Finland

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    <title>Finland</title>
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      <text bytes="105025" sha1="fujj98f5inmhphu8xuuyztk7uwlaup9" xml:space="preserve">'''Finland''' , si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Finland''' , waa waddan waqooyiga Yurub ah oo ku yaal Waqooyiga Yurub . Waxa ay xuduud la wadaagtaa [[Iswiidhan]] waqooyi-galbeed, [[Norway|Norwey]] dhanka waqooyi, iyo [[Ruushka]] oo bari ah, iyadoo gacanka Bothnia dhanka galbeed iyo Gacanka Finland dhanka koonfureed, ka soo horjeeda [[Estoniya]] .Finland waxaa ku nool dad gaaraya 5.6 milyan, badankooduna waa qowmiyad Finns ah . Caasimadeeda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa [[Helsinki]] . Luqadaha rasmiga ah waa Finnish iyo Iswidish , afafka hooyo ee boqolkiiba 84.1 iyo 5.1 boqolkiiba dadweynaha, siday u kala horreeyaan. Cimilada Finland way ku kala duwan tahay qaaradaha qoyan ee koonfurta ilaa boreal ee woqooyiga. Dhulkeeda waxaa inta badan daboola kaynta boreal , oo leh in ka badan 180,000 oo harooyin ah .
{{short description|Dalka Waqooyiga Yurub}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Finland
| common_name            = Finland
| native_name            = Republic of Finland
| image_flag             = Flag of Finland.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Finland 2.svg
| coa_size               = 75
| national_anthem        = &lt;br /&gt;{{native name|fi|[[Maamme]]|nolink=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|sv|[[Maamme|Vårt land]]|nolink=yes}})&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - Maamme.ogg|center]]
| image_map              = EU-Finland (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption            = {{map caption|goobta_color=dark cagaar|region=Yurub |region_color=cawl madow |subregion=ah [[Midowga Yurub ]] |subregion_color=cagaar |halyeey=EU-Finland.svg}}
| capital                = [[Helsinki]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|60|10|15|N|24|56|15|E|type:city_region:FI}}
| largest_city           = capital
| official_languages     = Finnish [[Af-Iswiidhan|iswiidhan]]
| recognized_national_languages = {{hlist|[[Sami languages|Sámi]]|[[Karelian language|Karelian]]|[[Finnish Kalo language|Finnish Kalo]]|[[Finnish Sign Language]]|[[Finland-Swedish Sign Language]]}}
| ethnic_groups          = 88.9%  Finnish 
11.1% [[Finlan|Kuwa kale]]
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2024
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref name=&quot;statistics-finland-population-2024-final&quot;/&gt;
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
|{{Tree list}}
* 64.2% [[Christianity]]
** 62.2% [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland|Lutheranism]]
** 1.0% [[Finnish Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]]
** 1.0% other [[Christians|Christian]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| 34.9% [[Irreligion in Finland|no religion]] 
| 2.0% [[Religion in Finland|other]]}}
| religion_year          = 2024
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;statistics-finland-population-2024-final&quot;/&gt;
| demonym                = Finnish.  Finland
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah oo midaysan
| leader_title1          = [[Finlan|Madaxwaynaha]]
| leader_name1           = [[Finlan|Alexander Stubb]]
| leader_title2          = [[Finlan|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name2           = [[Finlan|Petteri Orpo]]
| leader_title3          = [[Finlan|Gudoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]
| leader_name3           = Jussi Halla-aho
| legislature            = [[Finlan|Baarlamaanka]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Finlan|Madaxbanaanida]]
| sovereignty_note       = ka [[Ruushka|Soviet Ruushka]]&lt;ref&gt; {{Citation|title=The Soviet Russia's recognition of Finland's independence Dec. 1917 - Jan. 1918|url=https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html|access-date=22 February 2024|archive-date=22 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222192345/https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event1     = [[Finlan|Asaasida Grand Duchy ee Finland]]
| established_date1      = 29 March 1809 (from Sweden)
| established_event2     = [[Finlan|Ku dhawaaqida madaxbanaanida]]
| established_date2      = 6 December 1917
| established_event3     = [[Finlan|Dastuur la dhisay]]
| established_date3      = 17 July 1919
| area_km2               = 338,455&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|title=Finland Country profile|date=13 February 2024|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17288360|access-date=5 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank              = 65aad &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 130,596 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water          = 9.71 (2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census      = [[File:Increase Neutral.svg|thumb|14px]]  5,635,971&lt;ref name=&quot;statistics-finland-population-2024-final&quot;/&gt;
| population_census_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 114aad
| population_label2      = 
| population_data2       = 
| population_density_km2 = 18.4
| population_density_sq_mi = 41 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 210aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $373.16 billion&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 61aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $66,500&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 23aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $303.95 billion&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 46aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $54,160&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 19aad
| Gini                   = 26.6 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2023
| Gini_change            = steady &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=&quot;eurogini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|access-date=14 March 2024|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091832/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.948
| HDI_rank               = 12aad
| HDI_year               = 2023&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --&gt;
| HDI_change             = kordhin
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| currency               = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])
| currency_code          = EUR
| time_zone              = [[Finlan|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +2
| utc_offset_DST         = +3
| time_zone_DST          = [[Finlan|EEST]]
| date_format            = {{abbr|dd|day}}.{{abbr|mm|month}}.{{abbr|yyyy|year}}&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&amp;pid=11&amp;aid=1709 Ajanilmaukset] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033758/http://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&amp;pid=11&amp;aid=1709 |date=20 October 2017 }} Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 20 October 2017&lt;/ref&gt;
| calling_code           = [[Finlan|+358]]
| cctld                  = [[Finlan|.fi]], [[Finlan|.ax]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
| footnote_a             = Goobta [[.ax]] waxa lagu isticmaalaa gudaha [[Åland]].
| today                  = 
| official_website       = {{URL|https://finland.fi/}}
}}
Finland waxaa markii ugu horreysay la dejiyay qiyaastii 9000 BC ka dib xilligii barafka ee ugu dambeeyay . Intii lagu jiray Da'da Dhagaxa , dhaqamo kala duwan ayaa soo baxay, oo lagu kala soocay qaababka kala duwan ee dhoobada. Da'dii Bronze iyo Ages birta waxaa lagu asteeyay xiriirka dhaqamada kale ee Fennoscandia iyo gobolka Baltic .  Laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii qarnigii 13aad, Finland waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Iswidhan ka dib dagaalkii Waqooyiga . Sannadkii 1809kii, dagaalkii Finnishka dartiis , Finland waxaa laga qabsaday [[Iswiidhan|Iswidhan]] waxayna noqotay boqortooyo weyn oo madaxbannaan oo ka tirsan Boqortooyada [[Ruushka]] . Muddadaas, fanka Finnishku wuu kobcay , waxaana si tartiib tartiib ah u kobcay dhaqdhaqaaqa madaxbannaanida .
Kacaankii Ruushka ka dib 1917, Finland waxay ku dhawaaqday madaxbannaanideeda . Dagaal sokeeye ayaa dhacay sannadkii xigay, iyada oo cadadkii shuuci-diidka ahaa ay guulaysteen. Dalka Finland jamhuuriyad ahaan waxa la xaqiijiyay sanadkii 1919kii , dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka Finland waxa ay la dagaalantay Midowgii Soofiyeeti dagaalkii jiilaalka iyo dagaalka sii socoshada , kadibna waxa ay la dagaalantay Nazigii [[Jarmalka]] dagaalkii Lapland . Taasi waxay keentay in ay qaybo ka mid ah dhulkeeda ku waydo Midowgii Soofiyeeti balse ay sii haysato madax banaanideeda iyo dimoqraadiyadeed. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii qaboobaa , Finland waxay aqbashay siyaasad dhexdhexaadnimo oo rasmi ah. Dagaalkii qaboobaa ka dib, Finland waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Midowga Yurub]] 1995 iyo Eurozone ee 1999. Ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine , Finland waxay ku biirtay NATO 2023.
Finland waxay noqotay waddankii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ee bixiya codbixinta caalamiga ah 1906, waana waddankii ugu horreeyay adduunka oo siinaya dhammaan muwaadiniinta qaangaarka ah xaqa ay u leeyihiin inay u tartamaan xafiis dawladeed. Finland waxay ahaan jirtay waddan inta badan miyi iyo beeraley ah ilaa 1950-meeyadii, markaasoo ay ku socotay warshadayn degdeg ah iyo dawlad samafal oo Nordic ah , taasoo keentay dhaqaale horumarsan iyo dakhliga qofkasta oo sarreeya . Wadanku wuxuu si joogto ah ugu darajo heersareeya qiimeynta caalamiga ah ee qaybaha kala duwan , sida waxbarashada, tartanka dhaqaalaha, farxadda, iyo barwaaqada. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Finland oo ku salaysan awooddeeda dhexe waxay xoogga saaraysaa iskaashiga caalamiga ah iyo iskaashiga, kaas oo dhowaan u wareegay xiriir dhow oo lala yeesho NATO . Dhaqan dhaqameedka Finnishka , oo ay ku jiraan sinnaanta , calmaaniyadda , xuquuqul insaanka iyo deegaanka , ayaa si firfircoon loogu dhiirrigeliyaa xubinnimada goleyaasha caalamiga ah ee badan .

==Asalka erayga==
Magaca Suomi ( Finnishka ah 'Finland') asalkiisa lama hubo, laakiin eray-bixin caadi ah oo saame ah ( Sami ) ayaa la soo jeediyay.   Ilaha taariikhiga ah ee ugu horreeya, laga soo bilaabo qarniyadii 12aad iyo 13aad, ereyga Finland waxaa loola jeedaa gobolka xeebta ee Turku ee koonfur-galbeed ee Finland casriga ah; gobolkan ayaa markii dambe loo yaqaan Finland Proper marka laga sooco magaca waddanka Finland. Qarnigii 14-aad iyo 15-aad, koonfur-galbeed ( Eura iyo Turku), gudaha ( agagaarka harada Päijänne ), iyo koonfur-bari (gaarey harada Ladoga ) ee gobollada Finland casriga ah ayaa lagu daray boqortooyada Iswidhan.  Aagga oo dhan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray Finlandia et partes orientale ama Österland (&quot;Bariga&quot;) ee Scandinavianka. Ereyga Österland waxa la isticmaalayey ilaa qarnigii 16aad.  Gudaha waxa loo yiqiin Tavastia . Dhamaadkii qarniyadii dhexe , ereyga Finland waxaa loo fidiyay bari sidoo kale.
==Taariikhda==
===Taariikhda ka hor===
[[File:Kivikautinen karhunpäänuija.jpg|thumb|Madaxa orso Age Stone laga helay Paltamo , Kainuu]]
[[File:Pre-Finno-Ugric.png|thumb|Luqadaha Finland ee da'da birta hore]]
Dhulka hadda loo yaqaan Finland waxa la dejiyay, ugu dambayn, qiyaastii 8,500 BC intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa ee dhammaadkii xilliga barafka ee u dambeeyay . Aasaaska dadkii deggenaa ugu horreyay waxay ka tageen sifooyin hadda jira oo lala wadaago kuwa laga helo Estonia , Ruushka, iyo Norway. Dadkii ugu horreeyay waxay ahaayeen ugaarsadeyaal , iyagoo isticmaalaya qalab dhagax ah. 
Dherigii ugu horreeyay wuxuu soo muuqday 5200 BC, markii dhaqanka Comb Ceramic la soo bandhigay.  Dhulka maanta ee Finland wuxuu ku yaalaa xadka galbeedka ee dhaqanka, kaas oo soo saaray dheriyo leh qaab shanlo oo kala duwan .  Imaanshaha dhaqanka Corded Ware ee koonfurta xeebta Finland intii u dhaxaysay 3000 iyo 2500 BC waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku beegan tahay bilawga beeraha. Xitaa iyada oo la soo bandhigay beeraha, ugaarsiga iyo kalluumeysiga ayaa sii waday inay noqdaan qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha nolol-maalmeedka.
