Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1909 297831 297798 2026-05-25T12:10:36Z Garyaqaan 29387 /* */ 297831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Qoraal dheer}} {{Infobox country |latd=9 |latm=33 |latNS=N |longd=44 |longm=03 |longEW=E |leader_name2 = Maxamed Cali Aw Cabdi |leader_name3 = Yaasiin Maxamed xiir faratoon |conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland</br>جَمْهورِيَدْدَ سومالِلَنْدْ |native_name = {{smaller|{{native name|en|Republic of Somaliland}}<ref>Name used in [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution/body_somaliland_constitution.htm#Heading The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland] and in [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf Somaliland Official Gazette]</ref><br />{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|<big>جمهورية صوماليلاند</big>}}|italic=no}}</big><br />{{smaller|''{{transl|ar|Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''}}}}<br/><ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.10.</ref> |image_flag = Flag of Somaliland.svg |image_coat = Emblem of Somaliland.svg |common_name = Somaliland |symbol_type = National emblem |national_motto = <br />{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|[[Shahaadah|<big>لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله</big>]]}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasūlu-llāhi''<br />{{small|"[[Shahadah|Ilaah ma jiro Alle mooye; Muxammed waa rasuulka Alle]]"}} |national_anthem = <br />{{lang|so|''[[Samo ku waar]]''}}<br />{{small|''Long life with peace''}}<br /><center> {{center|[[File:Samo ku waar - Anthem of Somaliland (Instrumental).ogg]]}} |image_map = Somaliland (orthographic projection).svg |capital = [[Hargeysa]] |largest_city = [[Hargeysa]] |Portka = [[Berbera]] |official_languages = [[Af Soomaali]] |demonym = Somalilander |government_type = Madaxweynenimo leh [[Dastuurka Somaliland|Dastuur Jamhuuriya]] |leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Abdirahman Mohamed Abdulahi Cirro]]}} |leader_title2 = [[madaxwayne kuxigeen]] |leader_title3 = Gudoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada |legislature = Baarlamaanka Somaliland |upper_house = Golaha Guurtida Somaliland|Golaha Guurtida |lower_house = Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland|Golaha Wakiilada |established_event1 = Ku dhawaaqdey |sovereignty_type = Dowlada |sovereignty_note = iyo Awooda |established_event2 = Aqoonsiga |established_date1 = May 18, 1991 |established_date2 = Dal aan la aqoonsanayn<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Issue 270, 28 March 2016 |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2006/270/3.shtml |access-date=26 July 2016 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321062435/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2006/270/3.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |area_km2 = 137600 |area_sq_mi = 53100<ref>[http://somalilandgov.com/somaliland-geography/ Somaliland Geography, 28 March 2016]</ref> |percent_water = |population_estimate = 6,200,000<ref>REPORTER, I. (2012, September 18). As Somalia Struggles, Can Neighboring Somaliland Become East Africa's Next Big Commercial Hub? Retrieved December 26, 2015, from http://www.ibtimes.com/somalia-struggles-can-neighboring-somaliland-become-east-africas-next-big-commercial-1407582">[http://www.ibtimes.com/somalia-struggles-can-neighboring-somaliland-become-east-africas-next-big-commercial-1407582 As Somalia Struggles, Can Neighboring Somaliland Become East Africa's Next Big Commercial Hub?, International Business Times, 2013]</ref> |population_census = |population_estimate_year = 2024 |population_estimate_rank = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 25 |population_density_rank = |population_density_sq_mi = 66 |GDP_PPP = $3.782 Billion<ref>World Bank. ''[http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/01/29/new-world-bank-gdp-and-poerty-estimates-for-somaliland New World Bank GDP and Poverty Estimates for Somaliland]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' January 29, 2015. Accessed February 14, 2015.</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2022 |GDP = 3.2 Billion Dollars |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $852 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |HDI = |HDI_year = |HDI_rank = |currency = [[Somaliland shilling]] |currency_code = SSH |time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |utc_offset_DST = +3 |time_zone_DST = not observed |date_format = d/m/yy (AD|Anno Domini) |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+252]] {{small|(Somalia)}} |iso3166code = |cctld = |footnote_a = Qiimeynta aheyn sida Somaliland waa [aqoonsi diblomaasiyadeed [|<nowiki> Somaliland State]].</nowiki> |footnote_b =Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |HDI_category = }} '''Soomaaliland''' ([[Af Ingiriis]]: ''Somaliland''; [[Af Carabi]]: صوماليلاند , {{lang|ar|أرض الصومال|rtl=yes}} ''{{transl|ar|Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''), si rasmi ah '''Soomaaliland''' ([[Af Ingiriis]]: ''Somaliland'', [[Af Carabi]]: صوماليلاند wuxuu xad la leedahay [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo maamulka [[Waqooyi Bari|Puntland]] [[Soomaaliya]]. Somaliland waa dhulkii [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Maxmiyada Ingiriis ee Somaliland ]] ee [[Ingiriis]] ku maamuli jiray . Waxay xornimadda ka qaatay Ingiriiska [[Juun]] [[26]] [[1960]]. 1 July 1960 kii waxay la midowday koonfurta Soomaaliya oo [[Talyaani|Talyaanigu]] guumeysan jiray.[[Magaalo|magaalada]] caasimada u ahi waa [[Hargaysa]]. [[Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur]] oo ahaan jirey Gudoomiyihii Ururkii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]], ayaa noqday madaxweynahii ugu horeeyay ee Somaliland. Waxaa ku xigey [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] noqdey Madaxweynihii Labaad ee Somaliland, waxaana ka danbeeyay [[Daahir Rayaale Kaahin]]. Kahina waxa ku xigay [[Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud (Siilaanyo)]]. Waxa ku xigay [[Muuse Biixi Cabdi]]. Waxa imika ah Madaxweynaha JSL Mudane Abdirahman Mohamed Abdulahi cirro Somaliland waxaa ka jira saddex xisbi siyaasadeed oo kala ah [[Kulmiye]], [[Wadani]] iyo KAAH. ==Taariikhda== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Taariikhda Somaliland]]'' Somaliland waa magac aad cusub marka la eego taariikhda uu maamulkan leeyahay somaliland waxaa horay loogu magacaabi jiray dhulkii uduga iyo cadarka iyo bukhuurka ama uduga waa sida ay u yaqaaneen masaaridii horee. halka giriigii hore ay u yaqaaneen dhulkii berbera waa halka uu kasoo jeedo magaca [[berbera]] xiligii muslimka amaba qarniyadii uu muslimku soo gaadhay somaliland waxa looyaqaanay dhulkii [[saylac]] ugu danbayntii xiligan aan joogno waxa lagu magacaabaa Somaliland. ===Wakhtiyadii Hore=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Laas Geel]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dhambalin]] iyo [[Dhaymoole]]'' Taariikhdii bilawga ahayd ee casri jaahiligii Somaliland waxay ku taal geeska Afrika, dhinaca Waqooyi galbeed waxa ka xigay deris la tahay dalka Jamhuuriyada Jabouti, galbeedna waxaa ka xiga Ethiopia, barina waxaa ka xiga somalia. Tirada dadka Somalilad waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 6,2 malyan. Baaxadda dhulka ay ku fadhido Somaliland waa 139,000 km½ Somaliland waxaa dhinaca waqooyiga ka xiga [[badda cas]] oo ku fadhida xeeb dhererkodu yahay 908 km½. Somaliland oo leh taariikh aad u balaadhan dadkuna aanu wada aqoon. Waxay kamid tahay meelihii ugu horeeyay ee ay ka hana qaaday ilbaxnimada adduunku. Dadka taariikhda ku xeel-dheeri waxay sheegeen in farraaciintii hore asalkoodu Somali kasoo jeedaan. Deganaana jireen dhulka xeebaha badda cas, taasoo markii danbana ay xidhiidh qoto dheer la lahaayeen Somaliland. Waxaana xaddaaradda Somaliland ku simantahay ilaa 7000 sanadood ciise hortii. ===Wakhtigii Diinta Islaamka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanadi Ifat]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanadii Cadal]]'' [[File:YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG|thumb|250px|Suldaanka reer Adal (midig) iyo ciidankiisa oo la dagaallamaya King Yagbea-Sion iyo raggiisa. Laga soo bilaabo Le livre des Merveilles, qarnigii 15aad.]] [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|250px|Burburka [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ee Saylac, Awdal.]] Markii diintu soo degtay qarnigii 7aad, geeska Afrika waxay noqotay meel aad u muhiima markii uu muslimay boqorkii Xabashida ee Nataashi. Waxaana xeebaha Somaliland ahaayeen meel istiraaji ah oo asxaabtii usoo xijrootay. Qarnigii 13naad waxaa culimadii carbeed ee dalka timid kadhiseen saldanad la odhan jiray Bebad oo ay xukumi jirtay boqortooyadii Walaashma. Waana markii koowaad inta taariikhda lagu hayo qabaa'ilkii Somalidu yeeshaan maamul dhexe. Somaliland waxaa ay kamid tahay bariga Afrika marka laga yimaado [[Itoobiya]] dalkii ugu horreyey ee ay ka hanaqaaday maamul dawladeed, inkastoo aan runta laga sheegin taariikhda dhab ah ee Somaliland haddana waxaan muran ku jirin in Somaliland qarnigii 15naad ay lahayd dawlad dunida laga ictiraafsanyahay gaar ahaana markii uu hoggaanka qabtay Immam Ahmed Qasali (Guray). Maamulkaas oo markii danbe la magac baxday dawladii Awdal. Xukumina jirtay inta u dhaxaysa xeebaha badda cas ilaa Herer. ===Saldanadihii hore ee casriga ahaa=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanada Isaaq|Saldanadii Isaaq]] iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]]'' [[File:Sultan Nur Map.png|thumb|250px|Khariidadda Jarmalka qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya [[Nuur Axmed Amaan|Suldaan Nuur]] Degaanka badhtamaha Somaliland]] [[File:Flag of British Somaliland (1952–1960).svg|250px|thumb|Calankii [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|British Somaliland]].]] Horraantii xilligii casriga ahaa, dowladihii kala dambeeyay ee Saldanadii Adal iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka hanaqaadaan Soomaaliya. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Isaaqa Saldanada iyo Habr Yunis Sultanate. Hawl-galkii ugu horreeyay ee dhexmara Soomaalida gobolka iyo Ingriiska wuxuu ahaa 1827 "Maqaallo Saaxiibtinimo iyo Ganacsi oo u dhexeeya Qabiilka Habar Awal iyo England. Tan waxaa xigay heshiis Ingiriis ah oo lala galay Badhasaabkii Saylac 1840. Ka dib hawlgal ayaa la bilaabay inta u dhaxaysa Ingiriiskii iyo odayaashii Habar Garxajis iyo Habar Toljaala ee reeraha Isaaqa 1855, sanad ka dib ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey "Qodobadii Nabadda iyo Saaxiibtinimada" ee u dhexeeyey Shirkadda Habar Awal iyo East India Company. kuna dhammaaday heshiisyadii rasmiga ahaa ee Ingiriisku la saxeexday wixii hadda ka dambeeya qabiilooyinkii 'British Somaliland', oo dhacay intii u dhexeysay 1884 iyo 1886 (heshiisyada waxaa lala saxeexday Habar Awal, Gadabursi, Habar Toljaala, Habar Garxajis, Esa, iyo beelaha Warsangali), kan waxay gogol xaar u ahayd Ingriisku inuu ka sameeyo maxmiyad goboleed loogu magac daray British Somaliland, Ingriiskuna wuxuu gaashaan u ahaa maxakamadda Cadan waxayna u maamushay sidii qayb ka mid ah Bri tish India ilaa 1898. British Somaliland ka dibna waxaa maamulayay Xafiiska Arimaha Dibada ilaa 1905, ka dibna Xafiiska Gumeysiga ===Maxmiyaddii British Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ololaha Somaliland]] iyo [[Ololaha Somaliland (1920)]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Duulaankii Talyaanigu ku qaaday British Somaliland]]'' [[File:Corriere Della Sera - 17 agosto 1940 - Offensiva in Africa - titolo.JPG|thumb|250px|Wargeyska Corriere della Sera ee ka soo baxa dalka [[Talyaaniga]] oo ka hadlaya bilowgii weerarkii British Somaliland.]] [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-8-37.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Duqeyn diyaaradeed oo lagu garaacay qalcado Dowladii [[Darawiish|Deraviish]] ah [[Taleex]]..]] [[File:Independence Day State of Somaliland.png|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Heshiisyada iyo isweydaarsiga Waraaqaha ee u dhexeeya Dawladda Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo Dawladda Somaliland oo ku lammaan Xoriyadda Somaliland.]] [[File:The Somaliland Protectorate Constitutional Conference, London.png|thumb|250px|Shirweynihii dastuurka maxmiyadda [[British Somaliland]], London, May 1960 kaas oo lagu go’aamiyey in 26 Juun ay noqoto maalinta Xorriyadda, sidaasna lagu saxeexay 12 May 1960. Waftiga Somaliland ka socday :- 1.Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal,2.Axmed Xaaji Ducaale, 3.Cali Garaad Jaamac iyo 4.Xaaji Ibraahim Nuur.Laga soo bilaabo Xafiiska Gumeysiga: Ian Macleod, D. B. Hall, H. C. F. Wilks (Xoghaye).]] Ololaha Somaliland, oo sidoo kale loogu magac daray Dagaalkii Dervish, wuxuu ahaa safarado milateri oo isdaba joog ah oo ka dhacay intii u dhaxeysay 1900 ilaa 1920 dhulka Khatumo ama dooxada Nugaal, oo ay iskaga hor yimaadeen Boqortooyadii Diiriye Guure iyo Amiirkiisa ee ahaa Sayid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (oo ururkooda lagu naanaysi jiray "Dervishes" ) ka dhan ah Ingiriiska. Ingiriiska waxaa ka caawiyey weeraradoodii Xabashi iyo Talyaani. Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka ([[1914]]–[[1918]]), Xasan wuxuu sidoo kale gargaar ka helay Ottomans, Jarmal iyo, in muddo ah, oo uu ka helay Imbaraadoor Iyasu V-kii Itoobiya. Colaadda ayaa dhammaatay markii Ingriiska uu si milatari u duqeeyey magaalo-madaxda Dervish-ka ee Taleex bishii Febraayo 1920-kii. Safarkii Shanaad ee ololihii Somaliland ee [[1920]]-kii wuxuu ahaa safarkii ugu dambeeyay ee Ingiriisku kaga soo horjeedo xoogaggii Dervish-ka ee Maxammed Cabdillaahi Xasan (oo had iyo goor Ingiriisku ugu yeedho "Mad Mullah" sharaf dhac), hoggaamiyaha diinta ee Ciid-Nugaal. In kasta oo dagaalkii ugu badnaa dhacay bishii Jannaayo ee sannadka, haddana ciidammada Ingiriisku waxay bilaabeen u diyaar garowga weerarkan horraantii Noofambar [[1919]]. Ciidammada Ingiriisku waxay ka koobnaayeen xubno ka tirsan Royal Air Force iyo Somaliland Camel Corps. Dagaal seddex usbuuc ah kadib, Dervishes-kii Xasan waa la jabiyay, taasoo keentay wax ku ool ah iska caabintii 20-ka sano ahayd. Qabsashadii Talyaanigu ee British Somaliland waxay ahayd olole milatari oo ka dhacay Bariga Afrika, kaas oo dhacay bishii Ogos 1940kii kaas oo dhex maray xoogaggii Talyaaniga iyo kuwii dhawr waddan oo Ingiriis iyo Barwaaqo-sooran ah. Socdaalkii Talyaanigu wuxuu qayb ka ahaa Ololihii Bariga Afrika. ===Dawladii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Somaliland 1960]]'' [[File:Somaliland_Flying_for_the_first_time_The_White_and_Blue_Somali_Flag_at_the_Independence_Celebrations_on_26_June_1960.jpg|thumb|250px|Somaliland oo markii ugu horeysay: Calanka Soomaaliya la taagay ee aha Caddaan iyo Buluugga ah ee Dabaal - degyadii [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida (Maamulka Somaliland)|Xorriyadda]] ee 26-kii Juun 1960 Ra'iisul-wasaaraha [[Maamulkii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlad-goboleedka Somaliland]] iyo [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|madaxweynihii labaad ee Somaliland]] [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal ayaa]] salaamay calanka.]] Bishii Meey 1960kii, dawladda Ingiriisku waxay sheegtay inay diyaar u tahay inay madax-bannaani siiso maxmiyaddii xilligaa ee British Somaliland, iyada oo ujeedkeedu ahaa in dhulku la midoobo maamulkii Talyaanigu xukumi jiray ee Somaliland ee hoos-tagi jiray Maamulkii Talyaaniga (Talyaanigii hore ee Somaliland) . Golaha Sharci Dejinta ee British Somaliland wuxuu qaraar ka soo saaray bishii Abriil 1960 oo ay ku codsanayeen madaxbannaanida iyo la midowga dhulka la aaminay ee Somaliland, kaas oo qorshuhu ahaa in ay madax-bannaanideeda hesho 1-dii Julaay ee sanadkaas. Golayaasha sharci dejinta ee labada deegaan ayaa isku raacay soo jeedintan ka dib shir wadajir ah oo ay ku yeesheen magaalada Muqdisho. 26-kii Juun 1960, Maxmiyaddii hore ee British Somaliland waxay muddo kooban qaadatay madax-bannaanida iyada oo ah Dawladdii Somaliland, iyada oo Territori-ka Somaliland la raacay shan maalmood ka dib. Intii lagu jiray muddadii koobnayd ee ay la soo noqotay madax-bannaanida, Qaranka Somaliland wuxuu ka kasbaday ictiraaf shan iyo soddon iyo shan dal oo madax-bannaan. Maalintii ku xigtay, 27kii Juun 1960kii, Golaha Sharci Dejinta ee dhowaan la qabtay waxay ansixiyeen sharci si rasmi ah ugu oggolaanaya midowga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Gobollada Amaanada ee Somaliland 1dii Luulyo 1960 ===Xoriyadii 1960 iyo wixii kadanbeeyay=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed]] iyo [[Soomaaliweyn]]'' Dawlada Ethiopia ayaa waxay qorshaynaysaa sidii ay u aqoon san lahayd somalailand. Bishii febraayo 1960kii ayaa wafdi uu hoggaaminaayo Alle ha u naxariistee [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] u anbaxaxeen dalka Ingiriiska, waxaana heshiis ay la soo galeen dawladdii ingiriiska in Somaliland xornimo buuxda lasiiyo. 26 Juun 1960kii bay markii maxmiyadii ingriiska ee Somaliland "British Somaliland protectorate" xornimadeeda ka qaateen dawladii Ingiriiska,sida aan la socono intii ka horraysay 01 Luulyo 1960kii Somaliland waxay ahayd dawlad gooniya (independent state). waxayna noqdeen dawlad madax bannaan oo la aqoonsan yahay ilaa 01 Luulyo 1960kii. Isla maalintaas Waxay ku beegnayd maalintii Koonfurta Soomaaliya (Italian somaliland) in ay ka baxaan nidaamka (Trusteeship) (Nidaamka Wakiilnimada Caalamiga ah) "Koonfurta Soomaaliya: Waxay ahayd Trust Territory oo Talyaanigu maamulayay (1950–60) iyadoo hoos imanaysa Qaramada Midoobay" Luulyo 1960: Soomaaliya (Koonfur) waxay ka baxday Trusteeship oo ay noqotay dal madaxbannaan. Isla maalintaas 1 Luulyo 1960 kii ayuu dhacay midowgii labada dal ee Somaliland iyo Somalia inkastoo midawgaas mad madaw badani ku jiro. Dad badanina waxay aaminsanyihiin in midowgaasi ahayn mid sharciya. Waxaana Aragtidiisi sii xoogaysatay markii qorayaal ajaanib ahi sameeyeen daraasado arinta cadaynaya. Sida "Professor Mario G. Losano (Mario Giovanni Losano)" Bishii Luulyo1961kii waxaa dadka reer Somaliland gaashaanka ku dhufteen oo cod aqliyad ah ku diideen distoorkii qeexayey ee lagu sharciyeynaayey israaca labada dal ee Somaliya iyo Somaliland. Laakiin nasiib darro dawladdii markaas jirtay oo reer Koonfureedka ahayd waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan maxsuulkii doorashadaas sababtoo maslaxad baan ugu jirin arrintan. Bishii december 1961 waxaa madaxdii ciidamada qalabka sida ee Somaliya isku dayeen inay dhigaan inqilaabkii dhicisoobay. Inqilaabkaasna waxay doonayeen inay kula soo noqdaan madaxbannaanidii luntay. 1967kii waxaa dalka ka noqday raysal wasaare Mohamed X.Ibrahim Cigaal. Halka uu madaxweynaha ka noqday Cabdirashid Cali sharmake. 15 Oktober 1969kii waxaa magaalada laascaanood lagu dilay madaxweynihii Jamhuuriyadda Somalida ee Cabdirashid Cali Sharmaake. === 1961 kacdoon ka reer Somaliland === ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[1961 kacdoon ka dhacay Soomaaliya]]'' Kacdoonkii 1961 ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa kacdoon aan guuleysan oo isku day afgambi ah oo ka dhacay waqooyiga Soomaaliya imikana ah Somaliland kaasoo dhacay bishii Diseembar [[1961]]. === Inqilaabkii 21 oktober iyo wixii kasoobaxay === Waxaana midnimadii 60kii guul darro ku dhamaatay markii 21 Oktober [[1969]]kii uu dalka ka dhacay inqilaab aan dhiig ku daadan ee ay dhigeen ciimada qalabka sidaa, waxaana talada la wareegay ciidamada oo uu hoggaaminaayo mujrimkii Gen. Mohamed Siyaad Barre. 10 januari 1970kii waxaa kelidii taliyihii Siyaad Barre sameeyey maxkamadii badbaada oo xukumi jirtay xukunka dilka si looga takhaluso dadka aan taageersanayn madaxweynaha. 21 Oktober 1970kii wuxuu Siyaad Barre ku dhawaaqay in Somaliya qaadatay nidaamka hantiwadaaga cilmiga ku dhisan. Taasoo rabay inuu ugu bedelo inqilaabkii hab ku salaysan dhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo ku salaysan aydhiyooliyadda hantiwadaaga. Waxaana loo ololeeyey wixii loogu magacdaray kacaankii hantiwadaaga Somaliyeed. Xagaagii 1972kii waxaa la sameeyey ciimadii guulwadayaasha oo ujeedadoodu ahayd inay cabudhiyaan oo xabsiga u taxaabaan dadka shacbiga ee lagu tuxmo inay kacaan diid yihiin. July 1972kii waxaa la dilay labadii Jenaraal ee Salaad Gabayle, iyo Mohamed aynaanshe oo ka tirsanaa saraakiishii inqilaabka dhigay. Salaad gabayle wuxuu ahaa madaxweyne ku xigeen. Waxaa lagu xukumay dil ka dib markii lagu eedeeyey inay maleegayeen shirqool ay xukunka kaga tuurayaan Siyaad Barre. Oktober 1972kii waxaa lagu dhaqaaqay in la qoro [[Af-soomaliga]] oo uu noqdo luqadda rasmiga ah ee dalka. 1972kii-1975kii waxaa la qaaday ololihii barashada qorista Somaliga oo markii danbana isu rogay olalihii horumarinta reer miyiga ee la rabay in dadku waxna qoraan waxna akhriyaan. 1975kii waxaa la sameeyey 15 gobol oo cusub oo lagu bedelayeey 8 gobol ee hore u jiray. Waxaana ay ka koobnaayeen 78 degmo. Somaliland oo ka koobnayd 3 gobol looma samayn gobolo iyo degmooyin cusub toona. 1975kii Siyaad Barre wuxuu shaqadii ka eryey 50 saraakiil sare iyo madax ah oo badankooda ka soo jeeda Somaliland, waxaana uu ku bedelay dadka uu ku tuhmaayey inay taageersanyihiin kacaanka oo u badnaa caa'iladiisa ah. M.s.bare wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inay raga iyo dumarku siman yihiin culimadii iyo dhalinyaradii kasoo horjeedsatayna laayay dhamaantood. 1977kii maamulkii siyaad Barre wuxuu weerar ku qaaday dalka Itoobiya, waxaana markii hore uu ku guulaystay dagaalkaas. Laakiin waxaa dagaalku dhamaaday markii ciidamo Ruush iyo Kuubaan ahi usoo gurmadeenItoobiya ee ay si toosa dagaalka usoo galeen. Waxaana ciidamadii Somaliya dibuga soo noqatay dhammaan dhulkii horuu qabsadeen. ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[SNM]]'' [[File:Exhumed skeletal remains of victims of the Isaaq genocide.jpg|thumb|250px|Haraaga la soo saaray ee dhibanayaashii xasuuqii Isaaq ee laga helay xabaal wadareed ku yaal magaalada Berbera, Somaliland.]] [[File:4z2.jpg|thumb|250px|Ilaa 90% magaalada Hargeysa (magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya) waxaa burburiyey dawladda Soomaaliya.]] Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Barre si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan. Barre wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii Barre waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo [[1991]]. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ===Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Ruined tank in Hargeisa, Somaliland.jpg|thumb|250px|Taangi M47 Patton oo ku burburay Somaliland.]] ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]]'' In kasta oo SNM markii la aasaasay ay lahayd dastuur midow, haddana waxay ugu dambayntii bilawday inay raadiso madax-bannaanida, iyada oo doonaysa inay ka go'do Soomaaliya inteeda kale. Intii uu hoggaaminayey Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur, maamulka maxalliga ah wuxuu ku dhawaaqay gobollada waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya madax-bannaanida shirkii ka dhacay magaalada Burco intii u dhaxeysay 27-kii Abriil 1991-kii illaa 15-kii May 1991. ===Ku dhawaaqidii Maxadbanaanida=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ku dhawaaqida Gooni isu taaga Somaliland]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saxeexida Baaqa Madaxbanaanida Somaliland]]'' [[File:Signatures-Somaliland-independece-.png|thumb|250px|5 May go'aankii shirkii weynaa ee Burco. Shirkii labaad ee qaran ee 18 May, Golaha Dhexe ee SNM oo taageero ka helaya kulan ay yeesheen odayaal matalayay beelaha waaweyn ee Gobollada Waqooyi, ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay dib ula soo noqoshada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland dhulkii Maxmiyaddii hore ee Ingiriiska ee Somaliland isla markaana la sameeyay. dowlad loogu magac daray ismaamul gobaleedka.]] 27 Jannayo 1991 ayaa ciidamadii SNM gacanta ku dhigeen dhamaan dalkii hore loo odhan jiray Somaliland. Dabadeedna madaxdii SNM waxay ka shaqeeyeen inay heshiiyeen oo beelihii walaalaha ee ay iska horkeentay dawladii hore ee Siyaad Barre. 18 Mey 1991 shirbeeleedkii ka dhacay magaalada Burco ayaa lagu go'aansaday lagagana dhawaaqay gooni isu taagga qaranimada Somaliland. ===Afti u qaadista dastuurka Somaliland 2001=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[2001 Afti u qaadista dastuurka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Somaliland Constitution Presidential Decree.jpg|thumb|250px|Digreeto madaxweyne oo uu ku ansaxinayo dastuurka Somaliland [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]].]] Bishii Ogast 2000, Dawladdii Madaxweyne Cigaal waxay kumanaan nuqul oo ka mid ah dastuurka la soo jeediyey u qaybiyey guud ahaan Somaliland si dadku u tixgeliyaan oo dib u eegis ugu sameeyaan. Hal qodob oo xasaasi ah oo ka mid ah 130ka qodob ee dastuurka u gaarka ah ayaa ansixin doona madax-bannaanida iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbannaanida ee Somaliland iyo kala-goynta kama dambaysta ah ee Soomaaliya, taasoo soo celinaysa madax-bannaanida qaran markii ugu horreysay tan iyo 1960. Dabayaaqadii bishii Maarso 2001, Madaxweyne Cigaal wuxuu cayimay maalinta aftida loo qaadayo Dastuurka May 31, 2001. Afti dastuurka ayaa laga qaaday Somaliland 31 May 2001. Aftida ayaa loo qaaday dastuurka qabyada ah ee xaqiijinaya madaxbanaanida Somaliland ee Soomaaliya. 99.9% ee codbixiyaasha xaqa u leh ayaa kaqaybqaatay aftida waxaana 97.1% kamid ah ay ucodeeyeen dastuurka. ==Juquraafiga== Somaliland waxay dhacdaa Geeska Afrika, taasi oo udhexaysa dhigaha 08°00' – 11°30' waqooyiga dhulbadhaha iyo loolasha 42°30' – 49°00' ee bariga [[Greenwich]]. Waxa dhinaca galbeed ka xiga wadanka [[Jabuuti]], dhinaca koonfureed wadanka [[Itoobiya]], iyo dhinaca bari oo ka xigto maamul-goboleedka [[Khaatumo]]. Somaliland waxay leedahay xeeb-badeed dhererkeedu le'eg yahay {{convert|740|km|mi|0}};viyo dhul baaxadeedu le'eg yahay {{convert|176120|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|title=Somalia|accessdate=31 May 2009|date=14 May 2009|work=[[World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=1 Bisha Todobaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Somaliland waxa ay dhul ahaan fidsantahay 137000 km laba jibbaaran dhulaka ay ka koobantahya jamhuuriyadani waxa uu u badanyahay dhul deegaana am waaba lawada daganyahay waxa uuleeyahay buuro iyo meelo banaan ah haddii lysidhaahdo taariikhda uu wadankani lereyahay iyo taariihda uu shacabkani leeyahayba ka sheekeeya waxay noqonaysaa mid aad u dheer. <gallery mode="packed" caption="Muuqaalka juquraafiga Somaliland"> File:Lamadayawaterfalls6.