee]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|100.869}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|86.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota|Minneapolis/St. Paul]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|246.689}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|211.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|194}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|171.6}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Minsk]] |{{BLR}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|13.0}} (2012)<ref>http://www.belstat.gov.by/bitrix/urlrewrite.php{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Monterrey]] |{{MEX}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|122.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|102}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Montevideo]] |{{URY}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|44.0}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mckinsey.com/tools/Wrappers/Wrapper.aspx?sid={C84CB74F-A3B1-47B1-8265-6252F6D85B68}&pid={4F5BEDB1-6C1F-4243-A052-83ADBABE82DF} |date= |publisher=McKinsey |title=Global Cities of the Future |deadurl=no |accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref><ref group="Note">Projection for 2017 based on $33 billion in 2010 and $61 for 2025. ((($61/$33)^(1/15))^7)*$33= $43,956.998 million.</ref> |- | [[Montreal]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|155.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|148}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Muqdisho]] |{{SOM}} | Afrika | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|3.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|3.0 }} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Moscow]] |{{RUS}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|225.0}} (2015)<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://mrd.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/mrd/ru/statistics/grp/ |title=Валовой региональный продукт::Мордовиястат |website=Mrd.gks.ru |date= |accessdate=2017-04-01 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2018-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217021320/http://mrd.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/mrd/ru/statistics/grp/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|553.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|321}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|325.8}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Mumbai]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|150.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|209}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|55.9}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Munich Metropolitan Region|Munich]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|190.0}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|219.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|64}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Chūkyō Metropolitan Area|Nagoya]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|368}} (2013)<ref>[http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/sonota/kenmin/kenmin_top.html '''Approx., 2013 est.''' / GDP of Aichi Prefecture is 37.8 trillion yen (approximately US$368 billion).] Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|363.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|256.3}}<ref>'''2010 est.''' / [[JPY]] 22,497 billion according to [[Urban Employment Area]]. {{cite web|url = http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|title = Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data|publisher = Center for Spatial Information Science, [[University of Tokyo]]|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|access-date = 2018-07-20|archive-date = 2019-05-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502161110/http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- | [[Nagpur]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|18}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nairobi]] |{{KEN}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|12}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nanchang]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|74.1}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|96.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nanjing]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|173.5}} (2017) | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|202.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|68.5}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nanning]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|61.0}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|70.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nantes]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|51.0}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|32.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nantong]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|114.6}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|128.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Naples]] |{{ITA}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|62.8}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|85.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|51}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|124.243}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|95.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[New Haven]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|44.120}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|53.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[New Orleans]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|77.173}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|74.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[New York metropolitan area|New York]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|1657.457}} (2016)<ref>https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|1403}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|1406}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|1180.3}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|1056.4}}<ref name="demographia">{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-metrogdp2005.pdf|title='''2005 est.''' / Metropolitan Area G}}</ref> |- |[[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|36.0}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|44.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nice]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|36.1}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|46.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|50.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Ningbo]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|145.8}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|179.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|45.0}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Nottingham-Derby]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|51.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Nuremberg Metropolitan Region|Nürnberg-Fürth]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|164.6}} (2014)<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/603802/umfrage/bruttoinlandsprodukt-in-den-metropolregionen-in-deutschland/|title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt in den Metropolregionen in Deutschland 2014 {{!}} Statistik|website=Statista|language=de|access-date=2018-06-16}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|74.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Okayama]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|56.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Oklahoma City metropolitan area|Oklahoma City]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|70.235}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|70.010}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Omaha]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|61.289}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|51.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Orlando]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|126.797}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|116.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Keihanshin|Osaka–Kobe]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|584}} (2013)<ref>[http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/sonota/kenmin/kenmin_top.html '''Approx., 2013 est.''' / GDP of Prefecture of Osaka and Hyōgo is 60.0 trillion yen (approximately US$584 billion).] Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|671.3}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Kyoto]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|417}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|612.8}}<ref>'''2010 est.''' / [[JPY]] 53,790 billion according to [[Urban Employment Area]]. {{cite web|url = http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|title = Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data|publisher = Center for Spatial Information Science, [[University of Tokyo]]|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|access-date = 2018-07-20|archive-date = 2019-05-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502161110/http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- | [[Oslo]] |{{NOR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|74.0}} (2014)<ref>[https://www.ssb.no/en/nasjonalregnskap-og-konjunkturer/statistikker/fnr/aar/2016-10-20?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=281277 Regional Accounts, 2014] – ''Statistics Norway''. National GDP at 2,707.8 bn NOK, Oslo at 17.1 % of the total = 463 bn NOK x 0.16 = 74 bn USD.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|74.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|40}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Ottawa]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|58.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Oxnard]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|48.516}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|46.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Paris]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|850}} (2016)<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8700651/1-28022018-BP-EN/15f5fd90-ce8b-4927-9a3b-07dc255dc42a '''2016 est.''' / INSEE] €681 billion according to INSEE, i.e. US$850 billion at current exchange rates, using the 2016 euro/dollar exchange rate</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|715.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|564}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|764.2}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Patna]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|15}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|11}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Perth]] |{{AUS}} | Oceania | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|112.2}} (2015–16)<ref>[http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf '''2015–16 est.''' / SGSEP] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf |date=20180422113418 }} AUD 148,674 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$112.2 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|134.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Philadelphia]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|431.038}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|346.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|388}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|314.5}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|295.2}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|230.070}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|207.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|200}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|181.6}} | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|160}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Pittsburgh]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|138.137}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|138.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|99}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|102.1}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|164.466}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|158.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|110}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| {{nts|95.6}}<ref name=demographia/> |- | [[Porto]] |{{PRT}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|31.3}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|43.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Porto Alegre]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|45.506}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|62.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|66}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Portsmouth]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|25.9}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|51.6}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Southampton]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Prague]] |{{CZE}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|73.0}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|89.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|49}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Pretoria]] |{{ZAF}} | Africa | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|49.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Providence metropolitan area|Providence]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|80.164}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|78.114}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]] |{{MEX}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|38.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|42}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Pune]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|138}} | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|89}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|78}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|49}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Pyongyang]] |{{PRK}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|11}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Qingdao]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|163.5}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|208.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|48.1}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Quebec City]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|33.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|79.834}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|64.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Rangoon]] |{{MMR}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;"| | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|24}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Recife]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|36.448}} (2011)<ref name="bra1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|40.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|35}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Rhine-Ruhr]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|573.7}} (2014)<ref name=":2" /> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|485.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| {{nts|39}}<ref group="Note">This includes only [[Cologne]] and [[Bonn]] in the PwC study</ref> | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| {{nts|484.6}} | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Greater Richmond Region|Richmond]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;"| {{nts|80.702}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;"| {{nts|71.589}} | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- | [[Riga]] |{{LVA}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;"|{{nts|16.0}} (2014)<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.sus.lv/en/21-gross-domestic-product |access-date=2018-07-20 |archive-date=2018-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128190448/http://www.sus.lv/en/21-gross-domestic-product |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;"| | style="background:#79ff76;"| | style="background:#FEE7F0;"| | style="background:khaki;"| |- |[[Rio de Janeiro]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|209.366}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|176.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|201}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|180.9}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Riyadh]] |{{SAU}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|163.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|107}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|122.7}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|55.426}} (2016)<ref name="usa1"/> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|67.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Rome]] |{{ITA}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|166.8}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|163.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|144}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Rotterdam]] |{{NLD}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|69.0}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|320.6}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Amsterdam]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|46}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Saarbrucken]] |{{DEU}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|41.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Sacramento]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|122.218}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|127.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Salt Lake City metropolitan area|Salt Lake City]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|84.826}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|73.836}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[St. Louis]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|159.888}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|140.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|126}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|116.2}}<ref name="demographia" /> |- | [[Saint Petersburg]] |{{RUS}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|63}}<ref name="autogenerated1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|119.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|91}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|38.819}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|38.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|10}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Greater San Antonio|San Antonio]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|116.538}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|102.771}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|146.3}}<ref name="demographia" /> |- | [[Inland Empire|San Bernardino-Riverside]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|149.059}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|154.904}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[San Diego]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|215.343}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|202.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|191}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|172.9}} | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|146.3}}<ref name="demographia" /> |- | [[San Francisco]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|470.529}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|331.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|301}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|283.3}} | style="background:khaki;" | {{nts|268.3}}<ref name="demographia" /> |- |[[San Jose, California|San Jose]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|252.487}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|160.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} | Caribbean | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|42.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] |{{CHL}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|171.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|120}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|93.0}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|28.609}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[São José dos Campos]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|30.148}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[São José dos Pinhais]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|14.726}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[São Paulo]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|582.079}} (2013)<ref name="bra1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cidades.ibge.gov.br/comparamun/compara.php?lang=&coduf=35&idtema=152&codv=V07&order=dado&dir=desc&lista=uf&custom=|title=Posição ocupada pelos maiores municípios brasileiros em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto, Est. 2013|date=2013|publisher=IBGE}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|430.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|388}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|437.3}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Sapporo]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|80.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Seattle]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|330.409}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|267.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|235}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|211.0}} | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|182.2}}<ref name="demographia" /> |- | [[Sendai]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|75.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Seoul]] |{{KOR}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|635.4}} (2015)<ref>[http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1008 '''2015 est.''' Statistics Korea] [[Seoul Capital Area|Seoul metro area]] includes Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, so metro GDP = 328,661+69,501+350,963 = 749,125 billion Won, at 2015 average exchange rate of 1,179KRW per USD.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|845.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|291}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|233.3}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Seville]] |{{ESP}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|39.8}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|35.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Shanghai]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|469}} (2017) <ref name=":0">{{cite web|title = Shanghai first Chinese city to top 3 trillion yuan GDP|url = http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201801/20/WS5a629e9ba3106e7dcc135729.html |website= China Daily |accessdate= 2018-01-20}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|594.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|233}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|250.7}} | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|200.0}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200901/20090122/article_388901.htm|title='''2008 est.''' / Global woes pinch rise in city GDP|date=22 January 2009|publisher=ShanghaiDaily|accessdate=25 December 2009}}</ref> |- | [[Shantou]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|34.8}} (2017) <ref name=":0" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|38.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Sheffield]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|17.4}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|39.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Shenyang]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|86.9}} (2017) <ref name=":0" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|189.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|44}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|64.3}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Shenzhen]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|338}} (2017)<ref>http://m.scmp.com/news/china/economy/article/2128310/shenzhen-88-cent-hi-tech-growth-roll-hit-y2tr-2017</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|363.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|141.5}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Shijiazhuang]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|95.7}} (2017) <ref name=":0" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|130.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Shizuoka, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|58.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Singapore]] |{{SGP}} | South-East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|349.5}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html#econind |title='''2011 est.''' / Singapore: Economic Indicators |publisher=Statistics Singapore |accessdate=3 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221030353/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html |archivedate=21 February 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>Singapore GDP in 2011 estimate is 326.8 Billion SGD, which is equivalent to 263.6 Billion USD using 3 February 2013 exchange rate</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|365.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|215}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|222.7}} | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|267.9}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html|title='''2012 est.''' / CIA World Factbook: Singapore|publisher=CIA|accessdate=3 February 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=7 Bisha Koobaad 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065141/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | [[Sofia]] |{{BGR}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|24.0}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|43.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Sorocaba]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|21.313}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Southampton]] |{{GBR}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|9.6}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|51.6}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Portsmouth]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|27.333}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|32.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Stockholm]] |{{SWE}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|180}}<ref name=":3" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|143.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|70}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|208}}<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://international.stockholm.se/Press-and-media/Stockholm-facts/ |title=Contacts – City of Stockholm |website=International.stockholm.se |date= |accessdate=2017-04-01}}</ref> |- | [[Strasbourg]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|37.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Stuttgart]] |{{GER}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|173.5}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|157.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Surat]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|59.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|36}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|14}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Suzhou]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|256.5}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|339.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|52.7}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Sydney]] |{{AUS}} | Oceania | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|302.7}} (2015–16)<ref>[http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf '''2015–16 est.''' / SGSEP] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sgsep.com.au/application/files/9914/8106/1313/GDP_by_major_capital_city_201516_-_high_res.pdf |date=20180422113418 }} AUD 400,900 million according to the SGS Economics and Planning table, i.e. US$302.7 billion at current exchange rates, using the 8 June 2017 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|223.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|213}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|268.9}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|32.683}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|40.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Taichung]] |{{TWN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|114.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tainan]] |{{TWN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|76.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Taipei]] |{{TWN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|327.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|160.3}} | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|172.5}}<ref>'''2009 est.''' [http://www.cens.com.tw/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_26710.html Taipei city has second-highest per capita GDP in Asia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cens.com.tw/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_26710.html |date=20110910075235 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122073824/http://www.cens.com.tw/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_26710.html |date=22 January 2013 }}</ref> |- | [[Taiyuan]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|63.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tallinn]] |{{EST}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|16.0}} (2014)<ref>http://issuu.com/eas-estonia/docs/wtoe_harjumk?e=1268773/4868082#222222</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tampa]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|142.633}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|130.3}} | style="background:#75ff76;" |{{nts|123}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|101}}<ref name="demographia" /> |- | [[Tangshan]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|105.3}} (2017) <ref name=":0" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|162.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|33.6}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]] |{{TWN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|86.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tbilisi]] |{{GEO}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|8.0}} (2017)<ref>http://geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=119&lang=eng</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Tehran]] |{{IRN}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|127}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tel Aviv]] |{{ISR}} | Western Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|153.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|122}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|114.8}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Thessaloniki]] |{{GRC}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|19.8}} (2011)<ref>[http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do '''Approx., 2011 est.''' / Eurostat.] {{Wayback|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |date=20100416165655 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122431/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |date=6 October 2014 }} Retrieved 11 May 2017.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tianjin]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|275.4}} (2017) <ref>{{cite web|title = National Bureau of Statistics of China|url = http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0105|website = http://data.stats.gov.cn|accessdate = 2017-08-25}}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|372.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|74}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|128.8}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Greater Tokyo Area|Tokyo]] |{{JPN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|1893}} (2015)<ref>http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/tnenkan/tn-eindex.htm</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|1617}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|1479}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|1874.7}} | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|1997.5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creativeclass.com/rfcgdb/articles/Global%20metropolis.pdf|title='''2009 est.''' / World’s Largest Metropolitan Regions by LRP|publisher=University of Toronto|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><br>{{nts|1,797.9}}<ref>'''2010 est.''' / [[JPY]] 157,820 billion according to [[Urban Employment Area]]. {{cite web|url = http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|title = Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data|publisher = Center for Spatial Information Science, [[University of Tokyo]]|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|access-date = 2018-07-20|archive-date = 2019-05-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502161110/http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/uea_data_e.htm|dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- |[[Toronto]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|303}} (2014)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www1.toronto.ca/static_files/economic_development_and_culture/docs/Economic%20indicators/economic_indicators.pdf |title=Economic Indicators |website=www1.toronto.ca |date= |accessdate=2017-04-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929112630/https://www1.toronto.ca/static_files/economic_development_and_culture/docs/Economic%20indicators/economic_indicators.pdf |archivedate=29 September 2017 |df=dmy-all }} Toronto CMA GDP was 334.1B CAD, converted at the average CAD/USD exchange rate of 1.104 for 2014.</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|276.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|253}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|270.0}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Toulouse]] |{{FRA}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|58.7}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|47.4}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tucson]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|37.040}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|41.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Tulsa]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|58.248}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|48.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" |{{nts|46.4}}<ref>'''2011 est.''', [http://usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0712/FullReport.pdf U.S. Metro Economies] {{Wayback|url=http://usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0712/FullReport.pdf |date=20120813002126 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813002126/http://usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0712/FullReport.pdf |date=13 August 2012 }} by IHS Global Insight for The U.S. Conference of Mayors</ref> |- | [[Turin]] |{{ITA}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|76.9}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|78.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|68}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Uberlandia]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|14.728}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Valencia]] |{{ESP}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|60.1}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|52.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Vancouver]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|109.8}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|95}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Venice-Padova]] |{{ITA}} | Southern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|62.2}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|57.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Vienna]] |{{AUT}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|131.9}} (2015)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|183.7}}<ref group="Note">This includes [[Bratislava]]</ref> | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|122}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Vilnius]] |{{LTU}} | Northern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|20.0}} (2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=8446&status=A |title=Statistinių rodiklių analizė |website=Osp.stat.gov.lt |date= |accessdate=2017-04-01 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2017-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821085627/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=8446&status=A |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | style="background:#50f231;" | | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|92.827}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" |{{nts|92.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Visakhapatnam]] |{{IND}} | South Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|43.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|6}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Vitória, Espírito Santo|Vitória]] |{{BRA}} | South America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|28.357}} (2011)<ref name="bra1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|35.