Iyadoo lagu salaynayo caddaymo luqadeed, Finland waxaad mooddaa inay ugu horrayn deggenaayeen dadka ku hadla afafka Paleo-Yurub ka hor intaanay u soo haajirin dadka Finno-Ugric, taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay afafka Saamiga oo ahaa dadkii ugu horreeyay ee Finno-Ugric ah oo u soo guuray Finland. Luuqadahan waxa loo qaybiyay luuqado Paleo-Laplandic oo lagaga hadli jiray agagaarka Lappland, iyo luuqadaha Lakelandic ee lagaga hadlo inta badan Finland casrigan. Magacyo badan oo magacyo ah oo Finland ku yaal sida Inari, Saimaa, Päijänne iyo Imatra waxay u muuqdaan inay ka soo jeedaan luqadaha Paleo-Yurub, sababtoo ah asalkoodu maaha mid lagu sharxi karo Indo-Yurub ama Finno-Ugric. 
Xilligii Bronze-ka , beerashada joogtada ah ee sanadka oo dhan iyo xannaanada xoolaha ayaa fiday, laakiin cimilada qabow ayaa hoos u dhigtay isbeddelka. Dhacdada Seima-Turbino waxay keentay farshaxankii ugu horreeyay ee naxaas ah gobolka iyo laga yaabee sidoo kale luqadaha Finno-Ugric .  Xidhiidhada ganacsi ee ilaa hadda inta badan ku sugnaa Estonia waxay bilaabeen inay ku fidaan Scandinavia. Wax soo saarka gudaha ee artefacts bronze wuxuu bilaabmay 1300 BC. 
[[File:Northern Europe in 814.jpg|thumb|Dadka Finnishka ee Baltic-ga qarnigii 9aad AD]]
Xilligii Iron Age , dadku wuu kordhay. Finland Proper waxay ahayd meesha ugu dadka badan. Xidhiidhada ganacsi ee gobolka badda Baltic ayaa koray oo fidiyey qarniyadii siddeedaad iyo sagaalaad. Waxyaalaha ugu badan ee laga dhoofiyo Finland waxay ahaayeen dhogorta, addoommada, castoreum , iyo falcons oo loo dhoofiyo maxkamadaha Yurub. Soo dejinta waxaa ku jiray xariir iyo dhar kale, dahabka, seefaha Ulfberht , iyo, xad ka yar, dhalo. Soo saarista birta waxay bilaabatay qiyaastii 500 BC.  Dhamaadkii qarnigii sagaalaad, dhaqanka farshaxanka asaliga ah, gaar ahaan hubka iyo dahabka dumarka, ayaa lahaa sifooyin maxalli ah oo ka badan sidii hore. Tan waxaa loo fasirtay inay muujinayso aqoonsiga Finland ee caadiga ah. 
Nooc hore oo luqadaha Finnishka ah ayaa ku fiday badda Baltic qiyaastii 1900 BC. Luuqadda Finnishka ee guud ayaa lagaga hadli jiray agagaarka Gacanka Finland 2000 sano ka hor. Lahjadaha laga soo saaray luqadda Finnishka ee casriga ah waxay abuurmeen xilligii Iron Age.  Xidhiidhada lala yeeshay dadyowgii hore ee Baltic iyo dadyowga bari ee Jarmalka ayaa si weyn u saameeyay luqadda Proto-Finikada . Inkasta oo ay aad isugu dhow yihiin, dadka Sami waxay haysteen qaab nololeedka ugaarsiga-uruurinta in ka badan Finns-ka. Aqoonsiga dhaqanka Sami iyo luqadda Sami waxay ku badbaadeen Lapland , gobolka waqooyi-bari.
===Waagii Iswidhishka===
[[File:Erik den helige och biskop Henrik.jpg|thumb|Eric IX ee Iswiidhan iyo Bishop Henry oo ku sii jeeda Finland . Sawirka dhexe ee dambe ee Upland .]]
Qarniyadii 12aad iyo 13aad waxay ahaayeen wakhti rabshado ah waqooyiga badda Baltic. Crusade Livonian-ka ayaa socday, qabiilooyinka Finnishka ah sida Tavastian iyo Karelia waxay ku jireen iskahorimaadyo joogto ah Novgorod iyo midba midka kale. Sidoo kale, intii lagu jiray qarniyadii 12-aad iyo 13-aad, dhowr saliibood oo ka yimid dhulalka Katooliga ee aagga badda Baltic ayaa lagu sameeyay qabaa'ilka Finnishka. Deenishku waxay ugu yaraan saddex saliib ku qaadeen Finland, 1187 ama wax yar ka hor,  ee 1191 iyo 1202,  iyo Iswiidhishka , laga yaabee waxa loogu yeero Saliibiyiinta labaad ee Finland , 1249 oo ka dhan ah Tavastian iyo Saliibkii saddexaad ee Finland ee 1293 ka dhanka ah Karelians. Waxa loogu yeero Crusade-kii ugu horreeyay ee Finland , laga yaabee 1155, waxay u badan tahay inaysan dhicin. 
Natiijadii Crusades, inta badan la Saliibiyiinta Iswidishka labaad ee uu hogaaminayey Birger Jarl , iyo gumeysiga qaar ka mid ah xeebaha Finland ee Iswidishka Masiixiyiinta ah intii lagu jiray qarniyadii dhexe,  Finland waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotay qayb ka mid ah boqortooyada Iswidhan iyo saameeynta saameynta Kaniisadda Katooliga .  Iswiidhan hoosteeda, Finland waxaa lagu daray qayb ka mid ah nidaamka dhaqameed ee Galbeedka Yurub .  Iswidishku waxay qalcado ka dhisteen Häme iyo Turku , halka golaha boqortooyada Iswiidhan la dhisay, waxaa la sameeyay qaab dhismeed maamul iyo qalab maaliyadeed, waxaana la sameeyay xeerar qaanuuneed xilligii Magnus Ladulås (1275-1290) iyo Magnus Eriksson (1319-1364).  Natiijo ahaan, dhulalka Finnishka ayaa si adag u dhexgalay boqortooyada Iswidhishka.
[[File:Swedish Empire.svg|thumb|Boqortooyadii Iswidhishka oo raacaya heshiiskii Roskilde ee 1658]]
Iswidhishka ayaa ahaa luqadda ugu badan ee dadka gobta ah, maamulka, iyo waxbarashada; Finnishku waxay inta badan ahayd luqad loogu talagalay beeraleyda , wadaaddada, iyo maxkamadaha maxalliga ah ee meelaha looga hadlo Finnishka. Intii lagu jiray Dib-u-habaynta Protestant , Finns waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u beddeleen Lutheranism .  Dhamaadkii Midowgii Kalmar waxa ay keentay xilli isbedello diimeed, bulsho iyo dhaqaale. Gustav Vasa ( r.  1523-1560 ) wuxuu ka dhigay wiilkiisa labaad Johan Duke of Finland , halka Gustav Adolf ( r.  1611-1632 ) u sameeyay xafiiska guddoomiyaha guud ee Finland qayb ka mid ah dib-u-qaabaynta maamulka Boqortooyada Iswidhan. 
Qarnigii 16-aad, hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda iyo dib-u-habaynta Lutheran Mikael Agricola ayaa daabacay qoraalladii ugu horreeyay ee luqadda Finnishka; iyo caasimadda hadda ee Finland, Helsinki , waxaa aasaasay King Gustav Vasa 1555. Jaamacaddii ugu horreysay ee Finland, Royal Academy of Turku , waxaa aasaasay boqoradda Christina ee Iswidhan iyadoo soo jeedinta Count Per Brahe ee 1640. 
Finnishku waxay goosteen sumcad dagaal Soddon Sano (1618-1648) iyagoo ahaa fardooley si fiican u tababaran oo loo yaqaan &quot; Hakkapeliitta &quot;.  Finland waxaa soo food saartay macaluul ba'an 1695-1697 , taas oo ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex meelood meel dadka Finnishka ah ay Finland cudur ba'an ayaa dhacay dhowr sano ka dib .
Qarnigii 18-aad, dagaalladii Iswidhan iyo Ruushku laba jeer ayaa horseeday in ciidammada Ruushku ay la wareegaan dalka Finland, waqtiyadii ay Finnishku u yaqaaneen Cadhada Weyn (1714-1721) iyo Cadhada Yar (1742-1743).  Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ku dhawaad ​​jiil dhan oo rag ah ay lumeen xilligii Cadhada Wayn, taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay burburka guryaha iyo beeraha, iyo gubashada Helsinki.
===Grand Duchy ee Finland===
Waagii Iswidishka wuxuu ku dhamaaday dagaalkii Finnishka ee 1809. 29kii Maarso 1809, ka dib markii ay qabsadeen ciidamadii Alexander I ee Ruushka , Finland waxay noqotay boqortooyo weyn oo madaxbannaan oo ka tirsan Boqortooyada Ruushka , sida ay aqoonsan tahay Cuntada Porvoo .  Xaaladdani waxay sii socotay ilaa dhammaadkii 1917.  Sannadkii 1812, Alexander I wuxuu ku daray gobolka Ruushka ee Vyborg ee Grand Duchy ee Finland. Sannadkii 1854kii, Finland waxay ku lug lahayd ku lug lahaanshiyaha Ruushka ee dagaalkii Crimean markii ay ciidamada badda ee Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska ay duqeeyeen xeebaha Finland iyo Åland intii lagu jiray dagaalkii loogu magac daray Åland . 
[[File:Suomineito (Isto).jpg|thumb|Edvard Isto , Weerarkii , 1899. Gorgorka Ruushku wuxuu weeraray gabadh Finnish ah , oo isku dayaysa inay xaddo buuggeeda sharciga.]]
Inkasta oo af Iswiidhishku weli aad loogu hadlo, haddana afka Finnishku waxa uu bilaabay in uu aqoonsi helo muddadaas. Laga soo bilaabo 1860-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaq xooggan oo wadani Finnish ah , oo loo yaqaan dhaqdhaqaaqa Fennoman , ayaa koray. Mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ugu caansan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa wuxuu ahaa faylasuuf iyo siyaasi JV Snellman , kaas oo ka shaqeeyay inuu dejiyo maqaamka luqadda Finnishka iyo lacagteeda Finnish markka , ee Grand Duchy ee Finland.  Waxyaabaha muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa daabacaadda waxa noqon doona hal-abuurka qaranka Finland , Kalevala , 1835 iyo sinnaanta sharciga ah ee luqadda Finnishka ee Iswidishka 1892. Ruuxa Adolf Ivar Arwidsson - &quot;ma nihin Iswidhish, ma rabno inaan noqono Ruush, markaa aan noqono muwaadin Finnish ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jirin dhaqdhaqaaq dhab ah oo madaxbannaanida Finland ilaa horraantii qarnigii 20aad. 
Macaluultii Finishka ee 1866-1868 waxay dhacday ka dib markii kulayl qabow horaantii Sebtembar uu baabi'iyay dalaggii beeraha waxaana dilay ku dhawaad ​​15% dadweynaha, taasoo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah macluushii ugu xumaa ee taariikhda Yurub.  Macaluul ayaa keentay in Boqortooyada Ruushka ay dejiso xeerarka maaliyadeed, iyo maalgashiga ayaa kordhay tobannaan sano ee soo socda. Horumarka dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ahaa mid degdeg ah.  Wax soo saarka guud ee gudaha (GDP) qofkiiba wuxuu weli ahaa kala bar ka Maraykanka iyo saddex meelood meel ka mid ah kan Britain
[[File:Eduskunta1907.jpg|thumb|Kalfadhigii ugu horreeyay ee baarlamaanka Finland 1907dii]]
Laga soo bilaabo 1869 ilaa 1917, Boqortooyada Ruushku waxay raacday siyaasad Russification ah , taas oo la hakiyey intii u dhaxaysay 1905 iyo 1908. 1906, doorasho caalami ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Grand Duchy ee Finland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiriirka ka dhexeeya Boqortooyada Finland iyo Boqortooyada Ruushka ayaa xumaaday markii ay dowladda Ruushku bilowday inay qaado tillaabooyin lagu xakameynayo maqaamka gaarka ah ee Finland iyo madax-bannaanida. Tusaale ahaan, codbixinta caalamiga ahi waxay ahayd mid aan macno lahayn ficil ahaan, maadaama aanu tsartu ahayn inuu ansixiyo mid ka mid ah sharciyada uu soo saaro baarlamaanka Finland. rabitaanka madax-bannaanida ayaa helay dhul, marka hore ka mid ah liberals xagjirka ah  iyo hantiwadaaga , qayb ka mid ah ay wadaan ku dhawaaqida February Manifesto by tsar ugu dambeeya ee Boqortooyada Ruushka, Nicholas II , on 15 February 1899.