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Lamadaya]] waa biyo-dhacyo ku yaal buurta [[Cal Madow]]. File:Somalia (Somaliland)(168).jpg|upright|thumb|Baadiyaha Somaliland. File:Almadow Overview.JPG|upright|thumb|Muuqaalka Buuraha [[Cal Madow]] Buuraha, oo hoy u ah noocyo fara badan oo fara badan. File:Ceebaad island, Zeila Archipelago, Somaliland.jpg|[[Ceebaad|Jasiirada Ceebaad]], [[Jasiirada Sacadaddin]]. </gallery> ===Gobolada=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg [[Gobolada Somaliland]]'' Sanadkan 2020, Somaliland waxa ay ka kooban tahay 6 gobol, kuwaasi oo ugu weyn tahay gobolka [[sanaag]]. Gobolada somaliland intii u dhaxaysa 22 maarso ilaa 22 may, 2008, waxa uu madaxwaynihii horore ee [[Somaliland]] magacaabay gobolo cusub oo lagu daray goboladii hore ee lixda ahaa taas oo kadhigatay gobolada somaliland 13 gobol, gobolda cusub ee kuwii hore lagu daray waxa ay yihiin sidan. {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 align=center style="border:1px solid grey; border-collapse:collapse" |- ! bgcolor=lightgrey | # ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Gobol ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Magaalo Madax | bgcolor=white rowspan="14" | [[image: Somaliland regions.svg|380 px]] |- | 1 | [[Awdal]] | [[Boorama]] |- | 2 | [[Maroodi Jeex]] | [[Hargeysa]] |- | 3 | [[Saaxil]] | [[Berbera]] |- | 4 | [[Togdheer]] | [[Burco]] |- | 5 | [[Sool]] | [[Laascaanood]] |- | 6 | [[Sanaag]] | [[Ceerigaabo]] |- |} ===Magaalooyinka Waawayn=== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri: [[Magaalooyinka Somaliland]]'' <gallery> File:Borama2.jpg|[[Borama]] File: Hargeisa capital of Somaliland.jpg |[[Hargeysa]] File: Berbera, Somaliland.jpg|[[Berbera]] File: Laascaanood 2.jpg |[[Laascaanood]] </gallery> ===Cimiladda=== Somaliland waxay dhacdaa waqooyiga [[Dhulbadhe|dhulbadaha]]. Waa deegaan qalalan ([[Lamadegaan la mood]]), isku celceliska heerkulku yahay {{convert|25|to|35|C}} taasi oo hesha roob dhan {{convert|446|mm}} sanadkii.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://journeysbydesign.com/destinations/somaliland/when-to-go|title=SOMALILAND CLIMATE : when to visit|website=Jouneys by Design|language=en|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> Deegaanada Somaliland waxaa loo qeybiyaa sadex nooc oo kala ah: (1). [[Guban]]: dhul lamadegaan qalalan (2) [[Oogo]]: xooggag sare (3) [[Hawd]]: dhul daaqsiimeed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somaliland in Figures|url=http://slministryofplanning.org/images/Statistics/SomalilandInfigures2015.pdf|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2020-06-20|archive-date=2017-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233801/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/Statistics/SomalilandInfigures2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = [[Hargeysa]] |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 31.1 |Feb record high C = 31.7 |Mar record high C = 32.8 |Apr record high C = 32.8 |May record high C = 35.0 |Jun record high C = 33.9 |Jul record high C = 33.9 |Aug record high C = 33.3 |Sep record high C = 32.8 |Oct record high C = 31.7 |Nov record high C = 30.6 |Dec record high C = 28.9 |year record high C = 35.0 |Jan high C = 24.2 |Feb high C = 26.6 |Mar high C = 28.7 |Apr high C = 29.2 |May high C = 30.5 |Jun high C = 31.0 |Jul high C = 29.2 |Aug high C = 29.2 |Sep high C = 30.5 |Oct high C = 28.2 |Nov high C = 26.0 |Dec high C = 23.7 |year high C = 28.1 |Jan mean C = 17.7 |Feb mean C = 18.7 |Mar mean C = 21.6 |Apr mean C = 23.0 |May mean C = 24.1 |Jun mean C = 24.3 |Jul mean C = 23.6 |Aug mean C = 23.6 |Sep mean C = 23.6 |Oct mean C = 24.1 |Nov mean C = 18.7 |Dec mean C = 18.0 |year mean C = 21.7 |Jan low C = 11.6 |Feb low C = 12.6 |Mar low C = 15.0 |Apr low C = 16.6 |May low C = 17.7 |Jun low C = 17.7 |Jul low C = 17.1 |Aug low C = 17.1 |Sep low C = 17.1 |Oct low C = 15.0 |Nov low C = 13.1 |Dec low C = 12.1 |year low C = 15.2 |Jan record low C = 2.8 |Feb record low C = 2.8 |Mar record low C = 3.9 |Apr record low C = 9.4 |May record low C = 11.7 |Jun record low C = 11.7 |Jul record low C = 10.5 |Aug record low C = 11.1 |Sep record low C = 11.1 |Oct record low C = 7.2 |Nov record low C = 4.4 |Dec record low C = 4.4 |year record low C = 2.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 2 |Feb precipitation mm = 2 |Mar precipitation mm = 36 |Apr precipitation mm = 53 |May precipitation mm = 49 |Jun precipitation mm = 61 |Jul precipitation mm = 38 |Aug precipitation mm = 81 |Sep precipitation mm = 61 |Oct precipitation mm = 20 |Nov precipitation mm = 8 |Dec precipitation mm = 1 |year precipitation mm = 412 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1 |Feb precipitation days = 1 |Mar precipitation days = 3 |Apr precipitation days = 6 |May precipitation days = 7 |Jun precipitation days = 9 |Jul precipitation days = 8 |Aug precipitation days = 10 |Sep precipitation days = 11 |Oct precipitation days = 4 |Nov precipitation days = 1 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 61 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 65 |Mar humidity = 58 |Apr humidity = 57 |May humidity = 56 |Jun humidity = 55 |Jul humidity = 53 |Aug humidity = 53 |Sep humidity = 55 |Oct humidity = 56 |Nov humidity = 61 |Dec humidity = 64 |year humidity = |Jan percentsun = 80 |Feb percentsun = 73 |Mar percentsun = 80 |Apr percentsun = 73 |May percentsun = 64 |Jun percentsun = 73 |Jul percentsun = 64 |Aug percentsun = 64 |Sep percentsun = 73 |Oct percentsun = 80 |Nov percentsun = 80 |Dec percentsun = 80 |year percentsun = 74 |source 1 = Food and Agriculture Organization: Somalia Water and Land Management (temperatures, humidity and percent sunshine)<ref> {{cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104142616/http://www.faoswalim.org/resources/site_files/W-01%20Climate%20of%20Somalia_0.pdf | archivedate = 4 November 2016 | url = http://www.faoswalim.org/resources/site_files/W-01%20Climate%20of%20Somalia_0.pdf | title = Climate of Somalia | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization | pages = 69–73 | accessdate = 4 November 2016 | url-status = | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |title = Long term mean monthly sunshine fraction in Somalia |publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate = 4 November 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063105/http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |archive-date = 5 October 2016 |url-status = |df = dmy-all }}</ref> |source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631700_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Hargeisa / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 4 November 2016}}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Borama]] |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 24.6 |Feb high C = 25.4 |Mar high C = 27.5 |Apr high C = 27.8 |May high C = 29.3 |Jun high C = 30.0 |Jul high C = 28.8 |Aug high C = 28.8 |Sep high C = 29.0 |Oct high C = 27.4 |Nov high C = 25.8 |Dec high C = 24.4 |Jan low C = 9.7 |Feb low C = 11.7 |Mar low C = 13.8 |Apr low C = 15.7 |May low C = 17.0 |Jun low C = 18.3 |Jul low C = 17.8 |Aug low C = 17.6 |Sep low C = 17.3 |Oct low C = 13.7 |Nov low C = 11.3 |Dec low C = 10.4 |Jan rain mm = 6 |Feb rain mm = 21 |Mar rain mm = 36 |Apr rain mm = 86 |May rain mm = 61 |Jun rain mm = 32 |Jul rain mm = 78 |Aug rain mm = 112 |Sep rain mm = 86 |Oct rain mm = 18 |Nov rain mm = 10 |Dec rain mm = 2 |source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf |title=Land Resources Assessment of Somalia |date=June 2009 |publisher=[[Somalia Water and Land Information Management Project]] |page=10 |accessdate=1 October 2013 |url-status= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010751/http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf |archivedate=5 October 2013 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Berbera]] | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 35.3 | Feb record high C = 35.0 | Mar record high C = 35.0 | Apr record high C = 42.2 | May record high C = 47.3 | Jun record high C = 49.1 | Jul record high C = 47.7 | Aug record high C = 46.7 | Sep record high C = 46.0 | Oct record high C = 41.7 | Nov record high C = 36.7 | Dec record high C = 36.1 | year record high C = 49.1 | Jan high C = 27.9 | Feb high C = 29.2 | Mar high C = 30.7 | Apr high C = 31.0 | May high C = 35.7 | Jun high C = 42.8 | Jul high C = 42.9 | Aug high C = 41.9 | Sep high C = 39.7 | Oct high C = 33.1 | Nov high C = 30.0 | Dec high C = 28.6 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.0 | Feb mean C = 25.0 | Mar mean C = 26.1 | Apr mean C = 28.3 | May mean C = 31.1 | Jun mean C = 33.5 | Jul mean C = 36.1 | Aug mean C = 35.6 | Sep mean C = 33.3 | Oct mean C = 28.8 | Nov mean C = 26.7 | Dec mean C = 26.7 | year mean C = 30.0 | Jan low C = 21.3 | Feb low C = 21.6 | Mar low C = 23.3 | Apr low C = 25.2 | May low C = 27.7 | Jun low C = 31.0 | Jul low C = 31.8 | Aug low C = 31.1 | Sep low C = 29.3 | Oct low C = 24.0 | Nov low C = 22.2 | Dec low C = 21.6 | year low C = 25.8 | Jan record low C = 14.4 | Feb record low C = 15.6 | Mar record low C = 16.7 | Apr record low C = 18.9 | May record low C = 20.6 | Jun record low C = 22.2 | Jul record low C = 20.6 | Aug record low C = 20.0 | Sep record low C = 17.8 | Oct record low C = 16.7 | Nov record low C = 16.1 | Dec record low C = 15.0 | year record low C = 14.4 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 8 | Feb precipitation mm = 2 | Mar precipitation mm = 5 | Apr precipitation mm = 12 | May precipitation mm = 8 | Jun precipitation mm = 1 | Jul precipitation mm = 1 | Aug precipitation mm = 2 | Sep precipitation mm = 1 | Oct precipitation mm = 2 | Nov precipitation mm = 5 | Dec precipitation mm = 5 | year precipitation mm = 52 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 0.6 | Feb precipitation days = 0.6 | Mar precipitation days = 0.5 | Apr precipitation days = 0.7 | May precipitation days = 0.8 | Jun precipitation days = 0.1 | Jul precipitation days = 0.3 | Aug precipitation days = 0.5 | Sep precipitation days = 0.4 | Oct precipitation days = 0.2 | Nov precipitation days = 0.3 | Dec precipitation days = 0.4 | year precipitation days = 5.2 | Jan humidity = 78 | Feb humidity = 79 | Mar humidity = 79 | Apr humidity = 81 | May humidity = 73 | Jun humidity = 49 | Jul humidity = 44 | Aug humidity = 45 | Sep humidity = 51 | Oct humidity = 72 | Nov humidity = 74 | Dec humidity = 76 | year humidity = 67 | Jan percentsun = 80 | Feb percentsun = 80 | Mar percentsun = 80 | Apr percentsun = 83 | May percentsun = 83 | Jun percentsun = 87 | Jul percentsun = 80 | Aug percentsun = 87 | Sep percentsun = 87 | Oct percentsun = 87 | Nov percentsun = 87 | Dec percentsun = 80 | year percentsun = | source 1 = Arab Meteorology Book (average temperatures, humidity and precipitation),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data | publisher = Springer | accessdate = 22 October 2016 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631600_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Berbera / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 22 October 2016}}</ref> | source 2 = Food and Agriculture Organization: Somalia Water and Land Management (percent sunshine)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |title = Long term mean monthly sunshine fraction in Somalia |publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate = 4 November 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063105/http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |archive-date = 5 October 2016 |url-status = |df = dmy-all }}</ref> }} {{Weather box | location = [[Burco]] | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes | Jan high F = 79.7 | Feb high F = 82.4 | Mar high F = 85.5 | Apr high F = 87.3 | May high F = 88.3 | Jun high F = 88 | Jul high F = 84.9 | Aug high F = 86.7 | Sep high F = 88.9 | Oct high F = 85.6 | Nov high F = 81.7 | Dec high F = 79.7 | year high F = 84.9 | Jan low F = 54.9 | Feb low F = 56.8 | Mar low F = 60.1 | Apr low F = 63.1 | May low F = 65.1 | Jun low F = 66.9 | Jul low F = 66.9 | Aug low F = 67.1 | Sep low F = 66.9 | Oct low F = 61.2 | Nov low F = 57.7 | Dec low F = 55 | year low F = 61.8 | Jan precipitation mm = 2 | Feb precipitation mm = 0 | Mar precipitation mm = 6 | Apr precipitation mm = 50 | May precipitation mm = 59 | Jun precipitation mm = 14 | Jul precipitation mm = 13 | Aug precipitation mm = 13 | Sep precipitation mm = 30 | Oct precipitation mm = 26 | Nov precipitation mm = 9 | Dec precipitation mm = 0 | year precipitation mm = 222 | source 1 = Weatherbase<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=631750&refer=wikipedia | title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Burao, Somalia | publisher = Weatherbase | year = 2011 | accessdate = 24 November 2011 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 7 Bisha Sideedaad 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200807094958/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=631750&refer=wikipedia | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | source 2 = Climate Data.ORG<ref> {{cite web | url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/907/ |title =Climate: Burao, Somalia | publisher = Climate-Data.org | year = 2013 | accessdate = 28 December 2013 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Ceerigaabo]] |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 30.5 |Feb record high C = 33.5 |Mar record high C = 32.0 |Apr record high C = 33.5 |May record high C = 31.5 |Jun record high C = 30.5 |Jul record high C = 30.5 |Aug record high C = 30.0 |Sep record high C = 30.0 |Oct record high C = 29.5 |Nov record high C = 29.5 |Dec record high C = 28.0 |year record high C = 33.5 |Jan high C = 24.5 |Feb high C = 25.5 |Mar high C = 25.5 |Apr high C = 26.5 |May high C = 26.5 |Jun high C = 26.0 |Jul high C = 26.0 |Aug high C = 26.0 |Sep high C = 25.5 |Oct high C = 25.0 |Nov high C = 24.0 |Dec high C = 23.5 |year high C = 25.5 |Jan mean C = 15.0 |Feb mean C = 16.0 |Mar mean C = 17.0 |Apr mean C = 18.0 |May mean C = 19.0 |Jun mean C = 19.5 |Jul mean C = 19.5 |Aug mean C = 19.5 |Sep mean C = 18.5 |Oct mean C = 16.5 |Nov mean C = 15.5 |Dec mean C = 14.5 |year mean C = 17.5 |Jan low C = 5.5 |Feb low C = 7.0 |Mar low C = 8.5 |Apr low C = 10.0 |May low C = 11.5 |Jun low C = 13.0 |Jul low C = 13.5 |Aug low C = 13.5 |Sep low C = 11.5 |Oct low C = 8.5 |Nov low C = 7.0 |Dec low C = 5.5 |year low C = 9.5 |Jan record low C = -3.5 |Feb record low C = 0.5 |Mar record low C = 0.5 |Apr record low C = 2.0 |May record low C = 1.5 |Jun record low C = 4.0 |Jul record low C = 5.0 |Aug record low C = 4.5 |Sep record low C = 3.0 |Oct record low C = 0.0 |Nov record low C = -3.0 |Dec record low C = -3.5 |year record low C = -3.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 18 |Feb precipitation mm = 13 |Mar precipitation mm = 33 |Apr precipitation mm = 38 |May precipitation mm = 81 |Jun precipitation mm = 64 |Jul precipitation mm = 10 |Aug precipitation mm = 41 |Sep precipitation mm = 114 |Oct precipitation mm = 8 |Nov precipitation mm = 13 |Dec precipitation mm = 2 |year precipitation mm = 435 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1 |Feb precipitation days = 3 |Mar precipitation days = 6 |Apr precipitation days = 5 |May precipitation days = 8 |Jun precipitation days = 9 |Jul precipitation days = 1 |Aug precipitation days = 5 |Sep precipitation days = 15 |Oct precipitation days = 1 |Nov precipitation days = 2 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 56 |time day = 14:00 |Jan humidity = 34 |Feb humidity = 35 |Mar humidity = 42 |Apr humidity = 56 |May humidity = 51 |Jun humidity = 48 |Jul humidity = 43 |Aug humidity = 49 |Sep humidity = 55 |Oct humidity = 43 |Nov humidity = 34 |Dec humidity = 37 |year humidity = 44 |source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631800_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Erigavo / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 4 November 2016}}</ref> |date = July 2012}} ==Dowlada iyo Siyaasada== ===Madaxweyneyaasha=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; float:right; margin-right:9px; margin-right:2px;" |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[File: Muse Bihi official portrait 2017 (cropped).jpg|130px]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[File:Vice President of Somaliland Abdirahman SayliciSaylici.jpg|160px]] |- | style="text-align:center;"|[[Muuse Biixi]]<br /><small>[[File:Seal of the President of the Republic of Somaliland.png|20x20px]] [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxwaynaha]]</small> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Cabdiraxmaan Saylici]]<br /><small>[[File:Emblem of Somaliland.svg|15x15px]] [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka]]</small> |} ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dawladda Somaliland]] iyo [[Siyaasadda Somaliland]]'' [[File:Somaliland Parliament (5981346680).jpg|thumb|250px|Wasiirka Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda ee Ingiriiska Henry Bellingham oo la hadlaya [[baarlamaanka Somaliland]], July [[2011]]]] Guurtidu waxay la shaqeysay hoggaamiyeyaashii jabhadda si ay u soo dhisaan dowlad cusub, waxaana lagu soo daray qaab dhismeedka dowladnimada, waxayna noqotay Golaha Guurtida ee Barlamaanka. iyo guryaha Hoose oo si saami ahaan loogu qoondeeyey qabaa'ilka iyadoo lagu saleynayo qaacido horay loo sii dejiyey, in kasta oo reeraha oo dhami aysan ku qanacsanayn matalaadooda. Sannadkii 2002, ka dib markii dhawr jeer loo kordhiyey dawladdan ku-meel-gaadhka ah, Somaliland waxay u gudubtay dimuqraadiyadda xisbiyada badan. Doorashadu waxay ku koobnayd saddex xisbi, iyada oo la isku dayayo in la abuuro doorashooyin ku dhisan fikrad halkii laga dooran lahaa qaab qabiil. Laga bilaabo Diseembar 2014, Somaliland waxay leedahay saddex xisbi siyaasadeed: Xisbiga Nabadda, Midnimada, iyo Horumarka, Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarka, iyo Wadani. Sida ku xusan dastuurka Somaliland, ugu badnaan saddex xisbi siyaasadeed ayaa loo oggol yahay. Fulinta waxaa hogaamiya madaxweyne la soo doortay, oo dowladdiisa ay ka mid yihiin madaxweyne-ku-xigeen iyo Golaha Wasiirrada. Golaha Wasiirrada, oo mas'uul ka ah howlaha caadiga ah ee dowladda, waxaa soo magacaaba Madaxweynaha, waxaana oggolaada Golaha Wakiillada ee Baarlamaanka. Madaxweynuhu waa inuu ansixiyaa hindise sharciyeedyada ay ansixiyeen Baarlamaanku intaanay dhaqan gelin. Doorashada madaxtinimada waxaa xaqiijiyey guddiga doorashooyinka qaranka ee Somaliland. Madaxweynaha wuxuu shaqeyn karaa ugu badnaan laba xilli oo shan sano ah. [[File:Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg|thumb|250px|Madaxweynaha waqtigiisu dhammaaday, [[Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur]], wuxuu hoolka ka baxayaa isaga iyo madaxweynaha cusub ee la doortay [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]]. C / Raxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur waxaa oday ugu hambalyeeynayaa go, aankiisa ah inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada isla markaana si nabadgelyo ah isu soo taago kadib maalmo dhowr dood adag iyo gorgortan.]] Golaha Wakiilada (Aqalka Hoose) ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Awooda sharci dejinta waxaa leh baarlamaanka labada aqal. Aqalkiisa sare waa Golaha Guurtida, qolkan waxaa gudoomiye ka ah Suleiman Mohamoud Adan, aqalka hoose waa Golaha Wakiilada. Aqalka hoose waxaa gudoomiye ka ah Baashe Maxamed Faarax. Guri kasta wuxuu leeyahay 82 xubnood. Xubnaha Golaha Guurtida waxaa si dadban u doorta beelaha deegaanka muddo lix sano ah. Golaha Guurtidu wuxuu la wadaagayaa awooda gudbinta shuruucda Golaha Wakiilada, sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay doorka xalinta khilaafaadka gudaha, iyo awood gaar ah oo lagu kordhiyo muddada Madaxweynaha iyo wakiilada iyadoo lagu jiro duruufaha doorashada ka dhigaya mid aan macquul aheyn. Xubnaha Golaha Wakiillada waxaa si toos ah u doorta dadku shan sano. Golaha Wakiiladu wuxuu la wadaagayaa awooda codbixinta Golaha Guurtida, in kasta oo ay soo saari karaan sharci Golaha Guurtidu diidayo hadii ay u codeeyaan sharciga aqlabiyada 2/3, waxayna awood buuxda ku leeyihiin arimaha dhaqaalaha iyo xaqiijinta magacaabista Madaxweynaha. (marka laga reebo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare). Nidaamka garsoorku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay maxkamadaha degmada, (oo ka hadlaya arrimaha sharciga qoyska iyo isku xigxiga, dacwadaha oo gaaraya ilaa 3 milyan oo SL ah, kiisaska ciqaabta oo ciqaabtiisu tahay ilaa 3 sano oo xarig ah ama 3 milyan oo ganaax lacageed ah oo SL ah, iyo dambiyada ay galaan dhalinyarada) , maxkamadaha gobolka (kuwaas oo ka shaqeeya dacwadaha iyo kiisaska ciqaabta ee aan ku hoos jirin xukunka maxkamadaha degmada, sheegashooyinka shaqada iyo shaqaalaynta, iyo doorashooyinka dawladaha hoose), maxkamadaha rafcaanka ee gobolka (kuwaas oo wax ka qabta dhammaan rafcaannada ka imanaya maxkamadaha degmooyinka iyo gobollada), iyo Maxkamadda Sare (kaas oo ka hadlaya arrimaha u dhexeeya maxkamadaha iyo dawladda, isla markaana dib u eegis ku sameeya go'aannadeeda), oo ah maxkamadda ugu sarraysa sidoo kalena u shaqaysa sida Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Sharciga Jinsiyadaha Somaliland wuxuu qeexayaa qofka muwaadin Somaliland ah, Haweenka reer Somaliland, oo xidhan midabada calanka Somaliland, ka hor doorashadii baarlamaanka ee 2005. Dawladda Somaliland waxay sii waddaa inay ku dhaqanto xeerka ciqaabta ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya 1962dii. Sidan oo kale, falalka khaniisiinta ayaa sharci darro ka ah gayiga. Guriga Freedom wuxuu ku qiimeeyaa dawladda Somaliland qayb ahaan dimuqraadiyadda. Seth Kaplan (2011) wuxuu ku doodayaa in si ka duwan koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo dhulalka ku dhow, ay Somaliland, gooni u goosadka waqooyiga-galbeed ee Soomaaliya, ay ka dhistay qaab dimoqraadi ah oo maamul hoosta ilaa kor, iyadoo aan haba yaraatee lahayn wax kaalmo shisheeye ah. Si gaar ah, Kaplan wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Somaliland ay leedahay nidaamka siyaasadeed ee ugu dimuqraadiyadda wanaagsan geeska Afrika maxaa yeelay waxaa inta badan laga soo cayimay cunsuriyiinta xagjirka ah ee ka jira Soomaaliya inteeda kale waxayna leedahay hanaan doorasho iyo sharci dejin iyo sidoo kale nidaam gaar ah oo adag. ===Xidhiidhka Dibada=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xidhiidhka Dibada ee Somaliland]]'' [[File:The President of Somaliland, Musa Bihi Abdi And the Guinean Foreign minister, Mamadi Toure.jpg|thumb|250px|Madaxweynaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi]], ayaa booqasho ku tegey Jamhuuriyadda Guinea.]] Somaliland waxay xidhiidh siyaasadeed la leedahay dalalka deriska la ah ee Itoobiya iyo Jabuuti, Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha oo aan xubin ka ahayn Qaramada Midoobay, iyo sidoo kale Koonfur Afrika, Sweden, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo waddan yar oo Liberland ah. 17-kii Janaayo 2007, Midowga Yurub (EU) wuxuu wafdi u diray arrimaha dibedda si ay uga wada hadlaan iskaashiga mustaqbalka. Midowga Afrika (AU) wuxuu kaloo diray wasiir arrimo dibadeed si uu ugala hadlo mustaqbalka ictiraafka caalamiga, 29kii iyo 30kii Janaayo 2007, wasiiradu waxay sheegeen inay ictiraafka kala hadli doonaan dowladaha xubnaha ka ah ururka. Horraantii 2006, Golaha Qaranka ee Wales ayaa casuumaad rasmi ah u fidiyay dawladda Somaliland si ay uga soo qayb galaan furitaanka boqortooyada ee Senedd ee Cardiff. Tallaabadan ayaa loo arkay inay tahay tallaabo ay Golaha Welsh ku aqoonsadeen sharcinimada dowladda gooni u goosadka ah. Xafiiska Arimaha Dibadda iyo Barwaaqo Sooranka ayaanan wax faallo ah ka bixin casuumaada. Gobolka Wales waxaa ku nool jaaliyad Soomaali ah oo muhiim ah oo ka timid Somaliland. Sanadkii 2007, wafdi uu hogaaminayo Madaxweyne Kaahin ayaa goobjoog ka ahaa shirkii madaxda dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Barwaaqo Sooranka ee ka dhacay magaalada Kampala ee xarunta dalka Uganda. In kasta oo ay Somaliland codsatay ka mid noqoshada Barwaaqa Sooranka iyada oo ku hoos jirta xaalad goobjooge, codsigeedii weli waa la sugayaa. [[File:Missions in Somaliland.png|thumb|right|250px|Khariidada xafiisyada diblomaasiyadeed ee Somaliland{{legend|#ff0000|Somaliland}} <!--{{legend|#212178|States with embassy in Somaliland}}--> {{legend|#5f8dd3|Dowladdaha leh qunsuliyadda ama xafiiska wakiilka ee Somaliland}} <!--{{legend|#aaccff|Dowladdo safaarad aan deganayn ku leh Somaliland}}-->]] 24 Sebtember [[2010]], Johnnie Carson, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha Arimaha Dibada ee Arimaha Afrika, wuxuu sheegay in Mareykanku uu wax ka badalidoono istiraatiijiyaddiisa Soomaaliya uuna raadinayo xiriir qoto dheer oo uu la yeesho dowladaha Somaliland iyo Puntland isagoo sii wadaya taageerida Dowlada KMG ee Soomaaliya. Carson wuxuu sheegay in Mareykanku u diri doono shaqaalaha gargaarka iyo diblomaasiyiinta Puntland iyo Somaliland wuxuuna si toos ah u sheegay suurtagalnimada mashaariic horumarineed oo mustaqbalka ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Carson wuxuu carabka ku adkeeyay in Mareykanku uusan u fidin doonin aqoonsi rasmi ah labada gobol midkoodna. Madaxweyne Siilaanyo ee Somaliland bishii Noofambar 2010 si uu ugala hadlo sidii loo kordhin lahaa wax ka qabashada Ingiriiska ee Somaliland. Madaxweyne Siilaanyo wuxuu yidhi safarkiisii ​​London “Waxaan la shaqeynaynay beesha caalamka beesha caalamkuna way nala shaqeyneysay, annaga oo bixinayna anaga oo naga caawinay kanala shaqeynayna barnaamijyada dimoqraadiyeynta iyo horumarka. Waxaan aad ugu faraxsanahay sida bulshada caalamku ay noola macaamileen, gaar ahaan UK, Mareykanka, quruumaha kale ee Yurub iyo deriskeena oo weli raadinaya ictiraaf Ictiraafka Somaliland ee Boqortooyada Midowday (UK) waxa kale oo taageeray Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida ee UK, oo ku soo galay kaalinta 3aad ee codadkii dadweynaha ee doorashadii guud ee 2015. Hogaamiyaha UKIP, Nigel Farage, ayaa la kulmay Cali Aadan Cawaale, Madaxa Ergada Somaliland ee UK Uk maalinta qaranimada Somaliland, 18 May, 2015, si ay u muujiyaan taageerada UKIP ee Somaliland. Nigel Farage wuxuu yidhi “Somaliland waxay 24-kii sano ee u dambeeyay u ahayd ilayska nabada, dimuqraadiyada iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga, ee Geeska Afrika 24-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Waxay ku beegan tahay wakhtigii UK iyo bulshada kale ee caalamku aqoonsadeen qadiyada Somaliland ee aqoonsiga. Waa waqtigii nabada la abaalmarin lahaa. In UK ay dhabarka u jeediso dalabkooda sharciga ah ee madaxbanaanida, waa khalad, waa wax aan caadi aheyn inaanan u ololeynin aqbalitaankooda Barwaaqo Sooranka. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaan taageernay aqbalida dalal ay ka mid yihiin Mozambique oo aan xidhiidh taariikhi ah la lahayn Ingiriiska, laakiin Somaliland, oo hore u ahaan jirtay maxmiyad ayaa hartay qabow. Tani waa inay isbedeshaa". [[File:Somaliland Foreign Minister Hagi Mohamoud with Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen.jpg|thumb|250px|Wasiirka Arimaha Dibada Somaliland Hagi Mohamoud oo uu weheliyo Madaxweynaha Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen.]] Sannadkii [[2011]], Somaliland iyo gobolka deriska la ah [[Khatumo]] ee Puntland wuxuu mid waliba la galay heshiis is-afgarad oo la xiriira nabadgelyada Jasiiradda Seychelles. Iyadoo la raacayo qaab dhismeedka heshiis hore oo ay kala saxiixdeen Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah iyo Seychelles, qoraalka ayaa ah "in dadka la xukumay loo wareejiyo xabsiyada 'Puntland' iyo 'Somaliland'. 