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Warsaw]] |{{POL}} | Eastern Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|83.4}} (2016)<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|141.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|68}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|509.224}} (2016)<ref name="usa1" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|442.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | {{nts|375}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|392.2}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Wenzhou]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|80.8}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|101.9}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Winnipeg]] |{{CAN}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|32.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]] |{{USA}} | North America | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|44.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- |[[Wuhan]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|198.6}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|231.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|52}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|82.2}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Wulumuqi]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|59.6}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Wuxi]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|155.7}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|211.5}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" |{{nts|47.0}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Xiamen]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|64.4}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|76.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|30.4}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Xian]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|110.6}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|124.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|31}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|40.6}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Xuzhou]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|97.8}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|113.2}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | {{nts|22.4}} | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Yantai]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|108.7}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|149.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Zhengzhou]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|135.3}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|156.0}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Zhongshan]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|51.1}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|68.7}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Zhuhai]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" | {{nts|38.0}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|41.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Zibo]] |{{CHN}} | East Asia | style="background:#abd5f5;" |{{nts|70.8}} (2017) <ref name="ReferenceA" /> | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|100.3}} | style="background:#79ff76;" | | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |- | [[Zürich]] |{{CHE}} | Western Europe | style="background:#abd5f5;" | | style="background:#50f231;" | {{nts|109.1}} | style="background:#79ff76;" |{{nts|52}} | style="background:#FEE7F0;" | | style="background:khaki;" | |} {{clear}} * [[2018]] <references /> 94n630rvg9e3xa5dx9ce9nuatog1f3i 0 28535 297521 198106 2026-05-17T09:12:28Z XKeyse 16618 "Overhauling page to correct severe geographical propaganda. Formally establishing Qoob Fardood within the Wadaamagoo/Aynabo corridor based on coordinates from the 1982 U.S. Defense Mapping Agency Gazetteer (pp. 59, 160, 244) and 1890s primary British and Italian exploration records." 297521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Qoob Fardood | native_name = Qoob Fardood / Kob Fardod | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates = {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo District }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne"/> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett244">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett59">Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale''. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref> === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref name="NAI">National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Inclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Dispatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Destroyed cities]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] [[Category:Conflicts in 1901]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Dervish movement]] j35lg97ia5uk7sraip8wml5su67529v 297522 297521 2026-05-17T09:33:06Z XKeyse 16618 297522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Qoob Fardood | native_name = Qoob Fardood / Kob Fardod | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates = {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo District }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne"/> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett244">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett59">Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale'' === 19th-Century Foundation === The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale''. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899, p. 321.</ref> This sacred status is further corroborated by Captain Paget’s 1893 cartographic survey of Somaliland, which explicitly features the settlement node of Qoob Fardood, mapping the specialized religious compound under the label "The Temple." This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref>" This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref> . Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref> === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref name="NAI">National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Inclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> The fortified stockades of Kob Fardod were burned completely to the ground, though British forces left the central mosques completely untouched.<ref>McNeill, Captain Malcolm (1902). ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Dispatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Destroyed cities]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] [[Category:Conflicts in 1901]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Dervish movement]] dslc7xotmono82ym5dk5vmw8502u2fo 297523 297522 2026-05-17T09:51:37Z XKeyse 16618 297523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Qoob Fardood | native_name = Qoob Fardood / Kob Fardod | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates = {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo District }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne"/> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett244">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett59">Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale'' === 19th-Century Foundation === The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale''. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899, p. 321.</ref> This sacred status is further corroborated by Captain Paget’s 1893 cartographic survey of Somaliland, which explicitly features the settlement node of Qoob Fardood, mapping the specialized religious compound under the label "The Temple." This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref>" This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref>. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref> === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref name="NAI">National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Enclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> The fortified stockades of Kob Fardod were burned completely to the ground, though British forces left the central mosques completely untouched.<ref>McNeill, Captain Malcolm (1902). ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Dispatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Destroyed cities]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] [[Category:Conflicts in 1901]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Dervish movement]] 51x3lwyg2ld8v4jsjcjciogiymirs2t 297524 297523 2026-05-17T09:57:36Z XKeyse 16618 /* History */ 297524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Qoob Fardood | native_name = Qoob Fardood / Kob Fardod | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates = {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo District }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne"/> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett244">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett59">Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale'' === 19th-Century Foundation ==={{Infobox settlement | name = Qoob Fardood | native_name = Qoob Fardood / Kob Fardod | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates = {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo District }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale''. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899, p. 321.</ref> This sacred status is further corroborated by Captain Paget’s 1893 cartographic survey of Somaliland, which explicitly features the settlement node of Qoob Fardood, mapping the specialized religious compound under the label "The Temple." This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne"/> === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref>National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Inclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref name="NAI">National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Enclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> The fortified stockades of Kob Fardod were burned completely to the ground, though British forces left the central mosques completely untouched.<ref>McNeill, Captain Malcolm (1902). ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Dispatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Destroyed cities]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] [[Category:Conflicts in 1901]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Dervish movement]] ruk3uy2er402nu8ta3fxcrzpj9wbksc 297525 297524 2026-05-17T10:22:30Z XKeyse 16618 297525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates= {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne"/> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett244">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett59">Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale'' === 19th-Century Foundation ==={{Infobox settlement | name = Qoob Fardood | native_name = Qoob Fardood / Kob Fardod | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates = {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo District }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale''. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899, p. 321.</ref> This sacred status is further corroborated by Captain Paget’s 1893 cartographic survey of Somaliland, which explicitly features the settlement node of Qoob Fardood, mapping the specialized religious compound under the label "The Temple." This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne"/> === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref>National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Inclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref name="NAI">National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Enclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> The fortified stockades of Kob Fardod were burned completely to the ground, though British forces left the central mosques completely untouched.<ref>McNeill, Captain Malcolm (1902). ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Dispatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Destroyed cities]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] [[Category:Conflicts in 1901]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Dervish movement]] brt4iv48831nkv049z9euiszpt5o8jr 297526 297525 2026-05-17T10:25:17Z XKeyse 16618 297526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates= {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne"/> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett244">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett59">Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale'' === 19th-Century Foundation ==={{Infobox settlement | name = Qoob Fardood | native_name = Qoob Fardood / Kob Fardod | settlement_type = Historical Settlement and Area | coordinates = {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Somaliland | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Aynabo District }} '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale''. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899, p. 321.</ref> This sacred status is further corroborated by Captain Paget’s 1893 cartographic survey of Somaliland, which explicitly features the settlement node of Qoob Fardood, mapping the specialized religious compound under the label "The Temple." This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne"/> === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref>National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Inclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref name="NAI">National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Enclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> The fortified stockades of Kob Fardod were burned completely to the ground, though British forces left the central mosques completely untouched.<ref>McNeill, Captain Malcolm (1902). ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Dispatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Destroyed cities]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] [[Category:Conflicts in 1901]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Dervish movement]] h17cifgbvv2ht5r64srogn9xg0bb7qd 297527 297526 2026-05-17T10:31:10Z XKeyse 16618 297527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne"/> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett244">Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett59">Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale'' === 19th-Century Foundation === '''Qoob Fardood''' (orthographically variant as '''Kob Fardod''' or '''Kob Faradod''') is a significant 19th-century historical settlement, religious complex (''zawiya''), and geographical node located within the immediate valley corridor of Wadaamagoo in the Aynabo District of Somaliland.<nowiki><ref name="Burgett160">Burgett, Charles L. </nowiki>''Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names''. Washington, D.C.: Defense Mapping Agency, 1982, p. 160.</ref> Historically situated within the territorial range traditionally inhabited by Isaaq clan lineages (specifically subclans of the Habr Yunis and Habr Je'lo) since at least the 19th century, the site functioned as a central council ground and the formal administrative and sovereign birthplace of the early Somali Dervish movement in March and April of 1899.<ref name="Swayne">Swayne, H. G. C. ''Seventeen Trips Through Somáliland''. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.</ref> While localized linguistic disputes sometimes attempt to separate the spellings—drawing distinctions between the Somali words ''qoob'' (animal hoof) and ''kob'' (ankle)—19th-century European cartography and 20th-century international gazetteers confirm these are simply transliteration variants of the exact same geographical site near Wadaamagoo.<ref name="Burgett160"/> == Geography and True Coordinate Grid == Modern digital encyclopedic narratives and certain localized accounts regarding Qoob Fardood have been heavily impacted by deliberate administrative misdirection. External interest groups have frequently attempted to geographically displace the site into the Buuhoodle District or the Haud to alter historical clan and regional borders. However, official international cartographic and intelligence databases explicitly tie Qoob Fardood directly to the Wadaamagoo water system: * '''Qoob Fardood / Kob Faradod (Historical Settlement):''' Formally logged at coordinates {{coord|8|58|N|46|18|E|display=inline}}.<ref name="Burgett160"/> * '''Wadaamagoo (Populated Place):''' Mathematically logged at {{coord|8|55|N|46|17|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 244.</ref> * '''Dabar Dalol / Dhabar Dalool (Water Well):''' Situated at {{coord|8|57|N|46|20|E|display=inline}}.<ref>Burgett, Charles L. and Heyda, Charles M. ''Gazetteer of Somalia''. 1982, p. 59.</ref> This precise spatial grid places the historical complex within a brief walk of the centuries-old Berde (fig) tree of Wadaamagoo, a landmark standing directly in the center of the regional North-South highway corridor. == History == === 19th-Century Foundation === [[File:Captain Paget 1893 Map of Somaliland Qoob Fardood.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Captain Paget’s 1893 reconnaissance map featuring the Qoob Fardood settlement node designated under the label "The Temple."]] The settlement operated as an early Ahmadiyya-Rashidiyya Sufi center founded by local scholars. Italian geographer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti's 1891 accounts document that the original structures at "Copfardod" had been burned down and destroyed prior to his arrival, prompting local mullahs to establish a replacement compound near the well of Dhabar Dalool in Wadaamagoo.<ref>Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi. ''Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale''. Milan: Carlo Aliprandi, 1899, p. 321.</ref> This sacred status is further corroborated by Captain Paget’s 1893 cartographic survey of Somaliland, which explicitly features the settlement node of Qoob Fardood, mapping the specialized religious compound under the label "The Temple." This cartographic designation confirms that contemporary military reconnaissance recognized the site as a prominent, formalized sanctuary and religious institution years before it transitioned into a militarized base.<ref>Paget, Captain Arthur. ''Map of Somaliland: Compiled from Reconnaissance Surveys''. London: Intelligence Division, War Office, 1893.</ref> Between 1885 and 1893, Captain H. G. C. Swayne mapped the completed site, describing it as a "mullah's village named Kob-Fardód, with a little cultivation."<ref name="Swayne"/> === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref>National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Inclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] === The 1899 Council and Sovereignty Declaration === In late March 1899, Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman of the Habr Yunis arrived at the Wadaamagoo sector to forge an alliance with the regional religious leadership, establishing an independent state apparatus months before British colonial logs recognized the movement on the coast.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Despatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> Following an ultimatum regarding a stolen service rifle delivered by Camel Sowar Ahmed Adan on April 10, 1899, the unified leadership at Qoob Fardood dispatched an official diplomatic letter to the British Consul at Berbera, explicitly declaring: {{Quote|...This letter is sent by all the Dervishes... to the Ruler of Berbera. We say that we complain against you and against your subjects. Our camels are oppressed by you... I ask you, by God, by your Prophet, by your religion, and by your Church do not create disturbance in the country; for if you oppress us, beat our people, take our money, and imprison our people, we will leave coming to your country. We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. And how much of wisdom and forethought have we?|Dervish Council Letter to the Ruler of Berbera, late April 1899.<ref name="NAI">National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi. Foreign Department-External-B, August 1899, N. 33-234. Enclosure 5, No. 1: ''Statement by Ahmed Adan, Camel Sowar''.</ref>}} This primary archival record confirms that the governance structure of the Dervish Emirate—comprising its political Sultan (Sultan Nur), spiritual Amir, administrative Chiefs, and subjects—was fully operational and internationally communicative at Qoob Fardood by April 1899. === 1901 Expedition and Destruction === During Swayne's first expedition in May 1901, British mobile strike columns advanced from Burao through Ber and Eyl-Dab, targeting the valley stronghold. Swayne’s operational movements were initially delayed for two months due to late rains which denied grazing for his ponies and transport camels. On May 28, 1901, the fortified stockades at Qoob Fardood were captured and burned to the ground. However, British forces left the central mosques entirely untouched to prevent deeper religious provocations, permanently dismantling the site as an active operational base and forcing the Dervish core apparatus to relocate southeast into the Nugaal Valley.<ref>McNeill, Malcolm. ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah: Service and Sport in the Somali Protectorate''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1902, p. 88.</ref> The fortified stockades of Kob Fardod were burned completely to the ground, though British forces left the central mosques completely untouched.<ref>McNeill, Captain Malcolm (1902). ''In Pursuit of the Mad Mullah''. London: C. Arthur Pearson, p. 88.</ref> == Historiographical Discrepancies == Traditional Somali texts, including the works of Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise, frequently omit the true geographical positioning of the site, instead attributing the foundation of the complex to a later timeline (1897–1898) near the well of Qoryaweyn.<ref>Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise. ''Taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan''. Mogadishu, 1976.</ref> These subsequent narrative adjustments effectively obscured the pre-existing multi-clan religious and agricultural infrastructure built by earlier regional mullahs while Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was still residing on the coast in Berbera, where he only came to the attention of British coastal authorities in early 1899 due to localized livestock raiding disputes.<ref>Sadler, J. Hayes. ''Dispatch No. 30 to the Marquess of Salisbury''. Foreign Office Archives, April 1899.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dervish movement]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Aynabo District]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1901 disestablishments in Africa]] [[Category:Former populated places in Somaliland]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]] [[Category:Destroyed cities]] [[Category:Destroyed populated places]] [[Category:Zawiyas]] [[Category:Sufi shrines]] [[Category:Military history of Somaliland]] [[Category:Conflicts in 1901]] [[Category:History of Somaliland]] [[Category:Dervish movement]] mftr46ekeifiirjfafdi1e63xigvijo 0 33218 297507 289093 2026-05-17T02:54:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre|image=|caption=|bgcolor=Green|stylistic_origins={{flatlist| * [[Muusikada Kuuriya]] * [[Muusikada elektaroonigga|elektaroonigga]] * [[Muusikada pop|pop]] * [[dance music|dance]] * [[gospel music|gospel]] * [[rhythm and blues]] * [[hip hop music|hip hop]] * [[jazz]] * [[contemporary folk music|folk]] * [[classical music|classical]] * [[country music|country]] * [[rock music|rock]] * [[reggae]] * [[Experimental music|experimental]] }}|cultural_origins=1940s, [[Koonfur Kuuriya]]|derivatives=|subgenrelist=|subgenres=|fusiongenres=|regional_scenes=|local_scenes=|other_topics=|name=K-pop}}'''K-pop''' (케이팝; RR: ''keipap''), gaaban muusikada caanka ah ee Kuuriya ("'''K'''orean '''p'''opular music"), waa nooc muusig oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo qayb ka ah [[Dhaqanka Koonfur Kuuriya]].<ref name="Hartong 2006">{{cite book|title=Musical terms worldwide: a companion for the musical explorer|last=Hartong|first=Jan Laurens|year=2006|publisher=Semar Publishers|isbn=978-88-7778-090-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/musicaltermsworl0000hart/page/15 15]|url=https://archive.org/details/musicaltermsworl0000hart|url-access=registration|access-date=December 5, 2011|quote=Since the 1990s, popular genres like rap, rock and techno house have been incorporated into Korean popular music, setting the trend for the present generation of K-pop, which often emulates American models.}}</ref> Waxaa saamayn ku leh qaababka iyo noocyada ka socda adduunka oo dhan dusha sare ee xididdadeeda muusigga Kuuriya.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/12328829</ref> qaab casri ah oo ka mid ah noocyada ayaa soo baxay markii la sameeyay mid ka mid ah kooxihii ugu horreeyey ee K-pop, kooxda wiilasha Seo Taiji and Boys, sannadkii 1992. Tijaabintooda qaabab kala duwan iyo noocyada muusigga iyo is-dhexgalka qaybaha muusiga ee shisheeye ayaa gacan ka geystay dib-u-qaabaynta iyo casriyeynta  Muuqaalka muusigga ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120323001104 |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2014-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201202043/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120323001104 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[K-pop idol|Dhaqanka casriga ah ee "idol" ee K-pop]] wuxuu bilaabmay 1990-maadkii, markii K-pop uu u koray dhaqan-hoosaad kaas oo urursaday taageerayaal aad u fara badan oo ah dhallinta iyo dhallinyarada waaweyn.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/5638224/the-root-of-k-pop-the-influences-of-todays-biggest-acts</ref><ref>https://www.economist.com/asia/2010/01/25/hallyu-yeah</ref> Ka dib markii ay hoos u dhacday horaantii K-pop, laga bilaabo 2003 TVXQ iyo [[BoA]] waxay bilaabeen jiil cusub oo sanamyo K-pop ah oo jebiyey nooca muusigga suuqa jaarka ee Jabaan ah waxayna sii wadaan inay caan ku noqdaan K-pop maanta.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=j8lxCwAAQBAJ</ref> Iyada oo ay soo ifbaxeen adeegyada isku-xirka bulshada ee internetka iyo bandhigyada TV-ga Koonfur Kuuriya, faafinta hadda ee K-pop iyo madadaalada Koonfur Kuuriya, oo loo yaqaan [[Mowjadda Kuuriya]], laguma arko oo keliya Bariga Aasiya iyo Koonfur-bari Aasiya, laakiin sidoo kale [[Bakistaan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Hindiya]], Laatiin Ameerika, [[Waqooyiga Afrika]], [[Koonfurta Afrika]] iyo [[Bariga Afrika]], [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo guud ahaan [[Galbeed|dunida Galbeedka]], iyagoo helay dhagaystayaal caalami ah. Ereyga "K-pop" wuxuu caan ku noqday 2000-meeyadii. Markii hore, muusigga pop -ka ee Koonfur Kuuriya ayaa la oran jiray '''''gayo''''' (가요).<ref>https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46662&docId=2458624&categoryId=46662</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.nl.go.kr/ask/infoguide/view.jsp?recKey=5563739 |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2017-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602193923/http://www.nl.go.kr/ask/infoguide/view.jsp%3FrecKey%3D5563739 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> In kasta oo "K-pop" uu yahay erey guud oo loogu talagalay muusigga caanka ah ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed, haddana waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa dareen cidhiidhi ku ah nooca halkan lagu sharraxay.  Sannadkii 2018, K-pop wuxuu la kulmay koboc aad u weyn wuxuuna noqday "cayaaryahan awood" taasoo calaamad u ah kororka dakhliga 17.9%. Laga soo bilaabo 2019, K-pop wuxuu ku jiraa lambarka lixaad ee tobanka suuq ee muusigga ugu sarreeya adduunka sida uu qabo Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Warshadaha Farshaxanka "Warbixinta Muusikada Caalamiga ah ee 2019", iyadoo [[BTS]] iyo [[Blackpink]] lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin fanaaniinta hoggaaminaya kobaca suuqa.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/caitlinkelley/2019/04/03/kpop-global-bts-blackpink-grow/#7893c0e324e2</ref> Sanadkii 2020, K-pop waxay la kulantay sanad rikoor jabis ah markii ay la kulantay koror dhan 44.8% waxayna isu taagtay suuqa ugu weyn ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badan sannadka.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GMR2021_STATE_OF_THE_INDUSTRY.pdf |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2021-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325211040/https://ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GMR2021_STATE_OF_THE_INDUSTRY.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Cilmiga asalka ereyada == Isticmaalkii ugu horreeyay ee la yaqaan ee erayga K-pop wuxuu ka dhacay ''Billboard'' bishii Oktoobar 9, daabacaaddii 1999 dhammaadkii maqaal cinwaan looga dhigay "Koonfur Kuuriya Si Loogu Ogolaado Qaar Ka Mid ah Jabaan" ee Cho Hyun-jin, ka dibna wariye Kuuriya u ah  magazine, kaas oo u adeegsaday erey ballaadhan muusigga pop-ka ee Koonfur Kuuriya. Cho laftiisu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma hubo inuu isagu ereygan curiyay, maadaama maqaallada qaarkood ay sheegeen in erayga 'K-pop' uu mar horeba adeegsan jiray gudaha warshadaha muusiga, inkasta oo uusan waligiis si shaqsi ah u maqal.<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8532755/k-pop-billboard-20-years "20 Years of K-Pop at Billboard"]. ''Billboard''.</ref> == Astaamaha == === Nuxurka === In kasta oo K-pop guud ahaan loola jeedo muusigga pop-ka ee Koonfur Kuuriya, qaar baa u arka inay tahay nooc dhan oo dhan oo soo bandhigaya noocyo badan oo muusik iyo muuqaal ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://seoulbeats.com/2011/10/k-pop-music-for-the-eyes-or-for-the-ears/ |access-date=2021-08-19 |archive-date=2012-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412091354/http://seoulbeats.com/2011/10/k-pop-music-for-the-eyes-or-for-the-ears/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Institut national de l'audiovisuel wuxuu K-pop ku qeexaa "isku-darka muusikada la isku daray, hababka qoob-ka-ciyaarka ee fiiqan iyo moodada, dharka midabada leh".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131103182155/http://www.inaglobal.fr/en/music/article/k-pop-story-well-oiled-industry-standardized-catchy-tunes.</ref> === Tababbarka nidaamsan ee fannaaniinta === {{See also|#Warshadaha}}Wakaaladaha maamulka Kuuriyada Koonfureed waxay qandaraasyo adag siiyaan fannaaniinta iman kara, mararka qaarkood markay da 'yar yihiin.  Tababarayaashu waxay ku wada nool yihiin jawi nidaamsan waxayna saacado badan maalintii ku qaataan barashada sida loo heeso, dheesha, loogu hadlo luuqadaha ajnabiga, iyo inay sameeyaan xirfado kale si loogu diyaariyo kulankooda ugu horreeya. Nidaamkan tababarka ee "robotiga" ah ayaa inta badan waxaa dhaleeceeya warbaahinta reer galbeedka.<ref name="Chosun Ilbo">http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/27/2011102700691.html.</ref> Sannadkii 2012 -kii, Wargeyska ''The Wall Street Journal'' waxa uu qoray in kharajka tababarka hal farshaxaniiste oo hoos yimaada [[SM Entertainment]] uu celcelis ahaan gaaray 3 million oo Dollar.<ref>https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/02/06/can-girls-generation-break-through-in-america/.</ref> === Noocyada isku-dhafka ah iyo qiyamka caalamiga ah === [[File:Search_volume_for_kpop.svg|thumb|300x300px|Raadi mugga K-pop muddada 2008–2012 marka loo eego [[Google Trends]].]] K-pop waa badeecad dhaqameed oo leh "qiyam, aqoonsi iyo macneyaal ka baxsan qiimahooda ganacsi ee adag."<ref>{{Cite book|title=K-pop – The International Rise of the Korean Music Industry|last=Choi|first=JungBong and Roald Maliangkay|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781138775961|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggSNoAEACAAJ}}</ref> Waxaa lagu gartaa isku darka dhawaaqyada casriga ah ee reer Galbeedka iyo saamaynta Afrikaan-Ameerika (oo ay ku jiraan dhawaaqyada Hip-hop, R&B, Jazz, pop pop, nafta, funk, farsamada, diskooga, guriga, iyo Afrobeats) oo leh dhinac Kuuriyada waxqabadka (oo ay ku jiraan dhaqdhaqaaqyada qoob-ka-ciyaarka ee la iswaafajiyay, isbeddellada samayska iyo waxa loogu yeero "barta dheesha" oo ka kooban jillaab iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo muhiim ah oo soo noqnoqda).  Waxaa la xusay in ay jirto "aragti casriyeyn" ah oo ku jirta dhaqanka pop-ka Kuuriya.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Hybridity and the rise of Korean popular culture in Asia|volume=28|pages=25–44|year=2005|author=Doboo Shim|journal=National University of Singapore|doi=10.1177/0163443706059278|citeseerx=10.1.1.489.921|s2cid=204327176}}</ref> ==== Isticmaalka weedho Ingiriis ah ==== [[File:Yoon_Mi_Rae_and_Tiger_JK.jpg|alt=A woman and a man holding microphones. The man is gesturing to one side.|thumb|Farshaxanka Hip-hop-ka [[Yoon Mi-rae]] iyo seygeeda [[Tiger JK]] ee Drunken Tiger, ayaa lagu tiriyaa inay caan ka noqdeen hip-hop-ka Mareykanka ee Kuuriya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Park|first1=T. K.|last2=Kim|first2=Youngdae|title=A Brief History of Korean Hip-hop|url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/01/a-brief-history-of-korean-hip-hop.html|access-date=February 25, 2019|work=[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]]|date=January 15, 2019}}</ref>]] [[File:I_Am_Korea_concert_2015_g.o.d.jpg|alt=Five men singing, wearing black and white suits.|thumb|[[g.o.d]] ee "I Am Korea" xaflad, 2015]] K-pop-ka casriga ah waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay adeegsiga weedho Ingiriis ah. Jin Dal Yong oo ''Popular Music and Society'' wuxuu qoray in adeegsiga ay saameyn ku yeelan karto "Kuuriyaan-Mareykan iyo/ama Kuuriyaan ah oo wax ku bartay Mareykanka [kuwaas oo] si buuxda uga faa'iideysta af-ingiriisiga iyo kheyraadka dhaqanka ee aan inta badan laga helin kuwa lagu soo koray oo wax ku bartay Kuuriya."<ref name="Jin 113–1312">{{Cite journal|last1=Jin|first1=Dal Yong|last2=Ryoo|first2=Woongjae|date=December 13, 2012|title=Critical Interpretation of Hybrid K-Pop: The Global-Local Paradigm of English Mixing in Lyrics|journal=Popular Music and Society|volume=37|issue=2|pages=113–131|doi=10.1080/03007766.2012.731721|s2cid=143689845|issn=0300-7766}}</ref> Muusigga pop-ka Kuuriya ee heesayaasha ama kooxaha Kuuriya-Ameerika sida Fly to the Sky, g.o.d, Rich, Yoo Seung-jun, iyo Drunken Tiger waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeed Mareykan ah iyo erayo Ingiriis ah labadaba.  Muusigyadan fannaaniinta ah ee Kuuriya-Ameerika waxay leeyihiin qaab ka duwan muusigga Kuuriya ee caadiga ah, kaasoo soo jiita xiisaha dhallinyarada.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> Waxaa sii kordhaya, qorayaasha iyo soosaarayaasha heesaha shisheeye ayaa loo shaqaaleeyaa inay ka shaqeeyaan heesaha sanamyada K-pop, sida [[Will.i.am]] iyo Sean Garrett.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2011/apr/20/k-pop-sweden-pelle-lidell|title=Behind the music: What is K-Pop and why are the Swedish getting involved?|last=Lindvall|first=Helienne|date=April 20, 2011|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=March 27, 2012}}</ref> Fannaaniin shisheeye, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Akon]], [[Kanye West]], Ludacris, iyo [[Snoop Dogg]], ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay heesaha K-pop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2013/02/kpop-connections-infographic|title=The K-Pop/U.S. Music Connections You Never Knew Existed|last=Xu|first=Tina|publisher=[[Fuse (TV channel)|Fuse]]|access-date=March 7, 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235752/https://www.fuse.tv/2013/02/kpop-connections-infographic|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1098373/secrets-behind-k-pops-global-success-explored-at-sxsw-panel|title=Secrets Behind K-Pop's Global Success Explored at SXSW Panel|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|quote=The American hip-hop community's recent interest in K-pop has helped open a lot of doors for other artists and managers Stateside, too.|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=March 28, 2013|date=March 16, 2012}}</ref> Shirkadaha madadaalada waxay gacan ka geystaan ​​fidinta K-pop meelo kale oo adduunka ah iyada oo loo marayo habab kala duwan. Fannaaniintu waxay u baahan yihiin inay adeegsadaan Ingiriisiga maadaama shirkaduhu rabaan inay qabsadaan suuqyada qaybaha kale ee Aasiya, taasoo u saamaxaysa inay aakhirka furaan suuqa Galbeedka.  Inta badan fannaaniinta K-pop waxay bartaan Ingiriisiga maxaa yeelay waa luqad caan ka ah adduunka muusigga, laakiin fannaaniinta qaarkood waxay kaloo bartaan afaf kale oo ajnabi ah sida Jabaan si ay ugu soo dhowaadaan suuqa Jabaan.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> Sidoo kale, tirooyinka sii kordhaya ee kooxaha K-pop waxay adeegsadaan magacyada Ingiriiska halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen Kuuriya. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa heesaha iyo fannaaniinta in suuq loo geliyo dhagaystayaal ballaadhan oo adduunka ah.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /><!