Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Soomaaliland 0 1909 298429 298286 2026-06-11T05:15:27Z Muuse8 36079 298429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Qoraal dheer}} {{Infobox country |latd=9 |latm=33 |latNS=N |longd=44 |longm=03 |longEW=E |leader_name2 = Maxamed Cali Aw Cabdi |leader_name3 = Yaasiin Maxamed xiir faratoon |conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland</br>جَمْهورِيَدْدَ سومالِلَنْدْ |native_name = {{smaller|{{native name|en|Republic of Somaliland}}<ref>Name used in [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution/body_somaliland_constitution.htm#Heading The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland] and in [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf Somaliland Official Gazette]</ref><br />{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|<big>جمهورية صوماليلاند</big>}}|italic=no}}</big><br />{{smaller|''{{transl|ar|Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''}}}}<br/><ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.10.</ref> |image_flag = Flag of Somaliland.svg |image_coat = Emblem of Somaliland.svg |common_name = Somaliland |symbol_type = National emblem |national_motto = <br />{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|[[Shahaadah|<big>لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله</big>]]}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasūlu-llāhi''<br />{{small|"[[Shahadah|Ilaah ma jiro Alle mooye; Muxammed waa rasuulka Alle]]"}} |national_anthem = <br />{{lang|so|''[[Samo ku waar]]''}}<br />{{small|''Long life with peace''}}<br /><center> {{center|[[File:Samo ku waar - Anthem of Somaliland (Instrumental).ogg]]}} |image_map = Somaliland (orthographic projection).svg |capital = [[Hargeysa]] |largest_city = [[Hargeysa]] |Portka = [[Berbera]] |official_languages = [[Af Soomaali]] |demonym = Somalilander |government_type = Madaxweynenimo leh [[Dastuurka Somaliland|Dastuur Jamhuuriya]] |leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Abdirahman Mohamed Abdulahi Cirro]]}} |leader_title2 = [[madaxwayne kuxigeen]] |leader_title3 = Gudoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada |legislature = Baarlamaanka Somaliland |upper_house = Golaha Guurtida Somaliland|Golaha Guurtida |lower_house = Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland|Golaha Wakiilada |established_event1 = Ku dhawaaqdey |sovereignty_type = Dowlada |sovereignty_note = iyo Awooda |established_event2 = Aqoonsiga |established_date1 = May 18, 1991 |established_date2 = Dal aan la aqoonsanayn<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Issue 270, 28 March 2016 |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2006/270/3.shtml |access-date=26 July 2016 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321062435/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2006/270/3.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |area_km2 = 137600 |area_sq_mi = 53100<ref>[http://somalilandgov.com/somaliland-geography/ Somaliland Geography, 28 March 2016]</ref> |percent_water = |population_estimate = 6,200,000<ref>REPORTER, I. (2012, September 18). As Somalia Struggles, Can Neighboring Somaliland Become East Africa's Next Big Commercial Hub? Retrieved December 26, 2015, from http://www.ibtimes.com/somalia-struggles-can-neighboring-somaliland-become-east-africas-next-big-commercial-1407582">[http://www.ibtimes.com/somalia-struggles-can-neighboring-somaliland-become-east-africas-next-big-commercial-1407582 As Somalia Struggles, Can Neighboring Somaliland Become East Africa's Next Big Commercial Hub?, International Business Times, 2013]</ref> |population_census = |population_estimate_year = 2024 |population_estimate_rank = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 25 |population_density_rank = |population_density_sq_mi = 66 |GDP_PPP = $3.782 Billion<ref>World Bank. ''[http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/01/29/new-world-bank-gdp-and-poerty-estimates-for-somaliland New World Bank GDP and Poverty Estimates for Somaliland]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' January 29, 2015. Accessed February 14, 2015.</ref> |GDP_PPP_year = 2022 |GDP = 3.2 Billion Dollars |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $852 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |HDI = |HDI_year = |HDI_rank = |currency = [[Somaliland shilling]] |currency_code = SSH |time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |utc_offset_DST = +3 |time_zone_DST = not observed |date_format = d/m/yy (AD|Anno Domini) |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+252]] {{small|(Somalia)}} |iso3166code = |cctld = |footnote_a = Qiimeynta aheyn sida Somaliland waa [aqoonsi diblomaasiyadeed [|<nowiki> Somaliland State]].</nowiki> |footnote_b =Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |HDI_category = }} '''Soomaaliland''' ([[Af Ingiriis]]: ''Somaliland''; [[Af Carabi]]: صوماليلاند , {{lang|ar|أرض الصومال|rtl=yes}} ''{{transl|ar|Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}''), si rasmi ah '''Soomaaliland''' ([[Af Ingiriis]]: ''Somaliland'', [[Af Carabi]]: صوماليلاند wuxuu xad la leedahay [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo maamulka [[Waqooyi Bari|Puntland]] [[Soomaaliya]]. Somaliland waa dhulkii [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Maxmiyada Ingiriis ee Somaliland ]] ee [[Ingiriis]] ku maamuli jiray . Waxay xornimadda ka qaatay Ingiriiska [[Juun]] [[26]] [[1960]]. 1 July 1960 kii waxay la midowday koonfurta Soomaaliya oo [[Talyaani|Talyaanigu]] guumeysan jiray.[[Magaalo|magaalada]] caasimada u ahi waa [[Hargaysa]]. [[Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur]] oo ahaan jirey Gudoomiyihii Ururkii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]], ayaa noqday madaxweynahii ugu horeeyay ee Somaliland. Waxaa ku xigey [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] noqdey Madaxweynihii Labaad ee Somaliland, waxaana ka danbeeyay [[Daahir Rayaale Kaahin]]. Kahina waxa ku xigay [[Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud (Siilaanyo)]]. Waxa ku xigay [[Muuse Biixi Cabdi]]. Waxa imika ah Madaxweynaha JSL Mudane Abdirahman Mohamed Abdulahi cirro Somaliland waxaa ka jira saddex xisbi siyaasadeed oo kala ah [[Kulmiye]], [[Wadani]] iyo KAAH. ==Taariikhda== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Taariikhda Somaliland]]'' Somaliland waa magac aad cusub marka la eego taariikhda uu maamulkan leeyahay somaliland waxaa horay loogu magacaabi jiray dhulkii uduga iyo cadarka iyo bukhuurka ama uduga waa sida ay u yaqaaneen masaaridii horee. halka giriigii hore ay u yaqaaneen dhulkii berbera waa halka uu kasoo jeedo magaca [[berbera]] xiligii muslimka amaba qarniyadii uu muslimku soo gaadhay somaliland waxa looyaqaanay dhulkii [[saylac]] ugu danbayntii xiligan aan joogno waxa lagu magacaabaa Somaliland. ===Wakhtiyadii Hore=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Laas Geel]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dhambalin]] iyo [[Dhaymoole]]'' Taariikhdii bilawga ahayd ee casri jaahiligii Somaliland waxay ku taal geeska Afrika, dhinaca Waqooyi galbeed waxa ka xigay deris la tahay dalka Jamhuuriyada Jabouti, galbeedna waxaa ka xiga Ethiopia, barina waxaa ka xiga somalia. Tirada dadka Somalilad waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 6,2 malyan. Baaxadda dhulka ay ku fadhido Somaliland waa 139,000 km½ Somaliland waxaa dhinaca waqooyiga ka xiga [[badda cas]] oo ku fadhida xeeb dhererkodu yahay 908 km½. Somaliland oo leh taariikh aad u balaadhan dadkuna aanu wada aqoon. Waxay kamid tahay meelihii ugu horeeyay ee ay ka hana qaaday ilbaxnimada adduunku. Dadka taariikhda ku xeel-dheeri waxay sheegeen in farraaciintii hore asalkoodu Somali kasoo jeedaan. Deganaana jireen dhulka xeebaha badda cas, taasoo markii danbana ay xidhiidh qoto dheer la lahaayeen Somaliland. Waxaana xaddaaradda Somaliland ku simantahay ilaa 7000 sanadood ciise hortii. ===Wakhtigii Diinta Islaamka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanadi Ifat]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanadii Cadal]]'' [[File:YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG|thumb|250px|Suldaanka reer Adal (midig) iyo ciidankiisa oo la dagaallamaya King Yagbea-Sion iyo raggiisa. Laga soo bilaabo Le livre des Merveilles, qarnigii 15aad.]] [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|250px|Burburka [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ee Saylac, Awdal.]] Markii diintu soo degtay qarnigii 7aad, geeska Afrika waxay noqotay meel aad u muhiima markii uu muslimay boqorkii Xabashida ee Nataashi. Waxaana xeebaha Somaliland ahaayeen meel istiraaji ah oo asxaabtii usoo xijrootay. Qarnigii 13naad waxaa culimadii carbeed ee dalka timid kadhiseen saldanad la odhan jiray Bebad oo ay xukumi jirtay boqortooyadii Walaashma. Waana markii koowaad inta taariikhda lagu hayo qabaa'ilkii Somalidu yeeshaan maamul dhexe. Somaliland waxaa ay kamid tahay bariga Afrika marka laga yimaado [[Itoobiya]] dalkii ugu horreyey ee ay ka hanaqaaday maamul dawladeed, inkastoo aan runta laga sheegin taariikhda dhab ah ee Somaliland haddana waxaan muran ku jirin in Somaliland qarnigii 15naad ay lahayd dawlad dunida laga ictiraafsanyahay gaar ahaana markii uu hoggaanka qabtay Immam Ahmed Qasali (Guray). Maamulkaas oo markii danbe la magac baxday dawladii Awdal. Xukumina jirtay inta u dhaxaysa xeebaha badda cas ilaa Herer. ===Saldanadihii hore ee casriga ahaa=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saldanada Isaaq|Saldanadii Isaaq]] iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland]]'' [[File:Sultan Nur Map.png|thumb|250px|Khariidadda Jarmalka qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya [[Nuur Axmed Amaan|Suldaan Nuur]] Degaanka badhtamaha Somaliland]] [[File:Flag of British Somaliland (1952–1960).svg|250px|thumb|Calankii [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|British Somaliland]].]] Horraantii xilligii casriga ahaa, dowladihii kala dambeeyay ee Saldanadii Adal iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka hanaqaadaan Soomaaliya. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Isaaqa Saldanada iyo Habr Yunis Sultanate. Hawl-galkii ugu horreeyay ee dhexmara Soomaalida gobolka iyo Ingriiska wuxuu ahaa 1827 "Maqaallo Saaxiibtinimo iyo Ganacsi oo u dhexeeya Qabiilka Habar Awal iyo England. Tan waxaa xigay heshiis Ingiriis ah oo lala galay Badhasaabkii Saylac 1840. Ka dib hawlgal ayaa la bilaabay inta u dhaxaysa Ingiriiskii iyo odayaashii Habar Garxajis iyo Habar Toljaala ee reeraha Isaaqa 1855, sanad ka dib ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey "Qodobadii Nabadda iyo Saaxiibtinimada" ee u dhexeeyey Shirkadda Habar Awal iyo East India Company. kuna dhammaaday heshiisyadii rasmiga ahaa ee Ingiriisku la saxeexday wixii hadda ka dambeeya qabiilooyinkii 'British Somaliland', oo dhacay intii u dhexeysay 1884 iyo 1886 (heshiisyada waxaa lala saxeexday Habar Awal, Gadabursi, Habar Toljaala, Habar Garxajis, Esa, iyo beelaha Warsangali), kan waxay gogol xaar u ahayd Ingriisku inuu ka sameeyo maxmiyad goboleed loogu magac daray British Somaliland, Ingriiskuna wuxuu gaashaan u ahaa maxakamadda Cadan waxayna u maamushay sidii qayb ka mid ah Bri tish India ilaa 1898. British Somaliland ka dibna waxaa maamulayay Xafiiska Arimaha Dibada ilaa 1905, ka dibna Xafiiska Gumeysiga ===Maxmiyaddii British Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ololaha Somaliland]] iyo [[Ololaha Somaliland (1920)]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Duulaankii Talyaanigu ku qaaday British Somaliland]]'' [[File:Corriere Della Sera - 17 agosto 1940 - Offensiva in Africa - titolo.JPG|thumb|250px|Wargeyska Corriere della Sera ee ka soo baxa dalka [[Talyaaniga]] oo ka hadlaya bilowgii weerarkii British Somaliland.]] [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-8-37.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Duqeyn diyaaradeed oo lagu garaacay qalcado Dowladii [[Darawiish|Deraviish]] ah [[Taleex]]..]] [[File:Independence Day State of Somaliland.png|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Heshiisyada iyo isweydaarsiga Waraaqaha ee u dhexeeya Dawladda Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo Dawladda Somaliland oo ku lammaan Xoriyadda Somaliland.]] [[File:The Somaliland Protectorate Constitutional Conference, London.png|thumb|250px|Shirweynihii dastuurka maxmiyadda [[British Somaliland]], London, May 1960 kaas oo lagu go’aamiyey in 26 Juun ay noqoto maalinta Xorriyadda, sidaasna lagu saxeexay 12 May 1960. Waftiga Somaliland ka socday :- 1.Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal,2.Axmed Xaaji Ducaale, 3.Cali Garaad Jaamac iyo 4.Xaaji Ibraahim Nuur.Laga soo bilaabo Xafiiska Gumeysiga: Ian Macleod, D. B. Hall, H. C. F. Wilks (Xoghaye).]] Ololaha Somaliland, oo sidoo kale loogu magac daray Dagaalkii Dervish, wuxuu ahaa safarado milateri oo isdaba joog ah oo ka dhacay intii u dhaxeysay 1900 ilaa 1920 dhulka Khatumo ama dooxada Nugaal, oo ay iskaga hor yimaadeen Boqortooyadii Diiriye Guure iyo Amiirkiisa ee ahaa Sayid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (oo ururkooda lagu naanaysi jiray "Dervishes" ) ka dhan ah Ingiriiska. Ingiriiska waxaa ka caawiyey weeraradoodii Xabashi iyo Talyaani. Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka ([[1914]]–[[1918]]), Xasan wuxuu sidoo kale gargaar ka helay Ottomans, Jarmal iyo, in muddo ah, oo uu ka helay Imbaraadoor Iyasu V-kii Itoobiya. Colaadda ayaa dhammaatay markii Ingriiska uu si milatari u duqeeyey magaalo-madaxda Dervish-ka ee Taleex bishii Febraayo 1920-kii. Safarkii Shanaad ee ololihii Somaliland ee [[1920]]-kii wuxuu ahaa safarkii ugu dambeeyay ee Ingiriisku kaga soo horjeedo xoogaggii Dervish-ka ee Maxammed Cabdillaahi Xasan (oo had iyo goor Ingiriisku ugu yeedho "Mad Mullah" sharaf dhac), hoggaamiyaha diinta ee Ciid-Nugaal. In kasta oo dagaalkii ugu badnaa dhacay bishii Jannaayo ee sannadka, haddana ciidammada Ingiriisku waxay bilaabeen u diyaar garowga weerarkan horraantii Noofambar [[1919]]. Ciidammada Ingiriisku waxay ka koobnaayeen xubno ka tirsan Royal Air Force iyo Somaliland Camel Corps. Dagaal seddex usbuuc ah kadib, Dervishes-kii Xasan waa la jabiyay, taasoo keentay wax ku ool ah iska caabintii 20-ka sano ahayd. Qabsashadii Talyaanigu ee British Somaliland waxay ahayd olole milatari oo ka dhacay Bariga Afrika, kaas oo dhacay bishii Ogos 1940kii kaas oo dhex maray xoogaggii Talyaaniga iyo kuwii dhawr waddan oo Ingiriis iyo Barwaaqo-sooran ah. Socdaalkii Talyaanigu wuxuu qayb ka ahaa Ololihii Bariga Afrika. ===Dawladii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Somaliland 1960]]'' [[File:Somaliland_Flying_for_the_first_time_The_White_and_Blue_Somali_Flag_at_the_Independence_Celebrations_on_26_June_1960.jpg|thumb|250px|Somaliland oo markii ugu horeysay: Calanka Soomaaliya la taagay ee aha Caddaan iyo Buluugga ah ee Dabaal - degyadii [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida (Maamulka Somaliland)|Xorriyadda]] ee 26-kii Juun 1960 Ra'iisul-wasaaraha [[Maamulkii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlad-goboleedka Somaliland]] iyo [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|madaxweynihii labaad ee Somaliland]] [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal ayaa]] salaamay calanka.]] Bishii Meey 1960kii, dawladda Ingiriisku waxay sheegtay inay diyaar u tahay inay madax-bannaani siiso maxmiyaddii xilligaa ee British Somaliland, iyada oo ujeedkeedu ahaa in dhulku la midoobo maamulkii Talyaanigu xukumi jiray ee Somaliland ee hoos-tagi jiray Maamulkii Talyaaniga (Talyaanigii hore ee Somaliland) . Golaha Sharci Dejinta ee British Somaliland wuxuu qaraar ka soo saaray bishii Abriil 1960 oo ay ku codsanayeen madaxbannaanida iyo la midowga dhulka la aaminay ee Somaliland, kaas oo qorshuhu ahaa in ay madax-bannaanideeda hesho 1-dii Julaay ee sanadkaas. Golayaasha sharci dejinta ee labada deegaan ayaa isku raacay soo jeedintan ka dib shir wadajir ah oo ay ku yeesheen magaalada Muqdisho. 26-kii Juun 1960, Maxmiyaddii hore ee British Somaliland waxay muddo kooban qaadatay madax-bannaanida iyada oo ah Dawladdii Somaliland, iyada oo Territori-ka Somaliland la raacay shan maalmood ka dib. Intii lagu jiray muddadii koobnayd ee ay la soo noqotay madax-bannaanida, Qaranka Somaliland wuxuu ka kasbaday ictiraaf shan iyo soddon iyo shan dal oo madax-bannaan. Maalintii ku xigtay, 27kii Juun 1960kii, Golaha Sharci Dejinta ee dhowaan la qabtay waxay ansixiyeen sharci si rasmi ah ugu oggolaanaya midowga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Gobollada Amaanada ee Somaliland 1dii Luulyo 1960 ===Xoriyadii 1960 iyo wixii kadanbeeyay=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed]] iyo [[Soomaaliweyn]]'' Dawlada Ethiopia ayaa waxay qorshaynaysaa sidii ay u aqoon san lahayd somalailand. Bishii febraayo 1960kii ayaa wafdi uu hoggaaminaayo Alle ha u naxariistee [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] u anbaxaxeen dalka Ingiriiska, waxaana heshiis ay la soo galeen dawladdii ingiriiska in Somaliland xornimo buuxda lasiiyo. 26 Juun 1960kii bay markii maxmiyadii ingriiska ee Somaliland "British Somaliland protectorate" xornimadeeda ka qaateen dawladii Ingiriiska,sida aan la socono intii ka horraysay 01 Luulyo 1960kii Somaliland waxay ahayd dawlad gooniya (independent state). waxayna noqdeen dawlad madax bannaan oo la aqoonsan yahay ilaa 01 Luulyo 1960kii. Isla maalintaas Waxay ku beegnayd maalintii Koonfurta Soomaaliya (Italian somaliland) in ay ka baxaan nidaamka (Trusteeship) (Nidaamka Wakiilnimada Caalamiga ah) "Koonfurta Soomaaliya: Waxay ahayd Trust Territory oo Talyaanigu maamulayay (1950–60) iyadoo hoos imanaysa Qaramada Midoobay" Luulyo 1960: Soomaaliya (Koonfur) waxay ka baxday Trusteeship oo ay noqotay dal madaxbannaan. Isla maalintaas 1 Luulyo 1960 kii ayuu dhacay midowgii labada dal ee Somaliland iyo Somalia inkastoo midawgaas mad madaw badani ku jiro. Dad badanina waxay aaminsanyihiin in midowgaasi ahayn mid sharciya. Waxaana Aragtidiisi sii xoogaysatay markii qorayaal ajaanib ahi sameeyeen daraasado arinta cadaynaya. Sida "Professor Mario G. Losano (Mario Giovanni Losano)" Bishii Luulyo1961kii waxaa dadka reer Somaliland gaashaanka ku dhufteen oo cod aqliyad ah ku diideen distoorkii qeexayey ee lagu sharciyeynaayey israaca labada dal ee Somaliya iyo Somaliland. Laakiin nasiib darro dawladdii markaas jirtay oo reer Koonfureedka ahayd waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan maxsuulkii doorashadaas sababtoo maslaxad baan ugu jirin arrintan. Bishii december 1961 waxaa madaxdii ciidamada qalabka sida ee Somaliya isku dayeen inay dhigaan inqilaabkii dhicisoobay. Inqilaabkaasna waxay doonayeen inay kula soo noqdaan madaxbannaanidii luntay. 1967kii waxaa dalka ka noqday raysal wasaare Mohamed X.Ibrahim Cigaal. Halka uu madaxweynaha ka noqday Cabdirashid Cali sharmake. 15 Oktober 1969kii waxaa magaalada laascaanood lagu dilay madaxweynihii Jamhuuriyadda Somalida ee Cabdirashid Cali Sharmaake. === 1961 kacdoon ka reer Somaliland === ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[1961 kacdoon ka dhacay Soomaaliya]]'' Kacdoonkii 1961 ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa kacdoon aan guuleysan oo isku day afgambi ah oo ka dhacay waqooyiga Soomaaliya imikana ah Somaliland kaasoo dhacay bishii Diseembar [[1961]]. === Inqilaabkii 21 oktober iyo wixii kasoobaxay === Waxaana midnimadii 60kii guul darro ku dhamaatay markii 21 Oktober [[1969]]kii uu dalka ka dhacay inqilaab aan dhiig ku daadan ee ay dhigeen ciimada qalabka sidaa, waxaana talada la wareegay ciidamada oo uu hoggaaminaayo mujrimkii Gen. Mohamed Siyaad Barre. 10 januari 1970kii waxaa kelidii taliyihii Siyaad Barre sameeyey maxkamadii badbaada oo xukumi jirtay xukunka dilka si looga takhaluso dadka aan taageersanayn madaxweynaha. 21 Oktober 1970kii wuxuu Siyaad Barre ku dhawaaqay in Somaliya qaadatay nidaamka hantiwadaaga cilmiga ku dhisan. Taasoo rabay inuu ugu bedelo inqilaabkii hab ku salaysan dhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo ku salaysan aydhiyooliyadda hantiwadaaga. Waxaana loo ololeeyey wixii loogu magacdaray kacaankii hantiwadaaga Somaliyeed. Xagaagii 1972kii waxaa la sameeyey ciimadii guulwadayaasha oo ujeedadoodu ahayd inay cabudhiyaan oo xabsiga u taxaabaan dadka shacbiga ee lagu tuxmo inay kacaan diid yihiin. July 1972kii waxaa la dilay labadii Jenaraal ee Salaad Gabayle, iyo Mohamed aynaanshe oo ka tirsanaa saraakiishii inqilaabka dhigay. Salaad gabayle wuxuu ahaa madaxweyne ku xigeen. Waxaa lagu xukumay dil ka dib markii lagu eedeeyey inay maleegayeen shirqool ay xukunka kaga tuurayaan Siyaad Barre. Oktober 1972kii waxaa lagu dhaqaaqay in la qoro [[Af-soomaliga]] oo uu noqdo luqadda rasmiga ah ee dalka. 1972kii-1975kii waxaa la qaaday ololihii barashada qorista Somaliga oo markii danbana isu rogay olalihii horumarinta reer miyiga ee la rabay in dadku waxna qoraan waxna akhriyaan. 1975kii waxaa la sameeyey 15 gobol oo cusub oo lagu bedelayeey 8 gobol ee hore u jiray. Waxaana ay ka koobnaayeen 78 degmo. Somaliland oo ka koobnayd 3 gobol looma samayn gobolo iyo degmooyin cusub toona. 1975kii Siyaad Barre wuxuu shaqadii ka eryey 50 saraakiil sare iyo madax ah oo badankooda ka soo jeeda Somaliland, waxaana uu ku bedelay dadka uu ku tuhmaayey inay taageersanyihiin kacaanka oo u badnaa caa'iladiisa ah. M.s.bare wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inay raga iyo dumarku siman yihiin culimadii iyo dhalinyaradii kasoo horjeedsatayna laayay dhamaantood. 1977kii maamulkii siyaad Barre wuxuu weerar ku qaaday dalka Itoobiya, waxaana markii hore uu ku guulaystay dagaalkaas. Laakiin waxaa dagaalku dhamaaday markii ciidamo Ruush iyo Kuubaan ahi usoo gurmadeenItoobiya ee ay si toosa dagaalka usoo galeen. Waxaana ciidamadii Somaliya dibuga soo noqatay dhammaan dhulkii horuu qabsadeen. ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[SNM]]'' [[File:Exhumed skeletal remains of victims of the Isaaq genocide.jpg|thumb|250px|Haraaga la soo saaray ee dhibanayaashii xasuuqii Isaaq ee laga helay xabaal wadareed ku yaal magaalada Berbera, Somaliland.]] [[File:4z2.jpg|thumb|250px|Ilaa 90% magaalada Hargeysa (magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya) waxaa burburiyey dawladda Soomaaliya.]] Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Barre si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan. Barre wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii Barre waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo [[1991]]. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ===Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Ruined tank in Hargeisa, Somaliland.jpg|thumb|250px|Taangi M47 Patton oo ku burburay Somaliland.]] ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]]'' In kasta oo SNM markii la aasaasay ay lahayd dastuur midow, haddana waxay ugu dambayntii bilawday inay raadiso madax-bannaanida, iyada oo doonaysa inay ka go'do Soomaaliya inteeda kale. Intii uu hoggaaminayey Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur, maamulka maxalliga ah wuxuu ku dhawaaqay gobollada waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya madax-bannaanida shirkii ka dhacay magaalada Burco intii u dhaxeysay 27-kii Abriil 1991-kii illaa 15-kii May 1991. ===Ku dhawaaqidii Maxadbanaanida=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ku dhawaaqida Gooni isu taaga Somaliland]]'' ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Saxeexida Baaqa Madaxbanaanida Somaliland]]'' [[File:Signatures-Somaliland-independece-.png|thumb|250px|5 May go'aankii shirkii weynaa ee Burco. Shirkii labaad ee qaran ee 18 May, Golaha Dhexe ee SNM oo taageero ka helaya kulan ay yeesheen odayaal matalayay beelaha waaweyn ee Gobollada Waqooyi, ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay dib ula soo noqoshada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland dhulkii Maxmiyaddii hore ee Ingiriiska ee Somaliland isla markaana la sameeyay. dowlad loogu magac daray ismaamul gobaleedka.]] 27 Jannayo 1991 ayaa ciidamadii SNM gacanta ku dhigeen dhamaan dalkii hore loo odhan jiray Somaliland. Dabadeedna madaxdii SNM waxay ka shaqeeyeen inay heshiiyeen oo beelihii walaalaha ee ay iska horkeentay dawladii hore ee Siyaad Barre. 18 Mey 1991 shirbeeleedkii ka dhacay magaalada Burco ayaa lagu go'aansaday lagagana dhawaaqay gooni isu taagga qaranimada Somaliland. ===Afti u qaadista dastuurka Somaliland 2001=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[2001 Afti u qaadista dastuurka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Somaliland Constitution Presidential Decree.jpg|thumb|250px|Digreeto madaxweyne oo uu ku ansaxinayo dastuurka Somaliland [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]].]] Bishii Ogast 2000, Dawladdii Madaxweyne Cigaal waxay kumanaan nuqul oo ka mid ah dastuurka la soo jeediyey u qaybiyey guud ahaan Somaliland si dadku u tixgeliyaan oo dib u eegis ugu sameeyaan. Hal qodob oo xasaasi ah oo ka mid ah 130ka qodob ee dastuurka u gaarka ah ayaa ansixin doona madax-bannaanida iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbannaanida ee Somaliland iyo kala-goynta kama dambaysta ah ee Soomaaliya, taasoo soo celinaysa madax-bannaanida qaran markii ugu horreysay tan iyo 1960. Dabayaaqadii bishii Maarso 2001, Madaxweyne Cigaal wuxuu cayimay maalinta aftida loo qaadayo Dastuurka May 31, 2001. Afti dastuurka ayaa laga qaaday Somaliland 31 May 2001. Aftida ayaa loo qaaday dastuurka qabyada ah ee xaqiijinaya madaxbanaanida Somaliland ee Soomaaliya. 99.9% ee codbixiyaasha xaqa u leh ayaa kaqaybqaatay aftida waxaana 97.1% kamid ah ay ucodeeyeen dastuurka. ==Juquraafiga== Somaliland waxay dhacdaa Geeska Afrika, taasi oo udhexaysa dhigaha 08°00' – 11°30' waqooyiga dhulbadhaha iyo loolasha 42°30' – 49°00' ee bariga [[Greenwich]]. Waxa dhinaca galbeed ka xiga wadanka [[Jabuuti]], dhinaca koonfureed wadanka [[Itoobiya]], iyo dhinaca bari oo ka xigto maamul-goboleedka [[Khaatumo]]. Somaliland waxay leedahay xeeb-badeed dhererkeedu le'eg yahay {{convert|740|km|mi|0}};viyo dhul baaxadeedu le'eg yahay {{convert|176120|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|title=Somalia|accessdate=31 May 2009|date=14 May 2009|work=[[World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=1 Bisha Todobaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Somaliland waxa ay dhul ahaan fidsantahay 137000 km laba jibbaaran dhulaka ay ka koobantahya jamhuuriyadani waxa uu u badanyahay dhul deegaana am waaba lawada daganyahay waxa uuleeyahay buuro iyo meelo banaan ah haddii lysidhaahdo taariikhda uu wadankani lereyahay iyo taariihda uu shacabkani leeyahayba ka sheekeeya waxay noqonaysaa mid aad u dheer. <gallery mode="packed" caption="Muuqaalka juquraafiga Somaliland"> File:Lamadayawaterfalls6.