1dii Julay [[2020]], Somaliland iyo Taiwan waxay kala saxeexdeen heshiis lagu aasaasayo xafiisyo wakiillo ka shaqeeya si kor loogu qaado iskaashiga labada dal. Wadashaqeynta labada siyaasadood ee ku saabsan waxbarashada, amniga badaha, iyo daawada waxay bilaabatay 2009, shaqaalaha Taiwan waxay soo galeen Somaliland Febraayo 2020 si ay ugu diyaar garoobaan xafiiska wakiilka. ===Doorashooyinka Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Doorashooyinka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Elections in Somaliland.jpg|thumb|250px|Doorashooyinka Somaliland qof iyo cod]] Burburkii dowladdii militariga ee ka talineysay Soomaaliya 1991 AD, hoggaamiyeyaashii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed waxay qaadeen tallaabo ay ku dhawaaqeen gooni u goosadka gobolka woqooyi ee Soomaaliya, oo markaas ku jiray shan gobol oo ka tirsan Soomaaliya inteeda kale, isla sannadkaas. . Intaa wixii ka dambeeyay, Somaliland waxay ku guuleysatay inay gaarto dib u heshiisiin dhab ah oo dhex marta beelaha wada dega gobolka, waxayna ka shaqeysay fidinta amniga, kala dambeynta iyo sharciga, waxayna ku ansixisay dastuurkeedii ugu horreeyay afti laga qaaday 2001. Waxay sidoo kale abaabushay, xilliyo kala duwan, bilaash iyo doorashooyin guuleysta oo ay kujiraan doorashooyinka dowladaha hoose, sharci dejinta iyo madaxweynaha. Waxa wadankan ka dhacay doorashooyin madax banaan oo shacabku si run ah ay u dooranayeen waxa kale oo horay uga dhacay somaliland doorashooyin doorashaddii, uguhoraysay ee kadhacady somaliland waxa ay hayd dheceen sanadii 1997 waxca ku gulaystay madaxwayne [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] doorashada labaad ee kadhacady somalilad waxa ay dhacday sanadii 2003 halka tii sadexaad oo ah in ay jabisay rikoodhkii u yaaly afrika oo ahaaa in laba doorasho oo isku xiga wax kacadani aany wadan afrikaana kadhici iyada oo lagu yaqaanay in haddii doorasho sadexaad loodhaqaaqo uu wadankasta oo afrika kuyaala dagaal sokeeye ka bilaabmi jiray. ayaa wadanka somaliland waxa uu marayaa doorashaddii sadexaad ee si habsamiya uga dhacda doorashadan ugu danbaysay waxa ay djacday sandkii aynu soodhaafanay ee 2010ka waxaana madaxwayne loo doortay mujaaahidka wayn ee axmed maxamed maxamuud [[siilaanyo]] ===Ciidanka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ciidanka Qaranka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Women in Somaliland Army.jpg|thumb|250px|Haweenka Ciidanka Somaliland.]] [[File:Somaliland Army 1.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ciidanka Qaranka Somaliland]]]] '''Ciidamada Somaliland''' (''Ciidanka Qaranka'') Somalilanad waxa ay leedahay ciidan militari oo si habaysan u tababaran kaas oo ah ilaaliyaha koobaad ee ciida somaliland. ciidamada somaliland waxa ay fadhiisimo iyo saldhigyo ku leeyihiin dhamaan wadanka. ciidamada somaliland waxa ay leeyhiin dhamaan qaybaha ciidan ee wadan yeesho. waxaa sharci ahaan loo ogolyahay dadka wixii kawayn 18 ilaa 49 ciidanka [[somaliland]] waxa lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 20.000 oo askari. Ciidamada somaliland waxay ka qaybqaatan ilaalinta ciidooda taaso oo ah arin muqaddas ah. ===Astaanta=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Emblem of Somaliland.svg|thumb|250px|[[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland]]]] Astaanta Qaranka [[Somaliland]] waxaa la abaabulay [[Oktoobar]] [[1996]]dii, ayada iyo calankaba. waxa ay kakoobantahay laba kafadood iyo miisaan isleeg, oo muujinaya cadaalda dhextaala shacabka [[somaliland]] iyo gorgor sare u haya miisaanka oo isna tusaale u ah dimuquraadiyada ay somaliland kudhaqanto waxa kale o kamida astaanta qaranka laba gacmood oo issisalaamya. waxaanay tasi tusaale u tahay sinaanta iyo cadaalada iyo dimuquraadiya dhextaala dadka reer somaliland waxa kale oo kamida calaamdaha ay kakoobantahay astaanta qaranka somaliland [[laan]] geed oo muujinaysa nabada ay haystaan shacabku waxa kale oo kamida halka danbe oo ah huruud taas oo muujinaysa dhaqan wanaaga shacabka somaliland waxa kale oo walaiba kamida bisinka oo kaga yaala halka sare oo muujinaya in shacabka somaliland ay yihiin dad islaama. ===Calanka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Calanka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Flag of Somaliland.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|[[Calanka Somaliland]]]] Calanka Somaliland waxa markii uguhoraysay la isticmaalay calanka [[somaliland]] ee xilagan 14 0ktoba 1996kii waxa uu calanka [[somaliland]] ka koobanyahay sadex khad ama kald oo jiif ah waxa ugu koreeya [[cagaar]] waxa [[cadaan]] oo dhexda ah iyo [[casaan]] oo hoosta ah dehexdana waxaa kaga taala calanka xidig [[madaw]] waxa dhanka sare ee calanka ku taala [[shahaadada]] (لا إله إلا الله, محمد رسول الله) oo far cad kuqoran Heesta calanka somaliland (samo kuwaar) ee hada waxaana loogu dhawaaqaa sidan. {{big|Samoo ku waar samoo ku waar Sareeye calanka sudhan biley dhulkissa Samoo ku waariyo iyo bogaadin sugan Hambalyo suuban kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Hambalyo suuban kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Geesiyaashii naftooda u sadqeeyey qaranimadad somaliland Geesiyaashii naftooda u sadqeeyey qaranimadad somaliland Xuskooda dhawrsan kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Xuskooda dhawrsan kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Guul side xambaarsan soo noqoshaddiisa Guul side xambaarsan soo noqoshaddiisa Kalsooniduu mutaystayee dastuurka Distuurka ku salaan kugu salaanee Midnimo walaalnimo gobonimoo Midnimo walaalnimo gobonimoo Islaamnimo kugu salaanee Samoow saamidiyo samoo ku waar Samoo ku waar saamo ku waar}} ===Maalinta Madaxbanaanida=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Somaliland]]'' [[File:Women from Somaliland wearing the flag of Somaliland.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|right|Haweenka Somaliland oo ka qayb galay dabaaldeggii maalinta madaxbanaanida oo ay la socdaan calanka Somaliland.]] Maalinta xoriyada Somaliland waa maalinta ee maamulka Goboleedka la aqoonsan ee u dabaaldagto xoriyada ee aaminsanyihiin in ee ka heleen soomaaliya isla markaasneh ee ka go'een soomaaliya inteeda kale.Xuskii ugu danbeeyay waxee dhacday 18 may 2011. ==Dhaqaalaha== ===Lacagta=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dhaqaalaha Somaliland]] iyo [[Dekada Berbera]]'' [[File:Somaliland Beverage Industries Factory.jpg|thumb||upright=0.8|left|[[SBI]] Warshada Coca–Cola Somaliland.]] [[File:New DP World Berbera Container Terminal Port.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Dekada Berbera]] Cusub ee DP World Berbera.]] [[File:Somaliland Shillings.jpg|thumb|right|[[Somaliland shilling|Shilin Somaliland]].]]. [[Somaliland shilling]] waa lacagta laga isticmaalo [[somaliland]] waxa lahirgaliyay daabacaada iyo isticmalka lacagtan, 18 aktobar 1994, waxa ay ka koobantahay lacagta somaliland waraaqo iyo biro kal ah sidan soo 1,5,10,20,100,500, iyo 5000 Sidan lawada socono astaanta qaranku waa shayga kaliyata ee lagu garto dawlad amaba lagu aqoonsado qaran keena, [[somaliland]] waxuu leeyahay astaan iyo lacag u gaar ah taa oo uu kaga duwan yahay bulshada caalamka iyo Gobolka geeska afrikaba, hadaba tan iyo waxii ka adan beeyay sanadkii 1991 somaliland waxay lahayd lacag u gaar ah taasi oo aan gabi hanba wada gaadhin gobolada somaliland oo dhan , iyadoo inta badan ku kooban hargaysa oo ah caasimada somaliland. halka aan lagaba aqoon gobola da kale dalka sida gobolada Bariga ee ay ka mid ka yihiin gobolka togdheer,sanaag iyo sool ,waxaana laga isticmalaa badiba lacago qalaad oo kala duwan ku wasi oo iskugu jira lacagta itopiyanka iyo lacagtii faqashta ee soomaliyadii hore, dhinacakale waxad arkaysaa markaad tagto magaloyinka aan kor ku soo xusay iyo qaar kaleba inaad markaad dhex marayso goobaha lacagaha lagu sarifo anad arkayninba wax lacag shilinka somalialand ah mana jiraan lacago somaliland ah oo ay indha haagu qabanayaan, dhinacakale´shilinka somaliland hadad is tidhaah do suqa wax kaga so iibso ama ba wax kaga soo cun hotelada laga cunteeyo lagama yaabo inaad wax lagaga iibiyo, waxa yaduna nasiib daraa in qaar kamid ah lacagta shilinka somaliland ah guud ahan ba wadanka gudihiisa lagama qaato xataa casimada inana waxba lagaga iibin ibin mayo lacagtaas oo inta badan musha har loo ´siyo ciidamada qaranka marka ay isku dayaan inay ku soo adeegtana aan lagaqadan lacagtaas aan kor ku soo xusayna waxa kamid ah 5ta´shilin 10´ka shilin iyo 20´ka shilin lacagtasi la diidayaana waa lacagtii qaranka hadaba, waxa nasiib Daraa inay somaliland ku faanto inay hormar ka gaadhay dhinacyo badan sida dimuqraadiyada ´ dhaqaalaha´ Tignolajiyada iyo waxbarashada, hadana hormar ay gaadho iska dhaafo ay lacagteedii ayaa weli saaran Geedka Madhaafto === Sahaminta shidaalka === [[File:Oil and Gas exploration activities in Somaliland.jpg|thumb|left|Hawlaha sahaminta shidaalka iyo gaaska ee [[Oodwayne]], gobolka Togdheer.]] Bishii Ogosto 2012, dawladda Somaliland waxay siisay [[Genel Energy]] ruqsad ay shidaal uga baadhi karto dhulkeeda. Natiijooyinka baadhitaanka sagxadda oo la dhammaystiray horraantii 2015 waxay xaqiijiyeen suurtagalnimada waxqabad ee ka jirta SL-10B iyo baloogga SL-13 iyo baloogga Oodweyne oo lagu qiyaasay keyd shidaal oo midkiiba gaarayo 1 bilyan oo foosto. <ref>{{cite web | title = Somaliland | url = http: //www.genelenergy.com/operations/exploration-assets/somaliland/ | access-date = 3 August 2017 | Archive-date = 4 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804013531/http://www.genelenergy.com/operations/exploration-assets/somaliland/ | url-status = dead | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 4 August 2017 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Shirkadda Genel Energy ayaa qarka u saaran inay si fiican u qoddo sahaminta SL-10B iyo SL-13 xannibaadda Buur-Dhaab oo 20 kiiloomitir waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Caynabo]] dhammaadka 2018. <ref> {{cite web | title = Ruqsadaha Ciyaaraha ee Mesozoic Rift Play SL10B / 13 & Odewayne | url = http: // www. genelenergy.com/media/1977/genel-energy-onshore-somaliland-opportunity-summary_digital.pdf|publisher=Genel Energy | marin-u-helid = 3 Agoosto 2017 | taariikhda-taariikhda = 4 Janaayo 2017 | archive-url = https: / /web.archive.org/web/20170104062357/http://www.genelenergy.c om / media / 1977 / genel-energy-onshore-somaliland-fursad-summary_digital.pdf | url-status = dead}} </ref> ===Warbaahinta=== Somaliland waxa ay leedahay warbaahin madaxbanaan oo aanay cidi kormerin haba yaraatee war baahintaasi waxa ay isugu jirataaa warbaahinta la akhriyo tan ladaawdo iyo tan la dhagaysto. kuwa ugu waawayn ama ugu caansana waxa kamida, wargayska [[jamhuuriya]] wargayska [[haatuf]], tv ga [[horm kabel tv|horm kabel tv iyo shabakadda wararka caalamiga ah ee xoriyonews.com]] waxa jira warbaahin kale oo aad iyo aad u fara badan oo wadanka ka jira ciidamada qarnka ee somaliland waxa ay u kalabaxaan sida aan horeba usoo sheegnay qaybaha ciidan ee uu wadan yeesho * [[Berbera oil]] * [[SomCable]] * [[Dahabshiil]] * [[Golistelecom]] * [[Petrosoma]] Dawlada Ethiopia ayaa la filaayaa inay bisha tobnaad aad aqoonsato somaliland sida lagu baahiayay boga internetka ee ay dawaldu maamusho. '''Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland''' Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta [[Somaliland]] oo si rasmiya ugu Dhawaaqay inay Isu- Fureen Adeegyadoodii Taleefoonada iyo Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka oo ka qayb galay Xafladii lagu Daah-furay. Munaasibada lagu Daahfurayay Isku-xidhka Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta [[Somaliland]] ayaa lagu qabtay Hoteelka [[Maansoor]] ee Magaalada [[Hargeysa]]. Xafladan oo lagaga dhawaaqay isku-xidhka shan Shirkadood oo ka mid ah Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland oo kala ah [[Somtel]], [[Nation Link]], [[Telcom]], [[Soltelco]], [[African Online]]., waxa ka qayb galay Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Somaliland C/raxmaan Saylici, Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Axmed Xaashi Oday, Wasiirka Diinta iyo awqaafta Sh. Khaliil C/laahi, Maareeyaha Hawlaha shaqada ee Shirkadda Somtel Cali Saalax Cabdi, Mahdi Daahir Jaamac oo ah Maareeye ku-xigeenka Shirkadda Nation-link, Madax Shirkada Telcom Aadan C/laahi, Mareeyaha Shirkada Soltelco Mukhtaar Osman iyo Marti sharaf kale. Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Somaliland C/raxmaan C/lahi Ismaaciil oo Munaasibadaasi ka hadlay ayaa soo dhaweeyay isku xidhka shirkadahan isgaadhsiinta oo wax badan ka tari doona dhibaatooyinkii Bulshada ka haysatay dhinaca Isgaadhsiinta, gaar ahaan wada hadal la’aanta dadka isticmaalada adeegyada kala duwan ee Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta. Waxaanu yidhi “Runtii waxa maanta Farxad ii ah inaan ka soo qayb galo, isku xidhkii shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta oo runtii baahi weyn loo qabay inaynu ku wada xidhiidhno, iyadoo laga maarmayo sadexdii Telefoon iyo afartii Telefoion ee markii hore la sitay, arintan oo runtii ka mid ahayd balanqaadyadii Xisbiga Kulmiye ee in adeegyada Bulshada la mideeyo”. Mr. Saylici isagoo hadalkiisa sii wata waxa uu sheegay “Maanta waxaan ku faraxsanahay in talaabada koowaad ee la qaaday inteedii badnaydna Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiintu halkan ka sheegay , shirkadaha laftoodiina ay ka marag kaceen, muhiimada aynu u soconaana waxay tahay inaynu shacbigeena u wada adeegno oo aynu ka saarno qoqobkii ku kala jiray ama kala xidhnaantii ku kala jirtay ,maadaama oo suuqeenu yahay suuq mid xor ah, waxaan qabaa inaanu dawladu mar walba ka madhnayn shirkadaha isgaadhsiinta oo waxa loo sameeyaa Cashuur dhaaf”. Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland Axmed Xaashi Oday oo Munaasibadaasi ka hadlay ayaa sheegay sheegay in Wasaarada Boosaha iyo isgaadhsiintu si isku mid ah u maamuli doonto iska Xidhka Shirdahan adeegyadooda Xidhiidhka laysku furay, isagoo hoosta ka xarriiqay inay si caadalad iyo sinaan ah ay u ilaalin doonaan dhamaan shirkadahan xuquuqdooda Ganacsi iyo sirta Adeegyadooda. Guddoomiyaha Guddidii ka soo shaqaysay isku xidhka shirkadahan Isgaadhsiinta ee mideeyay Adeegyadooda Isgaadhsiinta Mr: Jaamac X. Maxamed Cigaal ayaa isna munaasibadaasi ka sheegay qaabka ay dadku ugu wada Xidhiidhayaan shanta shirkadood ee laysku xidhay, waxaanu halkaasi ku soo. ==Bulshada== ===Maalmaha la Xuso=== *1- [[26]] [[Juun]] oo ah maalinta ay ka qadatay xornimada gumaysigii [[Ingiriis]]ka. *2- [[18. May maalinta xoriyada somaliland]] oo ku beegan 18.May.1991 kii maalintii shirweynihi shacabka reer somaliland gua'an sadiin guuni isotaga jumhuriyada somaliland ee ka dhacay Magaalada Burco. *3- Labada Ciidood ee Islaamka *4- Maalmaha Caalamiga ah sida maalinta shaqaalaha, [[AIDS|Aydhiska]], iwm. ===Luqadaha=== '''Luqadaha Somaliland''' Somaliland waxa lagaga hadlaa luqada somaliga oo boqolkiiba boqol ay kuhadalaan dadka kudhaqan somaliland waliba lahjada afsoomaaliga ugu nadiifsan amaba ugu dhaw marka laeego luqada somaliga ee qadiimka ah dadka kudhaqan somaliland lahjada afsomaliga ee ay kuhadlaan waxa ay shabahdaa ta wararka lagusiidaayo amaba saxaafada loo adeegsado. waxa kale oo somaliland lagaga hadlaa [[Carabi]]ga iyo [[Ingiriis]]iga oo ah laba luqadood oo iyana wadanka si rasmi ah looga isticmaalo, qodobka lixaad ee wadanka uyaala waxa kuqoran in somaliga carabiga iyo ingriisugu ay yihiin sadaxda luqadood ee wadanka sirasmi ah looga isticmaali karo ==Waxbarashada== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[:Category:Jaamacadaha Somaliland|Jaamacadaha Somaliland]]'' * [[Jaamacada Hargaysa]] * [[Jaamacadda Camuud]] * jaamacada admas * [[Jaamacad Burco]] * [[Jaamcada Golis]] * [[Jaamacada Timocade]] * [[New Generation University Hargeisa, Somaliland|Jaamacada New Generation]] * [[Jaamacadda Culuunta badda iyo Kaluumaysiga (BERBERA MARITIME AND FISHERIES ACADEMY)]] ==Warbixin Kale== ===Goobaha Dalxiiska=== Dalka Somaliland wuxu leeyahay deegaan ballaadhan oo dhul badhka uu ku fadhiyo lagu qiyaaso 136200KM2 iyo bad leh xeeb dhererkoodu dhanyahay 850Km2 laga bilaabo Lawyacaddo dhinaca galbeed illaa Ceelaayo dhinaca bari. Somaliland waa qaran ka nasiib badan qoomiyado badan oo caalamka ah marka laga eego cimillada iyo hawada meel dhexadka ah xilli kasta, dhulka fidsan iyo deegaanka kala nooc nooca ah. Goobaha aad loo dalxiiso ee Somaliland waxa ka mid ah daljirka dahsoon ee Hargeysa ku yaalla, dhammaan magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee dalka sida Berbera, xaruntii daraawiishta talex, Zeilac, Bullaxaar, Maydh & Xiis, Laas-qoray, jasiiradaha Sacaadadiin iyo ceebood, buurta Daallo, buurta Gacan-libaax (Waxa waliba lagu sameeyay dhisme iyo dayactir buurta dusheeda( buurta Saw, Laasgeel (Goob aasaar qadiimi ah oo sannad dhawaa khubaro faransiis ahi ka heleen degmada hore loo odhan jiray Dacar-budhuq, haddana loogu magac daray Laasgeel) ɖɦaɦaʀ ɖɦʊʟҡɨɨ զʊʀʊxɖa ɖaʀɨstɨɨ զʊʀxօօռaʏɖ ɖɦaɦaʀ ċʀɛɛռʟaռɖ iyo goobo kale oo aan xusi doonno. Waxannu ugu bushaaranaynaa soo booqdayaasha bartan inaanu boggan idiin ku soo gudbin doonno xogo iyo macluumaad faahfaahsan oo la xidhiidha dhammaan goobaha taariikhiga ah ee la dalxiiso Somaliland, xaqiiqooyin ku xeeran iyo is bedello ku yimi goobo ka mid ah. Guud ahaan, gobolkasta Somaliland waxa ka jira goobo caana ah, taariikhi ah ama lagu tilmaami karo fursadaha iyo/ama khayraadka qaaliga ah ee dalku leeyahay dhinaca dalxiiska iyo taariikhda. Laasgeel waa goob leh godod hoose oo leh xaradh iyo astaamo qadiimiga ah oo lagu qiyaasay inay noqon karayaan aasaarta taariikhiga ah ee ugu da’da weyn geeska ama qaarada Afrikaba guud ahaan marka loo eego sawirrada farshaxanka iyo astaamaha muujinaya quruumo qarniyaal badan ka hor dhulka ku noolaa. Aasaartan qadiimiga ah waxa goobtan ku ogaaday khubaro faransiis sannadkii 2002, illaa immikana waxay ka midtahay goobaha taariikhiga ah ee aad loo dalxiiso, isla markana ay Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Dawladda xaqiijiyaan nabadgelyada iyo ilaalinta aasaartan iyadoo si taxadir leh loogu oggolaado dalxiisayaashaa gaarka ah.Goobta Laasgeel waxa 6km woqooyi looga weecdaa tuulada Dhubato ee Degmada Laasgeel ee hore loo odhan jiray Dacar-budhug, immikana loogu magac daray Laasgeel oo 55KM bari ka xigta Hargeysa, kuna taalla wadada halbawlaha ah ee Hargeisa-Berbera. ===Ciyaaraha=== Ciyaaraha Somaliland Tartanka ciyaaraha [[somaliland]] oo ah mid sanadkiiba mar laqabto ayaa sanadkan ahaa mid xiiso leh,waxa sanadkan kamid ahaa ciyaaraha lagusoo bandhigay sida ciyaaraha orodada [[Kubada cagta]] [[Kubada Kolayga]] iyo waliba qaarkale oo badan.waxa sanadkan ciyaaraha 2011 ciyaaraha somaliland lagu qabtay magaalo madaxda gobolka [[Togdheer]] ee magaalda [[Burco]] gaar ahaan garoonka ciyaaraha ee caanka ah ee looyaqaano [[Alamsay]]. * [[Awdal]] * [[Hawd]] * [[Gabiley]] * [[Togdheer]] * [[Saaxil]] * [[Maroodi Jeex]] * [[sool]] * [[sanaag]] Kahor intii aan lasoo gaadhin ciyaaraha kama danbaysta ah waxa lasoomaray isreebreeb ay ka qaybqaateen dhamaan gobalada [[Somaliland]] waxaana iskusoo hadhay sideedan Gobol oo soo bandhigay ciyaaro aad iyo aad u xiiso lahaa waxaa ay ahyd markii ugu horaysay ee ciyaaraha somaliland sitoosa caalamkka looga daawado waxa siidaynta ciyaarta hawada dadaka usoo marinayaay warbaahinta qaranka iyo tan madaxa banaan waxaana laga daawanayay daafaha caalmaka. ==Muuqaalo== <gallery> File:Berbera Port2.jpg| File:Almadow Overview.JPG|Buurta [[Cal Madow]] File:Somaliland (6936778013) (2).jpg|Xeebta [[Berbera]] </gallery> ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Genel Energy]] * [[Oodwayne Beeraha Salidka]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Somalia]] * [[Dhaqalaha Somalia]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] == Xigasho == * [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmhansrd/vo040204/halltext/40204h03.htm United Kingdom parliamentary debate on recognition of Somaliland] * [http://www.awdalnews.com/ Awdadl News] * [http://www.horyaal.net/index.asp Radio Horyaal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.horyaal.net/index.asp |date=20121102031350 }} * [http://www.halganews.com/ Halgan news] {{Wayback|url=http://www.halganews.com/ |date=20101029081920 }} * [http://www.caynabanews.com/ Hadhwanaag New] {{Wayback|url=http://www.caynabanews.com/ |date=20140327103426 }} * [http://www.qarannews.com/pn/ Qaran News] {{Wayback|url=http://www.qarannews.com/pn/ |date=20061004150422 }} * [http://dillapress.com Dilla Press] {{Wayback|url=http://dillapress.com/ |date=20201024054735 }} * [http://www.jamhuuriya.info/index.php Jamhuuriya Newspaper] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jamhuuriya.info/index.php |date=20110419200647 }} * [http://www.abaarsotech.org/ Abaarso Tech University] *[https://somaliland.com/ Somaliland News] *[https://ToosNews.com ToosNews] {{Wayback|url=https://toosnews.com/ |date=20220201065019 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist|2}} {{Maqaalo Somaliland |state=expanded}} {{Dalalka Afrika |state=expanded}} [[Category:Somaliland|*]] hcx77346jsvmeit2hy5oac0wm68hi8i 0 4827 297841 297749 2026-05-26T00:32:26Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 297841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05".||[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |16".=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<S'!>[[Yemen]]<s'!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |22".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23"_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Fedral_Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |12".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19."'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<!>[[Yemen]]<!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|191px]]<S>[[Bakistaan]]<s'>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5zdomixjtcv637r3enulpdt91zhhjtr 297842 297841 2026-05-26T00:41:20Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 297842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |16".=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<S'!>[[Yemen]]<s'!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |22".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23"_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Fedral_Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |07."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18."'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<!>[[Yemen]]<!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|191px]]<S>[[Bakistaan]]<s'>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6zsajjopd5uq22t6iy41zb2e5qilu1l 297843 297842 2026-05-26T01:24:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |16".=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<S'!>[[Yemen]]<s'!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |22".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23"_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Fedral_Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |07."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18."'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<!>[[Yemen]]<!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|191px]]<S>[[Bakistaan]]<s'>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9n816y1mx41ty4mkbfdqoe67u3ksbr1 0 9966 297840 262357 2026-05-25T23:50:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dhismo |name = Villa Soomaaliya<br /><small>Aqalka Madaxtooyada [[Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]]<small> |native_name = |image = [[File:Villa somalia.jpg|thumb|right|700px|]] |caption = Madaxtooyada waa xarunta [[Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha jamhuuriyadda Federalka Soomaaliya]]. |map_type = |latitude = 2|latm= 02|lats=27.8|latNS=N |longitude = 45|longm= 20|longs=12.4|longEW=E |location_town = [[Muqdisho]] |location_country = [[Soomaaliya]] |architect = Fontana Maderno |client = |engineer = |construction_start_date= 1927 |completion_date = |date_demolished = |cost = |structural_system = |style = |size = }} '''Aqalka Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|''Villa Somalia''}}, {{lang-ar|فيلا الصومال}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Villa Soomaaliya''', waa dhisme ku yaala magaalada caasimada [[Muqdisho]], magaalo-madaxda wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Aqalkani waa fadhiga dowlada wadanka iyo xarunta [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1938 Foto, showing the athletic race track near the newly built Villa Somalia |url=http://senato.archivioluce.it/senato-luce/scheda/foto/IL0600000962/8/Campo-sportivo.html |access-date=2016-10-06 |archive-date=2023-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126015446/http://senato.archivioluce.it/senato-luce/scheda/foto/IL0600000962/8/Campo-sportivo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Hordhac== Aqalka Madaxtooyada waa xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda [[Soomaaliya]] Laga soo bilaabo Xilligii Gumeeysiga [[Talyaaniga]], Waxay xarun unoqtay [[SYL]], [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan]], [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] ilaa 1991. Kadib waxay hooy unoqotay Jabhadaha [[soomaaliya]] ku loolami jiray oo midba mar la wareega ilaa laga soo gaaro xiliigii ay Dowladda [[itoobiya]] gacanteeda soo gashay iyadoo markaas gacan siineeysa Dowladdii [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] 2007 dii. Filla Soomaaliya waxay ku taalaa [[Muqdisho]] Ex [[Wardhiigleey]] hada loo yaqaano Wartanabadda. ==Taariikh== Dhismaha Fiila Soomaaliya waxaa nashqadeeyay isla markaana dhisay [[Italian Somaliland|Maamulkii gumaystaha Talyaaniga]], kuwaasi oo ugu tallogalay xarunta Badhasaabka. Intas waxaa dheer, dhismaha Fiila Soomaaliya wuxuu ku yaalaa deegaan joogiisu sareeyo taasi oo si fiican loo arki karo [[Badweynta Hindiya]], [[Dekeda Muqdisho]] iyo [[Gagada diyaaradaha Aaden Cade]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Reports Service: Northeast Africa series, Volume 13, Issue 1|year=1966|publisher=American Universities Field Staff|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=SlUaAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> Guud ahaan, dhismaha Fiila Soomaaliya waxaa ku soo noolaa dhamaan [[Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya]] wakhtigii ay xilka hayeen.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia president visits Mogadishu after Ethiopian victory|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_president_visits_Mogadishu_after_Ethiopian_6960_printer.shtml|accessdate=24 January 2014|newspaper=Garowe Online|date=8 January 2007|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=19 Bisha Labaad 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219011909/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_president_visits_Mogadishu_after_Ethiopian_6960_printer.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Maanta waxaa ku nool isla markaana ay u tahay xafiiska shaqo madaxwayne [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud|hassan]] sheikh mahamud iyo dhamaan qeybaha dawlada kuwaas oo ku shaqeeya xaalad adag baarlamaanka somaliya ayaa ah mid wangsan kuna shaqeeya marxalad adag <ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia President, H.E. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud hosted dinner at Villa Somalia|url=http://warsheekh.com/articles/20442/Somalia-President-HE-Hassan-Sheikh-Mohamud-hosted-dinner-at-Villa-Somalia-Images|accessdate=24 January 2014|newspaper=Warsheekh|date=7 September 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=1 Bisha Labaad 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201220524/http://warsheekh.com/articles/20442/Somalia-President-HE-Hassan-Sheikh-Mohamud-hosted-dinner-at-Villa-Somalia-Images|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya]] *[[Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] ==Macluumaad kale== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smFjcE2exm0 Video of Villa Somalia in 1991] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} '''''wax ka ogow tariikhda bixiaankii talyaaniga''''' # inuu kabaxo dalka gumeestihii talyaaniga waxaa sabab u ahaa qoys layiraahdo biimaal kadib marki talyaaniga laga dile nin kadibna bixitaankooda ay shuruud uga dhigeen # ilaa ninkii dile laga keeno nin reer baadiyo ah oo kasoo jeedo beesha biimaal aya wuxuu yiri aniga iigeya oo dhaha ninkii waakana ha idilaano hadeybo soomaaliya ay kabaxayan # sidii ayaa loogu geeye talyaaniga ninkii rer miyig aha weyna toogteen talyaanigana wadankii wuu isaga bexe # [[Category:Dhismayaasha Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Xarumaha madaxda]] [[Category:Muqdisho]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] nh7zzvg5zlgsyfsdd663vawaiw5ssa4 0 18752 297838 297707 2026-05-25T17:25:46Z ~2026-31283-49 45797 /* */ Donald J Trump 297838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay Juun 14, 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii 45-aad ee 2017 ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania 1968dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey Boqor Fahad ee Sacuudi Carabiya oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg 1984, isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , Febraayo 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee France, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " America First ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , Finland]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Crimea . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus March 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] ah0z1z36moqtmp8hx9stfevm5tudy32 0 32082 297832 297780 2026-05-25T12:17:57Z Garyaqaan 29387 /* */ 297832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Garsoorka Somaliland}} '''Garsoorka Somaliland''' Garsoorku waa waax ka mid ah saddexda waaxood ee ku cad dastuurka [[Somaliland]] . Waxa qeexaya dastuurka Somaliland QAYBTA AFRAAD XUBINTA 1AAD WAAXDA GARSOORKA QODOBKA 97AAD 1. Waxa Qaranku yeelanayaa Waax Garsoor, oo hawsheedu tahay u gar-naqa ka dhaxeeya Dawadda & dadka; & dadka dhexdooda. 2. Waaxda Garsoorku waxay hawlaheeda u fulinaysaa si Dastuurka waafaqsan, iyada oo ka madax-bannaan waaxyaha kale ee Qaranka. QODOBKA 98AAD 1. Garsoorku waxa uu awood gaar ah u leeyahay: b. In uu fasiro micnaha xeerarka ka soo baxa Golayaasha dastuuriga ah iyo xeerarka degdegga ah iyada oo la raacayo Dastuurka. t. Inuu ka garsooro khilaafka ka dhex abuurma laamaha Dawladda oo dhinac ah iyo xubno ka tirsan dadweynaha oo dhinac ah ama dadweynaha dhexdooda. j. Inuu ka taliyo muran kasta oo Ia xidhiidha waafaqsanaanta Dastuurka. 2. Ma bannaana in garsooruhu qabto shaqo kale inta uu hayo xilka Garsoorka. 3. Daryeelka ku habboon garsoorayaasha xeer baa nidaaminaya QODOBKA 99AAD DHISMAHA GARSOORKA 1. Hay'adaha Garsoorku waxay ka kooban yihiin maxkamadaha iyo Xeer-ilaalinta. 2. Garsoorayaasha maxkamadaha iyo Xeer-ilaaliyaashoodu waxay u madaxbannaan yihiin hawshooda garsoor iyaga oo raacaya xeerka oo keliya. Waxa sii sharaxaya xeerka nidaamka Garsoorka Somaliland == Taariikhda Nidaamka Sharciga == === Gumeysiga Kahor === Ka hor gumaysiga dhulka hadda ah [[Somaliland]] wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ''[[xeer]]'', ama [[Xeer|''xeerarka'']] dhaqameed dhaqameed. Sharcigan waxaa dhaqan galiyay odayaasha qabaa'ilka marka lagu daro sharciga shareecada ee ay ku dhaqmaan culimada diinta Islaamka. === Gumeysigii Ingiriiska (1884 ila Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka) === Ka dib markii ay si rasmi ah ugala wareegeen gacan ku haynta Somaliland dalka Masar 1884 aheyd, gumeystayaashii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska|Ingriiska]] waxay soo saareen sharci guud oo Ingiriis ah oo ku saleysan nidaamkii sharci ee ay ka hirgeliyeen gumeysigii Hindiya. === Ka mid ahaanshaha Soomaaliya (1960 ila 1991) === Ka dib markii ay ku biirtay 1960-kii dalkii la odhan jiray [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya|Talyaanigu]] 1960 si loo abuuro dawlad cusub oo [[Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya ah]], Somaliland ma lahayn nidaam sharci oo madax-bannaan oo u gaar ah ilaa xorriyadeeda. Iyada oo ay taasi jirto, maxkamadaha hoose ee [[Gobolada Somaliland|goboladda Somaliland]] waxay wali adeegsadeen sharcigii gumaysiga Ingiriiska ilaa 1977. === Xorriyadda Kadib (1991 ila Maanta) === Ka dib markii [[Somaliland]] ku [[Ku dhawaaqida Gooni isu taaga Somaliland|dhawaaqday]] inay ka go'day [[Soomaaliya]] 1991, maxkamadaha waxaa lagu xukumay muddo kooban iyadoo la adeegsanayay dhaqamadii Talyaaniga ilaa dagaalkii ka socday [[Boorama]] la joojiyay dhammaan horumarkii. Laga soo bilaabo 1993 ilaa 1997, Axdigii Boorama wuxuu faray sameynta garsoor madaxbanaan oo cusub oo adeegsaday sharciyo kahor 1969. Taan iyo markii la ansixiyaay dastuurka [[Somaliland|Soomaaliland]] 1997 nidaamkii sharci wuxuu ka koobnaa sadex qaabdhismeed sharciyeed oo isku dhafan, iyadoo garsoorayaashu ay si kale u dabaqeen shareecada, sharciga gumaysiga [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska|Ingiriiska]], iyo ''xeer'' . == Qaab dhismeedka Maxkamadaha == Shanta heer ee maxkamadaha [[Somaliland]] waa: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Dastuuriga, Maxkamadaha Rafcaanka ee Gobolaada, Maxkamadaha Gobolaada, Maxkamadaha Degmooyinka, iyo Maxkamadaha Ciidamada Qaranka. [[Maxkamadda Sare ee Somaliland]] waa maxkamadda ugu sarraysa garsoorka waxayna ka kooban tahay Gudoomiyeha Maxkamadda sare iyo ugu yaraan afar kale oo la shaqeeya garsoorayaasha. Maxkamadda sare waxay ku shaqeysaa saddex awoodood oo kala duwan. Marka hore waa maxkamada racfaanka kama dambaysta ah sidaas darteedna waxay dhagaysan kartaa dacwadaha ay dib ugu celiso maxkamadaha hoose ee khuseeya dhammaan arrimaha ciqaabta ama sharciga madaniga ah. Awooddaan waxay sidoo kale kahadleysaa walaaca laga qabo ansaxnimada doorashooyinka qaranka. Ta labaad, waxay u dhaqantaa sidii maxkamadda dastuuriga ah, iyadoo ka hadlaysa arrimaha fasiraadda dastuurka iyo ku dhaqanka. Ugu dambeyntiina, kiisaska xil ka qaadista ee lagu soo oogay wasiirrada dowladda waxay u shaqeysaa sida Maxkamadda Sare ee Caddaaladda, iyada oo dusha kala socota dacwadda kuna baaqeysa in laga qaado wasiirrada haddii lagu helo dambi. Maxkamadda Sare ee Cadaaladda waxay ka kooban tahay shan xubnood oo ka tirsan Maxkamadda Sare iyo afar xubnood oo dheeri ah oo laga soo kala xulay min laba aqal ee Baarlamaanka. Hawsha shaqo ka xayuubinta Madaxweynaha ama Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka, iyada oo uu kormeerayo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare, waxa gacanta ku haya baarlamanka halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd Maxkamadda Sare lafteeda. {| class="wikitable" |+Liiska Gudoomuyayaasha soo maray Maxkamada sare ee somaliland ! Magaca ! Xafiiska ! Magacaabay ! Xusuusin |-Muuse Xaaji Diiriye (Idaar): 1993 – 1997 |Cismaan Xuseen Khayre: 1998 – 1998 Maxamed Xaaji Siciid: 2000 – 2001 Cismaan Xuseen Khayre: 2001 – 2002 Siciid X. Axmed Faarax: 2002 – 2004 Faysal Xaaji Jaamac: 2005 – 2007 Maxamed Xirsi Ismaaciil Oomane 2007 – 2010 Yuusuf Ismaaciil Cali: 2011 – 2015 Aadan Xaaji Cali Axmed: 2015 – | Maxamed Xirsi Ismaaciil | ? - Juunyo 2011 | | Xilka ka qaaday Madaxweyne [[Axmed Siilaanyo|Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Siilaanyo]] |- | Yuusuf Ismaaciil Cali | 2011 - Abriil 2015 | Madaxweyne Mohamoud | Waxaa xilka ka qaaday Madaxweyne Mohamoud kadib markii sida la sheegay Cali uu amar ku bixiyay in la soo xiro Gulled Ahmed Jama, oo ah madaxa Komishanka Xuquuqda Aadanaha Somaliland |- | Aadan Xaaji Cali Axmed | Juun 2015 - Xilka haya | Madaxweyne Mohamoud | |- | '''Ilaha:''' | | | |} === Maxkamadaha Rayidka ee Hoose === Maxkamadaha Rafcaanka Gobollada, Maxkamaddaha Gobollada, iyo Maxkamadaha Degmooyinka dhammaantood waxaa maamula Guddiga Caddaaladda waxayna wax ka qabtan dhamman anshaxa sharciga madaniga iyo kan ciqaabta. === Maxkamadaha Ciidamada Qaranka === Maxkamadaha Ciidamada Qaranka Somaliland waxay dhagaystaan dacwadaha ciqaabta ah ee lagu soo oogo xubnaha xoogagga hubeysan xilligii nabadda ama dagaalka. == Guddiga Caddaaladda == Dastuurku Somaliland wuxuu kaloo faray sameynta (gudida Caddaaladda ), oo ah hay'ad Ugu sareysa Garsoorka Waxay u xilsaaran tahay inay kormeerto maxkamadaha hoose ee rayidka ah ee Somaliland. Hay’addan ayaa u xilsaaran dalacsiinta, kala bedelka iyo shaqada ka eryida garsoorayaasha maxkamadaha hoose iyo ku xigeenada Xeer-ilaaliyaha guud. {| class="wikitable" |+Gudida Cadaalada Somaliland ! Cinwaanka ! Darajo ! Xusuusin |- | Garsooraha guud ee maxkamada sare | Gudoomiye | |- | Labada garsoore ee ugu sareeya maxkamada sare | Xubnaha | |- | Xeer ilaaliyaha guud | Xubin | |- | Agaasimaha Wasaaradda Caddaaladda | Xubin | |- | Guddoomiyaha guddiga shaqaalaha rayidka ah | Xubin | |- | Indheer garad | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay [[Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland|Golaha Wakiilada]] |- | Ganacsade | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay Golaha Wakiilada |- | Qof aqoon u leh dhaqanka | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay [[Golaha Guurtida Somaliland|Golaha Guurtida]] |- | Aqoonyahan Diini ah | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay Golaha Guurtida |- | '''Xigasho:''' | | |} == Garyaqaanka guud == Garyaqaanka guud ee Somaliland waxaa magacaabay Madaxweynaha, waxaana ansixinaya Golaha Wakiilada. Ka sokow guud ahaan maamulka iyo fududaynta caddaaladda ee guud ahaan Somaliland, Garyaqaanka Guud wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay soo gudbinta eedeymaha ka dhanka ah xubnaha garsoorka si meesha looga saaro, dacwad ku soo oogidda sharci-dajiyayaasha qaranka ee lagu soo eedeeyo dembiyada, iyo soo bandhigidda eedeymo loo haysto wasiirro ka tirsan xukuumadda. == Dhaleecayn iyo isku dayga dib u habaynta == Dhaliil badan ayaa loo jeediyaa garsoorka Somaliland, gaar ahaan waxqabad la’aantiisa iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga oo aan loo sinayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, garsoorka waxaa loo arkaa inuu si aad ah ugu xoog badan yahay xoogag ka baxsan, oo ay ku jiraan laamaha Fulinta iyo Sharci dejinta. Mid ka mid ah tusaalahan ayaa ah awooda Madaxweynaha ee ah inuu shaqada ka eryi karo garsoorayaasha maxkamada sare sabab la'aan sabab la'aan, waa awood uu madaxweyne Mohamoud adeegsaday 2011 markii uu kala diray sideed garsoore oo maxkamada sare ah oo fadhiyay. Sida ku xusan daraasad la sameeyay 2016 oo ku saabsan xaaladda garsoorka Somaliland, sababaha ugu horreeya ee garsoorka u liito iyo madax-bannaanidooda waxaa ka mid ahaa maalgelin la’aan, sharciyo badan oo iskhilaafsan oo khuseeya garsoorka, iyo door aan caddayn oo garsoorka sida lagu qeexay dastuurka. Sharciga ku saabsan Abaabulka Garsoorka, oo ah isku daygii ugu dambeeyay ee wax ku oolka ah ee dib u habeynta garsoorka, waxaa loo ansixiyay laba qaab oo kala duwan labadaba 2003 iyo 2008 maaddaama labaduba ay farsamo ahaan u ansixiyeen labada aqal ee Baarlamaanku uuna ansixiyay Madaxweynaha, labaduba wali xukuma nidaamka garsoorka maanta. Shuruucdani waxay ka kooban yihiin dhowr qaybood oo is burinaya ama aan caddayn, in kasta oo sharci saddexaad oo ujeeddadiisu tahay in la xoojiyo labada ka horreeyay hadda la qorayo, weli sharci lama gelin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa jiray iskudayo badan oo dib-u-habeyn ah, gaar ahaan tan iyo markii la magacaabay 2015-kii Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee isbedel-doonka ah Aadan Xaaji Cali Axmed . Laga soo bilaabo 2012–2016 [[Wasaaradda Caddaaladda ee Somaliland]] waxay hirgalisay barnaamij tababar oo socon doona muddo afar sano ah oo lagu tababarayo ardayda ka qalin jabisay dugsiyada sharciga si ay uga soo baxaan garsoorka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa jiray NGO-yo badan oo soo saaray warbixino ku saabsan dib-u-habeynta iyo soo-jeedinta fikradaha ku saabsan sida loo horumarin karo garsoorka. == Tixraacyo == [[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Distoorka_oo_Dhan.htm]] [[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/introduction_to_somaliland_law.html]] [[https://www.govsomaliland.org/]] [[https://www.linkedin.com/in/somaliland-lawyers-association-solla-6566377a?originalSubdomain=so]] [[Category: Qareenadda Somaliland]] h42p5vy2th72molyiygfkorwqy8hj3u 297833 297832 2026-05-25T12:19:33Z Garyaqaan 29387 /* */ 297833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Garsoorka Somaliland}} '''Garsoorka Somaliland''' Garsoorku waa waax ka mid ah saddexda waaxood ee ku cad dastuurka [[Somaliland]] . Waxa qeexaya dastuurka Somaliland QAYBTA AFRAAD XUBINTA 1AAD WAAXDA GARSOORKA QODOBKA 97AAD 1. Waxa Qaranku yeelanayaa Waax Garsoor, oo hawsheedu tahay u gar-naqa ka dhaxeeya Dawadda & dadka; & dadka dhexdooda. 2. Waaxda Garsoorku waxay hawlaheeda u fulinaysaa si Dastuurka waafaqsan, iyada oo ka madax-bannaan waaxyaha kale ee Qaranka. QODOBKA 98AAD 1. Garsoorku waxa uu awood gaar ah u leeyahay: b. In uu fasiro micnaha xeerarka ka soo baxa Golayaasha dastuuriga ah iyo xeerarka degdegga ah iyada oo la raacayo Dastuurka. t. Inuu ka garsooro khilaafka ka dhex abuurma laamaha Dawladda oo dhinac ah iyo xubno ka tirsan dadweynaha oo dhinac ah ama dadweynaha dhexdooda. j. Inuu ka taliyo muran kasta oo Ia xidhiidha waafaqsanaanta Dastuurka. 2. Ma bannaana in garsooruhu qabto shaqo kale inta uu hayo xilka Garsoorka. 3. Daryeelka ku habboon garsoorayaasha xeer baa nidaaminaya QODOBKA 99AAD DHISMAHA GARSOORKA 1. Hay'adaha Garsoorku waxay ka kooban yihiin maxkamadaha iyo Xeer-ilaalinta. 2. Garsoorayaasha maxkamadaha iyo Xeer-ilaaliyaashoodu waxay u madaxbannaan yihiin hawshooda garsoor iyaga oo raacaya xeerka oo keliya. Waxa sii sharaxaya xeerka nidaamka Garsoorka Somaliland == Taariikhda Nidaamka Sharciga == === Gumeysiga Kahor === Ka hor gumaysiga dhulka hadda ah [[Somaliland]] wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ''[[xeer]]'', ama [[Xeer|''xeerarka'']] dhaqameed dhaqameed. Sharcigan waxaa dhaqan galiyay odayaasha qabaa'ilka marka lagu daro sharciga shareecada ee ay ku dhaqmaan culimada diinta Islaamka. === Gumeysigii Ingiriiska (1884 ila Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka) === Ka dib markii ay si rasmi ah ugala wareegeen gacan ku haynta Somaliland dalka Masar 1884 aheyd, gumeystayaashii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska|Ingriiska]] waxay soo saareen sharci guud oo Ingiriis ah oo ku saleysan nidaamkii sharci ee ay ka hirgeliyeen gumeysigii Hindiya. === Ka mid ahaanshaha Soomaaliya (1960 ila 1991) === Ka dib markii ay ku biirtay 1960-kii dalkii la odhan jiray [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya|Talyaanigu]] 1960 si loo abuuro dawlad cusub oo [[Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya ah]], Somaliland ma lahayn nidaam sharci oo madax-bannaan oo u gaar ah ilaa xorriyadeeda. Iyada oo ay taasi jirto, maxkamadaha hoose ee [[Gobolada Somaliland|goboladda Somaliland]] waxay wali adeegsadeen sharcigii gumaysiga Ingiriiska ilaa 1977. === Xorriyadda Kadib (1991 ila Maanta) === Ka dib markii [[Somaliland]] ku [[Ku dhawaaqida Gooni isu taaga Somaliland|dhawaaqday]] inay ka go'day [[Soomaaliya]] 1991, maxkamadaha waxaa lagu xukumay muddo kooban iyadoo la adeegsanayay dhaqamadii Talyaaniga ilaa dagaalkii ka socday [[Boorama]] la joojiyay dhammaan horumarkii. Laga soo bilaabo 1993 ilaa 1997, Axdigii Boorama wuxuu faray sameynta garsoor madaxbanaan oo cusub oo adeegsaday sharciyo kahor 1969. Taan iyo markii la ansixiyaay dastuurka [[Somaliland|Soomaaliland]] 1997 nidaamkii sharci wuxuu ka koobnaa sadex qaabdhismeed sharciyeed oo isku dhafan, iyadoo garsoorayaashu ay si kale u dabaqeen shareecada, sharciga gumaysiga [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska|Ingiriiska]], iyo ''xeer'' . == Qaab dhismeedka Maxkamadaha == Shanta heer ee maxkamadaha [[Somaliland]] waa: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Dastuuriga, Maxkamadaha Rafcaanka ee Gobolaada, Maxkamadaha Gobolaada, Maxkamadaha Degmooyinka, iyo Maxkamadaha Ciidamada Qaranka. [[Maxkamadda Sare ee Somaliland]] waa maxkamadda ugu sarraysa garsoorka waxayna ka kooban tahay Gudoomiyeha Maxkamadda sare iyo ugu yaraan afar kale oo la shaqeeya garsoorayaasha. Maxkamadda sare waxay ku shaqeysaa saddex awoodood oo kala duwan. Marka hore waa maxkamada racfaanka kama dambaysta ah sidaas darteedna waxay dhagaysan kartaa dacwadaha ay dib ugu celiso maxkamadaha hoose ee khuseeya dhammaan arrimaha ciqaabta ama sharciga madaniga ah. Awooddaan waxay sidoo kale kahadleysaa walaaca laga qabo ansaxnimada doorashooyinka qaranka. Ta labaad, waxay u dhaqantaa sidii maxkamadda dastuuriga ah, iyadoo ka hadlaysa arrimaha fasiraadda dastuurka iyo ku dhaqanka. Ugu dambeyntiina, kiisaska xil ka qaadista ee lagu soo oogay wasiirrada dowladda waxay u shaqeysaa sida Maxkamadda Sare ee Caddaaladda, iyada oo dusha kala socota dacwadda kuna baaqeysa in laga qaado wasiirrada haddii lagu helo dambi. Maxkamadda Sare ee Cadaaladda waxay ka kooban tahay shan xubnood oo ka tirsan Maxkamadda Sare iyo afar xubnood oo dheeri ah oo laga soo kala xulay min laba aqal ee Baarlamaanka. Hawsha shaqo ka xayuubinta Madaxweynaha ama Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka, iyada oo uu kormeerayo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare, waxa gacanta ku haya baarlamanka halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd Maxkamadda Sare lafteeda. {| class="wikitable" |+Liiska Gudoomuyayaasha soo maray Maxkamada sare ee somaliland ! Magaca ! Xafiiska ! Magacaabay ! Xusuusin |-Muuse Xaaji Diiriye (Idaar): 1993 – 1997 |Cismaan Xuseen Khayre: 1998 – 1998 Maxamed Xaaji Siciid: 2000 – 2001 Cismaan Xuseen Khayre: 2001 – 2002 Siciid X. Axmed Faarax: 2002 – 2004 Faysal Xaaji Jaamac: 2005 – 2007 Maxamed Xirsi Ismaaciil Oomane 2007 – 2010 Yuusuf Ismaaciil Cali: 2011 – 2015 Aadan Xaaji Cali Axmed: 2015 – | Maxamed Xirsi Ismaaciil | ? - Juunyo 2011 | | Xilka ka qaaday Madaxweyne [[Axmed Siilaanyo|Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Siilaanyo]] |- | Yuusuf Ismaaciil Cali | 2011 - Abriil 2015 | Madaxweyne Mohamoud | Waxaa xilka ka qaaday Madaxweyne Mohamoud kadib markii sida la sheegay Cali uu amar ku bixiyay in la soo xiro Gulled Ahmed Jama, oo ah madaxa Komishanka Xuquuqda Aadanaha Somaliland |- | Aadan Xaaji Cali Axmed | Juun 2015 - Xilka haya | Madaxweyne Mohamoud | |- | '''Ilaha:''' | | | |} === Maxkamadaha Rayidka ee Hoose === Maxkamadaha Rafcaanka Gobollada, Maxkamaddaha Gobollada, iyo Maxkamadaha Degmooyinka dhammaantood waxaa maamula Guddiga Caddaaladda waxayna wax ka qabtan dhamman anshaxa sharciga madaniga iyo kan ciqaabta. === Maxkamadaha Ciidamada Qaranka === Maxkamadaha Ciidamada Qaranka Somaliland waxay dhagaystaan dacwadaha ciqaabta ah ee lagu soo oogo xubnaha xoogagga hubeysan xilligii nabadda ama dagaalka. == Guddiga Caddaaladda == Dastuurku Somaliland wuxuu kaloo faray sameynta (gudida Caddaaladda ), oo ah hay'ad Ugu sareysa Garsoorka Waxay u xilsaaran tahay inay kormeerto maxkamadaha hoose ee rayidka ah ee Somaliland. Hay’addan ayaa u xilsaaran dalacsiinta, kala bedelka iyo shaqada ka eryida garsoorayaasha maxkamadaha hoose iyo ku xigeenada Xeer-ilaaliyaha guud. {| class="wikitable" |+Gudida Cadaalada Somaliland ! Cinwaanka ! Darajo ! Xusuusin |- | Garsooraha guud ee maxkamada sare | Gudoomiye | |- | Labada garsoore ee ugu sareeya maxkamada sare | Xubnaha | |- | Xeer ilaaliyaha guud | Xubin | |- | Agaasimaha Wasaaradda Caddaaladda | Xubin | |- | Guddoomiyaha guddiga shaqaalaha rayidka ah | Xubin | |- | Indheer garad | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay [[Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland|Golaha Wakiilada]] |- | Ganacsade | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay Golaha Wakiilada |- | Qof aqoon u leh dhaqanka | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay [[Golaha Guurtida Somaliland|Golaha Guurtida]] |- | Aqoonyahan Diini ah | Xubin | Waxaa magacaabay Golaha Guurtida |- | '''Xigasho:''' | | |} == Garyaqaanka guud == Garyaqaanka guud ee Somaliland waxaa magacaabay Madaxweynaha, waxaana ansixinaya Golaha Wakiilada. Ka sokow guud ahaan maamulka iyo fududaynta caddaaladda ee guud ahaan Somaliland, Garyaqaanka Guud wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay soo gudbinta eedeymaha ka dhanka ah xubnaha garsoorka si meesha looga saaro, dacwad ku soo oogidda sharci-dajiyayaasha qaranka ee lagu soo eedeeyo dembiyada, iyo soo bandhigidda eedeymo loo haysto wasiirro ka tirsan xukuumadda. == Dhaleecayn iyo isku dayga dib u habaynta == Dhaliil badan ayaa loo jeediyaa garsoorka Somaliland, gaar ahaan waxqabad la’aantiisa iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga oo aan loo sinayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, garsoorka waxaa loo arkaa inuu si aad ah ugu xoog badan yahay xoogag ka baxsan, oo ay ku jiraan laamaha Fulinta iyo Sharci dejinta. Mid ka mid ah tusaalahan ayaa ah awooda Madaxweynaha ee ah inuu shaqada ka eryi karo garsoorayaasha maxkamada sare sabab la'aan sabab la'aan, waa awood uu madaxweyne Mohamoud adeegsaday 2011 markii uu kala diray sideed garsoore oo maxkamada sare ah oo fadhiyay. Sida ku xusan daraasad la sameeyay 2016 oo ku saabsan xaaladda garsoorka Somaliland, sababaha ugu horreeya ee garsoorka u liito iyo madax-bannaanidooda waxaa ka mid ahaa maalgelin la’aan, sharciyo badan oo iskhilaafsan oo khuseeya garsoorka, iyo door aan caddayn oo garsoorka sida lagu qeexay dastuurka. Sharciga ku saabsan Abaabulka Garsoorka, oo ah isku daygii ugu dambeeyay ee wax ku oolka ah ee dib u habeynta garsoorka, waxaa loo ansixiyay laba qaab oo kala duwan labadaba 2003 iyo 2008 maaddaama labaduba ay farsamo ahaan u ansixiyeen labada aqal ee Baarlamaanku uuna ansixiyay Madaxweynaha, labaduba wali xukuma nidaamka garsoorka maanta. Shuruucdani waxay ka kooban yihiin dhowr qaybood oo is burinaya ama aan caddayn, in kasta oo sharci saddexaad oo ujeeddadiisu tahay in la xoojiyo labada ka horreeyay hadda la qorayo, weli sharci lama gelin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa jiray iskudayo badan oo dib-u-habeyn ah, gaar ahaan tan iyo markii la magacaabay 2015-kii Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee isbedel-doonka ah Aadan Xaaji Cali Axmed . Laga soo bilaabo 2012–2016 [[Wasaaradda Caddaaladda ee Somaliland]] waxay hirgalisay barnaamij tababar oo socon doona muddo afar sano ah oo lagu tababarayo ardayda ka qalin jabisay dugsiyada sharciga si ay uga soo baxaan garsoorka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa jiray NGO-yo badan oo soo saaray warbixino ku saabsan dib-u-habeynta iyo soo-jeedinta fikradaha ku saabsan sida loo horumarin karo garsoorka. == Tixraacyo == [[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Distoorka_oo_Dhan.htm]] [[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/introduction_to_somaliland_law.html]] [[https://www.govsomaliland.org/]] [[https://www.linkedin.com/in/somaliland-lawyers-association-solla-6566377a?originalSubdomain=so]] [[Category: Qareenadda Somaliland]] o909ylaehkzusttgzw9fkq3ahcwu13g 0 39797 297835 297819 2026-05-25T14:57:07Z Muuse8 36079 /* Clan tree */ 297835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor Musa <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor Muuse''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor Musa'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر موسى ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor Musa is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> [[File:ShrineAwBarkhadle2007.png|thumb|240px|right|Aw Barkhadle – a historic place of oath and agreement, where the Abokor Muse clan played a leading role.]] <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'' (oo ,u kala baxa ''Rer Cawl'' iyo ''Hassan Aden''), ''Muuse Dhimbil'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.) ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. Doorkooda Ugaasnimadu waa astaan sharaf, caddaalad, iyo hoggaan bulsho. Taasi waxay sababtay in beesha Abokor Muuse lagu xasuusto dad hoggaamiya, nabad dhaliya, iyo dhaqanka ilaaliya, taasoo qayb weyn ka qaadatay dhismaha iyo ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada guud ahaan. ==Distribution== [[File:Hargeisa Somaliland.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A general view of Hargeisa, where the community is widely settled.]] Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road ([[Wadada Madaarka Egal)]]'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais *************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' *************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) *************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe) **************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden) ************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid ***************Hersi Hildiid *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Said Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden ****************Nour Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Hussein Ali *****************Mumin Ali *****************Naleye Ali ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour *****************Hersi Nour *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Guled Benin *****************Shirwa Benin *****************Abane Benin *****************Abdille Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Roble Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *******************Gulled Eiye *******************Sharmake Eiye *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed ********************Samter Ahmed ********************Ziyad Ahmed ********************Mayle Ahmed ********************Elmi Ahmed ********************Warfa Ahmed ********************Geedi Ahmed ********************Amanle Ahmed ********************Food Ahmed ********************Roble Ahmed ********************Ainanshe Ahmed ********************Wais Ahmed ********************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) *********************Ismail Dhible *********************Barre Dhible ********************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) *********************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) *********************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed **************Abdi Liban ***************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ****************Sarar Mohamed ****************Ahmed(Beder)Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Mahamoud Awal *************Hussien Awal *************Abdi Awal ************Hassan Aden *************Ziyad Hassan *************Odawa Hasaan *************Warfa Hassan *************Ladon Hassan *************Abdalle Hassan **************Ali Abdalle **************Abdi Abdalle **************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ***************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ***************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of Horn of Africa charity Organization, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Sh. Abdiraham Aden Eigeh * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Omar Aidid – is a billionaire and Founder of Hargeisa Theatre Mall, the largest Market Mall Center .