--Bariga Aasiya waxay leedahay luuqado badan oo kala duwan, taas oo ka dhigaysa duubista Ingiriisiga ikhtiyaar shaqo si loo buuxiyo farqiga luuqadda ee khalkhal gelinaya isgaarsiinta muusigga ee caalamiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, malaha sababta oo ah fannaaniintu ma rabaan inay qaataan halista ah inay soo bandhigaan aqoonsi khaldan, ikhtiyaarkan sida badan lama isticmaalo inta badan. Fanaaniinta fahmi kara labada dhaqan oo si fiican ugu hadla Ingiriisiga sida [[Tata Young]] iyo [[Utada Hikaru]] ayaa leh guusha ugu badan iyaga oo adeegsanaya habkan si ay u helaan suuqyo muusig oo caalami ah. Sababta inta jeer ee istiraatiijiyaddu ay aad ugu hooseyso ayaa ah in fannaaniin badan oo Aasiya Bari ahi aysan lahayn xirfado Ingiriis oo aad u wanaagsan, kuwaas oo dadku inta badan faallo ka bixiyaan heesaha Ingiriisiga heesaha. Waxaa ka sii muhiimsan, mawjadda muusigga ee Bariga Aasiya kaliya maahan dhawaaqyada iyo alaabada muusigga. Socodka luqadda iyo aqoonsiga ayaa la yimaada mowjadda Bariga Aasiya, in badan oo ka mid ah qulqulladan ayaa awood u siin doona cilmi -baarayaasha inay si fiican u fahmaan socodka caalamiga ah ee muusigga Bariga Aasiya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Benson|first=Phil|date=January 2013|title=English and identity in East Asian popular music|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/popular-music/article/english-and-identity-in-east-asian-popular-music/89BC456C9A2FEA66D58DC36FD613FB3B|journal=Popular Music|language=en|volume=32|issue=1|pages=23–33|doi=10.1017/S0261143012000529|issn=0261-1430}}</ref> -->Si kastaba ha ahaatee, adeegsiga Ingiriisiga ma damaanad qaadin sumcadda K-pop ee suuqa Waqooyiga Ameerika.  Faallooyinka qaarkood, sababta tan ayaa ah sababta oo ah nooca waxaa loo arki karaa inuu yahay nooc muusiko reer Galbeedka ah, taasoo ku adkeyneysa K-pop inuu ka helo oggolaanshaha suuqyadan.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> Sida laga soo xigtay cilmibaarista Elaine W. Chun, in kasta oo isku-dhafka ayaa marar badan ka muuqda K-pop, mararka qaarkoodna xitaa waxay ka dhigi kartaa taageerayaasha inay aad u jeclaadaan xiddigaha K-pop maxaa yeelay waa cusub, cusub oo xiiso leh, way adag tahay in la beddelo kuwa rumaysta  oo ku habboon luuqad saafi ah. Taas macnaheedu waa in qaabkii asalka ahaa ee luuqaddu ay weli adag tahay in la beddelo.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chun|first=Elaine W.|date=February 2017|title=How to drop a name: Hybridity, purity, and the K-pop fan|journal=Language in Society|language=en|volume=46|issue=1|pages=57–76|doi=10.1017/S0047404516000828|issn=0047-4045|doi-access=free}}</ref> Magacyada fannaaniinta, magacyada heesaha, iyo heesaha ayaa muujiyey koboc weyn xagga adeegsiga ereyada Ingiriisiga  Ma jiro heesayaal ku jira kontonkii jaantus ee ugu sareeyay 1990 magacyadooda Ingiriisiga ku lahaa: dadka ka shaqeeyey warshadaha muusigga Kuuriya waxay u arkeen iyagoo adeegsanaya magacyada Kuuriya heer ahaan.  Sannadkii 1995, fannaaniintii ugu caansanaa sida Kim Gun-mo, Park Mi-kyung, Park Jin-young, Lee Seung-chul, iyo Byun Jin-sub ayaa wali adeegsan jiray magacyada Kuuriya, laakiin afar iyo toban ka mid ah fannaaniinta iyo kooxaha ku jira kontonka sare magacyada Ingiriiska, oo ay ku jiraan DJ DOC, 015B, Piano, iyo Solid. Dhibaatadii dhaqaale ee 1997 ka dib, dawladdu waxay joojisay faafreebka heesaha Ingiriisiga waxayna Kuuriya bilaabatay inay ku booddo Ingiriisiga. Tan iyo dabayaaqadii 1990 -meeyadii, adeegsiga Ingiriisiga ee magacyada fannaaniinta, magacyada heesaha, iyo heesaha ayaa si dhakhso leh u koray. Toddoba iyo toban fannaniin ah oo ku jira kontonka sare ee sare waxay adeegsadeen magacyo Ingiriis sannadkii 2000, soddon iyo kowna waxay sidaas sameeyeen sannadkii 2005. Sannadkii 2010, kow iyo afartan fannaaniin ayaa magacyada Ingiriisiga ka dhex adeegsan jiray kontonka heesood ee ugu sarreeya, laakiin sida caadiga ah, saddex ama afar fannaaniin iyo koox ayaa ka badan hal ama laba heesood oo ku yaal shaxda isku mar. Magacyada Kuuriya (sida Baek Ji-young, Seo In-young, iyo Huh Gak) ayaa si aad ah loo arkaa, heesayaal badan oo K-pop ah ayaa leh magacyo Ingiriis ah (sida [[IU (singer)|IU]], Sistar, T-ara, GD & TOP, Beast, and [[After School]]). Waxaa xusid mudan, ilaa horraantii 1990 -meeyadii, fannaaniinta leh magacyo Ingiriis ah ayaa ku turjumi doona [[hangul]], laakiin hadda fannaaniintu waxay adeegsan doonaan magacyo Ingiriis ah oo lagu qoray xuruufta Roomaanka.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> ==== Dhaleeceynta aqoonsiga isku-dhafan ==== Waxaa jiray jawaabo xasaasi ah oo ku saabsan Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo ku saabsan aqoonsiga nooca tan iyo markii uu koray.  Qaar ka mid ah dhaleeceeyayaasha muusiga ee caanka ah ee gobolka ayaa ku dhaleeceeyay K-pop inay tahay "sumad warshadeed oo inta badan loogu talagalay inay kor u qaaddo sumadda qaranka ee suuqa adduunka bilowgii" waxayna ku doodeen inaysan "si iskeed ah u abuurin dhaqan pop qorshaha la soo abaabulay oo ay hoggaaminayso dowladda iyada oo tixgelin ganacsi la siinayo "in kasta oo xaqiiqda ah" noocyadu ficil ahaan xiriir kuma laha aqoonsiga Kuuriyada dhaqameed". Waxaa sidoo kale jira aragti ah in magaca hiddaha laga soo qaatay [[J-pop]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://h21.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/culture_general/29888.html|title=[레드 기획]케이팝, 진단이 필요해|website=h21.hani.co.kr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://ch.yes24.com/Article/View/24536|title=가요, 케이팝 그리고 너머|last=Shin|first=Hyun-joon}}</ref> K-pop ayaa mararka qaar la kulantay dhaleeceyn saxafiyiinta u aragta in muusikadu tahay qaaciido iyo mid aan asal ahayn.<ref name="fast music2">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2012/02/123_100092.html|title=K-pop grows on disposable 'fast music'|date=April 12, 2011|work=The Korea Times|access-date=March 27, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/725161/kpop-feature/|title=Hallyu, K-pop! Inside the weirdest, most lucrative global frenzy in music|last=Wang|first=Amy X.|date=July 30, 2016|work=QUARTZ|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2126242/k-pop-infectious-disease-not-cultural-export-be-proud|title=K-pop is an infectious disease, not a cultural export to be proud of|last=Lhatoo|first=Yonden|date=December 30, 2017|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/factory-girls-2|title=Factory Girls|last=Seabrook|first=John|date=October 8, 2012|work=The New Yorker|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah kooxaha K-Pop ayaa lagu eedeeyay inay khiyaameeyeen falalka muusigga reer Galbeedka iyo sidoo kale falalka kale ee muusigga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Herald|first=The Korea|date=2018-01-19|title=Star producer Teddy’s plagiarism controversies drag on|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180119000830|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.koreaherald.com|language=en}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, K-pop waxaa lagu dhaleeceeyay ku [[K-pop#Isticmaalka weedho Ingiriis ah|tiirsanaanta weedhaha Ingiriisiga]], iyada oo dadka naqdiya ay ku tilmaamaan adeegsiga Ingiriisiga cinwaannada "macno darro".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2011/apr/20/k-pop-sweden-pelle-lidell|title=Behind the music: What is K-Pop and why are the Swedish getting involved?|last=Lindvall|first=Helienne}}</ref> [https://ntnm.co.kr/ 엔타임뉴스] [https://wbwedding.co.kr 웨딩뉴스] Kooxaha K-pop-ka ayaa si joogto ah loogu eedeeyaa inay u [[Qoondaynta dhaqanka|qoondeeyeen dhaqammada]] sida dhaqanka Afrikaanka-Ameerika, gaar ahaan sababtuna tahay isticmaalka joogtada ah ee galleyda iyo baandooyinka ee kooxaha sanamyada qaab-dhismeedka masraxa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/kpop-hip-hop-culture-appropriation/|title=When K-pop culturally appropriates|last=Tucci|first=Sherry|date=April 2, 2016|work=The Daily Dot|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Kooxaha K-Pop ayaa sidoo kale lagu eedeeyay inay u qoondeeyeen Dhaladka Mareykanka<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://seoulbeats.com/2012/08/k-pop-and-cultural-appropriation-cool-culture/|title=K-pop and Cultural Appropriation: "Cool" Culture|date=August 24, 2012|work=Seoulbeats|access-date=April 10, 2018|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303052157/https://seoulbeats.com/2012/08/k-pop-and-cultural-appropriation-cool-culture/|url-status=dead}}</ref> iyo dhaqamada Hindida.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/ikrd/omg-ohmygirl|title=This K-Pop Girl Group Is Being Accused Of Appropriating Indian Culture|last=Dahir|first=Ikran|date=July 21, 2016|work=Buzzfeed|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dooddu waxay ku saabsan tahay in amaahda qaybaha dhaqanka ee dhaqammada ka baxsan Kuuriya ay dhab ahaan ka dhigan tahay qoondayn dhaqameed, ama haddii qoondayntan dhaqanku ay taban tahay haba yaraatee. Aqoonyahan Crystal S. Anderson ayaa qoray "in loo qoondeeyo waxyaabaha dhaqanka iyada oo laga saarayo macnahoodii hore oo loo adeegsado si gebi ahaanba ka duwan si toos ah uma noqonayso qoondayn dhaqan oo taban".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://highyellow.me/2013/01/12/of-misconceptions-about-cultural-appropriation-in-k-pop/|title=Of Misconceptions About Cultural Appropriation in K-pop|last=Anderson|first=Crystal|date=January 12, 2013|website=High Yellow|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> === Suuqgeynta ===<!-- Soo noqoshada (K-pop) dib-u-jeedinta halkan, tani waa sababta ereygaas loogu dhiirran yahay --> Hay'ado badan ayaa u soo bandhigay dhagaystayaal kooxo sanamyo cusub ah iyada oo loo marayo "shirkii ugu horreeyay", kaas oo ka kooban suuq -geynta onlaynka iyo dhiirrigelinta baahinta telefishanka ee ka soo horjeeda raadiyaha.<ref name="npr 20121012">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/10/12/162740623/gangnam-style-three-reasons-k-pop-is-taking-over-the-world|title=Gangnam Style: Three Reasons K-Pop Is Taking Over The World|last=Chace|first=Zoe|publisher=NPR|date=October 12, 2012|access-date=December 26, 2012}}</ref> Kooxaha waxaa la siiyaa magac iyo "fikrad", oo ay la socoto jillaab suuq geyn.  Fikradahaasi waa nooca mawduuca muuqaalka iyo muusigga ee kooxaha sanamyadu adeegsadaan marka ugu horreysa ama soo noqoshada.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/12-concepts-styles-korean-pop-stars|title=12 Concepts and Styles in K-Pop|date=February 8, 2016|work=The Odyssey Online|access-date=2018-11-15|language=en-us}}</ref> Fikradaha ayaa is beddeli kara inta u dhexeysa furitaannada iyo taageerayaasha inta badan waxay kala soocaan fikradaha kooxda wiilka iyo fikradaha kooxda gabdhaha.  Fikradaha ayaa sidoo kale loo qaybin karaa inta u dhexaysa fikradaha guud iyo fikradaha mawduucyada, sida quruxsan ama khiyaaliga ah.  Kooxaha sanamyada cusub ayaa badanaaba soo bixi doona iyaga oo wata fikrad si fiican suuqa looga yaqaan si ay u helaan guul guul leh.  Mararka qaarkood waaxyo-hoosaadyo ama kooxo-hoosaadyo ayaa laga dhex abuuraa xubnaha jira. Laba koox hoosaad oo tusaale ah waa Super Junior-K.R.Y., Oo ka kooban xubnaha Super Junior Kyuhyun, Ryeowook, iyo Yesung, iyo Super Junior-M, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kooxaha ugu badan ee iibiya K-pop ee Shiinaha.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/kpopkoreasmusica0000kall|url-access=registration|title=K-Pop: Korea's Musical Explosion|last=Kallen|first=Stuart A.|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|year=2014|isbn=9781467720427|page=[https://archive.org/details/kpopkoreasmusica0000kall/page/37 37]&ndash;38}}</ref> Suuqgeynta internetka waxaa ku jira fiidyowyo muusig oo lagu dhajiyay YouTube si loo gaaro dhagaystayaasha adduunka oo dhan.<ref name="npr 20121012" /> Kahor fiidiyaha dhabta ah, kooxdu waxay sii deyneysaa sawirro teaser ah iyo isjiidka.  Wareegyada dhiirrigelinta ee kelida xigta ayaa la yiraahdaa '''Soo noqoshada''' <!-- FIIRO GAAR AH: Ujeeddada laga iftiimiyay tan iyo erayga ayaa tilmaamaya halkan -->xataa marka muusik -yahanka ama kooxda su'aashu aysan joogsan.<ref name="ramstadwsj2">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/12/31/korea-counts-down-not-just-to-new-year-but-to-new-girls-album/|title=Korea Counts Down Not Just To New Year, But to New Girls' Album|last=Ramstad|first=Evan|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|quote=K-pop news sites for the past couple of weeks have seemed to have some new video or bit of Girls-related gossip to chew over once or twice a day. There's been a "drama" teaser and a "dance" teaser (that's the one above) and countdown videos from each of the group's nine members... One of the unique things about album releases by K-pop artists is that they are routinely called 'comebacks' even when there's been no evidence that the musician or group went away or, in the conventional sports usage of the term, experienced a setback or loss.|access-date=January 5, 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606142118/https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/12/31/korea-counts-down-not-just-to-new-year-but-to-new-girls-album/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Qoob ka ciyaarka === [[File:'강렬한_데뷔'_느와르,_한편의_느와르_영화_같은_격렬한_사운드_-NOIR_(디패짤).webm|start=60|end=130|thumb|Qoob-ka-ciyaarka "Gangsta", oo ah qoob-ka-cayaarka elektaroonigga ah ee Noir, waxaa ka mid ah barta dheesha.<ref>{{cite news|last1=정|first1=준화|title=[SC현장] "롤모델은 방탄소년단"...느와르, 벌써 '핫' 한 9인조 (종합)|url=http://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201804100100075380005500&servicedate=20180409|access-date=March 9, 2019|work=스포츠조선|date=April 9, 2018|language=ko}}</ref>]] Qoob-ka-ciyaarka waa qayb muhiim u ah K-pop.  Marka la isku darayo fannaaniin badan, fannaaniintu waxay badiyaa beddelaan boosaskooda marka ay heesaan iyo dheesha iyagoo dhaq -dhaqaaqyo dhaqso leh ka samaynaya isku -dheelitirnaanta, istiraatiijiyad la yiraahdo "is -beddelidda qaab -dhismeedka" (자리바꿈, ''Jaribaggum'').<ref name="Groove Nation">{{cite web|title=유튜브 센세이션, 그루브네이션(Groove Nation)과 인터뷰|url=https://kpopalltime.wordpress.com/tag/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8%EB%B8%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98/|access-date=December 27, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000717/https://kpopalltime.wordpress.com/tag/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8%EB%B8%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98/|archive-date=December 28, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Qoob-ka-ciyaarka K-pop (안무, ''Anmu'') inta badan waxaa ka mid ah waxa loogu yeero "barta dheesha" (포인트 안무), isagoo tixraacaya qoob -ka -ciyaarka oo ka kooban jillaab iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo soo noqnoqda oo dheesha dhexdeeda ah oo u dhigma astaamaha heesta.<ref name="asiaone">{{cite web|title=K-pop's second wave|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20110822-295555.html|access-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name="K-Pop success">{{cite web|title=K-Pop success for easy choreography|url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013041629988|access-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref> Super Junior ee "Sorry Sorry" iyo Brown Eyed Girls ee "Abracadabra" waa tusaalayaal heesaha leh qoob ka ciyaarka "barta" dheesha.  Si aad qoob -ka -cayaar ugu samayso hees waxay u baahan tahay in qorayaashu ay tixgeliyaan waqtiga.<ref name="the verge">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/18/3516562/k-pop-invades-america-south-korea-pop-music-factory|title=K-Pop takes America: how South Korea's music machine is conquering the world|date=October 18, 2012|access-date=December 27, 2017|website=The Verge}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Ellen Kim, oo ah qoob -ka -ciyaarka Los Angeles, awoodda taageere ee ah inuu sameeyo tillaabooyin isku mid ah waa in sidoo kale la tixgeliyaa. Sidaa awgeed, qoob-ka-ciyaarka K-pop waa inay fududeeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa.<ref name="the verge" /> [[File:(24K(투포케이))_4집_날라리(Superfly)_안무_영상_(사복ver.).jpg|alt=Seven young men performing synchronised dance moves, wearing casual clothing. Some of them have dyed hair.|thumb|24K qoob -ka -ciyaarka istuudiyaha tababarka]] Tababbarka iyo u diyaargarowga lagama maarmaanka u ah fannaaniinta K-pop si ay ugu guuleystaan ​​warshadaha iyo qoob-ka-ciyaarka si guul leh waa kuwo xooggan. Xarumaha tababarku waxay horumariyaan xirfadaha qoob -ka -ciyaarka ee dhalinyarada si loo siiyo fursad ay ku noqdaan heesaa.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|url=https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/8x49y3/inside-k-pop-training-centers-korea|title=Inside the Intense Training Centers Where Young Girls Compete to Be K-Pop Stars|date=October 5, 2016|work=Broadly|access-date=2018-10-15|language=en-us|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2018-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107104303/https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/8x49y3/inside-k-pop-training-centers-korea|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tababbarka jidhku waa midka ugu weyn ee xoogga la saaro dugsiga, maadaama inta badan jadwalka ardaygu ku salaysan yahay dheesha iyo jimicsiga.<ref name=":16" /> Summadaha madadaalada ayaa aad loo xushay, sidaa darteed in yar baa caan ka dhigta.  Ardayda dugsigu waa inay naftooda u huraan qoob-ka-ciyaarka si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan jadwalka xoogga leh ee ay qabtaan kooxaha K-pop.  Tani, dabcan, waxay ka dhigan tahay in tababarku sii socdo haddii la saxiixo. Shirkaduhu waxay leeyihiin xarumo tababar oo aad u weyn kuwa la doortay. <ref name=":16" /> === Moodo === {{See also|Moodo ee Koonfur Kuuriya}}Soo bixitaankii Seo Taiji and Boys 1992-kii waxay dhabaha u xaaraysay horumarinta kooxaha K-pop ee casriga ah.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Jin|first=Dal Yong|date=April 20, 2017|title=Critical Discourse of K-pop within Globalization|url=http://illinois.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.001.0001/upso-9780252039973-chapter-006|volume=1|language=en|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.003.0006|isbn=9780252098147|publisher=University of Illinois Press}}</ref> Kooxdu waxay wax ka beddeshay masraxa muusigga Kuuriya iyaga oo ku daray heesaha rap iyo heesaha hip-hop-ka Mareykanka muusikadooda.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lie|first=John|date=2012|title=What Is the K in K-pop? South Korean Popular Music, the Culture Industry, and National Identity|journal=Korea Observer|volume=43|pages=339–63}}</ref> Qaadashadan qaabka reer Galbeedka waxay ku fidday moodooyinkii ay xirnaayeen kooxda wiilka: xubnuhu waxay qaateen bilicsanaanta hip-hop.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=K-pop : popular music, cultural amnesia, and economic innovation in South Korea|last=John|first=Lie|isbn=9780520958944|location=Oakland, California|oclc=893686334|date=November 24, 2014}}</ref> Dharka Seo iyo koox-kooxeedyada wareegga xayeysiinta ee "Nan Arayo" (난 알아요, I Know) waxaa ku jiray dhar-waddo firfircoon sida funaanado waaweyn iyo funaanado dhidid ah, dabaylaha, guud-xidhashada hal suunka ah, jaakadaha duuban oo leh hal lug oo surwaal la duubay,  iyo funaanadaha kooxda isboortiga Mareykanka.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Maadaama K-pop "uu ka dhashay isbeddellada Seo kadib,"<ref name=":7" /> Muusikada caanka ah ee Kuuriyaanka oo isu beddelaysa warbaahinta ay dhallinyaradu ku badan tahay, kooxaha sanamyada dhallinta ee la soo saaray ayaa bilaabay dooddooda badhtamihii iyo dabayaaqadii 1990-meeyadii,<ref name=":6" /> xirashada dharka isku -duwaha<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171018000840|title=[Herald Interview] Girls' Generation's stylist caps K-pop fashion industry over years|last=Herald|first=The Korea|date=October 18, 2017|access-date=2018-05-07|language=en}}</ref> taas oo ka tarjumaysay isbeddellada moodada caanka ah ee dhallinyarada xilligaas. Moodo Hip-hop, oo loo tixgeliyey qaabkii ugu caansanaa dabayaaqadii 90meeyadii.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.retrowaste.com/1990s/fashion-in-the-1990s/|title=1990s Fashion: Styles, Trends, History & Pictures|website=www.retrowaste.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> [[File:BBV7.jpg|alt=Two women dancing, wearing colourful, trendy clothing and with exposed midriffs|thumb|Xubno ka tirsan [[Baby Vox]] oo soo bandhigaya ee 2004]] In kasta oo labiska kooxaha sanamyada labadoodaba lagu dhisay nidaamyo midab leh oo isku mid ah, marooyin, iyo qaabab, haddana dharkii uu xidhnaa xubin kasta ayaa wali sii wata shaqsiyaddii.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|jstor=10.3998/mpub.7651262|title=Hallyu 2.0: The Korean Wave in the Age of Social Media|last1=KWAK|first1=NOJIN|last2=RYU|first2=YOUNGJU|date=2015|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472072521|editor-last=Lee|editor-first=Sangjoon|doi=10.3998/mpub.7651262|editor2-last=Nornes|editor2-first=Abé Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0r8rQEACAAJ}}</ref> Dhinaca kale, kooxaha sanamyada dumarka ah ee '90meeyadii ayaa soo xirtay dhar isku mid ah, oo inta badan isku si loo qaabeeyo.<ref name=":8" /> Dharka loogu talagalay sanamyada dheddig inta lagu guda jiro dallacsiinta hore waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan muujinta sawir aan dambi lahayn, dhallinyaranimo.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Shim|first=Doobo|date=2006|title=Hybridity and the Rise of Korean Popular Culture in Asia|journal=Media, Culture & Society|volume=28|pages=29|doi=10.1177/0163443706059278|s2cid=204327176}}</ref> [[S.E.S. (band)|S.E.S.]] ee "[[I'm Your Girl (album)|I'm Your Girl]]" (1997), iyo [[Baby Vox]] "[[Ya Ya Ya]]" (1998) waxaa lagu soo bandhigay gabdho ku lebisan dhar cad, "To My Boyfriend" oo uu qoray [[Fin.K.L]] wuxuu muujinayaa sanamyo ku jira dharka iskuulka ee casaanka ah, iyo "One" iyo "End" ee Chakra ayaa soo bandhigay dharkii Hindiga iyo Afrikaanka. Maadaama K-pop uu noqday isku-dhafka casriga ah ee dhaqamada reer Galbeedka iyo Aasiya laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 2000-meeyadii,<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=10.5406/j.ctt18j8wkv.9|title=New Korean Wave|date=2016|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252039973|editor-last=JIN|editor-first=DAL YONG|series=Transnational Cultural Power in the Age of Social Media|pages=111–130|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.001.0001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IWjjgEACAAJ|last1=Jin|first1=DAL Yong|chapter=Critical Discourse of K-pop within Globalization}}</ref> moodada K-pop waxay muujisay kala duwanaansho iyo kala soocid sidoo kale.  Isbeddellada moodada laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 2000 -meeyadii illaa horraantii 2010 -yadii ayaa inta badan lagu kala saari karaa kuwa soo socda:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Yun|date=Spring 2012|title=K-pop 스타의 패션에 관한 연구|url=http://www.ksfd.co.kr/neowiz/board/up_files/files_1/2012_vol12no2_02_ky.pdf|journal=Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion Design|volume=12|issue=2|pages=17–37}}</ref> * Wadada: wuxuu diiradda saarayaa shaqsiyadda;  waxay leedahay midabyo dhalaalaya, qaab-dhismeed isku-dhafan, daabacaad garaafyo, iyo magacyo isboorti sida Adidas iyo Reebok.<!--Faallooyinkaasi waxay bixiyaan tusaalooyinka laga helay isha: (sida. 2NE1 - Fire, SHINee - Ring Ding Dong)--> * Retro: ujeeddadiisu tahay inay soo celiso "hore" laga soo bilaabo 1960 -kii illaa 1980 -yadii;  qoreysa dhibco daabacan iyo qaabab faahfaahsan. Alaabta dharka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah jaakadaha denim-ka, surwaalka kabaha lagu gooyay, surwaalka ballaaran, xargaha timaha, garbasaarrada, iyo muraayadaha qorraxda.<!--(sida. Wonder Girls - Nobody, Tiara - Roly Poly)--> * Galmada: waxay iftiiminaysaa dheddignimada iyo ragannimada; waxay soo bandhigtaa dhar muujinaya satin, xargo, dhogor, iyo maqaar.  Alaabta dharka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah goonnada yaryar, koorsooyinka, sharabaadadka saafiga ah, cidhibta dhaadheer, jaakadaha aan gacmaha lahayn, iyo funaanadaha la arko.<!--(sida. Girls' Generation - The Boys, After School, TVXQ - Mirotic, 2PM)--> * Madow & Caddaan: wuxuu xooga saaraa casriga iyo xiisaha leh, wuxuu astaan ​​u yahay xarrago iyo karti, inta badan lagu dabaqo xirashada rasmiga ah.<!-- (sida. Girls' Generation - Genie, Super Junior - Sorry Sorry, Beast - Fiction)--> * Futurism-ka: sida caadiga ah lagu xidho noocyada elektiroonigga ah iyo hip-hop;  wuxuu muujiyaa alaab midab leh, faahfaahin macdan ah iyo daabac;  wuxuu kor u qaadaa aragtida mustaqbalka.<!-- (sida. 2NE1 - I am the Best, Wonder Girls - Like Money)--> {{multiple image|align=left|total_width=1000|header=|image1=2NE1 2009 MAMA.jpg|alt1=Four women wearing colourful, mismatched casual clothing and trendy sneakers|caption1=2NE1 oo fulineysa I don't Care—tusaale qaabka wadada|image2=Wonder Girls from acrofan cropped.jpg|alt2=Five women with beehive hairstyles wearing matching golden sheath dresses and elbow-length gloves|caption2=Wonder Girls oo fulineysa Nobody—tusaale qaabka retro|image3=2PM,a Korean boy band - 5865346497 (cropped).jpg|alt3=Six men wearing form-fitting black sleeveless shirts, leather pants, and combat boots. They have prominent eye makeup and each has a different gelled hairstyle.|caption3=2PM—tusaale qaabka galmada|image4=MBLAQ_in_2010_(cropped).jpg|alt4=Five men with bowl haircuts and eyeliner wearing close-fitting, shiny suits—some black with white embellishment, others white with black embellishment.|caption4=[[MBLAQ]]— tusaale qaabka madow & caddaan|footer=}}{{clear}}K-pop wuxuu saameyn weyn ku leeyahay moodada Aasiya, halkaas oo isbeddellada ay sanamyada ka bilaabeen ay raacaan dhagaystayaasha dhallinta yar.<ref name="inquirer2">{{cite web|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/14895/k-pops-slick-productions-win-fans-across-asia|title=K-pop's slick productions win fans across Asia|date=September 21, 2011|publisher=Inquirer|access-date=April 2, 2012}}</ref> Sanamyada qaarkood waxay u dejiyeen xaalad sida astaamaha moodada, sida G-Dragon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/12/25/2012122500365.html|title=G-Dragon Voted Best-Dressed Celebrity of the Year|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=December 25, 2012|access-date=March 2, 2017}}</ref> iyo CL, oo si joogta ah ula soo shaqeeyay naqshadeeyaha moodada Jeremy Scott.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.papermag.com/jeremy-scott-and-cl-on-moschino-pop-culture-and-the-power-of-girls-1427634656.html|title=Jeremy Scott and CL On Moschino, Pop Culture and the Power Of Girls|last=PAPERMAG|website=PAPERMAG|access-date=April 12, 2016|date=August 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2253244/jeremy-scott-cl-paper-mag/|title=Bow Down To The Ultimate Besties Jeremy Scott And CL In 'Paper' Mag|website=MTV News|access-date=April 12, 2016|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423153209/http://www.mtv.com/news/2253244/jeremy-scott-cl-paper-mag/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay borofisar Ingyu Oh, "K-pop wuxuu xooga saaraa dhuuban, dhaadheer, iyo dheddig muuqaal ahaan qaangaarka ama mararka qaarkood aad u qurux badan wajiga, iyadoon loo eegayn inay yihiin fannaaniin lab ama dheddig ah."<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Ingyu|last=Oh|title=The Globalization of K-pop: Korea's Place in the Global Music Industry|access-date=January 15, 2020|url=https://www.academia.edu/4732546|page=402}}</ref> == Warshadaha == === Wakaaladaha === K-pop waxay dhalisay warshado dhan oo ka kooban guryo wax soo saar muusig, shirkado maareyn dhacdooyin, qaybiyayaal muusig, iyo badeecado kale iyo adeeg bixiyayaal.  Saddexda shirkadood ee ugu waaweyn xagga iibka iyo dakhliga ayaa kala ah [[SM Entertainment]], [[YG Entertainment]] iyo [[JYP Entertainment]], oo inta badan loogu yeero 'Saddexda Weyn'.<ref name="big32">{{cite web|url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2011072657978|title=The big 3 of Korean pop music and entertainment|date=July 26, 2011|publisher=The Dong-A Ilbo|access-date=February 5, 2012}}</ref> Summadahan diiwaanka ayaa sidoo kale u shaqeeya wakaaladaha wakiillada fannaaniintooda.  Waxay mas'uul ka yihiin qorista, maalgelinta, tababarka, iyo suuq-geynta fannaaniinta cusub iyo sidoo kale maareynta dhaqdhaqaaqyadooda muusigga iyo xiriirka dadweynaha.  Hadda, wakaaladda ugu saamiga badan suuqa waa SM.<ref name="big32" /> Sannadkii 2011, oo ay weheliyaan Star J Entertainment, AM Entertainment, iyo Key East, Shirkadaha Saddexda Weyn ayaa aasaasay shirkadda maareynta wadajirka ah United Asia Management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/09/united-asia-management-to-hold-a-talent-meeting-at-the-16th-busan-international-film-festival|title=United Asia Management to hold a 'talent meeting' at the 16th 'Busan International Film Festival'|date=September 8, 2011|publisher=Allkpop|access-date=March 1, 2012}}</ref><ref name="UAM2">{{cite web|url=http://www.hancinema.net/global-star-agency-united-asia-management-29846.html|title=Global Star Agency, United Asia Management|date=May 6, 2011|publisher=Hancinema|access-date=March 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uam.asia/|title=UAM -United Asia Management|website=uam.asia|access-date=April 12, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313204038/http://uam.asia/|archive-date=March 13, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Dakhliga guud ee summadaha rikoodhada K-pop (oo ah malaayiin doolarka Mareykanka ah) !Sanadkii la aasaasay !Calaamadda diiwaanka !2008 !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 !2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 !2020 !Source |- |1995 |[[SM Entertainment]] |42.5 |87.1 |129 |241 |268 |286.9 |290 |314 |329 |551 |592 |521 |<ref name="smbillion">{{cite magazine|title=S.M. Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=041510:KS|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|access-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302142038/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=041510:KS|archive-date=March 2, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[YG Entertainment]] |16.5 |51.8 |70.3 |96.9 |116.6 |156.3 |170 |286.4 |321.5 |242 |228 |229 |<ref>{{cite magazine|title=YG Entertainment (122870:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=122870:KS|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|access-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723213322/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=122870:KS|archive-date=July 23, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[JYP Entertainment]] |3.1 |9.1 |17.8 |13.5 |21.4 |48.5 |50.56 |69.5 |94 |111 |139 |129 |<ref>{{cite magazine|title=JYP Entertainment Corp (035900:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=035900:KS|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|access-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723213343/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=035900:KS|archive-date=July 23, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- |} === Qiimaha iibka iyo suuqa === Sannadkii 2009, DFSB Kollective wuxuu noqday qaybiyaha koowaad ee K-pop ee [[iTunes]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2013227,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829073951/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2013227,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 29, 2010|title=Korean Pop, with Online Help, Goes Global|date=August 26, 2010|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|quote=DFSB Kollective was the first company to begin direct distribution of Korean music acts on iTunes, in 2009. It began with more than 50 Korean artists in the alternative, hip-hop and electronica genres; now there are hundreds of Korean artists available in the online music store.|access-date=April 3, 2013}}</ref> Sanadkii 2011, 1,100 album ayaa laga sii daayay Koonfur Kuuriya. Nooca hip-hop wuxuu lahaa matalaadda ugu badan, saddex meelood laba meel wadarta albumyada.<ref name="케이팝에 왜 열광하지?…케이팝의 두 얼굴2">{{cite news|url=http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=30120109101331|last=이|first=동연|date=January 11, 2012|newspaper=PRESSian|language=ko|script-title=ko:"케이팝에 왜 열광하지?"…케이팝의 두 얼굴|access-date=March 11, 2012}}</ref> Saddex-meelood meel albumsyadu waxay ka yimaadeen noocyo kala duwan.<ref name="케이팝에 왜 열광하지?…케이팝의 두 얼굴2" /> Sannadkii 2012, celceliska qiimaha helitaanka heesaha K-pop ee Koonfur Kuuriya ayaa gaadhay US $ 0.10 si loo soo dejiyo hal mar, ama $ 0.002 markii lagu baahiyay internetka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/cashing-gangnam-styles-youtube-fame|title=PSY's riches from 'Gangnam Style' not made at home|agency=Associated Press|quote=South Koreans pay less than $10 a month for a subscription to a music service that allows them to download hundreds of songs or have unlimited access to a music streaming service. That makes the cost of a downloaded song about 10 cents on average. The average price for streaming a song is 0.2 cents.|access-date=December 30, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113112915/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/cashing-gangnam-styles-youtube-fame|archive-date=January 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://world.time.com/2012/03/07/south-koreas-greatest-export-how-k-pops-rocking-the-world/|title=South Korea's Greatest Export: How K-Pop's Rocking the World|date=March 7, 2012|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 28, 2013|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916232241/http://world.time.com/2012/03/07/south-koreas-greatest-export-how-k-pops-rocking-the-world/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="billboardrevenue3">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/474456/psys-gangnam-style-the-billboard-cover-story?page=0%2C1|title=PSY's 'Gangnam Style': The Billboard Cover Story|last=Kwak|first=Donnie|quote=The Korean music industry grossed nearly $3.4 billion in the first half of 2012, according to Billboard estimates, a 27.8% increase from the same period last year.|work=Billboard|access-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Dakhliga iibka ee warshadaha muusikada ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed laga soo bilaabo 2014 illaa 2018 (bilyan doolarka Mareykanka) |- |- |- !Sanad !Lacagta |- !2014 !4.1 |- !2015 !4.5 |- !2016 !4.75 |- !2017 !5.2 |- !2018 !5.5 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Soo-koobidda Suuqa Suuqa (Muddo 5-sano ah) (Bilowga soo-koobidda sannadka) summadaha diiwaanka (ee Kuuriya Won (KRW) !Calaamadda diiwaanka !2017 !2018 !2019 !2020 !2021 !source |- |[[SM Entertainment]] |26,000 KRW |33,700 KRW |52,200 KRW |37,200 KRW |29,900 KRW |<ref name="smstocks"><nowiki>{{cite google|title=S.M. Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=</nowiki>https://www.google.com/finance/quote/041510:KOSDAQ?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV14CRvKzwAhXTN30KHaxrByQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&window=5Y</ref> |- |[[JYP Entertainment]] |4,880 KRW |13,350 KRW |30,250 KRW |24,200 KRW |37,800 KRW |<ref name="JYPstocks"><nowiki>{{cite google|title=JYP Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|</nowiki>https://www.google.com/finance/quote/035900:KOSDAQ?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOz5uwvKzwAhVTHzQIHaNZBr4Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&window=5Y</ref> |- |[[YG Entertainment]] |28,400 KRW |27,600 KRW |48,900 KRW |28,400 KRW |45,100 KRW |<ref name="YGstocks"><nowiki>{{cite google|title=YG Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=</nowiki>https://www.google.com/finance/quote/122870:KOSDAQ?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN8_GhiKXwAhXZJTQIHfWZCc0Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&window=5Y</ref> |- |} === Jaantusyada diiwaanka === Jaantusyada rikoodhka Kuuriya waxaa ka mid ah Kuuriya [[K-Pop Hot 100]] iyo [[Shaxda Dijital Gaon|Shaxda Heesaha Gaon]].  Qaar ka mid ah diiwaannada K-pop ayaa ka muuqday [[Oricon Albamyada Shaxda]] ee Jabaan iyo [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] ee Mareykanka.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/6084721/exo-k-overdose-ep-enters-billboard-200</ref><ref>http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/bts-make-history-as-they-become-the-first-korean-band-to-enter-the-official-albums-chart-with-wings__16676/</ref><ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7542131/bts-wings-highest-charting-best-selling-kpop-album-billboard-200</ref><ref>http://headlineplanet.com/home/2017/02/12/bts-spring-day-not-today-reach-top-20-us-itunes-sales-chart-you-never-walk-alone-also-rising/</ref><ref>http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/foo-fighters-secure-their-fourth-number-1-on-the-official-albums-chart-with-concrete-and-gold__20501/</ref><ref>Thomas, C. (2018). BTS: The K-Pop Group That Finally Won America Over. Forbes.Com, 5.</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200901173118/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9442836/bts-dynamite-tops-hot-100-chart</ref><ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8462635/blackpink-k-pop-history-hot-100-billboard-200</ref> === Nidaamka tababbarka === {{See also|Qandaraaska addoonta|label 1=}}Sida waafaqsan K-pop-ka casriga ah, tababarayaashu waxay maraan nidaam tababar oo adag waqti aan la cayimin kahor intaan la bilaabin.  Habkan waxaa caan ku ahaa Lee Soo-man, aasaasihii S.M,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/lee-soo-man-taking-korean-pop-culture-global|title=Lee Soo Man: Taking Korean Pop Culture Global|website=Stanford Graduate School of Business|access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> oo qayb ka ah fikradda lagu tilmaamay "farsamada dhaqanka".