===Dagaal sokeeye iyo xornimadii hore===
Kacaankii Febraayo 1917 ka dib , mawqifka Finland ee Grand Duchy ee hoos yimaada xukunka Boqortooyada Ruushka ayaa la iswaydiiyay. Baarlamaanka Finland oo uu gacanta ku hayo xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga ayaa meel mariyay waxa loogu yeero sharciga awooda si baarlamaanka loo siiyo awood sare. Taas waxaa diiday dawladda Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Ruushka , oo go'aansatay in la kala diro baarlamaanka. Waxa la qabtay doorashooyin cusub oo ay ku guulaysteen xisbiyada garabka midig oo tiro yar. Qaar ka mid ah Dimuqraadiyiinta Bulshada ayaa diiday inay aqbalaan natiijada, iyagoo ku andacoonaya in kala dirista baarlamaanka iyo doorashooyinkii xigay ay ahaayeen kuwo sharci darro ah. Waxaa si weyn u kala qaybsamay labada xisbi ee garabka midig iyo xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga.
[[File:The victory parade of the White Army 1918.jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyihii millatariga Finnishka iyo sarkaalka CGE Mannerheim oo ah sarkaalka guud ee hogaaminaya Bandhiga Guusha Cad ee dhamaadkii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Finland ee Helsinki, 1918]]
Kacaankii Oktoobar ee Ruushka ayaa beddelay xaaladda juqraafiyeed mar kale. Isla markiiba xisbiyada garabka midig ee Finland waxay bilaabeen inay dib u eegaan go'aankoodii ahaa inay joojiyaan wareejinta awoodda sare ee fulinta ee dawladda Ruushka oo loo wareejiyo Finland markii Bolsheviks ay qabsadeen xukunka Ruushka. Xukuumadda garabka midig, oo uu hoggaamiyo Ra'iisul Wasaare PE Svinhufvud , ayaa soo bandhigtay ku dhawaaqida madax-bannaanida 4 December 1917, kaas oo si rasmi ah u ansixiyay baarlamaanka Finland 6 December. Jamhuuriyadda Ruushka ee Federation Socialist Republic (RSFSR), ee uu hoggaamiyo Vladimir Lenin waxay ahayd waddankii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday madaxbannaanida Finland 4 Janaayo 1918. 
27kii Janaayo 1918, dawladdu waxay bilowday inay hubka ka dhigto ciidamada Ruushka ee Ostrobothnia . Hantiwadaaga ayaa la wareegay gacan ku haynta koonfurta Finland iyo Helsinki, laakiin dawlada cadaanka ahi waxay sii waday musaafurintii Vaasa . Tani waxay keentay dagaal sokeeye oo gaaban laakiin qadhaadh . Caddaanka , oo uu taageeray Imperial Germany , ayaa ka adkaaday Reds  iyo iyaga oo isku magacaabay Jamhuuriyadda Shaqaalaha Hantiwadaaga ee Finland .  Dagaalka ka dib, tobanaan kun oo Reds ah ayaa lagu dhexqabtay xeryo kumanaan lagu dilay ama u dhintay nafaqo darro iyo cudurro. Cadaawad bulsheed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo qoto dheer ayaa dhexmartay Reds iyo Caddaanka taas oo socon doonta ilaa Dagaalkii Jiilaalka iyo wixii ka dambeeya.  Dagaalkii sokeeye iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyadii dhaqdhaqaaqa ee Ruushka Soofiyeeti 1918-1920, oo loo yaqaan &quot; Wars Kinship &quot;, waxay xumeeyeen xiriirka Bariga.
[[File:Helsinki Olympic stadium and stadium tower, 1938 (29438954721).jpg|thumb|Helsinki Olympic Stadium 1938kii]]
Tijaabo kooban ka dib boqortooyo , markii isku daygii lagu doonayay in lagu sameeyo Prince Frederick Charles ee Hesse ee boqorka Finland, ayaa la ansixiyay dastuurka jamhuuriyadda , Finland waxay noqotay jamhuuriyad madaxtinimo , iyadoo KJ Ståhlberg loo doortay madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay 25 July 1919 . dib u habayn  Finland waxay sidoo kale ka mid ahayd wadamadii ugu horeeyay ee Yurub ee si xoogan u dhiirigeliyay sinnaanta haweenka , iyadoo Miina Sillanpää ay noqotay haweeneydii ugu horeysay ee wasiir ka noqota taariikhda Finland golaha wasiirada Väinö Tanner 1926-1927.  Xuduudka Finnish-Ruushka waxaa la aasaasay 1920 by Treaty of Tartu , kaas oo inta badan raacay xudduudaha taariikhiga ah laakiin wuxuu siiyay Finland Pechenga ( Finnish : Petsamo ) iyo dekeddeeda Barents Sea . Dimuqraadiyada Finnishka waxay ka badbaaday isku daygii afgambi ee Soofiyeedka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa Lapua ee ka soo horjeeda shuuciga .
1917kii waxaa dalka joogay saddex milyan oo qof. Dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, dib-u-habayn ku salaysan deyn ayaa la soo bandhigay, taas oo kordhinaysa saamiga dadweynaha ee helista raasumaalka. Qiyaastii 70% shaqaalaha ayaa laga shaqaaleysiiyay beeraha iyo 10% warshadaha
===Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka===
[[File:Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945.png|thumb|Ciidamada Finland waxay calan ka taageen cairn saddexda waddan bishii Abriil 1945 markii uu dhammaaday dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ee Finland .]]
Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Naasigii Jarmalka waxay saxiixeen Heshiiskii Molotov–Ribbentrop 23kii Agoosto 1939, kaasoo Yurub u kala qeybiyay dhinacyo saameyn ku leh labada kalitalis.  Iyadoo la raacayo heshiiska, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu bilaabay Dagaalkii Jiilaalka 30kii Noofambar 1939 si uu ugu daro Finland. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Finnish waxaa aasaasay Joseph Stalin bilowgii dagaalka si uu u xukumo Finland ka dib qabsashadii Soviet. Waxaa jirtay cambaarayn caalami ah oo baahsan oo ku aaddan weerarka aan loo meel dayin waxayna keentay in Midowgii Soofiyeeti laga saaro Ururka Qaramada Midoobay . Ciidanka Cas waxaa lagu jabiyay dagaallo badan, gaar ahaan Dagaalkii Suomussalmi .  Ka dib laba bilood oo horumar la taaban karo oo ka dhacay goobta dagaalka, iyo sidoo kale khasaarooyin culus oo rag ah iyo qalab,  Ciidamada Soofiyeedka ayaa bilaabay inay sii socdaan Febraayo waxayna gaadheen Vyborg ( Finnish : Viipuri ) bishii Maarso. Moscow Peace Treaty waxa la saxeexay 12 March 1940, dagaalkuna wuu dhammaaday maalintii xigtay. Finland waxay difaacday madaxbannaanideeda, laakiin waxay 9% dhulkeeda ku wareejisay Midowga Soofiyeeti.  Intii u dhaxaysay 1939 iyo 1944, ilaa 400,000 oo qof ayaa laga daadgureeyay Karelia
[[File:Finnish areas ceded in 1944.png|thumb|Meelo ay Finland ku wareejisay Midowgii Soofiyeeti intii uu socday dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka . Heshiiskii dhulka ee Porkkala waxa lagu soo celiyay Finland 1956kii.]]
Colaaddu waxay dib u soo cusboonaatay bishii Juun 1941kii oo ay la gashay dagaalkii sii socoshada , markii Finland ay isbahaysi la noqotay Jarmalka ka dib duulaankii dambe ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ; Ujeedada ugu weyn waxay ahayd in dib loo helo dhulkii ka lumay Soofiyeedka sanad ka hor.  Ciidamada Finland waxay qabsadeen Bariga Karelia 1941 ilaa 1944 waxayna ka caawiyeen ciidamada Jarmalka ee go'doominta Leningrad .  Weerarkii weynaa ee Soviet Vyborg-Petrozavodsk xagaagii 1944 wuxuu horseeday horumar ilaa Finns ay ugu dambeyntii ka celiyeen Tali-Ihantala . Guushii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee qayb ka mid ah ayaa keentay is-mariwaaga ka dibna dagaal gacan ka hadal ah . Waxaa xigay dagaalkii Lapland ee 1944-1945, markii Finland ay la dagaalantay dib u gurashada ciidamadii Jarmalka ee waqooyiga Finland.
Armistice iyo heshiiskii ay la saxeexdeen Midowga Soofiyeeti 1944 iyo 1948 waxaa ku jiray waajibaadka Finland, xayiraadaha, iyo magdhowga, iyo sidoo kale heshiisyo dhuleed oo dheeraad ah . Natiijadii labada dagaal, Finland waxay lumisay 12% dhulkeeda, 20% awoodeeda warshadaha, magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn, Vyborg ( Finnish : Viipuri ), iyo dekedda Liinakhamari ee aan barafka lahayn ( Finnish : Liinahamari ). Finnishku waxay lumiyeen qiyaastii 97,000 oo askari waxaana lagu qasbay inay bixiyaan magdhow dagaal oo markii hore lagu dejiyay $300 milyan qiimaha 1938, markii dambana laga dhigay $226.5 milyan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waddanku wuu ka fogaaday qabsashadii ciidamada Soofiyeedka wuxuuna ku guuleystay inuu sii haysto madax-bannaanidiisa. Iyadoo ay weheliso Great Britain , Finland waxay ka soo baxday dagaalka iyada oo ah mid ka mid ah dalalka Yurub ee ka qaybqaatay colaadaha aan waligood la qabsan oo u suurtagashay in ay ilaashadaan dimoqraadiyaddeeda oo dhan. 
Tobannaankii sano ee ka dambeeyay dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, shuuciyadu waxay ahaayeen xisbi siyaasadeed oo xooggan. Intaa waxaa dheer, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu ku qanciyay Finland inay diido kaalmada Marshall Plan . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo la rajeynayo in la ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida Finland, Maraykanku wuxuu bixiyay gargaar horumarineed oo qarsoodi ah wuxuuna taageeray xisbiga Social Democratic Party .
===Dagaalka ka dib===
[[File:Urho-Kekkonen-1975b (cropped).jpg|thumb|Urho Kekkonen waxa uu ahaa madaxweynihii ugu wakhtiga dheeraa ee Finland 1956-1982.]]
Horumarka ganacsi ee ay la leeyihiin quwadaha reer galbeedka, sida Ingiriiska iyo bixinta magta Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxay horseedeen in Finland ay ka beddesho bulsho beeralay ah , una gudubtay mid warshadaysan. Valmet , asal ahaan goobta maraakiibta ka dibna dhowr aqoon-isweydaarsiyo bir ah, ayaa la aasaasay si loo soo saaro agabka magdhowga dagaalka. Ka dib markii magdhawga la bixiyay, Finland waxay sii waday inay ganacsi la yeelato Midowga Soofiyeeti taasoo qayb ka ah ganacsiga laba geesoodka ah .
Sannadkii 1950kii, 46% shaqaalaha Finnishka ah waxay ka shaqaynayeen beeraha, saddex meelood meelna waxay ku noolaayeen magaalooyinka, laakiin shaqooyinka cusub ee wax soo saarka, adeegyada iyo ganacsiga ayaa si degdeg ah u soo jiitay dadka magaalooyinka.  Celceliska tirada dhalmada ee haweeney kasta ayaa hoos uga dhacday korriinka ugu sarreeya ee 3.5 ee 1947 ilaa 1.5 ee 1973. Markii dhallaankii kobciyay ay galeen xoogga shaqada, dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ku guuldareystay inuu abuuro shaqo ku filan oo ku filan boqollaal kun ayaa u haajiray Iswidhan ka horumarsan warshadaha , iyadoo socdaalka ugu sarreeyay ee 1969 iyo 1970 ee ganacsiga Finland . Sanduuqa Caalamiga ah ee Lacagta Adduunka iyo Heshiiska Guud ee Tariifyada iyo Ganacsiga .
Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii qaboobaa , Finland waxay si rasmi ah u qaadatay siyaasadda dhexdhexaadnimada . Heshiiska YYA (Heshiiska Finno-Soviet ee Saaxiibtinimada, Iskaashiga iyo Caawinta Labada Dhinac) ayaa aqoonsaday rabitaanka Finland ee ah inay ka fogaato iskahorimaadyada awoodda weyn. Laga soo bilaabo 1956-kii madaxwaynihii Urho Kekkonen wuxuu lahaa kali-talisnimo ku saabsan xiriirka Midowga Soofiyeeti, kaas oo muhiim u ahaa caannimadiisa sii socota. Siyaasadda, waxaa jirtay in laga fogaado siyaasad kasta ama odhaah kasta oo loo fasiran karo mid ka soo horjeeda Soofiyeedka. Dhacdadan waxa loogu magac daray &quot; Findaynta &quot; jaraa'idka Jarmalka Galbeed
[[File:2018 Helsinki, Finland (41401402010).jpg|thumb|Alvar Aalto 's Finland Hall wuxuu martigeliyay Shirkii Amniga iyo Iskaashiga ee Yurub 1975kii.]]
Dhaqaalaha suuqa ayaa lagu ilaalin jiray Finland. Warshado kala duwan ayaa ka faa'iideystey mudnaanta ganacsi ee Soviets. Kobaca dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ahaa mid xawli ah xilligii dagaalka ka dib, 1975-kii GDP-ga Finland qofkiiba wuxuu ahaa 15-aad ee ugu sarreeya adduunka. Intii lagu guda jiray 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii, Finland waxay dhistay mid ka mid ah dowladaha daryeelka ee ugu ballaaran adduunka. Sannadkii 1973-kii, Finland waxay heshiis la gashay Ururka Dhaqaalaha Yurub (EEC) kaas oo dhimay tacriifadaha, kor u qaadaya xiriirka ganacsiga. 
Go'aamo dhaqaale xumo oo la xisaabiyay, qalalaasaha bangiyada , burburka ku yimid shuraakada ganacsi ee ugu weyn, Midowgii Soofiyeeti, iyo hoos u dhac dhaqaale oo caalami ah ayaa sababay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid Finland horaantii 1990-meeyadii . Hoos-u-dhacii ayaa hoos u dhacay 1993-kii Finlandna waxay ku naaloonaysay in ka badan toban sano oo kobac dhaqaale oo joogto ah.  Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ka dib, Finland waxay bilowday inay si dhow ula midowdo Galbeedka. Finland waxay ku biirtay Midowga Yurub 1995 iyo aagga euro ee 1999. Inta badan kobaca dhaqaalaha dabayaaqadii 1990-aadkii waxaa sii huriyay guusha shirkadda Nokia ee soo saarta taleefannada gacanta . 
===Qarnigii 21aad===
[[File:Presidentti Sauli Niinistö ja pääministeri Sanna Marinin tiedotustilaisuus 15.5.2022 (52075250080).jpg|thumb|Raiisel wasaaraha Sanna Marin iyo madaxweynaha Sauli Niinistö shirka jaraa'id ee ku dhawaaqayay rabitaanka Finland inay ka codsato NATO 15 May 2022]]
Dadka Finnishka ah waxay doorteen Tarja Halonen doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2000 , taasoo ka dhigaysa haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne ka noqota Finland.  Madaxweynihii ka horreeyay, Madaxweyne Martti Ahtisaari , ka dib wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Nobel Peace Prize ee 2008. Dhibaatada maaliyadeed ee 2008 ayaa curyaamisay dhoofinta Finland 2008, taasoo keentay kobac dhaqaale oo daciif ah tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay.  Sauli Niinistö waxaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Finland 2012 ilaa 2024, markii Alexander Stubb uu la wareegay. 
Taageerada Finland ee NATO ayaa sare u kacday ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine 2022 . Kahor Febraayo 2022, ra'yi ururintu waxay muujisay aqlabiyad cidhiidhi ah laakiin go'aaminaysa xubinimada NATO;bishii Abriil, aqlabiyad weyn ayaa door biday xubinnimada. 11kii Maajo 2022, Finland waxay heshiis nabadgelyo la gashay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Maajo 12, madaxweynaha Finland iyo ra'iisul wasaaraha ayaa ku baaqay xubinimada NATO &quot;daahitaan la'aan&quot;.  Kadib, 17kii Maajo, Baarlamaanka Finland wuxuu u codeeyay 188-8 ku biiritaanka Finland ee NATO.  Finland waxay xubin ka noqotay NATO markay ahayd 4 Abriil 2023.
==Juqraafiga==
[[File:Map of Finland-en.svg|thumb|Khariidadda Topographic ee Finland]]
U jiifso qiyaas ahaan inta u dhaxaysa loolka 60° iyo 70° N , iyo longitudes 20° iyo 32° E , Finland waa mid ka mid ah wadamada waqooyi ee aduunka. Caasimadaha aduunka, kaliya Reykjavík ayaa ka badan dhanka waqooyi marka loo eego Helsinki. Masaafada u jirta barta koonfureed - Hanko oo ku taal Uusimaa - ilaa woqooyiga ugu xigta - Nuorgam ee Lapland - waa 1,160 kiiloomitir (720 mi).
Finland waxay leedahay ilaa 168,000 harooyin (aagga ka weyn 500 m 2 ama 0.12 acres) iyo 179,000 jasiiradood.  Harada ugu weyn, Saimaa , waa tan afaraad ee ugu weyn Yurub. Dhulka harada Finland waa aagga harooyinka ugu badan ee dalka;  qaar badan oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn ee aagga, gaar ahaan Tampere , Jyväskylä iyo Kuopio , waxay ku yaalliin meel u dhow harooyinka waaweyn. Xeebta Finland oo ku taal xeebta Finland waa jasiiradaha adduunka ugu weyn, dhisme ka kooban in ka badan 50,000 oo jasiiradood. Meesha ugu badan ee jasiiradahaas waxaa laga helaa koonfur-galbeed qayb ka mid ah badda Baltic-ga oo lagu magacaabo badda jasiiradaha , una dhaxaysa qaaradaha Finland iyo jasiiradda Åland . 
Inta badan juquraafiga Finland waa natiijada xilligii barafka. Baraf-barafka ayaa ka dhumuc weynaa oo muddo dheer ku jiray Fennoscandia marka loo eego Yurub inteeda kale. Saamaynta nabaadguurku waxay gacan ka gaysatay muuqaalka guud ee Finland inta badan fidsan, oo lagu garto buuro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gobollada waqooyi, oo ay ku jiraan aagagga xuduudka ah ee buuraha Scandinavian-ka , dhulku wuxuu leeyahay dherer buuraley ah. Dhererka 1,324 mitir (4,344 ft), Halti waa meesha ugu sarreysa Finland. Waxaa laga helaa waqooyiga Lapland oo ku taal xadka u dhexeeya Finland iyo Norway. Buurta ugu sarreysa oo ay ugu sarreysay Finland oo dhan waa Ridnitšohkka oo dhan 1,316 m (4,318 ft), oo si toos ah ugu dheggan Halti.
[[File:View to Pielinen from Paha-Koli in Lieksa, Finland, 2019 July.jpg|thumb|Aragtida sare ee Saana waxay ku dhacday Kilpisjärvi]]
[[File:Ähtärin karhut 7.jpg|thumb|Finland waxaa ku yaal ilaa 187,888 haro oo ka weyn 500 mitir oo laba jibbaaran iyo 75,818 jasiiradood oo ka badan 0,5 km2, taasoo horseedaysa magaca &quot;dhulka kun haro&quot;. Sawirka harada Pielinen ee Waqooyiga Karelia .]]
Fiisigigraafi ahaan , Finland waxa ay wadaagaan gobollada Arctic, bartamaha Yurub, iyo waqooyiga Yurub ee Gobolka Circumboreal ee gudaha Boqortooyada Boreal . Sida laga soo xigtay WWF , dhulka Finland waxaa loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood oo kala ah : Iskandaneefiyanka iyo taiga Ruushka , kaymaha isku dhafan ee Sarmatic , iyo Scandinavian Montane Birch kaynta iyo cawska . Taiga waxay daboolaysaa inta badan Finland laga bilaabo gobollada waqooyi ee gobollada koonfureed ilaa waqooyiga Lapland. Xeebta koonfur-galbeed, koonfurta khadka Helsinki- Rauma , kaymaha waxaa lagu gartaa kaymo isku dhafan, kuwaas oo inta badan ku badan gobolka Baltic. Waqooyiga darafyada Finland, ee u dhow khadka geedka iyo Badweynta Arctic, kaymaha Montane Birch ayaa ku badan. Finland waxa ay lahayd 2018 kaymaha tusmaynta hufnaanta dhuleed celcelis ahaan 5.08/10, iyada oo ku jirta kaalinta 109aad aduunka 172 wadan. 
Sidoo kale, Finland waxay leedahay xayawaanno kala duwan oo ballaaran. Waxaa jira ugu yaraan lixdan nooc oo naasley ah , 248 nooc oo shimbiro taranta ah, in ka badan 70 nooc oo kalluunka ah, iyo 11 nooc oo xamaarato iyo rah ah ayaa maanta jooga, qaar badan oo ka soo haajiray dalalka deriska ah kumanaan sano ka hor. Naasleyda duurjoogta ah ee waaweyn oo si weyn loo aqoonsan yahay Finland waxaa ka mid ah orso brown , yeyda cawl , yeyda , iyo elk . Saddex ka mid ah shimbiraha aadka u yaabka leh ayaa kala ah swan whooper , shimbir weyn oo Yurub ah iyo shimbirta qaranka ee Finland; Western capercaillie , xubin weyn oo madow oo ka mid ah qoyska grouse ; iyo gorgorka Eurasia . Tan dambe waxa loo tixgaliyaa inay tahay tusaha isku xidhka kaynta korriinka hore , waxana uu hoos u dhacayay sababta oo ah kala qaybsanaanta muuqaalka. Qiyaastii 24,000 oo nooc oo cayayaan ah ayaa ku badan Finland qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan waa xoonnada qabaa'ilka kuwa lamid ah sida Onciderini sidoo kale waa caan. Shimbiraha ugu badan ee taranta waa warbler-ka safsaafka ah , roodhida caadiga ah , iyo casaanka . Qaar ka mid ah todobaatanka nooc ee kalluunka biyaha saafiga ah, pike woqooyiga , kalluun , iyo kuwa kale ayaa aad u badan. Kalluunka Atlantikada ayaa weli ah kan ugu jecel kuwa xiiseeya usha dukhsiga .
Shaabada halista ah ee Saimaa , mid ka mid ah saddexda nooc ee harooyinka shaabadood ee adduunka, ayaa ka jira oo keliya nidaamka harada Saimaa ee koonfurta bari ee Finland, ilaa 390 shaabadood oo keliya maanta.  Noocyadu waxay noqdeen astaanta Ururka Ilaalinta Dabeecadda ee Finland. 
Saddex meelood meel dhulka Finland asal ahaan waxa uu ka kooban yahay dhul mooryaan ah , qiyaastii kala badh dhulkan ayaa la miiray si loo beero qarniyadii la soo dhaafay.