(in somaliland) * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Abdishakur Hussein Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ahi99eb2ljvvfxipuuqe18vefmihc0k 297850 297835 2026-05-26T08:27:05Z Muuse8 36079 /* Xiliyadii Dhexe */ 297850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor Musa <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor Muuse''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor Musa'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر موسى ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor Musa is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'' (oo ,u kala baxa ''Rer Cawl'' iyo ''Hassan Aden''), ''Muuse Dhimbil'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.) ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. Doorkooda Ugaasnimadu waa astaan sharaf, caddaalad, iyo hoggaan bulsho. Taasi waxay sababtay in beesha Abokor Muuse lagu xasuusto dad hoggaamiya, nabad dhaliya, iyo dhaqanka ilaaliya, taasoo qayb weyn ka qaadatay dhismaha iyo ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada guud ahaan. ==Distribution== [[File:Hargeisa Somaliland.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A general view of Hargeisa, where the community is widely settled.]] Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road ([[Wadada Madaarka Egal)]]'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais *************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' *************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) *************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe) **************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden) ************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid ***************Hersi Hildiid *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Said Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden ****************Nour Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Hussein Ali *****************Mumin Ali *****************Naleye Ali ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour *****************Hersi Nour *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Guled Benin *****************Shirwa Benin *****************Abane Benin *****************Abdille Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Roble Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *******************Gulled Eiye *******************Sharmake Eiye *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed ********************Samter Ahmed ********************Ziyad Ahmed ********************Mayle Ahmed ********************Elmi Ahmed ********************Warfa Ahmed ********************Geedi Ahmed ********************Amanle Ahmed ********************Food Ahmed ********************Roble Ahmed ********************Ainanshe Ahmed ********************Wais Ahmed ********************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) *********************Ismail Dhible *********************Barre Dhible ********************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) *********************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) *********************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed **************Abdi Liban ***************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ****************Sarar Mohamed ****************Ahmed(Beder)Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Mahamoud Awal *************Hussien Awal *************Abdi Awal ************Hassan Aden *************Ziyad Hassan *************Odawa Hasaan *************Warfa Hassan *************Ladon Hassan *************Abdalle Hassan **************Ali Abdalle **************Abdi Abdalle **************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ***************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ***************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of Horn of Africa charity Organization, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Sh. Abdiraham Aden Eigeh * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Omar Aidid – is a billionaire and Founder of Hargeisa Theatre Mall, the largest Market Mall Center .(in somaliland) * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Abdishakur Hussein Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 3p0akr76mdrc2e8sl238p9ak6vetaam 0 41696 297849 297771 2026-05-26T08:25:09Z Muuse8 36079 /* Xiliyadii Dhexe (Medieval period) */ 297849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | | group = Eidagale <br> عيدَ جلي | image= |region1={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}} |region2={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} | langs = [[Somali]] | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c =Isaaq and Other,clan. }} '''Ciidagale''' (English: Eidagale'','' Arabic: عيدَ جلي''',''' Full Name: Daoud-Eidagalle) Waa beel kamida beelwaynta Isaaq.Beeshu waxay degaan rasimaya gobolka Maroodi jeex Ee Somaliland iyo Dalka Ethiopia. ==Baahsanaanta== Eidagalle waa beel ka tirsan beelaha Isaaq. Waxay degaan tiro badan ku leeyihiin gobolka Maroodi Jeex ee Somaliland, gaar ahaan magaalada Hargeysa (dhinacyadeeda dhexe iyo koonfur-bari), iyo degmada Salaxley . Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidagale waxay sidoo kale si weyn ugu baahsan yihiin dalka ee Itoobiya, gaar ahaan degmooyinka Daroor,iyo Awaare. Beesha Eedagaale waxay leedahay laamo hoose oo ay ka mid yihiin Mohamed Daoud (Guuyoobe), kuwaas oo degan degmada Oodweyne ee gobolka Togdheer. Sidoo kale, qayb ka mid ah beesha ayaa si taariikhi ah ugu nool waddanka Kenya, halkaas oo ay ka yihiin qayb muhiim ah oo si wayn looyaqaano loona ixtiraamo, laguna magaacabo Isahakia.<ref>Waal, Alexander De (1993). "Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63"</ref><ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa. <nowiki>ISBN 9781315308173</nowiki>.</ref> ==Tariikhda (History)== ===Xiliyadii Dhexe (Medieval period) === Taariikh ahaan, beesha Ciidagale waxay ka mid ahayd beelihii ka qayb galay dagaalladii lagu qaaday boqortooyadii Xabashida waxayna hoos tagi jireen [https://so.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanadii_Cadal Saldanaddii Adal]. Waxay si gaar ah ugu xusan yihiin buugga ''Futuh al-Habash'' (Futuxul Xabash) oo lagu tilmaamay in beelahaasi yihiin ''Habar Magaadle''. Habar Magaadle waxaa laga soo saaray halyeeygii taariikhiga ahaa ee Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen, oo ahaa gacanta midig ee Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Ciidagale—gaar ahaan beesha [[Abokor muuse|Abokor Muse]]—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo, taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha , gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada Herar. Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen Magalada zelia.</blockquote>jifo kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsana laanta Cabdiraxmaan Muuse, kaasoo ka qayb qaatay dagaladii Axmed Gurey , waxaa lagu nanaysaa Gashaanbuur oo ah Hussein Abokor Matan, oo ah geesiyadii ka qaybqaatay dagalkii iyo difaciiba Axmarada ee Axmed Gurey . Cilmibaare I. M. Lewis wuxuu xusay in jiray laba Axmed Gurey oo la isku khalday: <blockquote>Buuggu wuxuu tilmaamayaa laba Axmed oo loogu yeero ‘midig-la’. Mid waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Axmed Gurey Soomaali", oo loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay Axmed Gurey Xuseen, hogaamiye ka tirsanaa Habar Magaadle. Midka kalena waxaa loogu yeeraa “Iimaam Axmed”. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in labadaas Axmed la isku khalday oo laga dhigay hal halyeey oo kali ah.<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). *Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982*. KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782845864924.</ref></blockquote> Qabriga Sheekh Aw Barkhadle oo u dhexeeya [[Berbera]] iyo [[Hargeysa]] wuxuu ahaa goob barakeysan oo beelaha ''Isaaq'' iyo Eidagalleh ay u adeegsadeen dhaarista, heshiisiinta iyo xallinta khilaafaadka. Beesha Ciidagale, oo ka mid ah hogaamiyeyaasha dhaqanka, ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaadatay maamulka goobtan barakeysan.Gaar ahaan, goobtan waxaa miisaan weyn ku lahaa Salaadiinta iyo Ugaasyada dhaqanka. Beelaha si gaar ah uga qayb qaatay ilaalinta sharafta iyo shaqada goobta barakeysan ee Aw Barkhadle waxaa ka mid ahayd beesha Ciidagale. Ciidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen geesinimadooda dagaal iyo hibadooda suugaaneed, waxayna sidoo kale hayeen xilka qiimaha badan ee ah dhexdhexaadiyeyaal iyo ilaalinayaal dhaqanka xeerka Soomaalida. Odayaasha la qadariyo ee beesha ayaa inta badan guddoomin jiray dhaarista heshiisyada iyo xallinta muranada lagu qabto Aw Barkhadle, si loo ilaaliyo heshiisyada loona sugo nabadda iyo wada noolaanshaha bulshada <blockquote>Marka la kulmo arrin adag oo saameynaysa beelaha Isaaq iyo Eidagaleh, waxaa la keenaa waraaq si gaar ah loo ilaaliyo oo yaalla qabriga, kuna saxiixan yahay Bilaal, addoonkii Khaliifadii hore. Dhaaro cusub ayaa lagu kala qaadayaa. Sannadkii 1846, waxa la keenay Berbera oo ay wateen beesha Ciidagale, halkaas oo beelaha Aala Axmed iyo Aala Yuusuf ku dhaarteen inay nabad ku noolaadaan.<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref></blockquote>Eidagale waxay si dhaqameed u lahaayeen doorka hoggaaminta gudaha iyo nabadeynta khilaafaadka, iyagoo lagu yaqaan xigmadda iyo kartida suugaanta. Xeer-beegti iyo gabyaa caan ah ayaa kasoo jeeda, waxaana ay adeegsadaan xeer-Soomaaliyeed, dood furan iyo gabayo si ay u xalliyaan ismaandhaafka. Duqeyda beesha waxay inta badan ahaayeen garsoorayaal dhexdhexaad ah marka ay colaado ka dhex qarxaan beelaha walaalaha ah. Aw Barkhadle ayaa mar walba ahayd goobta ugu sarreysa ee dhaar iyo heshiis lagu sameeyo. Hoggaamiyeyaasha Eidagale ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaari jiray dhexdhexaadinta khilaafaadka u dhexeeya beelaha—iyagoo noqday kuwa isku xira kooxaha is haya oo nabad ka dhex abuura. Mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu barakeysan ee heshiisyada nabadeed lagu gaari jiray wuxuu ahaa quduuska Aw Barkhadle, oo ku yaalla inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Hargeysa. Halkaas ayaa lagu dhaaran jiray, iyadoo la isticmaalayo agab quduus ah, waxaana lagu xoojin jiray heshiisyo nabadeed oo waara—taasoo muujinaysa kaalinta ay Eidagale ku lahaayeen ilaalinta dhaqanka iyo sharciga.<blockquote>Xilliyada khatarta dibadda ah, sida soo galootiga gumaysiga ama dagaallada beelaha, Eidagale waxay si degdeg ah isu abaabuli jireen una midoobi jireen difaaca dhulkooda, iyagoo noqda ilaalayaasha deegaankooda. Dhaqankaas qotoda dheer ee hoggaaminta iyo dhexdhexaadinta waxaa si muuqata u matalayey halyeyaal sida Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria, kaasoo saameyn weyn ku lahaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad—wuxuuna astaan u ahaa sii socoshada awoodda Eidagale ee xagga maamulka dhaqanka iyo dhexdhexaadinta beelaha.</blockquote> Dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad, Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria wuxuu ka soo dhex baxay isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah madax-dhaqameedyadii ugu magaca dheeraa beesha Isaaq, gaar ahaan beesha Eidagale. Waxaa si weyn loogu xusuustaa xikmaddiisa iyo kartidiisa dhexdhexaadin, wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka qaatay xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta xeerka Soomaalida, iyo maareynta xiriirka lala lahaa gumaystihii Ingiriiska. Hoggaamintiisu waxay xoojisay nidaamka dhaqameed xilli ay jireen isbeddello siyaasadeed oo waaweyn. Maanta, dhaxalkiisii hoggaamineed si weyn ayaa looga xurmeynayaa guud ahaan Somaliland. [[File:Sultan Deria's Domain.jpg|thumb|An 1894 Italian map showing the domain of Sultan Deria in the Horn of Africa, illustrating the geographic extent of his influence during the colonial period.]] Eidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, waxaana weeraradoodii xoogga badnaa ay gaadhi jireen laga bilaabo xeebta ilaa gudaha dalka. Sida uu sheegay Carlos Swayne, oo dhex maray Somaliland dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, Eidagale waxay ka mid ahaayeen beelaha ugu jecel weerarada: <blockquote>“Beelaha ku dhow xeebta waqooyi ee ugu jecel weerarada waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin Habr Awal, Eidagale, iyo Habr Gerhajis.”<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 40.</ref></blockquote> Ciidagale waxay dhaqanka hore iyo kan weli jira u leeyihiin xidhashada toorayda wan, oo ah astaamo muujisa geesinimo, madaxnimo iyo qurux dhaqameed. Tooraydaasi oo qaab ahaan u eg golxadka cajiibka ah, ayaa lagu xidhnaa si sharaf leh, gaar ahaan xilliyada bandhigyada dhaqanka, shirarka dhaqameed iyo munaasibadaha lagu maamuuso hidaha iyo hal-adayga. Xidhashada tooraydu waxay ahayd astaan tilmaamaysa in qofku yahay nin masuul ah, lehna anshaxa iyo edebta dhaqanka Soomaalida.Intaa waxaa dheer, tooraydu ma ahayn oo keliya qurux iyo sharaf lagu muujiyo, balse waxay ahayd hub lagu difaaco nafta iyo bulshada, gaar ahaan marka la joogo duruufo ad-adag oo u baahan feejignaan iyo geesinimo. Marka laga soo tago xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, Eidagale sidoo kale waxay caan ku yihiin fasahaaddooda suugaanta dhaqanka Soomaalida, gaar ahaan gabayga. Waxay soo saareen gabayaaal caan ah sida Xasan Tarabi iyo Elmi Boodhari. Taariikh ahaan, Eidagale waxaa beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed u aqoonsanaayeen khubaro suugaanta gabayga:<ref>Diriye, p. 75.</ref> <blockquote> “Beelaha Soomaaliyeed dhexdeeda, Eidagale waxaa lagu yaqaan khubarnimada tirinta gabayada. Hal gabyaa oo ka tirsan Eidagale laga yaabee inuusan ka heer sarreyn gabyaa wanaagsan oo beel kale ah, laakiin Eidagale waxay u muuqdaan inay gabyaaal badan ka jiraan marka loo eego beelaha kale. ‘Haddii aad halkaan keento boqol nin oo Eidagale ah,’ ayuu ii sheegay Hersi Jaamac, ‘oo aad waydiiso kee gabaygiisa tirin kara, sagaashan iyo shan baa tirin kara. Inta kale weli way baranayaan.’”<ref>Laurance, Margaret. A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref></blockquote> [[File:HargeisaCloseup1885.png|thumb|250px|Close-up of an 1885 Royal Geographical Society map, showing Hargeisa (Harrer-es-Sagheer) as well as the Eidagale subtribe (Eed-a-galleh) residing within and around the town. The Naasa Hablood hills (Nas Hubla) can also be seen in the map.<ref>Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.</ref>]] Qarnigyo badan, beesha Eidagale waxay door muhiim ah ku lahayd ganacsigii geela ee fog ee Soomaaliyeed. Ganacsatada Eidagale waxay ka soo heli jireen agabyo kala duwan gobolka Soomaalida ee dhulka hadda loo yaqaan Itoobiya, sida xoolaha, malmalka (acacia gum), muxurta (myrrh), iyo subagga, kuwaas oo markii dambe loo dhoofin jiray Koonfurta Carabta. Ganacsatada karavaanka ee Eidagale waxay aasaaseen xarumo ganacsi oo muhiim ah gudaha dalka, kuwaas oo ay ka mid tahay magaalada casriga ah ee Hargeysa, taasoo la aasaasay qarnigii 19aad, kana ahayd meel isgoys ah oo u dhexeysa Berbera iyo gudaha Soomaalida.Hargeysa waxaa asal ahaan loo aasaasay bartamaha qarnigii 19aad si ay u noqoto xarun karavaan oo xiriirisa Berbera iyo gudaha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of African Languages|date=1963|publisher=University of Michigan Press|pages=27|language=english}}</ref><ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 96.</ref> Qayb dhownaata oo laga qaaday khariidaddii 1885 ee ay daabacday Royal Geographical Society ayaa si cad u muujinaysa joogitaanka dhuleed ee beesha Eidagale. Khariidaddu waxay calaamadaynaysaa magaalada Hargeysa (oo ku qoran ''Harrer-es-Sagheer''), iyadoo beesha Eidagale loogu yeedhay ''Eed-a-galleh'' kuna muujisan inay deggan yihiin gudaha iyo nawaaxiga deegaankaas. Buuraleyda Naasa Hablood, oo khariidadda lagu qoray ''Nas Hubla'', sidoo kale waa lagu sawiray, taasoo xoojinaysa isku xirka juqraafiyeed iyo dhaqan ee beesha Eidagale ee gobolkaasi.<ref>Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Eidagale waxaa si weyn loogu yaqaannaa xirfaddooda suugaanta, gaar ahaan gabayga, kaas oo kaalin weyn ku leh aqoonsigooda iyo dhaqankooda. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa dad xigmadda iyo hadal-fasahaadda ku caan baxay, iyagoo gabayga u adeegsada sidii ay u xafidi lahaayeen taariikhda, u gudbin lahaayeen qiimaha bulsheed, una xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka. Waxaa hadal caan ah oo laga dhex maqlo odhanaya: "Nin aan gabayn karin weli ma dhalan." Tani waxay muujinaysaa sida gabaygu uga yahay laf-dhabar aqoonta iyo wada-noolaanshaha bulshada Eidagale.</blockquote> Eidagale waxay dhaqanka hore iyo kan weli jira u leeyihiin xidhashada toorayda wan, oo ah astaamo muujisa geesinimo, madaxnimo iyo qurux dhaqameed. Tooraydaasi oo qaab ahaan u eg golxadka cajiibka ah, ayaa lagu xidhnaa si sharaf leh, gaar ahaan xilliyada bandhigyada dhaqanka, shirarka dhaqameed iyo munaasibadaha lagu maamuuso hidaha iyo hal-adayga. Xidhashada tooraydu waxay ahayd astaan tilmaamaysa in qofku yahay nin masuul ah, lehna anshaxa iyo edebta dhaqanka Soomaalida.Intaa waxaa dheer, tooraydu ma ahayn oo keliya qurux iyo sharaf lagu muujiyo, balse waxay ahayd hub lagu difaaco nafta iyo bulshada, gaar ahaan marka la joogo duruufo ad-adag oo u baahan feejignaan iyo geesinimo. Marka laga soo tago hidda-sugaaneedkooda, beesha Eidagale waxay sidoo kale caan ku yihiin xirfadda xoolo-dhaqatada, gaar ahaan dhaqashada geela, oo ah tiirka ugu weyn ee dhaqaalahooda iyo noloshooda reer guuraanimada. Geelu wuxuu leeyahay qiimo weyn, wuxuuna astaan u yahay hanti, sharaf, iyo adkaysi. Khibraddooda dheer ee ku saabsan dhaqashada iyo daryeelka geela waxay ka tarjumaysaa aqoon jiilal badan soo jirtay, taasoo ka dhigaysa dad si heer sare ah u yaqaan sida loo ilaaliyo loona kobciyo xoolaha. Isku dhafka suugaantooda afka ah iyo xirfaddooda xoolo-dhaqatada ayaa ah labada tiir ee ugu waaweyn ee dhaxalka dhaqameed ee beesha Eidagale—waa hiddo soo jireen ah oo qoto dheer leh, taasoo weli si xooggan u qeexaysa aqoonsigooda jiilba jiil. An image illustrating 19th-century trade: Beesha Eidagale waxay si weyn ugaga qayb qaadatay ganacsiga guud ee geela iyo agabka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka. Karavaannadii ka yimid gudaha gudaha ayaa halkan ku degi jiray, iyagoo ka ganacsan jiray muxur, malmal, subag iyo xoolo, taasoo Berbera ka dhigtay xarun ganacsi oo istiraatiiji ah oo u xiriiriya gudaha iyo suuqyada caalamiga ah. <blockquote>Soomaalida beesha Eidagale ayaa ka yimaada Ogaadeen iyagoo wata baallo, muxur, malmal, ari, lo’, iyo subag; beddelkeedna waxay ka qaataan dhar jumlo ah. Xilligiiba afar jeer ayay safarradan samaynayaan. Ma joogaan wax ka badan hal bil, intay joogaanna waxay la deggan yihiin reerahooda, cunadoodana waxay ku cunaan makhbaza, ama goobaha cuntada lagu wada cuno.<ref>Hunter, Frederick (1877). An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia*. Cengage Gale. p. 41.</ref></blockquote> ==Saltanate == Saldanadda Ciidagale waxay ka mid ahayd nidaamyadii ugu faca weynaa ee dhaqanka iyo hoggaanka bulshada ee ka jiray beesha Eidagele. Ciidagale, oo ka mid ah jilibyada waaweyn ee beesha, waxay lahayd hoggaan u gaar ah oo ku dhisnaa xeer, garsoor, iyo midnimo bulsho, kuwaas oo muddo qarniyo ah hagayay bulshada.Nidaamka Saldanaddu wuxuu ku shaqayn jiray hab-dhaqan Soomaaliyeed oo salka ku haya odaynimo, garaad, iyo wada-tashi. Suldaanada iyo ugaasyadu waxay ahaayeen dad lagu yaqaan caqli, hal-adayg, iyo karti hoggaamineed, kana shaqeeya ilaalinta nabadda, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo u doodista xuquuqda beesha. Saldanadda fawaynta ahayd ee qarniyo badan talinta soo haysay, ayaa asalkeedu dib ugu laabtaa qarnigii 17-aad, xilligii uu aasaasay ''Suldaan Guleed Cabdi Ciise'' — oo ahaa suldaanka guud ee beesha. Muddo dheer ayay saldanaddani ahayd tiir dhexe oo hoggaan, xeer iyo xasillooni u horseeda bulshada, waxaana magaceedu ku dhex lahaa sharaf, maamuus iyo miisaan dhaqan oo aan weli libdhin. Sidoo kale, hogaanka Abokor Muuse—oo ka tirsan faracyada waaweyn ee beesha Ciidagale—waxay leeyihiin taariikh dheer oo ku ladhan hoggaamin, halgan bulsho iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Qarnigii 15-aad iyo 16-aad, qaybo badan oo ka mid ah geedka qabiilka ayaa loo xusaa boqorro iyo ''ugaasyo'' ka soo jeeda Reerah iyo Qabiilada beesha Abokor Muuse, ku waas oo door muuqda ku lahaa difaaca bulshada, hagidda dhaqanka iyo ilaalinta nidaamka beesha. ==Clan tree== A summarized family tree of the Eidagalle Clan is presented below.<ref name="survey 147">Hunt, John A. (1951). A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950. Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2022). p. 147.</ref> *Daoud(Eidagalle) **[[Maxamed Daoud|Mohamed Daoud]] ***Egal Mohamed (Rer Cigal) ***Ali Mohamed (Rer Afwayne) ***Urkurag Mohamed ****Ali Urkurag *****Fiqi Sa'ad Ali *****Mahamoud Ali *****Ahmed Ali *****Ismail Ali ******Ali Ismail *******Osman Ali (Rer Osman) *******Jama Ali *******Geedi Ali (Rer Aw) *******Yonis Ali *******Ileiye Ali *******Hagga Ali *******Nuh Ali ********Ali Nuh *******Aden Ali ********Guled Aden ********Ali Aden *******Roble Ali (Rer Rooble) ********Hassan Roble *********Jibril Hassan **********Aden Jibril **********Mohamed Jibril *********Deria Hassan **********Mohamed Deria **********Hussein Deria ********Ali Roble *********Warfa Ali *********Farah Ali **********Hassan Farah *********Abdalle Ali *******Abdalle Ali ********Geedi Abdalle (Rer Geedi) ********Mohamed Abdalle (Rer Mohamed) **Abokor Daoud ***Bilaal Abokor ****Mohamed Bilal *****Egal Mohamed *****Hassan Mohamed *****Farah Mohamed *****Yusuf Mohamed *****Wais Mohamed *****Roble Mohamed *****Egal Mohamed *****Abdi Mohamed ******Geedi Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Mohamed Aden ******Hassan Abdi *****Abdalle Mohamed ******Samter Abdalle ******Hussein Abdalle ******Abane Abdalle ******Mohamed Abdalle ******Wais Abdalle ******Hasan Abdalle ***Isse Abokor ****Dualeh Isse *****Musa Dualeh *****Mohamed Dualeh *****Deria Duleh *****Egal Dualeh *****Essa Dualeh *****Roble Dualeh *****Samter Duleh *****Farah Dualeh ****Hassan Isse *****Afi Hassan *****Hujale Hassan *****Abar Hassan *****Yusuf Hassan *****Shire Hassan *****Mohamed Hassan *****Warfa Hassan *****Barre Hassan *****Egal Hassan *****Mohamed Hassan ***Abokor Muuse ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman fatah *************Gled (Wardon) Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samter Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Suldan Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Mohamed Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wais Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ***************Ali kalil ****************Said Ali ****************Koshin Ali ****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Wais Aden ****************Benin Aden ****************Nur Aden ****************Muse Aden ****************Samter Aden ****************Abdalle Aden ****************Jama Aden ****************Eileie Adan ****************Barre Aden ****************Ibrahim Aden ****************Khalaf Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali *****************Jama Hussien *****************Nour Hussein *****************Farah Hussien *****************Wa'ays Hussein *****************Hersi Hussien ******************Muhumad Hersi ******************Abdi Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aidid Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab ******************Dahir Gallab ******************Wais Gallab ******************Ali Gallab ******************Jama Gallab ******************Roble Gallab ******************Abdi Gallab ******************Yusuf Gallab ******************Farah Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed ********************Ismail Dhible ********************Egal Dhible *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarer) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali ***Abdirahman Muuse ****Yonis Abdiraham *****Aden Yonis *****Ismail Yonis *****Ugadh Yonis *****Mohamed Yonis ****Abdalle Abdirahman *****Mohamed Abdalle (Bah Daylo) ******Gadid Mohamed ******Abdalle Mohamed ******Loge Mohamed ****Ibrahim Abdalle *****Kulul Ibrahim *****Abdi Ibrahim (Abdi Dheeri) ******Burale Abdi ******Qabile Abdi ******Hildiid Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Hersi Abdi *****Abokor Ibrahim ******Idileh Abokor (Rer Iidleh) *******Ismail Iidle *******Bare Iidle ******Hussein Abokor Matan (Gashaabuur) *******Roble Matan *******Hamud Matan *******Aden Matan *******Damal Aden ********Gabdon Dhamal (Rer Gabdoon) ********Hode Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Deria Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Gabib Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Fatah Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Essa Dhamal *********Aden Isse *********Warfa Isse *********Guled Isse *********Liban Isse (Rer Liibaan) *********Hassan Isse (Rer Hassan Isse) *********Abdi Isse **********Mohamed Abdi **********Farah Abdi **********Eiye Abdi **********Warsame Abdi **********Sugulle Abdi **********Aninanshe Abdi **********Amare Abdi **********Ileiye Afwayne Abdi **********Dualeh (Samter) Abdi **********Wais Abdi **********Rage Abdi **********Abdalle Abdi **********Aden Abdi ( Rer Aden) **********Abdi Bari (Abdi Bari) **********Guled Abdi (Rer Guleed) ==Notable figures== * Abdillahi Deria – Prominent anti-colonial fighter * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of Horn of Africa charity Organization, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – was a prominent Somali Scholar, vocalist, poet, and military leader. * Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader, with strong tie to SAF. * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship. * Hassan Guure Jamac * Abdikarim Mohamed Eid * Abwaan Dheeg * Idiris Haji Cisman Gurey * Siyasi Ali Mohamed Ibrahim (Ali Sanyare) * Hussein M. Adam|Hussein Mohammed Adam (Tanzania) – foremost Somali intellectual and scholar who founded the Somali Studies International Association (SSIA) * Abwan Qawdhan Dualeh * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Hajji Abdi Hussein Yusuf (Abdi Warabe)– Respected Somali elder and Guurti member, known for his wisdom and role in peacebuilding and traditional leadership. * Khadra Dahir Cige – popular Somali singer * Suldaan Sakariye Suldan Mohamed S.C/laahi (Galaal) *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed , a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Jama Mohamed Ghalib – served as speaker of the Somali Parliament during the Somali Republic's early civilian administration, between 1960 and 1964 * Mahamed Abdiqadir – 8th grand sultan of the Isaaq * Ismail Mahmud Hurre – former foreign minister of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, between 2000-2002 and 2006–2007 * Hussein Ali Mahamado – Activist And Founder Ina-Guuxa Foundation * Jama Asker –Activist And Politician * Abwan Ali Mooge Geedi Egal * Abdishakur Dayib – Prominent Journalist * Sucad Ibrahim Abdi – Politician and Activist * Fadumo faysal Ali – The founder and CEO of Hoiwa Oy * Daud Mahamed – the ninth and current grand sultan of the Isaaq Sultanate. * Abdi Bidhaan Dahir – Journalist * Abwan Muse Ali Farur * Abwan Coloaad Qorane – Poet and Member of Federal Parliament of Somalia * Mahid Guled - Former prime minister of Somalia * Bihi Egeh –Minister of Finance of Somalia * Hussein Arab Isse – former deputy prime minister and minister of defence of Somalia, between 2011 and 2012 * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Dir]] ==References== r5loy9i5cwh8i1k7w1nka8h7sizkexn 0 42854 297846 295016 2026-05-26T02:06:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sophie Charlotte | image = 2024-07-02 Prêmio APCA 2024, 005 (Sophie Charlotte).jpg | caption = Charlotte sanadka 2024 | birth_name = Sophie Charlotte Wolf da Silva | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|4|29|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Hamburg]], [[Jarmalka Galbeed]] | occupation = Jilaa | spouse = {{marriage|[[Daniel de Oliveira (actor)|Daniel de Oliveira]]|2015|2024|reason=div}} | children = 1 | years_active = 2004–hada }} '''Sophie Charlotte Wolf da Silva''' ( Hamburg , Abriil 29 , 1989 ) waa jilaa Jarmal iyo Brazil ah , heesaa , qoob ka ciyaar iyo moodel . Waxay ku guulaysatay abaalmarino dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Abaalmarinta APCA , Internet Trophy , Bandhiga Filimada Brazil ee Los Angeles iyo Bandhiga Filimada Brazil ee Miami , sidoo kale waxaa loo magacaabay abaalmarino muhiim ah sida Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro , Bandhiga Filimada Gramado , Bandhiga Filimada Rio International iyo Imprensa Trophy . ==Xirfad== Waxay shaqadeeda talefishin ku bilowday muuqaalo yar yar sanadii 2004tii Malhação iyada oo ardayad ah oo aadaysa guriga ardayda si ay sawir ula gasho Rafa Kadib, sida Azaléia, dabeecad jecel Malhação (xilliga 12aad) ka dibna Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo ee 2006 iyo, isla sanadkaas, waxay ku biirtay kabka opera saabuunta Páginas da Vida Sannadkii 2007 waxay sumcad ku heshay markay ciyaareysay Angelina, jilaagii xilli ciyaareedkii shan iyo tobnaad ee opera saabuunta dhallinta Malhação . Sannadka soo socda, waxaa lagu martiqaaday qoraa Walcyr Carrasco si ay ugu biiraan jilayaasha Caras & Bocas , taas oo ay ku ciyaartay Vanessa. [[Ficheiro:Sophie_Charlotte_001.jpg|thumb|Sophie Charlotte intii lagu jiray Carnival Rio de Janeiro (2011)]] Sannadkii 2010, waxay ku soo noqotay hawada dib-u-samaynta Ti Ti Ti oo ay la socoto sharkii ugu horreeyay , Stéfany Oliveira. Sannadkii 2011, Sophie waxay ka qayb qaadatay opera saabuunta sagaalka saac , Fina Estampa , oo uu qoray Aguinaldo Silva . Waxay ciyaartay Maria Amália, gabadha halyeeyga Griselda, oo ay ciyaartay Lília Cabral . Dabeecaddeedu waxay ahayd walaashii dabeecadda Quinzé, oo uu ciyaaray Malvino Salvador . Sannadkii 2012 ayay wax ka jishay barnaamijka As Brasileiras , iyada oo mar kale la jishay saaxiibkeed Malvino Salvador ee A Sambista da BR-116 . Sannadka soo socda, waxay ku soo noqotay riwaayadaha saabuunta ee Sangue Bom , halkaas oo ay ku ciyaartay mid ka mid ah jilayaasha, gabadha Amora Campana, oo ah dabeecad leh hawo xun. Sidoo kale 2013, waxay jishay filimkeedii ugu horreeyay, Serra Pelada . 2014, waxaa loo tuuray inay ku ciyaarto jilaaga Duda ee dib u samaynta O Rebu . Sidoo kale 2014, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay jilitaanka Babilônia , doorka dhilleysiga raaxada , oo ku noolaa colaad hooyadeed, oo ay ku ciyaarto Adriana Esteves . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, opera-ka saabuuntu waxay lahayd qiimaynta dhagaystayaasha oo aad u hoosaysa sababtoo ah diidmada shirqoolka, dabeecaduna waxay ahayd in ay gebi ahaanba beddesho muuqaalkeeda, iyada oo aan noqon dhillo oo ay noqoto gabadh dhallinyaro ah. 2017, ka dib markii ay dhammaysay fasaxa umusha ee ilmaheedii ugu horeeyay Daniel de Oliveira , waxay ku soo noqotay telefishinka sida Alice, oo ah jilaagii superseries Os Dias Eram Assim , halkaas oo ay la dhaqantay ninkeeda. Qorshaha, Alice, oo ah gabadha taageere ka mid ah kalitaliska milatari , ayaa ku lug leh xagjirka Renato ( Renato Goes ), laakiin, u maleynaya inuu dhintay ka dib markii uu been ka sheegay aabaheed, wuxuu guursaday dabeecadda Daniel. Sannadka soo socda waxay la ciyaartay Leona, saaxiibtiis ee protagonist Dante ( Cauã Reymond ), xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay ee Ilha de Ferro . Sannadkii 2021, waxa ay xiddig ka gashay wasaaradda Passaporte para Liberdade iyada oo ah Aracy de Carvalho , oo ah madaxa waaxda baasaboorka ee safaaradda Brazil ee Nazi-ga Jarmalka , kaas oo fududeeyay in Yuhuud tiro badan ay u baxsadaan Brazil . Aracy waxa guursaday qoraaga Guimarães Rosa , oo uu matalo Rodrigo Lombardi . 2022, waxay ku jishay Globoplay telenovela asalka ah ee labaad , Todas as Flores . Taxanaha, waxa ay ciyaartay Maira, oo ah cadar araga naafada ka ah oo wajaheysa caqabada la tacaalida qoys aan shaqaynayn oo sun ah. Wax qabadkeeda Mayra ahaan, Sophie waxay ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta 2023 APCA Award ee Jilaaga Telefishanka ugu Fiican. Bishii Maarso 2023, waxay jishay filimka muuqaalka ah ee O Rio do Desejo , oo ah Anaíra. Bishii Sebtembar ee isla sanadkaas, waxaa lagu arki karaa ma aha oo kaliya shaleemada qaranka, filimka taariikh nololeedka Meu Nome É Gal - oo ciyaaraya jilaageeda, fannaanka caanka ah ee Gal Costa -, laakiin sidoo kale caalami ahaan, iyada oo ka qayb qaadatay filimka muuqaalka ah ee Killer , oo uu hagayo David Fincher . Sannadka soo socda, 2024, waxay ku soo noqotay hawl-wadeennada saabuunta oo ah hammi hore oo Eliana, oo ka soo horjeeda dib-u-samaynta Renascer ; Qorshaha, Eliana wuxuu ku nool yahay guur aan degganeyn José Venâncio ( Rodrigo Simas ), oo ah wiilka protagonist José Inocêncio ( Marcos Palmeira ) iyo, marka la raadinayo qoyskiisa, wuxuu bilaabay arrin adag oo uu la leeyahay Damião ( Xamã ), hitman iyo Inocêncio's gacanta midig. Xumaanteeda waxaa loo tixgeliyey mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee opera-ka saabuunta, Sophie waxay ammaan ka heshay daawadayaasha iyo dhaleeceeyayaasha waxqabadkeeda. 2025, waxaa loo xaqiijiyay inay tahay jilaagii Três Graças , 9pm opera saabuun ah, iyadoo dib u bilaabaysa iskaashigeedii Aguinaldo Silva 14 sano kadib Fina Estampa . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Waxay ku dhalatay Hamburg , iyadu waa gabadha timo-jaraha Brazil José Mário da Silva, oo u dhashay Pará , iyo cilmiga bayoolajiga Jarmal Renate Elisabeth Charlotte Wolf (ama Renate Wolf Silva). Waxay leedahay walaal, Ângelo Wolf da Silva. Waalidkeed waxay ku kulmeen oo ku guursadeen Jarmalka , markii aabbaheed uu dalka ku baranayay timo-jarista Markii ay jirtay toddobo sano, waxay u timid inay ku noolaato Brazil Markii ay da'deedu ahayd 19, waxay ka tagtay guriga waalidkeed ee Niterói waxayna aaday inay ku noolaato Rio de Janeiro, iyada oo la wadaagaysa kirada guri saaxiibkeed Carolinie Figueiredo Iyadu waa ballerina lagu tababaray ballet-ka qadiimiga ah , jazz iyo tuubada Intii lagu guda jiray duubista filimka Malhação , Sophie waxay la kulantay Aktarka Caio Castro , kaasoo ay shukaansaneysay muddo seddex bilood ah Sannadkii 2010, Sophie waxay bilawday inay shukaansato Aktarka Malvino Salvador , kaasoo ay la jishay Caras & Bocas . Sanad ka dib, way kala tageen, laakiin waxay dib u bilaabeen xiriirkooda bilo ka dib Bishii Sebtembar 2013, Malvino's publicist ayaa xaqiijiyay dhamaadka xiriirka, kaas oo socday saddex sano. Bishii Maajo 2014, Sophie waxay xiriir la bilowday jilaa Daniel de Oliveira iyo December 6, 2015, waxay ku guursadeen Niterói Sannadkii 2016, waxay dhaleen ilmahoodii ugu horreeyay, Otto Bishii Abriil 2024, dhammaadka guurka ayaa lagu dhawaaqay siddeed sano oo midow ah ka dib Bishii Luulyo 2024, waxay bilawday inay shukaansato heesaa iyo jilaa Xamã , lammaaneheeda jacayl ee opera saabuunta Renascer ; xiriirku wuxuu socday ilaa Febraayo 2025, markii labadooduba ay ku dhawaaqeen inay si nabad ah u kala tageen. Bishii Maajo isla sanadkaas, Xamã ayaa xaqiijisay dib u soo celinta xiriirka iyada oo loo marayo qoraal uu soo dhigay Instagram-ka. ==Filmography== ===Filmography=== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Sannadka ! Ciwaanka ! Doorka ! Xusuusin |- | 2004 || ''[[Malhação]]'' || Student || Minor role |- | 2005 || ''[[Malhação]]'' || Azaléia|| Guest star |- | 2006 || ''[[Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (2001 TV series)|Sítio do Picapau Amarelo]]'' || [[Cinderella]]|| Guest star |- | 2006 || ''[[Páginas da Vida]]'' || Joyce|| Guest star |- | 2007–2009 || ''[[Malhação]]'' || Angelina Maciel || Lead role |- | 2009 || ''[[Caras & Bocas]]'' || Vanessa Barros Ferreira "Vanessinha" || Co-star |- | 2010 || ''[[Ti Ti Ti (2010 TV series)|Ti Ti Ti]]'' || Stéfany Oliveira || Antagonist |- | 2011 || ''[[Fina Estampa]]'' || Maria Amália da Silva Pereira|| Co-star |- | 2012 || ''[[As Brasileiras]]'' || Esplendor || Episode: "A Sambista da BR-116" |- | 2013 || ''[[Sangue Bom]]'' || Amora Campana || Antagonist |- |2014 |''Serra Pelada: A Saga do Ouro'' |Tereza<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paraná |first=Redação Bem |date=2014-01-20 |title=Serra Pelada terá cenas extras em exibição na TV |url=https://www.bemparana.com.br/televisao-e-gente/serra-pelada-tera-cenas-extras-em-exibicao-na-tv/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Bem Paraná |language=pt-BR}}</ref> | |- | 2014 || ''[[Doce de Mãe (TV series)|Doce de Mãe]]''|| Ritinha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mudaram de time? Fernando e Roberto querem 'ficar' com Ritinha |url=https://gshow.globo.com/programas/doce-de-mae/O-Programa/noticia/2014/03/mudaram-de-time-fernando-e-roberto-querem-ficar-com-ritinha.html |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Doce de mãe |language=pt-br}}</ref>|| Guest role |- | 2014 || ''[[O Rebu]]''|| Maria Eduarda Mahler "Duda" || Lead role |- | 2015 || ''[[Babilônia (telenovela)|Babilônia]]''|| Alice Junqueira Rangel || Lead role |- | 2017 || ''[[Os Dias Eram Assim]]''|| Alice Sampaio Pereira || Lead role |- | 2018–2019 || ''[[Ilha de Ferro]]''|| Leona Domingues || |- | 2020 || ''[[Todas as Mulheres do Mundo (TV series)|Todas as Mulheres do Mundo]]''|| Maria Alice<ref>{{Cite web |last=REDAÇÃO |date=2019-07-17 |title=Em série da Globo, Sophie Charlotte ganha papel que já foi de Leila Diniz |url=https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/televisao/em-serie-da-globo-sophie-charlotte-ganha-papel-que-ja-foi-de-leila-diniz-28215 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Notícias da TV |language=pt-BR}}</ref>|| |- | 2021 || ''[[Passport to Freedom]]''|| [[Aracy de Carvalho]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Opinião - Zapping - Cristina Padiglione: Série sobre Aracy Guimarães Rosa irá ao ar em dias atípicos |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/colunistas/cristina-padiglione/2021/11/serie-sobre-aracy-guimaraes-rosa-ira-ao-ar-em-dias-atipicos.shtml |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=F5 |language=pt-BR}}</ref>|| Lead role |- | 2022–2023 || ''[[Todas as Flores]]''|| Maíra Valente da Cruz || Lead role |- | 2024 || ''[[Renascer (2024 TV series)|Renascer]]'' || Eliana Vieira<ref>{{cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=Renascer: confira elenco e personagens das duas versões da novela |url=https://gshow.globo.com/novelas/renascer/noticia/renascer-confira-elenco-e-personagens-das-duas-versoes-da-novela.ghtml |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=gshow |language=pt}}</ref> || |} ===Filim=== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Sannadka ! Ciwaanka ! Doorka |- | 2013 || ''[[Serra Pelada (film)|Serra Pelada]]'' || Thereza |- |2016 || ''Reza a Lenda'' || Severina |- |2016 | ''[[Barata Ribeiro, 716]]'' || Gilda |- |2016 | ''Tamo Junto'' || Júlia |- |2023 |''O Rio do Desejo'' |Anaíra |- |2023 || ''Meu nome é Gal'' || [[Gal Costa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/verso/meu-nome-e-gal-filme-sobre-gal-costa-tem-sophie-charlotte-como-protagonista-e-estreia-em-2023-1.3298843 |title= 'Meu nome é Gal': filme sobre Gal Costa tem Sophie Charlotte como protagonista e estreia em 2023 |date=9 November 2022|website=[[Diário do Nordeste]] |access-date=2022-11-09 | language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |2023 | ''[[The Killer (2023 film)|The Killer]]'' || Magdala |- |2025 |''Virgínia e Adelaide'' |Adelaide Koch<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-15 |title=Virgínia e Adelaide: cartaz de filme com atriz do DF foi bordado a mão {{!}} Metrópoles |url=https://www.metropoles.com/entretenimento/cinema/virginia-e-adelaide |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.metropoles.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |} ===Muuqaal Muusikada=== {| class="wikitable" !Sannadka !Heesta !Fanaanka |- |2017 |''Respeita'' |Ana Cañas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ana Cañas reúne time de mulheres maravilhosas para falar sobre violência de gênero em clipe |url=http://www.hypeness.com.br/2017/05/ana-canas-reune-time-de-mulheres-maravilhosas-para-falar-sobre-violencia-de-genero-em-novo-clipe-assista/ |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |access-date=2025-10-13 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729204607/https://www.hypeness.com.br/2017/05/ana-canas-reune-time-de-mulheres-maravilhosas-para-falar-sobre-violencia-de-genero-em-novo-clipe-assista/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |2018 |''Maria, Maria'' |[[Milton Nascimento]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-21 |title=Camila Pitanga e Zezé Motta estrelam clipe de 'Maria, Maria' 40 anos após lançamento de música |url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/noticia/2018/09/21/camila-pitanga-e-zeze-motta-estrelam-clipe-de-maria-maria-40-anos-apos-lancamento-de-musica.ghtml |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> |} ==Marxalada== {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Ciyaar !! Doorka |- |2008|| ''O Apocalipse'' |God's Assistant |- |2009 || ''Confissões de Adolescente'' |Sophie<ref>{{cite web |format=[[HTML]] |access-date=11 July 2011 |date=3 August 2009 |language=pt |publisher=EGO |title=Sophie Charlotte integra novo elenco de 'Confissões de Adolescentes' |url=http://ego.globo.com/Gente/Noticias/0,,MUL1253521-9798,00-SOPHIE+CHARLOTTE+INTEGRA+NOVO+ELENCO+DE+CONFISSOES+DE+ADOLESCENTES.html |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=31 Bisha Tobnaad 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031090406/http://ego.globo.com/Gente/Noticias/0%2C%2CMUL1253521-9798%2C00-SOPHIE%20CHARLOTTE%20INTEGRA%20NOVO%20ELENCO%20DE%20CONFISSOES%20DE%20ADOLESCENTES.html |dead-url=yes }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |- |} ==Sawir-qaadis== ===Heesta=== {| class="wikitable" !Sannadka !Ciwaanka !Fanaaniin kale !Albumka |- |2017 |''Aos Nossos Filhos'' |[[Gabriel Leone]], [[Daniel de Oliveira (actor)|Daniel de Oliveira]], Renato Góes and [[Maria Casadevall]] | rowspan="1" align="center" |''[[Os Dias Eram Assim#Música|Os Dias Eram Assim: Trilha Sonora]]''<ref name="aosnossosfilhos">{{cite web|access-date=1 October 2023 |date=17 April 2017 |publisher=Gshow |title=Vídeo mostra Sophie Charlotte, Gabriel Leone e elenco de 'Os Dias Eram Assim' em gravação de música da abertura |url=https://gshow.globo.com/Bastidores/noticia/sophie-charlotte-renato-goes-e-maria-casadevall-gravam-musica-de-abertura-de-os-dias-eram-assim.ghtml}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |- |2020 |''[[Carinhoso]]'' |Emilio Dantas | rowspan="1" align="center" |''[[Todas as Mulheres do Mundo (TV series)|Todas as Mulheres do Mundo: Trilha Sonora]]''<ref>{{cite web|access-date=1 October 2023 |date=17 April 2020 |publisher=G1 |title=Cantoras dominam, ao som de 'Carinhoso', trilha da série 'Todas as mulheres do mundo' |url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/blog/mauro-ferreira/post/2020/04/17/cantoras-dominam-ao-som-de-carinhoso-trilha-da-serie-todas-as-mulheres-do-mundo.ghtml}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |- |2022 |''As Rosas Não Falam'' |[[Letícia Colin]] | rowspan="1" align="center" |''[[Todas as Flores#Soundtrack|Todas as Flores: Trilha Sonora]]{{Broken anchor|date=2025-02-02|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Todas as Flores#Música|reason= }}''<ref name="asrosas">{{cite web|access-date=30 September 2021 |date=29 September 2022 |publisher=G1 |title=Sophie Charlotte e Letícia Colin gravam 'As rosas não falam', de Cartola, para abertura da novela 'Todas as flores' |url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/blog/mauro-ferreira/post/2022/09/29/sophie-charlotte-e-leticia-colin-gravam-as-rosas-nao-falam-de-cartola-para-abertura-da-novela-todas-as-flores.ghtml}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |- |2025 |''Antes de Carnavalizar'' |Matheus VK |''Coragem é Coisa Rara''<ref>{{Cite web |last=@MaisBrasil |date=2025-01-24 |title=Antes de Carnavalizar - Matheus VK e Sophie Charlotte |url=https://portalmaisbrasil.com.br/antes-de-carnavalizar-metheus-vk-e-sophie-charlotte/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Portal Mais Brasil |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |} ==Abaalmarinta iyo magacaabista== {| class="wikitable" !Sannadka !Xaflada !Qaybta !Shaqo la magacaabay !Natiijada |- |2008 |Melhores do UOL e PopTevê<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2022-12-23 |date=22 December 2008 |publisher=Uol |title=Melhores do Ano UOL PopTevê; Escolha os melhores da TV em 2008 |url=http://televisao.uol.com.br/melhores-2008/#}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Newcomer Actress | rowspan="2" |{{center|''[[Malhação]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |2009 |Prêmio Contigo! de TV<ref>{{cite web|access-date=31 March 2017 |author=Bol |date=19 May 2009 |title=Conheça os indicados e vencedores do Prêmio Contigo! de TV 2009 |url=https://noticias.bol.uol.com.br/entretenimento/2009/05/19/ult950u1006.jhtm}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best New Actress |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Sociedade Brasileira de Odontologia Estética<ref>[http://odia.ig.com.br/portal/diversaoetv/sophie-charlotte-é-eleita-o-sorriso-do-ano-1.373177]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Smile of The Year | rowspan="4" |{{center|''[[Fina Estampa]]''}} |{{won}} |- |Prêmio Quem de Televisão<ref name="prêmio quem2011">{{cite web|access-date=2011-11-09 |title=Prêmio Quem 2011: Vote no seu favorito na categoria televisão |url=http://revistaquem.globo.com/Revista/Quem/0,,EMI277984-18515,00-PREMIO+QUEM+VOTE+NO+SEU+FAVORITO+NA+CATEGORIA+TELEVISAO.html}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Supporting Actress |{{nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |Prêmio Contigo! de TV |Best Supporting Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Meus Prêmios Nick]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-date=2012-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709021218/http://natelinha.uol.com.br/noticias/2012/07/05/nickelodeon-divulga-os-indicados-aos-meus-premios-nick-2012-120231.php |title=Natelinha |url=http://natelinha.uol.com.br/noticias/2012/07/05/nickelodeon-divulga-os-indicados-aos-meus-premios-nick-2012-120231.php}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Gata do Ano |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |[[Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Revista do Cinema Brasileiro, Entrevista na íntegra com Sophie Charlotte | website=[[YouTube]] | date=October 5, 2015 |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Vt3x0p3nbuI}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress |{{center|''[[Serra Pelada]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Extra de Televisão |[[Prêmio Extra de Televisão de melhor atriz|Best Actress]] | rowspan="6" |{{center|''[[Sangue Bom]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |Capricho Awards |Best National Actress |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |Restrospectiva UOL<ref>{{cite web|title=Retrospectiva: Vote nos melhores de 2013 |date=December 2, 2013 |url=http://televisao.uol.com.br/enquetes/2013/12/02/retrospectiva-eleja-os-melhores-de-2013.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Villain {{Small|(as Amora)}} |{{Nominated}} |- |Best Couple {{Small|(with [[Marco Pigossi]])}} |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="9" |2014 |Prêmio Quem de Televisão |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Contigo! de TV |Best Telenovela Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Academia Brasileira de Cinema - finalistas do Grand Prix 2014 |url=http://academiabrasileiradecinema.com.br/serra-pelada/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |archive-date=2014-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503004628/http://academiabrasileiradecinema.com.br/serra-pelada/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |Best Actress |{{center|''[[Serra Pelada]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Folha de S.Paulo|Prêmio F5]] |Actress Of The Year (Telenovela) | rowspan="7" |{{center|''[[O Rebu]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Quem de Televisão |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Melhores do Ano Drops Magazine<ref name="dropsmagazine.com.br">{{cite web|access-date=2014-12-09 |archive-date=2014-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213172449/http://www.dropsmagazine.com.br/2014/11/28/melhores-de-2014-na-televisao/ |title=Cópia arquivada |url=http://www.dropsmagazine.com.br/2014/11/28/melhores-de-2014-na-televisao/}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Actress (TV Series) |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |Jornal Diário Gaucho<ref>{{cite web|date=2014 |publisher=2014 |title=Jornal "Diário Gaúcho" - grupo clicRBS |url=https://tv-premiacoes-artisticas.webnode.page/pr%c3%aamios-nacionais/diario-gaucho/}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Interpretação surpreendente |{{won}} |- |Couple of The Year {{Small|(with [[Daniel de Oliveira (actor)|Daniel de Oliveira]])}} |{{won}} |- |Prêmio TV Foco<ref>{{cite web|access-date=15 January 2015 |title=Veja a lista dos vencedores do "Prêmio TV Foco 2014" |url=https://tv-premiacoes-artisticas.webnode.page/news/veja-a-lista-dos-vencedores-do-%22pr%c3%aamio-tv-foco-2014%22/ |website=TV Foco}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |Prêmio Contigo! de TV |Best Telenovela Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Meus Prêmios Nick]] |Gata do Ano |{{center|''[[Babilônia (telenovela)|Babilônia]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |2016 |Prêmio Canal Entreter<ref>{{cite web|title=veja-a-lista-dos-vencedores-do-premio-canal-entreter-2016 |url=https://tv-premiacoes-artisticas.webnode.com/news/veja-a-lista-dos-vencedores-do-premio-canal-entreter-2016/}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Cinema Actress | rowspan="2" |{{center|''Reza a Lenda''}} |{{won}} |- | rowspan="7" |2017 | rowspan="2" |[[Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=15 July 2017 |date=13 July 2017 |publisher=G1 |title=Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro 2017 anuncia indicados; veja a lista |url=http://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/cinema/noticia/grande-premio-do-cinema-brasileiro-2017-anuncia-indicados-veja-a-lista.ghtml}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Best Supporting Actress |{{center|''[[Barata Ribeiro, 716]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Prêmio Jovem Brasileiro]] |Best Young Actress | rowspan="7" |{{center|''[[Os Dias Eram Assim]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Melhores do Ano]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=3 December 2017 |title='Troféu Domingão 2017': vote nos seus artistas favoritos |date=November 5, 2017 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/programas/domingao-do-faustao/melhores-do-ano/2017/noticia/trofeu-domingao-2017-vote-nos-seus-artistas-favoritos.ghtml}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Miniseries/Series Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Contigo! Online<ref>{{cite web |format=[[HTML]] |access-date=7 December 2017 |date=7 December 2017 |language=pt |publisher=Contigo! |title=Vote no Prêmio Contigo! Online 2017 |url=http://contigo.uol.com.br/noticias/exclusivas/vote-no-premio-contigo-2017.phtml |archive-date=4 Bisha Afraad 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404195939/http://contigo.uol.com.br/noticias/exclusivas/vote-no-premio-contigo-2017.phtml |url-status=dead }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best TV Series Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Folha de S.Paulo|Prêmio F5]] |Best Miniseries or Series Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Melhores do Ano Minha Novela<ref>{{cite web|title=veja-a-lista-dos-vencedores-da-revista-minha-novela-2017 |url=https://tv-premiacoes-artisticas.webnode.com/news/veja-a-lista-dos-vencedores-da-revista-minha-novela-2017/}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Couple {{Small|(with Renato Góes)}} |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Troféu Internet<ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 January 2018 |title=As votações para o 'Troféu Internet de 2018' já estão no ar |url=http://www.tvabordo.com.br/2018/01/as-votacoes-para-o-trofeu-internet-2018-ja-estao-no-ar.html |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=18 Bisha Todobaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718030739/http://www.tvabordo.com.br/2018/01/as-votacoes-para-o-trofeu-internet-2018-ja-estao-no-ar.html |dead-url=yes }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Extra de Televisão<ref>{{cite web|title=premio-extra-de-tv-2017-vote-nos-melhores-da-televisao |url=https://extra.globo.com/tv-e-lazer/premio-extra-tv/premio-extra-de-tv-2017-vote-nos-melhores-da-televisao-rv2-2-22475596.html}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Telenovela Theme |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |SEC Awards<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 June 2020 |date=3 June 2020 |publisher=Series em Cena |title=Confira os indicados do "Séries em Cena Awards 2020" |url=https://seriesemcena.com.br/noticias/2020/06/confira-todos-os-indicados-do-series-em-cena-awards/}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best National Actress | rowspan="2" |{{center|''[[Todas as Mulheres do Mundo]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio The Brazilian Critic<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2020-12-05 |title=The Brazilian Critic 2020: indicados anunciados |url=https://www.thebraziliancritic.com/the-brazilian-critic-2020 |work=The Brazilian Critic |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130183537/https://www.thebraziliancritic.com/the-brazilian-critic-2020 |dead-url=yes }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series |{{Nominated}} |- |[[Festival de Gramado]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Entrega dos Kikitos | website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/live/jEuFo0Krp3U?feature=share}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Supporting Actress |{{center|''Um Animal Amarelo''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |2021 |[[Gshow|Retrô Gshow]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Retrô Gshow: relembre os memes que bombaram em 2021 e vote no seu preferido | date=December 15, 2021 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/tudo-mais/viralizou/noticia/retro-gshow-relembre-os-memes-que-bombaram-em-2021-e-vote-no-seu-preferido.ghtml?