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/factory-girls-2|title=Factory Girls|last=Seabrook|first=John|date=October 8, 2012|newspaper=The New Yorker|issn=0028-792X|access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> ''The Verge'' ayaa tan ku tilmaamay nidaam "xad-dhaaf ah" oo ah maareynta farshaxanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/18/3516562/k-pop-invades-america-south-korea-pop-music-factory|title=K-Pop takes America: how South Korea's music machine is conquering the world|last=Flatley|first=Joseph|website=The Verge|access-date=October 19, 2012|date=October 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name="newforce392">''K-Pop: A New Force in Pop Music'', p. 39</ref> Sababtoo ah muddada tababarka, oo socon karta sannado badan, iyo xaddiga badan ee hay'adaha maalgashiga ee la siinayo tababarayaashooda, warshaduhu aad bay u culus yihiin inay bilaabaan fannaaniin cusub. Tababarayaashu waxay geli karaan wakaalad iyagoo adeegsanaya baaritaanno ama la baari doono, oo marka la qoro la siiyo hoy iyo fasallo (caadiyan heesta, qoob ka ciyaarka, iyo luqadaha shisheeye sida Mandarin, Ingiriis iyo Jabbaan) inta ay isku diyaarinayaan kulankooda ugu horreeya. Dhalinyarada tababbarka ah ayaa mararka qaarkood iskuulka taga waqti isku mid ah  Ma jiro xadka da'da si aad u noqotid tababaraha mana jiro wax ku eg muddada uu qofku ku qaadan karo tababar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2014/08/02/how-korea-became-the-worlds-coolest-brand/|title=How Korea became the world's coolest brand|date=August 2, 2014|newspaper=Financial Post|access-date=January 18, 2015|first=Melissa|last=Leong}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/05/03/journey-to-k-pop-star-i-am|title=Journey to K-Pop Star, 'I Am.' – Korea Real Time|last=Woo|first=Jaeyeon|date=May 3, 2012|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=September 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/4143/20120207/yg-jyp-sm.htm|title=KPop's Frontiers: How Does the Big 3 Teach Foreign Languages to Their Trainees?|date=February 7, 2012|publisher=Kpopstarz.com|access-date=March 1, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210222849/http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/4143/20120207/yg-jyp-sm.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Telefishanka === [[File:20160730-P1000788_(28888844071).jpg|right|thumb|Kooxda gabdhaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee ka kooban 11-ka xubnood ee I.O.I waxaa lagu soo ururiyey barnaamijka telefishanka Produce 101.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Herman|first1=Tamar|title=Temporary K-Pop Acts Like Wanna One, JBJ & I.O.I Are the New Norm|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8454629/temporary-k-pop-acts-wanna-one-jbj-ioi-new-norm|access-date=March 9, 2019|work=Billboard|date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>]] Warshadaha muusigga Kuuriya waxay dhaleen bandhigyo TV oo badan oo la xiriira, oo ay ku jiraan bandhigyo hibo leh sida ''Superstar K,'' ''K-pop Star'', ''Show Me the Money,'' ''Unpretty Rapstar,'' and many other shows, which commonly pit trainees against each other in order to form a new idol group. iyo bandhigyo kale oo badan, kuwaas oo inta badan iska hor keena ardayda si ay u sameeyaan koox sanam oo cusub. Tusaalooyinka bandhigyada badbaadada waxaa ka mid ah ''MyDOL''-ka Jellyfish Entertainment, oo sameeyay kooxda wiilka VIXX.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sung Si Kyung to feature debut process of idol stars through 'Mydol'|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2012/03/sung-si-kyung-to-feature-debut-process-of-idol-stars-through-mydol#axzz2r72X3ocq|access-date=March 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/5428/my-dols-ten-potential-members-revealed-ahead-of-show-premiere|title=Jellyfish Male Trainees Revealed Ahead of ′My Dol′ Premiere|publisher=CJ E&M enewsWorld|access-date=March 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329114621/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/5428/my-dols-ten-potential-members-revealed-ahead-of-show-premiere|archive-date=March 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[YG Entertainment]] ee ''WIN: Who Is Next'', oo sameeyay kooxda Winner; ''MIX&MATCH'', oo sameeyay kooxda iKon; [[JYP Entertainment]] ee ''[[Sixteen (TV series)|Sixteen]]'', oo sameeyay kooxda [[Twice]]; Starship Entertainment's ''No.Mercy'', oo sameeyay kooxda Monsta X; Cube Entertainment's ''Pentagon Maker'', oo sameeyay kooxda Pentagon; [[Mnet]] ee ''Produce 101'', oo sameeyay kooxda I.O.I, Iz*One, iyo Wanna One iyo X1;<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sung|first1=So-young|title=TV competition aims to form a K-pop supergroup|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3014227|work=[[JoongAng Ilbo#Korea JoongAng Daily|Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=January 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kim|first1=Ji-young|title=Produce 101' girl group to be named 'IOI'|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201604011905149913238_2|website=Kpop Herald|access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Ref1">{{cite web|last1=Ko|first1=Dong-hwan|title=101 girls down to 'I.O.I'|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2016/04/201_201874.html|website=Korea Times|publisher=The Korea Times|access-date=April 7, 2016|date=April 4, 2016}}</ref> Duble Kick Entertainment ee ''Finding Momo Land'', oo sameeyay kooxda Momoland; Mnet ee ''Idol School,'' oo sameeyay kooxda Fromis 9; iyo kii ugu dambeeyay, Belift Lab ee ''I-Land'', oo sameeyay Enhypen. Kordhinta bandhigyadan, oo inta badan ku lug leh hay'ado waaweyn oo qandaraas siiya tababarayaasha hay'adaha yar yar kooxaha mashruuca oo qaadanaya qayb weyn oo dakhliyada ah, ayaa horseeday dhaleeceyn ku aaddan ka-hor-tagga warshadaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8031250/k-pop-audition-shows-produce-big-results-south-korea-music-industry|title=K-Pop Audition Shows Produce Big Results, But Cause Concerns Over Industry's Future|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=December 11, 2017|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171025000927|title=Yet another idol competition show 'The Unit' unveiled|last=Hong|first=Dam-young|date=October 25, 2017|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> === Dhaleeceynta dhaqamada warshadaha === ==== Musuqmaasuqa ==== Sannadkii 2002, majaladda ''[[Majladda Time|Time]]'' ayaa soo warisay in soo-saareyaasha telefishanka Kuuriya sida Hwang Yong-woo iyo Kim Jong-jin loo xiray inay "aqbaleen lacag-bixinno miiska hoostiisa ah oo dammaanad-ka-bixitaannada TV-ga u muujinaya fannaaniinta iyo fannaaniinta damacsan" si ay wax uga qabtaan "musuqmaasuqa nidaamsan"  ganacsiga muusikada ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed ". Shirkadaha la baaray waxaa ka mid ahaa SidusHQ iyo S.M.<ref name="autogenerated12" /> ==== Ka faa'iidaysiga iyo duruufaha nololeed ee liita ==== Shirkadaha maamulka K-pop ayaa sidoo kale lagu dhaleeceeyay ka faa'iidaysiga sanamyada iyada oo loo marayo shaqo-dhaaf iyo qandaraasyo xaddidan, oo lagu tilmaamay "qandaraasyada addoonta" warbixin ''BBC''.<ref name="BBCdark4">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13760064|title=The dark side of South Korean pop music|date=June 14, 2011|access-date=January 6, 2012|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay ''The Hollywood Reporter'', "Ganacsiga madadaalada ee Kuuriya ayaa caan ku ah wax-ka-beddel la'aan iyo sharci la'aan. Xiddigaha K-pop-ka loo baahan yahay-oo badankoodu yihiin 'sanamyo' dhallinyaro ah '-ayaa lagu yaqaannay inay ku celceliyaan oo ay hurdo la'aan seexdaan."<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/south-korean-law-protect-young-717098|title=South Korean Law to Protect Young K-Pop Stars From Sexualization, Overwork|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> Bishii Luulyo 2009, S.M. waxaa maxkamad geeyey TVXQ iyo xubin Super Junior ah, kuwaas oo ku andacooday in xaaladooda shaqo ay horseeday waxyeelo caafimaad darro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=10722|title=Will TVXQ Stay Together?|date=October 28, 2009|work=KBS World|access-date=October 28, 2009}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>http://star.mt.co.kr/view/stview.php?no=2009122215270135930&type=1&outlink=1</ref> Go’aanka maxkamadda ee dacwada TVXQ ayaa lagu go’aamiyay heshiiska ay la galeen S.M. madhan, oo ugu dambayntii Guddida Ganacsiga Caddaaladdu waxay sii daysay tusaalooyin qandaraas si ay u habayso xaaladaha warshadaha.<ref name="BBCdark4" /> Sannadkii 2014 -kii, Koonfur Kuuriya waxay meel -marisay sharci lagu hago warshadaha muusigga, iyadoo sanamyada ka yar 19 jir ka ilaalinaya dhaqamada foosha xun iyo bandhigyada galmada<ref>[http://www.wonderingsound.com/news/south-korea-passes-law-regulating-k-pop-industry/ South Korea Passes Law Regulating K-Pop Industry] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wonderingsound.com/news/south-korea-passes-law-regulating-k-pop-industry/ |date=20140804122719 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804122719/http://www.wonderingsound.com/news/south-korea-passes-law-regulating-k-pop-industry/|date=August 4, 2014}} WonderingSound.com (July 8, 2014). Retrieved on August 3, 2014.</ref> iyo damaanad qaadka "xuquuqda aasaasiga ah ee wax-barashada, nasashada iyo hurdada".<ref name=":02" /> Ku guul darreysiga u hoggaansanaanta xeerarkan waxay horseedi kartaa ganaax u dhigma US $ 10,000.<ref name=":02" /> Xirfadlayaasha warshadaha sida Kim Young-min ayaa difaacay nidaamka, iyagoo ku doodaya in shaqsiyaadka lagu dhex tababaray nidaamka “aysan ka duwanayn carruurta caadiga ah ee dugsiga dhexe ama sare, kuwaas oo aada barnaamijyada dugsiga kadib si ay ugu ciriiriyaan imtixaannada gelitaanka kulliyadda”.  Kim wuxuu kaloo ku dooday inay jirto baahi loo qabo in la tixgeliyo kharashaadka ay shirkaddu gashay muddadii uu tababarku socday, oo ay ku jiraan "tas -hiilaadka, qalabka, dharka, iyo ku dhawaad ​​wax kasta oo tababaruhu u baahan yahay".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Gil-Sung|date=2013|title=Manufacturing Creativity: Production, Performance|url=https://www.ekoreajournal.net/sysLib/down.php?file=..%2FUPLOAD%2FT_articles%2F2(Gil-Sung_PARK).pdf|journal=Korea Journal|volume=53|issue=4|pages=14–33|doi=10.25024/kj.2013.53.4.14|doi-access=free|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2021-08-20|archive-date=2018-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082058/https://www.ekoreajournal.net/sysLib/down.php?file=..%2FUPLOAD%2FT_articles%2F2(Gil-Sung_PARK).pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Maarso 7, 2017, Guddiga Ganacsiga Caddaaladda ee Koonfur Kuuriya (KFTC) ayaa meel mariyay xeerar cusub si looga ilaaliyo sanamyada tababbarka sharuudaha aan caddaaladda ahayn iyo xaaladaha shaqada. Xeerarkan ka hor, sanamyada tababbarka ee siddeed hay'adood oo sanamyada looma oggola inay qandaraas ka raadsadaan hay'ad kale intii ay tababarka ku jireen. Intaa waxaa dheer, hay'aduhu waxay awoodeen inay joojiyaan heshiiska tababaraha wakhti kasta sabab kasta ha ahaatee. Guddiga Cadaaladda wuxuu sheegayaa inay rumaysan yihiin in isbeddelladaani "ay ka dhalan doonaan dhaqan heshiis oo caddaalad ku dhisan oo ku dhex jira warshadaha madadaalada ee u dhexeeya tababaraha iyo hay'adda." Hadda, xeerarkani waxay khuseeyaan oo keliya siddeed wakaaladood oo sanamyo waaweyn laakiin Wasaaradda Dhaqanku waxay damacsan tahay inay xeerarkan ku dabaqdo dhammaan hay'adaha jira 2018 oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koreaboo.com/longform/new-contractual-changes-cause-concern-within-music-industry|title=New contractual changes cause concern within music industry|date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> ==== Galmada iyo ka faa'iidaysiga galmada ==== {{Main|Galmada iyo ka faa'iidaysiga galmada ee K-pop}}Warshadaha ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay galmo galinta labada fannaaniin lab iyo dheddig, iyadoo galmo ahaan loo geeyay carruurta aan qaangaarka ahayn.<ref name="sexualizing">{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110720000617|title=Should a law ban sexualizing of K-pop teens?|last=Power|first=John|date=July 20, 2011|work=Korea Herald|access-date=April 10, 2018|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411180723/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110720000617|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dhaleeceeyayaasha ayaa ku dooday gabdhaha gabdhaha ah ee heesaya inay si gaar ah ugu nugul yihiin cadaadiska inay xirtaan dhar qaawan ama qoob ka ciyaar.<ref name="sexualizing" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la barbardhigo muusikada caanka ah ee reer galbeedka, K-pop wuxuu leeyahay galmo yar, daroogo, ama dabeecad dagaal badan wuxuuna leeyahay sumcad waalidnimo badan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oakeley|first1=Lucas|title=How K-pop became a propaganda tool|url=https://theoutline.com/post/4269/k-pop-propaganda-south-korea-north-korea-demilitarized-zone?zd=1&zi=nms4d5dz|access-date=April 25, 2018|work=[[The Outline (website)|The Outline]]|date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> ==== Caafimaadka maskaxda ==== Qaar ka mid ah fanaaniinta K-pop ayaa soo jeediyay in hubanti la’aanta iyo cadaadiska shaqooyinkooda ee madadaalada ay wax u dhimi karto caafimaadkooda maskaxeed.<ref name="kyung">{{cite web|last=Herman|first=Tamar|title=2018 Sees K-pop Stars Addressing Mental Health Stressors in Industry|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8369832/k-pop-stars-talk-mental-health|date=April 23, 2018|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref> Ismiidaaminta fannaaniinta caanka ah ee K-pop ayaa soo jiitay cadaadiska warshadaha.<ref name="variety mental health">{{cite news|last1=Kil|first1=Sonia|title=Jonghyun Suicide Note Points to Brutal Pressure of Korean Spotlight|url=https://variety.com/2017/music/asia/shinee-jonghyun-dies-dead-suicide-note-k-pop-pressure-1202644698/|access-date=January 27, 2019|work=Variety|date=December 19, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 1996-kii, fannaanka Charles Park, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Seo Ji-won, ayaa ku dhintay ismiidaamin isagoo 19 jir ah, ka hor intii aan la sii dayn albumkiisii ​​labaad.<ref name="variety mental health" /><ref>{{cite web|title=History of K-pop: 1992-1995, The Beginning|url=http://seoulbeats.com/2016/01/history-of-k-pop-1992-1995-the-beginning/|website=seoulbeats|access-date=January 27, 2019|date=January 10, 2016|archive-date=Bisha Koobaad 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104230923/http://seoulbeats.com/2016/01/history-of-k-pop-1992-1995-the-beginning/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kim Jonghyun, oo hore u furfurnaa taariikhdiisa [[Niyadjabka|niyad-jabka]], ayaa sidoo kale ku dhintay is -dilid bishii Diseembar 2017.<ref name="variety mental health" /> Gugii 2018, tiro ka mid ah fannaaniinta caanka ah ee Kuuriya ayaa ka qaybgalay taxane riwaayad oo lacag la'aan ah si kor loogu qaado wacyiga ka-hortagga is-dilka.<ref name="kyung" /> Sanadkii 2019, geeridii [[Sulli]] ee is -dilida muuqata, waxaa xigay geeridii [[Goo Hara]], oo labaduba loo geystey xoog sheegashada internetka, oo lagu daray baaqyada dib-u-habeynta.<ref>{{cite web|last=Park|first=Ju-won|title=Singer Goo Hara's Death Shines Light on the Dark Side of K-Pop|url=https://time.com/5741058/dark-side-of-kpop-pressure-death/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128225033/https://time.com/5741058/dark-side-of-kpop-pressure-death/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 28, 2019|date=November 28, 2019|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kwon|first=Jake|title=After another K-pop death, spotlight turns to difficulties faced by industry's 'perfect' stars|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/30/entertainment/kpop-pressures-goo-hara-sulli-intl-hnk-scli/index.html|date=December 2, 2019|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=Are Jonghyun, Sulli and Goo Hara victims of the K-pop industry?|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3042466/are-jonghyun-sulli-and-goo-hara-victims-k-pop-industry|access-date=2021-02-24|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == [[yue: K-pop]] <references /> [[Category:K-pop]] go7imivuqy11v1wlz1p107zlbj1qi4t 0 34565 297520 231435 2026-05-17T05:46:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Logo_of_Japan_Cricket_Association.png|thumb|right|500px|]] '''Waddanka Japan Cricket''' https://cricket.or.jp/en/ {{Wayback|url=https://cricket.or.jp/en/ |date=20220224142651 }} * {{Flag|Japan}} * [[ICC]] * [[ICC Asia]] 9g71o3p8bjgn4smnejbbvw8ds22bxct 0 35067 297518 242401 2026-05-17T05:05:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shineemada Sacuudi Carabiya''' waa warshad yar oo cadaalad ah oo soo saarta filim sannad kasta. Marka laga reebo hal tiyaatar [[IMAX]] oo ku yaal [[Khobar]], ma jirin wax shineemo ah oo ku yaal Sacuudi Carabiya 1983 ilaa 2018,<ref name="mansour">{{cite web|last1=Lapin|first1=Andrew|title=Wadjda director Haifaa Al Mansour|url=http://thedissolve.com/features/interview/168-wadjda-director-haifaa-al-mansour/|website=Dissolve|access-date=25 November 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=3 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103131510/http://thedissolve.com/features/interview/168-wadjda-director-haifaa-al-mansour/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> inkastoo mararka qaar la hadal hayay furitaanka tiyaatarada filimada, 2008-dii waxaa la kireeyay qolalka shirarka si loogu muujiyo filimka majaajilada ah ee ''Mennahi''.<ref>{{cite web|title=SAUDI ARABIA: Going to the movies for the first time in decades|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2008/12/saudi-arabia--1.html|website=latimesblogs.com|access-date=14 October 2014|date=23 December 2008}}</ref> Sucuudiga oo raba inuu daawado filimada ayaa sidaas ku sameeyay dayax-gacmeedka, [[DVD]], ama muuqaal.  Shineemooyinka ayaa la mamnuucay muddo 35 sano ah<ref>{{cite web|last1=Petroff|first1=Alanna|title='Black Panther' comes to Saudi Arabia as movie theater ban ends|url=http://money.cnn.com/2018/04/18/media/saudi-arabia-movies-black-panther-amc/index.html|website=CNN.com|date=18 April 2018|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-date=18 Bisha Afraad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418202432/http://money.cnn.com/2018/04/18/media/saudi-arabia-movies-black-panther-amc/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ilaa shaleemadii ugu horeysay ee Sacuudi Carabiya laga furay 18 Abriil 2018 ee [[Riyadh]].  [[AMC Theatres]] ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay furto ilaa 40 shineemo ilaa 15 magaalo oo Sucuudiga ah shanta sano ee soo socota.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43652893 Sh but Khalid is the kingaudi cinema screens reopen on 18 April 'with Black Panther']</ref> Dawladdu waxay rajaynaysaa in marka la gaadho 2030, Sucuudigu hore u lahaan doono in ka badan 300 oo tiyaatar oo leh in ka badan 2,000 oo shaashado filim ah.<ref name=":0" /> ''[[Keif al-Hal?]]'', oo la sii daayay 2006dii, wuxuu ahaa filimkii ugu horreeyay ee Sacuudi Carabiya; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lagu soo sawir dalka Imaaraadka Carabta, waxaana jilaasay atariisho u dhalatay dalka Urdun. Filimkii ''[[Wadjda]]'' ee 2012 wuxuu lahaa jilayaal Sucuudi ah<ref name="Davies">{{cite web|last1=Davies|first1=Catriona|title=The film director who's not allowed to go to the movies|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/25/world/meast/saudi-film-wadjda-mansour/index.html|website=CNN World. Inside the Middle East|access-date=14 October 2014|ref=25 May 2012}}</ref> wuxuuna ahaa filimkii ugu horeeyay ee gabi ahaan laga soo duubo Sacuudiga.<ref name="rt">{{cite web|title=rotten tomatoes. Wadjda|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/wadjda_2013/|website=rottentomatoes.com|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref> Filimka ''[[Barakah Meets Barakah]]'' oo uu sameeyay agaasime Mahmoud Sabbagh ayaa lagu duubay magaalada [[Jidda]] sanadkii 2015-kii, waxaana la daah-furay [[Filimka Caalamiga ee Berlin Dabaaldag|Bandhigga Filimada Caalamiga ee Berlin]] 66-aad, isagoo noqday filimkii ugu horreeyay ee ka qayb-qaata xafladda. [[Sameera Aziz]] waa filim sameeyihii ugu horreeyay ee Sacuudiga u dhashay ee ka shaqeeya shaleemada Hindiya ee caanka ah ee [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/511994/bollywoods-first-saudi-filmmaker-works.html|title=Bollywood's first Saudi filmmaker works on maiden venture|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref> Shineemada Sacuudiga, mid gudaha laga soo saaro ama ha noqoto mid shisheeye, waxay saaran tahay [[Faafreebka Sacuudiga|faafreeb Sacuudiga]]. == Tix == 4tgfbkyuh2tw3isw80myt37f7riw8ob 0 35373 297509 256963 2026-05-17T03:10:54Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umbro logo (current).svg|thumb|right|300px|]] '''Kubedka Umbro CAF Toghu''' * [[CAF]] * [[FIFA]] ==Warka== https://en.africatopsports.com/2022/01/06/umbro-and-tiktok-to-build-african-football-in-partnership-with-caf/ {{Wayback|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2022/01/06/umbro-and-tiktok-to-build-african-football-in-partnership-with-caf/ |date=20220129201013 }} rk6yql67hhlqk2jl3vbq2oa0rny0j9f 0 37054 297514 243441 2026-05-17T04:56:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sacad bin mucaad RC''' [[saxaabi]] ka mid ahaa hogaamiyayaasha [[ansaar]], wuxuu hogaamin jiray qabiilka [[Aws]] ka hor hijrada, [[muscab bin cumeyr]] ayuu gacantiis kusoo islaamay, qabiilkiis ayaa ku raacay diinta, Sacad wuxuu ku jiray saxaabada uu nabiga scw kala tashado arimaha soo wajaha, sanadkii 5aad ee hijiriga ayuu sacad u dhintay dhaawac ka soo gaaray [[Dagaalkii Dhufeysyada|dagaalkii axzaab]], carshiga ilaahay ayaa la gariiray geeridiisa. {| class="infobox" align="right" style="font-size: 95%; border:5px solid; border-color:green; background-color: lightgray; text-align: left;" |- {{#if:|{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" {{!}} [[File:|200px|]]<br />{{{caption|}}}}} | colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; background-color: green; text-align: center;" | '''sacad bin mucaad<br />سعد بن معاد<br /> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: orange" |[[saxaabi]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |xog ku saabsan |- !aabihiisa: |mucaad bin nucmaan |- !hooyadii |kabsha binti raafic |- !Dhashay: |32 sano ka hor hijrada |- !Ku dhashay: |[[Medina|Madiina]] |- !Diintiisa: |[[Islaam]] |- !xaaska |Hinda binti samaak |- !ilmahiisa |Camar, cabdulaahi |- !walaalihiis |aws bin mucaad, xaaris bin mucaad |- !Dhintay: |5H |- !Ku dhintay: |[[Medina|Madiina]] |} == Horaantiisa == “Waa sacad bin mucaad bin imrail-qeys Al-ashhali al-ansaari” kunyadiis waa “abuu camar” hooyadii magaceed waa “kabsha binti raafic bin cubeyd bin saclaba” way islaamtay nabiga scw ayee la mubaayacootay. Islaamka ka hor Wuxuu ka mid ahaa madaxda [[ansaar]], qabiilka [[Aws]] ayuu sayid u ahaa, [[dagaalkii bucaas]] ee dhacay islaamka ka hor ayuu qeyb ka qeyb qaatay. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inuu ahaa qof midabkiisu cad yahay, gar qurxoon, qaab wanaagsan, joog dheer oo muuqaal qurxoon leh.<ref>https://www.qisassy.com/story-saad-ibn-muadh/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | قصصي</ref> == Islaamidiisa == Wuxuu ahaa Nebiga scw inuu qabiilada carabta la kulmaayo xiliyada xajka iyo meelaha kale ee leysugu imaado asigoo ugu yeeraayo diinta islaamka, Sanadkii 10aad ee soosaaridiisa lix ka mid ah reer madiina ayuu kula kulmay xajka wey islaameen <ref>محمود شلبي (1988)، حياة سعد بن معاذ (الطبعة الأولى)، بيروت: دار الجيل، صفحة 36-41. بتصرّف إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-DIFysx2LqI-1 </ref> sanadkii xigay labo iyo toban ayee ku imaadeen weyna islaameen, waxey kula mubaayacoodeen nabiga scw [[buurta caqabo]] agteeda, baacadaan ayaa loo yaqaanaa [[beeca caqaba koowaad]], intaa ka dib waxey ka dalbadeen Nebiga scw inuu ku daro qof diinta ugu yeero dadkooda, wuxuu raaciyay nabiga scw [[muscab bin cumeyr]]<ref>[https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-750#page-748 الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد البغدادي، ترجمة مصعب بن عمير، جـ 3، صـ 87، طبعة دار الكتب العلمية - بيروت، الطبعة الأولى سنة 1990م] {{Wayback|url=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-750#page-748 |date=20170113063038 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113063038/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-750|date=13 يناير 2017}} {{وصلة مكسورة|تاريخ=2020-10-13|bot=JarBot}}</ref>. [[Muscab bin cumeyr|Muscab]] wuxuu tagay [[Medina|madiina]] guriga [[Ascad bin zuraara]] ayuu dagay faafinta diinta ayuuna bilaabay, aad ayee u faaftay dacwada guri kasta ayeena oo [[Medina|madiina]] ku yaala ayee gashay. [[Useyd bin xudeer]] iyo sacad bin mucaad ayaa kulmeen waxey ka soo horjeesteen [[Muscab bin cumeyr|muscab]] dacwada uu wado, sacad wuxuu dhahay ninkaan ascad baa ku xushmeynaa maahee meel baa saari lahaa, [[Useyd bin xudeer|useyd]] ayaa dhahay kaaga filan wuu soo aaday dhankooda, muscab ayaa dhahay: '''"'''fariiso oo na dhageyso hadaa ku raali noqoto waa aqbalaysaa hadaa nacdana waa ku dhaafeynaa'''"''' wuu ka yeelay [[Muscab bin cumeyr|muscab]] wuxuu u sharxay diinta, markiiba wuu ku qancay wuxuu dhahay waa diin wanaagsan sidee loo galaa muscab ayaa u qiray ashahaadada, useyd wuxuu dhahay: '''"'''qof baa iga dambeeyo haduu islaamo ay cid tolkiisa ah ayna ka hareenin hada ayaana nii soo diraa'''"''' [[Useyd bin xudeer|useyd]] wuxuu soo diray sacad bin mucaad markuu u tagay wuxuu ogaaday inuu [[Useyd bin xudeer|useyd]] ayaga raacay, [[ascad bin zuraara]] ayuu ku jeestay wuxuu ku dhahay: aniga qaraabada iga kaa dhaxeeso maahee maanta igama dalbeen midkaan ma guryaheena ayaa noo keenee waxaa naceeno. [[Muscab bin cumeyr|Muscab]] ayaa dhahay "bal fariiso oo maqal waxaa wadno hadaa ku qanacdo waa aqbalaysaa hadaa nacdana waa kaa tageenaa" sacad ayaa ogolaaday, muscab ayaa u bandhigay diinta wuxuuna ku dul aqriyay quraanka, qalbigiisa ayaa Alla ku hanuunshay islaamka, wuxuu dhahay maxaa sameeyaa saa diinta u soo galo, waxey dhaheen qubeyso oo dahaaro qaado ka dib ashahaadada qir sidii ayuu yeelay <ref> محمود شلبي (1988)، حياة سعد بن معاذ (الطبعة 1)، بيروت :دار الجيل ، صفحة 40-41. بتصرّف. إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-901b5f20_d401_4fa6_ad3b_cecb9cb8d2ed-2 </ref> Tolkiisa banii cabdi ashahl ayuu u tagay wuxuu ku dhahay: "Aniga sidee dhexdiina ku ahay?" waxey ugu jawaabeen "sayidkeena tahay, kan noogu talo fiican baa tahay" wuxuu ku dhahay: "hadaba hadalkiina xaaraan buu iga yahay ilaa aa ka islaamtaan" walaahi galabtii lama gaarin way wada islaameen<ref name="الذهبي1">[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&ID=64&idfrom=68&idto=69&flag=0&bk_no=60&ayano=0&surano=0&bookhad=0 سير أعلام النبلاء» الصحابة رضوان الله عليهم» سعد بن معاذ (1)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925170539/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=68&idto=69&bk_no=60&ID=64|date=25 سبتمبر 2017}}</ref>, sacad iyo [[Useyd bin xudeer|useyd]] ayaa u istaagay duminta sanbyada ree banii cabdi ashahl, gurigii sacad ayaa noqday xurunta cusub ee dacwada<ref> محمد عبد الوهاب (1418)، مختصر سيرة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم (الطبعة 1)، المملكة العربية السعودية :وزارة الشئون الإسلامية والأوقاف والدعوة والإرشاد، صفحة 120. بتصرّف. ↑ محمود شلبي (1988)، حياة سعد بن معاذ (الطبعة 1)، بيروت :دار الجيل ، صفحة 40-41. بتصرّف. إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-901b5f20_d401_4fa6_ad3b_cecb9cb8d2ed-2 </ref>. == Hijrada ka dib == hijrada ka dib wuxuu ku soo dhaweeyay rasuulka scw [[Medina|madiina]] wuxuuna kala qeyb galay dagaalada, mawaaqif dhowr ah oo geesinimadiisa muujineesa ayuu lahaa, sida [[Dagaalkii Beder|dagaalkii badar]] nabiga scw Markuu ka talo dalbay wuxuu dhahay: ku soco rasuulka Allow waxaa doonto anaga waa kula jirnaa xitaa bada hadaa gasho waa kula galeenaa qofna naga hari maayo waxaa xaqiiq ah inuu Alla naga kaa tuso waxaa ku faraxdo, ku soco barakada Alla<ref>حسن مشاط (1426)، إنارة الدجى في مغازي خير الورى صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم (الطبعة 2)، جدة :دار المنهاج ، صفحة 398-399. بتصرّف. إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-38e724d4_5ace_4e3d_a4bb_91f72b8a6aa9-11</ref>. markii gaalada ay go'doomiyeen muslimiinta ku dhawaad bil oo culeys badan soo food saaray muslimiinta wuxuu ku fakaray Nebiga scw inuu la galo hishiis oona siiyo 1/3 timirta [[Medina|madiina]], [[sacad bin mucaad]] iyo [[sacad bin cubaada]] ayuu kala tashaday, Sacad RC wuu diiday seef waxaa ahayn inuu ku wajaho gaalada wuxuuna dhahay waxey doonaan ha sameeyaan. [[Banii qureyda]] markii go'doonka ku dheeraaday oo quus dareemeen waxey ku dageen xukunka sacad bin mucaad oo xiligii jaahiliga saaxiibo ahaan jireen <ref> خالد خالد (2000)، رجال حول الرسول (الطبعة الأولى)، بيروت: دار الفكر، صفحة 371-372. بتصرّف. ↑ رواه البخاري، في صحيح البخاري، عن أبي سعيد الخدري، الصفحة أو الرقم: 4121، صحيح. ↑ أبو نعيم الأصبهاني (1998)، معرفة الصحابة (الطبعة الأولى)، الرياض: دار الوطن، صفحة 1243، جزء 3. إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-3tDtowxwLu-9 </ref>. Wuxuu wariyay '''[[abuu saciid khudri]] RC''' “'''Rasuulka''' '''scw ayaa u wacay sacad wuxuu yimid asigoo fuula dameer, markuu u soo dhawaaday masjidka, ayuu nabiga scw ku dhahay ansaarta u istaaga sayidkiina, wuxuu dhahay kuwaan waxey ku soo dageen xukunkaaga wuxuu dhahay waa la dilaa dagaalyahanadood caruurtaadana waa la qafaalanaa wuxuu dhahay waxaa ku fulisay xukunka Allah''' <ref> رواه البخاري، في صحيح البخاري، عن أبي سعيد الخدري، الصفحة أو الرقم: 4121، صحيح. ↑ أبو نعيم الأصبهاني (1998)، معرفة الصحابة (الطبعة الأولى)، الرياض: دار الوطن، صفحة 1243، جزء 3. ^ أ ب عز الدين ابن الأثير (1994)، أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة (الطبعة الأولى)، بيروت: دار الكتب العلمية، صفحة 461، جزء 2. بتصرّف إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-Jxs6zMDMtx-11 </ref>” == Dhimashadiisa == [[Dagaalkii Dhufeysyada|Dagaalkii khandaq]] waxaa soo gaaray sacad dhaawac waran oo halboolaha ka gooyay<ref>{{استشهاد ويب|مسار=https://www.arabcont.com/magala/details-922-13-1.aspx|عنوان=:: مجلة المقاولون العرب ::|موقع=www.arabcont.com|تاريخ الوصول=2020-04-13|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413104910/https://www.arabcont.com/magala/details-922-13-1.aspx|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-04-13}}</ref>, waxaa lagu celiyay [[Medina|madiina]] teendho uu nabiga scw ka dhisay [[Masjidka Nabiga|masjidka]] agtiisa ayaa la dhigay si dadka u booqdaan <ref name="أسد">[https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1110/page-2161 أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة - سعد بن معاذ] {{Wayback|url=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1110/page-2161 |date=20170330021433 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330021433/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1110/page-2161|date=30 مارس 2017}}</ref>, Nabiga scw ayaa gubay gacantiisa dhaawicii wuu is qabsaday <ref name="سعد3">[https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-981#page-989 الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد - سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذِ (3)] {{Wayback|url=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-981#page-989 |date=20171229123328 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224120102/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-981|date=24 فبراير 2017}}</ref>, sacad wuxuu ku duceestay inuu ilaahay dilin ilaa uu ka arko masiirka yahuuda [[banii qureyda]] ee buriyeen balankii ay la galeen rasuulka scw, ilaahayna wuu ka qabalay oo asaga ayaaba xukmiyay sida laga yeelaayo [[banii qureyda]]. Ka dib gacantii ayaa furantay dhiig, markuu arkay Nebiga scw xaaladiisa wuu ka murugooday garkiisa ayuu qabtay wuuna qoor dhaafsaday ilaa uu ka dhinto, Nabiga scw iyo saxaabada ayaa ku tukadeen waxaa loo qaaday oo lagu aasay [[qabuuraha baqiic]]<ref name="سعد4">[https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-981#page-992 الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد - سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذِ (4)] {{Wayback|url=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-981#page-992 |date=20171229123328 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224120102/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-1686/page-981|date=24 فبراير 2017}}</ref>. Dhimashad sacad waxey ahayd sandii 5aad ee hijriga bil ka dib [[Dagaalkii Dhufeysyada|dagaalkii axzaab]] <ref name="الإصابة1">[https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-9767/page-1301 الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة - سعد بن معاذ (1)] {{Wayback|url=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-9767/page-1301 |date=20170202080411 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202080411/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-9767/page-1301|date=02 فبراير 2017}}</ref> == Fadligiisa == waxaa janaasadiisa ka qaybgalay todobaatan kun oo [[Malag|Malak]] oo sii galbinaysa maydkiisa siina sagootinaysa, waxaa kale oo geeridiisa awgeed gariiray ama gilgilmay carshiga Raxmaanka, waxaan ruuxdiisa loo furay Samooyinka<ref>أبو نعيم الأصبهاني (1998)، معرفة الصحابة (الطبعة الأولى)، الرياض: دار الوطن، صفحة 1242-1243، جزء 3. بتصرّف إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-xE14F3xosM-16</ref>. Wuxuu yiri rasuulka scw mar loo soo hadiyadeeyay maro qurux badan oo saxaabada la yaabeen “'''istiraashada sacad ee Janada aa ka qurxoon midkaan'''” <ref>رواه البخاري ، في صحيح البخاري ، عن البراء بن عازب ، الصفحة أو الرقم:3802، صحيح إقرأ المزيد على موضوع.كوم: https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0#cite_note-b2d56d29_ac3f_4135_812f_da25b66b285d-5</ref> Ilaahay raali haka ahaado saxaabiga Sacad ibnu Mucaad. == Xigasho == <nowiki/> [[Category:Saxaabada]] lqvz15v4k15c3k1fwbaar1quq90ccsb 0 37877 297512 295440 2026-05-17T04:29:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qabyaalada''', '''Qabiileysi''' ama '''Qoloqoleysi''' ([[ingiriis]]: Tribalism, [[carabi]]: قبلية) waa nooc oo ka mid ah [[midabtakoor]]. Waa na marxalada tiro [[dad]] ah isku ururiyaan, yimaadaan, hiishadaan, taageeraan ama iskugu xidhan yihiin ayagoo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya yahay in hal [[qabiil]] ka soo wada jeedaan ama heyb wadaagaan, kuwaasi oo daacad u ah danaha qabiilka isla markaana u hogaasan danta beeshaas ama qabiilkaasi laguna colaadiyo oo lagu naco cidaha kale. Qabyaaladu waxay ka mid tahay waxyaabaha ugu liita dhaqanada aduunka ee baabi'in kara bulsho kasta xataa hadii ay [[diin]], dhaqan, [[deegaan]], [[luuqad]] iyo wadan wadaagaan. Tusaale fiican waxaa u ah dhibaatada ay [[Soomaaliya]] la kuftey ee ilaa maanta ka soo kaban laadahay. Qabyaalada waxa Ku Adeegta Qof Aan is Garanayn cida uu yahay Aminsanayna in uu leyahay Awoodo dabeeci ah oo uu ku gaadhi karo waxa uu rabo inuu qabyaalad ku gaadho qof qabyaalad isticmaala ama wehel ka dhigtaa ma garanayo Awoodo naftiisa ku jirta iskumana kalsoona inuu shaqsi ahaanti wax qabsan karo oo uu Guulaysan karo. Sida la wada ogyahay mar hadddii dadku diintooda ka runsheegaan oo caqiidadu si fiican uga daadagto waxaa ka baxaya haraadigii aragtiyaha xun xun, iyo qiimayntii khaldanayd ee wax lagu miisaami jiray, == Islaamka meesha uu ka istaagay qabyaalada == Islaamku intuusan iman ka hor waxa jiray qabyaalad iyo colaad u dhaxaysay dadkii waqtigaas joogay ee carabta dhexdeeda iyo carabta cajamta ahaa, markay islaamka soo wada galeen waxaa ka baxay halkaas nacaybkii u dhexeyay oo ay sababta u ahayd diin la'aanta iyo gaalnmada, * ilaahay s.w.t wuxuu leeyahay (يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِنْ نِسَاءٍ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهُنَّ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِالْأَلْقَابِ بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ ) * wuxuu kaloo leeyahay:   (يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ ) * wuxuu kaloo leeyahay   (وَاعْتَصِمُواْ بِحَبْلِ اللّهِ جَمِيعًا وَلاَ تَفَرَّقُواْ وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُمْ أَعْدَاء فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا وَكُنتُمْ عَلَىَ شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُم مِّنْهَا كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ) * nabigu scw wxuu leeyahay ( لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى عَصَبِيَّةٍ وَلَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ قَاتلَ عَلَى عَصَبِيَّةٍ وَلَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ مَاتَ عَلَى عَصَبِيَّةٍ) * wxuu kaloo leeyahay  (إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَوَاضَعُوا حَتَّى َلا يَفْخَرَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ ولا يَبْغِ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ). * wuxuu kaloo leeyahay (إن الله عز وجل قد أذهب عنكم عبية الجاهلية وفخرها بالآباء مؤمن تقي وفاجر شقي أنتم بنو آدم وآدم من تراب ليدعن رجال فخرهم بأقوام إنما هم فحم من فحم جهنم أو ليكونن أهون على الله من الجعلان التي تدفع بأنفها النتن ) * wuxuu kaloo leeyahay  (لا فرق بين عربي وأعجمي إلا بالتقوى) farqi uma dhexeeyo cajam iyo carab taqwo maahee * Islaamka ayaa dadka simay una sheegay inay isku jeclaadaan diin iskuna nacaan diin xumo, islaamka ayaa diiday dadka in lagu noco xag abuuris iyo lixaad yari, islaamku ma ogola in dadka lagu noco cid ama qabiil ama jinsi iyo farac, ilaahay wuxuu leeyahay (إنما المؤمنون إخوة فأصلحوا بين أخويكم واتقو الله لعلكم ترحمون) xadiis nabiga scw laga wariyay ayaa ahaa لا تباغضوا، ولا تحاسدوا، ولا تدابروا، ولا تقاطعوا، وكونوا عباد الله إخواناً، ولا يحل لمسلم أن يهجر أخاه فوق ثلاث" oo la micno ah ha is u caroonina, ha is xaasidina, ha isu daba jeedinina, ha is goynina, oo ahaada adoomo alle oo waloolo ah, uma banaana muslinka inuu walaalkiis ka fogaado in ka badan sadex maalin.