===Cimilada===
[[File:Finland Köppen.svg|thumb|Noocyada kala soocidda cimilada Köppen ee Finland]]
Arrinka ugu weyn ee saameeya cimilada Finland waa meesha juqraafiyeed ee dalka ee u dhaxaysa 60-aad iyo 70-aad ee waqooyi ee isku midka ah ee qaaradda Eurasia ee xeebaha. Kala soocidda cimilada ee Köppen , Finland oo dhan waxay ku taal aagga boreal , oo lagu garto xagaaga diiran iyo qabowga qabow. Dalka gudihiisa, heerkulku aad buu ugu kala duwan yahay gobollada xeebta koonfureed iyo woqooyiga daraf, taas oo muujinaysa dabeecadaha badda iyo cimilada qaaradaha labadaba . Finland waxay ku dhowdahay in ku filan Badweynta Atlaantik si ay si joogto ah ugu diiriso qulqulka Gacanka . Biyo-mareenka Gacanku wuxuu ku daraa saamaynta dhexdhexaadinta ee badda Baltic iyo harooyin badan oo gudaha ah si loo sharaxo cimilada aan caadiga ahayn ee diiran marka la barbar dhigo gobollada kale ee la wadaaga latitude , sida Alaska , Siberiya , iyo koonfurta Greenland .
[[File:Share Of Forest Area In Total Land Area, Top Countries (2021).svg|thumb |Saamiga kaynta guud ahaan bedka dhulka, dalalka ugu sarreeya (2021). Finland waxay leedahay boqolkiiba tobnaad ee ugu sarreeya daboolka kaynta adduunka.]]
Xilliga jiilaalka ee koonfurta Finland (marka celceliska heerkulka maalinlaha ahi uu ka hooseeyo 0 °C ama 32 °F) badiyaa waa qiyaastii 100 maalmood, gudaha gudahana barafku wuxuu sida caadiga ah daboolaa dhulka inta u dhaxaysa dabayaaqada Noofambar ilaa Abriil, meelaha xeebaha ah sida Helsinki, barafku wuxuu inta badan daboolaa dhulka laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa dhammaadka Maarso.  Xataa koonfurta, habeenada jiilaalka ee ugu daran waxay arki karaan heerkulku hoos u dhaca -30 °C (-22 °F), inkasta oo meelaha xeebaha ah sida Helsinki, heerkulka ka hooseeya -30 °C (-22 °F) waa naadir. Xilliga xagaaga (marka celceliska heerkulka maalinlaha ahi uu ka sarreeyo 10 ° C ama 50 ° F) koonfurta Finland waxay dhammaadaan dhammaadka May ilaa bartamaha Sebtembar, gudaha gudahana, maalmaha ugu kulul ee Luulyo waxay gaari karaan in ka badan 35 ° C (95 ° F). [ 132 ] In kasta oo Finland inteeda badan ay ku jiifto suunka taiga , gobollada xeebta ugu xiga koonfurta ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu sifeeyaa hemiboreal . 
Waqooyiga Finland, gaar ahaan Lapland, jiilaalku waa dheer yahay oo qabow, halka kuleylaha uu yahay mid diiran laakiin gaaban. Maalmaha jiilaalka ee ugu daran Lapland waxay arki kartaa heerkulku hoos u dhaca -45 °C (-49 °F). Jiilaalka woqooyigu wuxuu socdaa ilaa 200 maalmood oo baraf joogto ah uu daboolo laga bilaabo badhtamaha Oktoobar ilaa horraanta May. Xagaaga waqooyiga waa mid gaaban, kaliya laba ilaa saddex bilood, laakiin wali waxay arki karaan heerkulka maalinlaha ah ee ka sarreeya 25 ° C (77 ° F) inta lagu jiro mowjadaha kulaylka.  Ma jirto qayb Finland ka mid ah oo leh Arctic tundra , laakiin Alpine tundra waxaa laga heli karaa jasiiradaha Lapland . 
Cimilada Finnishku waxay ku habboon tahay beerashada firileyda oo keliya gobollada koonfureed, halka gobollada waqooyi ay ku habboon yihiin xannaanada xoolaha . 
Rubuc ka mid ah dhulka Finland waxa uu ku dhexyaalla Arctic Circle , qorraxdu saqda dhexena waxa la dareemi karaa maalmo dheeraad ah marka woqooyigu sii socdo. Dhanka waqooyi ee Finland, qorraxdu kama dhacdo 73 maalmood oo xiriir ah xilliga xagaaga, mana soo baxdo haba yaraatee 51 maalmood xilliga jiilaalka. 
Finland waxa ay ku jirtaa kaalinta 4-aad ee Tusaha Waxqabadka Deegaanka ee sanadka 2024. Tusmadani waxa ay isku daraysaa tilmaameyaal kala duwan oo ku saabsan arrimaha caanka ah ee adduunka oo dhan waxana ay cabbirtaa sida ay ugu fiican yihiin waddan kasta marka la eego miisaanka. Finland waxa ay dhibco fiican ka heshay cabirrada sida yaraynta Isbeddelka Cimilada, Maaraynta qashinka, wasakhowga hawada, tayada hawada iwm.
===Gobollada===
Finland waxay ka kooban tahay 19 gobol ( maakunta ). Gobollada waxaa maamula golayaasha gobollada kuwaas oo u adeega sida golayaasha iskaashiga ee degmooyinka gobolka. Hawlaha ugu waaweyn ee goboladu waa qorsheynta gobolka iyo horumarinta ganacsiga iyo waxbarashada. Intaa waxaa dheer, adeegyada caafimaadka dadweynaha waxaa sida caadiga ah loo abaabulaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo gobollada. Golayaasha gobolada waxaa soo doorta golayaasha degmooyinka, degmo kastaa waxay soo dirtaa wakiilo sida tirada dadkeeda ah. Marka laga yimaaddo wada shaqaynta dawladaha hoose, oo ah masuuliyadda golayaasha gobollada, gobol kastaa wuxuu leeyahay xarun shaqo oo dawladeed oo u xilsaaran maamulka deegaanka ee shaqada, beeraha, kalluumaysiga, dhirta, iyo arrimaha ganacsiga. Taariikh ahaan, gobolladu waa qaybo ka mid ah gobollada taariikhiga ah ee Finland , meelo si sax ah u metelaya lahjadaha iyo dhaqanka deegaanka.
Lix hay'adood oo maamul goboleed ayaa mas'uul ka ah mid ka mid ah gobollada loo yaqaan alue ; Intaa waxaa dheer, Åland waxaa loo magacaabay gobol toddobaad.
===Qaybaha maamulka===
[[File:Finland administrative divisions 2.svg|thumb|Degmooyinka (xuduudaha khafiifka ah) iyo gobollada (xuduudaha dhumucda leh) ee Finland (2021)]]
Qaybaha aasaasiga ah ee maamulka dalka waa degmooyinka , kuwaas oo sidoo kale laga yaabaa inay isku magacaabaan magaalooyinka ama magaalooyinka. Waxay ku xisaabtamaan kala bar kharashka dadweynaha. Kharashka waxa lagu maalgeliyaa cashuurta dakhliga ee dawladda hoose, kabka dawladda, iyo dakhliga kale. Laga bilaabo 2021 , waxaa jira 309 degmo, oo intooda badan waxay leeyihiin wax ka yar 6,000 degane.
Marka laga reebo degmooyinka, laba heer oo dhexdhexaad ah ayaa la qeexay. Degmooyinku waxay iska kaashadaan todobaatan gobol iyo sagaal iyo toban gobol . Kuwaas waxaa maamula degmooyinka xubnaha ka ah waxayna leeyihiin oo kaliya awoodo xadidan. Ismaamulka Åland wuxuu leeyahay gole deegaan oo si dimoqraadi ah loo soo doortay. Dadka Sami waxay ku leeyihiin gobolka Lapland ee ku yaal gobolka Sami ee u dhashay arrimaha ku saabsan luqadda iyo dhaqanka.
Adeegyada caafimaadka , bulshada iyo xaaladaha degdegga ah waxaa qabanqaabiya degmooyinka adeegyada samaqabka . Finland waxeey lee dahay 21 gobol oo adeegyada fayoqabka ah, qaab dhismeedka gobolku wuxuu inta badan ku saleysan yahay qaab dhismeedka gobolka. Maamulka gobolka , oo mas'uul ka ah hawlgalka, maamulka iyo dhaqaalaha deegaanka, ayaa ah hay'adda ugu sareysa ee go'aan ka gaarida adeegyada fayoqabka. Ergada iyo gudoomiye ku xigeenada golaha deegaanka ayaa lagu soo doortaa doorashada gobolada dalka muddo afar sano ah. Degmooyinka adeegyada samaqabka ayaa iskood u maamula. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaq uma laha in ay canshuur qaadaan oo dhaqaalahooda ayaa ku saleysan maalgelinta dowladda dhexe. 
Gobolka caasimadda - oo ka kooban Helsinki, Vantaa , Espoo iyo Kauniainen - waxa ay samaysaa xaafad joogto ah oo ka kooban 1.28 milyan oo qof. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maamulka guud wuxuu ku xaddidan yahay wadashaqeyn mutadawacnimo ee dhammaan degmooyinka, tusaale ahaan golaha deegaanka ee Helsinki.
==Dowladda iyo siyaasadda==
[[File:Alexander Stubb - 2024 (73516) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Alexander Stubb , Madaxweynihii 13aad tan iyo 1-dii Maarso 2024]]
[[File:Petteri-Orpo-01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Petteri Orpo ,Raiiselwasaarihii 47aad tan iyo 20kii Juun 2023]]
Qiyamka casriga ah ee Finnishku wuxuu ku qotomaa fikradaha sinnaanta . Wadanku waxa uu ilaaliyaa qaabka daryeelka Waqooyiga Yurub iyada oo faragelin weyn oo dawladeed ku hayso qaybaha dhaqaalaha ee muhiimka ah . Xuquuqda LGBT adag ,  dadaallo xooggan oo lagu ciribtirayo faqriga,  ilaalinta ballaaran ee xuquuqda haweenka ,  cilmaaninimada ,  iyo deegaanku waa tilmaamayaasha qiyamkeeda siyaasadeed iyo dhaqameed.
[[File:BlueEurozone.svg|thumb|]]
===Dastuurka===
Dastuurka Finland ayaa qeexaya nidaamka siyaasadeed; Finland waa jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah oo ku dhex jirta nidaamka dimoqraadiyadda wakiillada . Ra’iisul Wasaaruhu waa qofka ugu awoodda badan dalka. Muwaadiniintu waxay u tartami karaan oo ay ka codayn karaan doorashooyinka baarlamaanka, degmada, madaxtooyada, iyo Midowga Yurub
===Madaxweyne===
Madaxa dawladda Finland waa Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda . Finland waxay lahayd, inta badan madax-bannaanideeda nidaam dawladeed oo ku-meel-gaar ah , laakiin dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay awoodaha madaxweynaha ayaa noqday kuwo la jaan-qaadaya, sidaas awgeedna dalku hadda waxaa loo arkaa Jamhuuriyad baarlamaani ah .  Dastuur cusub, oo la dhaqan galiyay 2000, ayaa madaxtooyadu ugu horrayn ka dhigay xafiis xafladeed. Madaxweynaha ayaa Ra’iisul Wasaaraha u magacaabaya sidii uu Baarlamaanku u soo dooran lahaa , magacaabista iyo xil ka qaadista Wasiirada kale ee Xukuumadda Finland marka uu soo jeediyo Ra’iisul Wasaaraha, waxa uu furo kalfadhiyada Baarlamaanka, waxaana uu bixiyaa sharaf dowladeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, madaxweynaha ayaa weli mas'uul ka ah xiriirka dibadda ee Finland , oo ay ku jiraan samaynta dagaalka iyo nabadda, laakiin laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira Midowga Yurub .  Waxaa intaa dheer, madaxwaynuhu waxa uu ku shaqeeyaa taliska ugu sareeya ee ciidamada difaaca Finland isaga oo ah taliyaha guud. Isagoo adeegsanaya awoodihiisa dibadda iyo difaaca waxaa madaxweynaha looga baahan yahay inuu la tashado dowladda Finland , balse talada dowladdu ma ahan mid dhaqan gal ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, madaxweynuhu wuxuu leeyahay dhowr awoodood oo kayd ah oo gudaha ah , oo ay ku jiraan awoodda diidmada sharciga, bixinta cafiska, iyo inuu magacaabo dhowr sarkaal oo dadweyne ah.  Madaxweynaha waxa kale oo uu Dastuurku uga baahan yahay inuu shaqada ka cayriyo shaqsiyaad wasiiro ah ama dhammaan xukuumadda marka uu baarlamaanku kalsoonida kala noqdo. 