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=gshow&utm_term=votacao&utm_content=post-link}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Meme |{{center|''[[Ti Ti Ti (2010)|Ti Ti Ti]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |[[Gshow|Retrô Gshow]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=15 December 2022 |title=Retrô gshow: participe da retrospectiva de 2022 votando nos seus indicados favoritos! |url=https://gshow.globo.com/tudo-mais/pop/noticia/retro-gshow-participe-da-retrospectiva-de-2022-votando-nos-seus-indicados-favoritos.ghtml |website=Gshow|date=December 15, 2022 }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Telenovela Scene | rowspan="10" |{{center|''[[Todas as Flores]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |[[APCA Television Award]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 February 2023 |date=2 February 2023 |title=Saiu a lista de finalistas aos Melhores da TV em 2022 pela APCA |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/colunistas/cristina-padiglione/2023/02/saiu-a-lista-de-finalistas-aos-melhores-da-tv-em-2022-pela-apca.shtml |website=[[Folha de São Paulo]]}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="12" |2023 |[[IBest Award]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=23 March 2023 |publisher=iBest! |title=Prêmio iBest! - Influenciador Protagonista |url=https://app.premioibest.com/votacao/influenciador-protagonista}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Protagonist Influencer |{{Nominated}} |- |SEC Awards<ref>{{cite web |access-date=29 April 2023 |date=28 April 2023 |title=Conheça todos os indicados ao SEC Awards 2023 |url=https://secawards.seriesemcena.com.br/indicados-2023/ |work=Series em Cena |archive-date=28 Bisha Afraad 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428230740/https://secawards.seriesemcena.com.br/indicados-2023/ |url-status=dead }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best National Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Troféu AIB de Imprensa<ref>{{cite web |access-date=7 October 2023 |date=7 October 2023 |title=Rômulo Estrela, Sophie Charlotte, Hugo Gloss, G1, Profissão Repórter e Jornal Hoje são os vencedores do Troféu AIB de Imprensa 2023 |url=https://aibnews.com.br/romulo-estrela-sophie-charlotte-hugo-gloss-g1-profissao-reporter-e-jornal-hoje-sao-os-vencedores-do-trofeu-aib-de-imprensa-2023/ |work=AIB |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=15 Bisha Tobnaad 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015203026/https://aibnews.com.br/romulo-estrela-sophie-charlotte-hugo-gloss-g1-profissao-reporter-e-jornal-hoje-sao-os-vencedores-do-trofeu-aib-de-imprensa-2023/ |dead-url=yes }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress |{{won}} |- |Prêmio Noticiasdetv.com<ref>{{cite web|access-date=1 October 2023 |date=30 September 2023 |title=Prêmio Noticiasdetv.com: Escolha os Melhores do Ano na TV |url=https://noticiasdetv.com/2023/09/30/primeira-fase-premio-noticiasdetv-com-2023-escolha-os-melhores-do-ano-na-tv/ |work=noticiasdetv.com}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Protagonist Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Acervo Awards<ref>{{cite web|access-date=15 October 2023 |date=14 October 2023 |title=Acervo Awards: Atriz do Ano |url=https://portalacervo.com.br/enquete/102/atriz-do-ano |work=Portal Acervo}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Actress of The Year |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio ArteBlitz de Novela<ref>{{cite web |access-date=14 November 2023 |date=13 November 2023 |title=Conheça os indicados ao 1º Prêmio ArteBlitz de Novela |url=https://arteblitz.com/noticia/novelas/conheca-os-indicados-ao-1-premio-arteblitz-de-novela |work=ArteBlitz |archive-date=13 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113124548/https://arteblitz.com/noticia/novelas/conheca-os-indicados-ao-1-premio-arteblitz-de-novela |url-status=dead }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Protagonist Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Área VIP<ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 December 2023 |date=13 December 2023 |publisher=Área Vip |title=Prêmio Área VIP – Melhores da Mídia 2023 – VOTE! |url=https://www.areavip.com.br/premio/melhores-da-midia-2023/#google_vignette}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Character |{{Nominated}} |- |[[APCA Television Award]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=29 January 2024 |date=29 January 2024 |title=Sophie Charlotte ganha prêmio APCA de melhor atriz; 'Vai na Fé' é eleita melhor novela |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/televisao/2024/01/sophie-charlotte-ganha-premio-apca-de-melhor-atriz-vai-na-fe-e-eleita-melhor-novela.shtml |website=[[Folha de São Paulo]]}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress |{{won}} |- |[[Punta del Este|Festival Internacional de Cinema de Punta del Este]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=11 February 2023 |title=Exibição e prêmios no FestPunta 2023 |url=https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/arteagenda/exibi%C3%A7%C3%A3o-e-pr%C3%AAmios-no-festpunta-2023-1.985907 |website=Correio do Povo|date=February 11, 2023 }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress {{Small|(special recognition)}} |{{center|''O Rio do Desejo''}} |{{won}} |- |[[Los Angeles Brazilian Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=27 October 2023 |date=27 October 2023 |title="Nosso Sonho" é o grande vencedor do 16º Los Angeles Brazilian Film Festival |url=https://revistadecinema.com.br/2023/10/nosso-sonho-e-o-grande-vencedor-do-16o-los-angeles-brazilian-film-festival/ |work=Revista de Cinema}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Actress {{Small|(special recognition)}} |{{center|''Meu Nome é Gal'' and ''O Rio do Desejo''}} |{{won}} |- |[[Universo Online|Splash Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=18 November 2023 |date=18 November 2023 |publisher=Splash UOL |title=Splash Awards 2023: conheça os vencedores da premiação dos melhores do ano |url=https://www.uol.com.br/splash/noticias/2023/12/18/splash-awards-premiacao-dos-melhores-do-ano-acontece-hoje.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Best Performance In a National Film |{{center|''Meu Nome É Gal''}} |{{won}} |- |[[Veja (magazine)|Veja - Retrospectiva do Ano da Coluna GENTE]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=19 December 2023 |date=19 December 2023 |publisher=Veja |title=Os dois atores que se destacaram em 2023 – e quem quase chegou lá |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/os-dois-atores-que-se-destacaram-em-2023-e-quem-quase-chegou-la}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Actress of The Year |{{center|''[[Todas as Flores]]'' and ''Meu Nome É Gal''}} |{{won}} |- | rowspan="10" |2024 | rowspan="2" |Festival Sesc Melhores Filmes<ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 January 2024 |date=17 January 2024 |title=50° Festival Sesc Melhores Filmes: Melhor Atriz Nacional |url=https://melhoresfilmes.sescsp.org.br/votacao/?logado=1 |work=Melhores Filmes Sesc SP |archive-date=1 Bisha Labaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201173950/https://melhoresfilmes.sescsp.org.br/votacao/?logado=1 |url-status=dead }}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 April 2024 |date=3 April 2024 |title="Retratos Fantasmas" e "Mato Seco em Chamas" são os vencedores do 50º Festival Sesc Melhores Filmes |url=https://www.sescsp.org.br/retratos-fantasmas-e-mato-seco-em-chamas-sao-os-vencedores-do-50o-festival-sesc-melhores-filmes/ |work=Melhores Filmes Sesc SP}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | rowspan="2" |Best National Actress |{{center|''O Rio do Desejo''}} |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{center|''Meu Nome É Gal''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |Brazilian Film Festival of Miami<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sophie Charlotte encerra gravações de 'Renascer' e embarca sexta para festival de cinema na Flórida |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/cultura/gilberto-amendola/sophie-charlotte-encerra-gravacoes-de-renascer-e-embarca-sexta-para-festival-de-cinema-na-florida/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Estadão |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-08 |title=Sophie Charlotte ganha Prêmio Especial do Júri em Festival de Miami e dedica a Gal Costa |url=https://gshow.globo.com/cultura-pop/famosos/noticia/sophie-charlotte-ganha-premio-especial-do-juri-em-festival-de-miami-e-dedica-a-gal-costa.ghtml |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref> |Special Jury Prize |{{Won}} |- |[[IBest Award]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=22 April 2024 |publisher=iBest! |title=Prêmio iBest! - Protagonista Influenciador |url=https://app.premioibest.com/votacao/protagonista-influenciador}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Protagonist Influencer | rowspan="8" |{{center|''[[Renascer (2024 TV series)|Renascer]]''}} |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Gshow<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-26 |title=Prêmio gshow em Renascer: vote nos destaques da novela das 9 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/novelas/renascer/noticia/premio-gshow-em-renascer-vote-nos-destaques-da-novela-das-9.ghtml |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref> |Best Couple <small>(with [[Xamã]])</small> |{{Nominated}} |- |Prêmio Noticiasdetv.com<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-03 |title=Primeira Fase – Prêmio Noticiasdetv.com 2024: Escolha os Melhores do Ano na TV |url=https://noticiasdetv.com/2024/10/03/primeira-fase-premio-noticiasdetv-com-2024-escolha-os-melhores-do-ano-na-tv/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Noticiasdetv.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-04 |title=Confira o resultado da segunda fase do "Prêmio Noticiasdetv.com 2024" |url=https://noticiasdetv.com/2024/12/04/confira-o-resultado-da-segunda-fase-do-premio-noticiasdetv-com-2024/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Noticiasdetv.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |Best Antagonist Actress |{{Won}} |- |Melhores do Ano Natelinha<ref>{{Cite web |title=NaTelinha - Televisão, Notícias da TV, Novelas, Famosos, Audiência da TV, A Fazenda, Bastidores - Aqui você fica por dentro da TV |url=https://natelinha.uol.com.br/melhores-do-ano/votacao |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=NaTelinha |language=pt-br}}</ref> |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" |Prêmio F5<ref>{{Cite web |title=Confira os indicados ao Prêmio F5 e vote nos melhores do entretenimento em 2024 - 02/12/2024 - Prêmio F5 - F5 |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/premio-f5/2024/12/confira-os-indicados-ao-premio-f5-e-vote-nos-melhores-do-entretenimento-em-2024.shtml |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=f5.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref> |Sexiest of The Year |{{Nominated}} |- |Best Couple <small>(With [[Xamã]]</small>) |{{Nominated}} |- |Melhores do Ano - Duh Secco<ref>{{Cite web |last=Secco |first=Duh |date=2024-12-12 |title=Confira os indicados e vote nos Melhores do Ano 2024 |url=https://duhsecco.com.br/tv/confira-os-indicados-e-vote-nos-melhores-do-ano-2024/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Duh Secco |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |- |2025 |Troféu Imprensa<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-14 |title=Confira e vote nos indicados da segunda fase do "Troféu Internet" pelo site do SBT - Portal Making Of |url=https://portalmakingof.com.br/confira-e-vote-nos-indicados-da-segunda-fase-do-trofeu-internet-pelo-site-do-sbt/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214011311/https://portalmakingof.com.br/confira-e-vote-nos-indicados-da-segunda-fase-do-trofeu-internet-pelo-site-do-sbt/ |archive-date=February 14, 2025 }}</ref> |Best Actress |{{Pending}} |} Sophie Charlotte waxaa loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta 11-aad ee Contigo Award ee qaybta "Abaalmarinta Dumarka Cusub ee ugu Wanaagsan" shaqadeeda Angelina ee Malhação ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|Category:Sophie Charlotte|Sophie Charlotte}} [[imdbname:2410851|Sophie Charlotte]] c5f9adr2sgi3rdlt5206zn9gb47borh 0 42857 297839 288803 2026-05-25T23:41:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Alanis Guillen | image = AlanisGuillen2023.jpg | alt = | caption = Guillen sanadka 2023 | birth_name = Alanis Guillen Caratella | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|05|20|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Santo André, São Paulo|Santo André]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], Brazil | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = {{Hlist|Actress|model}} | website = | years_active = 2018–hada | spouse = | children = | notable_works = }} '''Alanis Guillen Caratella''' ( Bortuqiisku: [alɐˈnis ɡjˈleĩ kaɾaˈtɛlɐ] ; ku dhashay 20 May 1998) waa jilaa reer [[Brazil]] ah iyo moodel ==Taariikh nololeedka== Alanis Guillen Caratella, waxa uu dhashay May 20, 1998, waa gabadha hooyadeed naqshadeeye iyo injineer iyo aabbe muusik. Waxay bilawday shaqadeeda iyada oo ka qaybqaadanaysa xayaysiisyada iyada oo caruur ah, iyada oo lagu shaqaaleysiiyay noocyo ay ka mid yihiin Nestlé , Marisa, Nextel iyo Mercado Livre . Dabadeed, iyadoo dhallinyar ah, waxay qaadatay koorsooyin masraxa iyo qoob ka ciyaarka oo bilaash ah, ka dibna waxay ka qalin jabisay fanka. Kullankeedii ugu horreeyay ee telefishinka wuxuu dhacay da'da 21, iyada oo ah jilaagii Rita ee Malhação: Toda Forma de Amar , oo la soo bandhigay 2019 iyo 2020. 2021, waxaa loo doortay inay ku ciyaarto jilaha Juma Marruá, ee la qabsiga telenovela Pantanal , oo uu soo saaray TV Globo . U diyaargarowgeeda doorka waxay ku lug lahayd daraasad qadiimi ah , daraasad miiska, beddelka caadooyinka, Kung Fu dhaqanka, casharrada fuulista, casharrada prosody, iyo waxqabadyo kale. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Alanis waxa ay isu cadeeysay in ay tahay nin dumar ah oo ay sheegtay in aanay jeclayn calaamadaha sida heterosexual ama bisexual , iyada oo door bida in ay "isku xidhid dadka". Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadu waa u dhaqdhaqaaqe deegaanka waxayna isticmaashay Instagram si ay u dhaleecayso dawladda Jair Bolsonaro iyo faashiistaha . Iyadu waa orodyahan hiwaayad ah, oo si joogto ah ugu tababarta Muay Thai . Baraha bulshada ayay aktarada ku faafisay qoraallo ay ku ammaanayso haweeneyda iyo dumarnimadeeda. "Haweenka ha noolaadaan iyo tamarta dheddigga ee qof walba ku jira," ayay ku qortay ciwaanka muuqaal ay ka muuqato mid ku dayanaya mas, oo la daabacay November 2020 Alanis wuxuu leeyahay galmo dareere ah . ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Sannadka !Ciwaanka !Doorka !Xusuusin |- |2019–2020 |''[[Malhação|Malhação: Toda Forma de Amar]]'' |Rita Gomes Moraes<ref>{{cite web |access-date=7 March 2019 |publisher=Notícias de TV |title=Giulia Bertolli será filha de Roger Gobeth na nova temporada de Malhação |date=11 February 2019 |url=https://noticiasdetv.com/2019/02/11/giulia-bertolli-sera-filha-de-roger-gobeth-em-malhacao-toda-forma-de-amar/}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Season 27 |- |2022 |''[[Pantanal (2022 TV series)|Pantanal]]'' |Juma Marruá<ref name="imprensa">{{cite web |date=2021-09-20 |title=Alanis Guillen será Juma na nova versão de Pantanal |url=https://imprensa.globo.com/publicacoes/alanis-guillen-sera-juma-na-nova-versao-de-pantanal-1/ |website=Globo Imprensa}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | |- |2024–2025 |''[[Mania de Você]]'' |Michele dos Santos Nogueira<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-04-19 |date=2024-03-28 |language=pt-BR |title=Sucesso como Juma em 'Pantanal', Alanis Guillen volta à Globo em próxima novela das nove |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/televisao/2024/03/sucesso-como-juma-em-pantanal-alanis-guillen-volta-a-globo-em-proxima-novela-das-nove.shtml |website=F5}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | |- |2025 |''Vermelho Sangue'' |Flora<ref>{{cite web |access-date=30 November 2023 |date=27 November 2023 |publisher=O Globo |title=Veja a primeira foto de 'Espécie invasora', série de Rosane Svartman e Claudia Sardinha que tem Alanis Guillen no elenco |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/play/series/noticia/2023/11/27/veja-a-primeira-foto-de-especie-invasora-serie-de-rosane-svartman-e-claudia-sardinha-que-tem-alanis-guillen-no-elenco.ghtml}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | |} === Film === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Sannadka !Ciwaanka !Doorka !Xusuusin |- |2018 |''Ser O Que Se É'' |Marta's friend |Short film |- |2023 |''Diário de Uma Onça'' |Narrator<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alanis Guillen narra documentário sobre onças-pintadas |date=28 November 2023 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/tudo-mais/noticia/alanis-guillen-narra-documentario-sobre-oncas-pintadas.ghtml}}</ref> |Documentary |} ==Abaalmarinta iyo magacaabista== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !Abaalmarinta !Sannadka !Qaybta !Shaqada !Natiijooyinka !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="2" |Prêmio Contigo! Online | rowspan="2" |2019 |TV Revelation |''Malhação: Toda Forma de Amar'' |{{Nominated}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://contigo.uol.com.br/noticias/exclusivas/premio-contigo-online-2019-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores.phtml | trans-title= | url-status=dead | title=Prêmio Contigo! Online 2019 - Veja a lista completa dos vencedores | last=Contigo! | first=Redação | author-link= | format= | series= | volume= | issue= | editor= | publisher= | agency= | location= | page= | pages= | date=2020-01-13 | access-date=2021-10-27 | language=pt-br | doi= | id= | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114021846/https://contigo.uol.com.br/noticias/exclusivas/premio-contigo-online-2019-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores.phtml | archive-date=2020-01-14 | quote= | chapter= | issn= | isbn= | type= | editor-last= | editor-first= | website=Contigo! }}</ref> |- |Best Romantic Couple |Rita and Filipe {{small|(with Pedro Novaes)}} |{{Nominated}} |- |[[2022 MTV MIAW Awards Brazil|MTV Millennial Awards]] | rowspan="16" |2022 |Watched for You | rowspan="21" |''[[Pantanal (2022 TV series)|Pantanal]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-23 |title=Confira as categorias e indicados do MTV Miaw 2022 |url=https://istoe.com.br/confira-as-categorias-e-indicados-do-mtv-miaw-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=ISTOÉ Independente |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Prêmio Jovem Brasileiro |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title=Prêmio Jovem Brasileiro |url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/entretenimento/premio-jovem-brasileiro/pjb-2024 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.band.uol.com.br |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Prêmio Geração Glamour |Revelation Actress |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=Geração Glamour 2022 Máxima Potência: conheça as premiadas da edição |url=https://glamour.globo.com/geracao-glamour/noticia/2022/10/geracao-glamour-2022-maxima-potencia-conheca-as-premiadas-da-edicao.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Glamour |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Prêmio Men of the Year Brasil |Women of the Year |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=MOTY 2022 une as tribos dos esportes, da cultura e da moda |url=https://gq.globo.com/men-of-the-year/noticia/2022/11/moty-2022-une-esportes-cultura-moda.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=GQ |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Capricho Awards |National Artist of the Year (Cinema and TV) |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=CH Awards: Veja os indicados e vote nos destaques do ano de 2022 |url=https://capricho.abril.com.br/entretenimento/ch-awards-veja-os-indicados-e-vote-nos-destaques-do-ano-de-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Capricho |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CH Awards 2022: confira a lista completa de vencedores |url=https://capricho.abril.com.br/entretenimento/ch-awards-2022-confira-a-lista-completa-de-vencedores/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Capricho |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Prêmio Notíciasdetv.com |Best Revelation Actress |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Segunda Fase – Prêmio Noticiasdetv.com 2022: Escolha os Melhores do Ano na TV |url=https://noticiasdetv.com/2022/11/01/segunda-fase-premio-noticiasdetv-com-2022-escolha-os-melhores-do-ano-na-tv/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Noticiasdetv.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Melhores do Ano NaTelinha |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NaTelinha - Televisão, Notícias da TV, Novelas, Famosos, Audiência da TV, A Fazenda, Bastidores - Aqui você fica por dentro da TV |url=https://natelinha.uol.com.br/melhores-do-ano/votacao |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=NaTelinha |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Acervo Awards |Actress of the Year |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite news |last=@AcervoCharts |first=ACERVO {{!}} |title=Acervo Awards 2022: Veja a lista completa dos vencedores |url=https://portalacervo.com.br/noticia/2135/acervo-awards-2022-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413015031/https://portalacervo.com.br/noticia/2135/acervo-awards-2022-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores |archive-date=2023-04-13 |access-date=2025-02-01 |work=ACERVO {{!}} @AcervoCharts |language=pt-BR |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |dead-url=no }}</ref> |- |[[Melhores do Ano]] |Best Telenovela Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-27 |title=Melhores do Ano: vote e veja a lista oficial dos indicados ao prêmio em 2022 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/tv/domingao-com-huck/melhores-do-ano/2022/noticia/melhores-do-ano-vote-e-veja-a-lista-oficial-dos-indicados-ao-premio-em-2022.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Romano |first=André |date=2022-12-19 |title=Confira quem são os vencedores do Troféu Domingão Melhores do Ano 2022 |url=https://observatoriodatv.com.br/colunas/andre-romano/confira-quem-sao-os-vencedores-do-trofeu-domingao-melhores-do-ano-2022 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=observatoriodatv.com.br |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |BreakTudo Awards |National Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=EldoGomes.com.br |first=Editores {{!}} |date=2022-11-25 |title=BreakTudo Awards 2022: Juliette, Felipe Neto, BTS, Luan Santana e Blackpink são maiores os vencedores do ano |url=https://www.eldogomes.com.br/breaktudo-awards-2022-juliette-felipe-neto-bts-luan-santana-e-blackpink-sao-maiores-os-vencedores-do-ano/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Blog Eldo Gomes |language=pt-BR |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2025-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121060839/https://www.eldogomes.com.br/breaktudo-awards-2022-juliette-felipe-neto-bts-luan-santana-e-blackpink-sao-maiores-os-vencedores-do-ano/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |Prêmio Contigo! Online |Best Telenovela Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Contigo! |first=Redação |title=PRÊMIO CONTIGO! 2022: Confira a lista completa dos indicados |url=https://contigo.com.br/noticias/premio-contigo-online/premio-contigo-2022-confira-lista-completa-com-os-indicados.phtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Contigo! |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Assumpção |first=Gustavo |title=PRÊMIO CONTIGO! 