^[2], qofka muslinka ah qabiilkiisa jinsiyadiisa waa caqiidadiisa. islaamku wuxuu sheegay in kaliya lagu kala sareeyo cabsida alle, ayna simanyihiin carab, afrikaan, faarisi, ruumaan, dadku markay diinta ka yara durkeen ayaa waxaa soo laabtay nacaybkii macno darrada ku fadhiyay.<ref>[[:ar:عصبية_قبلية|https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9]]</ref><ref>http://www.alukah.net/web/triqi/0/31576/</ref><ref>https://saaid.net/Doat/shiddy/20.htm</ref> == Isir nacaybka iyo habyb sooca == soomaalida ayaa laga dhex helaa labadan waxyaalood waxaana keenaya diin yarida iyo ka fogaanshaha ku dhaqanka Dinta islaamka runta ah, canuga yar meeshii lagu tarbiyayn lahaa barashada diinta iyo jacaylka wixii la mabda' ah waxaa loo sheegayaa '''reer hebel''' waa cadowgeenna, waan necebnahay, waligaa iska jir iskana ilaali, ilmihii yaraa wuxuu ku korayaa qolo nacayb uusan fasiri karin waxa dhaliyay, iyo waxa ku kalifay midna, markuu u yaraado wuxuu dhihi karaa colaad baa na dhex martay waa' hore, oo colaada qof baad ka tahaye maxaa u wada nacday cidaas oo dhan?, dad aan raali ka ahayn colaadaas sow ma jiri karaan? oo bal ka waran hadii reerkiin dulmiga lahaa, waa wax aan la sheegi karin, gabyaa carbeed oo joogay waqtigii jaahiliga ayaa laga sheegay inuu yiri '''(anigu "ghazya' uun baan ka mid ahay, haday lunta iyo haday hanuunto ayaga uun baan la jiraa''') '''ghazya''' waa reerkiisa, waa indho la'aanta qabyaalada iyo mabda' la'aanta.. carabta waxaa astaan u ahaa waagaas ('''u gargaar walaalkaa haduu gardaran yahay iyo hadii laga gardaranyahayba''') waana tabta soomaali ku sifaysantahay soomaalida maanta joogta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.zahran.org/vb/showthread.php?t=128171 |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220172735/http://www.zahran.org/vb/showthread.php?t=128171 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == See looga bixi karaa Qabyaalada == Arrinta qabyaalada la yiraahdo waa wax xun, si walboo talooyin aan wax gal ahayn oon loola jeedin run ahaanteeda loo soo bandhigo iyo si walboo buug looga qoro aan lagu salayn mabda' iyo caqiidio wax hagaagaya ma jiraan ilaa loo laabto '''islaamka''' saxda ah iyo ku dhaqankiisa, islaamku sida uu u walaaleeyay '''aws''' iyo '''khasraj''' (labo qabiil oo walalo is neceb ahaa oo degenaa magaalada Madiina) waa la ogaa oo colaad 120 sano ah dhextaalay, sida ruum iyo furus iyo carab uu meel isugu keenay waa la ogaa, ma soomaali oo '''hal qoys''' ah baa meel isugu imaan wayday waa maya , waxa isu keeni karan waa ku dhaqanka iyo fahanka xaqiiqda islaamka aan sheeganayno oo baryahayaan sheegasho ku soo aruuray.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.almoslim.net/node/86096 |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220172742/https://www.almoslim.net/node/86096 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Murti looga hadalay qabyaalada == * '''Cabdullaahi suladaan timo cadde''': Ubadkiinii waad daadiseen waana dubateene Dubaaxdiisii waad wada cunteen duhur dharaareede Dariiq toosan Soomaaliyey waa lagaa deyeye Darajada Ilaahay ninkii doonayaa hela e Nin ka duday distoorkioy waxyiga diinti ka carrowye Dugsi malaha qabyaaladi waxay dumiso mooyaane Hadaynaan xumaanta iyo dilkiyo daynin kala qaadka Dibaddaan ka joognaa sharciga daacadda Ilaahe Danbarkeedu waa Jahannama iyo dogobkii naareede Dugsi ma leh qabyaaladi waxay dumiso mooyaane Dir dir la isu laayiyo intaan weerar daba joogno Ooy dumarku weerkii sitaan danabadii waayey Uu sida dureemada u yaal meydku dibaddiinna Wallee doogsan maysaan haddaad dunida joogtaane Dugsi male qabyaaladi waxay dumiso mooyaane<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://farshaxan.com/Gabayaa/timacade.html |access-date=2016-02-17 |archive-date=2017-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129050822/http://farshaxan.com/Gabayaa/timacade.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * '''Abshir bacadle''' Qaraabo iyo ahal riximnimaa, loo qaddariyaaye Waa sanam qabyaaladi haddaad, ugu qancaysiine Waa qaaxo iyo kaankar iyo, aydhis qaab daran e Waa cudurka qaybaha bulshadu, qaran ku waayeene Waa qawqab iyo sixir qalbiga, qaaciyoo shidaye Waa qaabaqawsayn dagaal, qac iyo yaahuuye Qanjir boogi qodotoo qurmoo, qolof la’ weeyaane! Waa gorofta lagu qaybiyaa, malaxda qayriine Qandiga fuqurka iyo xaasidkoo, qabaxa weeyaane Waa waxa qoxootiga ka dhigay, boqol kun oo qoyse Qalbigiinna ka ilaashadoo, wadajir qiimeeya Qaangaar fidnoobee ilmaha, yaan la qabadsiinnin Qiso murugo iyo yaab leh baan, soo qayaxayaaye Qof Muslin ah qabyaalad u diloon, ficil yo qawl qaysan Qasadkiyo ujeeddaduna tahay, lagu qisaasaayo: Qabiilkaa muxuu uga dhashaye, qaaddir uga yeelay! Qiso murugo iyo yaab lahoo, quruna saw maaha? Waa quud ka dhigo ruux Muslin ah, hilibki qayriine! Ilaahayow Adigu haygu qaban, Qaaddir baad tahaye<ref>https://jidhidhico.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/qabyaalad/</ref> * '''Abuu cabdi raxmaan keenadiid''' oo ka gaylamaya qabyaalada soomaalida iyo diinta ay ku dhaqmi la'yihiin ayaa isna leh Hawiyiyo Dir iyo waa ka tegey, anigu Daaroode Miriflaanan dooneynin iyo, beelihii Digile Dir ay tahayba soomaali weyn, waa dareensadaye Haddii aan duggaal moodi jirey, deyrshey samankaane Dufooboo lumoo waxay galeen, dalowyo shaydaane Dabuubtii Ilaah laga teg iyo, Diinta Nebigii e Loo daliishan maayoo qur’aan, waa ka didayaane Kitaabkii la darajeeyey bay, dibu dhac moodaane Nasab haddii an dooneyno waa, duulki noo xigeye Doc waxaannu uga bayrray waa, amarra diineede Daliil noo caddaadiyo Nebiga, dayashadiisii e Dibna wow baqaynaa haddaan, diidno waanada e<ref>http://www.towxiidka.com/index.php/ct-menu-item-17/14-gabayo/197-2-baraa-ada{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |Abwaan Cabdi Gahayr {| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" |'''Hadday dayro qoyskaaga taal waa la qariyaayeQormadii ragiinii la dhigay way qudhmuuntahayQosol naaguhuu ugu kordhaa qaawinta habeeneQadhiidh laguma soo helo wixii quufla kaa tegayeHays moodin reer Qaadunkaa qiimadaa korayeaduunbaa qareen moodayee kuma qariibshaaneqabiiligu ha loolamo sidii laba quruumoodeqabno iyo laxaad lama gudnanid qaranka Daa´uudeqaraamaad ma siiniyo martida quula loo dubayequnbe iyo wankiyo goolashaa lagu quraacshaawaxa qiimigiini bedelay waa qadoodiga´eqiyaamihi ifkuu idinku helay qiranna maysaanemaanaa qubuuraha siyalay idinku qaadhaanshayqormadiina maana ka dhigay qoorriyada xeebtahablihiina maana u qoray dhuxusha qaadaayaqolqolkiina maana ku xidhay qaalinka candhoobaymaana arliga qaybiyey oo qoobad idin siiyeyidinkiyo qodaalkuba horaa qurux u weydeenesidii eebahay kuu qadshaan kaaga qaanacaye'''Gabaygan waxa ka jawaabay gabyaa aan u malaynayo Hurre Badhatuug. Jawaabta oo aan na soo wada gaadhin waxa ka mid ahayd; '''Qabni adag haddaad leedahoo lagu qaboobaayoInantaadu niman qaadka cuna uma qabbaanteeneMaanaa hablaha qaybiyoo kaa qarribey taadaQabuuraha waxaa gala kuwoo qaammudkood galayeMalaa idinku kiinnii qudh-baxa waabad qalataane''' |} |} | |} == Tixraac == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām—The Way to God by Submission] {{Gumud}} pqum5zrjgjp0imafvqqebypgsoh3fli 0 39797 297486 297485 2026-05-16T12:54:28Z ~2026-27958-27 45557 /* Notable figures */ 297486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor Musa <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eritrea}}|region3={{flagcountry|Masar}} |region4={{Flagcountry|United Arab Emirates }}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor Muuse''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor Musa'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر موسى ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor Musa is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> [[File:ShrineAwBarkhadle2007.png|thumb|240px|right|Aw Barkhadle – a historic place of oath and agreement, where the Abokor Muse clan played a leading role.]] <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'' (oo ,u kala baxa ''Rer Cawl'' iyo ''Hassan Aden''), ''Muuse Dhimbil'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha '''''Abdalleh Muuse''''' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.). ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. Doorkooda Ugaasnimadu waa astaan sharaf, caddaalad, iyo hoggaan bulsho. Taasi waxay sababtay in beesha Abokor Muuse lagu xasuusto dad hoggaamiya, nabad dhaliya, iyo dhaqanka ilaaliya, taasoo qayb weyn ka qaadatay dhismaha iyo ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada guud ahaan. ==Distribution== [[File:Hargeisa Somaliland.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A general view of Hargeisa, where the community is widely settled.]] Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road ([[Wadada Madaarka Egal)]]'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais *************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' *************Mucawiye Mohamed *************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe) **************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden) ************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Muse Siad ****************Farah Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Said Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Sahal Said *****************Abdalle Sahal *****************Musa Sahal ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali *****************Mumin Ali *****************Naleye Ali ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour *****************Hersi Nour *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *******************Gulled Eiye *******************Sharmake Eiye *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed ********************Samter Ahmed ********************Ziyad Ahmed ********************Mayle Ahmed ********************Elmi Ahmed ********************Warfa Ahmed ********************Geedi Ahmed ********************Amanle Ahmed ********************Food Ahmed ********************Wais Ahmed ********************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) *********************Ismail Dhible *********************Barre Dhible ********************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) *********************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) *********************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed **************Abdi Liban ***************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ****************Sarar Mohamed ****************Ahmed(Beder)Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) ************Hassan Aden *************Ziyad Hassan *************Odawa Hasaan *************Warfa Hassan *************Ladon Hassan *************Abdalle Hassan **************Ali Abdalle **************Abdi Abdalle **************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ***************Egal Ahmed ***************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of Horn of Africa charity Organization, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader, with strong tie to SAF. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Sh. Abdiraham Aden Eigeh * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. * Muuse Ismail Qalilnle – popular Somali singer *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Said Dhimbil Nour – peot and politician * Omar Aidid – is a billionaire and Founder of Hargeisa Theatre Mall, the largest Market Mall Center .(in somaliland) * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Abdishakur Hussein Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. *Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia *Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} aimsakzlkgpyle858iw0rrznfn320zq 297490 297486 2026-05-16T15:24:24Z ~2026-29492-23 45641 /* Notable figures */ 297490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor Musa <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eritrea}}|region3={{flagcountry|Masar}} |region4={{Flagcountry|United Arab Emirates }}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor Muuse''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor Musa'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر موسى ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor Musa is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> [[File:ShrineAwBarkhadle2007.png|thumb|240px|right|Aw Barkhadle – a historic place of oath and agreement, where the Abokor Muse clan played a leading role.]] <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'' (oo ,u kala baxa ''Rer Cawl'' iyo ''Hassan Aden''), ''Muuse Dhimbil'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha '''''Abdalleh Muuse''''' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.). ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. Doorkooda Ugaasnimadu waa astaan sharaf, caddaalad, iyo hoggaan bulsho. Taasi waxay sababtay in beesha Abokor Muuse lagu xasuusto dad hoggaamiya, nabad dhaliya, iyo dhaqanka ilaaliya, taasoo qayb weyn ka qaadatay dhismaha iyo ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada guud ahaan. ==Distribution== [[File:Hargeisa Somaliland.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A general view of Hargeisa, where the community is widely settled.]] Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road ([[Wadada Madaarka Egal)]]'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais *************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' *************Mucawiye Mohamed *************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe) **************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden) ************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Muse Siad ****************Farah Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Said Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Sahal Said *****************Abdalle Sahal *****************Musa Sahal ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali *****************Mumin Ali *****************Naleye Ali ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour *****************Hersi Nour *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *******************Gulled Eiye *******************Sharmake Eiye *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed ********************Samter Ahmed ********************Ziyad Ahmed ********************Mayle Ahmed ********************Elmi Ahmed ********************Warfa Ahmed ********************Geedi Ahmed ********************Amanle Ahmed ********************Food Ahmed ********************Wais Ahmed ********************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) *********************Ismail Dhible *********************Barre Dhible ********************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) *********************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) *********************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed **************Abdi Liban ***************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ****************Sarar Mohamed ****************Ahmed(Beder)Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) ************Hassan Aden *************Ziyad Hassan *************Odawa Hasaan *************Warfa Hassan *************Ladon Hassan *************Abdalle Hassan **************Ali Abdalle **************Abdi Abdalle **************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ***************Egal Ahmed ***************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of Horn of Africa charity Organization, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader, with strong tie to SAF. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Sh. Abdiraham Aden Eigeh * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. * Muuse Ismail Qalilnle – popular Somali singer *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Omar Aidid – is a billionaire and Founder of Hargeisa Theatre Mall, the largest Market Mall Center .(in somaliland) * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Abdishakur Hussein Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. *Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia *Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 7yoej5z8h959eny7qsrcu03l8utp2c1 297491 297490 2026-05-16T16:11:20Z ~2026-29492-23 45641 /* Notable figures */ 297491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor Musa <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eritrea}}|region3={{flagcountry|Masar}} |region4={{Flagcountry|United Arab Emirates }}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor Muuse''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor Musa'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر موسى ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor Musa is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> [[File:ShrineAwBarkhadle2007.png|thumb|240px|right|Aw Barkhadle – a historic place of oath and agreement, where the Abokor Muse clan played a leading role.]] <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'' (oo ,u kala baxa ''Rer Cawl'' iyo ''Hassan Aden''), ''Muuse Dhimbil'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha '''''Abdalleh Muuse''''' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.). ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. Doorkooda Ugaasnimadu waa astaan sharaf, caddaalad, iyo hoggaan bulsho. Taasi waxay sababtay in beesha Abokor Muuse lagu xasuusto dad hoggaamiya, nabad dhaliya, iyo dhaqanka ilaaliya, taasoo qayb weyn ka qaadatay dhismaha iyo ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada guud ahaan. ==Distribution== [[File:Hargeisa Somaliland.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A general view of Hargeisa, where the community is widely settled.]] Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road ([[Wadada Madaarka Egal)]]'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais *************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' *************Mucawiye Mohamed *************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe) **************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden) ************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Muse Siad ****************Farah Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Said Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Sahal Said *****************Abdalle Sahal *****************Musa Sahal ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali *****************Mumin Ali *****************Naleye Ali ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour *****************Hersi Nour *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *******************Gulled Eiye *******************Sharmake Eiye *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed ********************Samter Ahmed ********************Ziyad Ahmed ********************Mayle Ahmed ********************Elmi Ahmed ********************Warfa Ahmed ********************Geedi Ahmed ********************Amanle Ahmed ********************Food Ahmed ********************Wais Ahmed ********************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) *********************Ismail Dhible *********************Barre Dhible ********************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) *********************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) *********************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed **************Abdi Liban ***************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ****************Sarar Mohamed ****************Ahmed(Beder)Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) ************Hassan Aden *************Ziyad Hassan *************Odawa Hasaan *************Warfa Hassan *************Ladon Hassan *************Abdalle Hassan **************Ali Abdalle **************Abdi Abdalle **************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ***************Egal Ahmed ***************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of Horn of Africa charity Organization, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Sh. Abdiraham Aden Eigeh * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. * Muuse Ismail Qalilnle – popular Somali singer *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Omar Aidid – is a billionaire and Founder of Hargeisa Theatre Mall, the largest Market Mall Center .(in somaliland) * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Abdishakur Hussein Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. *Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia *Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} skxvys2t1nnibxawbjpfxs7f6bijv13 0 41696 297487 297457 2026-05-16T13:41:42Z ~2026-27958-27 45557 297487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | | group = Eidagale <br> عيدَ جلي | image= |region1={{flagcountry|Kenya}} |region3={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}} |region4={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} | langs = [[Somali]] | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = Other,clan. }} '''Ciidagale''' (English: Eidagale'','' Arabic: عيدَ جلي''',''' Full Name: Daoud-Eidagalle) Waa beel kamida beelwaynta Isaaq.Beeshu waxay degaan rasimaya gobolka Maroodi jeex Ee Somaliland iyo Dalka Ethiopia. ==Baahsanaanta== Eidagalle waa beel ka tirsan beelaha Isaaq. Waxay degaan tiro badan ku leeyihiin gobolka Maroodi Jeex ee Somaliland, gaar ahaan magaalada Hargeysa (dhinacyadeeda dhexe iyo koonfur-bari), iyo degmada Salaxley . Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidagale waxay sidoo kale si weyn ugu baahsan yihiin dalka ee Itoobiya, gaar ahaan degmooyinka Daroor,iyo Awaare. Beesha Eedagaale waxay leedahay laamo hoose oo ay ka mid yihiin Mohamed Daoud (Guuyoobe), kuwaas oo degan degmada Oodweyne ee gobolka Togdheer. Sidoo kale, qayb ka mid ah beesha ayaa si taariikhi ah ugu nool waddanka Kenya, halkaas oo ay ka yihiin qayb muhiim ah oo si wayn looyaqaano loona ixtiraamo, laguna magaacabo Isahakia.<ref>Waal, Alexander De (1993). "Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63"</ref><ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa. <nowiki>ISBN 9781315308173</nowiki>.</ref> ==Tariikhda (History)== ===Xiliyadii Dhexe (Medieval period) === Taariikh ahaan, beesha Ciidagale waxay ka mid ahayd beelihii ka qayb galay dagaalladii lagu qaaday boqortooyadii Xabashida waxayna hoos tagi jireen [https://so.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanadii_Cadal Saldanaddii Adal]. Waxay si gaar ah ugu xusan yihiin buugga ''Futuh al-Habash'' (Futuxul Xabash) oo lagu tilmaamay in beelahaasi yihiin ''Habar Magaadle''. Habar Magaadle waxaa laga soo saaray halyeeygii taariikhiga ahaa ee Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen, oo ahaa gacanta midig ee Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Ciidagale—gaar ahaan beesha [[Abokor muuse|Abokor Muse]]—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo, taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha , gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada Herar. Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen Magalada zelia.</blockquote>jifo kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsana laanta Cabdiraxmaan Muuse, kaasoo ka qayb qaatay dagaladii Axmed Gurey , waxaa lagu nanaysaa Gashaanbuur oo ah Hussein Abokor Matan, oo ah geesiyadii ka qaybqaatay dagalkii iyo difaciiba Axmarada ee Axmed Gurey . Cilmibaare I. M. Lewis wuxuu xusay in jiray laba Axmed Gurey oo la isku khalday: <blockquote>Buuggu wuxuu tilmaamayaa laba Axmed oo loogu yeero ‘midig-la’. Mid waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Axmed Gurey Soomaali", oo loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay Axmed Gurey Xuseen, hogaamiye ka tirsanaa Habar Magaadle. Midka kalena waxaa loogu yeeraa “Iimaam Axmed”. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in labadaas Axmed la isku khalday oo laga dhigay hal halyeey oo kali ah.<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). *Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982*. KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782845864924.</ref></blockquote>[[File:ShrineAwBarkhadle2007.png|thumb|right|315px|The shrine of Aw Barkhadle is a revered sacred site where generations of ''Isaaq clans'' — and including Eidagalle, who traditionally served as the custodians and leading authorities overseeing the shrine — have gathered to take solemn oaths, resolve disputes, and seek spiritual blessing beneath a holy relic believed to be connected to the Prophet of Allah.]] Qabriga Sheekh Aw Barkhadle oo u dhexeeya [[Berbera]] iyo [[Hargeysa]] wuxuu ahaa goob barakeysan oo beelaha ''Isaaq'' iyo Eidagalleh ay u adeegsadeen dhaarista, heshiisiinta iyo xallinta khilaafaadka. Beesha Ciidagale, oo ka mid ah hogaamiyeyaasha dhaqanka, ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaadatay maamulka goobtan barakeysan.Gaar ahaan, goobtan waxaa miisaan weyn ku lahaa Salaadiinta iyo Ugaasyada dhaqanka. Beelaha si gaar ah uga qayb qaatay ilaalinta sharafta iyo shaqada goobta barakeysan ee Aw Barkhadle waxaa ka mid ahayd beesha Ciidagale. Ciidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen geesinimadooda dagaal iyo hibadooda suugaaneed, waxayna sidoo kale hayeen xilka qiimaha badan ee ah dhexdhexaadiyeyaal iyo ilaalinayaal dhaqanka xeerka Soomaalida. Odayaasha la qadariyo ee beesha ayaa inta badan guddoomin jiray dhaarista heshiisyada iyo xallinta muranada lagu qabto Aw Barkhadle, si loo ilaaliyo heshiisyada loona sugo nabadda iyo wada noolaanshaha bulshada <blockquote>Marka la kulmo arrin adag oo saameynaysa beelaha Isaaq iyo Eidagaleh, waxaa la keenaa waraaq si gaar ah loo ilaaliyo oo yaalla qabriga, kuna saxiixan yahay Bilaal, addoonkii Khaliifadii hore. Dhaaro cusub ayaa lagu kala qaadayaa. Sannadkii 1846, waxa la keenay Berbera oo ay wateen beesha Ciidagale, halkaas oo beelaha Aala Axmed iyo Aala Yuusuf ku dhaarteen inay nabad ku noolaadaan.<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref></blockquote>Eidagale waxay si dhaqameed u lahaayeen doorka hoggaaminta gudaha iyo nabadeynta khilaafaadka, iyagoo lagu yaqaan xigmadda iyo kartida suugaanta. Xeer-beegti iyo gabyaa caan ah ayaa kasoo jeeda, waxaana ay adeegsadaan xeer-Soomaaliyeed, dood furan iyo gabayo si ay u xalliyaan ismaandhaafka. Duqeyda beesha waxay inta badan ahaayeen garsoorayaal dhexdhexaad ah marka ay colaado ka dhex qarxaan beelaha walaalaha ah. Aw Barkhadle ayaa mar walba ahayd goobta ugu sarreysa ee dhaar iyo heshiis lagu sameeyo. Hoggaamiyeyaasha Eidagale ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaari jiray dhexdhexaadinta khilaafaadka u dhexeeya beelaha—iyagoo noqday kuwa isku xira kooxaha is haya oo nabad ka dhex abuura. Mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu barakeysan ee heshiisyada nabadeed lagu gaari jiray wuxuu ahaa quduuska Aw Barkhadle, oo ku yaalla inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Hargeysa. Halkaas ayaa lagu dhaaran jiray, iyadoo la isticmaalayo agab quduus ah, waxaana lagu xoojin jiray heshiisyo nabadeed oo waara—taasoo muujinaysa kaalinta ay Eidagale ku lahaayeen ilaalinta dhaqanka iyo sharciga.<blockquote>Xilliyada khatarta dibadda ah, sida soo galootiga gumaysiga ama dagaallada beelaha, Eidagale waxay si degdeg ah isu abaabuli jireen una midoobi jireen difaaca dhulkooda, iyagoo noqda ilaalayaasha deegaankooda. Dhaqankaas qotoda dheer ee hoggaaminta iyo dhexdhexaadinta waxaa si muuqata u matalayey halyeyaal sida Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria, kaasoo saameyn weyn ku lahaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad—wuxuuna astaan u ahaa sii socoshada awoodda Eidagale ee xagga maamulka dhaqanka iyo dhexdhexaadinta beelaha.</blockquote> Dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad, Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria wuxuu ka soo dhex baxay isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah madax-dhaqameedyadii ugu magaca dheeraa beesha Isaaq, gaar ahaan beesha Eidagale. Waxaa si weyn loogu xusuustaa xikmaddiisa iyo kartidiisa dhexdhexaadin, wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka qaatay xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta xeerka Soomaalida, iyo maareynta xiriirka lala lahaa gumaystihii Ingiriiska. Hoggaamintiisu waxay xoojisay nidaamka dhaqameed xilli ay jireen isbeddello siyaasadeed oo waaweyn. Maanta, dhaxalkiisii hoggaamineed si weyn ayaa looga xurmeynayaa guud ahaan Somaliland. [[File:Sultan Deria's Domain.jpg|thumb|An 1894 Italian map showing the domain of Sultan Deria in the Horn of Africa, illustrating the geographic extent of his influence during the colonial period.]] Eidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, waxaana weeraradoodii xoogga badnaa ay gaadhi jireen laga bilaabo xeebta ilaa gudaha dalka. Sida uu sheegay Carlos Swayne, oo dhex maray Somaliland dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, Eidagale waxay ka mid ahaayeen beelaha ugu jecel weerarada: <blockquote>“Beelaha ku dhow xeebta waqooyi ee ugu jecel weerarada waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin Habr Awal, Eidagale, iyo Habr Gerhajis.”<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 40.</ref></blockquote> Ciidagale waxay dhaqanka hore iyo kan weli jira u leeyihiin xidhashada toorayda wan, oo ah astaamo muujisa geesinimo, madaxnimo iyo qurux dhaqameed. Tooraydaasi oo qaab ahaan u eg golxadka cajiibka ah, ayaa lagu xidhnaa si sharaf leh, gaar ahaan xilliyada bandhigyada dhaqanka, shirarka dhaqameed iyo munaasibadaha lagu maamuuso hidaha iyo hal-adayga. Xidhashada tooraydu waxay ahayd astaan tilmaamaysa in qofku yahay nin masuul ah, lehna anshaxa iyo edebta dhaqanka Soomaalida.Intaa waxaa dheer, tooraydu ma ahayn oo keliya qurux iyo sharaf lagu muujiyo, balse waxay ahayd hub lagu difaaco nafta iyo bulshada, gaar ahaan marka la joogo duruufo ad-adag oo u baahan feejignaan iyo geesinimo. Marka laga soo tago xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, Eidagale sidoo kale waxay caan ku yihiin fasahaaddooda suugaanta dhaqanka Soomaalida, gaar ahaan gabayga. Waxay soo saareen gabayaaal caan ah sida Xasan Tarabi iyo Elmi Boodhari. Taariikh ahaan, Eidagale waxaa beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed u aqoonsanaayeen khubaro suugaanta gabayga:<ref>Diriye, p. 75.</ref> <blockquote> “Beelaha Soomaaliyeed dhexdeeda, Eidagale waxaa lagu yaqaan khubarnimada tirinta gabayada. Hal gabyaa oo ka tirsan Eidagale laga yaabee inuusan ka heer sarreyn gabyaa wanaagsan oo beel kale ah, laakiin Eidagale waxay u muuqdaan inay gabyaaal badan ka jiraan marka loo eego beelaha kale. ‘Haddii aad halkaan keento boqol nin oo Eidagale ah,’ ayuu ii sheegay Hersi Jaamac, ‘oo aad waydiiso kee gabaygiisa tirin kara, sagaashan iyo shan baa tirin kara. Inta kale weli way baranayaan.’”<ref>Laurance, Margaret. A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref></blockquote> [[File:HargeisaCloseup1885.png|thumb|250px|Close-up of an 1885 Royal Geographical Society map, showing Hargeisa (Harrer-es-Sagheer) as well as the Eidagale subtribe (Eed-a-galleh) residing within and around the town. The Naasa Hablood hills (Nas Hubla) can also be seen in the map.<ref>Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.</ref>]] Qarnigyo badan, beesha Eidagale waxay door muhiim ah ku lahayd ganacsigii geela ee fog ee Soomaaliyeed. Ganacsatada Eidagale waxay ka soo heli jireen agabyo kala duwan gobolka Soomaalida ee dhulka hadda loo yaqaan Itoobiya, sida xoolaha, malmalka (acacia gum), muxurta (myrrh), iyo subagga, kuwaas oo markii dambe loo dhoofin jiray Koonfurta Carabta. Ganacsatada karavaanka ee Eidagale waxay aasaaseen xarumo ganacsi oo muhiim ah gudaha dalka, kuwaas oo ay ka mid tahay magaalada casriga ah ee Hargeysa, taasoo la aasaasay qarnigii 19aad, kana ahayd meel isgoys ah oo u dhexeysa Berbera iyo gudaha Soomaalida.Hargeysa waxaa asal ahaan loo aasaasay bartamaha qarnigii 19aad si ay u noqoto xarun karavaan oo xiriirisa Berbera iyo gudaha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of African Languages|date=1963|publisher=University of Michigan Press|pages=27|language=english}}</ref><ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 96.</ref> Qayb dhownaata oo laga qaaday khariidaddii 1885 ee ay daabacday Royal Geographical Society ayaa si cad u muujinaysa joogitaanka dhuleed ee beesha Eidagale. Khariidaddu waxay calaamadaynaysaa magaalada Hargeysa (oo ku qoran ''Harrer-es-Sagheer''), iyadoo beesha Eidagale loogu yeedhay ''Eed-a-galleh'' kuna muujisan inay deggan yihiin gudaha iyo nawaaxiga deegaankaas. Buuraleyda Naasa Hablood, oo khariidadda lagu qoray ''Nas Hubla'', sidoo kale waa lagu sawiray, taasoo xoojinaysa isku xirka juqraafiyeed iyo dhaqan ee beesha Eidagale ee gobolkaasi.<ref>Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Eidagale waxaa si weyn loogu yaqaannaa xirfaddooda suugaanta, gaar ahaan gabayga, kaas oo kaalin weyn ku leh aqoonsigooda iyo dhaqankooda. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa dad xigmadda iyo hadal-fasahaadda ku caan baxay, iyagoo gabayga u adeegsada sidii ay u xafidi lahaayeen taariikhda, u gudbin lahaayeen qiimaha bulsheed, una xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka. Waxaa hadal caan ah oo laga dhex maqlo odhanaya: "Nin aan gabayn karin weli ma dhalan." Tani waxay muujinaysaa sida gabaygu uga yahay laf-dhabar aqoonta iyo wada-noolaanshaha bulshada Eidagale.</blockquote> Eidagale waxay dhaqanka hore iyo kan weli jira u leeyihiin xidhashada toorayda wan, oo ah astaamo muujisa geesinimo, madaxnimo iyo qurux dhaqameed. Tooraydaasi oo qaab ahaan u eg golxadka cajiibka ah, ayaa lagu xidhnaa si sharaf leh, gaar ahaan xilliyada bandhigyada dhaqanka, shirarka dhaqameed iyo munaasibadaha lagu maamuuso hidaha iyo hal-adayga. Xidhashada tooraydu waxay ahayd astaan tilmaamaysa in qofku yahay nin masuul ah, lehna anshaxa iyo edebta dhaqanka Soomaalida.Intaa waxaa dheer, tooraydu ma ahayn oo keliya qurux iyo sharaf lagu muujiyo, balse waxay ahayd hub lagu difaaco nafta iyo bulshada, gaar ahaan marka la joogo duruufo ad-adag oo u baahan feejignaan iyo geesinimo. Marka laga soo tago hidda-sugaaneedkooda, beesha Eidagale waxay sidoo kale caan ku yihiin xirfadda xoolo-dhaqatada, gaar ahaan dhaqashada geela, oo ah tiirka ugu weyn ee dhaqaalahooda iyo noloshooda reer guuraanimada. Geelu wuxuu leeyahay qiimo weyn, wuxuuna astaan u yahay hanti, sharaf, iyo adkaysi. Khibraddooda dheer ee ku saabsan dhaqashada iyo daryeelka geela waxay ka tarjumaysaa aqoon jiilal badan soo jirtay, taasoo ka dhigaysa dad si heer sare ah u yaqaan sida loo ilaaliyo loona kobciyo xoolaha. Isku dhafka suugaantooda afka ah iyo xirfaddooda xoolo-dhaqatada ayaa ah labada tiir ee ugu waaweyn ee dhaxalka dhaqameed ee beesha Eidagale—waa hiddo soo jireen ah oo qoto dheer leh, taasoo weli si xooggan u qeexaysa aqoonsigooda jiilba jiil. An image illustrating 19th-century trade: Beesha Eidagale waxay si weyn ugaga qayb qaadatay ganacsiga guud ee geela iyo agabka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka. Karavaannadii ka yimid gudaha gudaha ayaa halkan ku degi jiray, iyagoo ka ganacsan jiray muxur, malmal, subag iyo xoolo, taasoo Berbera ka dhigtay xarun ganacsi oo istiraatiiji ah oo u xiriiriya gudaha iyo suuqyada caalamiga ah. <blockquote>Soomaalida beesha Eidagale ayaa ka yimaada Ogaadeen iyagoo wata baallo, muxur, malmal, ari, lo’, iyo subag; beddelkeedna waxay ka qaataan dhar jumlo ah. Xilligiiba afar jeer ayay safarradan samaynayaan. Ma joogaan wax ka badan hal bil, intay joogaanna waxay la deggan yihiin reerahooda, cunadoodana waxay ku cunaan makhbaza, ama goobaha cuntada lagu wada cuno.<ref>Hunter, Frederick (1877). An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia*. Cengage Gale. p. 41.</ref></blockquote> ==Saltanate == Saldanadda Ciidagale waxay ka mid ahayd nidaamyadii ugu faca weynaa ee dhaqanka iyo hoggaanka bulshada ee ka jiray beesha Eidagele. Ciidagale, oo ka mid ah jilibyada waaweyn ee beesha, waxay lahayd hoggaan u gaar ah oo ku dhisnaa xeer, garsoor, iyo midnimo bulsho, kuwaas oo muddo qarniyo ah hagayay bulshada.Nidaamka Saldanaddu wuxuu ku shaqayn jiray hab-dhaqan Soomaaliyeed oo salka ku haya odaynimo, garaad, iyo wada-tashi. Suldaanada iyo ugaasyadu waxay ahaayeen dad lagu yaqaan caqli, hal-adayg, iyo karti hoggaamineed, kana shaqeeya ilaalinta nabadda, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo u doodista xuquuqda beesha. Saldanadda fawaynta ahayd ee qarniyo badan talinta soo haysay, ayaa asalkeedu dib ugu laabtaa qarnigii 17-aad, xilligii uu aasaasay ''Suldaan Guleed Cabdi Ciise'' — oo ahaa suldaanka guud ee beesha. Muddo dheer ayay saldanaddani ahayd tiir dhexe oo hoggaan, xeer iyo xasillooni u horseeda bulshada, waxaana magaceedu ku dhex lahaa sharaf, maamuus iyo miisaan dhaqan oo aan weli libdhin. Sidoo kale, hogaanka Abokor Muuse—oo ka tirsan faracyada waaweyn ee beesha Ciidagale—waxay leeyihiin taariikh dheer oo ku ladhan hoggaamin, halgan bulsho iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Qarnigii 15-aad iyo 16-aad, qaybo badan oo ka mid ah geedka qabiilka ayaa loo xusaa boqorro iyo ''ugaasyo'' ka soo jeeda Reerah iyo Qabiilada beesha Abokor Muuse, ku waas oo door muuqda ku lahaa difaaca bulshada, hagidda dhaqanka iyo ilaalinta nidaamka beesha. ==Clan tree== A summarized family tree of the Eidagalle Clan is presented below.<ref name="survey 147">Hunt, John A. (1951). A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950. Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2022). p. 147.