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Lamadaya]] waa biyo-dhacyo ku yaal buurta [[Cal Madow]]. File:Somalia (Somaliland)(168).jpg|upright|thumb|Baadiyaha Somaliland. File:Almadow Overview.JPG|upright|thumb|Muuqaalka Buuraha [[Cal Madow]] Buuraha, oo hoy u ah noocyo fara badan oo fara badan. File:Ceebaad island, Zeila Archipelago, Somaliland.jpg|[[Ceebaad|Jasiirada Ceebaad]], [[Jasiirada Sacadaddin]]. </gallery> ===Gobolada=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg [[Gobolada Somaliland]]'' Sanadkan 2020, Somaliland waxa ay ka kooban tahay 6 gobol, kuwaasi oo ugu weyn tahay gobolka [[sanaag]]. Gobolada somaliland intii u dhaxaysa 22 maarso ilaa 22 may, 2008, waxa uu madaxwaynihii horore ee [[Somaliland]] magacaabay gobolo cusub oo lagu daray goboladii hore ee lixda ahaa taas oo kadhigatay gobolada somaliland 13 gobol, gobolda cusub ee kuwii hore lagu daray waxa ay yihiin sidan. {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 align=center style="border:1px solid grey; border-collapse:collapse" |- ! bgcolor=lightgrey | # ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Gobol ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Magaalo Madax | bgcolor=white rowspan="14" | [[image: Somaliland regions.svg|380 px]] |- | 1 | [[Awdal]] | [[Boorama]] |- | 2 | [[Maroodi Jeex]] | [[Hargeysa]] |- | 3 | [[Saaxil]] | [[Berbera]] |- | 4 | [[Togdheer]] | [[Burco]] |- | 5 | [[Sool]] | [[Laascaanood]] |- | 6 | [[Sanaag]] | [[Ceerigaabo]] |- |} ===Magaalooyinka Waawayn=== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri: [[Magaalooyinka Somaliland]]'' <gallery> File:Borama2.jpg|[[Borama]] File: Hargeisa capital of Somaliland.jpg |[[Hargeysa]] File: Berbera, Somaliland.jpg|[[Berbera]] File: Laascaanood 2.jpg |[[Laascaanood]] </gallery> ===Cimiladda=== Somaliland waxay dhacdaa waqooyiga [[Dhulbadhe|dhulbadaha]]. Waa deegaan qalalan ([[Lamadegaan la mood]]), isku celceliska heerkulku yahay {{convert|25|to|35|C}} taasi oo hesha roob dhan {{convert|446|mm}} sanadkii.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://journeysbydesign.com/destinations/somaliland/when-to-go|title=SOMALILAND CLIMATE : when to visit|website=Jouneys by Design|language=en|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> Deegaanada Somaliland waxaa loo qeybiyaa sadex nooc oo kala ah: (1). [[Guban]]: dhul lamadegaan qalalan (2) [[Oogo]]: xooggag sare (3) [[Hawd]]: dhul daaqsiimeed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somaliland in Figures|url=http://slministryofplanning.org/images/Statistics/SomalilandInfigures2015.pdf|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2020-06-20|archive-date=2017-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233801/http://slministryofplanning.org/images/Statistics/SomalilandInfigures2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {{Weather box |location = [[Hargeysa]] |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 31.1 |Feb record high C = 31.7 |Mar record high C = 32.8 |Apr record high C = 32.8 |May record high C = 35.0 |Jun record high C = 33.9 |Jul record high C = 33.9 |Aug record high C = 33.3 |Sep record high C = 32.8 |Oct record high C = 31.7 |Nov record high C = 30.6 |Dec record high C = 28.9 |year record high C = 35.0 |Jan high C = 24.2 |Feb high C = 26.6 |Mar high C = 28.7 |Apr high C = 29.2 |May high C = 30.5 |Jun high C = 31.0 |Jul high C = 29.2 |Aug high C = 29.2 |Sep high C = 30.5 |Oct high C = 28.2 |Nov high C = 26.0 |Dec high C = 23.7 |year high C = 28.1 |Jan mean C = 17.7 |Feb mean C = 18.7 |Mar mean C = 21.6 |Apr mean C = 23.0 |May mean C = 24.1 |Jun mean C = 24.3 |Jul mean C = 23.6 |Aug mean C = 23.6 |Sep mean C = 23.6 |Oct mean C = 24.1 |Nov mean C = 18.7 |Dec mean C = 18.0 |year mean C = 21.7 |Jan low C = 11.6 |Feb low C = 12.6 |Mar low C = 15.0 |Apr low C = 16.6 |May low C = 17.7 |Jun low C = 17.7 |Jul low C = 17.1 |Aug low C = 17.1 |Sep low C = 17.1 |Oct low C = 15.0 |Nov low C = 13.1 |Dec low C = 12.1 |year low C = 15.2 |Jan record low C = 2.8 |Feb record low C = 2.8 |Mar record low C = 3.9 |Apr record low C = 9.4 |May record low C = 11.7 |Jun record low C = 11.7 |Jul record low C = 10.5 |Aug record low C = 11.1 |Sep record low C = 11.1 |Oct record low C = 7.2 |Nov record low C = 4.4 |Dec record low C = 4.4 |year record low C = 2.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 2 |Feb precipitation mm = 2 |Mar precipitation mm = 36 |Apr precipitation mm = 53 |May precipitation mm = 49 |Jun precipitation mm = 61 |Jul precipitation mm = 38 |Aug precipitation mm = 81 |Sep precipitation mm = 61 |Oct precipitation mm = 20 |Nov precipitation mm = 8 |Dec precipitation mm = 1 |year precipitation mm = 412 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1 |Feb precipitation days = 1 |Mar precipitation days = 3 |Apr precipitation days = 6 |May precipitation days = 7 |Jun precipitation days = 9 |Jul precipitation days = 8 |Aug precipitation days = 10 |Sep precipitation days = 11 |Oct precipitation days = 4 |Nov precipitation days = 1 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 61 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 65 |Mar humidity = 58 |Apr humidity = 57 |May humidity = 56 |Jun humidity = 55 |Jul humidity = 53 |Aug humidity = 53 |Sep humidity = 55 |Oct humidity = 56 |Nov humidity = 61 |Dec humidity = 64 |year humidity = |Jan percentsun = 80 |Feb percentsun = 73 |Mar percentsun = 80 |Apr percentsun = 73 |May percentsun = 64 |Jun percentsun = 73 |Jul percentsun = 64 |Aug percentsun = 64 |Sep percentsun = 73 |Oct percentsun = 80 |Nov percentsun = 80 |Dec percentsun = 80 |year percentsun = 74 |source 1 = Food and Agriculture Organization: Somalia Water and Land Management (temperatures, humidity and percent sunshine)<ref> {{cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104142616/http://www.faoswalim.org/resources/site_files/W-01%20Climate%20of%20Somalia_0.pdf | archivedate = 4 November 2016 | url = http://www.faoswalim.org/resources/site_files/W-01%20Climate%20of%20Somalia_0.pdf | title = Climate of Somalia | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization | pages = 69–73 | accessdate = 4 November 2016 | url-status = | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |title = Long term mean monthly sunshine fraction in Somalia |publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate = 4 November 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063105/http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |archive-date = 5 October 2016 |url-status = |df = dmy-all }}</ref> |source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631700_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Hargeisa / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 4 November 2016}}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Borama]] |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 24.6 |Feb high C = 25.4 |Mar high C = 27.5 |Apr high C = 27.8 |May high C = 29.3 |Jun high C = 30.0 |Jul high C = 28.8 |Aug high C = 28.8 |Sep high C = 29.0 |Oct high C = 27.4 |Nov high C = 25.8 |Dec high C = 24.4 |Jan low C = 9.7 |Feb low C = 11.7 |Mar low C = 13.8 |Apr low C = 15.7 |May low C = 17.0 |Jun low C = 18.3 |Jul low C = 17.8 |Aug low C = 17.6 |Sep low C = 17.3 |Oct low C = 13.7 |Nov low C = 11.3 |Dec low C = 10.4 |Jan rain mm = 6 |Feb rain mm = 21 |Mar rain mm = 36 |Apr rain mm = 86 |May rain mm = 61 |Jun rain mm = 32 |Jul rain mm = 78 |Aug rain mm = 112 |Sep rain mm = 86 |Oct rain mm = 18 |Nov rain mm = 10 |Dec rain mm = 2 |source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf |title=Land Resources Assessment of Somalia |date=June 2009 |publisher=[[Somalia Water and Land Information Management Project]] |page=10 |accessdate=1 October 2013 |url-status= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010751/http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf |archivedate=5 October 2013 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Berbera]] | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 35.3 | Feb record high C = 35.0 | Mar record high C = 35.0 | Apr record high C = 42.2 | May record high C = 47.3 | Jun record high C = 49.1 | Jul record high C = 47.7 | Aug record high C = 46.7 | Sep record high C = 46.0 | Oct record high C = 41.7 | Nov record high C = 36.7 | Dec record high C = 36.1 | year record high C = 49.1 | Jan high C = 27.9 | Feb high C = 29.2 | Mar high C = 30.7 | Apr high C = 31.0 | May high C = 35.7 | Jun high C = 42.8 | Jul high C = 42.9 | Aug high C = 41.9 | Sep high C = 39.7 | Oct high C = 33.1 | Nov high C = 30.0 | Dec high C = 28.6 | year high C = 34.5 | Jan mean C = 25.0 | Feb mean C = 25.0 | Mar mean C = 26.1 | Apr mean C = 28.3 | May mean C = 31.1 | Jun mean C = 33.5 | Jul mean C = 36.1 | Aug mean C = 35.6 | Sep mean C = 33.3 | Oct mean C = 28.8 | Nov mean C = 26.7 | Dec mean C = 26.7 | year mean C = 30.0 | Jan low C = 21.3 | Feb low C = 21.6 | Mar low C = 23.3 | Apr low C = 25.2 | May low C = 27.7 | Jun low C = 31.0 | Jul low C = 31.8 | Aug low C = 31.1 | Sep low C = 29.3 | Oct low C = 24.0 | Nov low C = 22.2 | Dec low C = 21.6 | year low C = 25.8 | Jan record low C = 14.4 | Feb record low C = 15.6 | Mar record low C = 16.7 | Apr record low C = 18.9 | May record low C = 20.6 | Jun record low C = 22.2 | Jul record low C = 20.6 | Aug record low C = 20.0 | Sep record low C = 17.8 | Oct record low C = 16.7 | Nov record low C = 16.1 | Dec record low C = 15.0 | year record low C = 14.4 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 8 | Feb precipitation mm = 2 | Mar precipitation mm = 5 | Apr precipitation mm = 12 | May precipitation mm = 8 | Jun precipitation mm = 1 | Jul precipitation mm = 1 | Aug precipitation mm = 2 | Sep precipitation mm = 1 | Oct precipitation mm = 2 | Nov precipitation mm = 5 | Dec precipitation mm = 5 | year precipitation mm = 52 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 0.6 | Feb precipitation days = 0.6 | Mar precipitation days = 0.5 | Apr precipitation days = 0.7 | May precipitation days = 0.8 | Jun precipitation days = 0.1 | Jul precipitation days = 0.3 | Aug precipitation days = 0.5 | Sep precipitation days = 0.4 | Oct precipitation days = 0.2 | Nov precipitation days = 0.3 | Dec precipitation days = 0.4 | year precipitation days = 5.2 | Jan humidity = 78 | Feb humidity = 79 | Mar humidity = 79 | Apr humidity = 81 | May humidity = 73 | Jun humidity = 49 | Jul humidity = 44 | Aug humidity = 45 | Sep humidity = 51 | Oct humidity = 72 | Nov humidity = 74 | Dec humidity = 76 | year humidity = 67 | Jan percentsun = 80 | Feb percentsun = 80 | Mar percentsun = 80 | Apr percentsun = 83 | May percentsun = 83 | Jun percentsun = 87 | Jul percentsun = 80 | Aug percentsun = 87 | Sep percentsun = 87 | Oct percentsun = 87 | Nov percentsun = 87 | Dec percentsun = 80 | year percentsun = | source 1 = Arab Meteorology Book (average temperatures, humidity and precipitation),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data | publisher = Springer | accessdate = 22 October 2016 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631600_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Berbera / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 22 October 2016}}</ref> | source 2 = Food and Agriculture Organization: Somalia Water and Land Management (percent sunshine)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |title = Long term mean monthly sunshine fraction in Somalia |publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization |accessdate = 4 November 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005063105/http://sddr.faoswalim.org/downloads/Long%20Term%20Mean_Monthly__sunshine%20fraction.xls |archive-date = 5 October 2016 |url-status = |df = dmy-all }}</ref> }} {{Weather box | location = [[Burco]] | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes | Jan high F = 79.7 | Feb high F = 82.4 | Mar high F = 85.5 | Apr high F = 87.3 | May high F = 88.3 | Jun high F = 88 | Jul high F = 84.9 | Aug high F = 86.7 | Sep high F = 88.9 | Oct high F = 85.6 | Nov high F = 81.7 | Dec high F = 79.7 | year high F = 84.9 | Jan low F = 54.9 | Feb low F = 56.8 | Mar low F = 60.1 | Apr low F = 63.1 | May low F = 65.1 | Jun low F = 66.9 | Jul low F = 66.9 | Aug low F = 67.1 | Sep low F = 66.9 | Oct low F = 61.2 | Nov low F = 57.7 | Dec low F = 55 | year low F = 61.8 | Jan precipitation mm = 2 | Feb precipitation mm = 0 | Mar precipitation mm = 6 | Apr precipitation mm = 50 | May precipitation mm = 59 | Jun precipitation mm = 14 | Jul precipitation mm = 13 | Aug precipitation mm = 13 | Sep precipitation mm = 30 | Oct precipitation mm = 26 | Nov precipitation mm = 9 | Dec precipitation mm = 0 | year precipitation mm = 222 | source 1 = Weatherbase<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=631750&refer=wikipedia | title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Burao, Somalia | publisher = Weatherbase | year = 2011 | accessdate = 24 November 2011 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 7 Bisha Sideedaad 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200807094958/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=631750&refer=wikipedia | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | source 2 = Climate Data.ORG<ref> {{cite web | url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/907/ |title =Climate: Burao, Somalia | publisher = Climate-Data.org | year = 2013 | accessdate = 28 December 2013 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box|location = [[Ceerigaabo]] |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 30.5 |Feb record high C = 33.5 |Mar record high C = 32.0 |Apr record high C = 33.5 |May record high C = 31.5 |Jun record high C = 30.5 |Jul record high C = 30.5 |Aug record high C = 30.0 |Sep record high C = 30.0 |Oct record high C = 29.5 |Nov record high C = 29.5 |Dec record high C = 28.0 |year record high C = 33.5 |Jan high C = 24.5 |Feb high C = 25.5 |Mar high C = 25.5 |Apr high C = 26.5 |May high C = 26.5 |Jun high C = 26.0 |Jul high C = 26.0 |Aug high C = 26.0 |Sep high C = 25.5 |Oct high C = 25.0 |Nov high C = 24.0 |Dec high C = 23.5 |year high C = 25.5 |Jan mean C = 15.0 |Feb mean C = 16.0 |Mar mean C = 17.0 |Apr mean C = 18.0 |May mean C = 19.0 |Jun mean C = 19.5 |Jul mean C = 19.5 |Aug mean C = 19.5 |Sep mean C = 18.5 |Oct mean C = 16.5 |Nov mean C = 15.5 |Dec mean C = 14.5 |year mean C = 17.5 |Jan low C = 5.5 |Feb low C = 7.0 |Mar low C = 8.5 |Apr low C = 10.0 |May low C = 11.5 |Jun low C = 13.0 |Jul low C = 13.5 |Aug low C = 13.5 |Sep low C = 11.5 |Oct low C = 8.5 |Nov low C = 7.0 |Dec low C = 5.5 |year low C = 9.5 |Jan record low C = -3.5 |Feb record low C = 0.5 |Mar record low C = 0.5 |Apr record low C = 2.0 |May record low C = 1.5 |Jun record low C = 4.0 |Jul record low C = 5.0 |Aug record low C = 4.5 |Sep record low C = 3.0 |Oct record low C = 0.0 |Nov record low C = -3.0 |Dec record low C = -3.5 |year record low C = -3.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 18 |Feb precipitation mm = 13 |Mar precipitation mm = 33 |Apr precipitation mm = 38 |May precipitation mm = 81 |Jun precipitation mm = 64 |Jul precipitation mm = 10 |Aug precipitation mm = 41 |Sep precipitation mm = 114 |Oct precipitation mm = 8 |Nov precipitation mm = 13 |Dec precipitation mm = 2 |year precipitation mm = 435 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1 |Feb precipitation days = 3 |Mar precipitation days = 6 |Apr precipitation days = 5 |May precipitation days = 8 |Jun precipitation days = 9 |Jul precipitation days = 1 |Aug precipitation days = 5 |Sep precipitation days = 15 |Oct precipitation days = 1 |Nov precipitation days = 2 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 56 |time day = 14:00 |Jan humidity = 34 |Feb humidity = 35 |Mar humidity = 42 |Apr humidity = 56 |May humidity = 51 |Jun humidity = 48 |Jul humidity = 43 |Aug humidity = 49 |Sep humidity = 55 |Oct humidity = 43 |Nov humidity = 34 |Dec humidity = 37 |year humidity = 44 |source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_631800_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Erigavo / Somalia | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = German | accessdate = 4 November 2016}}</ref> |date = July 2012}} ==Dowlada iyo Siyaasada== ===Madaxweyneyaasha=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; float:right; margin-right:9px; margin-right:2px;" |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[File: Muse Bihi official portrait 2017 (cropped).jpg|130px]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[File:Vice President of Somaliland Abdirahman SayliciSaylici.jpg|160px]] |- | style="text-align:center;"|[[Muuse Biixi]]<br /><small>[[File:Seal of the President of the Republic of Somaliland.png|20x20px]] [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxwaynaha]]</small> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Cabdiraxmaan Saylici]]<br /><small>[[File:Emblem of Somaliland.svg|15x15px]] [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka]]</small> |} ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dawladda Somaliland]] iyo [[Siyaasadda Somaliland]]'' [[File:Somaliland Parliament (5981346680).jpg|thumb|250px|Wasiirka Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda ee Ingiriiska Henry Bellingham oo la hadlaya [[baarlamaanka Somaliland]], July [[2011]]]] Guurtidu waxay la shaqeysay hoggaamiyeyaashii jabhadda si ay u soo dhisaan dowlad cusub, waxaana lagu soo daray qaab dhismeedka dowladnimada, waxayna noqotay Golaha Guurtida ee Barlamaanka. iyo guryaha Hoose oo si saami ahaan loogu qoondeeyey qabaa'ilka iyadoo lagu saleynayo qaacido horay loo sii dejiyey, in kasta oo reeraha oo dhami aysan ku qanacsanayn matalaadooda. Sannadkii 2002, ka dib markii dhawr jeer loo kordhiyey dawladdan ku-meel-gaadhka ah, Somaliland waxay u gudubtay dimuqraadiyadda xisbiyada badan. Doorashadu waxay ku koobnayd saddex xisbi, iyada oo la isku dayayo in la abuuro doorashooyin ku dhisan fikrad halkii laga dooran lahaa qaab qabiil. Laga bilaabo Diseembar 2014, Somaliland waxay leedahay saddex xisbi siyaasadeed: Xisbiga Nabadda, Midnimada, iyo Horumarka, Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarka, iyo Wadani. Sida ku xusan dastuurka Somaliland, ugu badnaan saddex xisbi siyaasadeed ayaa loo oggol yahay. Fulinta waxaa hogaamiya madaxweyne la soo doortay, oo dowladdiisa ay ka mid yihiin madaxweyne-ku-xigeen iyo Golaha Wasiirrada. Golaha Wasiirrada, oo mas'uul ka ah howlaha caadiga ah ee dowladda, waxaa soo magacaaba Madaxweynaha, waxaana oggolaada Golaha Wakiillada ee Baarlamaanka. Madaxweynuhu waa inuu ansixiyaa hindise sharciyeedyada ay ansixiyeen Baarlamaanku intaanay dhaqan gelin. Doorashada madaxtinimada waxaa xaqiijiyey guddiga doorashooyinka qaranka ee Somaliland. Madaxweynaha wuxuu shaqeyn karaa ugu badnaan laba xilli oo shan sano ah. [[File:Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg|thumb|250px|Madaxweynaha waqtigiisu dhammaaday, [[Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur]], wuxuu hoolka ka baxayaa isaga iyo madaxweynaha cusub ee la doortay [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]]. C / Raxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur waxaa oday ugu hambalyeeynayaa go, aankiisa ah inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada isla markaana si nabadgelyo ah isu soo taago kadib maalmo dhowr dood adag iyo gorgortan.]] Golaha Wakiilada (Aqalka Hoose) ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Awooda sharci dejinta waxaa leh baarlamaanka labada aqal. Aqalkiisa sare waa Golaha Guurtida, qolkan waxaa gudoomiye ka ah Suleiman Mohamoud Adan, aqalka hoose waa Golaha Wakiilada. Aqalka hoose waxaa gudoomiye ka ah Baashe Maxamed Faarax. Guri kasta wuxuu leeyahay 82 xubnood. Xubnaha Golaha Guurtida waxaa si dadban u doorta beelaha deegaanka muddo lix sano ah. Golaha Guurtidu wuxuu la wadaagayaa awooda gudbinta shuruucda Golaha Wakiilada, sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay doorka xalinta khilaafaadka gudaha, iyo awood gaar ah oo lagu kordhiyo muddada Madaxweynaha iyo wakiilada iyadoo lagu jiro duruufaha doorashada ka dhigaya mid aan macquul aheyn. Xubnaha Golaha Wakiillada waxaa si toos ah u doorta dadku shan sano. Golaha Wakiiladu wuxuu la wadaagayaa awooda codbixinta Golaha Guurtida, in kasta oo ay soo saari karaan sharci Golaha Guurtidu diidayo hadii ay u codeeyaan sharciga aqlabiyada 2/3, waxayna awood buuxda ku leeyihiin arimaha dhaqaalaha iyo xaqiijinta magacaabista Madaxweynaha. (marka laga reebo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare). Nidaamka garsoorku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay maxkamadaha degmada, (oo ka hadlaya arrimaha sharciga qoyska iyo isku xigxiga, dacwadaha oo gaaraya ilaa 3 milyan oo SL ah, kiisaska ciqaabta oo ciqaabtiisu tahay ilaa 3 sano oo xarig ah ama 3 milyan oo ganaax lacageed ah oo SL ah, iyo dambiyada ay galaan dhalinyarada) , maxkamadaha gobolka (kuwaas oo ka shaqeeya dacwadaha iyo kiisaska ciqaabta ee aan ku hoos jirin xukunka maxkamadaha degmada, sheegashooyinka shaqada iyo shaqaalaynta, iyo doorashooyinka dawladaha hoose), maxkamadaha rafcaanka ee gobolka (kuwaas oo wax ka qabta dhammaan rafcaannada ka imanaya maxkamadaha degmooyinka iyo gobollada), iyo Maxkamadda Sare (kaas oo ka hadlaya arrimaha u dhexeeya maxkamadaha iyo dawladda, isla markaana dib u eegis ku sameeya go'aannadeeda), oo ah maxkamadda ugu sarraysa sidoo kalena u shaqaysa sida Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Sharciga Jinsiyadaha Somaliland wuxuu qeexayaa qofka muwaadin Somaliland ah, Haweenka reer Somaliland, oo xidhan midabada calanka Somaliland, ka hor doorashadii baarlamaanka ee 2005. Dawladda Somaliland waxay sii waddaa inay ku dhaqanto xeerka ciqaabta ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya 1962dii. Sidan oo kale, falalka khaniisiinta ayaa sharci darro ka ah gayiga. Guriga Freedom wuxuu ku qiimeeyaa dawladda Somaliland qayb ahaan dimuqraadiyadda. Seth Kaplan (2011) wuxuu ku doodayaa in si ka duwan koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo dhulalka ku dhow, ay Somaliland, gooni u goosadka waqooyiga-galbeed ee Soomaaliya, ay ka dhistay qaab dimoqraadi ah oo maamul hoosta ilaa kor, iyadoo aan haba yaraatee lahayn wax kaalmo shisheeye ah. Si gaar ah, Kaplan wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Somaliland ay leedahay nidaamka siyaasadeed ee ugu dimuqraadiyadda wanaagsan geeska Afrika maxaa yeelay waxaa inta badan laga soo cayimay cunsuriyiinta xagjirka ah ee ka jira Soomaaliya inteeda kale waxayna leedahay hanaan doorasho iyo sharci dejin iyo sidoo kale nidaam gaar ah oo adag. ===Xidhiidhka Dibada=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xidhiidhka Dibada ee Somaliland]]'' [[File:The President of Somaliland, Musa Bihi Abdi And the Guinean Foreign minister, Mamadi Toure.jpg|thumb|250px|Madaxweynaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi]], ayaa booqasho ku tegey Jamhuuriyadda Guinea.]] Somaliland waxay xidhiidh siyaasadeed la leedahay dalalka deriska la ah ee Itoobiya iyo Jabuuti, Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha oo aan xubin ka ahayn Qaramada Midoobay, iyo sidoo kale Koonfur Afrika, Sweden, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo waddan yar oo Liberland ah. 17-kii Janaayo 2007, Midowga Yurub (EU) wuxuu wafdi u diray arrimaha dibedda si ay uga wada hadlaan iskaashiga mustaqbalka. Midowga Afrika (AU) wuxuu kaloo diray wasiir arrimo dibadeed si uu ugala hadlo mustaqbalka ictiraafka caalamiga, 29kii iyo 30kii Janaayo 2007, wasiiradu waxay sheegeen inay ictiraafka kala hadli doonaan dowladaha xubnaha ka ah ururka. Horraantii 2006, Golaha Qaranka ee Wales ayaa casuumaad rasmi ah u fidiyay dawladda Somaliland si ay uga soo qayb galaan furitaanka boqortooyada ee Senedd ee Cardiff. Tallaabadan ayaa loo arkay inay tahay tallaabo ay Golaha Welsh ku aqoonsadeen sharcinimada dowladda gooni u goosadka ah. Xafiiska Arimaha Dibadda iyo Barwaaqo Sooranka ayaanan wax faallo ah ka bixin casuumaada. Gobolka Wales waxaa ku nool jaaliyad Soomaali ah oo muhiim ah oo ka timid Somaliland. Sanadkii 2007, wafdi uu hogaaminayo Madaxweyne Kaahin ayaa goobjoog ka ahaa shirkii madaxda dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Barwaaqo Sooranka ee ka dhacay magaalada Kampala ee xarunta dalka Uganda. In kasta oo ay Somaliland codsatay ka mid noqoshada Barwaaqa Sooranka iyada oo ku hoos jirta xaalad goobjooge, codsigeedii weli waa la sugayaa. [[File:Missions in Somaliland.png|thumb|right|250px|Khariidada xafiisyada diblomaasiyadeed ee Somaliland{{legend|#ff0000|Somaliland}} <!--{{legend|#212178|States with embassy in Somaliland}}--> {{legend|#5f8dd3|Dowladdaha leh qunsuliyadda ama xafiiska wakiilka ee Somaliland}} <!--{{legend|#aaccff|Dowladdo safaarad aan deganayn ku leh Somaliland}}-->]] 24 Sebtember [[2010]], Johnnie Carson, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha Arimaha Dibada ee Arimaha Afrika, wuxuu sheegay in Mareykanku uu wax ka badalidoono istiraatiijiyaddiisa Soomaaliya uuna raadinayo xiriir qoto dheer oo uu la yeesho dowladaha Somaliland iyo Puntland isagoo sii wadaya taageerida Dowlada KMG ee Soomaaliya. Carson wuxuu sheegay in Mareykanku u diri doono shaqaalaha gargaarka iyo diblomaasiyiinta Puntland iyo Somaliland wuxuuna si toos ah u sheegay suurtagalnimada mashaariic horumarineed oo mustaqbalka ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Carson wuxuu carabka ku adkeeyay in Mareykanku uusan u fidin doonin aqoonsi rasmi ah labada gobol midkoodna. Madaxweyne Siilaanyo ee Somaliland bishii Noofambar 2010 si uu ugala hadlo sidii loo kordhin lahaa wax ka qabashada Ingiriiska ee Somaliland. Madaxweyne Siilaanyo wuxuu yidhi safarkiisii ​​London “Waxaan la shaqeynaynay beesha caalamka beesha caalamkuna way nala shaqeyneysay, annaga oo bixinayna anaga oo naga caawinay kanala shaqeynayna barnaamijyada dimoqraadiyeynta iyo horumarka. Waxaan aad ugu faraxsanahay sida bulshada caalamku ay noola macaamileen, gaar ahaan UK, Mareykanka, quruumaha kale ee Yurub iyo deriskeena oo weli raadinaya ictiraaf Ictiraafka Somaliland ee Boqortooyada Midowday (UK) waxa kale oo taageeray Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida ee UK, oo ku soo galay kaalinta 3aad ee codadkii dadweynaha ee doorashadii guud ee 2015. Hogaamiyaha UKIP, Nigel Farage, ayaa la kulmay Cali Aadan Cawaale, Madaxa Ergada Somaliland ee UK Uk maalinta qaranimada Somaliland, 18 May, 2015, si ay u muujiyaan taageerada UKIP ee Somaliland. Nigel Farage wuxuu yidhi “Somaliland waxay 24-kii sano ee u dambeeyay u ahayd ilayska nabada, dimuqraadiyada iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga, ee Geeska Afrika 24-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Waxay ku beegan tahay wakhtigii UK iyo bulshada kale ee caalamku aqoonsadeen qadiyada Somaliland ee aqoonsiga. Waa waqtigii nabada la abaalmarin lahaa. In UK ay dhabarka u jeediso dalabkooda sharciga ah ee madaxbanaanida, waa khalad, waa wax aan caadi aheyn inaanan u ololeynin aqbalitaankooda Barwaaqo Sooranka. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaan taageernay aqbalida dalal ay ka mid yihiin Mozambique oo aan xidhiidh taariikhi ah la lahayn Ingiriiska, laakiin Somaliland, oo hore u ahaan jirtay maxmiyad ayaa hartay qabow. Tani waa inay isbedeshaa". [[File:Somaliland Foreign Minister Hagi Mohamoud with Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen.jpg|thumb|250px|Wasiirka Arimaha Dibada Somaliland Hagi Mohamoud oo uu weheliyo Madaxweynaha Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen.]] Sannadkii [[2011]], Somaliland iyo gobolka deriska la ah [[Khatumo]] ee Puntland wuxuu mid waliba la galay heshiis is-afgarad oo la xiriira nabadgelyada Jasiiradda Seychelles. Iyadoo la raacayo qaab dhismeedka heshiis hore oo ay kala saxiixdeen Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah iyo Seychelles, qoraalka ayaa ah "in dadka la xukumay loo wareejiyo xabsiyada 'Puntland' iyo 'Somaliland'. 