2022: Confira a lista completa dos vencedores |url=https://contigo.com.br/noticias/premio-contigo-online/premio-contigo-2022-confira-lista-completa-dos-vencedores.phtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Contigo! |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Melhores do Ano AnaMaria |Actress of the Year |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melhores do Ano AnaMaria: Quem foi a atriz do ano em 2022? |url=https://anamaria.uol.com.br/noticias/programacao-da-tv/melhores-do-ano-anamaria-quem-foi-atriz-do-ano-em-2022.phtml |url-status=dead |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |access-date=2025-10-13 |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619033729/https://anamaria.uol.com.br/noticias/programacao-da-tv/melhores-do-ano-anamaria-quem-foi-atriz-do-ano-em-2022.phtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |Splash Awards |Best Performance |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Splash Awards: veja lista dos melhores nomes do entretenimento de 2022 |url=https://www.uol.com.br/splash/noticias/2022/12/14/splash-awards-2022.amp.htm |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.uol.com.br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TV, cinema, reality, séries: quais os vencedores do Splash Awards 2022? - 19/12/2022 - UOL Splash |url=https://www.uol.com.br/splash/noticias/2022/12/19/tv-cinema-reality-series-quais-os-vencedores-do-splash-awards-2022.amp.htm |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.uol.com.br}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Prêmio Área VIP |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Wandreza |date=2023-01-14 |title=Prêmio Área VIP - Melhores da Mídia 2022 – VOTE! |url=https://www.areavip.com.br/premio/melhores-da-midia-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Área VIP |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Redação |date=2023-01-18 |title=Confira os Vencedores do "Prêmio Área VIP – Melhores da Mídia 2022" |url=https://www.areavip.com.br/premio/vencedores-premio-area-vip-melhores-da-midia-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Área VIP |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Best Character (as Juma Marruá) |{{Nominated}} |- |Poc Awards |Actress (Popular Vote) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.gay.blog.br |date=2022-12-24 |title=🏆 Conheça os vencedores do troféu ~Poc Awards 2022~ |url=https://gay.blog.br/poc-awards/conheca-os-vencedores-do-trofeu-poc-awards-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=GAY BLOG BR @gayblogbr |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Troféu Internet | rowspan="5" |2023 |Best Revelation |{{Pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revelação (novos artistas. Quem você acha que mais se destacou no ano de 2022)? |url=https://www.sbt.com.br/especiais/trofeu-internet#votacao |url-status=dead |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.sbt.com.br |archive-date=2022-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104134405/https://www.sbt.com.br/especiais/trofeu-internet#votacao }}</ref> |- |[[IBest Award]] |Protagonist Influencer |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prêmio iBest {{!}} O Prêmio e Guia do Universo Digital |url=https://app.premioibest.com/votacao/influenciador-protagonista |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325214833/https://app.premioibest.com/votacao/influenciador-protagonista |archive-date=2023-03-25 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Prêmio iBest 2021 |language=pt-br |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |dead-url=no }}</ref> |- |Prêmio Faz Diferença |She |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-01 |title=Prêmio Faz Diferença 2022: as finalistas na categoria Ela |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/premio-faz-diferenca/noticia/2023/04/premio-faz-diferenca-2022-as-finalistas-na-categoria-ela.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=O Globo |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |SEC Awards |Featured on TV |{{Pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=CM |first=Redação |date=2023-05-03 |title=SEC Awards 2023: confira lista de indicados e como votar na premiação deste ano |url=https://conexaomagazine.com.br/sec-awards-2023-confira-lista-de-indicados-e-como-votar-na-premiacao-deste-ano/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Conexão Magazine |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Septimius Awards Festival |Best American Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=Alanis Guillen é indicada a prêmio internacional por sua atuação como Juma, em Pantanal |url=https://gshow.globo.com/cultura-pop/famosos/noticia/alanis-guillen-e-indicada-a-premio-internacional-por-sua-atuacao-como-juma-em-pantanal.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref> |} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|Category:Alanis Guillen|Alanis Guillen}} [[imdbname:10824672|Alanis Guillen]]<nowiki/>oo jooga IMDb n0nsaarn2z7nll0qslg02nx69bpebr1 0 43416 297834 297818 2026-05-25T13:01:45Z Muuse8 36079 297834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. <br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Jama Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Wais Shirdon ***************Farah Shirdon ***************Roble Shirdon ***************Samter Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon ***************Guled Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden *****************Wais Benin *****************Muse Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Nour Benin *****************Ahmed Benin ****************Nour Adan *****************Barre Nour *****************Guled Nour ****************Ali Aden *****************Mohamed Ali *****************Hussein Ali *****************Ibrahim Ali *****************Khalaf Ali ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden *****************Wais Aden *****************Roble Aden *****************Shire Aden *****************Hassan Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien ******************Nour Hussein ******************Roble Hussien ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Samter Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *******************Egal Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Ziyad Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Hassan Munin ******************Farah Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Ahmed Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail ******************Wais Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi ******************Warfa Hersi ******************Elmi Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dahir Gabal ******************Ahmed Gabal ******************Warfa Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie ********************Abdalle Deria *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Arrale Sharmake *******************Mohamed Sharmaae *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Ziyad Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************Roble Ali ********************Osman Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Cadawe Muuse **Aden Muuse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi (Addeh) ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan (Rer Ladon) **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed (Rer Geedi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Ali Hildiid **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Siad Jibril **Wa'eys Siad **Abdalle Siad *kalil jibril **Ali kalil ***Siad Ali ***Koshin Ali ***Arale Ali ***Osman Ali ***Boqorre Ali *Saeed jibril **Abdi Said ***Abdalle Abdi ***Roble Abdi *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) **Benin Aden **Nour Aden **Ali Aden **Aden Aden *Abdi Jibril **Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***Hussein Ali ***Mumin Ali ***Naleye Ali **Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***Ismail Nour ***Gabal Nour ***Hersi Nour ***Mohamed Nour **Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) **Abdille Abdi ***Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ****Ismail Gallab ****Asker Gallab ***Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ****Gulled Eiye ****Sharmake Eiye ***Mohamed Abdille ****Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Daroor]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. *Waa mida labaad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan Beesha * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan as4z7gtdzaqs6j1pzvjm4cqu5g64nri 297836 297834 2026-05-25T15:00:33Z Muuse8 36079 297836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. <br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Jama Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Wais Shirdon ***************Farah Shirdon ***************Roble Shirdon ***************Samter Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon ***************Guled Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden *****************Wais Benin *****************Muse Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Nour Benin *****************Ahmed Benin ****************Nour Adan *****************Barre Nour *****************Guled Nour ****************Ali Aden *****************Mohamed Ali *****************Hussein Ali *****************Ibrahim Ali *****************Khalaf Ali ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden *****************Wais Aden *****************Abdille Aden *****************Roble Aden *****************Shire Aden *****************Hassan Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien ******************Nour Hussein ******************Roble Hussien ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Samter Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *******************Egal Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Ziyad Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Hassan Munin ******************Farah Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Ahmed Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail ******************Wais Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi ******************Warfa Hersi ******************Elmi Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dahir Gabal ******************Ahmed Gabal ******************Warfa Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie ********************Abdalle Deria *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Arrale Sharmake *******************Mohamed Sharmaae *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Ziyad Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************Roble Ali ********************Osman Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Cadawe Muuse **Aden Muuse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi (Addeh) ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan (Rer Ladon) **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed (Rer Geedi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Ali Hildiid **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Siad Jibril **Wa'eys Siad **Abdalle Siad *kalil jibril **Ali kalil ***Siad Ali ***Koshin Ali ***Arale Ali ***Osman Ali ***Boqorre Ali *Saeed jibril **Abdi Said ***Abdalle Abdi ***Roble Abdi *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) **Benin Aden **Nour Aden **Ali Aden **Aden Aden *Abdi Jibril **Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***Hussein Ali ***Mumin Ali ***Naleye Ali **Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***Ismail Nour ***Gabal Nour ***Hersi Nour ***Mohamed Nour **Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) **Abdille Abdi ***Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ****Ismail Gallab ****Asker Gallab ***Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ****Gulled Eiye ****Sharmake Eiye ***Mohamed Abdille ****Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Daroor]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. *Waa mida labaad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan Beesha * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan t7exodgx6berl73ngfjgqjka2zqsugo 297837 297836 2026-05-25T15:02:11Z Muuse8 36079 297837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. <br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Jama Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Wais Shirdon ***************Farah Shirdon ***************Roble Shirdon ***************Samter Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon ***************Guled Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden *****************Wais Benin *****************Muse Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Nour Benin *****************Ahmed Benin ****************Nour Adan *****************Barre Nour *****************Guled Nour ****************Ali Aden *****************Mohamed Ali *****************Hussein Ali *****************Ibrahim Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Khalaf Ali ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden *****************Wais Aden *****************Abdille Aden *****************Roble Aden *****************Shire Aden *****************Hassan Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien ******************Nour Hussein ******************Roble Hussien ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Samter Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *******************Egal Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Ziyad Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Hassan Munin ******************Farah Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Ahmed Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail ******************Wais Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi ******************Warfa Hersi ******************Elmi Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dahir Gabal ******************Ahmed Gabal ******************Warfa Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie ********************Abdalle Deria *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Arrale Sharmake *******************Mohamed Sharmaae *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Ziyad Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************Roble Ali ********************Osman Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Cadawe Muuse **Aden Muuse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi (Addeh) ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan (Rer Ladon) **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed (Rer Geedi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Ali Hildiid **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Siad Jibril **Wa'eys Siad **Abdalle Siad *kalil jibril **Ali kalil ***Siad Ali ***Koshin Ali ***Arale Ali ***Osman Ali ***Boqorre Ali *Saeed jibril **Abdi Said ***Abdalle Abdi ***Roble Abdi *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) **Benin Aden **Nour Aden **Ali Aden **Aden Aden *Abdi Jibril **Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***Hussein Ali ***Mumin Ali ***Naleye Ali **Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***Ismail Nour ***Gabal Nour ***Hersi Nour ***Mohamed Nour **Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) **Abdille Abdi ***Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ****Ismail Gallab ****Asker Gallab ***Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ****Gulled Eiye ****Sharmake Eiye ***Mohamed Abdille ****Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Daroor]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. *Waa mida labaad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan Beesha * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan 5df6dvab2dccbt87mvh43ga7hpwjju1 297847 297837 2026-05-26T07:03:59Z Muuse8 36079 297847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. <br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Jama Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Wais Shirdon ***************Farah Shirdon ***************Roble Shirdon ***************Samter Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon ***************Guled Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden *****************Wais Benin *****************Muse Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Nour Benin *****************Ahmed Benin ****************Nour Adan *****************Barre Nour *****************Guled Nour ****************Ali Aden *****************Mohamed Ali *****************Hussein Ali *****************Ibrahim Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Khalaf Ali ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden *****************Wais Aden *****************Abdille Aden *****************Roble Aden *****************Shire Aden *****************Hassan Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien ******************Nour Hussein ******************Roble Hussien ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Samter Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *******************Egal Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Ziyad Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Hassan Munin ******************Farah Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Ahmed Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail ******************Wais Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi ******************Warfa Hersi ******************Elmi Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dahir Gabal ******************Ahmed Gabal ******************Warfa Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Abdille Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie ********************Abdalle Deria *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Arrale Sharmake *******************Mohamed Sharmaae *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Ziyad Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************Roble Ali ********************Osman Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Cadawe Muuse **Aden Muuse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi (Addeh) ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan (Rer Ladon) **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed (Rer Geedi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Ali Hildiid **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Siad Jibril **Wa'eys Siad **Abdalle Siad *kalil jibril **Ali kalil ***Siad Ali ***Koshin Ali ***Arale Ali ***Osman Ali ***Boqorre Ali *Saeed jibril **Abdi Said ***Abdalle Abdi ***Roble Abdi *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) **Benin Aden **Nour Aden **Ali Aden **Aden Aden *Abdi Jibril **Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***Hussein Ali ***Mumin Ali ***Naleye Ali **Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***Ismail Nour ***Gabal Nour ***Hersi Nour ***Mohamed Nour **Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) **Abdille Abdi ***Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ****Ismail Gallab ****Asker Gallab ***Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ****Gulled Eiye ****Sharmake Eiye ***Mohamed Abdille ****Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Daroor]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. *Waa mida labaad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan Beesha * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan lzt5xks55av7nl89qr45ul8vyyipkj6 297848 297847 2026-05-26T07:05:39Z Muuse8 36079 297848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. <br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Jama Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Wais Shirdon ***************Farah Shirdon ***************Roble Shirdon ***************Samter Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon ***************Guled Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden *****************Wais Benin *****************Muse Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Nour Benin *****************Ahmed Benin ****************Nour Adan *****************Barre Nour *****************Guled Nour ****************Ali Aden *****************Mohamed Ali *****************Hussein Ali *****************Ibrahim Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Khalaf Ali ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden *****************Wais Aden *****************Abdille Aden *****************Roble Aden *****************Shire Aden *****************Hassan Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien ******************Nour Hussein ******************Roble Hussien ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Samter Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *******************Egal Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Ziyad Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Hassan Munin ******************Farah Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Ahmed Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail ******************Wais Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi ******************Warfa Hersi ******************Elmi Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dahir Gabal ******************Ahmed Gabal ******************Warfa Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Musa Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Abdille Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie ********************Abdalle Deria *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Arrale Sharmake *******************Mohamed Sharmaae *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Ziyad Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Abdille Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************Roble Ali ********************Osman Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Cadawe Muuse **Aden Muuse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi (Addeh) ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan (Rer Ladon) **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed (Rer Geedi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Ali Hildiid **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Siad Jibril **Wa'eys Siad **Abdalle Siad *kalil jibril **Ali kalil ***Siad Ali ***Koshin Ali ***Arale Ali ***Osman Ali ***Boqorre Ali *Saeed jibril **Abdi Said ***Abdalle Abdi ***Roble Abdi *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) **Benin Aden **Nour Aden **Ali Aden **Aden Aden *Abdi Jibril **Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***Hussein Ali ***Mumin Ali ***Naleye Ali **Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***Ismail Nour ***Gabal Nour ***Hersi Nour ***Mohamed Nour **Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) **Abdille Abdi ***Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ****Ismail Gallab ****Asker Gallab ***Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ****Gulled Eiye ****Sharmake Eiye ***Mohamed Abdille ****Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Daroor]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. *Waa mida labaad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan Beesha * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan 47gx5m404rlng68t3jvcg7cbrhns9ld 0 45290 297845 291083 2026-05-26T01:55:17Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1965}} | birth_place = Dakar, Senegal | nationality = Beninese | alma_mater = l'École des beaux-arts Saint-Luc | known_for = Warbaahin badan | notable_works = Le Code Noir; Xiriirka Maqan. Waxbarashada Dicolonisation oo ay qortay Mrs Smiling Stone; Daryeelka }} '''Pélagie Gbaguidi''' (wuxuu dhashay 1965) waa farshaxan yahan warbaahineed oo badan oo reer Benin ah oo ku nool kana shaqeeya Brussels Gbaguidi wuxuu iskiis u aqoonsaday inuu yahay griot casri ah , iyada oo adeegsanaysa dhexdhexaadinteeda faneed si ay u abuurto qaybo la xidhiidha gumeysiga iyo taariikhda gumeysiga ka dib, dhaawacyada, iyo dib u habeynta sheekooyinka, khibradaha, iyo aqoonsiga kuwaas oo la iska indhatiray dhaxalka taariikhiga ah. Shaqadeeda waxaa lagu soo daray ururinta joogtada ah ee machadyada dhaqanka sida xarunta Mémorial ACTe ee Guadeloupe , Illinois Holocaust Museum & Xarunta Waxbarashada Chicago , Casa África ee Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Artothèque ee Saint Denis de la Réunion , Mu.ZEE ee Belgium Center Pompidou - iyo ==Taariikh nololeedka== Gbaguidi waxa uu ku dhashay Dakar 1965. Waxa ay fanka ku baratay Liège , Belgium, ee l'École des beaux-arts Saint-Luc, waxaanay ka qalin jabisay 1995. ==Tixraac== [https://kanal.brussels/en/inventaire/pelagie-gbaguidi-0 "Pélagie Gbaguidi"] {{Wayback|url=https://kanal.brussels/en/inventaire/pelagie-gbaguidi-0 |date=20250222025545 }} [https://www.muzee.be/nl/collectie-1/icon-in-progress-map "Astaanta Horumarka - Maabka"] [https://ocula.com/magazine/conversations/pelagie-gbaguidi/ "Pélagie Gbaguidi: Jidhka sida Kaydka"] i581lxdukrg517s0xhayzazg3u50lio 0 45922 297844 293036 2026-05-26T01:38:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 297844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Lola Shoneyin | honorific_suffix = | image = Lola Shoneyin-1311.jpg | caption = Lola Shoneyin sanadkii 2015 | birth_name = Titilola Atinuke Alexandrah Shoneyin | birth_date = {{Birth date|1974|02|26|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], [[Oyo State]], [[Nigeria]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1974|02|26|df=y}}--> | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | nationality = Nigerian/British | other_names = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Qoraa]] | years_active = | employer = | organization = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | television = | spouse = [[Olaokun Soyinka]] | partner = | children = | parents = | mother = Yetunde Shoneyin | father = Chief Tinuoye | relatives = Abraham Olayinka Okupe (awoowe) | family = 4 Children | awards = Qofka Suugaanta Sanadka - 2018 | website = {{URL|www.lolashoneyin.com}} }} '''Lola Shoneyin''' (oo ku dhalatay Titilola Atinuke Alexandrah Shoneyin ; 26 Febraayo 1974 magaalada Ibadan , Nayjeeriya ) waa gabyaa Nayjeeriya ah iyo qoraa oo billowday sheekadeedii ugu horreysay , Nolosha Qarsoon ee Xaasaska Baba Segi , UK bishii Maajo 2010 Shoneyin waxay sumcad ku yeelatay gabyaa tacabur leh, majaajillo ah oo hadal badan leh (badanaa lagu kala saaro qaabka dumarka), iyadoo daabacday saddex mug oo gabayo ah Qoraalkeedu wuxuu ka hadlayaa mowduucyo la xiriira galmada dumarka iyo dhibaatooyinka nolosha qoyska ee Afrika Bishii Abriil 2014 waxaa lagu magacaabay liiska Africa39 ee Hay Festival 's Africa39 oo ka kooban 39 qoraa oo Afrikaan ah oo ka hooseeya Saxaraha oo da'doodu ka yar tahay 40 sano oo leh karti iyo hibo ay ku qeexaan isbeddellada suugaanta Afrika Lola waxay ku guuleysatay Abaalmarinta PEN ee Ameerika iyo sidoo kale Abaalmarinta Ken Saro-Wiwa ee qoraal-qoraalka ee Nayjeeriya Waxay sidoo kale ku jirtay liiska Abaalmarinta Orange ee UK ee buuggeedii ugu horreeyay, Sirta Xaasaska Baba Segi , sanadkii 2010. Waxay ku nooshahay Lagos , Nigeria, halkaas oo ay ka abaabusho oo ay maamusho Bandhigga Farshaxanka iyo Buugga ee Aké ee sanadlaha ah Sannadkii 2017, waxaa loo magacaabay Qofka Suugaanta Afrika ee Sannadka ee Brittle Paper ==Taariikh Nololeed== Titilola Atinuke Alexandrah Shoneyin waxay ku dhalatay Ibadan , caasimadda Gobolka Oyo , koonfur-galbeed Nigeria , sanadkii 1974. Waa gabadha ugu yar lix carruur ah, waana gabadha kaliya. Waalidkeed, Chief Tinuoye Shoneyin iyo Mrs. Yetunde Shoneyin ( née Okupe), waa dad asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Gobolka Ogun . Shaqada Shoneyin waxaa si weyn u saameeyay nolosheeda, gaar ahaan waxay siisay agab ku saabsan guurka badan ee sheeko-xariireedkeedii ugu horreeyay; awoowgeed oo hooyadeed ah, Abraham Olayinka Okupe (1896-1976) wuxuu ahaa boqorkii dhaqanka ee Iperu Remo wuxuuna lahaa shan xaas. Wuxuu carshiga fuulay 1938 wuxuuna dhintay 1976. ==Tixraac== [http://www.publicfacesmagazine.com.ng/popular-nigerian-literary-icon-lola-shoneyin-clocks-45/ "Astaanta Suugaanta ee Nayjeeriya ee Caanka ah, Lola Shoneyin, Saacadaha 45"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.publicfacesmagazine.com.ng/popular-nigerian-literary-icon-lola-shoneyin-clocks-45/ |date=20200803150623 }} [https://moveee.co/2019-top-10-literary-curators-and-editors-from-africa-right-now/ "10ka Agaasime ee Suugaanta iyo Tifaftirayaasha ugu Sarreeya Afrika Hadda" ] {{Wayback|url=https://moveee.co/2019-top-10-literary-curators-and-editors-from-africa-right-now/ |date=20260106061154 }} c2hcwrr8y59qictbuylxje68gp0y4ew