</ref> *Daoud(Eidagalle) **[[Maxamed Daoud|Mohamed Daoud]] ***Egal Mohamed (Rer Cigal) ***Ali Mohamed (Rer Afwayne) ***Urkurag Mohamed ****Ali Urkurag *****Fiqi Sa'ad Ali *****Mahamoud Ali *****Ahmed Ali *****Ismail Ali ******Ali Ismail *******Osman Ali *******Jama Ali *******Geedi Ali (Rer Aw) *******Yonis Ali *******Ileiye Ali *******Hagga Ali *******Nuh Ali ********Ali Nuh *******Aden Ali ********Guled Aden ********Ali Aden *******Roble Ali ********Hassan Roble *********Jibril Hassan **********Aden Jibril **********Mohamed Jibril *********Deria Hassan **********Mohamed Deria **********Hussein Deria ********Ali Roble *********Warfa Ali *********Farah Ali **********Hassan Farah *********Abdalle Ali *******Abdalle Ali ********Geedi Abdalle (Rer Geedi) ********Mohamed Abdalle (Rer Mohamed) **Abokor Daoud ***Bilaal Abokor ****Mohamed Bilal *****Egal Mohamed *****Hassan Mohamed *****Farah Mohamed *****Yusuf Mohamed *****Abdi Mohamed ******Geedi Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Hassan Abdi *****Abdalle Mohamed ******Samter Abdalle ******Abane Abdalle ******Hasan Abdalle ***Isse Abokor ****Dualeh Isse *****Musa Dualeh *****Mohamed Dualeh *****Deria Duleh *****Samter Duleh ****Hassan Isse *****Afi Hassan *****Hujale Hassan *****Abar Hassan *****Yusuf Hassan *****Shire Hassan *****Barre Hassan **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor Muuse ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman fatah *************Gled (Wardon) Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samter Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Muse Siad ****************Farah Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ***************Ali kalil ****************Said Ali ****************Koshin Ali ****************Boqorreh Ali *****************Abar Boqorre ******************Deria Abar *******************Abdillahi Deria (Allanleh) ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Sahal Said *****************Abdalle Sahal *****************Musa Sahal ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Wais Aden ****************Benin Aden ****************Nur Aden ****************Muse Aden ****************Samter Aden ****************Abdalle Aden ****************Jama Aden ****************Eileie Adan ****************Barre Aden ****************Ibrahim Aden ****************Khalaf Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali *****************Jama Hussien *****************Nour Hussein *****************Farah Hussien *****************Wa'ays Hussein *****************Hersi Hussien ******************Muhumad Hersi ******************Abdi Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aidid Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab ******************Dahir Gallab ******************Wais Gallab ******************Ali Gallab ******************Jama Gallab ******************Roble Gallab ******************Abdi Gallab ******************Yusuf Gallab ******************Farah Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed ********************Ismail Dhible ********************Egal Dhible *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Suldan Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Mohamed Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarer) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali ***Abdirahman Muuse ****Yonis Abdiraham *****Aden Yonis *****Ismail Yonis *****Ugadh Yonis *****Mohamed Yonis ****Abdalle Abdirahman *****Mohamed Abdalle (Bah Daylo) ******Gadid Mohamed ******Abdalle Mohamed ******Loge Mohamed ****Ibrahim Abdalle *****Kulul Ibrahim (Rer kul) *****Abdi Ibrahim (Abdi Dheeri) ******Burale Abdi ******Qabile Abdi ******Hildiid Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Robe Abdi ******Hersi Abdi *****Abokor Ibrahim ******Idileh Abokor (Rer Iidleh) *******Ismail Iidle *******Bare Iidle ******Hussein Abokor Matan (Gashaabuur) *******Roble Matan *******Hamud Matan *******Aden Matan *******Damal Aden ********Gabdon Dhamal (Rer Gabdoon) ********Hode Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Deria Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Boon Dhamal (Dhamal yaryar) ********Barre Dhamal ( Dhamal yar yar) ********Gabib Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Fatah Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Essa Dhamal *********Aden Isse *********Warfa Isse *********Guled Isse *********Liban Isse (Rer Liibaan) *********Hassan Isse (Rer Hassan Isse) *********Abdi Isse **********Mohamed Abdi **********Farah Abdi **********Eiye Abdi **********Warsame Abdi **********Sugulle Abdi **********Aninanshe Abdi **********Amare Abdi **********Ileiye Afwayne Abdi **********Dualeh (Samter) Abdi **********Habarwa Abdi **********Yusuf Abdi **********Warafa Abdi **********Hussein Abdi **********Wais Abdi **********Rage Abdi **********Abdalle Abdi **********Aden Abdi ( Rer Aden) **********Abdi Bari (Abdi Bari) **********Guled Abdi (Rer Guleed) ==Notable figures== * Abdillahi Deria – Prominent anti-colonial fighter * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of Horn of Africa charity Organization, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – was a prominent Somali Scholar, vocalist, poet, and military leader. * Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader, with strong tie to SAF. * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship. * Hassan Guure Jamac * Abdikarim Mohamed Eid * Abwaan Dheeg * Idiris Haji Cisman Gurey * Siyasi Ali Mohamed Ibrahim (Ali Sanyare) * Hussein M. Adam|Hussein Mohammed Adam (Tanzania) – foremost Somali intellectual and scholar who founded the Somali Studies International Association (SSIA) * Abwan Qawdhan Dualeh * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Hajji Abdi Hussein Yusuf (Abdi Warabe)– Respected Somali elder and Guurti member, known for his wisdom and role in peacebuilding and traditional leadership. * Khadra Dahir Cige – popular Somali singer * Suldaan Sakariye Suldan Mohamed S.C/laahi (Galaal) *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed , a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Jama Mohamed Ghalib – served as speaker of the Somali Parliament during the Somali Republic's early civilian administration, between 1960 and 1964 * Mahamed Abdiqadir – 8th grand sultan of the Isaaq * Ismail Mahmud Hurre – former foreign minister of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, between 2000-2002 and 2006–2007 * Hussein Ali Mahamado – Activist And Founder Ina-Guuxa Foundation * Jama Asker –Activist And Politician * Abwan Ali Mooge Geedi Egal * Abdishakur Dayib – Prominent Journalist * Sucad Ibrahim Abdi – Politician and Activist * Fadumo faysal Ali – The founder and CEO of Hoiwa Oy * Daud Mahamed – the ninth and current grand sultan of the Isaaq Sultanate. * Abdi Bidhaan Dahir – Journalist * Abwan Muse Ali Farur * Abwan Coloaad Qorane – Poet and Member of Federal Parliament of Somalia * Mahid Guled - Former prime minister of Somalia * Bihi Egeh –Minister of Finance of Somalia * Hussein Arab Isse – former deputy prime minister and minister of defence of Somalia, between 2011 and 2012 * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Dir]] ==References== hzixm1txofy3cx0l7bbnf3bzdzgcalx 0 42926 297513 284748 2026-05-17T04:40:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | image = Rianne Van Rompaey January 2023.jpg | caption = Van Rompaey sanadka 2023 | name = Rianne Van Rompaey | birth_name = Rianne Frida Loes Van Rompaey | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|1|3|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Hoofddorp]], [[North Holland]], Netherlands<ref>{{cite web|url=http://models.com/newfaces/modeloftheweek/35505|title=Rianne Van Rompaey – NEWfaces|work=MODELS.com}}</ref> | nationality = [[Dadka Holandayska ah|Dutch]] | occupation = [[Fashion model]] | years_active = 2010–hadda | height = {{height|m=1.79}} | haircolor = Casaan | eyecolor = Buluug | agency = {{ubl|Maamulka Model DNA (New York)|[[VIVA Model Management]] (Paris, London, Barcelona)|Paparazzi Model Management (Amsterdam)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://models.com/models/Rianne-van-Rompaey|title=Rianne Van Rompaey - Model|website=MODELS.com}}</ref>}} }} '''Rianne Frida Loes Van Rompaey''' ( Nederlaand: [riˈjɑnə vɑn rɔmˈpaːi] ; dhashay 3 Janaayo 1996) waa moode Nederlaan ah. Waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay qaabka ugu sarreeya ee Vogue waxay ka soo muuqatay daboolka Vogue Paris in ka badan 6 jeer. Hadda waxa lagu qiimeeyaa inay tahay "Icon Industry" by model.com ==Nolosha hore== Van Rompaey wuxuu ku dhashay 3 Janaayo 1996 Hoofddorp , Waqooyiga Holland , wuxuuna ku koray Wageningen , Gelderland , waalidiin Dutch iyo Belgian ah Waxay dhigatay Dugsiga Montessori halkaas, waxayna ka qaadatay shahaadada VWO ee Pantarijn College Van Rompaey waxay bilawday shaqadeeda iyada oo u dirtay sawiro Paparazzi Models waxayna bilowday qaabaynta si xirfad leh arday dugsi sare ah. ==Xirfad== Sawir qaadashadii ugu horreysay ee Van Rompaey waxay ahayd Janaayo 2013 iyo Febraayo 2013 arrimaha Elle Netherlands. 2014, Nicolas Ghesquiere wuxuu doortay Van Rompaey si uu u noqdo Louis Vuitton gaar ah, oo ay ku jiraan ololeyaal calaamad ah oo ay ku jiraan S / S 2016 oo leh jilaa Jaden Smith . Waxay u samaysay ololeyaal Chanel , Alexander McQueen , Valentino , Miu Miu , Chloé , Moschino , Celine , Ports 1961 , Michael Kors , Fendi , Alberta Ferretti , Loewe , Sacai , Salvatore Fersagamo , Tababaraha , Bottega Veneta , Hugo Boss , iyo Burberry . Van Rompaey wuxuu ka soo muuqday daboolka Vogue Italia ,Vogue Paris , Vogue China , Vogue Germany , Vogue Japan , Vogue Korea , Vogue Russia , Vogue Netherlands iyo New York Times Style Magazine ,iyo Harper's Bazaar 2016, agaasimaha jilitaanka Piergiorgio Del Moro, oo Van Rompaey ku dhejiyay Versace , Victoria Beckham , iyo Fendi , ayaa u sheegay majaladda Vogue in van Rompaey uu lahaan doono xirfad dheer sababtoo ah shakhsiyadeed Tifaftiraha guud ee Vogue Paris Emmanuelle Alt ayaa caddeeyey aragtidan Bishii Sebtembar 2019, ee arrinta 1000-aad ee Vogue Paris , waxay isku mar ka soo muuqatay 4 dabool; Isla sanadkaas waxay soo muuqatay bilaha March iyo May jaldaladaha majaladda. Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay 3 daboolka WSJ Magazine bishaas Bishii Diseembar 2019, waxaa loo doortay inay noqoto orodyahanka abaalmarinta "Model of the Year".com Van Rompaey waxa uu ku jiray liiska Models.com ee "Top 50" liiska 2016, isaga oo ugu yeedhay "mid ka mid ah xiddigaha ugu waaweyn ee sanadka Isla sanadkaas, ELLE UK iyo Harper's Bazaar UK waxay saadaaliyeen in van Rompaey uu ku socdo wadada si uu u noqdo supermodel. Sanadkii 2024 ayay soo bandhigtay filimkeedii ugu horeeyay ee Faces , waana filim gaaban oo uu sameeyay agaasimaha Canadian David Findlay . ==Tixraac== [https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/rianne-van-rompaey "Rianne van Rompaey MODEL"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20161120124610/http://www.vogue.com/13504361/hopper-penn-gabriel-kane-day-lewis-male-models-celebrity-parents/ "Hopper Penn, Brooklyn Beckham, iyo Model aad u Wanaagsan oo Qosol badan oo horeba caan u ahaa"] [http://www.vogue.com/article/rianne-van-rompaey-rag-and-bone-opener-interview "Barashada Rianne Van Rompaey, Xukunka Joogtada ah ee Runway Runway NYFW"] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxeqmSUV3oI Rianne Van Rompaey | Jidka aada Runway #Runway #viral #model #vogue] [https://www.mycast.io/talent/rianne-van-rompaey "Rianne Van Rompaey Taageerada Kaabista"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.mycast.io/talent/rianne-van-rompaey |date=20250827144345 }} [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/Nicolas-Ghesquiere-talks-louis-vuitton-and-models/ Gabdhaha Ghesquière: 'Modelyadu waa dumar qurux badan, wax walbana ka sarreeya dumarka kaliya'] [https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/magazines/elle-netherlands/editorials/january-2013/skifi-20752/ "Ski-Fi gudaha Elle Nederlaan oo ay weheliso Rianne Van Rompaey - Tifaftiraha Fashion - Joornaalada - FMD"] [https://www.thefashionspot.com/buzz-news/forum-buzz/842905-rianne-van-rompaey-vogue-paris-september-2019/ "Rianne Van Rompaey waxay matalaysaa afarta caasimadood ee moodada ee Vogue Paris ee Sebtembar 2019 Daboolista"] [https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/rianne-van-rompaey-short-film-faces "Model Rianne Van Rompaey waxay gacanta ku haysaa muuqaalkeeda Wajiyada Filimka gaagaaban ee ugu horreeya"] ad6of389z2tjb3p7d3xb3vfu6o6uqp1 0 42947 297500 285468 2026-05-17T02:03:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = Hana Soukupová | image = HanaSoukupováJun09.jpg | caption = Soukupová Sannadkii June 2009 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|12|18|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Karlovy Vary]], [[Czechoslovakia]] | death_date = | death_place = | | children = 3 | height = {{height|m=1.85}}<ref name="models.com">{{cite web|url=https://models.com/models/hana-soukupova|title=Hana Soukupova|website=models.com|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408053810/https://models.com/models/hana-soukupova|archive-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> | haircolor = Huruud | eyecolor = Buluug | agency = {{Plainlist| * Hal Maamul (New York, Barcelona)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://onemanagement.com/New-York/Women/Image/HANA-SOUKUPOVA/Portfolio | title=HANA SOUKUPOVA &#124; New York &#124; Women &#124; ONE Management | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | access-date=2025-10-15 | archive-date=2024-10-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005060956/https://onemanagement.com/New-York/Women/Image/HANA-SOUKUPOVA/Portfolio | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://onemanagement.com/Spain/Women/Image/HANA-SOUKUPOVA/Portfolio |title=HANA SOUKUPOVA &#124; Spain &#124; Women &#124; ONE Management |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709182117/https://onemanagement.com/Spain/Women/Image/HANA-SOUKUPOVA/Portfolio|archive-date=2024-07-09}}</ref> * [[Marilyn Agency]] (Paris) * [[Why Not Model Management]] (Milan) * The Squad (London) * View Management (Barcelona) * Donna Models (Tokyo)<ref name="models.com"/>}} }} '''Hana Soukupova''' (waxay dhalatay 18 Diseembar 1985) waa Supermodel Czech. Waxay ka qayb qaadatay bandhigyada Fashion-ka sirta ee Victoria waxayna u qaabaysay buuga sirta ee Victoria. ==Nolosha hore== Soukupova waxa uu ku dhashay 18 December 1985 in Karlovy Vary , Czechoslovakia (hadda Czech Republic ). ==Xirfadda qaabaynta== Soukupová waxay bilowday inay tusaale ahaan uga shaqeyso Prague sanadkii 1998. Waxay saxiixday qandaraaskeedii ugu horreeyay ee qaabaynta iyadoo 15 jir ah iyada oo waji u ah cadarka Carolina Herrera's Chic. Bishii Sebtembar 2004, Soukupová waxaa loo doortay mid ka mid ah sagaal nooc oo keliya oo ku yaal daboolka American Vogue ee uu sawiray Steven Meisel arrin la barbardhigay supermodels maanta supermodels ee 80s iyo 90s heyday. Moodooyinka kale ee ay la wadaagtay daboolka waxay ahaayeen Gisele Bündchen , Natalia Vodianova , Karolína Kurková , Daria Werbowy , Isabeli Fontana , Liya Kebede , Gemma Ward , iyo Karen Elson . Hal sano ka dib, 2005 Vanity Fair waxay ku jirtay arrinta Abriil ee uu toogtay Patrick Demarchelier oo leh Natalia Vodianova, Carmen Kass , Karolina Kurkova, Euguenia Volodina , Marija Vujovic , Natasha Poly , Valentina Zelyaeva, iyo Inguna Butane sida "Quruxda Cusub Tan iyo markii ay shaqadeeda bilaabatay, waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in ka badan 100 joornaal oo ay ku jiraan daabacadaha caalamiga ah ee Vogue , Harper's Bazaar , Elle , iyo Marie Claire . Shaqada Soukupova waxaa lagu arki karaa in ka badan 5,000 oo bog oo sheekooyin moodo ah iyo ololeyaal xayaysiis ah. Soukupová waxay la shaqeysay sawir qaadayaasha caalamiga ah sida Steven Meisel, Annie Leibovitz , Peter Lindbergh , Nick Knight , Inez & Vinoodh , Mario Sorrenti , David Lachapelle , Mert & Marcus, Steven Klein , Mario Testino , iyo Patrick Det Soukupová waxa uu ku socday in ka badan 500 oo bandhig faneed runway ah, oo ay ku jiraan bandhigyada sirta ah ee Victoria iyo furitaanka iyo xidhitaanka bandhigyada moodooyinka moodada oo ay ku jiraan Alexander McQueen , Zac Posen , Gucci , Galliano , Dior , Calvin Klein , Karl Lagerfeld , Dolce & Gabbana . Dhibcaha kale ee runway Soukupová waxaa ka mid ah Chanel , Dior, Marc Jacobs , Louis Vuitton , Versace , Ralph Lauren , Donna Karan , Missoni , Alexander McQueen , Hermes , Balenciaga, Fendi , Michael Kors , Valentino , Pocci , Guguu, Anna , Cavalli. 2017, Donatella Versace waxay ku casuuntay Soukupova si ay u furto Versace Diyaar u ah Xidhashada Dayrta Jiilaalka ee Todobaadka Fashion-ka Milan . Soukupová waxay u qaabaysay Gucci, BVLGARI , Escada , Balenciaga ,Max Mara , Dior , Carolina Herrera , H&M , Victoria's Secret, iyo Versace . Waxay ahayd wejiga Gucci, Gucci Envy, Escada, Dior, Versace, St. John, Carolina Herrera, Bvlgari , iyo GAP . Waxay toogtay ganacsigeedii ugu horreeyay ee telefishan caalami ah oo ku guulaysata abaalmarinta CLIO ee Mattoni , oo ah astaanta biyaha dhalada ee raaxada ee Yurub. Muddo 37 bilood ah oo isku xigta, Soukupová waxa ay haysay booska #3 ee adduunka, marka loo eego darajooyinka rasmiga ah ee moodooyinka dumarka ee model.com. ==Samafalka== Soukupová waa xubin ka mid ah ASPCA , Bulshada Maraykanka ee Kahortagga Xayawaanka. Waxay ku lug lahayd hay'adda samafalka DKMS iyada oo taageere u ah Ururka Caalamiga ah ee la dagaallanka kansarka dhiigga Waxay u heellan tahay ururo iyo machadyo kala duwan oo la xidhiidha taageeridda Awoodda Haweenka, Farshaxanka Casriga ah iyo naqshadaynta naqshadeynta waarta oo ay weheliso Noqo Sadaqo, caawinta carruurta jiran. Waxay door firfircoon ku ilaalisay EcoStyle, oo ah hay'ad caalami ah oo u heellan moodada deegaanka u saaxiibka ah oo soo bandhigta miyir-beelka. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Soukupová waxay guursatay ganacsade Maraykan ah, Drew Aaron, oo ay kula kulantay goob laga furayo New York. Joornaalka Rinjiyeynta Casriga ah ayaa ku daray 50-ka sare ee ka hooseeya 50 ururinta farshaxanka adduunka. Guryahooda kala duwan iyo ururin farshaxan ayaa lagu soo bandhigay daabacado caalami ah, oo ay ku jiraan Elle Decor iyo Architectural Digest. Lamaanuhu waxay is guursadeen 2006 waxayna kala tageen 2024. ==Tixraac== [https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/my-ny-hana-soukupova "Supermodel Hana Soukupova's Guide to NYC"] [http://www.sassybella.com/2007/04/vogues-worlds-next-top-models-cover/ "Vogue's 'Models Next Top Top' daboolka"] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2009/05/did-you-know-its-national-model-week "Ma Ogtahay Inuu Yahay Todobaadka Qaabka Qaranka?"] [https://www.whynotmodels.com/read/hana-soukupova-for-elle-czech-april-2018 "Hana Soukupova ee Elle Czech Abriil 2018. :: WhyNot Blog"] [https://fashioneditorials.com/marie-claire-hana-soukupova-anka-kovacic/ "Marie Claire Czech Oktoobar 2017 Hana Soukupova waxaa qoray Anka Kovacic"] [https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/magazines/vogue-usa/editorials/march-2004/personal-velocity-41182/isabeli-fontana-by-steven-klein-399714/ "Xawaare Shakhsiyeed ee Vogue USA oo leh Isabeli Fontana, Liya Kebede, Hana Soukupova"] [http://www.mouawad.com/en/thehouse-victoria-secret/2006 " Bandhiga Dharka Qarsoon ee Victoria: Dheemmankii 2006 | MOUAWAD™"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mouawad.com/en/thehouse-victoria-secret/2006 |date=20230603235639 }} [https://www.vogue.com/article/robert-fairer-backstage-photography-exhibition-scad "Bandhig Cusub oo Sawirada Marxaladda dambe ee Robert Fairer ayaa u dabaaldagaya sharafta Bandhigyada Runway-ga Qofku"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211122165721/https://blackbookmag.com/archive/industry-insiders-drew-aaron-and-hana-soukupova-high-end-addicts/ "Industry Insiders: Drew Aaron iyo Hana Soukupova, Addicts-Dhammaadka Sare"] [https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/mark-cunningham-hana-soukupova-connecticut-home "Mark Cunningham wuxuu dib u soo nooleeyay Hana Soukupova iyo Drew Aaron's Connecticut Home"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/hana_soukupova/ Hana Soukupova] oo ku taal Hagaha Modelka Fashion [https://models.com/models/hana-soukupova Hana Soukupova] ee Models.com [[imdbname:2485649|Hana Soukupova]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] 2s8vfptl3bx8lluglvzfwv3au9jhhte 0 43398 297508 287375 2026-05-17T03:05:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kinza Malik | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = کنزہ ملک | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Kinza Malik Awan | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|3|8|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Bakistaan]] | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 1990 – hada | children = 3 }} '''Kinza Malik''' waa jilaa Pakistani ah . waxa ay caan ku tahay doorkeeda riwaayadaha Qayamat , Sammi , Alif Allah Aur Insaan , Ishqiya , Phaans iyo Neeli Zinda Hai . ==Nolosha hore== Waxay ku dhalatay 8 March 1972 magaalada Lahore ee dalka Pakistan . ==Xirfad== 1990-kii ayay ka soo muuqatay jilid ahaan PTV waxayna ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha PTV Waxaa lagu xusay doorkeeda riwaayadaha Adhi Dhoop , Chingarian , Kalmoohi iyo Bhool Waxay kaloo kasoo muuqatay riwaayadaha Gustakh Ishq , Aik Thi Rania , Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila , Ishq Tamasha , Sammi iyo Alif Allah Aur Insaan Tan iyo markaas waxay ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha Sanwari , Baandi , Saraab , Lashkara , Qayamat , Ishqiya iyo Neeli Zinda Hai , Phaans Sannadkii 2011 ayay kasoo muuqatay filimkii Khamosh Raho . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Kinza waa xaas waxayna leedahay saddex caruur ah. ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |2004 | ''Pooray Chaand Ki Raat'' | Chachi Jannat | rowspan="15" | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2005 | ''Adhi Dhoop'' | Iqra |- |2006 | ''Chingaarian'' | Aliya Begum |- |2009 | ''[[Mishaal]]'' | Saifunnisa |- |2010 | ''[[Kalmoohi (2010 TV series)|Kalmooni]]'' | Safia |- | rowspan="2" |2011 | ''Afsar Be-Kar-E-Khas'' | Shakeela |- | ''Namak'' | Safia |- | rowspan="4" |2012 | ''Dasht-e-Muhabbat'' | Hamida |- | ''Wafa Hum Nibhain Gay'' | Zartaj Begum |- | ''Khalida Ki Walida'' | Naila |- | ''Zindagi Ki Rah Mein'' | Shehla |- | rowspan="5" |2013 | ''Bhool''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dai.ly/xxt4ya | title=Dailymotion }}</ref> | Mona |- | ''Mera Ishq Bhi Tu'' | Zeba Begum |- | ''Muhabbat Waham Hai'' | Seemi |- | ''[[Heer Ranjha (TV series)|Heer Ranjha]]'' | Rani |- | ''Chadar'' | Samar | [[Urdu 1]] |- |2014 | ''[[Ladoon Mein Pali]]'' | Bisma's mother | [[Geo TV]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 | ''Maamta'' | Zainab | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Pardes (2015 TV series)|Pardes]]'' | Arslan's mother | [[Hum Sitaray]] |- |2016 | ''[[Bhai (TV series)|Bhai]]'' | Sajida | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- | rowspan="7" |2017 | ''[[Farz (drama)|Farz]]'' | Mehak's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- | ''[[Aik Thi Rania]]'' | Kausar | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/241636-Aik-Thi-Rania-Manto-and-Zamany-Manzil-ky-Maskharay-start-today-on-Geo-TV|title='Aik Thi Rania' 'Manto' and 'Zamany Manzil ky Maskharay' start today on Geo TV|website=The News International|date=1 May 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Mohabbat Khawab Safar]]'' | Mustafa's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Gustakh Ishq]]'' | Mumtaz | [[Urdu 1]] |- | ''[[Sammi (TV series)|Sammi]]'' | Bilquis | rowspan="3" | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Alif Allah Aur Insaan]]'' | Razia |- | ''[[Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila]]'' | Tullo |- | rowspan="4" |2018 | ''[[Lashkara]]'' | Bubly's mother | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Ishq Tamasha]]'' | Rushna's aunt | rowspan="3" | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Sanwari]]'' | Ujala's mother |- | ''[[Baandi]]'' | Farhan's mother |- | rowspan="4" |2019 | ''[[Inkaar (TV series)|Inkaar]]'' | Zulekha | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/515336-inkaar-concludes-after-a-riveting-run|title=Inkaar concludes after a riveting run|website=The News International|date=18 May 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Aas (TV series)|Aas]]'' | Atiya | TV One |- | ''[[Bharam]]'' | Saima Afaaq | rowspan="3" | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Mehboob Aapke Qadmon Main]]'' | Sunaina's mother |- | rowspan="3" |2020 | ''[[Saraab]]'' | Asfandyar's mother |- | ''[[Ishqiya (TV series)|Ishqiya]]'' | Mrs. Siddique | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Chamak Damak'' | Rameen's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | rowspan="6" |2021 | ''[[Qayamat (TV series)|Qayamat]]'' | Afiyah | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/episode-1-qayamat-aims-to-address-more-than-one-social-issue|title=Episode 1: Qayamat aims to address more than one social issue|website=Something Haute|date=12 May 2021}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 2]]'' | Salma | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Phaans]]'' | Shakeela | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2020/11/05/zara-sami-shahzad-phaans|title=Zara Noor Abbas To Star Alongside Sami Khan And Shahzad Sheikh In 'Phaans'|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=13 May 2021}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.incpak.com/entertainment/zara-noor-abbas-sami-khan-shahzad-sheikh-phaans|title=Zara Noor Abbas, Sami Khan & Shahzad Sheikh to star in 'Phaans'|website=IncPak|date=4 May 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Neeli Zinda Hai]]'' | Meharbano | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/teaser-review-neeli-zinda-hai-featuring-mohib-mirza-sonia-mishal-urwa-hocane-looks-interesting|title=Teaser Review: Neeli Zinda Hai featuring Mohib Mirza, Sonia Mishal & Urwa Hocane looks interesting|website=Something Haute|date=14 May 2021|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=8 Bisha Todobaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708080015/https://somethinghaute.com/teaser-review-neeli-zinda-hai-featuring-mohib-mirza-sonia-mishal-urwa-hocane-looks-interesting/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1629123|title=That Week That Was Neeli Zinda Hai|website=Dawn News|date=4 September 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Bechari Qudsia]]'' | Hajra | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Mohabbat Daagh Ki Soorat'' | Mohsina | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cutacut.com/2021/08/04/teaser-for-mohabbat-dagh-ki-soorat-is-here|title=Teaser for Mohabbat Dagh Ki Soorat is here|website=Cutacut|date=1 September 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |2022 | ''Mein Aisi Kiun Hun'' | Zara's mother | [[Express Entertainment]] |- | ''Yeh Na Thi Hamari Qismat'' | Shireen | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 4]]'' | Noshi's mother | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Wabaal]]'' | Faraz's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Guddu (TV series)|Guddu]]'' | Safiya | rowspan="2" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Qalandar (TV series)|Qalandar]]'' | Rahat |- | ''Mere Damad'' | Arbaaz's mother | rowspan="2" | [[Hum TV]] |- | rowspan="6" |2023 | ''Kacha Dhaga'' | Maya's mother |- | ''Heer Da Hero'' | Marina | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Jeevan Nagar'' | Zulekha | Green Entertainment |- | ''Khumar'' | Atiya (Extended Special Appearance) | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Adawat'' | Rashida | rowspan="2" | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Jaan-e-Jahan'' | Abida |- | rowspan="7" |2024 | ''Ishqaway'' | Suraiya | rowspan="6" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Bayhadh'' | Azra |- | ''Jaan Nisar'' | Fehmida |- | ''Girhein'' | Samina |- | ''Tauba'' | Farzana |- | ''Ishq Hua'' | Maheen |- | ''Aye Ishq-e-Junoon'' | Kulsoom | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jang.com.pk/en/25349-ushna-shah-debuts-her-superstar-babies-in-hit-drama-aye-ishq-e-junoon-news|title=Ushna Shah debuts her 'superstar babies' in hit drama 'Aye Ishq E Junoon'|website=Daily Jang News|date=November 17, 2024}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2025 | ''Humraaz'' | Farheen | rowspan="2" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Pathar Dil'' | Nargis |} ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2023 | ''Fakhroo Ki Dulhaniya'' | Naila |- |2024 | ''Jodi Ban Gayi'' | Nasreen |} ===Filim=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2011 | ''[[Khamosh Raho]]'' | Malkin<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2011/03/05/from-the-set-of-khamosh-raho|title=From the set of Khamosh Raho|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=15 May 2021|access-date=4 June 2021|archive-date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421020350/https://galaxylollywood.com/2011/03/05/from-the-set-of-khamosh-raho/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2011/04/10/khamosh-raho-releasing-on-10th-june|title="Khamosh Raho" releasing on 10th June|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=16 May 2021}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:3882790|Kinza Malik]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] [https://www.instagram.com/kinzamalikawan/ Kinza Malik] ayaa ku jirta [[Inistigaram|Instagram]] kjjsdz2ke2uaz8bd1q1rxxxnhtc4her 0 43403 297492 287317 2026-05-16T23:28:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Agha Ali | image = | caption = | birth_name = Agha Ali Abbas | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|12|4}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.samaa.tv/entertainment/2020/12/aagha-ali-celebrates-35th-birthday-with-wife-family/|title=Aagha Ali celebrates 35th birthday with wife, family|date=4 December 2020|access-date=14 December 2021|work=[[Samaa TV]]}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|writer|composer|director}} | years_active = 2006–hada | education = [[Shahaadada Bachelor ee Fanka]] (BA) | alma_mater = [[Kulliyadda Christian Forman]] | father = [[Agha Sikandar]] | relations = {{ubl | [[Ali Abbas (jilaa)|Ali Abbas]] (ina adeer)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/i-do-one-drama-to-run-my-house-and-one-for-the-craft-ali-abbas/|title=I do one drama to run my house and one for the craft: Ali Abbas|date=7 December 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|work=Something Haute|archive-date=16 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216162418/https://www.somethinghaute.com/i-do-one-drama-to-run-my-house-and-one-for-the-craft-ali-abbas/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Waseem Abbas]] (Adeer hooyo) | [[Inayat Hussain Bhatti]] (awoowe hooyo | [[Kaifee]] (maternal granduncle) | Ali Sikandar (walaal) | [[Ali Azmat]] (ina adeer hooyo) }} }} '''Aagha Ali Abbas''' (Urdu: آغا علی عباس ; dhashay 4 Diseembar 1985) waa jilaa telefishan Pakistan ah, heesaa, soojeediye, qoraa, qoraa heeso, iyo agaasime. ==Nolosha hore iyo asalka== Aagha Ali waxa uu ku dhashay 4 December 1985 in Lahore , Punjab . Waa wiilka ugu yar ee uu dhalay jilaaga caanka ah ee 1980-meeyadii, Agha Sikandar (d. 1993), laf ahaantiisa waa wiilka uu soddogga u yahay fannaanka caanka ah, jilaa, iyo soo saare Inayat Hussain Bhatti , kaas oo sidaas darteed ah Awowgiis Agha Ali hooyadeed, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu adeer u yahay jilaaga telefishinka Waseem Cabbaas iyo sidoo kale abti ay wada dhasheen Cali Cabbaas Walaalkiis Ali Sikandar sidoo kale waa jilaa iyo qoraa halka fannaanka noqday jilaa, Ali Azmat waa adeerkii hooyadiis Aagha waxa uu shahaadada koowaad ee cilmiga fanka kaga qalin jabiyay Forman Christian College . ==Xirfad== Aagha waxa uu safarkiisa ku bilaabay fanka madadaalada isaga oo wali ku jira jaamacada isaga oo 19 jir ah waxa uu noqday mid firfircoon oo dhanka masraxa ah waxana uu ku jilay jilaa/ heesaa 15 ilaa 20 tiyaatar. Si rasmi ah mihnadiisa TV-ga waxa uu ku soo bilowday 2006-dii isagoo ah anchor-host kanaalka ATV , iyo barnaamijka guusha leh ee Total Round Up . Waxa uu ku guulaystay Abaalmarinta Anchor-ka ugu Fiican isla barnaamijkaas Abaalmarinnada ATV ee 2006dii. Waxa uu shaqadiisa jilida ka bilaabay Yaad Piya Ki Aaye (2005) Sameer ahaan, ka dibna Satrangi (2008) Waxa uu qaatay hakad ku dhawaad ​​saddex sano ah waxbarashadiisa, waxaana mudadaas sameeyay muqaal muusig, "Mera Pehla Rock Song", kaas oo laga bilaabay goobta talefishanka qaranka ee PTV Home ee showga Subaxdii Juggan ee 9kii Janaayo 2013. Doorkiisa hogaamineed ee taxanaha jaceylka ah ee Mein Hari Piya (2012), ee Hum TV , waxaa si wanaagsan u soo dhaweeyay dhaleeceynta iyo dadweynaha, waxaana uu ku muteystay magacaabista abaalmarinta Hum Award ee Jilaaga Saabuunta ugu Fiican Rukhsaar , taxane telefishan oo ka baxa Geo TV , wuxuu helay guulo dheeraad ah Tan waxaa ku xigay daboollada muusiga "Khwab Adhoore Sahi" iyo "Aaj Bhi". 2014, waxa uu jilay Mere Meherbaan , Mehram iyo Digest Writer Shaqadiisu waxay sii martay doorka rockstar ee taxanaha riwaayadaha diinta ee 2015, Khuda Dekh Raha Hai , oo ka soo horjeeda Sajal Aly , kaas oo uu sidoo kale ku heesay heesta cinwaanka Agha wuxuu markaas ciyaaray doorar hogaamineed dhowr taxane ah oo guuleystay, oo ay ku jiraan Andaaz-e-Sitam (2017), Tumhare Hain (2017), Band Khirkiyan (2019), iyo Dil-e-Gumshuda (2019), oo ku daray caannimadiisa Dhawaan waxa uu hormuud ka ahaa riwaayadii aadka loo jeclaa ee Mujhe Khuda Pay Yakeen Hai ee ka bixi jirtay Geo Entertainment . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Sheekada halganka Aagha iyo ku adkaysiga uu u leeyahay mihnadda warbaahinta ayaa noqotay mid cinwaan looga dhigay, maadaama ay safar adag u ahayd inuu naftiisa dhiso. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku jiray wararka dhowr sano xiriirka uu la lahaa aktarka Sarah Khan , waxayna ahaayeen lamaane caan ah waqtigaas, laakiin wax walba ayaa isbedelay markii ay kala tageen 2019, wuxuu la kulmay Hina Altaf intii lagu guda jiray duubista filimka taxanaha ah ee Dil-e-Gumshuda Lamaanuhu waxay guursadeen xaflad gaar ah oo Nikah ah 22 May 2020, Karachi . laga bilaabo 2023, Aagha iyo Hina waxaa lagu xaman jiray inay kala tageen. Waxa uu ku sheegay mid ka mid ah waraysiyadii uu la yeeshay Ayaz Samoo oo ku saabsan in keligood la noolaado. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa goor dambe si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqay Aagha laftiisa in aysan hadda wada joogin. ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sanadka !! Taxane !! Doorka !! Kanaalka !! Xusuusin |- | 2006 || ''Yaad Piya Ki Aaye'' || Sameer || [[PTV Home]] || |- | rowspan="2"| 2008 || ''[[Satrangi]]'' || Khayyam || [[Geo TV]] || |- || ''Teri Ik Nazar'' || Rameez || Geo TV || |- | 2009 || ''[[Jinnah Ke Naam]]'' || Sameer || [[PTV Home]] || |- | 2010 || ''Mujhe Hai Hukum-e-Azan'' || Jimmy || [[Hum TV]] || |- | rowspan="5"| 2013 || ''[[Mein Hari Piya]]'' || Zawar || Hum TV || Nominated—[[Hum Award for Best Soap Actor]] |- || ''Halki Si Khalish'' || Aamir || Hum TV || |- || ''Agar Tum Na Hote'' || Hammad || [[A-Plus TV]] || |- || ''[[Kami Reh Gaee]]'' || Rizwan || PTV Home ||<ref>{{cite news|title=PTV Home to launch new star-studded drama serial "Kami Reh Gaee"|url=http://pakobserver.net/201302/17/detailnews.asp?id=196393|work=[[Pak Observer]] (newspaper)|date=17 February 2013|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721111523/http://pakobserver.net/201302/17/detailnews.asp?id=196393|archive-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> |- || ''[[Ghundi]]'' || Rehan || [[Hum Sitaray]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1185073|title=The funniest Pakistani shows you should watch to beat lockdown blues|date=12 May 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6"| 2014 || ''Shehr-e-Yaran'' || Ahsan || [[ARY Digital]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arydigital.tv/videos/shehr-e-yaran-episode-35/|title=Shehr-e-Yaran|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- || ''Arranged Marriage'' || Ahmad || ARY Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/arranged-marriage/|title=Arranged Marriage|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''Shab-e-Zindagi'' || Yasir || Hum TV || |- || ''[[Rukhsaar (TV series)|Rukhsaar]]'' || Amaar || Geo TV ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/program/rukhsaar#_|title=Rukhsaar|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- || ''Bay Emaan Mohabbat'' || Baber || ARY Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/bay-imaan-mohabbat-2/|title=Baimaan Mohabbat|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Mere Meherbaan]]'' || Zeeshan || Hum TV || |- | rowspan="3"| 2014–2015 || ''[[Mehram]]'' || Areeb || Hum TV || Also playback singer for the song "Dararien" |- || ''[[Digest Writer]]'' || Shehreyar || Hum TV || |- || ''[[Noori]]'' || Tariq || TVOne || |- | rowspan="6"| 2015 || ''[[Mere Khuda]]'' || Yasir || Hum TV || |- || ''[[Khuda Dekh Raha Hai]]'' || Junaid || A-Plus TV || Also playback singer, writer and composer for the song "Akhiyan Num Num" The OST of the project |- || ''Maamta'' || Maaz || ARY Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/maamta/|title=Maamta|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Kis Se Kahoon]]'' || Fahad || PTV Home ||<ref>{{ Cite news |title='کس سے کہوں': پی ٹی وی کا ایک بہترین ڈرامہ|url=https://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1016961|date=15 February 2015|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[Dawn News]]|language=ur}}</ref> |- || ''Tum Yaad Aye'' || Shehreyar || Ary Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/tum-yaad-aaye-exclusive-ary-digital-drama/|title=Tum Yaad Aaye|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Tere Mere Beech]]'' || Fahad || Hum TV ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148753|title=Hum TV's 'Tere Mere Beech' is getting viewers'|date=2016-01-07|work=HIP|access-date=2021-12-16|language=en-US|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2021-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216161908/https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148753|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | 2016 || ''[[Ghalti]]'' || Saim || A-Plus TV ||<ref>{{cite news |url=http://dailytimes.com.pk/life-and-style/09-Oct-16/kaleem-rajputs-gripping-tale-of-facing-pressure-from-parents |title=Kaleem Rajput's gripping tale of facing pressure from parents |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] (newspaper)|date=2016-03-21 |access-date=2021-12-16}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4"| 2017 || ''[[Andaaz-e-Sitam|Andaaz e Sitam]]'' || Wamiq || [[Urdu 1]] || |- || ''Tumhare Hain'' || Rayan || [[ARY Digital]] || |- || ''[[Be Inteha (Serial)|Be Inteha]]'' || Zaid || [[Urdu 1]] || |- || ''[[Bedardi Saiyaan]]'' || Shaani || [[Geo TV]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/program/bedardi-saiyaan|title=Bedardi Saiyaan|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3"| 2018 || ''[[Mere Bewafa]]'' || Shahmeer || [[A-Plus TV]] || Also playback singer, writer and composer for the song "Duhaiyaan" The OST of the project<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/07-Jun-2018/love-reflections-on-life-in-mere-bewafa|title=Love, reflections on life in Mere Bewafa|work=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]|date=7 June 2018|access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> |- || ''Khatti Methi Love Story'' || Bilal || [[Express Entertainment]] || |- || ''[[Band Khirkiyan]]'' || Zain || [[Hum TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/366811-a|title=Agha Ali says most women in the industry 'are fake', wife Hina is exception|date=24 August 2021|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[Geo News]]}}</ref> |- | 2019 || ''[[Dil-e-Gumshuda]]'' || Daniyal || [[Geo TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/589695-top-drama-serials-on-geo-entertainment-this-year|title=Top drama serials on Geo Entertainment this year|date=28 December 2019|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[The News International]] (newspaper)}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5"| 2020 || ''Teray Pyar Mai'' || Zaman || [[Geo TV]] || Telefilm<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/9-star-studded-telefilms-you-can-watch-this-eid-ul-azha/|title=9 star-studded telefilms you can watch this Eid ul Azha|date=1 August 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|work=Something Haute|archive-date=16 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216161909/https://www.somethinghaute.com/9-star-studded-telefilms-you-can-watch-this-eid-ul-azha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- || ''[[Khoob Seerat]]'' || Samar || [[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/30-Apr-2020/nimra-khan-woes-audiences-in-khoob-seerat|work=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]|date=30 April 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|title=Nimra Khan woes audiences in Khoob Seerat}}</ref> |- || ''[[Dikhawa]]'' || Danish || [[Geo TV]]|| Episode: "Keraye Ki Izzat" |- || ''[[Haqeeqat (2019 TV series)|Haqeeqat]]'' || Armaan || [[A-Plus TV]] || Episode:"Anna"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/567119/mansha-pasha-and-agha-ali-pairing-up-for-telefilm/|title=Mansha Pasha and Agha Ali pairing up for telefilm|date=2020-02-28|website=Daily Times|access-date=2022-01-19}}</ref> |- |''[[Aik Aur Munafiq]]'' |Rashid |[[Geo TV]] |Episode Jholi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/detail/11489|title=Aik Aur Munafiq{{!