Madaxweynaha waxaa si toos ah lagu soo doortaa codeyn ku celis ah waxaana uu xilka hayn karaa ugu badnaan labo xilli oo isku xigta 6 sano oo xiriir ah. Madaxweynaha hadda waa Alexander Stubb , oo xilka la wareegay 1-dii Maarso 2024 . Kuwii ka horeeyey waxa ay ahaayeen Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (1919–1925), Lauri Kristian Relander (1925–1931), Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1931–1937), Kyösti Kallio (1937–1940), Risto Ryti (1940–1944), Carnnerheim (1944–1946), Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1946–1956), Urho Kekkonen (1956–1982), Mauno Koivisto (1982–1994), Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000), Tarja Halonen (2000–2012) iyo Saul (2000–2012).
===Baarlamaanka===
[[File:Parlamento, Helsinki, Finlandia, 2012-08-14, DD 02.JPG|thumb|Dhismaha ugu weyn ee baarlamaanka Finland ee Helsinki]]
[[File:Eduskunta istuntosali.jpg|thumb|Hoolka Fadhiga ee Baarlamaanka Finland]]
Baarlamaanka Finland oo ka kooban 200 oo xubnood ( Finnish : Eduskunta ) ayaa leh awoodda sharci dejinta ee ugu sarreysa dalka. Waxa laga yaabaa in ay wax ka beddesho dastuurka iyo xeerarka caadiga ah, ay riddo golaha xukuumadda, oo ay meesha ka saarto diidmada qayaxan ee madaxweynaha. Falalka ay sameeyeen kuma xirna dib u eegis garsoor; Dastuurka cusub ee sharciyada cusub waxaa qiimeynaya guddiga sharciga dastuurka ee baarlamaanka . Baarlamaanka waxaa lagu soo doortaa muddo afar sano ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka saami qaybsiga D'Hondt ee dhowr degmo doorasho oo badan iyadoo loo marayo liiska ugu furan degmooyinka xubnaha badan. Guddiyada kala duwan ee baarlamaanka ayaa dhageystay khubarada oo soo diyaariya sharciyo.
Xisbiyada baarlamaanka ee muhiimka ah waa Centerpartiet , Christian Democrats , Finland , Green League , Vänsterpartiet , National National Coalition Party , Socialdemokraterna iyo SF .
===Sharciga===
[[File:Supreme Court of Finland.jpg|thumb|Golaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Maxkamadda Sare]]
Nidaamka garsoorka Finland waa nidaamka sharciga madaniga ah oo u kala qaybiya maxkamado leh awood sharci oo caadi ah oo madaniga ah iyo kuwa dembiilayaasha ah iyo maxkamadaha maamulka oo awood u leh dacwadaha u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka iyo maamulka dadweynaha. Sharciga Finland waa la habeeyey oo ku salaysan sharciga Iswiidhishka iyo macnaha guud, sharciga madaniga ah ama sharciga Roomaanka . Habka maxkamadaha ee xukun maxkamadeed ee madaniga iyo dembiyada wuxuu ka kooban yahay maxkamadaha maxalliga ah, maxkamadaha racfaanka ee gobolka iyo Maxkamadda Sare . Qaybta maamulka ee cadaaladdu waxay ka kooban tahay maxkamadaha maamulka iyo maxkamadda sare ee maamulka . Marka laga soo tago maxkamadaha caadiga ah, waxaa jira dhowr maxkamadood oo gaar ah oo ka jira qaybo ka mid ah maamulka. Waxa kale oo jirta Maxkamadda Sare ee Eedaynta dambiyada ee ka dhanka ah qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha sarsare.
Qiyaastii 92% dadka deggan Finland waxay ku kalsoon yihiin hay'adaha ammaanka ee Finland.  Guud ahaan heerka dembiyada Finland maaha mid sarreeya marka loo eego macnaha EU. Noocyada dambiyada qaarkood ayaa ka sarreeya celceliska, gaar ahaan heerka sare ee dilka ee Galbeedka Yurub.  Nidaam maalinle ah oo ganaax ah ayaa shaqeynaya waxaana sidoo kale lagu dabaqaa dembiyada sida xawaaraha . Finland waxay leedahay eedeymo musuqmaasuq oo aad u hooseeya; Hay’adda Transparency International ayaa Finland ku tilmaantay mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu musuqmaasuqa yar Yurub.
===Xiriirka dibadda===
[[File:Nobel Peace Prize 2008 Ole Danbolt Mjøs &amp; Martti Ahtisaari 1.jpg|thumb|Martti Ahtisaari oo helay abaalmarinta nabadda ee Nobel Peace Prize 2008dii]]
Awoodda dhexe ee Finland waxaa ka mid ah dhaqaale xooggan, iskaashi caalami ah, iyo u heellanaanta xuquuqda aadanaha.  Sida ku cad dastuurka 2012, madaxweynuhu wuxuu hoggaamiyaa siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda isagoo la kaashanaya dawladda, marka laga reebo in madaxweynuhu aanu wax door ah ku lahayn arrimaha EU-da. Sannadkii 2008, madaxweyne Martti Ahtisaari waxa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta nabadda ee Nobel Peace Prize . 
Xiriirka Finland iyo Ruushka ayaa xumaaday ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee 2022 ee Ukraine , iyadoo tiro ka mid ah diblomaasiyiin Ruush ah lagu eryay basaasnimo, Ruushku wuxuu xaddiday booqashada Finland iyo ra'yiga guud ayaa isla markiiba isbeddelay in Finland ay ku biirto NATO , halka ay sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku yeelatay xoojinta xiriirka Mareykanka iyo Finland . Marka loo eego 2024 Global Peace Index , Finland waa dalka 13-aad ee ugu nabdoon adduunka. 
===Milatari===
[[File:Tracked transport vehicle Sisu NA 110.JPG|thumb|Sisu Nasu NA-110 waxay la socdeen gaadiidka ciidamada Finland. Inta badan askarta la askareeyo waxay helaan tababaro dagaal xilliga jiilaalka, gaadiidka gawaadhida sidan oo kale ah waxay siinayaan dhaqdhaqaaqa baraf culus.]]
Ciidanka difaaca Finland waxa uu ka kooban yahay ciidan , badda iyo ciidanka cirka . Ilaalada xuduudaha , inta ay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha, waxaa lagu dari karaa Ciidanka Difaaca xilliga dagaalka. Finland waxay haysaa qoritaanka lab ee caalamiga ah , kaas oo dhammaan ragga Finnishka ah ee da'doodu ka weyn tahay 18 sano ay u adeegaan 6 ilaa 12 bilood oo ah adeeg hubaysan ama 12 bilood oo ah adeeg rayid ah (aan hubaysnayn). Milateriga Finland wuxuu ka kooban yahay askar xirfadlayaal ah (badanaa saraakiil iyo farsamoyaqaanno), askar qoran iyo tiro badan oo kayd ah. Xoogga u diyaargarowga caadiga ah waa 34,700 oo qof oo lebisan dirayska, kuwaas oo 25% ay yihiin askar xirfad leh; kaydka oo dhan waxa uu ka kooban yahay ku dhawaad ​​900,000 oo qof.  Shaqaalaynta iskaa wax u qabso ah ee dib-u-qorista ka dib adeegga nabad-ilaalinta ee dibadda waa caan, ciidamaduna waxay u adeegaan adduunka oo dhan UN, NATO, iyo EU-da. Haweenka waxaa loo oggol yahay inay u adeegaan dhammaan hubka dagaalka; 2022, 1,211 haween ah ayaa galay shaqo milatari oo ikhtiyaari ah. 
Kharashka difaaca ee Finland qofkiiba waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya Midowga Yurub.  Iyada oo leh karti sare oo shaqaale militari ah , arsenal  iyo rabitaanka difaaca dalka , Finland waa mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu militariga badan Yurub. 
Finland waxay xubin ka noqotay NATO markay ahayd 4 Abriil 2023, in kasta oo ay hore uga qayb qaadatay Ciidanka Waxqabadka NATO . Finland waxay si firfircoon uga qaybqaadataa hawlgallada milatari ee dhinacyo badan leh, oo ay ku jiraan Ciidanka Isku-dhafka ah (JEF), Kooxda Dagaalka ee EU , iyo Ciidanka Kosovo ; Waxa kale oo ay gacan ka gaysatay Ciidanka Caawimada Ammaanka ee Afgaanistaan. 18kii Diseembar 2023, Finland waxay la saxeexatay Maraykanka Heshiiska Iskaashiga Difaaca (DCA) , kaas oo nidaaminaya joogitaanka ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka iyo kuwa ku tiirsan dhulka Finnishka ah iyo joogitaanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa alaab-qeybiyeyaasha difaaca Mareykanka. 
===Xuquuqda Aadanaha===
[[File:Helsinki Cathedral before Helsinki Pride Parade 2022-07-02.jpg|thumb|Dadku waxay isugu imanayaan fagaaraha Senate-ka , Helsinki , ka hor inta aanu 2022 dabaal-degga Helsinki kibirku bilaabmin.]]
Finland waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah nidaamyada samafal ee ugu ballaadhan adduunka , kaas oo dammaanad qaadaya xaalad nololeed oo habboon dhammaan dadka deggan. Nidaamka samafalku waxa la abuuray ku dhawaad ​​​​soddonkii sano ee ugu horreeyay dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ka dib. 
Qodobka 6-aad ee dastuurka Finland wuxuu leeyahay: &quot;Qofna looma dhigi karo jago ka duwan xaaladda jinsiga, da'da, asalka, luqadda, diinta, caqiidada, ra'yiga, xaaladda caafimaad, naafanimada ama sabab kale oo shakhsi ahaaneed la'aanteed sabab la aqbali karo&quot;. 
Finland waxa ay gashay meel ka saraysa celceliska wadamada aduunka ee dimoqraadiyada , xoriyada saxaafada , iyo horumarka aadanaha . Amnesty International waxay walaac ka muujisay arrimaha Finland qaarkood, sida xadhiga dadka damiirka diida , iyo takoorka bulshada ee ka dhanka ah dadka Roomaanka iyo xubnaha qowmiyadaha kale iyo luqadaha kale. 
Warbixinta dallada Yurub ee ILGA-Europe oo la daabacay May 2023, Finland waxay gashay kaalinta lixaad marka la barbardhigo Yurubta ee xuquuqda LGBTQ+ .
==Dhaqaalaha==
Laga bilaabo 2022 , Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 16aad adduunka guud ahaan GDP-ga magac ahaan marka loo eego IMF . Intaa waxaa dheer, Finland waxay ku faantaa nidaam samafal oo si wanaagsan u horumaray oo ka kooban waxbarasho lacag la'aan ah iyo daryeel caafimaad oo caalami ah, taas oo gacan ka geysata sumcadeeda mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu qanisan.

Qaybta adeeggu waa qaybta ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha, oo dhan 66% GDP, halka wax soo saarka iyo sifaynta ay ka yihiin 31%. Wax-soo-saarka asaasiga ahi wuxuu ka dhigan yahay 2.9% dhaqaalaha.  ​​Wax-soo-saarku waa qaybta dhaqaalaha aasaasiga ah ee khuseeya ganacsiga dibadda .  Qaybaha warshadaha ugu badan ee 2007 waxay ahaayeen elektiroonigga (22%), mishiinnada, baabuurta, iyo alaabada kale ee birta la farsameeyay (21.1%), warshadaha kaynta (13%), iyo kiimikooyinka (11%). Wax soo saarka guud ee gudaha waxa uu gaadhay halkii ugu saraysay sanadka 2021
[[File:Kittilä mine.jpg|thumb|Kittilä Gold Mine , oo ku taal Kittilä , Finnish Lapland , waa soo-saarka dahabka aasaasiga ah ee ugu weyn Yurub.]]