1dii Julay [[2020]], Somaliland iyo Taiwan waxay kala saxeexdeen heshiis lagu aasaasayo xafiisyo wakiillo ka shaqeeya si kor loogu qaado iskaashiga labada dal. Wadashaqeynta labada siyaasadood ee ku saabsan waxbarashada, amniga badaha, iyo daawada waxay bilaabatay 2009, shaqaalaha Taiwan waxay soo galeen Somaliland Febraayo 2020 si ay ugu diyaar garoobaan xafiiska wakiilka. ===Doorashooyinka Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Doorashooyinka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Elections in Somaliland.jpg|thumb|250px|Doorashooyinka Somaliland qof iyo cod]] Burburkii dowladdii militariga ee ka talineysay Soomaaliya 1991 AD, hoggaamiyeyaashii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed waxay qaadeen tallaabo ay ku dhawaaqeen gooni u goosadka gobolka woqooyi ee Soomaaliya, oo markaas ku jiray shan gobol oo ka tirsan Soomaaliya inteeda kale, isla sannadkaas. . Intaa wixii ka dambeeyay, Somaliland waxay ku guuleysatay inay gaarto dib u heshiisiin dhab ah oo dhex marta beelaha wada dega gobolka, waxayna ka shaqeysay fidinta amniga, kala dambeynta iyo sharciga, waxayna ku ansixisay dastuurkeedii ugu horreeyay afti laga qaaday 2001. Waxay sidoo kale abaabushay, xilliyo kala duwan, bilaash iyo doorashooyin guuleysta oo ay kujiraan doorashooyinka dowladaha hoose, sharci dejinta iyo madaxweynaha. Waxa wadankan ka dhacay doorashooyin madax banaan oo shacabku si run ah ay u dooranayeen waxa kale oo horay uga dhacay somaliland doorashooyin doorashaddii, uguhoraysay ee kadhacady somaliland waxa ay hayd dheceen sanadii 1997 waxca ku gulaystay madaxwayne [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] doorashada labaad ee kadhacady somalilad waxa ay dhacday sanadii 2003 halka tii sadexaad oo ah in ay jabisay rikoodhkii u yaaly afrika oo ahaaa in laba doorasho oo isku xiga wax kacadani aany wadan afrikaana kadhici iyada oo lagu yaqaanay in haddii doorasho sadexaad loodhaqaaqo uu wadankasta oo afrika kuyaala dagaal sokeeye ka bilaabmi jiray. ayaa wadanka somaliland waxa uu marayaa doorashaddii sadexaad ee si habsamiya uga dhacda doorashadan ugu danbaysay waxa ay djacday sandkii aynu soodhaafanay ee 2010ka waxaana madaxwayne loo doortay mujaaahidka wayn ee axmed maxamed maxamuud [[siilaanyo]] ===Ciidanka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Ciidanka Qaranka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Women in Somaliland Army.jpg|thumb|250px|Haweenka Ciidanka Somaliland.]] [[File:Somaliland Army 1.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ciidanka Qaranka Somaliland]]]] '''Ciidamada Somaliland''' (''Ciidanka Qaranka'') Somalilanad waxa ay leedahay ciidan militari oo si habaysan u tababaran kaas oo ah ilaaliyaha koobaad ee ciida somaliland. ciidamada somaliland waxa ay fadhiisimo iyo saldhigyo ku leeyihiin dhamaan wadanka. ciidamada somaliland waxa ay leeyhiin dhamaan qaybaha ciidan ee wadan yeesho. waxaa sharci ahaan loo ogolyahay dadka wixii kawayn 18 ilaa 49 ciidanka [[somaliland]] waxa lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 20.000 oo askari. Ciidamada somaliland waxay ka qaybqaatan ilaalinta ciidooda taaso oo ah arin muqaddas ah. ===Astaanta=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Emblem of Somaliland.svg|thumb|250px|[[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland]]]] Astaanta Qaranka [[Somaliland]] waxaa la abaabulay [[Oktoobar]] [[1996]]dii, ayada iyo calankaba. waxa ay kakoobantahay laba kafadood iyo miisaan isleeg, oo muujinaya cadaalda dhextaala shacabka [[somaliland]] iyo gorgor sare u haya miisaanka oo isna tusaale u ah dimuquraadiyada ay somaliland kudhaqanto waxa kale o kamida astaanta qaranka laba gacmood oo issisalaamya. waxaanay tasi tusaale u tahay sinaanta iyo cadaalada iyo dimuquraadiya dhextaala dadka reer somaliland waxa kale oo kamida calaamdaha ay kakoobantahay astaanta qaranka somaliland [[laan]] geed oo muujinaysa nabada ay haystaan shacabku waxa kale oo kamida halka danbe oo ah huruud taas oo muujinaysa dhaqan wanaaga shacabka somaliland waxa kale oo walaiba kamida bisinka oo kaga yaala halka sare oo muujinaya in shacabka somaliland ay yihiin dad islaama. ===Calanka=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Calanka Somaliland]]'' [[File:Flag of Somaliland.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|[[Calanka Somaliland]]]] Calanka Somaliland waxa markii uguhoraysay la isticmaalay calanka [[somaliland]] ee xilagan 14 0ktoba 1996kii waxa uu calanka [[somaliland]] ka koobanyahay sadex khad ama kald oo jiif ah waxa ugu koreeya [[cagaar]] waxa [[cadaan]] oo dhexda ah iyo [[casaan]] oo hoosta ah dehexdana waxaa kaga taala calanka xidig [[madaw]] waxa dhanka sare ee calanka ku taala [[shahaadada]] (لا إله إلا الله, محمد رسول الله) oo far cad kuqoran Heesta calanka somaliland (samo kuwaar) ee hada waxaana loogu dhawaaqaa sidan. {{big|Samoo ku waar samoo ku waar Sareeye calanka sudhan biley dhulkissa Samoo ku waariyo iyo bogaadin sugan Hambalyo suuban kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Hambalyo suuban kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Geesiyaashii naftooda u sadqeeyey qaranimadad somaliland Geesiyaashii naftooda u sadqeeyey qaranimadad somaliland Xuskooda dhawrsan kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Xuskooda dhawrsan kugu salaanee samoo ku waar Guul side xambaarsan soo noqoshaddiisa Guul side xambaarsan soo noqoshaddiisa Kalsooniduu mutaystayee dastuurka Distuurka ku salaan kugu salaanee Midnimo walaalnimo gobonimoo Midnimo walaalnimo gobonimoo Islaamnimo kugu salaanee Samoow saamidiyo samoo ku waar Samoo ku waar saamo ku waar}} ===Maalinta Madaxbanaanida=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Somaliland]]'' [[File:Women from Somaliland wearing the flag of Somaliland.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|right|Haweenka Somaliland oo ka qayb galay dabaaldeggii maalinta madaxbanaanida oo ay la socdaan calanka Somaliland.]] Maalinta xoriyada Somaliland waa maalinta ee maamulka Goboleedka la aqoonsan ee u dabaaldagto xoriyada ee aaminsanyihiin in ee ka heleen soomaaliya isla markaasneh ee ka go'een soomaaliya inteeda kale.Xuskii ugu danbeeyay waxee dhacday 18 may 2011. ==Dhaqaalaha== ===Lacagta=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Dhaqaalaha Somaliland]] iyo [[Dekada Berbera]]'' [[File:Somaliland Beverage Industries Factory.jpg|thumb||upright=0.8|left|[[SBI]] Warshada Coca–Cola Somaliland.]] [[File:New DP World Berbera Container Terminal Port.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Dekada Berbera]] Cusub ee DP World Berbera.]] [[Somaliland shilling]] waa lacagta laga isticmaalo [[somaliland]] waxa lahirgaliyay daabacaada iyo isticmalka lacagtan, 18 aktobar 1994, waxa ay ka koobantahay lacagta somaliland waraaqo iyo biro kal ah sidan soo 1,5,10,20,100,500, iyo 5000 Sidan lawada socono astaanta qaranku waa shayga kaliyata ee lagu garto dawlad amaba lagu aqoonsado qaran keena, [[somaliland]] waxuu leeyahay astaan iyo lacag u gaar ah taa oo uu kaga duwan yahay bulshada caalamka iyo Gobolka geeska afrikaba, hadaba tan iyo waxii ka adan beeyay sanadkii 1991 somaliland waxay lahayd lacag u gaar ah taasi oo aan gabi hanba wada gaadhin gobolada somaliland oo dhan , iyadoo inta badan ku kooban hargaysa oo ah caasimada somaliland. halka aan lagaba aqoon gobola da kale dalka sida gobolada Bariga ee ay ka mid ka yihiin gobolka togdheer,sanaag iyo sool ,waxaana laga isticmalaa badiba lacago qalaad oo kala duwan ku wasi oo iskugu jira lacagta itopiyanka iyo lacagtii faqashta ee soomaliyadii hore, dhinacakale waxad arkaysaa markaad tagto magaloyinka aan kor ku soo xusay iyo qaar kaleba inaad markaad dhex marayso goobaha lacagaha lagu sarifo anad arkayninba wax lacag shilinka somalialand ah mana jiraan lacago somaliland ah oo ay indha haagu qabanayaan, dhinacakale´shilinka somaliland hadad is tidhaah do suqa wax kaga so iibso ama ba wax kaga soo cun hotelada laga cunteeyo lagama yaabo inaad wax lagaga iibiyo, waxa yaduna nasiib daraa in qaar kamid ah lacagta shilinka somaliland ah guud ahan ba wadanka gudihiisa lagama qaato xataa casimada inana waxba lagaga iibin ibin mayo lacagtaas oo inta badan musha har loo ´siyo ciidamada qaranka marka ay isku dayaan inay ku soo adeegtana aan lagaqadan lacagtaas aan kor ku soo xusayna waxa kamid ah 5ta´shilin 10´ka shilin iyo 20´ka shilin lacagtasi la diidayaana waa lacagtii qaranka hadaba, waxa nasiib Daraa inay somaliland ku faanto inay hormar ka gaadhay dhinacyo badan sida dimuqraadiyada ´ dhaqaalaha´ Tignolajiyada iyo waxbarashada, hadana hormar ay gaadho iska dhaafo ay lacagteedii ayaa weli saaran Geedka Madhaafto === Sahaminta shidaalka === [[File:Oil and Gas exploration activities in Somaliland.jpg|thumb|left|Hawlaha sahaminta shidaalka iyo gaaska ee [[Oodwayne]], gobolka Togdheer.]] Bishii Ogosto 2012, dawladda Somaliland waxay siisay [[Genel Energy]] ruqsad ay shidaal uga baadhi karto dhulkeeda. Natiijooyinka baadhitaanka sagxadda oo la dhammaystiray horraantii 2015 waxay xaqiijiyeen suurtagalnimada waxqabad ee ka jirta SL-10B iyo baloogga SL-13 iyo baloogga Oodweyne oo lagu qiyaasay keyd shidaal oo midkiiba gaarayo 1 bilyan oo foosto. <ref>{{cite web | title = Somaliland | url = http: //www.genelenergy.com/operations/exploration-assets/somaliland/ | access-date = 3 August 2017 | Archive-date = 4 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804013531/http://www.genelenergy.com/operations/exploration-assets/somaliland/ | url-status = dead | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = 4 August 2017 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Shirkadda Genel Energy ayaa qarka u saaran inay si fiican u qoddo sahaminta SL-10B iyo SL-13 xannibaadda Buur-Dhaab oo 20 kiiloomitir waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Caynabo]] dhammaadka 2018. <ref> {{cite web | title = Ruqsadaha Ciyaaraha ee Mesozoic Rift Play SL10B / 13 & Odewayne | url = http: // www. genelenergy.com/media/1977/genel-energy-onshore-somaliland-opportunity-summary_digital.pdf|publisher=Genel Energy | marin-u-helid = 3 Agoosto 2017 | taariikhda-taariikhda = 4 Janaayo 2017 | archive-url = https: / /web.archive.org/web/20170104062357/http://www.genelenergy.c om / media / 1977 / genel-energy-onshore-somaliland-fursad-summary_digital.pdf | url-status = dead}} </ref> ===Warbaahinta=== Somaliland waxa ay leedahay warbaahin madaxbanaan oo aanay cidi kormerin haba yaraatee war baahintaasi waxa ay isugu jirataaa warbaahinta la akhriyo tan ladaawdo iyo tan la dhagaysto. kuwa ugu waawayn ama ugu caansana waxa kamida, wargayska [[jamhuuriya]] wargayska [[haatuf]], tv ga [[horm kabel tv|horm kabel tv iyo shabakadda wararka caalamiga ah ee xoriyonews.com]] waxa jira warbaahin kale oo aad iyo aad u fara badan oo wadanka ka jira ciidamada qarnka ee somaliland waxa ay u kalabaxaan sida aan horeba usoo sheegnay qaybaha ciidan ee uu wadan yeesho * [[Berbera oil]] * [[SomCable]] * [[Dahabshiil]] * [[Golistelecom]] * [[Petrosoma]] Dawlada Ethiopia ayaa la filaayaa inay bisha tobnaad aad aqoonsato somaliland sida lagu baahiayay boga internetka ee ay dawaldu maamusho. '''Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland''' Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta [[Somaliland]] oo si rasmiya ugu Dhawaaqay inay Isu- Fureen Adeegyadoodii Taleefoonada iyo Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka oo ka qayb galay Xafladii lagu Daah-furay. Munaasibada lagu Daahfurayay Isku-xidhka Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta [[Somaliland]] ayaa lagu qabtay Hoteelka [[Maansoor]] ee Magaalada [[Hargeysa]]. Xafladan oo lagaga dhawaaqay isku-xidhka shan Shirkadood oo ka mid ah Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland oo kala ah [[Somtel]], [[Nation Link]], [[Telcom]], [[Soltelco]], [[African Online]]., waxa ka qayb galay Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Somaliland C/raxmaan Saylici, Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Axmed Xaashi Oday, Wasiirka Diinta iyo awqaafta Sh. Khaliil C/laahi, Maareeyaha Hawlaha shaqada ee Shirkadda Somtel Cali Saalax Cabdi, Mahdi Daahir Jaamac oo ah Maareeye ku-xigeenka Shirkadda Nation-link, Madax Shirkada Telcom Aadan C/laahi, Mareeyaha Shirkada Soltelco Mukhtaar Osman iyo Marti sharaf kale. Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Somaliland C/raxmaan C/lahi Ismaaciil oo Munaasibadaasi ka hadlay ayaa soo dhaweeyay isku xidhka shirkadahan isgaadhsiinta oo wax badan ka tari doona dhibaatooyinkii Bulshada ka haysatay dhinaca Isgaadhsiinta, gaar ahaan wada hadal la’aanta dadka isticmaalada adeegyada kala duwan ee Shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta. Waxaanu yidhi “Runtii waxa maanta Farxad ii ah inaan ka soo qayb galo, isku xidhkii shirkadaha Isgaadhsiinta oo runtii baahi weyn loo qabay inaynu ku wada xidhiidhno, iyadoo laga maarmayo sadexdii Telefoon iyo afartii Telefoion ee markii hore la sitay, arintan oo runtii ka mid ahayd balanqaadyadii Xisbiga Kulmiye ee in adeegyada Bulshada la mideeyo”. Mr. Saylici isagoo hadalkiisa sii wata waxa uu sheegay “Maanta waxaan ku faraxsanahay in talaabada koowaad ee la qaaday inteedii badnaydna Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiintu halkan ka sheegay , shirkadaha laftoodiina ay ka marag kaceen, muhiimada aynu u soconaana waxay tahay inaynu shacbigeena u wada adeegno oo aynu ka saarno qoqobkii ku kala jiray ama kala xidhnaantii ku kala jirtay ,maadaama oo suuqeenu yahay suuq mid xor ah, waxaan qabaa inaanu dawladu mar walba ka madhnayn shirkadaha isgaadhsiinta oo waxa loo sameeyaa Cashuur dhaaf”. Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland Axmed Xaashi Oday oo Munaasibadaasi ka hadlay ayaa sheegay sheegay in Wasaarada Boosaha iyo isgaadhsiintu si isku mid ah u maamuli doonto iska Xidhka Shirdahan adeegyadooda Xidhiidhka laysku furay, isagoo hoosta ka xarriiqay inay si caadalad iyo sinaan ah ay u ilaalin doonaan dhamaan shirkadahan xuquuqdooda Ganacsi iyo sirta Adeegyadooda. Guddoomiyaha Guddidii ka soo shaqaysay isku xidhka shirkadahan Isgaadhsiinta ee mideeyay Adeegyadooda Isgaadhsiinta Mr: Jaamac X. Maxamed Cigaal ayaa isna munaasibadaasi ka sheegay qaabka ay dadku ugu wada Xidhiidhayaan shanta shirkadood ee laysku xidhay, waxaanu halkaasi ku soo. ==Bulshada== ===Maalmaha la Xuso=== *1- [[26]] [[Juun]] oo ah maalinta ay ka qadatay xornimada gumaysigii [[Ingiriis]]ka. *2- [[18. May maalinta xoriyada somaliland]] oo ku beegan 18.May.1991 kii maalintii shirweynihi shacabka reer somaliland gua'an sadiin guuni isotaga jumhuriyada somaliland ee ka dhacay Magaalada Burco. *3- Labada Ciidood ee Islaamka *4- Maalmaha Caalamiga ah sida maalinta shaqaalaha, [[AIDS|Aydhiska]], iwm. ===Luqadaha=== '''Luqadaha Somaliland''' Somaliland waxa lagaga hadlaa luqada somaliga oo boqolkiiba boqol ay kuhadalaan dadka kudhaqan somaliland waliba lahjada afsoomaaliga ugu nadiifsan amaba ugu dhaw marka laeego luqada somaliga ee qadiimka ah dadka kudhaqan somaliland lahjada afsomaliga ee ay kuhadlaan waxa ay shabahdaa ta wararka lagusiidaayo amaba saxaafada loo adeegsado. waxa kale oo somaliland lagaga hadlaa [[Carabi]]ga iyo [[Ingiriis]]iga oo ah laba luqadood oo iyana wadanka si rasmi ah looga isticmaalo, qodobka lixaad ee wadanka uyaala waxa kuqoran in somaliga carabiga iyo ingriisugu ay yihiin sadaxda luqadood ee wadanka sirasmi ah looga isticmaali karo ==Waxbarashada== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[:Category:Jaamacadaha Somaliland|Jaamacadaha Somaliland]]'' * [[Jaamacada Hargaysa]] * [[Jaamacadda Camuud]] * jaamacada admas * [[Jaamacad Burco]] * [[Jaamcada Golis]] * [[Jaamacada Timocade]] * [[New Generation University Hargeisa, Somaliland|Jaamacada New Generation]] * [[Jaamacadda Culuunta badda iyo Kaluumaysiga (BERBERA MARITIME AND FISHERIES ACADEMY)]] ==Warbixin Kale== ===Goobaha Dalxiiska=== Dalka Somaliland wuxu leeyahay deegaan ballaadhan oo dhul badhka uu ku fadhiyo lagu qiyaaso 136200KM2 iyo bad leh xeeb dhererkoodu dhanyahay 850Km2 laga bilaabo Lawyacaddo dhinaca galbeed illaa Ceelaayo dhinaca bari. Somaliland waa qaran ka nasiib badan qoomiyado badan oo caalamka ah marka laga eego cimillada iyo hawada meel dhexadka ah xilli kasta, dhulka fidsan iyo deegaanka kala nooc nooca ah. Goobaha aad loo dalxiiso ee Somaliland waxa ka mid ah daljirka dahsoon ee Hargeysa ku yaalla, dhammaan magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee dalka sida Berbera, xaruntii daraawiishta talex, Zeilac, Bullaxaar, Maydh & Xiis, Laas-qoray, jasiiradaha Sacaadadiin iyo ceebood, buurta Daallo, buurta Gacan-libaax (Waxa waliba lagu sameeyay dhisme iyo dayactir buurta dusheeda( buurta Saw, Laasgeel (Goob aasaar qadiimi ah oo sannad dhawaa khubaro faransiis ahi ka heleen degmada hore loo odhan jiray Dacar-budhuq, haddana loogu magac daray Laasgeel) ɖɦaɦaʀ ɖɦʊʟҡɨɨ զʊʀʊxɖa ɖaʀɨstɨɨ զʊʀxօօռaʏɖ ɖɦaɦaʀ ċʀɛɛռʟaռɖ iyo goobo kale oo aan xusi doonno. Waxannu ugu bushaaranaynaa soo booqdayaasha bartan inaanu boggan idiin ku soo gudbin doonno xogo iyo macluumaad faahfaahsan oo la xidhiidha dhammaan goobaha taariikhiga ah ee la dalxiiso Somaliland, xaqiiqooyin ku xeeran iyo is bedello ku yimi goobo ka mid ah. Guud ahaan, gobolkasta Somaliland waxa ka jira goobo caana ah, taariikhi ah ama lagu tilmaami karo fursadaha iyo/ama khayraadka qaaliga ah ee dalku leeyahay dhinaca dalxiiska iyo taariikhda. Laasgeel waa goob leh godod hoose oo leh xaradh iyo astaamo qadiimiga ah oo lagu qiyaasay inay noqon karayaan aasaarta taariikhiga ah ee ugu da’da weyn geeska ama qaarada Afrikaba guud ahaan marka loo eego sawirrada farshaxanka iyo astaamaha muujinaya quruumo qarniyaal badan ka hor dhulka ku noolaa. Aasaartan qadiimiga ah waxa goobtan ku ogaaday khubaro faransiis sannadkii 2002, illaa immikana waxay ka midtahay goobaha taariikhiga ah ee aad loo dalxiiso, isla markana ay Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Dawladda xaqiijiyaan nabadgelyada iyo ilaalinta aasaartan iyadoo si taxadir leh loogu oggolaado dalxiisayaashaa gaarka ah.Goobta Laasgeel waxa 6km woqooyi looga weecdaa tuulada Dhubato ee Degmada Laasgeel ee hore loo odhan jiray Dacar-budhug, immikana loogu magac daray Laasgeel oo 55KM bari ka xigta Hargeysa, kuna taalla wadada halbawlaha ah ee Hargeisa-Berbera. ===Ciyaaraha=== Ciyaaraha Somaliland Tartanka ciyaaraha [[somaliland]] oo ah mid sanadkiiba mar laqabto ayaa sanadkan ahaa mid xiiso leh,waxa sanadkan kamid ahaa ciyaaraha lagusoo bandhigay sida ciyaaraha orodada [[Kubada cagta]] [[Kubada Kolayga]] iyo waliba qaarkale oo badan.waxa sanadkan ciyaaraha 2011 ciyaaraha somaliland lagu qabtay magaalo madaxda gobolka [[Togdheer]] ee magaalda [[Burco]] gaar ahaan garoonka ciyaaraha ee caanka ah ee looyaqaano [[Alamsay]]. * [[Awdal]] * [[Hawd]] * [[Gabiley]] * [[Togdheer]] * [[Saaxil]] * [[Maroodi Jeex]] * [[sool]] * [[sanaag]] Kahor intii aan lasoo gaadhin ciyaaraha kama danbaysta ah waxa lasoomaray isreebreeb ay ka qaybqaateen dhamaan gobalada [[Somaliland]] waxaana iskusoo hadhay sideedan Gobol oo soo bandhigay ciyaaro aad iyo aad u xiiso lahaa waxaa ay ahyd markii ugu horaysay ee ciyaaraha somaliland sitoosa caalamkka looga daawado waxa siidaynta ciyaarta hawada dadaka usoo marinayaay warbaahinta qaranka iyo tan madaxa banaan waxaana laga daawanayay daafaha caalmaka. ==Muuqaalo== <gallery> File:Berbera Port2.jpg| File:Almadow Overview.JPG|Buurta [[Cal Madow]] </gallery> ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Genel Energy]] * [[Oodwayne Beeraha Salidka]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Somalia]] * [[Dhaqalaha Somalia]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] == Xigasho == * [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmhansrd/vo040204/halltext/40204h03.htm United Kingdom parliamentary debate on recognition of Somaliland] * [http://www.awdalnews.com/ Awdadl News] * [http://www.horyaal.net/index.asp Radio Horyaal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.horyaal.net/index.asp |date=20121102031350 }} * [http://www.halganews.com/ Halgan news] {{Wayback|url=http://www.halganews.com/ |date=20101029081920 }} * [http://www.caynabanews.com/ Hadhwanaag New] {{Wayback|url=http://www.caynabanews.com/ |date=20140327103426 }} * [http://www.qarannews.com/pn/ Qaran News] {{Wayback|url=http://www.qarannews.com/pn/ |date=20061004150422 }} * [http://dillapress.com Dilla Press] {{Wayback|url=http://dillapress.com/ |date=20201024054735 }} * [http://www.jamhuuriya.info/index.php Jamhuuriya Newspaper] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jamhuuriya.info/index.php |date=20110419200647 }} * [http://www.abaarsotech.org/ Abaarso Tech University] *[https://somaliland.com/ Somaliland News] *[https://ToosNews.com ToosNews] {{Wayback|url=https://toosnews.com/ |date=20220201065019 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist|2}} {{Maqaalo Somaliland |state=expanded}} {{Dalalka Afrika |state=expanded}} [[Category:Somaliland|*]] 6l6xvchmyd5du1vlnwathl23v8argtt CPU 0 5058 298413 163817 2026-06-10T14:21:53Z ~2026-34200-77 46046 298413 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AMD A10-4600M (AM4600DEC44HJ) APU-top PNr°0811.jpg|thumb]] '''CPU''' The '''Central Processing Unit''' {{gumud}} [[Category:Teknooloji]] Waa Maxay cpu ama Processor? Processor-ku waa qaybta ah matoorka kala socodsiiya hawlaha kumbiyuutarka. Magacyada kale ee processorka loo yaqaano waxaa ka mid ah Microprocessor iyo CPU (Central Processing Unit). Processor-ku wuxuu ka mid yahay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan kumbiyuutarka waana halka laga cabbiro xawaaraha kumbiyuuutarka, wuxuuna inta badan tilmaan u noqdaa kumbiyuutarka oo dhan. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad maqasho qof leh "Kumbiyuutarkaygu waa Pentuim II 450" iwm. Taas micneheedu waa in nooca processor-ka kumbiyuutarkaasi uu yahay Pentium II, xawaarihiisuna uu yahay 450 Mhz. Noocayada processor-ka dib ayaan uga hadli doonnaa hadduu rabbi idmo. Xawaaraha processor-ka waxaa lagu cabbiraa inta wareeg ee uu sameeyo halkii ilbiriqsi (seken) waxaana lagu sheegaa waxa loo yaqaan megahertz (Mhz) oo u taagan ilbiriqsigiiba hal milyan oo wareeg. Haddii lagu yiraahdo processor ayuu xawaarihiisu yahay 450 Mhz, waxaa looga jeegdaa in processor-kaasi uu halkii ilbiriqsi sameeyo 450 milyan oo wareeg. Hal wareeg waa cabbirka ugu yar ee wakhtiga processor-ka. Hawl kasta oo uu processor-ku qabtaa waxay ku qaadan kartaa ugu yaraan hal wareeg, laakiin caadi ahaan waxay hawl kastaa qaadataa wareegyo fara badan. Si uu processor-ku u fuliyo hawl gaar ah wuxuu raacaa oo uu mid mid u fuliyaa waxa loo yaqaan Instructions oo ah tilmaamo ku saabsan tillaabooyinka ay hawshaasi ka kooban tahay. Inta wareeg ee ay processor-ka ku qaadato inuu fuliyo hal instruction ayaa lagu cabbiraa xawaaraha dhabta ah ee processor-ka. Taasina waxay ku xiran tahay nooca processor-ka. Tusaale ahaan processor-radii ugu horreeyay (8086 iyo 8088) wuxuu halkii instruction ku qaadan jiray celcelis ahaan 12 (laba iyo toban) wareeg. Halka maanta processor-rada carsiga ah (Pentium II iyo wixii ka dambeeyay) ay hal wareeg ku fulin karaan saddex instructions iyo wax ka badan. Taasi waxay keenaysaa in laba processor oo uu xawaarahoodu yahay 200 Mhz laakiin uu noocoodu kala duwan yahay ay aad u kala dheereeyaan iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay inta instruction ee uu processor walbaa fulin karo halkii wareeg. Processor walbaa processor-kii uu ka dambeeyay wuu ka dheereeyaa maadaama ay had iyo jeer sii yaraanaysay tirada wareegyada ay processor-ka ku qaadanayso fulinta halkii instruction. Waxaa jira dhawr arrimood oo saamayn ku leh xawaaraha processor-ka. Arrimahaas kuwa ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah: j0i06ka95urb99lrwtd0vzs1fgw40ol Asharaaf 0 7978 298428 298243 2026-06-11T01:58:53Z ~2026-34291-07 46055 /* */ 298428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Asharaaf<br /> الأشراف|flag={{flagcountry|Somalia}} {{flagcountry|Itoobiya}} {{flagcountry|Kenya}}|related-c=Carab|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]] [[Arabic language|Arabic]] [[Kiswahili language|Kiswahili]]|image=Asharaaf|region1=Muqdishu,Marka,Baraawe,Qoryooley,Feer feer,Buur cukur,Beledweyne,Khalaaliyo,Wajeer,Isiolo|region2=Sarmaan,Luuq,Berdaale,Saranley,buulo asharaaf Baqdaad, faaxfaxdhuun,war gaduud, Rowlo Shariif|rels=[[Islam]], [[Sunni]]|region22=Asalan, Warqadey, biyooley, Baaqey, Kal iyo Kooraar|image_caption=|region24=Moolmad , Aarag , Goof Gaduud}} '''REER SHARIIF NUUR''' Waxay dagaan Itoobiya Soomaaliya iyo Kenya Waxay ku hadlaan Af-Soomaali Maay iyo Maxaa Tidhi Waxaa kalooy ku hadlaan Af-Oromo <ref group="Ashraaf ">'''REER SHARIIF NUUR''' </ref> == Jufooyinka Asharaawaxay Ukalabaxdaa marka hore Xasan iyo Xuseen . == == <big>'''Asharaaf Xasan'''</big> == Ashraaf Xasan Waa Afar Beelood Oo waaweyn : '''<u><big>1- Beesha Reer Shariif Muxumed</big></u>''' Waa reer Aad U balaaran Oo Daga Qaybo Badan Oo kamida Dhulalka Soomalida Sida (Baaardheere,jawhar ,jamame,qabridahar,godey '''waxayna U kala Baxaan Sadax Lafood''' 1. Reer Shariif Diini 2. Reer Shariif Danbooy 3. Reer Shariif Diinle '''<u><big>2- Beesha Xasan Timo weyne</big></u>''' waa : shariif Xasan ( Xasan timo Weyne) bin Ahmed alwafi bin Amiin bin Jibriil bin Osmaan bin Saqaf al- hasani... '''Waxaa ukala baxaa saddex Lafood''' : 1. Reer Shariif Muuse 2. Reer Shariif cali 3. Reer Shariif Axmed Asharaftan waxay ubadan yihiin Dhulka Soomaali galbeed Iyo Jubooyinka iyo shabeelada hoose . <big>'''3- Reer Shariif Nuur'''</big> Shariif [[Shariif Nuur|Nuur]] bin Shamsuddiin Axmed (Carabi: شريف نور بن شمس الدين أحمد) waa awowga ay ku abtirsato mid ka mid ah faracyada Asharaafta ee ugu faca-weyn Soomaaliya. Wuxuu ahaa caalim, hoggaamiye diimeed iyo sarkaal Muslim ah oo ka qayb qaatay dagaalladii u dhexeeyay Saldanaddii Adal iyo Boqortooyadii Xabashida qarnigii 16-aad. Waxaa lagu xusay buugga taariikhiga ah ee Futuux Al-Xabasha ee uu qoray Shihaab al-Diin Axmed bin Cabd al-Qaadir (Arab Faqih), kaas oo ka mid ah ilaha aasaasiga ah ee taariikhda Geeska Afrika. ''''''Faraca Shariif Nuur (Reer Shariif Nuur)''' Shariif Nuur iyo aabbihiis Shariif Axmed (Shamsuddiin) waxay labaduba ka tirsanaayeen culimadii uu heellaneyd faafinta cilmiga diinta Islaamka. Reer Shariif Nuur ama faracii Shariif Nuur waxay noqdeen macallimiin diimeed, qaaddiyo (garsooreyaal), iyo ganacsato ku nool Geeska Afrika. Waxay kaalin muuqata oo weyn ka qaateen faafinta Islaamka ee deegaannada xeebaha, iyagoo adeegsanaya ganacsi, isdhexgal guur iyo faafinta cilmiga diinta. Waxaa jirta xog sheegaysa in qoyska uu ka soo jeedo Shariif Nuur uu deggenaa magaalada Tarim ee dalka Yemen, halka hijradiisii kaddib uu farcankiisu ku faafay Bariga Afrika (Soomaaliya, Itoobiya, Kenya). Xusuusta iyo magaca Shariif Nuur waa mid weli jirta qarniyo kaddib. Waxaa hadda la heli karaa oo jooga faraciisa oo ku kala abtirsada wiilashiisa kala ah: Shariif Cumar, Shariif Axmed, Shariif Sadiiq iyo Shariif Yaxye. Dadka ku abtirsada afartaas Shariif waxay joogaan magaalooyin kala duwan oo ku yaalla Soomaaliya, Itoobiya iyo Kenya. Waxaa kaloo jira jaaliyado qurbajoog ah oo deggan dalal ku yaalla qaaradaha Afrika, Yurub, Ameerika, iyo Australia. Buugga Futuux Al-Xabasha waxaa Shariif Nuur lagu xusay dhowr jeer, iyadoo lagu tilmaamay inuu ahaa: • caalim diimeed, • la-taliye ciidan, • hoggaamiye, • iyo inuu ka mid ahaa saaxiibbadii u dhowaa Imaam Axmed bin Ibraahim al-Ghazi (Axmed Gurey). Waxaa lagu soo warramay inuu ku dhaawacmay dagaal kaddib markii mindi caloosha laga geliyay, balse uu ka bogsaday. Waxaa kale oo la tilmaamay inuu ka qayb qaatay go’doomintii Amba oo Itoobiya ah iyo ololeyaal kale oo militari. Dhammaan macluumaadkan waxaa laga heli karaa buugga. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futuh_al-Habasha '''Silsiladda Abtirka Shariif Nuur''' Shariif Nuur bin (Shamsuddiin) Axmed bin Cabdisalaam bin Maxamed bin Cali-Xaydar bin Cabdullaahi bin Abuubakar bin Cumar bin Cali-Cafiif bin Zayn al-Caabiddiin bin Yaxye bin Ibraahim bin Zayn al-Caarifiin bin Nuuraddiin bin Idris bin Nuux bin Ibraahim bin Cabdalla al-Muxdi bin Xasan al-Muthanna bin Xasan al-Sibdi bin Cali bin Abii Daalib '''<big>4- Shariif Yacquub (Ama Ashraaf Sarmaan)</big>''' waxay ku abtirsdaan Sheekh Shariif Yacquub Yaxye Canuun oo kumagacdgeer ([[Sagaal xajiile]] ) kaas oo Abtirsigiisa ku dhamaada Sayid C/qaadir Al jeylaani , kadibna [[Xasan]] bin Cali bin Abii dhaalib. waxay ukala baxaan 5 beel : # Cimraan yacqub (DAAYE IYO WIYEED) # Waabgale Waxay ku badan yihiin Bay, Bokool iyo Gedo. '''Sadexdaas lafood wixi kasoo hara lama hubo inay Shariif Yacquub yihiin.''' == '''<big>Asharaaf XUSEEN:</big>''' == Asharaaf Xuseen Waa hal Beel Oo weyn waana: Asharaaf Bacalawi sada, waxaana ka mid ah, Reer Sayid Axmed,Reer Shariif maqbuul,Reer Shariif Xamduun,Al Nadiir,Al baasakuut,jamalulayl,Reer xaji amiin oo ah (mahdeli),Reer Aw Xasan. == Dadka ugu Caansan Asharaaf == '''<big><u>Cilimaa u' diin</u></big>''' : 1- [[Sheekh yuusuf al kowneyn school|Sheekh Yuusuf Alkowneyn]] [oo ah Ah Qofkii Alifey Hingaada Carabiga ] 2- Sheikh Sharif Nurow Aamiin Barkhadle {oo ahaa Caalim Diimeed oo ahaa Aasaasihii Jameecada Rowlo oo ku Caan baxday fidinta Diinta Islaamka} <ref>Culimaaudiinka </ref> 3- [[Sheikh Hussein|Sheekh Xuseen Baale]] yaale 4- [[عيدروس|Shariif Caydaruus]] Al nudeeri [duqii Hore Magaalada Muqdisho ] 5- Sayid murshid sayid cabdalla 6- Sheekh [[Cumar Faaruuq]] [waxa uu aha ninki qoraanka oo dhan si fasiix umada ugu turjumay luqada afka somaliga] 7- Sheekh Sharif Cabdinuur (Aabihii xadiiska). 8- [[Shariif Cumar Aarak]] Iyo Walaalkiis Cabdalle Aarak 9- Sayid Axmed sayid abdulwahid [oo ahaa ninkii qarnigii 19aad ugu cilmiga badna afrika, sida ay shegaan culimada reer Makka] 10- Sheekh [[Macruuf|Shariif macruuf]] Shariif Axmed 11 - Sheekh Shariif Dhawiil 12 - Sheekh Shariif Siidkey Sharif Nuurow Aamin Barkhadle 13 -Sheekh C/raxmaan Markaawi 14 -Sheekh Maxamed Haadi (AUN) 15- Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Abaayle [oo ahaa Imaankii afaraaf Ee Imaaradii Ibeerey ee Baardheere] 16- Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdullahi Cali [oo ah qoraaga buuga (بشائر العلماء بدلائل الفقهاء)] 17-Sheekh Maxamuud Fanax 18-Sheikh Cabdiraxmaan Shariif 19-Sheikh Zakariye Shariif Xasan 20-Sheikh Maxamed Cumar 21-Sheikh Shariif Maxamed Dhuub '''<big><u>Siyaasiyiinta Asharaa</u></big>''' 2.[[Sharif Salah mohamed Ali]] (xildhibaan hore) 3. Xildhibaan Shariif Maxamed C/llahi 4. Wasiir Xil. Salah Sharif Sayid Ali (Siidkey) 5. [[Fahad Yaasiin|Fahad yaasiin xaaji daahir]] 6. Xildhibaan Shariif Mustafa 7. Xildhibaan Axmed weli 8. Wasiir Cabdiraxmaan Shariif Xuseen 9.Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Carmo 10- Wasiir Faarax Sheikh Cabdiqaadir (Wasiirka Waxbarashada dowlada Federalka ) 11. Wasiir Maxamed Shariif Isxaaq 12. Safia Ba-alawi (Gud. Deg. Shangani ee gobolka Banadir) '''<u><big>Fanaaniinta Asharaaf</big></u>''' # Shaadiyo Sharaf # Hani Uk(fanaan) 3. Doni B(fanaan) 4. Najma Nuura (fanaan) 5. Axmed Sharif Killer (fanaan) 6. Sharif Bastow(fanaan) 7-Idil Ayruush (fanaan) 8-Nimco Liina (Fanaan) 9- Mukhtaar sooshiyaal (Fanaan) 10-Mahdi shariif Macruuf (Fanaan) 11- Aadan Onkod (fanaan) 12- king Khalid (Fanaan) == Tixra<ref>Shariif Hassan Adan Mohmed (Mamulka masjad al_suna) </ref>ac == tlcjzskmd756991e1nqq716pyed3iz0 Smartphone 0 9497 298414 294871 2026-06-10T14:49:10Z ~2026-34200-77 46046 298414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Android foldable phones.jpg|thumb|Samsung Galaxy Z Fold & Z Flip]] [[File:Motorola RAZR XT910.jpg|thumb|Motorola RAZR XT]] '''Smartphone''' ([[carabi|Af-Carabi]]: هاتف ذكي, [[Af-Soomaali]]: Taleefanka casriga) waa magac law guyero gar kamida [[Mobile|tilifonada]] cusub oo ku shaqaysa [[:en:Mobile_operating_system|sistamyada]] hormarsan, smartphone waa magac law guyero gar kamida [[Mobile|tilifonada]] cusub oo ku shaqaysa [[:en:Mobile_operating_system|sistamyada]] hormarsan. Inta uu badan nah tilifonadan waxay kushaqeyan [[:en:Touchscreen|dhalo tabasho]], sharikadaha tilifonada sameya'na xal lagamagarin smartphon's ka tilifonada lo bixinayo, waxa kamid'ah kuwo umaleya smartphone tilifonada [[internet]] iyo [[Email]]'ada dirikara ona furkiara malaf'yada office ona leh [[:en:Computer_keyboard|keybord]] dhamaystiran QWERTY, bes tilmanshada ugufican oo ugu yelitan badan wa tilifonada kushaqeya sistamyadan: [[:en:IOS|iOS]], [[Android]], [[:en:BlackBerry_10|BlackBerry OS 10]]. =Magacyada taleefannada casriga ah= *Apple [https://yoofinder.com/iphone/ iPhone] *Techno *Nokia *Motorola *Sony *iwm. [[Category:Teknooloji]] qi1ue7d1ezf0z1ma4ae2xs0ybp8p1dv Maxamed Mooge 0 9595 298441 298402 2026-06-11T11:45:38Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Heesha */ 298441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = Maxamed Mooge Liibaan | name = <br />محمد الموجي لبنان | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_size = 600px | alt = | caption = Maxamed Mooge Liibaan | native_name = | native_name_lang = Somaliland | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name above --> | birth_date = Horaantii 1944 | birth_place = [[Hargeysa]], [[Somaliland]] , [[Somalia]] | baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --> | disappeared_date = <!-- {{disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = {{Dhimashada iyo sanadka|1984|06|04|1944}} | death_place = inta u dhaxeysa Awaare Iyo Dhagaxbuur | death_cause = Shirqool lagu dilay | body_discovered = | resting_place = duleedka degmada Awaare | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | ethnicity = [[Somali]] | citizenship = [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|25px]] [[Somaliland]] | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Macalin]], [[Abwaan]], Hoggaamiye militari | years_active = 1960kii ilaa 1980meyihii | era = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = [[Abwaan]], [[Siyaasad|dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasad]] | style = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = [[SNM]] | opponents = | boards = | religion = [[Islaam]] | denomination = <!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | criminal_charge = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = [[Axmed Mooge Liibaan]] | callsign = | awards = | website = {{URL|1=https://masuul.com/hees/artist/m/mohamed-mooge |2=Mohamed mooge 128 heesood}} | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = }} '''Maxamed Mooge Liibaan''' (Af Ingiriis: Mohamed Mooge Liibaan, Af Carabi: محمد الموجي لبنان) wuxuu ahaa macallin, fanaan, abwaan hal-abuur sare leh iyo halgamaa Soomaaliyeed oo si weyn ugu lug lahaa fanka, suugaanta iyo siyaasadda. Wuxuu caan ku ahaa codkiisa firfircoon, heesaha gubaabada iyo doorkiisii wacyigelinta shacabka xilliyadii adkaa ee Soomaaliya. ==Tariikh== Maxamed Mooge Liibaan wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada [[Hargeysa]] oo maanta ah caasimadda dalka [[Somaliland]]. Asaga iyo walaalkiis Axmed Mooge, iyagoo da'yar, waxay bilaabeen heesida iyo laxameynta suugaanta Soomaaliyeed, iyaga oo noqday labo ka mid ah fannaaniintii ugu caansan uguna saamaynta badnaa waqtigooda. Maxamed Mooge waxa uu sidoo kale ka mid ahaa xubnihii kooxda faneed ee caanka ahayd ee Hobolada Waaberi, taas oo ahayd hobol faneedkii ugu weynaa uguna saameynta badnaa ee Soomaaliya. Maxamed Mooge wuxuu caan ku noqday garaacida kaban-ka, isagoo noqday fanaan aad u gaar ah oo laxan iyo codba leh. Ka hor intii aanu si buuxda u gelin fanka, Maxamed wuxuu ahaa macallin ka tirsan Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Soomaaliya. Fanaannimadiisa waxaa si weyn loogu arkay sanadihii 1970-meeyadii, xilli ay ka dhex muuqdeen heeso wacyigelin iyo kuwa bulshada u taagan. Sannadkii 1971, taliskii Soomaaliya ayaa Maxamed Mooge shaqada ka fadhiisiyay, kadib markii loo arkay inuu ka soo horjeedo xukunka kalitaliska ee Maxamed Siyaad Barre. Intii uu dalka joogo, Maxamed Mooge wuxuu qaaday heeso si dadban uga soo horjeeday nidaamka xukunka, isaga oo adeegsanayay suugaan wacyigelin ah oo dhiirrigelinaysay xorriyadda iyo midnimada bulshada. Intii lagu guda jiray 1970-meeyadii, Maxamed Mooge si qarsoodi ah ayuu dalka uga baxay, wuxuuna muddo ku sugnaa dalalka Kiiniya iyo Ingiriiska, halkaas oo uu ka sii waday halganka faneed iyo midka siyaasadeed ee uu ku doonayay inuu ka hor yimaado nidaamka cadaawadda ku heystay shacabka Soomaaliyeed. Maxamed Mooge wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ku biiray dhaqdhaqaaqii Siyaad-diidka ahaa ee Jabhadda SSDF, halkaas oo uu noqday fanaan hoggaaminayay halganka wacyigelinta. Waxaa ka mid ah heesihii uu qaaday "Soomaalidu ma huruddaa?" iyo "Lix iyo labaatankii Juun ku lednay, kowdii Luulyo liibaaney, kow iyo labaatankii Oktoobar leeleelay" — heeso si toos ah uga dhan ahaa nidaamkii kali-taliska. ku dhawaad muddo saddex sano ah ayuu maxamed mooge la shaqeynayay ''Jabhaddii SSDF''. Maxamed Mooge wuxuu ahaa qof aad u nacayb badan xukunka Siyaad Barre, mana jirin heeso uu ku ammaanay nidaamkaas. Sidoo kale, ma jirin heeso badan oo Idaacadaha Dowladda Soomaaliyeed laga duubay, sababtoo ah Maxamed Mooge wuxuu u arkayay idaacadahaasi inay yihiin kuwo aan matalin shacabka, una adeegaya taliska. Fanka Maxamed Mooge wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta fanka loo yaqaan "Fadhiga," wuxuuna leeyahay cod lab-labaan ah oo aad u macaan, lehna luuq farshaxanimo ku dheehan. Codkiisa iyo laxankiisa ayaa dadka si qoto dheer u taabtay, waxaana la sheegaa in heesihiisa ay yihiin kuwa guryaha Soomaaliyeed laga maqlo ilaa iyo maanta. Maxamed Mooge wuxuu ahaa bulshaawi qalanbaawi, hilaad fog iyo hiyi durugsan, wuxuuna fankiisa u arkaa mid aan duugoobi doonin inta ay dad nool yihiin. Maxamed Mooge wuxuu ahaa walaalkii fanka Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ahaa Axmed Mooge. Ilaahay naxariistii janno ha ka waraabiyo, Maxamed Mooge wuxuu ku shahiiday halganka xoraynta Soomaaliliand 5-ta June 1984. ===SNM=== Maxamed Mooge wuxuu si firfircoon uga qayb qaatay halgankii ka dhanka ahaa xukunka Siyaad Barre, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa hoggaamiyeyaashii wacyigelinta ee ururka SNM (Somaliland National Movement). Ka hor intii uusan si rasmi ah ugu biirin SNM, wuxuu ku jiray Jabhaddii SSDF, isagoo ah fanaan waday heeso si toos ah ula dagaalamay taliska. Maxamed Mooge wuxuu ahaa madaxii warfaafinta iyo idaacaddii halganka ee SNM, isagoo si weyn uga qayb qaatay gudbinta fariimaha halganka iyo wacyigelinta bulshada. Waxa uu si hagar la’aan ah ugu huray noloshiisa hawlihii xoraynta, waxaana lagu xasuustaa geesinimadiisa iyo kartidiisa wacyigelineed. Waxaa xusid mudan in Maxamed Mooge Liibaan, inuu ka mid ahaaa taliyeyaasha milatari ee SNM sida C''ol. Maxamed Kaahin , Col. Ibraahim Koodbuur'', C''ol. Aadan Maxamed Guhad (Aden walli)'' , ''Mahamoud Ismail Gabush'' , ''Gen.Daoud iyo taliyayal iyo Saraakiil ciidamo badan'' , haddana uu si dhow ula shaqeyn jiray dhammaan qeybaha SNM . Mooge wuxuu codka iyo maskaxda wacyigelinta iyo siyasada ururka, isagoo ahaa tiir-dhexaadka suugaanta halganka, Hawl-galinta , Sahanka iyo Bixinta talooyinka ciiddan. ====Hoggaamiyeyaasha La Xidhiidha (SNM)==== *Col. Ibraahim Koodbuur *Col. Maxamed Kaahin Axmed *Col. Aadan Maxamed Guhad *Mahamoud Ismail Gabush *Gen. Daoud *Hussein Dheere *Askar (Sarkaal) ===Geeridii Maxamed Mooge Liibaan=== Afartii bishii June 1984, abwaankii iyo halgamaa Maxamed Mooge Liibaan iyo 16 dagaalyahan oo ka tirsanaa SNM ayaa ku geeriyooday weerar jid-goyn ah oo ka dhacay meel u dhexaysa magaalooyinka Awaare iyo Dhagax Buur, gaar ahaan aagga Meermeerta . Weerarkan waxaa geystay ciidamadii taliska Siyaad Barre, waxaana si gaar ah loogu beegsaday madaxii wacyigelinta SNM iyo asxaabtiisii. Waqtigaas, Maxamed Mooge iyo aqoonyahanno kale oo ka tirsanaa hoggaanka SNM waxay aad uga walaacsanaayeen in qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha ururka ay u xagliyeen nidaam ku dhisnaa khalaawo, foox la shido, iyo xiriir dhaw oo lala yeesho awliyada. Waxay u arkayeen in arrintaasi khatar gelin karto diyaargarowga milateri ee lagama maarmaanka ah, maadaama ay suuragal tahay in ciidamo aan si fiican u tababaran loo diro hawlgallo culus taas oo keeni karta khasaare weyn. Subax ka mid ah maalmaha xiisaddaas, annaga oo shaah wada cabbayna, ayaa noo yimid Xassan Tarabi — oo markaas ahaa abaanduule ka tirsan ciidankii degganaa xerada. Habeenkii ka horreeyay (4/6/1984), waxaa soo baxay war sheegaya in Taliyaha Ciidanka SNM, Ibraahim Koodbuur, uu baabuurkiisii iyo ilaaladiisii khaaska ahayd siiyey sarkaal la oran jirey Ina Askar (ma aha Kornayl Cabdillahi Askar), oo ka mid ahaa saraakiisha khalaaweya. Habeenkaas, baabuurkii iyo ciidankii la socday Ina Askar ayaa ku dhacay gacanta ciidamadii Siyaad Barre meel la yiraahdo Celiyo, halkaasna lagu dilay ilaaladii iyo sarkaalkii, baabuurkiina subaxnimadii waxaa la geeyey Hargeysa. Markii uu war ka helay dhacdadan, Maxamed Mooge ayaa si cadho leh ugu yidhi Xassan Tarabi — oo laftiisu ka mid ahaa raggii khalaaweya, islamarkaana xertiisa gaarka ah uu ka tirsanaa wadaadka la dilay — isagoo kaftan qadhaadh ku jiro: > “Xassan Tarabiyow, xiligan aadka u xun ee qof wax ka yaqaanna ciidamada iyo amnigooda aysan suuragal ahayn in sahal lagu seego, maxaa haddii Ina Askar yahay awliyo uu ciidanka faqashta ee Celiya ku gabanaya ugu sii sheegi waayey in khatar ay soo fool leedahay, oo aan loo sheegin?” Hadalkan ayaa Xassan Tarabi cadho geliyey, wuxuuna isla markiiba bastoolad kala baxay, isagoo toogasho ku dhuftay Maxamed Mooge, xabadduna waxay ka cuskatay aagga goljilicda ee sarcanta guudkeeda. Maxamed Mooge waxaa loo qaaday dhakhtarka ciidanka ee Awaare, balse dhakhtarku wuxuu ku taliyey in loo qaado Dhagax Buur. Intii lagu sii jiray safarka, weerarkii jid-goynta ayaa dhacay, halkaasna waxaa ku naf waayey Maxamed Mooge iyo ilaa 16 dagaalyahan oo la socday. Allaha u naxariisto dhammaantood. ===Saameynta iyo Dhaxalka=== Maxamed Mooge wuxuu ka mid yahay halyeeyada fanka Soomaaliyeed ee saameynta weyn ku yeeshay hiddaha iyo dhaqanka. Waxa uu sii waday dhaqankii halganka iyo wacyigelinta iyadoo codkiisa iyo heesihiisu ay weli ku nool yihiin qalbiyada dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed, gaar ahaan bulshada Somaliland iyo guud ahaan Soomaalida. Dhaxalkiisa faneed kuma eka halganka oo keliya, balse wuxuu ku muuqday sida uu u qaadan jiray gabayo iyo maansooyin qiimo leh oo suugaanta Soomaaliyeed hodmiyey. Wuxuu ku luuqeeyay gabayo badan oo cajiib ah oo ay curiyeen abwaanno waaweyn sida ''Sayid Maxamed Cabdille Xasan'' iyo ''Abwaan Qaasim''. Dhanka maansooyinka casriga ah, wuxuu sidoo kale si qiiro leh u qaadi jiray maansooyinka Abwaan Hadraawi, kuwaas oo uu u beddeli jiray heeso hodan ku ah micne iyo murti. Tani waxay muujinaysay aqoontiisa suugaaneed iyo sida uu ugu dheeraa fanka wacyigelinta bulshada. Sido kale , dhaqanka waxa hodan ku ah suugaan, hees, gabay, iyo ciyaaro dhaqameed sida Dhaanto ,Baarcadaha iyo Jaandheerta , kuwaas oo gudbiya aqoon, wacyi, iyo xusuusta bulshada. Waxay sidoo kale xoojiyaan midnimada iyo isku xidhnaanta bulshada, iyagoo ilaalinaya afka iyo hiddaha dhaqankeena. Maxamed Mooge sidoo kale wuxuu noqday astaan qaran oo lagu xasuusto geesinimada, halganka, iyo fanka isku mar, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aan marnaba la ilaawi karin. ===Xigashooyin=== Cabdiqani Maxamed Xuseen, Taariikhda Fanka Soomaaliyeed, Hargeysa, 2010. Axmed Maxamed Cali, Fanka iyo Siyaasadda Soomaaliya, Muqdisho, 2005. Jaamac Maxamed Xuseen, Heesaha Halganka iyo Fanka Soomaalida, Djibouti, 2018. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Fanka Soomaalida]] * [[Dhaqan Soomaali]] ==References== *[https://hadhwanaagnews.ca/mobile/articles/27948/Foolaad-iyo-fahamkaygii-WQ-Maxamed-Yaasiin-Maxamed Foolaad iyo fahamkaygii] (Buuga Foolaad).Sooyalkii M.Mooge. *Journal of Somali Cultural Heritage — a historical account and analysis of Somali traditions and heritage, 8 October 2007. {{Reflist}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] 9an2wec93bois6p5zbb0an3swzekt35 Bulshada Bariga Afrika 0 19650 298440 271584 2026-06-11T11:28:35Z Lynorix 46050 298440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Geopolitical organization |name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-size:90%; |title = {{big|Bulshada Bariga Afrika<br>East African Community}} |liststyle = text-align:center;font-size:95%;font-weight:normal; | {{small|{{native name|sw|Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki}}}} }} |linking_name = the East African Community |image_flag = |alt_flag = Nine horizontal strips coloured (from top to bottom): blue, white, black, green, yellow, green, red, white, then blue. The emblem of the EAC is placed in the centre. |image_symbol = |symbol_type = Emblem |symbol_width = 95px |motto = "Hal dad hal nolol" |anthem = ''EAC Anthem'' |image_map = East African Community (orthographic projection).svg |map_width = 220px |map_caption = Maabka Aduunka oo ka muuqato wadanada xubinta ka ah Ururka Bulshada Bariga Afrika (midabka cagaaran). |org_type = [[Dowlad|Dowlado isku xidhan]] |membership_type = Kuwo kale |membership = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = 5 states |{{flagcountry|Burundi}} |{{flagcountry|Kenya}} |{{flagcountry|Rwanda}} |{{flagcountry|Tanzania}} |{{flagcountry|Uganda}} }} |admin_center_type = Xarunta sare |admin_center = [[Caruusha]] |latd=3 |latm=22 |lats= |latNS=S |longd=36 |longm=41 |longs= |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Dar es Salaam]] |official_languages = [[Af Ingiriis]]<ref> name="TEEAC"</ref> |languages_type = Luuqado kale |languages = [[Sawaaxili|Kiswahili <small>(Sawaxili)</small>]] |demonym = Bariga Afrikan |leader_title1 = Madaxda sare |leader_name1 = {{flagicon|Tanzania}} John Magufuli |leader_title2 = Madaxa golaha |leader_name2 = {{flagicon|Tanzania}} Augustine Mahiga |leader_title3 = Madaxweynahaya Golaha Cadaalada |leader_name3 = {{flagicon|Tanzania}} Harold Nsekela |leader_title4 = Afhayeenka Golaha Sharci dejinta |leader_name4 = {{flagicon|Uganda}} Daniel Kidega |leader_title5 = Xoghayaha Guud |leader_name5 = {{flagicon|Burundi}} Libérat Mfumukeko |legislature = Golaha Sharci dejinta |established_event1 = La aasaasay |established_date1 = 1967 |established_event2 = Baaba'day |established_date2 = 1977 |established_event3 = Dib loo aasaasay |established_date3 = 7 July 2000 |official_website = {{url|www.eac.int}} |area_rank = 17th <sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by adding the total area of EAC member states--> |area_magnitude = |area_km2 = 1820664 |area_sq_mi = |area_footnote = |percent_water = 5.6 |area_label = Wadarta |area_label2 = |area_dabodyalign = |population_estimate = 153,301,178<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html?countryname=Kenya&countrycode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=31#ke|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=9 May 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=29 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129072008/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html?countryname=Kenya&countrycode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=31#ke|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by adding the total population of EAC member states--> |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate_rank = 9th |population_density_km2 = 84.2 |population_density_sq_mi = |GDP_PPP = US$ 297.791 billion<ref name=imf>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=89&pr.y=9&sy=2013&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 51st<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by adding the total GDP of EAC member states--> |GDP_PPP_year = 2013 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$ 1,942 <sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by dividing the total GDP/population of EAC member states--> |GDP_nominal = US$ 122.672 billion |GDP_nominal_rank = 61st<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by adding the total GDP of EAC member states--> |GDP_nominal_year = 2013 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$ 800 <sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by dividing the total GDP/population of EAC member states--> |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_year = |HDI = |HDI_ref = |HDI_year = |currency = {{hidden begin |titlestyle = font-size:105%;font-weight:normal; |title = 5 Currencies<sup>b</sup> |bodystyle=font-size:90%;}} {{Currency table | heading1 = Lagu bedeli rabaa [[Shillingka Bariga Afrika]] | flag1 = Burundi | currency1 = Burundian franc | code1 = [[ISO 4217|BIF]] | flag2 = Kenya | currency2 = Kenyan shilling | code2 = [[ISO 4217|KES]] | flag3 = Rwanda | currency3 = Rwandan franc | code3 = [[ISO 4217|RWF]] | flag4 = Tanzania| currency4 = Tanzanian shilling| code4 = [[ISO 4217|TZS]] | flag5 = Uganda | currency5 = Ugandan shilling | code5 = [[ISO 4217|UGX]] }} {{hidden end}} |currency_code = |time_zone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]{{\}}[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +2{{\}}+3 |footnote_a = If considered as a single entity. |footnote_b = To be replaced by the [[East African shilling]] }} '''Bulshada Bariga Afrika''' ({{lang-en|East African Community}} ''loo soo gaabiyo'' ('''EAC'''); {{lang-ar|مجموعة شرق أفريقيا}}) waa urur maamul-dowlo ay ku midoobeen shan wadan oo dhaca deegaano ka mid ah [[Bariga Afrika]], kuwaasi oo kala ah: [[Burundi]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]], iyo [[Uganda]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.eac.int/about-eac/quick-facts.html | title=East African Community – Quick Facts | publisher=Eac.int | accessdate=2010-07-01 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319013530/http://www.eac.int/about-eac/quick-facts.html | archivedate=19 March 2009}}</ref> Janaayo 2023, Bulshada Bariga Afrika (EAC) waxay qorsheyneysaa inay soo daabacdo hal lacag afarta sano ee soo socota. Golaha Wasiirada ee Ururku waa in ay go’aan ka gaaraan halka uu ku yaallo Machadka Lacagta ee Bariga Afrika iyo in la sameeyo khariidad lacageed oo lagu soo daabaco hal lacag.[https://www.agenceecofin.com/actualites/1701-104526-la-communaute-dafrique-de-lest-prevoit-lemission-dune-monnaie-unique-d-ici-quatre-ans]. == Taariikh == === Samaynta iyo dib-u-samaynta === [[File:EAC_presidents_in_November_2006.jpg|thumb|Laga bilaabo bidix ilaa midig: Madaxweyne [[Yoweri Museveni]] oo Uganda ah, Madaxweyne [[Mwai Kibaki]] oo Kenya ah, iyo Madaxweyne [[Jakaya Kikwete]] oo Tanzania ah intii lagu jiray shirkii siddeedaad ee EAC ee ka dhacay [[Arusha]], Noofambar 2006.]] Kenya, Tansaaniya, iyo Uganda waxay iskaashanayeen tan iyo horraantii qarnigii 20aad. [[East African Currency Board|Guddiga Lacagta Bariga Afrika]]<nowiki/>wuxuu bixiyay lacag caadi ah laga bilaabo 1919 ilaa 1966. Midowgii kastamka ee u dhexeeyay Kenya iyo Uganda sanadkii 1917, oo [[Tanganyika (territory)|Tanganyika]] ay ku biirtay 1927, waxaa ku xigay [[East African High Commission|Guddiga Sare ee Bariga Afrika]] (EAHC) laga bilaabo 1948 ilaa 1961, Ururka Adeegyada Guud ee Bariga Afrika (EACSO) laga bilaabo 1961 ilaa 1967, iyo EAC <ref name="EacSite">{{Cite web}}</ref> laga bilaabo 1967 ilaa 1977. Burundi iyo Rwanda waxay ku biireen EAC 6dii Luulyo 2009. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Iskaashiga dhul-wadaagga ah ee u dhexeeya [[Kenya Colony|Gumeysiga Kenya]], [[Uganda Protectorate|Ilaalada Uganda]], iyo [[Tanganyika Territory|Dhulka Tanganyika]] waxaa rasmi ahaan loo sameeyay 1948-kii iyadoo ay samaysay EAHC. Tani waxay bixisay [[Customs union|urur kastameed]], [[Common external tariff|canshuur dibadeed oo isku mid ah]], lacag, iyo boostada. Waxay sidoo kale ka shaqaynaysay adeegyada guud ee gaadiidka iyo isgaarsiinta, cilmi-baarista, iyo waxbarashada. Ka dib xornimadii, hawlahan isku dhafan ayaa dib loo dhisay waxaana EAHC lagu beddelay EACSO, taas oo dad badan oo indha-indheeyayaal ah ay u maleynayeen inay horseedi doonto federaal siyaasadeed oo u dhexeeya saddexda dhul. Ururka cusub wuxuu la kulmay dhibaatooyin sababtoo ah la'aanta qorshe wadajir ah iyo siyaasad maaliyadeed, siyaasado siyaasadeed oo kala duwan, iyo booska dhaqaale ee ugu badan ee Kenya. Sannadkii 1964, gobollada Tanganyika iyo [[Sultanate of Zanzibar|Saldanadda Zanzibar]] ayaa midoobay si ay u sameeyaan [[Tansaaniya|Jamhuuriyadda Tansaaniya]] . Sannadkii 1967, EACSO waxaa beddelay EAC. Hay'addan waxay higsaneysay inay xoojiso xiriirka ka dhexeeya xubnaha iyada oo loo marayo suuq wadaag ah, canshuur kastam oo wadajir ah, iyo adeegyo dadweyne oo kala duwan si loo gaaro kobac dhaqaale oo dheellitiran oo ka jira gobolka. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Sannadkii 1977, EAC way burburtay. Sababaha burburka waxaa ka mid ahaa dalabaadka Kenya ee kuraas ka badan Uganda iyo Tanzania ee hay'adaha go'aan qaadashada, <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> khilaaf ka dhashay kaligii taliyihii Uganda [[Iidi Amiin Daada|Idi Amin]] oo dalbaday in Tanzania oo xubin ka ah EAC aysan haysan ciidamo u dagaallamaya inay ridaan dowladda dal kale oo xubin ka ah, iyo nidaamyada dhaqaale ee kala duwan ee hantiwadaagga ee Tansaaniya iyo hantiwadaagga ee Kenya. <ref name="csmonitor_1">[https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0309/p04s01-woaf.html?s=hns East African trade zone off to creaky start], ''Christian Science Monitor'', {{No thousands|9 March}} 2006</ref>Saddexda waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay lumiyeen in ka badan lixdan sano oo iskaashi iyo faa'iidooyin [[Economies of scale|dhaqaale oo baaxad leh]], inkastoo qaar ka mid ah mas'uuliyiinta dowladda Kenya ay u dabaaldegeen burburka iyagoo ku dabaaldegaya shaambayn. <ref name="Kenya_Celebrated_Collapse">[http://allafrica.com/stories/200705170023.html We Celebrated at EAC Collapse, Says Njonjo].</ref> Madaxweynayaasha [[Daniel arap Moi]] ee Kenya, [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] ee Tanzania, iyo [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] ee Uganda ayaa Kampala ku saxiixay Heshiiska Iskaashiga Bariga Afrika {{No thousands|30 November}} 1993 waxayna dhiseen Guddi Saddex-geesood ah oo Iskaashiga ah. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Waxaa la bilaabay geeddi-socod dib-u-mideyn ah oo ku lug leh barnaamijyo saddex-geesood ah oo iskaashi ah oo ku saabsan dhinacyada siyaasadda, dhaqaalaha, bulshada iyo dhaqanka, cilmi-baarista iyo tignoolajiyada, difaaca, amniga, iyo arrimaha sharciga iyo garsoorka. EAC waxaa dib loo soo nooleeyay 30kii Nofembar 1999, markii la saxiixay heshiiskii dib-u-dhiskiisa. Wuxuu dhaqan galay 7dii Luulyo 2000, 23 sano ka dib burburkii bulshooyinkii hore iyo xubnihii ka tirsanaa. [[Customs union|Urur kastameed]] ayaa la saxiixay bishii Maarso 2004, kaas oo bilaabmay 1dii Janaayo 2005. Kenya, oo ah dhoofinta ugu weyn gobolka, ayaa sii waday inay bixiso canshuuraha badeecadaha soo galaya afarta waddan ee kale si hoos u dhac ah ilaa 2010. Nidaam [[Tariff|canshuur]] oo caadi ah ayaa lagu dabaqi doonaa alaabta laga soo dejiyo wadamada saddexaad. <ref>{{Citation|title=Free Movement of Goods in the EAC}}</ref> 30kii Nofembar 2016 waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in ujeeddada degdegga ah ay noqon doonto [[Confederation|isku-xidhka]] halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd isku-xidhka. <ref name="Agree to Disagree">{{Cite news}}</ref> === Ku biirista Koonfurta Suudaan === Madaxweynayaasha Kenya iyo Rwanda ayaa ku casuumay [[Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan|Dowladda Madaxbannaan ee Koonfurta Suudaan]] inay codsadaan xubinnimada ka dib markii ay xorowday [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] sannadkii 2011, <ref name="en.igihe.com">{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Koonfurta Suudaanna waxaa la sheegay inay ahayd waddan codsadayaal ah laga bilaabo bartamihii Luulyo 2011. <ref name="en.igihe.com" /> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Falanqeeyayaashu waxay soo jeediyeen in dadaallada hore ee Koonfurta Suudaan ee lagu mideynayo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, oo ay ku jiraan [[Rail transport in South Sudan|isku xirka tareenada]] iyo dhuumaha saliidda, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> oo leh nidaamyada Kenya iyo Uganda ay muujiyeen ujeeddada dhinaca [[Juba]] ay u leedahay inay ka weecato ku tiirsanaanta [[Suudaan]] una weecato EAC. [[Reuters]] waxay u aragtaa Koonfurta Suudaan inay tahay musharraxa ugu macquulsan ee ballaarinta EAC muddada gaaban, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> iyo maqaal lagu daabacay wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee ''[[The Citizen (Tanzania)|The Citizen]]'' ee ka soo baxa Tanzania oo soo tebiyay Afhayeenka [[East African Legislative Assembly|Golaha Sharci-dejinta Bariga Afrika]] Cabdirahin Haithar Abdi ayaa sheegay in Koonfurta Suudaan ay "xor u tahay inay ku biirto EAC" ayaa sheegay in falanqeeyayaashu ay aaminsan yihiin in waddanku uu dhawaan noqon doono xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan golaha gobolka. <ref>{{Cite news}}{{Dead link}}</ref> [[File:Nairobi_Skyline_from_BBC_Studios.