}}Jholi|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"| 2021 || '' [[Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai]] '' || Hammad || [[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url= https://images.dawn.com/news/1187049|title=Aagha Ali's Mujhe Khuda Pe Yaqeen Hai is leading the rating chart with high TRPs|access-date=21 April 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 3]]'' || Salman|| [[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]]|| Episode: "Usool Aur Sachai"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://phpstack-1262058-4541515.cloudwaysapps.com/program/Makafat-Season-3/12909|title=Makafaat Season 3{{!}}Usool Aur Sachai|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- | 2022 |''Zakham'' |Sikander |[[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sumiya |date=2022-07-06 |title=Zakham Drama Cast Name, Cast Pictures, Story, & Timing |url=https://www.magpakistan.com/zakham-drama-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=Mag Pakistan |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |2023 |''[[Dhoka (TV series)|Dhoka]]'' |Ahmed |[[ARY Digital]] |- |2024 |''Ishqaway'' |Shahrukh Amin |[[Geo TV]] | |- |2024 |''Habil aur Qabil'' |Haris Qazalbaash |[[Geo TV]] | |- |2025 |''Mohra'' |Sikander Hamdani |[[Geo TV]] | |} ===Taxanaha shabakada=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sanadka !! Ciwaanka !! Doorka !! Shabakada !! Xusuusin |- |2021 |''Raat'' |Ali |UrduFlix |Also The Writer and Director of the project.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://images.dawn.com/news/1188155|title=Aagha Ali shares promotional poster for his directorial debut Raat|date=6 August 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> |} === Filim === Agha started shooting for his Debut Action Film under the direction of (Late) Iqbal Kashmiri. Kashmiri died and the film was left incomplete.<ref>{{cite news|author=Wajiha Jawaid|date=4 November 2015|url=https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148255|title=Agha Ali to play action hero in debut film|work=hipinpakistan|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625185808/https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148255|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sanadka !! Taxane !! Doorka !! Kanaalka !! Xusuusin |- |Rowspan= 2 | 2021 |''Zoya Nay Haan Kardi'' |Ashir |[[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]] |Teleflim<ref>{{cite news|url= https://images.dawn.com/news/1187154|title=Aagha Ali and Hiba Bukhari battle it out for a house in a new Eid romcom|date=6 May 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/program/Zoya-Nay-Haan-Kardi|title=Zoya Nay Haan Kardi|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- |''Shadi hai Impossible'' | |[[ARY Digital]] |Teleflim<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2021/07/telefilms-to-look-out-on-this-eid-ul-adha/|title=Telefilms to look out for on this Eid-ul-Adha|date=20 July 2021|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[Bol News]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2|2022 |''Love Life Ka Law'' |Agha |[[Geo TV]] |Telefilm<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=Love Life Ka Law Telefilm Cast Name, Pictures, Story, & Timing |url=https://www.magpakistan.com/love-life-ka-law-telefilm-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Mag Pakistan |language=en-US |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519022549/https://www.magpakistan.com/love-life-ka-law-telefilm-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |''Bhagam Bhag'' |Shahmir |[[ARY Digital]] |Telefilm |- | rowspan=2| 2024 |''Kabhi Aar Kabhi paar'' | |[[ARY Digital]] |Telefilm |- |''Band Baja aur Bajiya'' | |[[Express Entertainment]] | Telefilm |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:3222293|Aagha Ali]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] [https://www.facebook.com/AghaAliOfficialPage Aagha Ali] [[Faysbuug|Facebook- ga]] hdb3cugc9g24osfdco81jpvb46ffa9d 0 43416 297488 297455 2026-05-16T14:18:01Z ~2026-27958-27 45557 297488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. **Arralleh Saleibn<br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Hawrarsame ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Muse Siad ****************Farah Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Sade Said *****************Abdalle Sade *****************Musa Sade ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Wais Aden ****************Benin Aden ****************Nur Aden ****************Muse Aden ****************Samter Aden ****************Abdalle Aden ****************Jama Aden ****************Eileie Adan ****************Barre Aden ****************Ibrahim Aden ****************khalaf Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien ******************Nour Hussein ******************Farah Hussien ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *******************Aidid Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Said Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dalal Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Osman Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Suldan Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Mohamed Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Cadawe Muuse **Aden Muuse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. * waana beesha ugu dhaqaalaha Badan * Sido kale wa beel aad logu yaqaano geesimada |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi (Addeh) ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan (Rer Ladon) **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed (Rer Geedi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Siad Jibril **Musa Siad **Farah Siad *kalil jibril **Ali kalil ***Siad Ali ***Koshin Ali ***Boqorre Ali *Saeed jibril **Sade Said ***Abdalle Sade ***Musa Sade *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) *Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) **Abdalle Ali ***Musa Abdalle **Hussein Ali **Mumin Ali **Naleye Ali *Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) **Ismail Nour **Gabal Nour **Hersi Nour **Mohamed Nour *Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *Abdille Abdi **Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ***Ismail Gallab ***Asker Gallab **Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ***Gulled Eiye ***Sharmake Eiye **Mohamed Abdille ***Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Daroor]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. *Waa mida labaad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan Beesha * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan nwhqnvilcn6o52ol2imbf4014eexvla 297489 297488 2026-05-16T14:36:34Z ~2026-27958-27 45557 297489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. **Arralleh Saleibn<br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Hawrarsame ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Muse Siad ****************Farah Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Sade Said *****************Abdalle Sade *****************Musa Sade ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Wais Aden ****************Benin Aden ****************Nur Aden ****************Muse Aden ****************Samter Aden ****************Abdalle Aden ****************Jama Aden ****************Eileie Adan ****************Barre Aden ****************Ibrahim Aden ****************khalaf Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien ******************Nour Hussein ******************Farah Hussien ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *******************Aidid Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Said Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dalal Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Suldan Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Mohamed Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Cadawe Muuse **Aden Muuse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. * waana beesha ugu dhaqaalaha Badan * Sido kale wa beel aad logu yaqaano geesimada |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi (Addeh) ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan (Rer Ladon) **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed (Rer Geedi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Siad Jibril **Musa Siad **Farah Siad *kalil jibril **Ali kalil ***Siad Ali ***Koshin Ali ***Boqorre Ali *Saeed jibril **Sade Said ***Abdalle Sade ***Musa Sade *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) *Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) **Abdalle Ali ***Musa Abdalle **Hussein Ali **Mumin Ali **Naleye Ali *Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) **Ismail Nour **Gabal Nour **Hersi Nour **Mohamed Nour *Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *Abdille Abdi **Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ***Ismail Gallab ***Asker Gallab **Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ***Gulled Eiye ***Sharmake Eiye **Mohamed Abdille ***Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Daroor]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. *Waa mida labaad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan Beesha * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan fjulohhdh8nyz19fhrbqyery9tymte7 0 43420 297515 286149 2026-05-17T04:57:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Saleem Sheikh | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|03|09}} | birth_place = [[Rawalpindi]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Bakistaan]] | image = | imagesize = | caption = Saleem Sheikh | occupation = Jilaa <br> Soo saare | years active = 1975–hada | spouse = Nosheen Saleem (1999–hada) | relatives = [[Jawed Sheikh]] (Walaal)<br />[[Behroze Sabzwari]] (brother-in-law)<br /> [[Shahzad Sheikh]] (nephew)<br />[[Momal Sheikh]] (niece)<br />[[Shehroz Sabzwari]] (abti) }} '''Saleem Sheikh''' ( Punjabi , Urdu : سلیم شیخ ) (sidoo kale loo higaadiyay Saleem Shaikh ) waa jilaa iyo soo saare Pakistani ah. ==Xirfad== ===1970-meeyadii: Jilaa caruur=== Wuxuu ka soo muuqday Shaashadda Shaashadda PTV halkaas oo uu ku soo bandhigay qaabkii walaalkii Jawed Sheekh ee ka yaraa . Ka dib waxa uu ka soo muuqday farshaxan caruur ah oo ku jira ciyaaraha carruurta ee PTV. ===1990-meeyadii: Guusha guud=== Wuxuu caan ku ahaa inuu GC Safeer ku matalo Riwaayadii Milatari ee Shoaib Mansoor ee Sunehray Din . Sheikh waxa uu filimkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay sameeyay 1992 isaga oo uu la wado Mohabbat Ke Saudagar . ===2010-meeyadii: Soo noqoshada iyo doorarka jilayaasha=== Xirfadiisu waxay aragtay dib u soo kabashada 2010 markii uu ku ciyaaray Abdul Hameed "Midu" ee Anokha Ladla iyo taxaneheeda sanadaha soo socda. ==Liiska Filimada la doortay== {{BLP unreferenced section|date= July 2022}} {| class="wikitable" |+Key |{{No|{{dagger}}}} |denotes film / drama that has not released yet |- | {{Yes|{{dagger}}}} | Denotes films / drama that are currently on cinema / on air |} ===Taxanaha telefishinka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka !Producer ! scope="col" |Shabakada ! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Xusuusin |- |1976 !scope="row"|''[[Shama (TV series)|Shama]]'' |Mansoor | | rowspan="27" |[[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] | |- |1986 !scope="row"|''[[Dastak (TV series)|Dastak]]'' |Salman | | |- |1990 !scope="row"|''[[Parosi]]'' |Arsal | | |- |1991 !scope="row"|''[[Sunehray Din]]'' |Safeer | |<ref>{{Cite web|title =Timeless classics that pay tribute to Pakistan's armed forces|url =https://tribune.com.pk/story/951661/timeless-classics-that-paid-tribute-to-pakistans-armed-forces?|date=6 September 2015|work=Tribune}}</ref> |- |- |1993 !scope="row"|''Zakham'' |Anees | | |- |1994 !scope="row"|''Khoobsurat Jahan'' |Nasir | | |- |1995 !scope="row"|''Dukh Sukh'' |Sarmad | | |- | rowspan="4" |1998 !scope="row"|''Kallo'' |Sajid | | |- !scope="row"|''[[Rahain]]'' |Khalid | | |- !scope="row"|''Paranda'' |Yasir | | |- !scope="row"|''Cast Walk'' |Farhan | | |- | rowspan="2" |1999 !scope="row"|''Chandpur Ka Chandoo'' |Ahsan | | |- !scope="row"|''Ghareeb-e-Shehar'' |Saleem Ullah | | |- | rowspan="4" |2000 !scope="row"|''Qafs'' |Police officer | | |- !scope="row"|''Jeevan'' |Zafar | | |- !scope="row"|''Kaanch Kay Par'' |Rohail | | |- !scope="row"|''Dopatta'' |Kashif | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2001 !scope="row"|''Kajal Ghar'' |Shaukat | | |- !scope="row"|''Armaan'' |Aadil | | |- | 2002 !scope="row"|''Dunya Dari'' |Rahat | | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 !scope="row"|''Pankh'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Karwat'' |Jamal | | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 !scope="row"|''Khamosh'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Neela Aasman'' |Kamal | | |- !scope="row"|''Sirf Tumhare Liye'' | | | |- |rowspan="3"|2005 !scope="row"|''Dil Se Dil Tak'' |Danish | | |- !scope="row"|''Sath Nibhana Hai'' |Shah Mir | | |- !scope="row"|''Kaanch Ki Guria'' |Fahad | | | |- |2006 !scope="row"|''[[Makan (TV series)|Makan]]'' |Jaffer | |[[Geo Entertainment]] | |- |rowspan="5"|2007 !scope="row"|''Ye Rah Mushkil Nahi'' | | | rowspan="8" |[[PTV Home]] | |- !scope="row"|''Dil Mera Mera Nahi'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Pyar Main'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Paglay Yahin Ke'' | | | |- !scope="row"|''Ghar'' |Talib | | |- |2008 !scope="row"|''Khawahishon Kay Jugnoo'' | | | |- |2010 !scope="row"|''Dil Behkay Ga'' |Ameer | |- |2011 !scope="row"|''[[Anokha Ladla]] (Season 1)'' |Abdul Hameed "Midu" |{{Ya}} | |- |rowspan="2"|2012 !scope="row"|''[[Bilqees Kaur]]'' |Farooq | |[[Hum TV]] |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://minutemirror.com.pk/saleem-sheikh-to-make-his-comeback-with-film-thori-life-thori-zindagi-29144/|title=Saleem Sheikh to make his comeback with film 'Thori Life Thori Zindagi'|date=22 February 2022|access-date=23 August 2022|work=Minute Mirror}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|''[[Anokha Ladla]] (Season 2)'' | rowspan="2" |Abdul Hameed "Midu" |{{Ya}} | rowspan="2" |[[PTV Home]] | |- |2013 !scope="row"|''[[Anokha Ladla]] (Season 3)'' !{{Ya}} | |- |2014 !scope="row"|''Apni Kahani Kese Kahain'' | !{{Ya}} |[[Express Entertainment]] | |- | rowspan="2" |2015 ! scope="row" |''[[Maan (Pakistani TV series)|Maan]]'' |Nadeem | | rowspan="2" |[[Hum TV]] | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Tere Baghair]]'' |Nisar | | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 ! scope="row" |''[[Babul Ka Angna (TV series)|Babul Ka Angna]]'' | | |[[Geo Entertainment]] | |- ! scope="row" |''Nautanki Family'' | | |[[PTV Home]] | |- !scope="row"|''Pashemaan'' | |{{Ya}} |[[Express Entertainment]] | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Laaj (TV series)|Laaj]]'' |Dilawar | | rowspan="3" |[[Hum TV]] | |- | rowspan="4" |2017 ! scope="row" |''[[Adhi Gawahi]]'' |Faizan | | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila]]'' |Sikander | | |- ! scope="row" |''Rani'' |Nadir Shah | |[[Geo Entertainment]] | |- !scope="row"|''No Time For Pyar Vyar'' |Ashar | | rowspan="2" |[[PTV Home]] | |- | rowspan="3" |2018 ! scope="row" |''Jugnu'' |Jugnu !{{Ya}} | |- ! scope="row" |''Aapko Kya Takleef Hai'' |Nasir | |[[BOL Entertainment|Bol]] | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Hoor Pari]]'' |Najeeb | |[[A-Plus TV]] | |- |2020 ! scope="row" |''Baarish Main Aag'' |Sardar Shahzad | |LTN Family | |- |2022 ! scope="row" |''[[Wabaal]]'' |Shakir | | rowspan="3" |[[Hum TV]] | |- | rowspan="2" |2023 ! scope="row" |''[[Fairy Tale (Pakistani TV series)|Fairy Tale]]'' | rowspan="2" |Pasha Sahib | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/hum-tvs-upcoming-drama-wabaal-introduces-fresh-on-screen-pairing/|title=Hum TV's upcoming drama Wabaal introduces fresh on-screen pairing|date=12 August 2022|work=Something Haute|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=5 Bisha Sideedaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805224638/https://somethinghaute.com/hum-tvs-upcoming-drama-wabaal-introduces-fresh-on-screen-pairing/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''[[Fairy Tale (Pakistani TV series)|Fairy Tale 2]]'' | | |} ===Filimada=== *Mohabat Ke Saudagar (1992) *Duniya Dus Numberi (1993) *Qasam (1993) *Chief Sahib (1996) *Sangam (1997) *Haa Boss (1997) *Kaheen Pyar Na Hojaye (1998) *Dil Sanbhala Na Jaye (1998) *Sheekada Jacaylka Aik Aur (1999) *Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa (2002) *Khulay Aasman Ke Neechay (2008) ==Abaalmarinada== *Abaalmarinta Bolan ee jilaaga ugu wanagsan ee Chief Sahb 1996 *Abaalmarinta Nigar ee jilaaga taageerada ugu fican ee Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa 2002 *Abaalmarinta PTV ee jilaagii ugu taageerada badnaa ee (Dil Behkay Ga) 2012 {|class="wikitable style" ! Xaflada ! Qaybta ! Mashruuca ! Natiijada |- | [[2nd Lux Style Awards]] | Best Film Actor | '''''[[Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa]]''''' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"|[[10th Lux Style Awards]] | Best TV Play (Terrestrial) | rowspan="3"|'''''[[Anokha Ladla]]''''' | {{won}} |- | Best TV Actor (Terrestrial) | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[12th Lux Style Awards]] | Best TV Actor (Terrestrial) |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== kgnydbpzxi4ieieynt01dhf3zw0ea96 0 43530 297497 286537 2026-05-17T00:22:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox academic | name = Carlo Pedretti | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1928|01|06}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|01|05|1928|01|06}} | death_place = | nationality = Talyaani | alma_mater = | workplaces = [[Jaamacadda California, Los Angeles]] | discipline = [[Art history]], [[History of science]] | period = 1960 – 1993 | known_for = Cilmi-baarista Leonardo da Vinci | notable_works = }} '''Carlo Pedretti''' (6 Janaayo 1928 - 5 Janaayo 2018) wuxuu ahaa taariikhyahan faneed Talyaani ah . Intii uu noolaa, waxaa loo tixgeliyey mid ka mid ah khubarada hormuudka u ah nolosha iyo shaqada Leonardo da Vinci Wuxuu ahaa borofisar taariikhda fanka ah iyo Guddoomiyaha Armand Hammer ee Daraasaadka Leonardo ee Jaamacadda California, Los Angeles laga blaabo 1960 ilaa uu ka fariistay 1993. ==Nolosha== Carlo Pedretti waxa uu ku dhashay Bologna . Dhalashadiisii ​​13aad Pedretti wuxuu naftiisa baray inuu wax ku qoro gacanta bidix oo uu gadaal u akhriyo sida Leonardo oo kale. Maqaalladii ugu horreeyay ee Pedretti ee ku saabsan Leonardo waxaa la daabacay 1944 da'da 16 Laga soo bilaabo 1960 ilaa uu ka fariistay 1993, Pedretti wuxuu ahaa borofisar taariikhda fanka ah iyo Guddoomiyaha Armand Hammer ee Daraasaadka Leonardo ee Jaamacadda California, Los Angeles . Waxa uu door ka qaatay firfircoonida maktabadda Elmer Belt ee Vinciana . Waxa uu ahaa qoraaga in ka badan 60 buug iyo 500 oo qormo iyo maqaallo ku qoran afaf kala duwan Waxa uu u guuray Talyaaniga 2013 si uu ugu noolaado Villa di Castel Vitoni ee Lamporecchio oo uu agaasimo Rossana iyo Carlo Pedretti Foundation Waxa kale oo uu ahaa mid joogto ah oo ka mid ah bogagga dhaqanka ee Corriere della Sera iyo de L'Osservatore Romano . Horudhaciisa buuga Carlo Pedretti - A Bibliography of His Work On Leonardo da Vinci and The Renaissance (1944-1984) , taariikhyahan farshaxan Kenneth Clark wuxuu leeyahay: "[Pedretti] shaki la'aan waa aqoonyahankii ugu weynaa ee Leonardo waqtigeena..." Pedretti wuxuu dhintay 5 Janaayo 2018, hal maalin ka hor dhalashadiisa 90aad ==Maamuus iyo xubinimo== Maamuusyada lagu guddoonsiiyay Pedretti gudaha Talyaaniga iyo dibaddaba waxaa ka mid ahaa Biladda Dahabka ah ee Dhaqanka ee Madaxweynihii Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga 1972-kii, isla sanadkaas, Xigashada Congress-ka ee Congress-ka Mareykanka. Waxaa la siiyay dhalasho sharafeed magaalooyinka Arezzo (2001) iyo Vinci (2008) iyo shahaado sharafyo uu ka qaatay Jaamacadaha Ferrara (1991), Urbino (1998), Milan (Catholic, 1999), iyo Caen (2002). Wuxuu xubin sharafeed ka ahaa Accademia degli Euteleti ee San Miniato al Tedesco iyo Accademia Raffaello ee Urbino Pedretti wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Guddiga Joogtada ah ee Daabacaadda Qaranka ee Qoraallada iyo Sawirrada ee Leonardo da Vinci ==Buugaag la doortay== C. Pedretti (ed.), Leonardo Da Vinci oo ku saabsan Rinjiyeynta: Buug lumay (Libro A) (Los Angeles, 1964). C. Pedretti, Leonardo: Daraasad ku saabsan Taariikhda iyo Qaabka (Los Angeles, 1973). C. Pedretti, Leonardo: Mashiinnada (Florence, 1999) (transl. Catherine Frost). C. Pedretti, Leonardo & Io (2008) ==Tixraac== [http://www.lanazione.it/montecatini/cronaca/morto-carlo-pedretti-esperto-leonardo-da-vinci-1.3646268 "E' morto Carlo Pedretti, il più grande esperto di Leonardo Da Vinci"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lanazione.it/montecatini/cronaca/morto-carlo-pedretti-esperto-leonardo-da-vinci-1.3646268 |date=20180106064107 }} [http://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/in-memoriam:-carlo-pedretti-89-art-historian-and-da-vinci-scholar "Memoriam: Carlo Pedretti, 89, taariikhyahan farshaxan iyo aqoonyahan da Vinci"] [https://www.rsa.org/blogpost/856879/292670/Carlo-Pedretti "Carlo Pedretti - Renaissance Society of America"] ==Ilaha== [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/09/world/europe/09florence.html "A Qarsoodi-Nolosha Dhabta Ah: Ugaadhsiga Leonardo Lumay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/21/magazine/the-leonardo-cover-up.html "Daboolkii Leonardo"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/84801/rec/2 Leonardo da Vinci: sawirada anatomical ee maktabadda Royal, Windsor Castle] oyplivf3olm55xo2d4qjqczwfmhvz6r 0 44740 297493 297004 2026-05-16T23:39:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Alexx Ekubo | image = | image_size = | alt = Photo of Alexx Ekubo | caption = | birth_name = Alexx Ekubo-Okwaraeke | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|04|10}} | birth_place = Nigeria | othername = | nationality = [[Nigerian]] | citizenship = [[Nigeria]] | education = Law, [[University of Calabar]] | alma_mater = [[ Jaamcada Calabar]] | occupation = Jilaa, Madadaaliye, iyo Bani'aadamnimo | yearsactive = 2003–hadda | website = }} '''Alexx Ekubo-Okwaraeke''' (wuxuu dhashay 10 Abriil 1986) waa jilaa reer Nigeria ah, maaweeye, iyo bini'aadantinimo. Waxa uu caan ku yahay doorkiisa majaajillada jacaylka ah ee Nollywood iyo riwaayadaha waxaana lagu tiriyaa mid ka mid ah kartida bangiga iyo kartida ugu badan ee shaleemada Afrika ee casriga ah. Waxa uu ahaa orodyahankii ugu horeeyay ee ka qayb gala tartankii Mr Nigeria 2010 waxana uu caan ka noqday Nollywood blockbuster, Weekend Getaway 2020, waxaa loo magacaabay mid ka mid ah "Dadka ugu Saamaynta Badan ee Afrikaanka ah ee ka hooseeya 40 ee Qaramada Midoobay, wax ku biirinta madadaalada iyo horumarinta bulshada ee qaaradda oo dhan. ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Ekubo wuxuu u dhashay Arochukwu , Gobolka Abia ee gobolka koonfur-bari ee qayb ka mid ah Nigeria. Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Kulliyada Dowladda Federaalka ee Daura, Gobolka Katsina ee Waqooyiga Gobolka Nigeria. Wuxuu sharciga ka bartay Jaamacadda Calabar , Cross River State, Nigeria. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu abaalmariyay Shahaado Sharafeed Fanka & Dhaqanka oo uu ka qaatay Instut Supèrieur de Communication et de Gestion (Jaamacadda ISCG) Cotonou, Jamhuuriyadda Benin, 2021. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Ekubo wuxuu caan ku yahay joogitaankiisa moodada gaarka ah, waxaana had iyo jeer lagu soo bandhigaa liisaska ugu labiska wanaagsan Afrika oo dhan. Waxa uu ilaaliyaa qaab nololeedka gaarka ah oo inta badan waxa uu adeegsadaa barnaamijkiisa si uu ugu doodo arrimaha bulshada iyo xoojinta dhalinyarada ==Xirfad== Filimkii ugu horeeyay ee Ekubo wuxuu ahaa door yar ee Lancelot Oduwa Imaseun's Sinners in the house (2003). Waxa uu markii dambe xiddig ka galay Afamefuna , Awoodda 1, Affair Axadda , Omo Ghetto: Saga , The Bling Lagosians , Catch.er , Zero Hour, Marwada Koowaad Lagos Cougars , Getaway Weekend , oo ka mid ah filimaan kale, oo inta badan muujinaya jilayaasha soo jiidashada leh ama majaajilada. Waxqabadkiisa waxaa lagu ammaanay isku dhafka kaftanka, qoto dheer ee dareenka, iyo soo jiidashada ganacsiga. Isagoo haysta in ka badan 100 filim, Ekubo wuxuu la soo shaqeeyay filim sameeyayaasha Nollywood waxaana si isa soo taraysa loogu aqoonsaday buundada dhaqameed ee u dhaxaysa shineemo Afrikaan iyo qurbo-joog. Ka soo muuqashadiisa xafladaha filimada adduunka oo dhan iyo la shaqayntiisa fagaarayaasha durugsan ayaa u dhigay inuu yahay karti Afrikaan caalami ah. ==Samafalka iyo u doodista== Madadaalada ka baxsan, Ekubo waa u doodaha dhalinyarada bini'aadantinimo/ samafale. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay dadaallo samafal oo badan iyo barnaamijyo wacyigelineed oo dhan Nigeria iyo gobolka Galbeedka Afrika. 2020 Waxa uu ka helay shahaado heer sare ah Sapio Club SGD (Horumarinta Yoolalka Joogtada ah) oo wax ku darsiga ku dayashada mudan ee Madadaalada Afrika & Dadaalka Bani'aadantinimo. 2021, waxaa la siiyay Abaalmarinta Caalamiga ah ee Bixinta Bulshada ee Sanadka Abaalmarinta Qaranka Nigeria dadaalkiisa samafalka Ekubo waxa loo aqoonsaday sanadka 2023 inuu yahay Safiirka dhalinyarada Rotary ee sanadka hoos yimaada Rotary International District 9142 ==Telefishanka== *Siro & Fadeexado *Hope Bay *Qoys Farxad leh *Tinsel *AY's Crib (2013-2015) sida JJ *U guursaday Ciyaarta (2014–2015) sidii Vincent Coker ==Tixraac== [https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/08/alexx-ekubo-honorary-doctorate/ "Alexx Ekubo waxa uu Shahaado Sharaf Doctorate ka qaatay ISCG University Benin] [https://globalexcellenceonline.com/sapio-club-celebrates-nigeria-60-dino-melaye-seyi-tinubu-others-grace-event/ "Naadiga Sapio wuxuu u dabaaldegaa Nigeria @60 * Dino Melaye, Seyi Tinubu, dhacdo kale oo nimco ah"] {{Wayback|url=https://globalexcellenceonline.com/sapio-club-celebrates-nigeria-60-dino-melaye-seyi-tinubu-others-grace-event/ |date=20250619202854 }} [https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/luke-of-lies/ "Luke of Been | Naqshadeynta Filimka Nollywood | Aflaanta Afrikaan Ka Hadal"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211209101603/http://blog.irokotv.com/2017/04/28/3-crowd-now-playing-irokotv/ "3 Ma dad badan baa hadda ku cayaaraya iROKOtv!"] [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/429916-bon-awards-laura-fidel-kunle-remi-win-best-kiss-full-list-of-winners.html "Abaalmarinta BON: Laura Fidel, Kunle Remi waxay ku guulaysteen dhunkashada ugu fiican (Liiska Buuxa ee Guulaystayaashii)" ] [https://thenet.ng/net-honours-class-of-2021/ "Sharafta Saafiga ah - Fasalka 2021"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4200896/ Alexx Ekubo] ee IMDb b9tqt0kcaa0cg0tcvc2uc4dt8bdilwz 0 46535 297496 297118 2026-05-17T00:15:24Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson |image=Abderrahim Goumri.jpg |caption=Goumri jooga [[2008 New York City Marathon]] |birth_date=21 May 1976 |death_date={{death date and age|19 Jan 2013|21 May 1976}} }} '''Cabdul Raxiim Al-Kumri''' ({{langx|ar|عبد الرحيم الغومري}}; 21 May 1976 – 19 Janaayo 2013 gudaha [[Temara]], [[Morocco]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418054231/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/go/abderrahim-goumri-1.html Goumri, Abderrahim]. Sports Reference. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> wuxuu ahaa [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[Orodyahannada masaafada dheer|orodyahan masaafada dheer ah]]. Wuxuu ku tartamay [[Orodka dhulka|orodka dhulka]], [[Ciyaaraha fudud|garoonka]], [[Orodka waddada|orodka waddada]] iyo tartamada [[Marathon|marathon-ka]]. ​Qaybtii hore ee shaqadiisa wuxuu ku qaatay dalka Norway, wuxuuna magac ku yeeshay bandhigyadii [[Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], halkaas oo uu dalkiisa ka caawiyay in ay helaan billadaha [[billad naxaas ah|naxaasta]] ee kooxda daabacaadihii 2002 iyo 2003. Wuxuu gaaray finalka orodka garoonka ee [[5000 mitir]] [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalkii Adduunka 2003]] iyo [[2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga]]. Sannadkii 2005 wuxuu orday natiijadiisii ugu wanaagsanayd ee shaqadiisa oo ahayd 12:50.25 daqiiqo fogaantaas, isagoo galay kaalinta kow iyo tobnaad ee liiska abid ugu wanaagsan. ​Laga soo bilaabo 2007 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay wuxuu xoogga saaray orodka marathon-ka, wuxuuna galay kaalinta labaad labada tartan ee [[London Marathon|London]] iyo [[New York City Marathon|New York]] sannadkaas. Wuxuu dhigay [[Rikoorka Morocco ee ciyaaraha fudud|rikoorka Morocco]] oo ahaa 2:05:30 saacadood isagoo galay kaalinta saddexaad London Marathon 2008, wuxuuna noqday orodyahankii lixaad ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badnaa marathon-ka xilligaas. Wuxuu ahaa kaalinta labaad New York Marathon 2008 iyo 2009 [[Chicago Marathon]]. In kasta oo uu bandhigyo wanaagsan ka sameeyay tartamada waaweyn, haddana si fiican uguma tartamin dhacdooyinka horyaalnimada—isagoo galay kaalinta labaatanaad [[2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee Beijing]] isagoo sidoo kale ku guuldareystay inuu dhammeystiro Horyaallada Adduunka ee 2007, 2009 iyo 2011. ​7-dii Juun 2012, Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Ciyaaraha Fudud (IAAF) ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Goumri si kumeel gaar ah looga joojiyay ciyaaraha sababo la xiriira qiimayaal dhiig oo aan caadi ahayn oo laga helay "baasaboorkiisa bayoolojiga." Wargeyska Faransiiska ee ''[[L'Équipe]]'' ayaa sheegay in IAAF ay ku talinaysay ganaax laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dembiga doping-ka. Wuxuu helay ganaax afar sano ah.<ref name=IAAFlist2013>{{cite web| url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=763841ee-f441-41ea-befa-961002781226.pdf&urlslug=List| title= Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 11.1.13| date = 11 Janaayo 2013| publisher = IAAF}}</ref> ​Goumri wuxuu dhintay 19-kii Janaayo 2013 shil baabuur oo ka dhacay Temara, Morocco isagoo ku sii jeeda Rabat.<ref name="moroccoworldnews"/> ​ ==Shaqada== ​===Tartamadii hore=== Isagoo markii hore u ordayay naadiga caanka ah ee [[Olympique de Safi]], muuqaalkii ugu horreeyay ee caalami ah oo Goumri u matalo Morocco wuxuu ahaa isagoo dhallinyaro ah [[1995 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], halkaas oo uu galay kaalinta 25-aad uuna qayb ka noqday billadda naxaasta ee kooxda dhallinyarada.<ref>Benchrif, Mohamed (2011-09-15). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/athletes/newsid=27396.html Focus on Athletes - Abderrahim Goumri]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Bilowgii shaqadiisa, wuxuu degganaa Norway. Wuxuu orday [[Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon]] 1997 wuxuuna ku guuleystay waqti ah 2:30:54 saacadood.<ref>Loonstra, Klaas & Gasparovic, Juraj (2010-06-28). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_TromsoMa.htm Midnight Sun Marathon] {{Wayback|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_TromsoMa.htm |date=20260316053744 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Sannadkii 1999, wuxuu ku guuleystay horyaalnimada Norway ee labada [[1500 mitir]] iyo [[5000 mitir]].<ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.co.uk/nc/nor.htm Norwegian Championships] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001605/http://www.gbrathletics.co.uk/nc/nor.htm |date=September 27, 2007 }} - GBR Athletics</ref><ref>[http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m1500.htm Norwegian championships in 1500 metres] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003053/http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m1500.htm |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m5000.htm Norwegian championships in 5000 metres] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000404/http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m5000.htm |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref> Sida saaxiibkiis ay isku dalka yihiin ee [[Khalid Skah]], oo ku guuleystay horyaalnimada Norway ee 5000 m sannadihii 1997, 1998 iyo 2000, Goumri wuxuu matalay naadiga ciyaaraha fudud ee [[IL i BUL]]. Wuxuu guulo xiriir ah ka gaaray kulanka [[Eurocross]] ee Luxembourg, isagoo horyaalka qaaday 2000 iyo 2001.<ref name=ARRS>Civai, Franco & Gasparovic, Juraj (2009-02-28). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_DiekirchXC.htm Eurocross 10.2 km (men) + 5.3 km (women)] {{Wayback|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_DiekirchXC.htm |date=20190506235147 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2010-03-01.</ref> ​Wuxuu xoogga saaray [[Orodka garoonka|orodka garoonka]] sannadkii 2001: wuxuu qayb ka ahaa guushii Morocco ku xaaqday billadaha 5000 m ee [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] (isagoo qaatay qalin).,<ref name=JF>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/fg.htm Francophone Games]. GBR Athletics. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ka dibna wuxuu ku orday finalka [[10,000 mitir]] ee [[2001 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]]. Wuxuu xilli ciyaareedkiisii garoonka ku soo xiray kaalinta tobnaad ee orodka [[3000 mitir]] ee [[2001 IAAF Grand Prix Final]].<ref name=IAAFBio>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=55511/index.html Goumri, Abderrahim]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Wuxuu isku caddeeyay inuu yahay orodyahan ku tartami kara xilli ciyaareedyadii xigay fogaano iyo dusha kala duwan. Wuxuu ahaa toddobaad orodka dheer ee [[2002 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]] (isagoo ka caawiyay Morocco billadda naxaasta ee kooxda) wuxuuna si yar ku waayay billadda 10,000 m isagoo galay kaalinta afaraad [[2002 Horyaalka Afrika ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]]. Kaalintiisii tobnaad iyo shan iyo tobnaad ee orodka gaaban iyo kan dheer ee [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]] waxay Morocco u keentay labo billadood oo naxaas ah oo kooxda ah. Sidoo kale wuxuu si fiican u soo bandhigay garoonka dhexdiisa, isagoo galay sagaalaad fogaanta [[3000 mitir]] ee [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha ee IAAF]] ka dibna tobnaad dibadda orodka 5000 m ee [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]]. Bishii Oktoobar ee sannadkaas wuxuu galay labo iyo tobnaad [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Nus Marathon ee IAAF]], isagoo dalkiisa ka caawiyay kaalinta afaraad ee darajada kooxaha.