Finland waxay leedahay alwaax aad u badan, macdan (oo ay ku jiraan birta , chromium , copper , nikkel iyo dahab ) iyo kheyraadka biyaha macaan. Wax soo saarka dahabka ee Finland 2015 wuxuu ahaa 9 metrik ton.  Dadka reer miyiga ah, kaymaha , warshadaha waraaqaha iyo beeraha ayaa muhiim u ah. Agagaarka magaalada Helsinki ayaa qiyaastii ah saddex-meelood meel GDP-ga Finland. Adeegyada gaarka loo leeyahay waa shaqo-bixiyaha ugu weyn Finland.
Ciidda Finland iyo cimiladeeda waxay caqabado gaar ah ku yihiin wax-soo-saarka dalagga, oo leh jiilaal adag iyo xilliyo wax-soo-saarkoodu aad u gaaban yahay, oo inta badan uu kala gooyo dhaxan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baahsanaanta Gacanka Gacanka iyo Waqooyiga Atlaantigga Drift Hadda ee cimilada qabow ee Finland waxay u oggolaanaysaa kala badh dhulka la beeran karo ee adduunka ee woqooyiga 60° woqooyiga loolka. Inkasta oo roobabka sannadlaha ahi ay guud ahaan ku filan yihiin, inta badan waxay da'aan xilliga jiilaalka, taas oo keeneysa khatar joogto ah oo abaaro xagaaga ah. Beeraleydu waxay la qabsadeen jawiga iyagoo ku tiirsan noocyada dalagyada degdega ah u bislaada iyo dhaxan u adkaysta. Waxay beeraan jiirada koonfurta u jeedda iyo dhulka hoose ee hodanka ah si loo hubiyo wax soo saarka sanadka oo dhan, xitaa xilliga dhaxan xagaaga. Nidaamyada dareeraha ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa si meesha looga saaro biyaha xad dhaafka ah. Waaxda beeraha ee Finland waxay muujisay hufnaan iyo wax soo saar la yaab leh, gaar ahaan marka la barbar dhigo dhiggeeda Yurub. 
Kaymaha ayaa muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha qaranka, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya adduunka ee soo saara alwaaxyada, waxayna alaabta ceeriin ku soo bandhigtaa qiimo tartan ah warshadaha warshadaynta alwaaxda . Dawladdu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay kaymaha muddo dheer oo la mid ah kan beeraha. Waxa ay nidaamisay jarista dhirta, waxa ay kafaala qaaday horumarinta farsamada, waxa ay dejisay qorshayaal wakhti dheer ah si loo dammaanad qaado waaritaanka kaymaha dalka ee sahayda warshadaynta dhirta. 
Laga bilaabo 2008 , celceliska heerka dakhliga, ee lagu hagaajiyay awoodda wax iibsiga, wuxuu ahaa mid la mid ah kan Talyaaniga, Sweden, Jarmalka iyo Faransiiska.  Sannadkii 2006, 62% ee xoogga shaqaalaha waxaa shaqaaleysiiyay shirkado ka yar 250 shaqaale, kuwaas oo soo saaray 49% wadarta dakhliga ganacsiga. Heerarka shaqaalaynta dumarku waa sarreeyaa. Kala soocidda jinsiga ee u dhexeeya xirfadaha ragga u badan iyo xirfadaha ay dumarku u badan yihiin waa ka sarreeyaa kuwa Maraykanka.  Qaybta shaqaalaha waqti-dhiman waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya OECD ee 1999. Laga bilaabo 2013 , 10 shaqo-bixiyeyaasha ugu waaweyn ee qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ee Finland waxay ahaayeen Itella , Nokia , OP - Pohjola , ISS , VR , Kesko , UPM -Kymmenea , Nordetso , Y.  Laga bilaabo 2022 , heerka shaqo la'aantu waxay ahayd 6.8%.
Laga bilaabo 2024 , 47% qoysasku waxay ka kooban yihiin hal qof, 32% laba qof iyo 21% saddex qof ama ka badan.Celcelis ahaan meesha la deggan yahay waa 40 mitir oo laba jibbaaran (430 sq ft) qofkiiba.  Sannadkii 2023, GDP-ga Finland waxa uu gaadhay €273 bilyan.  2022, guud ahaan 74 boqolkiiba dadka shaqeeya waxay ka shaqeeyeen adeegyada iyo maamulka, 21 boqolkiiba warshadaha iyo dhismaha, iyo afar boqolkiiba beeraha iyo kaynta. 
Finland waxay leedahay iskaashatooyinka ugu badan marka loo eego dadkeeda.  Tafaariiqda ugu weyn, oo sidoo kale ah loo-shaqeeyaha ugu weyn ee gaarka loo leeyahay, S-Group , iyo bangiga ugu weyn, OP-Group, ee dalka labaduba waa iskaashatooyin.
===Gaadiidka===
[[File:VR Sr2 3202 Tampere 2012-06-22.JPG|thumb|A nooca VR Class Sr2 . VR -da ay dowladdu leedahay waxay ka shaqeysaa shabakad tareen oo u adeegta dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Finland.]]
[[File:FIN A350 OH-LWA 7oct15 LFBO-2.jpg|thumb|Diyaarad Finnair oo ku taal Gegida Diyaaradaha ee Helsinki]]
Nidaamka waddooyinka Finland waxaa isticmaala inta badan xamuulka gudaha iyo gaadiidka rakaabka. Kharashka isku xidhka wadooyinka ee ay dawladu maamusho sanadkii oo dhan €1 bilyan waxa lagu bixiyaa cashuuraha gaadiidka iyo shidaalka kuwaas oo dhan ilaa 1.5 bilyan iyo €1 bilyan, siday u kala horreeyaan. Wadooyinka waaweyn ee Finland , wadooyinka ugu muhiimsan uguna mashquulka badan waxaa ka mid ah Wadada Turku ( E18 ), Tampere Highway ( E12 ), Wadada Lahti ( E75 ) iyo Wadooyinka giraanta ( Ring I iyo Ring III ) ee magaalada Helsinki iyo Wadada Tampere Ring Road ee magaalada Tampere . 
Kadinka rakaabka caalamiga ah ee ugu weyn waa Gegida Diyaaradaha ee Helsinki , kaas oo qaadi jiray ilaa 15.3 milyan oo rakaab ah sanadka 2023. 26 garoon diyaaradeed oo kale ayaa qorsheeyey adeegyada rakaabka.  Gegida diyaaradaha ee Helsinki ee fadhigeedu yahay Finnair , Blue1 , iyo Nordic Regional Airlines , Norwegian Air Shuttle waxay iibisaa adeegyada hawada gudaha iyo dibaddaba.
Dawladdu waxay sannad walba ku kharash garaysaa ilaa €350 milyan si ay u ilaaliso 5,865 kiiloomitir (3,644 mi) ee shabakadda waddooyinka tareenada. Gaadiidka tareenada waxaa gacanta ku haya kooxda VR ee ay dowladdu leedahay . 210​​​​​​​​​​​​ Helsinki waxay furtay nidaamka metro-ga waqooyi ee aduunka 1982.
Inta badan shixnadaha caalamiga ah waxaa lagu maamulaa dekedaha. Dekedda Vuosaari ee Helsinki waa dekedda weelka ugu weyn ee Finland; Kuwa kale waxaa ka mid ah Kotka , Hamina , Hanko , Pori , Rauma , iyo Oulu . Helsinki iyo Turku waxaa jira gaadiid rakaab ah oo isku xira Tallinn , Mariehamn , Stockholm iyo Travemünde . Waddada Helsinki-Tallinn waa mid ka mid ah marinnada badda ee rakaabka ee ugu mashquulka badan adduunka.
===Dalxiiska===
[[File:Hameenlinna.JPG|thumb|Qasriga taariikhiga ah ee Häme ee Hämeenlinna wuxuu ku yaal meel u dhow harada Vanajavesi ]]
Sannadkii 2017, dalxiiska Finland wuxuu soo xareeyay qiyaastii €15.0 bilyan. Lacagtaan, €4.6 bilyan (30%) waxay ka timid dalxiiska shisheeye.  Sannadkii 2017, waxaa jiray 15.2 milyan oo habeen oo dalxiisayaal gudaha ah iyo 6.7 milyan oo habeen oo dalxiisayaal shisheeye ah. Dalxiiska ayaa ku dhawaad ​​2.7% ku biiriyay GDP-ga Finland. 
Lapland ayaa leh dalxiiska ugu badan ee gobol kasta oo Finnish ah.  Xagga sare ee wareegga Arctic Circle , bartamihii jiilaalka, waxaa jira habeen cirifka ah , muddo marka qorraxdu aysan soo bixin maalmo ama toddobaadyo, ama xitaa bilo, iyo sida u dhiganta, qorraxdu saqda dhexe ee xagaaga, iyada oo aan qorraxdu dhicin xitaa saqda dhexe (ilaa 73 maalmood oo isku xigta, oo ah barta waqooyi). Lapland waa ilaa woqooyiga in aurora borealis , fluorescence ee jawiga sare ee dabaysha qorraxda , si joogto ah loo arko dayrta, jiilaalka, iyo guga. Lapland Finnish sidoo kale waxaa loo arkaa guriga Santa Claus , oo leh jardiinooyin badan oo mawduucyo ah, sida Santa Claus Village iyo Santa Park ee Rovaniemi . Goobaha kale ee dalxiiska ee muhiimka ah ee Lapland waxa kale oo ka mid ah meelaha lagu nasto ee barafka lagu ciyaaro ( sida Levi , Ruka iyo Ylläs )  iyo fuushan sariireed oo ay hogaaminayaan cawsha ama cawska .
[[File:Suomenlinna.jpg|thumb|Hadda oo ku taal Helsinki, Suomenlinna waa goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO oo ka kooban qalcad badeed la degganaa qarnigii 18aad oo laga dhisay lix jasiiradood. Waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu caansan ee loo dalxiis tago ee Finland]]
Goobaha dalxiiska ee Finland waxaa ka mid ah muuqaalka dabiiciga ah ee laga helo dalka oo dhan iyo sidoo kale meelaha soo jiidashada leh ee magaalooyinka. Finland waxay ka kooban tahay 40 jardiinooyin qaran ah (sida Koli National Park oo ku taal Waqooyiga Karelia ), laga bilaabo xeebaha koonfureed ee Gacanka Finland ilaa dhulka sare ee Lapland. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada bannaanka waxay u dhexeeyaan skiing Nordic , golf, kalluumeysi, doon bood-bood , doomo haro, socod lug ah, iyo kayaking , iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Daawashada shimbiruhu waxay caan ku tahay kuwa jecel avifauna, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugaarsiga sidoo kale waa caan.
Goobaha ugu caansan ee dalxiiska ee Helsinki waxaa ka mid ah Helsinki Cathedral iyo qalcadda badda Suomenlinna .  Jardiinooyinka Finnishka ee ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah Linnanmäki oo ku taal Helsinki iyo Särkänniemi ee Tampere . St. Olaf's Castle ( Olavinlinna ) ee Savonlinna waxay martigelisaa Bandhigga Opera ee Savonlinna ee sannadlaha ah ,  iyo millatariga dhexe ee magaalooyinka Turku , Rauma iyo Porvoo ayaa sidoo kale soo jiitay daawadayaasha. Safarrada ganacsiga ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waaweyn ee xeebaha iyo dekedaha ee gobolka Baltic waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan warshadaha dalxiiska maxalliga ah.
===Siyaasadda guud===
[[File:Helsingborg 2013-05-18 (9028295238).jpg|thumb|Calamada wadamada Waqooyiga Yurub ee bidix ilaa midig: Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Norway iyo Finland.]]