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:La_ville_de_Kinshasa.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] ==Waddanamha EAC== * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Tanzania}} * {{Flag|Uganda}} * DRcongo * {{Flag|Brundi}} * {{Flag|Rwanda}} *{{Flag|Somalia}} '''2023/2024''' ==Sidoo Kale Fiiri== * [[Bariga Afrika]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] rea5hvozvja71qo32b5dvo8b3hu8yn4 Cumar Cartan 0 42865 298437 295921 2026-06-11T10:04:08Z Maydkinool45 33894 Maydkinool45 la wareejiyay bogga [[Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan]] ilaa [[Cumar Cartan]] 295921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official|image=24BBRW - 53535940590 (cropped1).jpg|name=Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan|caption=|birth_date=1992|birth_place=[[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya|league1=[[Qeybta Koowaad ee Soomaaliya|Som Qaybta 1aad]]|role1=[[Garsoore (ururka kubbada cagta)|Garsoore]]|years1=2018–|internationalrole1=[[Garsoore (ururka kubbada cagta)|Garsoore]]|internationalyears1=2018–|confederation1=[[Liiska Garsoorayaasha Caalamiga ah ee FIFA|FIFA liiska]]}} '''Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan''' (wuxuu dhashay 1992) waa garsoore kubbadda cagta [[Soomaaliya]]. Cartan ayaa horay u noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya ka socda ee qabta finalka qaarada, isagoo dusha kala socday kooxda Pyramids FC ee [[Masar]] guushii ay ka gaareen Mamelodi Sundowns ee [[Koonfur Afrika]]. Waxa uu sidoo kale garsoore ka ahaa tartanka qaramada Afrika ee AFCON. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cumar wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay taariikh isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah oo loo doorto Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA. Waxa uu ka mid yahay saddex garsoore oo dhexdhexaad ah oo laga soo doortay Afrika iyo wakiilka kaliya ee ka socda Afrikada Saxaraha ka hooseeya si uu u dhex dhexaadiyo Koobka Adduunka ee [[FIFA]] U-20 2025 . ==Xirfadda garsoorka== Cartan waa garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan horyaalka heerka koowaad ee Soomaaliya , wuxuuna xubin ka yahay FIFA sidoo kale liiska garsoorayaasha. Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay Muqdisho 1992-kii, waxa uu noqday garsoore FIFA ku dartay sannadkii 2018 Waxa uu taariikhda galay January 2024-kii isagoo noqday Soomaaligii ugu horreeyey ee garsoore ka noqda Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo kormeeray ciyaartii Group E ee Tunisia iyo Namibia. Waxa uu sidoo kale maamulay kulamadii caanka ahaa ee CAF Champions League iyo 2026 FIFA. Cartan waxa uu qayb ka ahaa sagaal xubnood oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kooban saddex garsoore iyo lix caawiye garsoore oo la soo xulay Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha Cartan ayaa aastay taariikhda kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya oo aad u liidatay soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo uu goobjoog ka ahaa garsoore ka socday Soomaaliya oo matalayay Soomaaliya oo keliya ma aha ee sidoo kale qaaradda Afrika. Garoomada kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya waxaa soo wajahay caqabado badan oo ay ugu wacan tahay xasillooni darro iyo colaado dhowr iyo toban sano dalka ragaadiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaaladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celin lahaa nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado dib u soo nooleynta kubada cagta. FIFA ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay dib u soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaal Soomaaliyeed iyo ciyaartoy da’yar. Tababarka ayaa hakad galay sanado badan xaalada dalka oo aan deganayn awgeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka amniga, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeeda tababarka. Cumar Cartan waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu buuxiyo dulduleelo waaweyn oo ka faa'iidaystay tababarradaas iyo barnaamijyadaas. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Cartan waa garsoore caalami ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ay aqoonsan yihiin xiriirka kubbadda cagta Afrika (CAF) iyo FIFA Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Muqdisho horaantii sagaashamaadkii, Cartan waxa uu xirfadiisa garsoornimo ka bilaabay horyaalada maxaliga ah ee Soomaaliya ka hor inta aan lagu darin liiska garsoorayaasha caalamiga ah ee FIFA 2018. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay waxa uu ka mid noqday masuuliyiinta ugu caansan ciyaaraha Soomaaliya, isagoo dalkiisa u matalay dhawr tartan oo waaweyn oo isugu jira qaaradaha iyo caalamka. Cartan ayaa soo dhex-dhaxaadiyay tartamo kala duwan oo CAF ah oo uu ka mid yahay koobkii qaramada Afrika ee AFCON, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaali ah oo heerkan loo magacaabo. Waxa kale oo loo doortay hawlo sharaf leh sida ciyaaraha CAF Champions League iyo FIFA U-20 World Cup Xirfadiisa ciyaareed waxaa loo arkaa horumar u horseeday garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed marxaladaha caalamka, maadaama uu si joogto ah u muujiyay xirfad, adkeysi, iyo karti ciyaaraha heersare ah. Guusha Cartan ayaa ahayd mid si weyn looga xusay dalka iyo caalamkaba, iyadoo maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliyeed iyo warbaahinta ay ku tilmaameen waxqabadkiisa mid lagu faani karo, isla markaana dhiirigelin u ah horumarka Isboortiga dalka. ==Tixraac== [https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ “Wasiirka Dhalinyarada iyo Ciyaaraha oo marti ku ahaa Garsoore Cumar Cartan, kuna amaanay kor u qaadista sumcadda Isboortiga Soomaaliya] {{Wayback|url=https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ |date=20251117195538 }} [https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da "TRT Global - Cumar Cartan ayaa taariikhda galay, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed ee qabta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA"] [https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ "Cabdulqaadir Cartan oo Soomaaliya u dhashay oo loo doortay inuu qabto FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025"] [https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty "FIFA waxay dooratay garsoore Soomaali ah iyo caawiye Kenyan ah oo ka qayb galaya ciyaaraha aduunka ee 20 jirada"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan "Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Garsooraha Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo "Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubbadda cagta?"] [http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx "Garsoore Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Oo Taariikh Ka Dhigay Koobka Qaramada Afrika"] 97bqw1m3bgp21o5yyocz7muj9epuw0d 298439 298437 2026-06-11T10:04:54Z Maydkinool45 33894 298439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official|image=24BBRW - 53535940590 (cropped1).jpg|name=Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan|caption=|birth_date=1992|birth_place=[[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya|league1=[[Qeybta Koowaad ee Soomaaliya|Som Qaybta 1aad]]|role1=[[Garsoore (ururka kubbada cagta)|Garsoore]]|years1=2018–|internationalrole1=[[Garsoore (ururka kubbada cagta)|Garsoore]]|internationalyears1=2018–|confederation1=[[Liiska Garsoorayaasha Caalamiga ah ee FIFA|FIFA liiska]]}} '''Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan''' (wuxuu dhashay 1992) waa garsoore kubbadda cagta [[Soomaaliya]]. Cartan ayaa horay u noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya ka socda ee qabta finalka qaarada, isagoo dusha kala socday kooxda Pyramids FC ee [[Masar]] guushii ay ka gaareen Mamelodi Sundowns ee [[Koonfur Afrika]]. Waxa uu sidoo kale garsoore ka ahaa tartanka qaramada Afrika ee AFCON. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cumar wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay taariikh isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah oo loo doorto Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA. Waxa uu ka mid yahay saddex garsoore oo dhexdhexaad ah oo laga soo doortay Afrika iyo wakiilka kaliya ee ka socda Afrikada Saxaraha ka hooseeya si uu u dhex dhexaadiyo Koobka Adduunka ee [[FIFA]] U-20 2025 . ==Xirfadda garsoorka== Cartan waa garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan horyaalka heerka koowaad ee Soomaaliya , wuxuuna xubin ka yahay FIFA sidoo kale liiska garsoorayaasha. Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay Muqdisho 1992-kii, waxa uu noqday garsoore FIFA ku dartay sannadkii 2018 Waxa uu taariikhda galay January 2024-kii isagoo noqday Soomaaligii ugu horreeyey ee garsoore ka noqda Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo kormeeray ciyaartii Group E ee Tunisia iyo Namibia. Waxa uu sidoo kale maamulay kulamadii caanka ahaa ee CAF Champions League iyo 2026 FIFA. Cartan waxa uu qayb ka ahaa sagaal xubnood oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kooban saddex garsoore iyo lix caawiye garsoore oo la soo xulay Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha Cartan ayaa aastay taariikhda kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya oo aad u liidatay soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo uu goobjoog ka ahaa garsoore ka socday Soomaaliya oo matalayay Soomaaliya oo keliya ma aha ee sidoo kale qaaradda Afrika. Garoomada kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya waxaa soo wajahay caqabado badan oo ay ugu wacan tahay xasillooni darro iyo colaado dhowr iyo toban sano dalka ragaadiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaaladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celin lahaa nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado dib u soo nooleynta kubada cagta. FIFA ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay dib u soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaal Soomaaliyeed iyo ciyaartoy da’yar. Tababarka ayaa hakad galay sanado badan xaalada dalka oo aan deganayn awgeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka amniga, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeeda tababarka. Cumar Cartan waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu buuxiyo dulduleelo waaweyn oo ka faa'iidaystay tababarradaas iyo barnaamijyadaas. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Cartan waa garsoore caalami ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ay aqoonsan yihiin xiriirka kubbadda cagta Afrika (CAF) iyo FIFA Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Muqdisho horaantii sagaashamaadkii, Cartan waxa uu xirfadiisa garsoornimo ka bilaabay horyaalada maxaliga ah ee Soomaaliya ka hor inta aan lagu darin liiska garsoorayaasha caalamiga ah ee FIFA 2018. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay waxa uu ka mid noqday masuuliyiinta ugu caansan ciyaaraha Soomaaliya, isagoo dalkiisa u matalay dhawr tartan oo waaweyn oo isugu jira qaaradaha iyo caalamka. Cartan ayaa soo dhex-dhaxaadiyay tartamo kala duwan oo CAF ah oo uu ka mid yahay koobkii qaramada Afrika ee AFCON, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaali ah oo heerkan loo magacaabo. Waxa kale oo loo doortay hawlo sharaf leh sida ciyaaraha CAF Champions League iyo FIFA U-20 World Cup Xirfadiisa ciyaareed waxaa loo arkaa horumar u horseeday garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed marxaladaha caalamka, maadaama uu si joogto ah u muujiyay xirfad, adkeysi, iyo karti ciyaaraha heersare ah. Guusha Cartan ayaa ahayd mid si weyn looga xusay dalka iyo caalamkaba, iyadoo maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliyeed iyo warbaahinta ay ku tilmaameen waxqabadkiisa mid lagu faani karo, isla markaana dhiirigelin u ah horumarka Isboortiga dalka. ==Tixraac== [https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ “Wasiirka Dhalinyarada iyo Ciyaaraha oo marti ku ahaa Garsoore Cumar Cartan, kuna amaanay kor u qaadista sumcadda Isboortiga Soomaaliya] {{Wayback|url=https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ |date=20251117195538 }} [https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da "TRT Global - Cumar Cartan ayaa taariikhda galay, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed ee qabta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA"] [https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ "Cabdulqaadir Cartan oo Soomaaliya u dhashay oo loo doortay inuu qabto FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025"] [https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty "FIFA waxay dooratay garsoore Soomaali ah iyo caawiye Kenyan ah oo ka qayb galaya ciyaaraha aduunka ee 20 jirada"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan "Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Garsooraha Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo "Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubbadda cagta?"] [http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx "Garsoore Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Oo Taariikh Ka Dhigay Koobka Qaramada Afrika"] a3qptaekygj5t4mqyuq3opt0tmxmnmx Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil 0 44477 298435 298400 2026-06-11T09:35:35Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Abtirsiin */ 298435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Qabiilka Soomaalida}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Maxamed Dhimbil | native_name = | flag = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwa kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Maxamed Dhimbil''' ({{lang-so|Maxamed Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Mohamed Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Maxamed Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo magalda Salahley.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Maxamed Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Maxamed Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada Soomaaliyeed, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa, bariga Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Mohamed Dhimbil **Muawiye Mohamed ***Samter Muawiye ***Ali Muawiye ***Yusuf Muawiye ***Osman Muawiye ***Hussein Mawiye ***Roble Muawiye ***Ibrahim Muawiye ***Mohamed Muawiye ***Liban Muawiye ***Yonis Muawiye ***Mohamoud Muawiye **Fatah Mohamed ***Aware Fatah ***Mohamed Fatah ***Said Fatah ***Hussein Fatah ***Hassan Fatah ***Roble Fatah ***Damal Fatah ***Mohamed Fatah ***Ali Fatah ***Osman Fatah ***Nuh Fatah ***Cisman Fatah ***Nour Fatah ***Barre Fatah ***Dahir Fatah **Gulled Mohamed ***Egal Guled ***Salah Guled ***Yusuf Guled ***Roble Guled ***Ziyad Guled ***Ali Guled ***Abdi Guled ***Elmi Guled ***Shire Guled ***Shire Guled ***Abane Guled ***Dalal Guled ***Farah Guled ***Hussein Guled ***Wais Guled **Muse Mohamed ***Adawe Muuse ****Absiye Adawe ****Geedi Adawe ****Ahmed Adawe ****Jibril Adawe ****Allamagn Adawe ****Yusuf Adawe ****Liban Adawe ****Roble Adawe ****Ziyad Adawe ****Osman Adawe ****Egal Adawe ****Farah Adawe ****Ali Adawe ****Mohamed Adawe ****Wais Adawe ***Aden Muuse ****Had Adan ****Yusuf Adan ****Roble Aden ****Abane Aden ****Ali Aden ****Wais Aden ****Geedi Aden ****Ahmed Aden ****Jibril Aden ****Mohamed Aden ****Egal Aden ****Boqorre Aden *****Sugulle Boqore *****Liban Boqorre *****Warfa Boqorre *****Ainanshe Boqorre *****Koshin Boqorre {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== *Suldan Aden Farah Omar *Mohamoud Guure Hussein (Gaal-Eri) *Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge *Prof Mohamed Bedel *Ahmed mooge Liban *Abwan Harir Osman Guray *Abdi Hashi Guled *Mohamed mooge Liban ==References== gvmsvxsr4opjs5k1bwpksv0w15gcxkg Ahmed Dhimbil 0 44513 298419 298405 2026-06-10T15:41:25Z ~2026-33783-37 46018 /* Abtirsiin */ 298419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Qabiilka Soomaalida}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Ahmed Dhimbil | native_name = | flag = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}} | regions = | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale }} Beesha '''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ({{lang-so|Axmed Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Axmed Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Axmed Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo magaalada Salahley.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Axmed Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Axmed Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada Soomaaliyeed, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa, bariga Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Ahmed Dhimbil **Musa Ahmed **Osman Ahmed **Liban Ahmed ***Abdi Liban ****Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) *****Aden Ismail *****Iman Ismail *****Bulale Ismail *****Geedi Ismail *****Idiris Ismail *****Yusuf Ismail *****Koshin Ismail *****Barre Ismail *****Hersi Ismail *****Arrele Ismail *****Shirwac Ismail *****Mohamed Ismail *****Yonis Ismail *****Farah Ismail *****Musa Ismail *****Osman Ismail *****Sa'ad Ismail ****Mohammed Abdi *****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ******Nour Sarar ******Mohamed Sarar ******Farah Sarar ******Yusuf Sarar ******Dualeh Sarar ******Elmi Sarar ******Mohamed Sarar ******Dualeh Sarar ******Ali Sarar ******Osman Sarar ******Warsame Sarar ******Samter Sarar ******Farah Sarar *****Ahmed Mohamed ******Koshin Ahmed ******Samter Ahmed ******Egal Ahmed ******Geedi Ahmed ******Abale Ahmed ******Hurie Ahmed ******Waraf Ahmed ******Karie Ahmed ******Shirwa Ahmed ******Salah Ahmed ******Ali Ahmed ******Wais Ahmed ******Jibril Ahmed ******Mohamed Ahmed {{tree list/end}} ==References=== 4fv26lk0qj0wdwi24nqh7ot7c3tb22q 298420 298419 2026-06-10T15:43:12Z ~2026-33783-37 46018 /* Abtirsiin */ 298420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Qabiilka Soomaalida}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Ahmed Dhimbil | native_name = | flag = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}} | regions = | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale }} Beesha '''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ({{lang-so|Axmed Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Axmed Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Axmed Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo magaalada Salahley.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Axmed Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Axmed Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada Soomaaliyeed, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa, bariga Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Ahmed Dhimbil **Musa Ahmed **Osman Ahmed **Liban Ahmed ***Abdi Liban ****Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) *****Aden Ismail *****Iman Ismail *****Bulale Ismail *****Geedi Ismail *****Idiris Ismail *****Yusuf Ismail *****Koshin Ismail *****Barre Ismail *****Hersi Ismail *****Arrele Ismail *****Shirwac Ismail *****Mohamed Ismail *****Yonis Ismail *****Farah Ismail *****Musa Ismail *****Osman Ismail *****Sa'ad Ismail ****Mohammed Abdi *****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ******Nour Sarar ******Mohamed Sarar ******Farah Sarar ******Yusuf Sarar ******Dualeh Sarar ******Elmi Sarar ******Mohamed Sarar ******Dualeh Sarar ******Ali Sarar ******Osman Sarar ******Warsame Sarar ******Roble Sarar ******Samter Sarar ******Farah Sarar *****Ahmed Mohamed ******Koshin Ahmed ******Samter Ahmed ******Egal Ahmed ******Geedi Ahmed ******Abale Ahmed ******Hurie Ahmed ******Waraf Ahmed ******Karie Ahmed ******Shirwa Ahmed ******Salah Ahmed ******Ali Ahmed ******Wais Ahmed ******Yusuf Ahmed ******Jibril Ahmed ******Mohamed Ahmed {{tree list/end}} ==References=== afim8gk931d2sxk9vn3q5fpf9cq1ibj Xersi Macalin 0 47573 298406 298300 2026-06-10T13:47:12Z ~2026-34220-77 46043 /* */ added shaxda beesha 298406 wikitext text/x-wiki Xirsi macalin ( Af Englisch Hirsi Macalin) waa beel hoosaad kamid ah Beelwaynta [[Ciise]] mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]], Beesha [[Xirsi Cismaan|Xirsi]] [[macalin]] waa beesha ugu tunkawayn beelaha [[udeejeen]] xaga siyaasada iyo xaqa baaxadaba dhaqanka beesha waa [[Nabadoon cabdi gurey|nabadoonka]] guud ee beesha Dhaqanka beesha waxa goaamiya nabadoonka guud ee beesha xirsi macalin beesha waxay dagta bartamaha [[Soomaaliya|somaliya]] iyo bariga Somali galbeed ee [[itoobiya]] iyo gobalada [[Gedo]] iyo [[Doolow]] degaanada la xusu karo waa degmooyinka [[Jawiil]] , [[Baarmagoog]], [[Cabdicasiis|Abdiaziiz]], [[Shingaani]] , [[Weere]], Qalqalooc iyo deegaano kale . Beesha xirsi macalin waa udub dhaxaadka siyaasada Beelwaynta Ciise mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]] Shaxda Beesha ●Ahmadow Xersi * Aadan Xers ** ●Allamagan Xersi *** Nuux Xersi **** Muusow Xersi == Siyaasiinta Beesha == ●Mohammud Dufle AUN. ●Mohamed NurTarsan . ●Osman Mohammud Dufle . ●Abdikhadir dheere. ●Yusuf Mohamud Xiirane. == Nabadoonada Beesha == ●Nabadoon Cali Xaasi AUN . ●Nabadoon Cabdiwaxid . ●Nabadoon Suldaan Ciribey ●Nabadoon Sheikh Cali Cabdulle nabadoonka hada xilka hayo == Abwaanada Beesha == ●Abwaan Mohamed Dhaqane AUN ●Abwaan muxyadin subkane == Korneylada Beesha == ●Korneyl Cali Xaashi ●Korneyl Cali Fanax AUN 79hvuflrwdokt05mg4fkwpo1wwuumq2 298407 298406 2026-06-10T13:49:40Z ~2026-34220-77 46043 /* */ 298407 wikitext text/x-wiki Xirsi macalin ( Af Englisch Hirsi Macalin) waa beel hoosaad kamid ah Beelwaynta [[Ciise]] mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]], Beesha [[Xirsi Cismaan|Xirsi]] [[macalin]] waa beesha ugu tunkawayn beelaha [[udeejeen]] xaga siyaasada iyo xaqa baaxadaba dhaqanka beesha waa [[Nabadoon cabdi gurey|nabadoonka]] guud ee beesha Dhaqanka beesha waxa goaamiya nabadoonka guud ee beesha xirsi macalin beesha waxay dagta bartamaha [[Soomaaliya|somaliya]] iyo bariga Somali galbeed ee [[itoobiya]] iyo gobalada [[Gedo]] iyo [[Doolow]] degaanada la xusu karo waa degmooyinka [[Jawiil]] , [[Baarmagoog]], [[Cabdicasiis|Abdiaziiz]], [[Shingaani]] , [[Weere]], Qalqalooc iyo deegaano kale . Beesha xirsi macalin waa udub dhaxaadka siyaasada Beelwaynta Ciise mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]] Shaxda Beesha ▪︎ Ahmadow Xersi * Aadan Xersi ** Allamagan Xersi *** Nuux Xersi **** Muusow Xersi == Siyaasiinta Beesha == ●Mohammud Dufle AUN. ●Mohamed NurTarsan . ●Osman Mohammud Dufle . ●Abdikhadir dheere. ●Yusuf Mohamud Xiirane. == Nabadoonada Beesha == ●Nabadoon Cali Xaasi AUN . ●Nabadoon Cabdiwaxid . ●Nabadoon Suldaan Ciribey ●Nabadoon Sheikh Cali Cabdulle nabadoonka hada xilka hayo == Abwaanada Beesha == ●Abwaan Mohamed Dhaqane AUN ●Abwaan muxyadin subkane == Korneylada Beesha == ●Korneyl Cali Xaashi ●Korneyl Cali Fanax AUN bb0v5wgixagtdnibmc6p61uhohf0nfa 298408 298407 2026-06-10T13:52:02Z ~2026-34220-77 46043 /* Siyaasiinta Beesha */ kudaray Ticraac yar 298408 wikitext text/x-wiki Xirsi macalin ( Af Englisch Hirsi Macalin) waa beel hoosaad kamid ah Beelwaynta [[Ciise]] mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]], Beesha [[Xirsi Cismaan|Xirsi]] [[macalin]] waa beesha ugu tunkawayn beelaha [[udeejeen]] xaga siyaasada iyo xaqa baaxadaba dhaqanka beesha waa [[Nabadoon cabdi gurey|nabadoonka]] guud ee beesha Dhaqanka beesha waxa goaamiya nabadoonka guud ee beesha xirsi macalin beesha waxay dagta bartamaha [[Soomaaliya|somaliya]] iyo bariga Somali galbeed ee [[itoobiya]] iyo gobalada [[Gedo]] iyo [[Doolow]] degaanada la xusu karo waa degmooyinka [[Jawiil]] , [[Baarmagoog]], [[Cabdicasiis|Abdiaziiz]], [[Shingaani]] , [[Weere]], Qalqalooc iyo deegaano kale . Beesha xirsi macalin waa udub dhaxaadka siyaasada Beelwaynta Ciise mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]] Shaxda Beesha ▪︎ Ahmadow Xersi * Aadan Xersi ** Allamagan Xersi *** Nuux Xersi **** Muusow Xersi == Siyaasiinta Beesha == ●Mohammud Dufle AUN. ●[[Mohamed Nur|Mohamed NurTarsan]] . ●[[Osman Mohammud Dufle|Osman Mohammud Dufle .]] ●Abdikhadir dheere. ●Yusuf Mohamud Xiirane. == Nabadoonada Beesha == ●Nabadoon Cali Xaasi AUN . ●Nabadoon Cabdiwaxid . ●Nabadoon Suldaan Ciribey ●Nabadoon Sheikh Cali Cabdulle nabadoonka hada xilka hayo == Abwaanada Beesha == ●Abwaan Mohamed Dhaqane AUN ●Abwaan muxyadin subkane == Korneylada Beesha == ●Korneyl Cali Xaashi ●Korneyl Cali Fanax AUN qs4ar760iz7vh5wq6ez13tqqnjrcu7r 298409 298408 2026-06-10T13:59:11Z ~2026-34335-03 46044 /* */ 298409 wikitext text/x-wiki Xirsi macalin ( Af Englisch Hirsi Macalin) waa beel hoosaad kamid ah Beelwaynta [[Ciise]] mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]], Beesha [[Xirsi Cismaan|Xirsi]] [[macalin]] waa beesha ugu tunkawayn beelaha [[udeejeen]] xaga siyaasada iyo xaqa baaxadaba dhaqanka beesha waa [[Nabadoon cabdi gurey|nabadoonka]] guud ee beesha Dhaqanka beesha waxa goaamiya nabadoonka guud ee beesha xirsi macalin beesha waxay dagta bartamaha [[Soomaaliya|somaliya]] iyo bariga Somali galbeed ee [[itoobiya]] iyo gobalada [[Gedo]] iyo [[Doolow]] degaanada la xusu karo waa degmooyinka [[Jawiil]] , [[Baarmagoog]], [[Cabdicasiis|Abdiaziiz]], [[Shingaani]] , [[Weere]], Qalqalooc iyo deegaano kale . Beesha xirsi macalin waa udub dhaxaadka siyaasada Beelwaynta Ciise mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]]Hersi macalin shaxda Beesha waa 5 jufo , waa tan shaxda Beesha Xirsi Macalin. Shaxda Beesha ▪︎ Ahmadow Xersi * Aadan Xersi ** Allamagan Xersi *** Nuux Xersi **** Muusow Xersi == Siyaasiinta Beesha == ●Mohammud Dufle AUN. ●[[Mohamed Nur|Mohamed NurTarsan]] . ●[[Osman Mohammud Dufle|Osman Mohammud Dufle .]] ●Abdikhadir dheere. ●Yusuf Mohamud Xiirane. == Nabadoonada Beesha == ●Nabadoon Cali Xaasi AUN . ●Nabadoon Cabdiwaxid . ●Nabadoon Suldaan Ciribey ●Nabadoon Sheikh Cali Cabdulle nabadoonka hada xilka hayo == Abwaanada Beesha == ●Abwaan Mohamed Dhaqane AUN ●Abwaan muxyadin subkane == Korneylada Beesha == ●Korneyl Cali Xaashi ●Korneyl Cali Fanax AUN p8t3zf6tay4eybl5g7zfwxdif4v0okt 298410 298409 2026-06-10T14:09:16Z ~2026-34335-03 46044 /* */ kudaray shaxda Beesha 298410 wikitext text/x-wiki Xirsi macalin ( Af Englisch Hirsi Macalin) waa beel hoosaad kamid ah Beelwaynta [[Ciise]] mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]], Beesha [[Xirsi Cismaan|Xirsi]] [[macalin]] waa beesha ugu tunkawayn beelaha [[udeejeen]] xaga siyaasada iyo xaqa baaxadaba dhaqanka beesha waa [[Nabadoon cabdi gurey|nabadoonka]] guud ee beesha Dhaqanka beesha waxa goaamiya nabadoonka guud ee beesha xirsi macalin beesha waxay dagta bartamaha [[Soomaaliya|somaliya]] iyo bariga Somali galbeed ee [[itoobiya]] iyo gobalada [[Gedo]] iyo [[Doolow]] degaanada la xusu karo waa degmooyinka [[Jawiil]] , [[Baarmagoog]], [[Cabdicasiis|Abdiaziiz]], [[Shingaani]] , [[Weere]], Qalqalooc iyo deegaano kale . Beesha xirsi macalin waa udub dhaxaadka siyaasada Beelwaynta Ciise mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]]Hersi macalin shaxda Beesha waa 5 jufo , waa tan shaxda Beesha Xirsi Macalin. Shaxda Beesha ▪︎ Ahmadow Xersi * Aadan Xersi ** Allamagan Xersi *** Nuux Xersi **** Muusow Xersi == Shaxda Beesha == ▪︎ Aadan Xirsi * Nuux Xirsi ** Allamagan Xirsi *** Ahmed Xirsi **** Muuse Xirsi == Siyaasiinta Beesha == ●Mohammud Dufle AUN. ●[[Mohamed Nur|Mohamed NurTarsan]] . ●[[Osman Mohammud Dufle|Osman Mohammud Dufle .]] ●Abdikhadir dheere. ●Yusuf Mohamud Xiirane. == Nabadoonada Beesha == ●Nabadoon Cali Xaasi AUN . ●Nabadoon Cabdiwaxid . ●Nabadoon Suldaan Ciribey ●Nabadoon Sheikh Cali Cabdulle nabadoonka hada xilka hayo == Abwaanada Beesha == ●Abwaan Mohamed Dhaqane AUN ●Abwaan muxyadin subkane == Korneylada Beesha == ●Korneyl Cali Xaashi ●Korneyl Cali Fanax AUN d027o9ihlg40u2uo3tqg7mpfzwnp4vt 298411 298410 2026-06-10T14:14:13Z ~2026-34335-03 46044 /* */ 298411 wikitext text/x-wiki Xirsi macalin ( Af Englisch Hirsi Macalin) waa beel hoosaad kamid ah Beelwaynta [[Ciise]] mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]], Beesha [[Xirsi Cismaan|Xirsi]] [[macalin]] waa beesha ugu tunkawayn beelaha [[udeejeen]] xaga siyaasada iyo xaqa baaxadaba dhaqanka beesha waa [[Nabadoon cabdi gurey|nabadoonka]] guud ee beesha Dhaqanka beesha waxa goaamiya nabadoonka guud ee beesha xirsi macalin beesha waxay dagta bartamaha [[Soomaaliya|somaliya]] iyo bariga Somali galbeed ee [[itoobiya]] iyo gobalada [[Gedo]] iyo [[Doolow]] degaanada la xusu karo waa degmooyinka [[Jawiil]] , [[Baarmagoog]], [[Cabdicasiis|Abdiaziiz]], [[Shingaani]] , [[Weere]], Qalqalooc iyo deegaano kale . Beesha xirsi macalin waa udub dhaxaadka siyaasada Beelwaynta Ciise mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]]Hersi macalin shaxda Beesha waa 5 jufo , waa tan shaxda Beesha Xirsi Macalin. Shaxda Beesha ▪︎ Reer Axmed Xirsi * Reer Aadan Xirsi ** Reer Allamagan Xirsi *** Reer Nuux Xirsi **** Reer Muuse Xirsi == Shaxda Beesha == ▪︎ Aadan Xirsi * Nuux Xirsi ** Allamagan Xirsi *** Ahmed Xirsi **** Muuse Xirsi == Siyaasiinta Beesha == ●Mohammud Dufle AUN. ●[[Mohamed Nur|Mohamed NurTarsan]] . ●[[Osman Mohammud Dufle|Osman Mohammud Dufle .]] ●Abdikhadir dheere. ●Yusuf Mohamud Xiirane. == Nabadoonada Beesha == ●Nabadoon Cali Xaasi AUN . ●Nabadoon Cabdiwaxid . ●Nabadoon Suldaan Ciribey ●Nabadoon Sheikh Cali Cabdulle nabadoonka hada xilka hayo == Abwaanada Beesha == ●Abwaan Mohamed Dhaqane AUN ●Abwaan muxyadin subkane == Korneylada Beesha == ●Korneyl Cali Xaashi ●Korneyl Cali Fanax AUN ah0qv5dhtnkjjvh5c7q4z567yjxpu88 298412 298411 2026-06-10T14:18:05Z ~2026-34209-47 46045 /* */ shaxda Beesha 298412 wikitext text/x-wiki Xirsi macalin ( Af Englisch Hirsi Macalin) waa beel hoosaad kamid ah Beelwaynta [[Ciise]] mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]], Beesha [[Xirsi Cismaan|Xirsi]] [[macalin]] waa beesha ugu tunkawayn beelaha [[udeejeen]] xaga siyaasada iyo xaqa baaxadaba dhaqanka beesha waa [[Nabadoon cabdi gurey|nabadoonka]] guud ee beesha Dhaqanka beesha waxa goaamiya nabadoonka guud ee beesha xirsi macalin beesha waxay dagta bartamaha [[Soomaaliya|somaliya]] iyo bariga Somali galbeed ee [[itoobiya]] iyo gobalada [[Gedo]] iyo [[Doolow]] degaanada la xusu karo waa degmooyinka [[Jawiil]] , [[Baarmagoog]], [[Cabdicasiis|Abdiaziiz]], [[Shingaani]] , [[Weere]], Qalqalooc iyo deegaano kale . Beesha xirsi macalin waa udub dhaxaadka siyaasada Beelwaynta Ciise mudulood [[Udeejeen|Udejeen]]Hersi macalin shaxda Beesha waa 5 jufo , waa tan shaxda Beesha Xirsi Macalin. Shaxda Beesha ▪︎ Aadan Xirsi * Nuux Xirsi ** Allamagan Xirsi *** Ahmed Xirsi **** Muuse Xirsi == Shaxda Beesha == ▪︎ Aadan Xirsi * Nuux Xirsi ** Allamagan Xirsi *** Ahmed Xirsi **** Muuse Xirsi == Siyaasiinta Beesha == ●Mohammud Dufle AUN. ●[[Mohamed Nur|Mohamed NurTarsan]] . ●[[Osman Mohammud Dufle|Osman Mohammud Dufle .]] ●Abdikhadir dheere. ●Yusuf Mohamud Xiirane. == Nabadoonada Beesha == ●Nabadoon Cali Xaasi AUN . ●Nabadoon Cabdiwaxid . ●Nabadoon Suldaan Ciribey ●Nabadoon Sheikh Cali Cabdulle nabadoonka hada xilka hayo == Abwaanada Beesha == ●Abwaan Mohamed Dhaqane AUN ●Abwaan muxyadin subkane == Korneylada Beesha == ●Korneyl Cali Xaashi ●Korneyl Cali Fanax AUN mmz50blw8iegznhu29irzttsqe3o6bj Amina Mohamed Abdi 0 47583 298415 2026-06-10T15:28:35Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Amina Mohamed Abdi''' ( {{Langx|so|Aamina Maxamed Cabdi}} ; 21 Oktoobar 1981 - 23 Maarso 2022) waxay ahayd siyaasiyad Soomaaliyeed, waxay ahayd [[Member of parliament|xildhibaan]] ka tirsan [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] laga bilaabo 2012 ilaa geerideeda, iyadoo xubin ka ahayd [[Union for Peace and Development Party|Xisbiga Mucaaradka ah ee Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarinta]] . <ref>https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/young-female-... 298415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amina Mohamed Abdi''' ( {{Langx|so|Aamina Maxamed Cabdi}} ; 21 Oktoobar 1981 - 23 Maarso 2022) waxay ahayd siyaasiyad Soomaaliyeed, waxay ahayd [[Member of parliament|xildhibaan]] ka tirsan [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] laga bilaabo 2012 ilaa geerideeda, iyadoo xubin ka ahayd [[Union for Peace and Development Party|Xisbiga Mucaaradka ah ee Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarinta]] . <ref>https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/young-female-somali-lawmaker-fights-corruption-/5743821.html </ref> == Nolosha == Aamina Maxamed Cabdi waxay ka soo jeeday qabiilka [[Hawiye]], oo ah qabiilka Gaaljecel. Waxay dugsi ka dhigan jirtay [[Muqdisho]], waxayna xasuusatay iyadoo siddeed jir ah, oo ka soo laabatay dugsiga inay gurigeeda madhan iyo qoyskeeda oo baxay markii [[dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] uu qarxay 1992. Waxay markii dambe la noolayd adeerkeed, oo isagu ahaa xildhibaan ka tirsan baarlamaanka Soomaaliya. <ref name="Mohammed">{{Cite news}}</ref> Sannadkii 2012, iyadoo 24 jir ah, Cabdi waxay u tartantay baarlamaanka. Waxay ka hortimid odayaasha qabiilka inay sidaas sameyso, iyadoo la kulantay diidmo ah inay sidaas sameyneyso oo ah inay u dhaqmayso sidii dhillo. Iyadoo ka adkaatay laba musharrax oo kale, waxay ku guuleysatay kursi loo qoondeeyay haweenka. <ref name="Mohammed2">https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSKBN29N0UG</ref> 6brjctlaynzkxpe3t61jlv4slhfvvzk 298416 298415 2026-06-10T15:30:53Z Ayanfo189 46015 298416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amina Mohamed Abdi''' ( {{Langx|so|Aamina Maxamed Cabdi}} ; 21 Oktoobar 1981 - 23 Maarso 2022) waxay ahayd siyaasiyad Soomaaliyeed, waxay ahayd [[Member of parliament|xildhibaan]] ka tirsan [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] laga bilaabo 2012 ilaa geerideeda, iyadoo xubin ka ahayd [[Union for Peace and Development Party|Xisbiga Mucaaradka ah ee Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarinta]] . <ref>https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/young-female-somali-lawmaker-fights-corruption-/5743821.html </ref> == Nolosha == Aamina Maxamed Cabdi waxay ka soo jeeday qabiilka [[Hawiye]], oo ah qabiilka Gaaljecel. Waxay dugsi ka dhigan jirtay [[Muqdisho]], waxayna xasuusatay iyadoo siddeed jir ah, oo ka soo laabatay dugsiga inay gurigeeda madhan iyo qoyskeeda oo baxay markii [[dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] uu qarxay 1992. Waxay markii dambe la noolayd adeerkeed, oo isagu ahaa xildhibaan ka tirsan baarlamaanka Soomaaliya. <ref name="Mohammed">https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSKBN29N0UG</ref> Sannadkii 2012, iyadoo 24 jir ah, Cabdi waxay u tartantay baarlamaanka. Waxay ka hortimid odayaasha qabiilka inay sidaas sameyso, iyadoo la kulantay diidmo ah inay sidaas sameyneyso oo ah inay u dhaqmayso sidii dhillo. Iyadoo ka adkaatay laba musharrax oo kale, waxay ku guuleysatay kursi loo qoondeeyay haweenka. <ref name="Mohammed2">https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSKBN29N0UG</ref> [[Doorashada xigta ee Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Doorashadii baarlamaanka Soomaaliya ee 2016]], Cabdi ayaa ku guuleystay kursi xildhibaan oo furan oo ka dhacay [[Hiiraan|gobolka Hiiraan ee Soomaaliya]] . <ref name="Mohammed3">https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSKBN29N0UG</ref> Cabdi waxay isu diyaarinaysay inay noqoto musharax ka tirsan [[Doorashooyinka Soomaaliya|doorashooyinka]] baarlamaanka ee loo qorsheeyay Febraayo 2021, <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/24/female-opposition-mp-among-dozens-killed-in-somalia-bombings</ref> iyadoo difaacaysa kursigeeda shan nin. <ref name="Mohammed4">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/10/what-is-delaying-somalias-election</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorashooyinka ayaa dib loo dhigay iyadoo lagu muransan yahay habka codbixinta. == References == gs7qva7kno3g61ajj2x9mu2dh3hn1oa Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea 0 47584 298417 2026-06-10T15:38:02Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea''' waa mid baahsan, iyadoo laaluush looga baahan yahay inta badan adeegyada dowladda. <ref name=":0">https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard?isocode=ERI&cHash=9b6f27060253a7d19624760946748a09</ref> <ref name="awate">http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/</ref> Sannadihii hore ee xornimada ka dib, [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] waxaa loo arkayay mid aan musuqmaasuq lahayn oo leh dhaqan xooggan oo ka dhan a... 298417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea''' waa mid baahsan, iyadoo laaluush looga baahan yahay inta badan adeegyada dowladda. <ref name=":0">https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard?isocode=ERI&cHash=9b6f27060253a7d19624760946748a09</ref> <ref name="awate">http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/</ref> Sannadihii hore ee xornimada ka dib, [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] waxaa loo arkayay mid aan musuqmaasuq lahayn oo leh dhaqan xooggan oo ka dhan ah musuqmaasuqa. <ref name="tesfa">http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/</ref> <ref name="bti">http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cabbiraadaha caalamiga ah ee muhiimka ah, ayaa muujiyay hoos u dhac sii kordhaya oo ku yimid hababka ka hortagga musuqmaasuqa ee Eritrea. <ref>http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1</ref> Laga bilaabo 2024, yoolka rasmiga ah ee dowladda ee ah in la xakameeyo musuqmaasuqa si wax ku ool ah ayaa loo dayacay, shaqaalaha militariga iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ahna badanaa laguma soo oogo dacwado musuqmaasuq. <ref name=":0" /> == References == 3usq7uegb2ix6f9bood6y3uvwljtvbj 298418 298417 2026-06-10T15:41:08Z Ayanfo189 46015 298418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea''' waa mid baahsan, iyadoo laaluush looga baahan yahay inta badan adeegyada dowladda. <ref name=":0">https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard?isocode=ERI&cHash=9b6f27060253a7d19624760946748a09</ref> <ref name="awate">http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/</ref> Sannadihii hore ee xornimada ka dib, [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] waxaa loo arkayay mid aan musuqmaasuq lahayn oo leh dhaqan xooggan oo ka dhan ah musuqmaasuqa. <ref name="tesfa">http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/</ref> <ref name="bti">http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cabbiraadaha caalamiga ah ee muhiimka ah, ayaa muujiyay hoos u dhac sii kordhaya oo ku yimid hababka ka hortagga musuqmaasuqa ee Eritrea. <ref>http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1</ref> Laga bilaabo 2024, yoolka rasmiga ah ee dowladda ee ah in la xakameeyo musuqmaasuqa si wax ku ool ah ayaa loo dayacay, shaqaalaha militariga iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ahna badanaa laguma soo oogo dacwado musuqmaasuq. <ref name=":0" /> Eritrea kuma biirin [[United Nations Convention against Corruption|Heshiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee ka dhanka ah Musuqmaasuqa]] ama hindisayaasha kale ee caalamiga ah ee ka hortagga musuqmaasuqa. Ma jiraan hay'ado samafal oo madax-bannaan oo ku sugan Eritrea, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa baara musuqmaasuqa. Ma jiraan hay'ado dowladeed ama ilaaliyeyaal ka madax-bannaan xisbiga talada haya [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|ee PFDJ]] ee Eritrea si ay musuqmaasuqa ugu soo sheegaan. <ref>https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-investment-climate-statements/eritrea/</ref> [[Corruption Perceptions Index|Tusmada Aragtida Musuqmaasuqa]] ee [[Transparency International]] ee 2024 iyo 2025, Eritrea waxay heshay 13 dhibcood oo ka bilaabmaysa 0 ("aad u musuqmaasuq badan") ilaa 100 ("aad u nadiifsan"). Kuwani waa dhibcaha ugu xun ee Eritrea abid hesho tan iyo markii habka dhibcaha hadda la qaatay 2012; dhibcaha ugu fiican abid waxay ahaayeen 25 sanadkaas. Markii lagu qiimeeyay dhibcaha, Eritrea waxay gashay kaalinta 177aad ee 182 waddan ee Tusmada 2025, halkaas oo dalka lagu tiriyo inuu kaalinta koowaad ka galay qaybta dadweynaha ugu daacadsan. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13</ref> Tusmada 2025, waddamada Afrika ee ka hooseeya Saxaraha [ Note 1 ] waxay celcelis ahaan ahaayeen 32, iyadoo dhibco u dhexeeya 9 ilaa 68. Adduunka oo dhan, waddamadu waxay celcelis ahaan ahaayeen 42 sannadkii 2025, iyadoo dhibco u dhexeeya 9 ilaa 89. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13</ref> == Asalka == Eritrea waxay xor ka noqotay Itoobiya sanadkii 1991 ka dib [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xorriyadda ee Eritrea]], madax-bannaanideedana waxaa si rasmi ah loo ansixiyay sanadkii 1993 iyada oo loo marayo afti ay Qaramada Midoobay kormeeraysay. <ref name="U4U">https://www.tesfanews.net/president-isaias-warns-corrupt-officials/</ref>Tobanaan sano oo dagaal ah ayaa beeray dhibaatooyin bulsho iyo dhaqaale oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan musuqmaasuq. <ref name="U4U" />Waqtigaas, Eritrea waxay lahayd qayb gaar loo leeyahay oo daciif ah oo ay ku yar yihiin shaqaale xirfad leh. [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War|Dagaalkii]]<nowiki/>lala galay Itoobiya laga bilaabo 1998 ilaa 2000 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay ayaa sii xumeeyay xasillooni darrada Eritrea. <ref name="U4U" /> Warbixinta [[Bertelsmann Stiftung]] ee 2006 ayaa xustay in inkastoo kiisaska musuqmaasuqa tan iyo markii xorriyadda la qaatay ay jireen, haddana musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea uu ahaa mid hooseeya. <ref name="bti2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-14</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Tusmada Isbeddelka BTI ee Bertelsmann Stiftung ee 2024 ayaa ogaatay in musuqmaasuqu uu ku baahay maamulka rayidka iyo militariga. Waxay xustay la'aanta xorriyadaha madaniga ah, hubinta hay'adaha iyo dheelitirka, iyo hubinta kharashaadka dawladda ee Eritrea. <ref name=":02">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-14</ref> == References == 5nadt40yoegelnqaxv9qqjo11jzpqbz Golaha Qaranka (Eritrea) 0 47585 298421 2026-06-10T15:48:33Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: The  '''Assembly''' ( {{Langx|ti|ሃገራዊ ባይቶ}} Qaran bayto ) waa wakiilka ugu ''sarreeya'' iyo [[Sharcidajin|hay'adda sharci dejinta]] ee [[Eratareya|Dowladda Eritrea]] . Iyada oo lagu aasaasay [[Constitution of Eritrea|Dastuurkii 1997]] ee aan la hirgelin, waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ka kooban tahay wakiillo ay dadku soo doorteen iyada oo loo marayo [[Secret ballot|codbixin qarsoodi ah]] . Golaha Qaranka wuxuu ahaa inuu noqdo hay'adda sharci dejinta ee ugu horreysa,... 298421 wikitext text/x-wiki The  '''Assembly''' ( {{Langx|ti|ሃገራዊ ባይቶ}} Qaran bayto ) waa wakiilka ugu ''sarreeya'' iyo [[Sharcidajin|hay'adda sharci dejinta]] ee [[Eratareya|Dowladda Eritrea]] . Iyada oo lagu aasaasay [[Constitution of Eritrea|Dastuurkii 1997]] ee aan la hirgelin, waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ka kooban tahay wakiillo ay dadku soo doorteen iyada oo loo marayo [[Secret ballot|codbixin qarsoodi ah]] . Golaha Qaranka wuxuu ahaa inuu noqdo hay'adda sharci dejinta ee ugu horreysa, oo loo xilsaaray dejinta sharciyada iyo matalaadda danaha dadka Eritrea. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Golaha Qaranka ayaa shaqada joojiyay 2002. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Tan iyo markaas, Eritrea waxaa lagu maamulayay digreeto madaxweyne, iyada oo aan waligood dhicin doorasho sharci-dejin qaran. Golaha Qaranka wuxuu ka kooban yahay 150 xubnood: <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> * 75 xubnood ayaa la magacaabay (oo inta badan ka kooban wakiillo [[Elections in Eritrea|ay dadweynaha guud doorteen]], kuwaas oo ugu yaraan 11 ka mid ah ay tahay inay noqdaan haween, iyo 15 xubnood oo matalaya dadka Eritrea ee ku nool dibadda). * 75 xubnood oo matalaya xubnaha Golaha Dhexe ee [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|Jabhadda Dadweynaha ee Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Caddaaladda]](PFDJ), oo ah [[One-party state|xisbiga kaliya ee sharciga ah]] ee Eritrea. Sida laga soo xigtay [[Inter-Parliamentary Union|IPU]], Golaha Qaranka waxaa si dadban loo soo doortay 150 xubnood. Golaha Qaranka waxaa la aasaasay 1994, goobta shirkuna waxay ku taal [[Asmara]] . [[Agence France Presse|Wakaaladda wararka ee AFP]] ayaa sheegtay in dadka reer Eritrea ay doorteen 399 wakiil oo ka tirsan [[Regions of Eritrea|lixda gobol ee dalka,]]<nowiki/>iyadoo ay socotay geeddi-socod dheer oo horseedaya sameynta shirweyne deegaan, iyadoo doorashooyinka gobolladu ay ka bilaabmeen 4-tii Janaayo 1997 qaybo ka mid ah dalka, kuwa kalena ay dhammaadeen 1-dii Maarso 1997. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">xigasho ayaa loo baahan yahay</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> As of 2026 , doorashooyin toos ah waligood lama qaban: doorashooyinkii la qorsheeyay 2001 ayaa si joogto ah dib loogu dhigay ka hor inta aan gebi ahaanba la joojin. As of 2016 , Golaha Qaranka waxaa [[Xafiiska Gudiga Sare Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Xafiiska Wakiilka Sare ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Xuquuqda Aadanaha]] ku tilmaamay mid aan jirin, <ref name="OHCHR_ER_crimes_humanity">{{Cite web}}</ref> oo aan la isugu imaan tan iyo Janaayo 2002. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Dhaqan ahaan, Madaxweyne [[Isaias Afwerki]] [[Rule by decree|wuxuu adeegsadaa]] awoodaha sharci-dejinta marka lagu daro hawlaha fulinta ee [[Constitution of Eritrea|dastuurku]] siiyay. == Asalka == In kasta oo [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] ay [[Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea|ku biirtay Itoobiya]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1962, Golaha Asmara wuxuu ahaa hay'adda sharci-dejinta. Eritrea waxay leedahay Gole qaran oo hal xisbi ah oo ay maamusho [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|Xisbiga Dadka ee Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Caddaaladda]] (PFDJ) (asal ahaan [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xoreynta Dadka Eritrea]] (EPLF)). Laga soo bilaabo waqtigii xorriyadda tan iyo bishii Maajo 1991, dalka waxaa sii socday dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo la doortay intii lagu jiray doorashadii Juun 1993; doorashooyinkii loo qorsheeyay 2001 ayaa dib loo dhigay si aan xad lahayn. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Doorashooyinka gobolka iyo kuwa maxalliga ah waxaa si joogto ah loo qabtaa iyadoo la raacayo qaab-dhismeed xaddidan, iyadoo dhammaan ragga iyo dumarka asal kasta oo qowmiyadeed ama diimeed ah ay xaq u leeyihiin inay codeeyaan. Shakhsiyaad keliya, ee aan xisbiyo ahayn, ayaa loo oggol yahay inay ka qayb galaan doorashooyinka, kuwaas oo ay hoggaaminayaan wakiillo ka socda PDFJ. Go'aannada siyaasadeed waa inay diiradda saaraan waajibaadka xisbiga. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Shahaadada == Xubnaha 150-ka xubnood ee Golaha Qaranka waa xubno ka socda xubnaha Golaha Dhexe ee xisbiga talada haya ee PFDJ iyo 75 kale oo laga soo doortay Golaha Deegaanka ee 527 xubnood sannadkii 1997. Doorashooyinka waxaa loo qabtay [[Dowlad ku meel gaar|dowlad ku meel gaar ah]] si ay uga wada hadlaan una ansixiyaan dastuurka cusub. Shuruudaha loo dejiyay 75-ta xubnood ee la doortay waxay ahaayeen: ugu yaraan 11 xubnood oo haween ah iyo ugu yaraan 15 xubnood oo matalaya dadka Eritrean [[Expatriate|-ka ah ee dibadda ka yimid]] . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == References == 1a2xfjl31gjbphax2x8o1pgoblvzudi 298422 298421 2026-06-10T15:49:34Z Ayanfo189 46015 298422 wikitext text/x-wiki The  '''Assembly''' ( {{Langx|ti|ሃገራዊ ባይቶ}} Qaran bayto ) waa wakiilka ugu ''sarreeya'' iyo [[Sharcidajin|hay'adda sharci dejinta]] ee [[Eratareya|Dowladda Eritrea]] . Iyada oo lagu aasaasay [[Constitution of Eritrea|Dastuurkii 1997]] ee aan la hirgelin, waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ka kooban tahay wakiillo ay dadku soo doorteen iyada oo loo marayo [[Secret ballot|codbixin qarsoodi ah]] . Golaha Qaranka wuxuu ahaa inuu noqdo hay'adda sharci dejinta ee ugu horreysa, oo loo xilsaaray dejinta sharciyada iyo matalaadda danaha dadka Eritrea. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Golaha Qaranka ayaa shaqada joojiyay 2002. <ref>https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> Tan iyo markaas, Eritrea waxaa lagu maamulayay digreeto madaxweyne, iyada oo aan waligood dhicin doorasho sharci-dejin qaran. Golaha Qaranka wuxuu ka kooban yahay 150 xubnood: <ref>https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> * 75 xubnood ayaa la magacaabay (oo inta badan ka kooban wakiillo [[Elections in Eritrea|ay dadweynaha guud doorteen]], kuwaas oo ugu yaraan 11 ka mid ah ay tahay inay noqdaan haween, iyo 15 xubnood oo matalaya dadka Eritrea ee ku nool dibadda). * 75 xubnood oo matalaya xubnaha Golaha Dhexe ee [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|Jabhadda Dadweynaha ee Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Caddaaladda]](PFDJ), oo ah [[One-party state|xisbiga kaliya ee sharciga ah]] ee Eritrea. Sida laga soo xigtay [[Inter-Parliamentary Union|IPU]], Golaha Qaranka waxaa si dadban loo soo doortay 150 xubnood. Golaha Qaranka waxaa la aasaasay 1994, goobta shirkuna waxay ku taal [[Asmara]] . [[Agence France Presse|Wakaaladda wararka ee AFP]] ayaa sheegtay in dadka reer Eritrea ay doorteen 399 wakiil oo ka tirsan [[Regions of Eritrea|lixda gobol ee dalka,]]<nowiki/>iyadoo ay socotay geeddi-socod dheer oo horseedaya sameynta shirweyne deegaan, iyadoo doorashooyinka gobolladu ay ka bilaabmeen 4-tii Janaayo 1997 qaybo ka mid ah dalka, kuwa kalena ay dhammaadeen 1-dii Maarso 1997. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">xigasho ayaa loo baahan yahay</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> As of 2026 , doorashooyin toos ah waligood lama qaban: doorashooyinkii la qorsheeyay 2001 ayaa si joogto ah dib loogu dhigay ka hor inta aan gebi ahaanba la joojin. As of 2016 , Golaha Qaranka waxaa [[Xafiiska Gudiga Sare Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Xafiiska Wakiilka Sare ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Xuquuqda Aadanaha]] ku tilmaamay mid aan jirin, <ref name="OHCHR_ER_crimes_humanity">https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> oo aan la isugu imaan tan iyo Janaayo 2002. <ref>https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> Dhaqan ahaan, Madaxweyne [[Isaias Afwerki]] [[Rule by decree|wuxuu adeegsadaa]] awoodaha sharci-dejinta marka lagu daro hawlaha fulinta ee [[Constitution of Eritrea|dastuurku]] siiyay. == Asalka == In kasta oo [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] ay [[Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea|ku biirtay Itoobiya]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1962, Golaha Asmara wuxuu ahaa hay'adda sharci-dejinta. Eritrea waxay leedahay Gole qaran oo hal xisbi ah oo ay maamusho [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|Xisbiga Dadka ee Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Caddaaladda]] (PFDJ) (asal ahaan [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xoreynta Dadka Eritrea]] (EPLF)). Laga soo bilaabo waqtigii xorriyadda tan iyo bishii Maajo 1991, dalka waxaa sii socday dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo la doortay intii lagu jiray doorashadii Juun 1993; doorashooyinkii loo qorsheeyay 2001 ayaa dib loo dhigay si aan xad lahayn. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/5/24/democracy-according-to-eritreas-afwerki-then-and-now</ref> Doorashooyinka gobolka iyo kuwa maxalliga ah waxaa si joogto ah loo qabtaa iyadoo la raacayo qaab-dhismeed xaddidan, iyadoo dhammaan ragga iyo dumarka asal kasta oo qowmiyadeed ama diimeed ah ay xaq u leeyihiin inay codeeyaan. Shakhsiyaad keliya, ee aan xisbiyo ahayn, ayaa loo oggol yahay inay ka qayb galaan doorashooyinka, kuwaas oo ay hoggaaminayaan wakiillo ka socda PDFJ. Go'aannada siyaasadeed waa inay diiradda saaraan waajibaadka xisbiga. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/5/24/democracy-according-to-eritreas-afwerki-then-and-now</ref> == Shahaadada == Xubnaha 150-ka xubnood ee Golaha Qaranka waa xubno ka socda xubnaha Golaha Dhexe ee xisbiga talada haya ee PFDJ iyo 75 kale oo laga soo doortay Golaha Deegaanka ee 527 xubnood sannadkii 1997. Doorashooyinka waxaa loo qabtay [[Dowlad ku meel gaar|dowlad ku meel gaar ah]] si ay uga wada hadlaan una ansixiyaan dastuurka cusub. Shuruudaha loo dejiyay 75-ta xubnood ee la doortay waxay ahaayeen: ugu yaraan 11 xubnood oo haween ah iyo ugu yaraan 15 xubnood oo matalaya dadka Eritrean [[Expatriate|-ka ah ee dibadda ka yimid]] . <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/5/24/democracy-according-to-eritreas-afwerki-then-and-now</ref> == References == kd8cr36ar84yfo6jmbdv0lk7lkk0i3g Mo Ibrahim 0 47586 298423 2026-06-10T17:35:50Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Sir Mohammed Fathi Ahmed Ibrahim''' KCMG ( {{Langx|ar|محمد إبراهيم}} ; wuxuu dhashay 3 Maajo 1946) waa ganacsade [[Billionaire|bilyaneer ah oo u]] dhashay Suudaan iyo Ingiriis. Wuxuu u shaqeeyay dhowr shirkadood oo isgaarsiineed, ka hor inta uusan aasaasin [[Celtel]], oo markii la iibiyay ay lahaayeen in ka badan 24 milyan oo macaamiil taleefannada gacanta ah oo ku kala nool 14 waddan oo Afrikaan ah. Ka dib markii uu Celtel ku iibiyay $3.4 bilyan, wuxuu aasaasay M... 298423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Mohammed Fathi Ahmed Ibrahim''' KCMG ( {{Langx|ar|محمد إبراهيم}} ; wuxuu dhashay 3 Maajo 1946) waa ganacsade [[Billionaire|bilyaneer ah oo u]] dhashay Suudaan iyo Ingiriis. Wuxuu u shaqeeyay dhowr shirkadood oo isgaarsiineed, ka hor inta uusan aasaasin [[Celtel]], oo markii la iibiyay ay lahaayeen in ka badan 24 milyan oo macaamiil taleefannada gacanta ah oo ku kala nool 14 waddan oo Afrikaan ah. Ka dib markii uu Celtel ku iibiyay $3.4 bilyan, wuxuu aasaasay [[Mo Ibrahim Foundation|Hay'adda Mo Ibrahim]] si uu u dhiirrigeliyo maamul wanaagsan oo Afrika ah, iyo sidoo kale abuurista Tusmada Ibrahim ee Maamulka Afrika, si loo qiimeeyo waxqabadka waddamada. Sidoo kale waa xubin ka tirsan guddiga la-talinta gobolka Afrika ee [[London Business School|Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee London]] . Sannadkii 2007 wuxuu bilaabay [[Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership|Abaalmarinta Mo Ibrahim ee Guusha Hoggaanka Afrika]], taasoo $5 milyan siinaysa madaxda Afrika ee amniga, caafimaadka, waxbarashada iyo horumarka dhaqaalaha gaarsiiya dadka ay matalaan, isla markaana si dimuqraadi ah ugu wareejiya awoodda kuwa beddelaya. Ibrahim wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ugu yaraan kala bar hantidiisa siin doono hay'ad samafal isagoo ku biiraya [[The Giving Pledge|Ballanqaadka Bixinta]] . Sida laga soo xigtay Liiska Bilyaneerada ''[[Forbes]]'' 2011, <ref name=":0">https://www.forbes.com/profile/mohammed-ibrahim</ref> Mo Ibrahim wuxuu leeyahay hanti dhan $1.8 bilyan, taasoo ka dhigaysa qofka 692-aad ee ugu taajirsan adduunka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo doortay liiska "100-ka ugu sarreeya" ee majaladda ''[[Majladda Time|TIME]]'' sannadkii 2008, waxaana kaalinta koowaad ka galay liiska sanadlaha ah ee ''[[Powerlist]]'' ee dadka madow ee saameynta leh ee Britain. <ref name="The 100 powerful black Britons who are changing the world">https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/oct/05/britishidentity.race</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Mo Ibrahim wuxuu ku dhashay 3-dii Maajo 1946-kii [[Suudaan]], wuxuuna ka soo jeedaa [[Nubians|Nubian]], wuxuuna ahaa kii labaad ee shan carruur ah, afar ka mid ahna waxay ahaayeen wiilal. <ref name="newyorker">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/03/07/the-dictator-index|title=The Dictator Index|first=Ken|last=Auletta|magazine=The New Yorker|date=28 February 2011|accessdate=13 November 2017|via=www.newyorker.com}}</ref> <ref name="Bedell">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_Ibrahim#cite_note-newyorker-5</ref> Qoyskiisu waxay u guureen [[Askandariya|Alexandria]], Masar, markuu yaraa, aabihiis Fathi wuxuu halkaas ka shaqayn jiray shirkad cudbi ah, hooyadiis Aida aad bay u xiisaynaysay inay dhammaantood helaan waxbarasho wanaagsan. <ref name="newyorker" /> == References == 2amg7hznapjvenwdqsg89cxewavfb8t AFRINIC 0 47587 298424 2026-06-10T17:40:41Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''AFRINIC''' (Xarunta Macluumaadka Shabakadaha Afrika) waa [[Regional Internet registry|diiwaanka internetka ee gobolka]] (RIR) ee [[Afrika]] iyo jasiiradaha u dhow ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]], waxayna mas'uul ka tahay qoondaynta iyo diiwaangelinta [[Ciwaanka IP-ga|cinwaanada Protocol-ka Internetka (IP)]] iyo [[Nambarka Nidaamka Iskiis-u-taagan|lambarrada nidaamka madaxbannaan (AS)]] ee gobolka adeegga. Waxay sidoo kale bixisaa adeegyo farsamo iyo maamul oo la xiriira oo taageera [... 298424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AFRINIC''' (Xarunta Macluumaadka Shabakadaha Afrika) waa [[Regional Internet registry|diiwaanka internetka ee gobolka]] (RIR) ee [[Afrika]] iyo jasiiradaha u dhow ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]], waxayna mas'uul ka tahay qoondaynta iyo diiwaangelinta [[Ciwaanka IP-ga|cinwaanada Protocol-ka Internetka (IP)]] iyo [[Nambarka Nidaamka Iskiis-u-taagan|lambarrada nidaamka madaxbannaan (AS)]] ee gobolka adeegga. Waxay sidoo kale bixisaa adeegyo farsamo iyo maamul oo la xiriira oo taageera [[Internet in Africa|Internetka Afrika]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2004, iyadoo xarunteedu tahay [[Ebene, Mauritius]], AFRINIC waa mid ka mid ah shan diiwaan oo internetka gobolka ah oo isku xira qayb aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah kaabayaasha farsamada ee [[Xuubcaarada caalamiga (Internet)|Internetka]] . <ref name=":26">https://www.itweb.co.za/article/internet-registry-afrinic-comes-of-age/wbrpOMg26mP7DLZn</ref> <ref name=":28">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFRINIC#cite_note-:28-5</ref> AFRINIC waa [[Not-for-profit organization|urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn]] oo leh ilaa 2,400 oo xubnood oo ku kala baahsan 56 waddan oo ku yaal gobolkiisa adeegga. <ref name=":21">https://www.heise.de/news/Vorstandswahl-bei-Afrinic-Schwere-Vorwuerfe-der-Unregelmaessigkeiten-10459901.html</ref> <ref name=":27">https://www.internetac.org/archives/2142</ref> Xubnaha waxaa ka mid ah [[Internet service provider|bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka]], [[Internet exchange point|goobaha is-weydaarsiga internetka]], dowladaha, hay'adaha tacliinta, iyo ururada kale iyo ganacsiyada ka shaqeeya shabakadaha. AFRINIC waxay u qoondeysaa booska cinwaanka IP xubnaha, waxay ilaalisaa xogta diiwaangelinta, waxay horumarisaa siyaasadaha iyadoo la tashanaya xubnaha iyo bulshada internetka ee ballaaran, waxayna siisaa tababar farsamo hawlwadeennada shabakadaha. AFRINIC waxay xubnaha ka qaadaa khidmado sannadle ah si ay u daboosho kharashaadka hawlgalka. == References == kgu8ehvmez57kg34fpmu6i6dm2fokr4 298425 298424 2026-06-10T17:46:04Z Ayanfo189 46015 298425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AFRINIC''' (Xarunta Macluumaadka Shabakadaha Afrika) waa [[Regional Internet registry|diiwaanka internetka ee gobolka]] (RIR) ee [[Afrika]] iyo jasiiradaha u dhow ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]], waxayna mas'uul ka tahay qoondaynta iyo diiwaangelinta [[Ciwaanka IP-ga|cinwaanada Protocol-ka Internetka (IP)]] iyo [[Nambarka Nidaamka Iskiis-u-taagan|lambarrada nidaamka madaxbannaan (AS)]] ee gobolka adeegga. Waxay sidoo kale bixisaa adeegyo farsamo iyo maamul oo la xiriira oo taageera [[Internet in Africa|Internetka Afrika]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2004, iyadoo xarunteedu tahay [[Ebene, Mauritius]], AFRINIC waa mid ka mid ah shan diiwaan oo internetka gobolka ah oo isku xira qayb aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah kaabayaasha farsamada ee [[Xuubcaarada caalamiga (Internet)|Internetka]] . <ref name=":26">https://www.itweb.co.za/article/internet-registry-afrinic-comes-of-age/wbrpOMg26mP7DLZn</ref> <ref name=":28">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFRINIC#cite_note-:28-5</ref> AFRINIC waa [[Not-for-profit organization|urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn]] oo leh ilaa 2,400 oo xubnood oo ku kala baahsan 56 waddan oo ku yaal gobolkiisa adeegga. <ref name=":21">https://www.heise.de/news/Vorstandswahl-bei-Afrinic-Schwere-Vorwuerfe-der-Unregelmaessigkeiten-10459901.html</ref> <ref name=":27">https://www.internetac.org/archives/2142</ref> Xubnaha waxaa ka mid ah [[Internet service provider|bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka]], [[Internet exchange point|goobaha is-weydaarsiga internetka]], dowladaha, hay'adaha tacliinta, iyo ururada kale iyo ganacsiyada ka shaqeeya shabakadaha. AFRINIC waxay u qoondeysaa booska cinwaanka IP xubnaha, waxay ilaalisaa xogta diiwaangelinta, waxay horumarisaa siyaasadaha iyadoo la tashanaya xubnaha iyo bulshada internetka ee ballaaran, waxayna siisaa tababar farsamo hawlwadeennada shabakadaha. AFRINIC waxay xubnaha ka qaadaa khidmado sannadle ah si ay u daboosho kharashaadka hawlgalka. AFRINIC waxay la kulantay dhibaatooyin waaweyn oo abaabul iyo sharci. Sannadkii 2019, mareegaha wararka ayaa sheegay in shaqaale ka tirsan AFRINIC uu wax ka beddelay macluumaadka diiwaangelinta 4.1 milyan oo cinwaanada [[IPv4|IPv4 ah]] si uu ugu iibiyo [[Grey market|suuqa madow]] . Sannadkii 2020, AFRINIC iyo shirkad xubin ka ah, Cloud Innovation Ltd, waxay bilaabeen taxane ah khilaafaad sharci oo la xiriira qoondaynta cinwaanka IPv4, taasoo keentay [[Asset freezing|hanti la xayiray]], [[Dacaree|amarro]]<nowiki/>badan, iyo, sannadkii 2022, kala dirista guddiga agaasimayaasha AFRINIC ee [[Supreme Court of Mauritius|Maxkamadda Sare ee Mauritius]] . AFRINIC waxay ku shaqaynaysay qaab- [[Receivership|dhismeed]] ay maxkamaddu u magacowday laga bilaabo 2023. Bishii Juun 2025, qaataha wuxuu isku dayay inuu qabto doorasho guddi, laakiin wuu joojiyay walaac laga qabo [[Electoral integrity|hufnaanta doorashada]] . qaataha wuxuu qabtay doorasho guddi oo guul leh Sebtembar 2025. == Hawlgallada farsamada iyo barnaamijyada == === Lambarrada internetka === [[File:IPv6_Prefix_Assignment_Example-en.svg|thumb|300x300px|Tusaale ahaan u wareejinta baloogyada waaweyn ee cinwaanada IP-ga ee ka imanaya [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] una gudbaya diiwaannada internetka ee gobolka sida AFRINIC, kuwaas oo u qoondeeya baloogyada yaryar [[Internet service provider|bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka]] iyo hawl wadeennada kale ee shabakadda.]] Iyada oo ah diiwaan goboleed oo internetka ah, AFRINIC waxay ka heshaa baloogyo badan oo lambarrada internetka ah [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|Hay'adda Lambarrada Internetka ee la qoondeeyay]] (IANA), oo ah shaqo ay leedahay [[ICANN|Hay'adda Internetka ee aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee loogu talagalay Magacyada iyo Lambarrada la qoondeeyay]] (ICANN). <ref>https://afrinic.net/internet-routing-registry</ref> AFRINIC waxay mas'uul ka tahay qoondaynta iyo diiwaangelinta [[Ciwaanka IP-ga|cinwaannada IP-ga]] iyo [[Nambarka Nidaamka Iskiis-u-taagan|lambarrada nidaamka madaxbannaan (AS)]] ee hawl wadeennada shabakadda ee gobolka adeegga, oo ay ku jiraan Afrika iyo qayb ka mid ah [[Badweynta Hindiya]] . <ref name=":46">https://www.heise.de/news/Vorstandswahl-bei-Afrinic-Schwere-Vorwuerfe-der-Unregelmaessigkeiten-10459901.html</ref> AFRINIC waxay maamushaa cinwaanada [[IPv4]], kuwaas oo si weyn loo taageero laakiin aad u yar (fiiri [[IPv4 address exhaustion|daalka cinwaanka IPv4]] ), oo ay weheliso [[IPv6 address|cinwaanada IPv6]], kuwaas oo cusub oo badan laakiin aan weli taageerin dhammaan nidaamyada (fiiri [[IPv6 deployment|dejinta IPv6]] ). AFRINIC waxay maamushaa qiyaastii 6% [[Address pool|barkadda cinwaanka]] IPv4 ee adduunka, <ref>https://www.heise.de/news/Vorstandswahl-bei-Afrinic-Schwere-Vorwuerfe-der-Unregelmaessigkeiten-10459901.html</ref> qaddar ka yar [[Qiyaasta dakhliga qofka|qofkiiba]] marka loo eego gobollada kale. <ref name=":36">https://www.internetac.org/archives/2142</ref> == Xogta WHOIS == Kaydka xogta AFRINIC [[WHOIS]] waxa ku jira faahfaahinta diiwaangelinta ee cinwaanada IP-ga iyo lambarrada AS ee ay qoondaysay AFRINIC. <ref name=":35">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFRINIC#cite_note-13</ref> Waxay muujinaysaa ururada haya kheyraadka, meesha loo qoondeeyay, iyo faahfaahinta xiriirka ee shabakadaha. Haystayaasha kheyraadka ayaa mas'uul ka ah cusboonaysiinta macluumaadkooda ku jira kaydka xogta. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFRINIC#cite_note-:35-12</ref> Kaydka xogta waxaa laga baari karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo is-dhexgalka shabakadda ee bogga AFRINIC ama iyadoo macmiilka whois loo jihaynayo whois.afrinic.net (tusaale ahaan, whois -h whois.afrinic.net 196.1.0.0/24). <ref name=":35" /> == References == 6af2t0un9wtq56un5htz37av51hgqgi Isbahaysiga Afrika ee Smart 0 47588 298426 2026-06-10T17:53:22Z Lynorix 46050 Bog cusub: '''Isbahaysiga Smart Africa''' waa iskaashi ka dhexeeya dalalka Afrika <ref>{{Cite web}} - {{Cite web}}</ref> <ref name="UIA">{{Cite web|location=Brussels, Belgium}}</ref> oo u [[File:Smart_Africa_Secretariat_logo.png|thumb| ]] hoggaansamaya Manifesto-ka Smart Africa. Hadafkiisu waa in la dedejiyo horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee waara ee qaaradda Afrika <ref>https://smartafrica.org/sudan-joins-the-smart-africa-alliance/</ref> iyada oo loo marayo isticmaalka Information and Commu... 298426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isbahaysiga Smart Africa''' waa iskaashi ka dhexeeya dalalka Afrika <ref>{{Cite web}} - {{Cite web}}</ref> <ref name="UIA">{{Cite web|location=Brussels, Belgium}}</ref> oo u [[File:Smart_Africa_Secretariat_logo.png|thumb| ]] hoggaansamaya Manifesto-ka Smart Africa. Hadafkiisu waa in la dedejiyo horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee waara ee qaaradda Afrika <ref>https://smartafrica.org/sudan-joins-the-smart-africa-alliance/</ref> iyada oo loo marayo isticmaalka [[Information and Communications Technologies|Teknolojiyada Macluumaadka iyo Isgaarsiinta]] (ICTs) iyo iyada oo loo marayo marin u helid wanaagsan oo adeegyada [[Broadband|ballaaran]] . La-hawlgalayaasha kale ee Isbahaysiga Smart Africa waxaa ka mid ah [[Midowga Afrika]], [[Midowga Warisgaarsiinta Caalamiga|ITU]], [[Bankiga Aduunka|Bangiga Adduunka]], [[African Development Bank|Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]], [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Afrika]], [[GSMA]], [[ICANN]] iyo shirkadaha. <ref>https://uia.org/s/or/en/1122289464</ref> Guddiga Isbahaysiga Smart Africa waxaa guddoomiye ka ah Madaxweyne [[Paul Kagame]] <ref>{{Cite web}} - {{Cite web|location=Rwanda}}</ref>xoghayntana waxaa hoggaamisa agaasimaha guud Lacina Koné tan iyo Maarso 2019. <ref>https://smartafrica.org/about/overview/</ref> == Shir-madaxeedka Isbeddelka Afrika == Smart Africa waxay martigelisaa shir sannadeed oo ku saabsan Siyaasadda ICT iyo Teknolojiyadda oo loogu magac daray Shir-madaxeedka Isbeddelka Afrika. <ref>https://www.biometricupdate.com/201905/digitizing-africa-the-transform-africa-summit-and-leading-voices</ref> Kani waa mashruuca ugu muhiimsan ee Smart Africa kaas oo galaya daabacaaddiisii 6aad. Shir-madaxeedkan waxaa martigeliyay madax heer caalami ah, wasiirrada ICT-ga, <ref>{{Cite web}} - {{Cite web}}</ref>hoggaamiyeyaasha ganacsiga <ref>https://regionweek.com/eugene-kaspersky-founder-of-kaspersky-antivirus-confirmed-to-attend-the-5th-transform-africa-summit-in-rwanda/</ref> iyo sameeyayaasha siyaasadda. == References == l67pxhw9p06urw6vykmin09va9awkb5 Madasha Maamul-wanaagga Internetka Afrika 0 47589 298427 2026-06-10T18:00:07Z Lynorix 46050 Bog cusub: '''Golaha Maamulidda Internetka ee Afrika (AfIGF)''' waa gole [[Multistakeholder governance|ay ku mideysan yihiin daneeyayaal badan]] oo fududeeya wadahadallada ku saabsan arrimaha [[Internet governance|maamulka internetka]] . Waa mid ka mid ah 19-ka hindisaha [[Internet Governance Forum|IGF]] ee gobolka <ref>https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/regional-igf-initiatives</ref>waxayna higsaneysaa inay wax ka qabato oo ay ka wada hadasho arrimaha dhammaan 54-ta waddan ee... 298427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Golaha Maamulidda Internetka ee Afrika (AfIGF)''' waa gole [[Multistakeholder governance|ay ku mideysan yihiin daneeyayaal badan]] oo fududeeya wadahadallada ku saabsan arrimaha [[Internet governance|maamulka internetka]] . Waa mid ka mid ah 19-ka hindisaha [[Internet Governance Forum|IGF]] ee gobolka <ref>https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/regional-igf-initiatives</ref>waxayna higsaneysaa inay wax ka qabato oo ay ka wada hadasho arrimaha dhammaan 54-ta waddan ee Afrika. <ref>https://afrisig.org/2019/09/25/the-importance-of-the-african-internet-governance-forum/</ref> == Hawlgalka iyo taariikhda == Golaha Maamulka Internetka ee Afrika ayaa la aasaasay intii lagu jiray IGF-ga caalamiga ah ee lagu qabtay [[Nayroobi|Nairobi]]<nowiki/>sannadkii 2011. <ref name=":0">https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/30938-doc-african_internet_governance_forum_rev1_0.pdf</ref> 2 ilaa 4 Sebtembar, Golaha Wasiirrada ICT-ga ee Midowga Afrika ayaa ansixiyay hay'adda. <ref name=":3">https://www.afigf.africa/sites/default/files/report%20afigf%202012.pdf</ref> Shirkii ugu horreeyay ee AfIGF, halkaas oo ka qaybgalayaashu ay ku go'aamiyeen shuruudaha tixraaca, <ref name=":32">https://www.afigf.africa/sites/default/files/report%20afigf%202012.pdf</ref> wuxuu ka dhacay Qaahira sanadkii 2012. Tan iyo markaas, siddeed kulan oo kale ayaa xigay. <ref>https://www.afigf.africa/?q=past_events</ref> == Qaab-dhismeedka ururka iyo maaliyadda == === Xoghaynta === Xoghaynta AfIGF waxay u dhisan tahay si la mid ah xoghaynta caalamiga ah ee IGF. <ref name=":02">https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/30938-doc-african_internet_governance_forum_rev1_0.pdf</ref> Martigelinteeda waa Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Afrika ( [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|UNECA]] ) waxayna sidoo kale taageero ka heshaa [[African Union Commission|Guddiga Midowga Afrika]] . <ref>https://archive.uneca.org/afigf</ref> Waxay ku taal [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] . == References == l9014qnm12aw9xdxsuyeolvi4fd73ph Eri-TV 0 47590 298430 2026-06-11T08:38:55Z Lynorix 46050 Bog cusub: '''Eri-TV''', {{Efn|{{langx|ti|ኤሪ-ቲቪ}}}} {{Efn|{{langx|ar|اري تي.في}}<ref name="eritv2">{{cite news|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9/|script-title=ar:التلفزيون الاريتري يبث مقابلة مباشرة مع الرئيس بعد شائعات عن صحته|date=... 298430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eri-TV''', {{Efn|{{langx|ti|ኤሪ-ቲቪ}}}} {{Efn|{{langx|ar|اري تي.في}}<ref name="eritv2">{{cite news|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9/|script-title=ar:التلفزيون الاريتري يبث مقابلة مباشرة مع الرئيس بعد شائعات عن صحته|date=30 April 2021|access-date=18 December 2025|work=[[Al-Quds Al-Arabi]]|language=ar}}</ref>}} soo gaabiyey '''Telefishanka''' {{Langx|ti|ተለቪዥን ኤርትራ}} ), <ref name="eritv">https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9/</ref> waa shabakadda telefishanka ee ay dawladdu leedahay ee Eritrea, oo la aasaasay Janaayo 1993 laba sano ka dib markii ay ''xorowday'' . Waxay xarunteedu tahay caasimadda [[Asmara]] waxayna baahisaa 24 saacadood maalintii. Eri-TV waxay bixisaa barnaamijyo kala duwan, sida wararka iyo arrimaha hadda jira, siyaasadda, horumarka, ciyaaraha, madadaalada, iyo dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea">{{Cite book|last=Connell|first=Dan|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Eritrea/WRWbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA362|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|date=15 July 2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781538120668|page=362|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV sidoo kale waa mid caan ka ah dadka reer Eritrea ee ku nool dibadda dalka iyadoo lagu qiyaasay 1-2 milyan oo daawadayaal ah toddobaadle, iyadoo shabakadu ay sheeganayso inay u isticmaasho inay la xiriirto. Shabakadu waxay maamushaa saddex saldhig oo telefishan oo waaweyn. <ref>{{Cite book|last=UNESCO|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_African_Film_Industry/i_BMEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA108|title=The African Film Industry|date=October 2021|publisher=[[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]|page=108|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waa telefishanka kaliya ee gudaha ka shaqeeya ee Eritrea sida sharcigu qabo. Shabakadu waxay ku baahisaa afar luqadood, kuwaas oo kala ah Tigrinya, Carabi, Tigre, iyo Ingiriis. <ref name="sage">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waxay aqoonsan tahay Dhaqanka Dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Eritrea waxayna inta badan qaadatay waqti isku mid ah oo u dhexeeya mid kasta oo ka mid ah luqadaha lagu hadlo ee dalka. Eri-TV waxaa maamusha oo maalgelisa Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee Eritrea. == Taariikh == Kahor xornimada Eritrea, ETV-ga Itoobiya wuxuu qorsheynayay inuu ka dhiso idaacad gudbisa hawada magaalada [[Asmara]] taariikh shaqo oo ku beegan Diseembar 1976, kanaalada VHF 5 oo leh ERP 1kW ah. <ref name="tvfactbook">https://www.bbc.com/tigrinya/52946687</ref> Waqtigaas, [[United States Armed Forces|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Mareykanka]] waxay ka shaqeynayeen xarun koronto oo yar oo magaalada ku taal oo maalin walba u gudbisa daawadayaasha maxalliga ah. <ref>https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1977-TV-Factbook/1977-TV-Factbook.pdf</ref> Ka dib aftidii horseeday xornimadooda, Eri-TV waxaa la sameeyay Janaayo 1993, iyadoo la kaashanayo farsamoyaqaanno Kanada ah. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Killion|first=Tom|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8108-3437-5|location=Lanham (Md.)/London|pages=535|language=en}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa baahin jirtay iyada oo leh gudbiye 1kW oo si dhib yar u daboolaya magaalada caasimadda. Dabayaaqadii 2003, idaacaddu waxay u cusbooneysiisay gudbiyeheeda 5kW, saldhigyada gudbinta ee Eri-TV-na waxaa laga bilaabay meelaha muhiimka ah, taasoo baahinteeda ku fidisay inta badan qaybaha dalka, inkastoo dhulkeeda buuraha leh uu ka hor istaagay inuu ka sii daayo dhammaan Eritrea. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2">{{Cite book|last=Connell|first=Dan|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Eritrea/WRWbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA362|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|date=15 July 2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781538120668|page=362|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref>Warbaahinta dayax-gacmeedka iyo daawashada internetka ayaa bilaabmay isla sanadkaas si loogu adeego [[Eritrean diaspora|qurba-joogta Eritrea]] . <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TC2OBAAAQBAJ&dq=eri+tv+on+satellite+2003&pg=PA108 ''Eri TV on Satellite''], ''The Mouse That Roars'', chapter 3.</ref> Eri-TV waxay bilowday baahinta dijitaalka ah 2004. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2" /> == Kanaal == === Eri-TV 1 === Eri-TV 1 waxay si caalami ah uga baahisaa dayax-gacmeed iyadoo la socota idaacadda walaasheed ee [[Dimtsi Hafash]] . Idaacadaha laga sii daayo kanaalka badanaa waa warar, muuqaallo muusig ama riwaayado. Waxay sidoo kale daawataa filimaan gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah labadaba. <ref name="sage2">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa inta badan ku hadasha luuqadaha [[Af-Tigrinya|Tigrinya]], [[Carabi|Carabiga]], [[Af-Tigre|Tigreega]] iyo [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]] . Waxay sidoo kale baahisaa dhowr barnaamij oo ku qoran [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]], [[Af-Amxaari|Amxaari]] iyo [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali.]] === Eri-TV 2 === Eri-TV 2 waa kanaalka labaad ee telefishanka ee Eritrea. Waxa uu u baahiyaa daawadayaasha gudaha oo keliya. Waxa uu inta badan bixiyaa macluumaad waxbarasho. <ref name="sage3">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Tan waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijyada Ingiriisiga, xisaabta iyo sayniska. <ref>{{Citation|title=ERI-TV Live: Eritrea TV}}</ref> === Eri-TV 3 === Eri-TV 3 waa kanaalka saddexaad ee Eritrea. Waxay baahisaa wararka ciyaaraha qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. <ref name="sage4">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> == Hoggaanka == Ka dib [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]], [[Seyoum Tsehaye]], oo ahaa xubin ka tirsan [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xorriyadda Dadka Eritrea]](EPLF) iyo wariye dagaal ayaa noqday madaxii ugu horreeyay ee Eri-TV. Waxaa la xiray sanadkii 2001 ka dib markii uu daabacay bayaan uu ku taageerayo [[Dimoqraadi|dimuqraadiyadda]] . <ref name="AJE_Vanessa_Berhe">https://www.worldradiohistory.com/BOOKSHELF-ARH/Business/World-Communicatiions-Unesco-1975.pdf</ref> == Tixraacyada == lulczndbi9q024iyia2jbqekwsm51g0 298431 298430 2026-06-11T08:39:36Z Lynorix 46050 298431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eri-TV''', {{Efn|{{langx|ti|ኤሪ-ቲቪ}}}} {{Efn|{{langx|ar|اري تي.في}}<ref name="eritv2">{{cite news|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9/|script-title=ar:التلفزيون الاريتري يبث مقابلة مباشرة مع الرئيس بعد شائعات عن صحته|date=30 April 2021|access-date=18 December 2025|work=[[Al-Quds Al-Arabi]]|language=ar}}</ref>}} soo gaabiyey '''Telefishanka''' {{Langx|ti|ተለቪዥን ኤርትራ}} ), <ref name="eritv">https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9/</ref> waa shabakadda telefishanka ee ay dawladdu leedahay ee Eritrea, oo la aasaasay Janaayo 1993 laba sano ka dib markii ay ''xorowday'' . Waxay xarunteedu tahay caasimadda [[Asmara]] waxayna baahisaa 24 saacadood maalintii. Eri-TV waxay bixisaa barnaamijyo kala duwan, sida wararka iyo arrimaha hadda jira, siyaasadda, horumarka, ciyaaraha, madadaalada, iyo dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea">https://books.google.com/books?id=TC2OBAAAQBAJ&dq=eri+tv+on+satellite+2003&pg=PA108</ref> Eri-TV sidoo kale waa mid caan ka ah dadka reer Eritrea ee ku nool dibadda dalka iyadoo lagu qiyaasay 1-2 milyan oo daawadayaal ah toddobaadle, iyadoo shabakadu ay sheeganayso inay u isticmaasho inay la xiriirto. Shabakadu waxay maamushaa saddex saldhig oo telefishan oo waaweyn. <ref>{{Cite book|last=UNESCO|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_African_Film_Industry/i_BMEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA108|title=The African Film Industry|date=October 2021|publisher=[[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]|page=108|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waa telefishanka kaliya ee gudaha ka shaqeeya ee Eritrea sida sharcigu qabo. Shabakadu waxay ku baahisaa afar luqadood, kuwaas oo kala ah Tigrinya, Carabi, Tigre, iyo Ingiriis. <ref name="sage">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waxay aqoonsan tahay Dhaqanka Dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Eritrea waxayna inta badan qaadatay waqti isku mid ah oo u dhexeeya mid kasta oo ka mid ah luqadaha lagu hadlo ee dalka. Eri-TV waxaa maamusha oo maalgelisa Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee Eritrea. == Taariikh == Kahor xornimada Eritrea, ETV-ga Itoobiya wuxuu qorsheynayay inuu ka dhiso idaacad gudbisa hawada magaalada [[Asmara]] taariikh shaqo oo ku beegan Diseembar 1976, kanaalada VHF 5 oo leh ERP 1kW ah. <ref name="tvfactbook">https://www.bbc.com/tigrinya/52946687</ref> Waqtigaas, [[United States Armed Forces|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Mareykanka]] waxay ka shaqeynayeen xarun koronto oo yar oo magaalada ku taal oo maalin walba u gudbisa daawadayaasha maxalliga ah. <ref>https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1977-TV-Factbook/1977-TV-Factbook.pdf</ref> Ka dib aftidii horseeday xornimadooda, Eri-TV waxaa la sameeyay Janaayo 1993, iyadoo la kaashanayo farsamoyaqaanno Kanada ah. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Killion|first=Tom|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8108-3437-5|location=Lanham (Md.)/London|pages=535|language=en}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa baahin jirtay iyada oo leh gudbiye 1kW oo si dhib yar u daboolaya magaalada caasimadda. Dabayaaqadii 2003, idaacaddu waxay u cusbooneysiisay gudbiyeheeda 5kW, saldhigyada gudbinta ee Eri-TV-na waxaa laga bilaabay meelaha muhiimka ah, taasoo baahinteeda ku fidisay inta badan qaybaha dalka, inkastoo dhulkeeda buuraha leh uu ka hor istaagay inuu ka sii daayo dhammaan Eritrea. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2">{{Cite book|last=Connell|first=Dan|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Eritrea/WRWbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA362|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|date=15 July 2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781538120668|page=362|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref>Warbaahinta dayax-gacmeedka iyo daawashada internetka ayaa bilaabmay isla sanadkaas si loogu adeego [[Eritrean diaspora|qurba-joogta Eritrea]] . <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TC2OBAAAQBAJ&dq=eri+tv+on+satellite+2003&pg=PA108 ''Eri TV on Satellite''], ''The Mouse That Roars'', chapter 3.</ref> Eri-TV waxay bilowday baahinta dijitaalka ah 2004. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2" /> == Kanaal == === Eri-TV 1 === Eri-TV 1 waxay si caalami ah uga baahisaa dayax-gacmeed iyadoo la socota idaacadda walaasheed ee [[Dimtsi Hafash]] . Idaacadaha laga sii daayo kanaalka badanaa waa warar, muuqaallo muusig ama riwaayado. Waxay sidoo kale daawataa filimaan gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah labadaba. <ref name="sage2">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa inta badan ku hadasha luuqadaha [[Af-Tigrinya|Tigrinya]], [[Carabi|Carabiga]], [[Af-Tigre|Tigreega]] iyo [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]] . Waxay sidoo kale baahisaa dhowr barnaamij oo ku qoran [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]], [[Af-Amxaari|Amxaari]] iyo [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali.]] === Eri-TV 2 === Eri-TV 2 waa kanaalka labaad ee telefishanka ee Eritrea. Waxa uu u baahiyaa daawadayaasha gudaha oo keliya. Waxa uu inta badan bixiyaa macluumaad waxbarasho. <ref name="sage3">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Tan waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijyada Ingiriisiga, xisaabta iyo sayniska. <ref>{{Citation|title=ERI-TV Live: Eritrea TV}}</ref> === Eri-TV 3 === Eri-TV 3 waa kanaalka saddexaad ee Eritrea. Waxay baahisaa wararka ciyaaraha qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. <ref name="sage4">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> == Hoggaanka == Ka dib [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]], [[Seyoum Tsehaye]], oo ahaa xubin ka tirsan [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xorriyadda Dadka Eritrea]](EPLF) iyo wariye dagaal ayaa noqday madaxii ugu horreeyay ee Eri-TV. Waxaa la xiray sanadkii 2001 ka dib markii uu daabacay bayaan uu ku taageerayo [[Dimoqraadi|dimuqraadiyadda]] . <ref name="AJE_Vanessa_Berhe">https://www.worldradiohistory.com/BOOKSHELF-ARH/Business/World-Communicatiions-Unesco-1975.pdf</ref> == Tixraacyada == epims2y9aieegmuai2db0axxa33d6ym 298432 298431 2026-06-11T08:40:58Z Lynorix 46050 298432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eri-TV''', {{Efn|{{langx|ti|ኤሪ-ቲቪ}}}} soo gaabiyey '''Telefishanka''' {{Langx|ti|ተለቪዥን ኤርትራ}} ), <ref name="eritv">https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9/</ref> waa shabakadda telefishanka ee ay dawladdu leedahay ee Eritrea, oo la aasaasay Janaayo 1993 laba sano ka dib markii ay ''xorowday'' . Waxay xarunteedu tahay caasimadda [[Asmara]] waxayna baahisaa 24 saacadood maalintii. Eri-TV waxay bixisaa barnaamijyo kala duwan, sida wararka iyo arrimaha hadda jira, siyaasadda, horumarka, ciyaaraha, madadaalada, iyo dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea">https://books.google.com/books?id=TC2OBAAAQBAJ&dq=eri+tv+on+satellite+2003&pg=PA108</ref> Eri-TV sidoo kale waa mid caan ka ah dadka reer Eritrea ee ku nool dibadda dalka iyadoo lagu qiyaasay 1-2 milyan oo daawadayaal ah toddobaadle, iyadoo shabakadu ay sheeganayso inay u isticmaasho inay la xiriirto. Shabakadu waxay maamushaa saddex saldhig oo telefishan oo waaweyn. <ref>{{Cite book|last=UNESCO|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_African_Film_Industry/i_BMEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA108|title=The African Film Industry|date=October 2021|publisher=[[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]|page=108|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waa telefishanka kaliya ee gudaha ka shaqeeya ee Eritrea sida sharcigu qabo. Shabakadu waxay ku baahisaa afar luqadood, kuwaas oo kala ah Tigrinya, Carabi, Tigre, iyo Ingiriis. <ref name="sage">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waxay aqoonsan tahay Dhaqanka Dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Eritrea waxayna inta badan qaadatay waqti isku mid ah oo u dhexeeya mid kasta oo ka mid ah luqadaha lagu hadlo ee dalka. Eri-TV waxaa maamusha oo maalgelisa Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee Eritrea. == Taariikh == Kahor xornimada Eritrea, ETV-ga Itoobiya wuxuu qorsheynayay inuu ka dhiso idaacad gudbisa hawada magaalada [[Asmara]] taariikh shaqo oo ku beegan Diseembar 1976, kanaalada VHF 5 oo leh ERP 1kW ah. <ref name="tvfactbook">https://www.bbc.com/tigrinya/52946687</ref> Waqtigaas, [[United States Armed Forces|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Mareykanka]] waxay ka shaqeynayeen xarun koronto oo yar oo magaalada ku taal oo maalin walba u gudbisa daawadayaasha maxalliga ah. <ref>https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1977-TV-Factbook/1977-TV-Factbook.pdf</ref> Ka dib aftidii horseeday xornimadooda, Eri-TV waxaa la sameeyay Janaayo 1993, iyadoo la kaashanayo farsamoyaqaanno Kanada ah. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Killion|first=Tom|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8108-3437-5|location=Lanham (Md.)/London|pages=535|language=en}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa baahin jirtay iyada oo leh gudbiye 1kW oo si dhib yar u daboolaya magaalada caasimadda. Dabayaaqadii 2003, idaacaddu waxay u cusbooneysiisay gudbiyeheeda 5kW, saldhigyada gudbinta ee Eri-TV-na waxaa laga bilaabay meelaha muhiimka ah, taasoo baahinteeda ku fidisay inta badan qaybaha dalka, inkastoo dhulkeeda buuraha leh uu ka hor istaagay inuu ka sii daayo dhammaan Eritrea. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2">{{Cite book|last=Connell|first=Dan|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Eritrea/WRWbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA362|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|date=15 July 2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781538120668|page=362|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref>Warbaahinta dayax-gacmeedka iyo daawashada internetka ayaa bilaabmay isla sanadkaas si loogu adeego [[Eritrean diaspora|qurba-joogta Eritrea]] . <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TC2OBAAAQBAJ&dq=eri+tv+on+satellite+2003&pg=PA108 ''Eri TV on Satellite''], ''The Mouse That Roars'', chapter 3.</ref> Eri-TV waxay bilowday baahinta dijitaalka ah 2004. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2" /> == Kanaal == === Eri-TV 1 === Eri-TV 1 waxay si caalami ah uga baahisaa dayax-gacmeed iyadoo la socota idaacadda walaasheed ee [[Dimtsi Hafash]] . Idaacadaha laga sii daayo kanaalka badanaa waa warar, muuqaallo muusig ama riwaayado. Waxay sidoo kale daawataa filimaan gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah labadaba. <ref name="sage2">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa inta badan ku hadasha luuqadaha [[Af-Tigrinya|Tigrinya]], [[Carabi|Carabiga]], [[Af-Tigre|Tigreega]] iyo [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]] . Waxay sidoo kale baahisaa dhowr barnaamij oo ku qoran [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]], [[Af-Amxaari|Amxaari]] iyo [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali.]] === Eri-TV 2 === Eri-TV 2 waa kanaalka labaad ee telefishanka ee Eritrea. Waxa uu u baahiyaa daawadayaasha gudaha oo keliya. Waxa uu inta badan bixiyaa macluumaad waxbarasho. <ref name="sage3">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Tan waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijyada Ingiriisiga, xisaabta iyo sayniska. <ref>{{Citation|title=ERI-TV Live: Eritrea TV}}</ref> === Eri-TV 3 === Eri-TV 3 waa kanaalka saddexaad ee Eritrea. Waxay baahisaa wararka ciyaaraha qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. <ref name="sage4">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> == Hoggaanka == Ka dib [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]], [[Seyoum Tsehaye]], oo ahaa xubin ka tirsan [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xorriyadda Dadka Eritrea]](EPLF) iyo wariye dagaal ayaa noqday madaxii ugu horreeyay ee Eri-TV. Waxaa la xiray sanadkii 2001 ka dib markii uu daabacay bayaan uu ku taageerayo [[Dimoqraadi|dimuqraadiyadda]] . <ref name="AJE_Vanessa_Berhe">https://www.worldradiohistory.com/BOOKSHELF-ARH/Business/World-Communicatiions-Unesco-1975.pdf</ref> == Tixraacyada == 08qn3jopte9osorjt15ycqjojnc13ys 298433 298432 2026-06-11T08:41:13Z Lynorix 46050 298433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eri-TV''', soo gaabiyey '''Telefishanka''' {{Langx|ti|ተለቪዥን ኤርትራ}} ), <ref name="eritv">https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9/</ref> waa shabakadda telefishanka ee ay dawladdu leedahay ee Eritrea, oo la aasaasay Janaayo 1993 laba sano ka dib markii ay ''xorowday'' . Waxay xarunteedu tahay caasimadda [[Asmara]] waxayna baahisaa 24 saacadood maalintii. Eri-TV waxay bixisaa barnaamijyo kala duwan, sida wararka iyo arrimaha hadda jira, siyaasadda, horumarka, ciyaaraha, madadaalada, iyo dhaqanka iyo farshaxanka. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea">https://books.google.com/books?id=TC2OBAAAQBAJ&dq=eri+tv+on+satellite+2003&pg=PA108</ref> Eri-TV sidoo kale waa mid caan ka ah dadka reer Eritrea ee ku nool dibadda dalka iyadoo lagu qiyaasay 1-2 milyan oo daawadayaal ah toddobaadle, iyadoo shabakadu ay sheeganayso inay u isticmaasho inay la xiriirto. Shabakadu waxay maamushaa saddex saldhig oo telefishan oo waaweyn. <ref>{{Cite book|last=UNESCO|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_African_Film_Industry/i_BMEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA108|title=The African Film Industry|date=October 2021|publisher=[[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]|page=108|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waa telefishanka kaliya ee gudaha ka shaqeeya ee Eritrea sida sharcigu qabo. Shabakadu waxay ku baahisaa afar luqadood, kuwaas oo kala ah Tigrinya, Carabi, Tigre, iyo Ingiriis. <ref name="sage">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Eri-TV waxay aqoonsan tahay Dhaqanka Dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Eritrea waxayna inta badan qaadatay waqti isku mid ah oo u dhexeeya mid kasta oo ka mid ah luqadaha lagu hadlo ee dalka. Eri-TV waxaa maamusha oo maalgelisa Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee Eritrea. == Taariikh == Kahor xornimada Eritrea, ETV-ga Itoobiya wuxuu qorsheynayay inuu ka dhiso idaacad gudbisa hawada magaalada [[Asmara]] taariikh shaqo oo ku beegan Diseembar 1976, kanaalada VHF 5 oo leh ERP 1kW ah. <ref name="tvfactbook">https://www.bbc.com/tigrinya/52946687</ref> Waqtigaas, [[United States Armed Forces|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Mareykanka]] waxay ka shaqeynayeen xarun koronto oo yar oo magaalada ku taal oo maalin walba u gudbisa daawadayaasha maxalliga ah. <ref>https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1977-TV-Factbook/1977-TV-Factbook.pdf</ref> Ka dib aftidii horseeday xornimadooda, Eri-TV waxaa la sameeyay Janaayo 1993, iyadoo la kaashanayo farsamoyaqaanno Kanada ah. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Killion|first=Tom|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|year=1998|isbn=0-8108-3437-5|location=Lanham (Md.)/London|pages=535|language=en}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa baahin jirtay iyada oo leh gudbiye 1kW oo si dhib yar u daboolaya magaalada caasimadda. Dabayaaqadii 2003, idaacaddu waxay u cusbooneysiisay gudbiyeheeda 5kW, saldhigyada gudbinta ee Eri-TV-na waxaa laga bilaabay meelaha muhiimka ah, taasoo baahinteeda ku fidisay inta badan qaybaha dalka, inkastoo dhulkeeda buuraha leh uu ka hor istaagay inuu ka sii daayo dhammaan Eritrea. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2">{{Cite book|last=Connell|first=Dan|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Eritrea/WRWbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eritrean+television&pg=PA362|title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea|date=15 July 2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781538120668|page=362|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref>Warbaahinta dayax-gacmeedka iyo daawashada internetka ayaa bilaabmay isla sanadkaas si loogu adeego [[Eritrean diaspora|qurba-joogta Eritrea]] . <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TC2OBAAAQBAJ&dq=eri+tv+on+satellite+2003&pg=PA108 ''Eri TV on Satellite''], ''The Mouse That Roars'', chapter 3.</ref> Eri-TV waxay bilowday baahinta dijitaalka ah 2004. <ref name="dictionaryeritrea2" /> == Kanaal == === Eri-TV 1 === Eri-TV 1 waxay si caalami ah uga baahisaa dayax-gacmeed iyadoo la socota idaacadda walaasheed ee [[Dimtsi Hafash]] . Idaacadaha laga sii daayo kanaalka badanaa waa warar, muuqaallo muusig ama riwaayado. Waxay sidoo kale daawataa filimaan gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah labadaba. <ref name="sage2">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Idaacadda ayaa inta badan ku hadasha luuqadaha [[Af-Tigrinya|Tigrinya]], [[Carabi|Carabiga]], [[Af-Tigre|Tigreega]] iyo [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]] . Waxay sidoo kale baahisaa dhowr barnaamij oo ku qoran [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]], [[Af-Amxaari|Amxaari]] iyo [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali.]] === Eri-TV 2 === Eri-TV 2 waa kanaalka labaad ee telefishanka ee Eritrea. Waxa uu u baahiyaa daawadayaasha gudaha oo keliya. Waxa uu inta badan bixiyaa macluumaad waxbarasho. <ref name="sage3">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> Tan waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijyada Ingiriisiga, xisaabta iyo sayniska. <ref>{{Citation|title=ERI-TV Live: Eritrea TV}}</ref> === Eri-TV 3 === Eri-TV 3 waa kanaalka saddexaad ee Eritrea. Waxay baahisaa wararka ciyaaraha qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. <ref name="sage4">{{Cite book|last=Debra L. Merskin|url=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/The_SAGE_International_Encyclopedia_of_M/AbCcDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eri+tv&pg=PT1329|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society|date=12 November 2019|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9781483375540|page=1329|access-date=18 December 2025}}</ref> == Hoggaanka == Ka dib [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]], [[Seyoum Tsehaye]], oo ahaa xubin ka tirsan [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xorriyadda Dadka Eritrea]](EPLF) iyo wariye dagaal ayaa noqday madaxii ugu horreeyay ee Eri-TV. Waxaa la xiray sanadkii 2001 ka dib markii uu daabacay bayaan uu ku taageerayo [[Dimoqraadi|dimuqraadiyadda]] . <ref name="AJE_Vanessa_Berhe">https://www.worldradiohistory.com/BOOKSHELF-ARH/Business/World-Communicatiions-Unesco-1975.pdf</ref> == Tixraacyada == 0bw0brggh2cnpkzentem5mh3t87y8nn Isgaarsiinta Eritrea 0 47591 298434 2026-06-11T09:29:34Z Lynorix 46050 Bog cusub: '''Isgaarsiinta Eritrea''' waxaa hoos yimaada [[Siyaasadda Eritrea|Dowladda Eritrea]] == Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha == [[Eritrean Telecommunications Corporation|Shirkadda Adeegyada Isgaarsiinta ee Eritrea]], oo loo yaqaan ''EriTel'', waa shirkadda kaliya ee maamusha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta taleefanka dhulka iyo kan gacanta ee [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa mid ka mid ah dhowr [[Internet service provider|shirkadood oo bixiya adeegyada internetka]] ee dalka. <ref>... 298434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isgaarsiinta Eritrea''' waxaa hoos yimaada [[Siyaasadda Eritrea|Dowladda Eritrea]] == Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha == [[Eritrean Telecommunications Corporation|Shirkadda Adeegyada Isgaarsiinta ee Eritrea]], oo loo yaqaan ''EriTel'', waa shirkadda kaliya ee maamusha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta taleefanka dhulka iyo kan gacanta ee [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa mid ka mid ah dhowr [[Internet service provider|shirkadood oo bixiya adeegyada internetka]] ee dalka. <ref>[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/membership/portal/index.asp?Name=1226 "Eritrea Telecommunication Services Corporation (EriTel)"], International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.</ref> Kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta gudaha aad uma fiicna. Inta badan taleefannada khadka tooska ah waxay ku yaalliin [[Asmara]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn. Taleefannada gacanta ayaa si isa soo taraysa looga isticmaalaa dalka oo dhan. Dowladdu waxay raadinaysaa qandaraasyo caalami ah si loo horumariyo nidaamka. <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-2013">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> 13kii Abriil 2006, Eritrea waxay heshay amaah jilicsan oo ka timid dowladda [[Shiinaha]] si ay u horumariso kaabayaasheeda isgaarsiinta. Wadarta guud ee la amaahiyay [[EriTel]] waxay ahayd $23 milyan. Dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn waxay ku xiran yihiin nidaamka taleefanka gacanta ee Eritrea marka laga reebo [[Casab|Assab]], laga bilaabo 2023. == Telefoon == * Taleefannada go'an ee la isticmaalo: 58,500 oo khadad, oo ah kaalinta 159aad ee adduunka (2011). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> * Taleefannada gacanta ee gacanta ayaa la isticmaalayaa: 241,900 oo khad, oo ah kaalinta 175aad ee adduunka (2011). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132" /> * Isku darka macaamiisha khadka go'an iyo kuwa moobaylka waa wax ka yar 5 qof 100kii qofba (2011). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132" /> * Koodhka waddanka caalamiga ah: 291. <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132" /> == Raadiyaha iyo telefishanka == * Dowladdu waxay maamushaa dhammaan warbaahinta baahinta iyadoo la mamnuucay lahaanshaha gaarka ah. Iibsashada saxannada dayax-gacmeedka iyo rukhsadaha warbaahinta caalamiga ah waa la oggol yahay. <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20133">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> * Shabakadaha raadiyaha: 2 ay dawladdu leedahay (2007). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20133" /> * Telefishinada: 1 shirkad oo ay dawladdu leedahay (2007). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20133" /> == Internetka == * Isticmaalayaasha Internetka: 48,692 isticmaale, 180aad adduunka; 0.8% dadweynaha, 211aad adduunka (2012). <ref name="ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet">[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"], International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013</ref> * Broadband go'an: 122 rukun, 192aad (ugu dambeeyay) adduunka; 0.0% dadweynaha, 192aad (ugu dambeeyay) adduunka (2012). <ref name="FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"] {{Webarchive}}, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[Midowga Warisgaarsiinta Caalamiga|International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref> * Mobaylka ballaaran ee moobaylka: lama yaqaan. <ref name="MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"] {{Webarchive}}, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[Midowga Warisgaarsiinta Caalamiga|International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref> * Martigeliyeyaasha Internetka: 701 martigeliye, 177aad adduunka (2012). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20134">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> * Bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka (ISPs): 4 (2005) - [[EriTel]], CTS, TFanus, Ewan. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> [ cusboonaysiin u baahan ] * [[Country code|Koodhka waddanka]] : ER * [[Top level domain|Domain heer sare ah]] : [[.er]] === Faafreebka iyo dabagalka internetka === * Waxaa lagu taxay inay kormeer ku socoto [[Reporters Without Borders|Weriyeyaasha Aan Xuduudda Lahayn]] (RWB) sannadihii 2008, 2009, ma ahayn sannadkii 2010, iyo mar kale laga bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2012. <ref name="RWBEnemies2012">[http://march12.rsf.org/i/Report_EnemiesoftheInternet_2012.pdf ''Internet Enemies''] {{Webarchive}}, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12&nbsp;March 2012</ref> Eritrea ma aysan samayn nidaam sifeyn internet oo otomaatig ah oo baahsan, laakiin kama labalabeyn inay amarto in la xiro dhowr bog oo internetka ah oo qurbajoog ah oo dhaleeceeya nidaamka. Helitaanka goobahan waxaa xannibay laba ka mid ah bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka, Erson iyo Ewan, iyo sidoo kale bogagga [[Pornography|internetka ee qaawan]] . iyo [[YuutYuub|YouTube]] . [[Self-censorship|Is-faafreebka]] ayaa la sheegay inuu aad u baahsan yahay. <ref>[http://en.rsf.org/surveillance-eritrea,39762.html "Countries under surveillance: Eritrea"] {{Webarchive}}, Reporters Without Borders, March 2011</ref> == References == 04xufb3a6rhrq19sdq8igecy4gtqkkc Maxkamadda Caddaaladda Bariga Afrika 0 47592 298436 2026-06-11T09:42:22Z Lynorix 46050 Bog cusub: '''Maxkamadda Caddaaladda Bariga Afrika''' ( '''EACJ''' ) waa hay'ad garsoor oo ku salaysan heshiis oo ka tirsan [[Bulshada Bariga Afrika]] oo loo xilsaaray inay hubiso u hoggaansanaanta sharciga marka la fasirayo iyo la adeegsanayo iyo u hoggaansanaanta [[East African Community Treaty|Heshiiskii Bulshada Bariga Afrika]] ee 1999. Maxkamaddu waxay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood: Qaybta Darajada Koowaad iyo Qaybta Racfaanka. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100729152908/http://www.... 298436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maxkamadda Caddaaladda Bariga Afrika''' ( '''EACJ''' ) waa hay'ad garsoor oo ku salaysan heshiis oo ka tirsan [[Bulshada Bariga Afrika]] oo loo xilsaaray inay hubiso u hoggaansanaanta sharciga marka la fasirayo iyo la adeegsanayo iyo u hoggaansanaanta [[East African Community Treaty|Heshiiskii Bulshada Bariga Afrika]] ee 1999. Maxkamaddu waxay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood: Qaybta Darajada Koowaad iyo Qaybta Racfaanka. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100729152908/http://www.eac.int/organs/eacj.html?start=3</ref> Garsoorayaasheeda, ugu badnaan toban Qaybta Darajada Koowaad iyo shan Qaybta Racfaanka, waxaa magacaabaya [[Bulshada Bariga Afrika|Shir-madaxeedka]], oo ah hay'adda ugu sarreysa bulshada, oo ka mid ah dadka ay soo jeediyaan Dowladaha Iskaashiga ah ee leh daacadnimo la xaqiijiyay, dhexdhexaadnimo iyo madaxbannaani isla markaana buuxiya shuruudaha looga baahan yahay dalalkooda si ay u qabtaan xilka garsoorka sare, ama sharci yaqaanno leh karti la aqoonsan yahay. == Awoodda maamulka == Maxkamaddu waxay awood u leedahay fasiraadda iyo hirgelinta Heshiiska waxayna yeelan kartaa awood kale oo asal ah, rafcaan, xuquuq aadane ama awood kale marka la soo gabagabeeyo hab-maamuuska si loo xaqiijiyo awooddaas ballaaran. Tixraaca maxkamadda waxaa laga yaabaa inay leeyihiin Dadka Sharciga ah iyo kuwa Dabiiciga ah, Dowladaha Iskaashiga iyo Xoghayaha Guud ee bulshada. Saldhigga uu qof kasta oo degan Gobolka Lamaanaha ahi u gudbin karo go'aan ka gaarista Maxkamadda, sharci ahaanshaha Sharci kasta, xeerar, tilmaamo, go'aan ama tallaabo kasta oo ka dhan ah Dowladda Lamaanaha ama hay'ad ka tirsan Bulshada ayaa ku salaysan inay tahay "sharci darro" ama "jebinta" qodobbada Heshiiska. Awoodda maxkamadaha qaranka waa la baabi'iyaa meel kasta oo Heshiisku u gudbiyo Maxkamadda Bariga Afrika, maadaama go'aannada Maxkamadda ee ku saabsan fasiraadda iyo hirgelinta Heshiiska ay ka horreeyaan go'aannada maxkamadaha qaranka ee ku saabsan arrin la mid ah. == Xukun == Waa waajib in Maxkamaddu ay tixgeliso oo ay go'aamiso tixraac kasta oo loo sameeyay iyadoo la raacayo Heshiiska iyadoo la raacayo xeerarkiisa ka dibna ay ka soo saarto, kalfadhiga dadweynaha, xukun sababaysan oo, dib u eegis ku xiran, ah mid kama dambays ah, oo waajib ah, dhammaystiran oo aan racfaan laga qaadan karin. Codsiga dib u eegista xukunka waxaa loo gudbin karaa Maxkamadda. Laakiin, haddii ay ku saleysan tahay ogaanshaha xaqiiqo si gaar ah u saameyn karta xukunka haddii Maxkamadda loo soo gudbiyay xilligii xukunka la bixiyay, laakiin waqtigaas su'aasha laga keenay, aysan aqoon Maxkamadda iyo dhinaca codsiga sameynaya, iyo sidoo kale aan, iyadoo si macquul ah loo baaray, lagu ogaan karin dhinacaas ka hor inta aan xukunka la gaarin, ama sababo la xiriira khalad, khiyaano ama qalad ka dhacay diiwaanka ama sababtoo ah caddaalad darro la sameeyay. Mustaqbalka maxkamadaha kale ee gobolka ee leh awoodo is khilaafsan sida [[Comesa|Suuqa Guud ee Bariga iyo Koonfurta Afrika]], [[South African Development Community|Bulshada Horumarinta Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights|Maxkamadda Afrika ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha iyo Dadka]] ayaa shaki weyn laga qabaa qodobbadan awgood. === Aqbalaadda === Khilaaf kasta oo ku saabsan fasiraadda ama hirgelinta Heshiiska ama mid ka mid ah arrimaha loo gudbiyay Maxkamadda laguma soo rogi karo hab kasta oo lagu xalliyo marka laga reebo kuwa ku xusan Heshiiska. Haddii khilaaf loo gudbiyo Maxkamadda, Dowladaha Iskaashiga waxaa lagu amray inay ka fogaadaan tallaabo kasta oo waxyeello u geysan karta xallinta ama sii xumayn karta khilaafka, Dowlad Wadaag ah ama Goluhu waa inay "qaadaan", iyada oo aan dib loo dhigin, tallaabooyinka loo baahan yahay si loo hirgeliyo xukunka Maxkamadda. == Garsoorayaasha == === Qaybta Racfaanka === * {{Flagicon|Burundi}} [[Nestor Kayobera]] (President) * {{Flagicon|Rwanda}} [[Anita Mugeni]] (Vice President) * {{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[M'Inoti Kathurima]] * {{Flagicon|Uganda}} [[Cheberion Barishaki]] * {{Flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Omar Othman Makungu]] === Qaybta Heerka Koowaad === * {{Flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Yohane B. Masara]] (Principal Judge) * {{Flagicon|South Sudan}} [[Dr. Charles O. Nyawello]] (Deputy Principal Judge) * {{Flagicon|Rwanda}} [[Richard Muhumuza]] * {{Flagicon|Uganda}} [[Richard W. Wejuli]] * {{Flagicon|Burundi}} [[Dr. Leonard Gacuko]] * {{Flagicon|DRC}} [[Kayembe Kasanda Ignace Rene]] == Isbarbardhigga Maxkamadda Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Yurub == Sida kor ku xusan EACJ waxay leedahay awood aad u ballaaran oo dhammaystiran marka loo eego [[European Court of Human Rights|Maxkamadda Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Yurub]], maadaama aysan jirin daal ku yimid xukunka daaweynta maxalliga ah, awoodda xuquuqul insaankana waxay ku salaysan tahay ACHPR oo aan ahayn [[European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms|Axdiga Yurub ee Ilaalinta Xuquuqda Aadanaha iyo Xorriyadda Aasaasiga ah]] (ECHR). == References == gk3uy1cctsms0jlm8bxm0h42rzaglrf Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan 0 47593 298438 2026-06-11T10:04:08Z Maydkinool45 33894 Maydkinool45 la wareejiyay bogga [[Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan]] ilaa [[Cumar Cartan]] 298438 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cumar Cartan]] exwli9k8fgg1p6aohulyjv1zsvltfts