<ref name=IAAFBio/> ​===Ka soo muuqashadiisii Olombikada=== Goumri wuxuu hal kaalin horumaray isagoo galay 14-aad orodka dheer ee [[2004 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], laakiin reer Morocco waxaa kaalinta afaraad kaga guuleystay kooxda Eritrea.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2004/eventCode=3227/results/sex=M/discCode=XS/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det 2004 World XC - Men's Long Race Team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023101423/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2004/eventCode=3227/results/sex=M/discCode=XS/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det |date=2012-10-23 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Orodka garoonka ayaa noqday diiraddiisa sannadkaas wuxuuna markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday Olombikada bishii Agoosto, isagoo gaaray finalka 5000 m ee [[2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee Athens]] uuna ku dhammeystay orodka kaalinta 13-aad. Wuxuu ahaa sagaalaad [[2004 IAAF World Athletics Final]],<ref name=IAAFBio/> laakiin wuxuu billad ka helay heer gobol isagoo qaatay qalinka ka dambeeyay [[Khoudir Aggoune]] ee [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2004 Ciyaaraha Pan Arab|Ciyaaraha Pan Arab]].<ref>[http://tunisathle.voila.net/Evenements/JeuxPanarabes/JPanarab2004Alger.pdf 10e Jeux PANARABES]{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. [[Fédération Tunisienne d'Athlétisme]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Isagoo galay siddeed iyo tobnaad orodka gaaban ee [[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], isaga iyo saaxiibbadiis [[Adil Kaouch]], [[Mohamed Moustaoui]] iyo [[Hicham Bellani]] ayaa mar kale noqday kaalinta afaraad ee ugu wanaagsan (waxaa markan ka guuleystay Qatar).<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2005/eventCode=3363/results/sex=M/discCode=XC/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det 2005 World XC - Men's Short Race Team] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315210151/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season%3D2005/eventCode%3D3363/results/sex%3DM/discCode%3DXC/combCode%3Dhash/roundCode%3Df/team.html |date=March 15, 2011 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Wuxuu dhigay natiijadiisii ugu wanaagsaneyd ee 10,000 m bishii May, isagoo orday waqti ah 27:02.62 daqiiqo, wuxuuna galay siddeedaad finalka dhacdadaas ee [[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalkii Adduunka]] ee sannadkaas. Wuxuu dhigay natiijo kale oo shaqadiisa u wanaagsan ee garoonka dhexdiisa tartankii [[Memorial van Damme]] bishii Agoosto waqti ah 12:50.25 daqiiqo ee 5000 m – calaamad ka dhigtay kow iyo tobnaad liiska abid ugu wanaagsan isagoo ka dambeeyay [[Hicham El Guerrouj]].<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=o/age=n/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=5000/detail.html 5000 Metres All Time]. [[IAAF]] (2010-09-04). Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaabkan looma beddelin 3000 m, kaas oo uu ku orday [[2004 IAAF World Athletics Final|2005 IAAF World Athletics Final]] uuna galay oo kaliya tobnaad guud ahaan.<ref name=IAAFBio/> [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie|2005 Jeux de la Francophonie]] wuxuu ahaa tartankiisii ugu dambeeyay ee sannadka wuxuuna doortay 10,000 m, isagoo xaqiijiyay qalin ka dambeeyay orodyahanka reer Rwanda ee [[Dieudonné Disi]].<ref>[http://bases.athle.com/asp.net/liste.aspx?frmbase=resultats&frmmode=1&frmespace=0&frmcompetition=008936 2005 Francophonie Games Results] {{Wayback|url=http://bases.athle.com/asp.net/liste.aspx?frmbase=resultats&frmmode=1&frmespace=0&frmcompetition=008936 |date=20180917222500 }}. Athlé. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Sannadkii 2006 wuxuu ahaa sannadkiisii ugu dambeeyay ee uu ku ordo garoonka, laakiin wuxuu dhigay natiijada ugu fiican ee gudaha ee 5000 m (13:29.55) gudaha Stockholm bishii Febraayo. Wuxuu sii watay guulaha uu ka gaaray [[2006 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]] isagoo galay kow iyo tobnaad orodka dheer, isagoo orodka ku dhammeystay orodyahankii ugu horreeyay ee aan ka soo jeedin Bariga Afrika.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2006/eventCode=3484/results/sex=M/discCode=XS/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/results.html#det 2006 World XC - Men's Long Race] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222045221/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season%3D2006/eventCode%3D3484/results/sex%3DM/discCode%3DXS/combCode%3Dhash/roundCode%3Df/results.html |date=February 22, 2011 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Wuxuu bilaabay inuu u gudbo [[Orodka waddada|orodka waddada]] dhammaadkii sannadka wuxuu guul ka gaaray tartanka [[BOclassic]] 10 km.<ref>Civai, Franco & Gasparovic, Juraj (2011-01-03). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_BoC10.htm Corsa Internazionale di San Silvestro]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​ ===U gudubka marathon-ka=== [[File:Goumri 2010 NYC Marathon.jpg|thumb|Goumri oo ordaya jooga [[2010 New York City Marathon]]]] In kasta oo ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in Goumri uu galay 21-aad [[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], haddana bandhig kooxeed oo xooggan (oo ay ku jiraan [[Anis Selmouni]] iyo [[Ahmed Baday]]) ayaa u keenay billadiisii ugu horreysay ee qalin ah ee kooxda ee dhacdadaas.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2007/eventCode=3651/results/sex=M/discCode=XSE/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det 2007 World XC - Men's Senior Race Team] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305152301/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season%3D2007/eventCode%3D3651/results/sex%3DM/discCode%3DXSE/combCode%3Dhash/roundCode%3Df/team.html |date=March 5, 2011 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Goumri wuxuu si guul leh ugu soo laabtay tartanka [[Marathon|marathon-ka]] (kiisii ugu horreeyay tan iyo 1997) tartankii 2007 [[London Marathon]], isagoo galay kaalinta labaad waqti ah 2:07:44, saddex ilbiriqsi oo qura ka dambeeyay [[Martin Lel]].<ref>Downes, Steven (2008-04-22). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=38412.html Zhou demolishes and Lel out-sprints rivals in the heat of London]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Wuxuu ku takhasusay orodkiisa cusub [[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]], laakiin kuma guuleysan inuu dhammeystiro orodka.<ref name=IAAFBio/> Goumri wuxuu doonayay inuu ka soo kabsado bandhiggaas isagoo iska diiwaangeliyay [[New York City Marathon]]. Sida London oo kale, orodku wuxuu noqday dagaal u dhexeeya Lel iyo orodyahanka reer Morocco, taariikhduna way soo noqotay markii orodyahanka reer Kenya uu horay u cararay si uu u guuleysto halka Goumri uu ku qancay kaalinta labaad (isagoo diiwaangeliyay waqti ah 2:09:16).<ref>Dunaway, James (2007-11-04). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/newsid=42262.html Radcliffe and Lel pull off stunning victories in New York]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Orod aad u dheereeya oo ka dhacay London Marathon 2008, Goumri wuxuu orodka ku dhammeystay kaalinta saddexaad laakiin weli wuxuu dhigay [[Rikoorka Morocco ee ciyaaraha fudud|rikoorka qaran ee Morocco]] oo ahaa 2:05:30 si uu u noqdo orodyahankii lixaad ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badnaa abid masaafadaas. Wuxuu orday [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga|2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee Beijing]] laakiin mar kale wuxuu ku dhibtooday heerka horyaalnimada, isagoo orodka ku dhammeystay kaalinta 20-aad ku dhowaad toban daqiiqo ka dambeeyay natiijadiisii ugu wanaagsaneyd.<ref name=WMM>[http://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/US/athletes/athlete/122/ Abderrahim Goumri] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/US/athletes/athlete/122/ |date=20110423034950 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423034950/http://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/US/athletes/athlete/122/ |date=April 23, 2011 }}. [[World Marathon Majors]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> New York waxay mar kale u noqotay goob uu isku soo furto, in kasta oo uu orodka ka xukumi jiray dhanka hore marxaladihii dambe, haddana wuxuu ku daciifay qaybtii u dambaysay wuxuuna u oggolaaday [[Marilson Gomes Dos Santos]] inuu kaga guuleysto kaalinta labaad.<ref>Dunaway, James (2008-11-02). [http://www.iaaf.org/lrr08/news/newsid=48186.html Radcliffe retains her title, Gomes dos Santos regains his - New York Marathon report]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​London Marathon 2009, wuxuu ahaa lixaad wax horumar ahna lagama helin [[2009 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]], halkaas oo uu mar kale kaga haray orodka.<ref>[http://berlin.iaaf.org/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=MAR/combCode=hash/timetable.html Marathon results] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090906030459/http://berlin.iaaf.org/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=MAR/combCode=hash/timetable.html Archived] 2009-09-08). [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Wuxuu orod dhexdhexaad ah ka sameeyay 2009 [[Chicago Marathon]] go'aankiisii ahaa inuu iska indhatiro xawaaraha furitaanka ee dheereeyayna wuxuu u keenay natiijo, isagoo ka sara maray dhammaan marka laga reebo [[Samuel Wanjiru]] uuna diiwaangeliyay natiijadiisii labaad ee ugu wanaagsaneyd abid oo ahayd 2:06:04.<ref name=WMM/><ref>[http://marathoninfo.free.fr/athletes/maroc/goumri.htm Goumri, Abderrahim]. Marathon Info. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Goumri wuxuu kaalinta saddexaad ka galay [[Philadelphia Half Marathon]] bishii Sebtembar 2010.<ref>Larkin, Duncan (2010-09-20). [http://www.iaaf.org/WHM10/news/kind=100/newsid=58358.html Defar clocks 1:07:44 in Half Marathon debut in Philadelphia]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2010-09-20.</ref> Laba bilood ka dib wuxuu orday [[2010 New York City Marathon]] uuna galay kaalinta afaraad, isagoo toban ilbiriqsi ka dambeeyay kaalinta saddexaad oo uu galay [[Moses Kigen Kipkosgei]].<ref>Dunaway, James (2010-11-07). [http://www.iaaf.org/LRR10/news/newsid=58674.html Gebremariam and Kiplagat cruise to New York victories]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Wuxuu sannadkii 2011 ku bilaabay orodkiisii ugu horreeyay ee [[Asia]] tartanka [[Seoul International Marathon]] bishii Maarso wuxuuna ka guuleystay horyaalkii difaacanayay ee [[Sylvester Teimet]] si uu ugu guuleysto orodka waqti ah 2:09:11 saacadood.<ref>Jalava, Mirko (2011-03-20). [http://www.iaaf.org/LRR11/news/newsid=59565.html Goumri and Guta take victories in Seoul]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​==Geerida== Abderrahim Goumri wuxuu dhintay 19-kii Janaayo 2013 shil baabuur oo ka dhacay Temara, Morocco, isagoo ku sii jeeda Rabat. Wuxuu ahaa 36 sano jir.<ref name="moroccoworldnews">{{cite web|title=Moroccan Marathon runner Abderrahim Goumri dies in a car accident|url=http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2013/01/74407/moroccan-marathon-runner-abderrahim-goumri-dies-in-a-car-accident/|publisher=moroccoworldnews.com|access-date=27 April 2014|date=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ar:وفاة العدّاء المغربي الغومري في حادث سير|url=http://ww1.aljazeerasport.net/news/others/2013/01/201311918511574557.html|publisher=aljazeerasport.net|access-date=27 April 2014|language=ar|date=19 Janaayo 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427184752/http://ww1.aljazeerasport.net/news/others/2013/01/201311918511574557.html|archive-date=27 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Łudzik|first=Piotr|title=Abderrahim Goumri nie żyje|url=http://www.bieganie.pl/?show=1&cat=11&id=4736|publisher=bieganie.pl|access-date=27 April 2014|language=pl|date=20 Janaayo 2013|archive-date=27 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427211959/http://www.bieganie.pl/?show=1&cat=11&id=4736|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​ ==Guulaha== {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Meteleysa {{MAR}} |- |rowspan=2|2001 |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Ottawa]], Canada |bgcolor=silver|2aad |5000 m |- |[[2001 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Edmonton]], Canada |16aad |[[2001 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – 10,000 mitir ee ragga|10,000 m]] | |- |rowspan=3|2002 |rowspan=2|[[2002 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Dublin]], Ireland | 7aad |Orodka dheer | |- |bgcolor="cc9966"| 3aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2002 Horyaalka Afrika ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Afrika]] |[[Radès]], [[Tunisia]] |4aad |10,000 m | |- |rowspan=7|2003 |rowspan=4|[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=4|[[Lausanne]], Switzerland | 10aad |Orodka gaaban | |- |bgcolor="cc9966"| 3aad |Kooxda | |- | 15aad |Orodka dheer | |- |bgcolor="cc9966"| 3aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha]] |[[Birmingham]], [[England]] |9aad |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha ee IAAF – 3000 mitir ee ragga|3000 m]] | |- |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Paris]], France |10aad |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – 5000 mitir ee ragga|5000 m]] | |- |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Nus Marathon ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Nus Marathon]] |[[Vilamoura]], [[Portugal]] |12aad |Nus marathon | |- |rowspan=5|2004 |rowspan=2|[[2004 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Brussels]], Belgium |14aad |Orodka dheer | |- |4aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga|Ciyaaraha Olombikada]] |[[Athens]], [[Greece]] |13aad |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga – 5000 mitir ee ragga|5000 m]] | |- |[[2004 IAAF World Athletics Final|World Athletics Final]] |[[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]] |9aad |5000 m | |- |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2004 Ciyaaraha Pan Arab|Ciyaaraha Pan Arab]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2aad |5000 m | |- |rowspan=5|2005 |rowspan=2|[[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Saint-Étienne]], France |18aad |Orodka gaaban | |- |4aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Helsinki, Finland]] |8aad |[[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud - 10,000 mitir ee ragga|10,000 m]] | |- |[[2005 IAAF World Athletics Final|World Athletics Final]] |[[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]] |10aad |3000 m | |- |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Niamey]], Niger |bgcolor=silver|2aad |10,000 m | |- |rowspan=2|2006 |rowspan=2|[[2006 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], Japan |11aad |Orodka dheer | |- |4aad |Kooxda | |- |rowspan=3|2007 |rowspan=2|[[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]] |21aad |Orodka weyn | |- |bgcolor="silver"| 2aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Osaka, Japan]] |— |Marathon |[[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – Marathon-ka ragga|DNF]] |- |2008 |[[2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga|Ciyaaraha Olombikada]] |[[Beijing]], China |20aad |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga – Marathon-ka ragga|Marathon]] | |- |rowspan=2|2009 |[[2009 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Berlin]], Germany |— |Marathon |[[2009 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – Marathon-ka ragga|DNF]] |- |[[Chicago Marathon]] |[[Chicago]], United States |bgcolor="silver" | 2aad |Marathon |2:06:04 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/1819753,CST-SPT-mara12.article |title=Wanjiru in grand old time |access-date=2009-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014221501/http://www.suntimes.com/sports/1819753,CST-SPT-mara12.article |archive-date=2009-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ​ ===Natiijooyinka ugu wanaagsan=== *[[1500 mitir]] – 3:39.80 min (1998) *[[3000 mitir]] – 7:32.36 min (2001) *[[5000 mitir]] – 12:50.25 min (2005) *[[10,000 mitir]] – 27:02.62 min (2005) *[[Nus Marathon]] – 1:01:19 hrs (2001) *[[Marathon (sport)|Marathon]] – 2:05:30 hrs (2008; rikoorkii hore ee Morocco) ​ == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|2}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Goumri, Abderrahim}} dwlj8csg7n2li30swxz3ni545ei67uo 0 47426 297495 296550 2026-05-16T23:56:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Aïssa Mandi |image = Mandi asselosc 2425 (cropped).jpg |image_size = |caption = Mandi iyo kooxda [[Lille OSC|Lille]] sanadkii 2024 |full_name = Aïssa Mandi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/document/fwc/2014/pdf/fwc_2014_squadlists.pdf |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: List of players: Algeria |publisher=FIFA |page=1 |date=14 July 2014 |access-date=11 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404045541/https://www.fifadata.com/document/fwc/2014/pdf/fwc_2014_squadlists.pdf |archive-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|10|22|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Châlons-en-Champagne]], Faransiiska |height = 1.84 m<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.realbetisbalompie.es/primer-equipo/jugador/a-mandi-98126 |title=Betis profile |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416100535/https://www.realbetisbalompie.es/primer-equipo/jugador/a-mandi-98126 |url-status=live }}</ref> |position = [[Difaaca dhexe]] |currentclub = [[Lille OSC|Lille]] |clubnumber = 2 |youthyears1 = 2000–2009 |youthclubs1 = [[Stade de Reims|Reims]] |years1 = 2009–2016 |clubs1 = [[Stade de Reims|Reims]] |caps1 = 161 |goals1 = 14 |years2 = 2016–2021 |clubs2 = [[Real Betis]] |caps2 = 152 |goals2 = 7 |years3 = 2021–2024 |clubs3 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |caps3 = 54 |goals3 = 2 |years4 = 2024– |clubs4 = [[Lille OSC|Lille]] |caps4 = 47 |goals4 = 1 |nationalyears1 = 2014– |nationalteam1 = [[Algeria national football team|Aljeeriya]] |nationalcaps1 = 116 |nationalgoals1 = 7 |medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Ragga [[kubbadda cagta]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|ALG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Koobka Qaramada Afrika]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2019 Africa Cup of Nations|2019 Masar]]|}} |pcupdate = 4 Abriil 2026 |ntupdate = 31 Maarso 2026 }} '''Aïssa Mandi''' ({{langx|ar|عيسى ماندي}}; dhashay 22 Oktoobar 1991) waa [[kubbadda cagta|ciyaaryahan]] xirfadle ah oo u ciyaara kooxda [[Ligue 1]] ee [[Lille OSC|Lille]]. Isagoo ku dhashay Faransiiska, wuxuu u ciyaaraa [[Xulka qaranka kubbadda cagta Aljeeriya|xulka qaranka Aljeeriya]].<ref>[http://sevilla.eldesmarque.com/real-betis/83443-asi-juega-aissa-mandi Así juega Aïssa Mandi] {{Wayback|url=http://sevilla.eldesmarque.com/real-betis/83443-asi-juega-aissa-mandi |date=20161105211408 }}‚ sevilla.eldesmarque.com, 29 June 2016</ref> Inta badan waa [[difaaca dhexe]], laakiin wuxuu sidoo kale u ciyaari karaa [[difaaca midig]]. Mandi wuxuu saftay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay ee caalami ah ee Aljeeriya bishii Maarso 2014, tan iyo markaas wuxuu saftay 115 kulan, isagoo noqday ciyaaryahanka ugu safashada badan taariikhda Aljeeriya. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa xulkii Aljeeriya ee [[Koobka Adduunka 2014]] ee Brazil, iyo sidoo kale [[Koobka Qaramada Afrika]] ee sanadihii [[2015 Africa Cup of Nations|2015]], [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations|2017]], [[2019 Africa Cup of Nations|2019]], [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations|2021]], [[2023 Africa Cup of Nations|2023]] iyo [[2025 Africa Cup of Nations|2025]], isagoo ku guuleystay tartankii 2019. ==Shaqada kooxda== ===Reims=== Mandi wuxuu bilaabay inuu kubbadda cagta ku ciyaaro da'da 8 jir isagoo jooga [[Stade de Reims|Reims]]. 20-kii Agoosto 2010, wuxuu saftay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay ee xirfadnimo isagoo ku soo bilaabay kooxda ciyaar [[Ligue 2]] ah oo ay la lahaayeen [[Le Havre AC|Le Havre]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuille_match/54049 |title=LFP.fr - Ligue de Football Professionnel - Ligue 2 - Saison 2010/2011 - 4ème journée - Havre AC / Stade de Reims |access-date=11 August 2011 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305041155/http://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuille_match/54049 |url-status=live }}</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[2011–12 Ligue 2|xilli ciyaareedkii 2011–12]], Mandi wuxuu saftay 26 kulan iyadoo Reims ay kor ugu soo kacday Ligue 1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ligue2.fr/joueur?id=aissa-mandi|title=Aissa Mandi|access-date=13 January 2024|website=Ligue 2|archive-date=13 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113051912/https://www.ligue2.fr/joueur?id=aissa-mandi|url-status=live}}</ref> 5-tii Abriil 2014, Mandi wuxuu laba gool iska dhaliyay ciyaar ay la lahaayeen [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Paris St-Germain 3-0 Reims|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/26886003|access-date=26 June 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=5 April 2014|archive-date=10 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910123615/http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/26886003|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Real Betis=== 30-kii Juun 2016, Mandi wuxuu heshiis shan sano ah la saxiixday kooxda [[La Liga]] ee [[Real Betis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/7083/el-real-betis-ficha-aissa-mandi-para-las-proximas-|title=Real Betis signs Aïssa Mandi for the next five seasons|publisher=Real Betis|date=30 June 2016|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817090853/http://realbetisbalompie.es/en/noticias/last-news/7083/el-real-betis-ficha-aissa-mandi-para-las-proximas-|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Villarreal=== 16-kii Juun 2021, Mandi wuxuu qandaraas afar sano ah la saxiixday kooxda kale ee La Liga ee [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]], ka dib markii uu dhacay qandaraaskiisii Betis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://villarrealcf.es/en/news/item/30942-welcome-aissa-mandi|title=Welcome, Aïssa Mandi!|publisher=Villarreal CF|date=16 June 2021|accessdate=31 July 2021|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002164749/https://villarrealcf.es/en/news/item/30942-welcome-aissa-mandi|url-status=live}}</ref> 11-kii Agoosto 2021, Mandi wuxuu saftay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay ee Villarreal isagoo ka hor yimid [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] tartanka [[2021 UEFA Super Cup]], halkaas oo uu ka lumiyay rigoore markii lagu jiray rigoore ku mastaafurinta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=UEFA Super Cup: Chelsea add Super Cup crown to Champions League trophy|url=https://zeenews.india.com/football/uefa-super-cup-chelsea-add-super-cup-crown-to-champions-league-trophy-2384077.html|access-date=30 August 2021|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830041110/https://zeenews.india.com/football/uefa-super-cup-chelsea-add-super-cup-crown-to-champions-league-trophy-2384077.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Lille=== 1-dii Agoosto 2024, Mandi wuxuu ku laabtay Faransiiska, isagoo laba sano u saxiixay kooxda [[Lille OSC|Lille]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.losc.fr/actualites/2024-08-01/arrivee-aissa-mandi|title=L'expérience en défense: Aïssa Mandi est un Dogue!|date=1 August 2024|access-date=1 August 2024|publisher=Lille OSC|language=fr}}</ref> ==Shaqada caalamiga ah== In kasta oo uu u ciyaari karay [[Xulka qaranka kubbadda cagta Faransiiska|Faransiiska]], Mandi wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u ciyaaro [[Xulka qaranka kubbadda cagta Aljeeriya|Aljeeriya]] wuxuuna u saftay markii ugu horreysay 5-tii Maarso 2014 guul 2-0 ah oo ay ka gaareen [[Xulka qaranka kubbadda cagta Isloofiniya|Isloofiniya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/05/world/friendlies/algeria/slovenia/1625790/|title=Algeria vs. Slovenia|website=soccerway.com|publisher=Perform Group|date=5 March 2014|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203044720/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/03/05/world/friendlies/algeria/slovenia/1625790/|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah xiddigaha soo baxay ee xulka Aljeeriya intii lagu jiray [[Koobka Adduunka 2014]] ee Brazil. Mandi wuxuu goolkiisii ugu horreeyay u dhaliyay Aljeeriya ciyaar barbaro 3-3 ah ay la galeen [[Xulka qaranka kubbadda cagta Itoobiya|Itoobiya]] intii lagu jiray [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group J|isreeb-reebka]] [[Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2017]] ee [[Gabon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35918933|title=Afcon 2017: Ethiopia stop Algeria from qualifying|website=BBC Sport|date=29 March 2016|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610100402/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35918933|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Diseembar 2023, waxaa loogu yeeray xulka Aljeeriya ee [[Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2023]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.algerie-focus.com/can-2024-lalgerie-devoile-sa-liste-officielle-qui-sont-les-fennecs-prets-a-conquerir-lafrique/|title=CAN 2024 : L'Algérie Dévoile sa Liste Officielle – Qui Sont les Fennecs Prêts à Conquérir l'Afrique ?|language=French|date=30 December 2023|access-date=12 January 2024|publisher=Algérie-Focus|archive-date=12 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112153617/https://www.algerie-focus.com/can-2024-lalgerie-devoile-sa-liste-officielle-qui-sont-les-fennecs-prets-a-conquerir-lafrique/|url-status=live}}</ref> 10-kii Oktoobar 2024, wuxuu saftay kulankiisii 100-aad ee caalami ah guul 5-1 ah ay ka gaareen [[Xulka qaranka kubbadda cagta Toogo|Toogo]] intii lagu jiray isreeb-reebka AFCON 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/le-sans-faute-se-poursuit-pour-la-100e-daissa-mandi-losc-avec-lalgerie-40155204 |title=Le sans-faute se poursuit pour la 100e d'Aïssa Mandi (LOSC) avec l'Algérie |publisher=OneFootball |language=fr |date=11 October 2024 }}</ref> 6-dii Jannaayo 2026, intii lagu jiray tartanka [[Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2025|AFCON]], Mandi iyo [[Riyad Mahrez]] waxay safteen kulankoodii 23-aad ee AFCON ee Aljeeriya, iyagoo jabiyay rikoorkii 34-ka sano ahaa ee [[Rabah Madjer]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://foot-africa.com/en/news/mahrez-and-mandi-break-rabah-madjers-record-at-afcon-1033034/|title=Mahrez and Mandi break Rabah Madjer's record at AFCON|last=Rek|first=Mohamed|date=7 January 2026|website=Foot Africa}}</ref> ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Mandi wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada [[Châlons-en-Champagne]] ee waqooyiga Faransiiska, waalidkiis waxay ka soo jeedaan [[Aljeeriya]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Chlef]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=2099&saison_id=17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915234948/http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=2099&saison_id=17|url-status=dead|title=MANDI Aissa|archivedate=15 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lebuteur.com/en/actualites/mandi-je-veux-jouer-pour-lequipe-dalgerie |title=Mandi: "Je veux jouer pour l'équipe d'Algérie" |date=2 April 2012 |access-date=12 August 2012 |language=fr |publisher=Le Buteur |author=Youcef K |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711160434/http://www.lebuteur.com/en/actualites/mandi-je-veux-jouer-pour-lequipe-dalgerie |archive-date=11 July 2012 }}</ref> ==Tirokoobka shaqada== === Kooxda === {{updated|ciyaartii la ciyaaray 4 Abriil 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Safashada iyo goolasha kooxda, xilli ciyaareedka iyo tartanka !rowspan="2"|Kooxda !rowspan="2"|Xilli ciyaareedka !colspan="3"|Horyaalka !colspan="2"|Koobka qaranka{{efn|Wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Coupe de France]], [[Copa del Rey]]}} !colspan="2"|Koobka horyaalka{{efn|Wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}} !colspan="2"|Yurub !colspan="2"|Kale !colspan="2"|Warta guud |- !Heerka!!Apps!!Gools!!Apps!!Gools!!Apps!!Gools!!Apps!!Gools!!Apps!!Gools!!Apps!!Gools |- |rowspan="8"|[[Stade de Reims|Reims]] |[[2009–10 Championnat National|2009–10]] |[[Championnat National]] |1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0 |- |[[2010–11 Ligue 2|2010–11]] |rowspan="2"|Ligue 2 |8||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||0 |- |[[2011–12 Ligue 2|2011–12]] |26||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||27||1 |- |[[2012–13 Ligue 1|2012–13]] |rowspan="4"|[[Ligue 1]] |29||2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||30||2 |- |[[2013–14 Ligue 1|2013–14]] |33||0||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||0 |- |[[2014–15 Stade de Reims season|2014–15]] |32||6||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||33||6 |- |[[2015–16 Stade de Reims season|2015–16]] |32||5||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||33||5 |- !colspan="2"|Warta guud !161!!14!!4!!0!!5!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!170!!14 |- |rowspan="6"|[[Real Betis]] |[[2016–17 Real Betis season|2016–17]] |rowspan="5"|[[La Liga]] |26||2||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||28||2 |- |[[2017–18 Real Betis season|2017–18]] |34||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||35||1 |- |[[2018–19 Real Betis season|2018–19]] |35||1||7||1||colspan="2"|—||6{{efn|Safashada [[UEFA Europa League]]|name=UEL}}||0||colspan="2"|—||48||2 |- |[[2019–20 Real Betis season|2019–20]] |29||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||30||0 |- |[[2020–21 Real Betis season|2020–21]] |28||3||4||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||32||3 |- !colspan="2"|Warta guud !152!!7!!15!!1!!0!!0!!6!!0!!0!!0!!173!!8 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |[[2021–22 Villarreal CF season|2021–22]] |rowspan="3"|La Liga |17||1||2||1||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|Safashada [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|Safashada [[UEFA Super Cup]]}}||0||22||2 |- |[[2022–23 Villarreal CF season|2022–23]] |21||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||10{{efn|Safashada [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||35||0 |- |[[2023–24 Villarreal CF season|2023–24]] |16||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||5{{efn|name=UEL}}||0||colspan="2"|—||22||1 |- !colspan="2"|Warta guud !54!!2!!7!!1!!0!!0!!17!!0!!1!!0!!79!!3 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Lille OSC|Lille]] |[[2024–25 Lille OSC season|2024–25]] |rowspan="2"|Ligue 1 |24||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||colspan="2"|—||31||0 |- |[[2025–26 Lille OSC season|2025–26]] |23||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||11{{efn|name=UEL}}||0||colspan="2"|—||34||1 |- !colspan="2"|Warta guud !47!!1!!1!!0!!0!!0!!17!!0!!0!!0!!65!!1 |- !colspan="3"|Warta guud ee shaqada !414!!24!!27!!1!!5!!0!!40!!0!!1!!0!!487!!26 |} {{notelist}} ===Caalami=== {{updated|ciyaartii la ciyaaray 31 Maarso 2026}}<ref name="nft">{{NFT|54728}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Safashada iyo goolasha xulka qaranka iyo sanadka !Xulka qaranka!!Sanadka!!Apps!!Gools |- |rowspan="13"|[[Algeria national football team|Aljeeriya]] |2014||10||0 |- |2015||11||0 |- |2016||4||1 |- |2017||11||0 |- |2018||6||0 |- |2019||13||0 |- |2020||4||0 |- |2021||9||2 |- |2022||12||1 |- |2023||8||0 |- |2024||14||2 |- |2025||12||1 |- |2026||3||0 |- !colspan="2"|Warta guud!!116!!7 |} :''Dhibcaha iyo natiijooyinka waxay marka hore muujinayaan goolasha Aljeeriya, tiirka dhibcuhu wuxuu muujinayaa dhibcaha ka dib gool kasta oo Mandi ah.''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/aissa-mandi/100878/|title=A. Mandi|website=Soccerway|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127161751/http://int.soccerway.com/players/aissa-mandi/100878/|url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Liiska goolasha caalamiga ah ee uu dhaliyay Aïssa Mandi !scope="col"|Lr. !scope="col"|Taariikhda !scope="col"|Garoonka !scope="col"|Kooxda ka hor timid !scope="col"|Dhibcaha !scope="col"|Natiijada !scope="col"|Tartanka |- | align="center"|1 || 29 Maarso 2016 || [[Garoonka Addis Ababa]], [[Addis Ababa]], Itoobiya || {{fb|ETH}} || align="center"|2–2 || align="center"|3–3 || [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group J|Isreeb-reebka Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2017]] |- | align="center"|2 || 29 Maarso 2021 || [[Garoonka Mustapha Tchaker]], [[Blida]], Aljeeriya || {{fb|BOT}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|5–0 || [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group H|Isreeb-reebka Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2021]] |- | align="center"|3 || 12 Oktoobar 2021 || [[Stade Général Seyni Kountché]], [[Niamey]], Nayjer || {{fb|NIG}} || align="center"|2–0 || align="center"|4–0 || [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|Isreeb-reebka Koobka Adduunka 2022]] |- | align="center"|4 || 4 Juun 2022 || [[Garoonka 5 Luulyo]], [[Algiers]], Aljeeriya || {{fb|UGA}} || align="center"|1–0 || align="center"|2–0 || [[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|Isreeb-reebka Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2023]] |- | align="center"|5 || 22 Maarso 2024 || [[Garoonka Nelson Mandela]], Algiers, Aljeeriya || {{fb|BOL}} || align="center"|3–2 || align="center"|3–2 || [[2024 FIFA Series]] |- | align="center"|6 || 17 Nofeembar 2024 || [[Garoonka Hocine Aït Ahmed]], [[Tizi Ouzou]], Aljeeriya || {{fb|LBR}} || align="center"|1–1 || align="center"|5–1 || [[2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group E|Isreeb-reebka Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2025]] |- | align="center"|7 || 25 Maarso 2025 || Garoonka Hocine Aït Ahmed, Tizi Ouzou, Aljeeriya || {{fb|MOZ}} || align="center"|2–0 || align="center"|5–1 || [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group G|Isreeb-reebka Koobka Adduunka 2026]] |} ==Sharaf== '''Aljeeriya''' * [[Koobka Qaramada Afrika]]: [[2019 Africa Cup of Nations|2019]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/49048899|title=Algeria hold on against Senegal to win Afcon|website=BBC Sport|date=19 July 2019|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208081027/https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/49048899|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska ciyaartoyda kubbadda cagta ee saftay 100 kulan ama ka badan]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} *[https://villarrealcf.es/en/player/mandi/ Aïssa Mandi] {{Wayback|url=https://villarrealcf.es/en/player/mandi/ |date=20260429200901 }} bogga Villarreal CF * {{BDFutbol|82607}} * {{UEFA player}} {{Navboxes | title = Xulalka Aljeeriya | bg = white | fg = #009921 | bordercolor = #009921 | list1 = {{Algeria squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{Algeria squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Algeria squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Algeria squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Algeria squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Algeria squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Algeria squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandi, Aissa}} [[Category:Dhalashada 1991]] [[Category:Dadka nool]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda ka timid Châlons-en-Champagne]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda ka timid Marne (waax)]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda kubbadda cagta ragga Aljeeriya]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda kubbadda cagta ragga Faransiiska]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Faransiiska ee asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Aljeeriya]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda caalamiga ah ee Aljeeriya]] [[Category:Difaacyada dhexe ee kubbadda cagta]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Koobka Adduunka 2014]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2015]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2017]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2019]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2021]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2023]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2025]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Ligue 1]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Ligue 2]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Championnat National]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Stade de Reims]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda La Liga]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Real Betis]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Villarreal CF]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Lille OSC]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda qurbajoogta Aljeeriya]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda qurbajoogta Faransiiska]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda qurbajoogta Aljeeriya ee jooga Spain]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda qurbajoogta Faransiiska ee jooga Spain]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda qurbajoogta ragga ee jooga Spain]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Faransiiska ee qarniga 21-aad]] [[Category:FIFA Men's Century Club]] [[Category:Ciyaartoyda Aljeeriya ee qarniga 21-aad]] [[Category:Muwaadiniinta Aljeeriya ee dhalashada lagu siiyay]] 8kitl6uquqebxl5y5lp7shvt2j1okpm