Siyaasiyiinta Finnishka ayaa inta badan ku dayday qaabka Waqooyiga Yurub.  Waqooyiga Yurub waxay ahaayeen ganacsi bilaash ah in ka badan qarni. Heerka ilaalinta ganacsiga badeecadaha ayaa ahaa mid hooseeya, marka laga reebo wax soo saarka beeraha.  Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 13aad ee 2025 tilmaanta caalamiga ah ee xorriyadda dhaqaalaha iyo sagaalaad ee Yurub.  Sida laga soo xigtay OECD, kaliya afar waddan oo EU-15 ah ayaa leh suuqyo wax soo saar oo nidaamsan iyo mid keliya ayaa leh suuqyo maaliyadeed oo nidaamsan .  Buugga Sannadka Tartanka Adduunka ee 2024 IMD ayaa Finland ka galay kaalinta 15-aad ee ugu tartanka badan . 218​​​​​ 
Nidaamka sharcigu waa cad yahay iyo xafiisyo ganacsi oo ka yar inta badan wadamada.  Xuquuqda hantida si wanaagsan ayaa loo ilaaliyaa heshiisyada qandaraasyadana si adag ayaa loo sharfay. Finland waxaa lagu qiimeeyay dalka ugu musuqmaasuqa yar aduunka marka loo eego tusmada aragtiyaha musuqmaasuqa iyo 20aad ee fududaynta samaynta tusmada ganacsiga . 
Finland heshiisyada shaqadu waa kuwo caalami ah oo jira. Kuwan waxaa loo diyaariyaa dhowrkii sanoba mar xirfad kasta iyo heer sare, iyada oo leh shaqooyin yar oo ka baxsan nidaamka. Heshiisku waxa uu noqdaa mid caalami ah oo la dhaqan geliyo waa haddii in ka badan 50% shaqaaluhu ay taageeraan, dhaqan ahaan iyaga oo xubin ka ah urur shaqaale oo ay khusayso. Heerka midawgu waa sarreeyaa (70%), gaar ahaan dabaqadda dhexe ( AKAVA , inta badan xirfadlayaasha jaamacadda wax ku bartay: 80%).
==Tirakoobka dadweynaha==
Dadka Finland waa ku dhawaad ​​5.6 milyan. Heerka dhalashadu waa 7.8 1,000kii qof ee deggan, taasoo siinaysa heerka bacriminta 1.26 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba ,  mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka oo aad uga hooseeya heerka beddelka ee 2.1. Sannadkii 1887-kii, Finland waxay diiwaangelisay heerka ugu sarreeya, iyada oo 5.17 carruur ah ay dhalatay haweeneydiiba.  Heerka dhimashada carruurtu waa 2.1 dhimasho 1,000kii dhallaan kasta, mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka; Tan waxaa loo aaneynayaa nidaam caafimaad oo xooggan iyo dadaallada daryeelka hooyada oo adag, oo ay ku jiraan barnaamijka xirmada dhalmada .  Finland waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah dadka ugu da'da weyn adduunka, oo leh da'da dhexe ee 44.0 sano iyo 23.6% dadweynaha da'doodu tahay 65 iyo ka weyn. Finland waxay leedahay celcelis ahaan cufnaanta dadweynaha 19 degane kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran. Tani waa cufnaanta saddexaad ee ugu hooseeysa Yurub, ka dib Norway iyo Iceland , iyo kan ugu hooseeya Midowga Yurub. Dadka reer Finland ayaa had iyo jeer ku soo ururay koonfurta dalka, waana arrin aad u soo shaac baxday intii lagu jiray magaalooyinka qarnigii 20-aad. Saddex ka mid ah afarta magaalo ee ugu waaweyn Finland waxay ku yaalliin agagaarka caasimadda : Helsinki, Espoo iyo Vantaa . Magaalada Tampere waa sadexaad ka dib Helsinki iyo Espoo, Vantaana waa afraad. Magaalooyinka kale ee ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100,000 waa Turku , Oulu , Jyväskylä , Kuopio iyo Lahti .
Tirada dadka soo galootiga ah ee Finland way sii kordhaysaa. Laga bilaabo 2024 , Finland waxaa ku noolaa 623,949 qof asal shisheeye ah (11.1% dadweynaha), badankood waxay ka yimaadeen Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, Estonia, Ciraaq, Soomaaliya, Ukraine, Shiinaha iyo Hindiya. Carruurta ajaanibka ah si toos ah looma siiyo dhalashada Finnishka, maadaama sharciga jinsiyadda Finnishku uu ilaalinayo siyaasadda Jus sanguinis , taas oo keliya carruurta ay dhaleen ugu yaraan hal waalid oo Finnish ah la siiyo jinsiyadda. Haddii ay ku dhasheen Finland oo aysan heli karin dhalasho waddan kale, waxay noqonayaan muwaadiniin Finnish ah.  Intaa waxaa dheer, dadka qaarkood oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Finnishka ee ku nool wadamada mar ka mid ahaa Midowga Soofiyeeti waxay heystaan ​​xuquuqda soo noqoshada , ie xaq u leeyihiin in ay degaan rasmi ah ka sameystaan ​​waddanka, taas oo ugu dambeyntii xaq u siin doonta dhalashada.  Laga bilaabo 2024 , 10.3% dadka Finnishka ah waxay ku dhasheen ajaanib. Soo-galootinkii ugu dambeeyay ayaa keenay in waddanku leeyahay dad aad u tiro badan oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha Istooniyaanka , Ruushka , Ukrainiyiinta , Ciraaqiyiinta , Shiinaha , Soomaalida , Filibiiniinta , Hindida iyo Iiraaniyiinta . 
Dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Finland waxaa ka mid ah Sami, Roma , Yuhuuda iyo Tataarka . Roma oo ka tirsan kooxda Kale ee Finland waxay degeen waddanka dhammaadkii qarnigii 16aad
===Luuqada===
[[File:Languages of Finnish municipalities (2016).svg|thumb|]]
Finnish iyo Iswidish waa luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Finland. Finnishka ayaa ku badan dalka oo dhan halka Iswidishka looga hadlo qaar ka mid ah xeebaha galbeedka iyo koonfurta (oo leh magaalooyin ay ka mid yihiin Ekenäs ,  Pargas , Närpes , Kristinestad , Jakobstad iyo Nykarlebynom ee gobolka . , kaas oo ah gobolka keliya ee lagaga hadlo Iswidhishka hal luuqad ee Finland.  Laga bilaabo 2024 , luqadda hooyo ee 84.1% dadku waxay ahayd Finnish, oo ka mid ah koox-hoosaadka Finnishka ee luqadda Uralic . Luqadu waa mid ka mid ah afar luuqadood oo EU-da ee rasmiga ah oo aan asal ahaan ka soo jeedin Indo-Yurub , mana lahan wax xidhiidh ah oo la xidhiidha afafka kale ee qaranka ee Waqooyiga Yurub . Taa beddelkeeda, Finnishku waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan Estoniyan iyo Karelian , iyo in ka sii fog luqadaha Hungarian iyo Sami .
Iswidishka waa luqadda hooyo ee 5.1% dadweynaha ( Finnishka ku hadasha Iswidhishka ). Iswidhishku waa maaddo dugsiyeed khasab ah, aqoonta guud ee luqadduna way ku fiican tahay dad badan oo aan ku hadlin. Sidoo kale, badi dadka aan Iswidhishka ku hadlin ee aan Ålanderka ahayn waxay ku hadli karaan Finnish.  Dhinaca Finnishka ee soohdinta dhulka ee Iswidhan waa mid aan af Finnish ku hadlin. Iswidhishka soohdinta waa ka duwan yahay kan Iswidishka looga hadlo Finland. Waxaa jira farqi weyn oo xagga dhawaaqa ah oo u dhexeeya noocyada iswidhishka ee looga hadlo labada waddan, in kasta oo caqli-galnimadooda ay ku dhowdahay mid caalami ah. 
Finnish Romani waxaa ku hadla ilaa 5,000-6,000 oo qof; Finland waxaa ku nool 13,000-14,000 Roomaani ah  Romani iyo Luqadda Farta Finnishka ayaa sidoo kale lagu aqoonsan yahay dastuurka. Waxaa jira laba luqadood oo calaamadaha: Luqadda calaamadaha Finishka, oo ay ku hadlaan hooyo 4,000-5,000 oo qof,  iyo Luqadda Calaamadaha ee Finland-Swedishka , oo ay ku hadlaan hooyo ilaa 150 qof. Tataarka waxaa ku hadla dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Tataarka Finnishka ah oo gaaraya 800 oo qof oo awoowayaashood u soo guureen Finland inta u dhaxaysa 1870-meeyadii iyo 1920-meeyadii. 
Luqadaha Saamigu waxay ku leeyihiin maqaam rasmi ah qaybo ka mid ah Lapland, halkaas oo Sami , oo ka badan 10,000 loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin dad asal ah . Qiyaastii rubuc ka mid ah waxay ku hadlaan af Sami sida afkooda hooyo. [ Luuqadaha Sami ee lagaga hadlo Finland waa Waqooyiga Sami , Inari Sami iyo Skolt Sami .  Xuquuqda kooxaha laga tirada badan yahay (gaar ahaan Sami, Swedish ku hadla, iyo Romani dadka) waxaa ilaaliya dastuurka.  Luqadaha Waqooyiga Yurub iyo Karelian ayaa sidoo kale si gaar ah looga aqoonsaday qaybo ka mid ah Finland.
Laga bilaabo 2024 , luqadaha ajnabiga ah ee ugu caansan waa Ruush (1.8%), Istooniyaan (0.9%), Carabi (0.8%), Yukreeniyaan (0.7%) iyo Ingiriisiga (0.7%). 
Ingiriisida ardayda badidooda waxay u bartaan maaddo qasab ah oo laga soo bilaabo fasalka koowaad (toddobo sano jir), oo hore u dhigan jiray fasalka saddexaad ama shanaad, dugsiga hoose/dhexe (dugsiga qaarkood luqado kale ayaa la dooran karaa). Jarmal, Faransiis, Isbaanish iyo Ruush waxaa loo baran karaa sidii luqadaha labaad ee ajnabiga fasalka afraad (10 sano jir, dugsiyada qaarkood ayaa laga yaabaa inay bixiyaan doorashooyin kale).
===Diinta===
Iyadoo ay xubno ka yihiin 3.5 milyan,  Kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland waa hay'adda diimeed ee ugu weyn Finland; Laga bilaabo 2024 , 62.2% dadka Finnishka ah waxay ahaayeen xubno kaniisadda ah.  Kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland waxay aragtay qaybteeda dadka waddanka oo hoos u dhac ku yimid qiyaastii boqolkiiba boqol sannadihii u dambeeyay. Hoos u dhaca waxaa u sabab ah iska casilidii xubinimada kaniisadda iyo hoos u dhaca heerarka baabtiiska. Kooxda labaad ee ugu weyn, oo ka dhigan 26.3% dadweynaha  ee 2017, ma laha diin diineed. Tiro yar ayaa iska leh kaniisada Ortodokska ee Finland (1.1%). Diidhyada kale ee Protestant-ka iyo Kaniisadda Katooliga Roomaanka ayaa aad u yar, si la mid ah Yuhuudda iyo bulshooyinka kale ee aan Masiixiyiinta ahayn (oo dhan 1.6%). Xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew ayaa ku qiyaastay dadka muslimiinta ah 2.7% sanadka 2016. 
Kaniisadda dawladda Finland waxay ahayd Kaniisadda Iswidhan ilaa 1809. Iyadoo Grand Duchy madax-banaan oo hoos timaada Ruushka laga bilaabo 1809 ilaa 1917, Finland waxay sii haysataa nidaamka kaniisadda dawladda Lutheran, waxaana la aasaasay kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland. Ka dib markii ay Finland xornimada qaadatay 1917, xorriyadda diinta waxaa lagu dhawaaqay dastuurkii 1919, iyo sharci gaar ah oo ku saabsan xorriyadda diinta 1922. Iyada oo habkan loo marayo, Kaniisadda Evangelical Lutheran ee Finland waxay heshay sharci dastuuri ah oo ah kaniisad qaran oo ay weheliso Kaniisadda Ortodokska ee Finnish, taas oo si kastaba ha ahaatee mawqifkeeda aan lagu qeexin dastuurka. Kaniisadaha Lutheran iyo Ortodokska ee ugu waaweyn waxay leeyihiin doorar gaar ah sida xafladaha dawladda iyo dugsiyada. 
2016, 69.3% carruurta Finnishka ah ayaa la baabtiisay ,  laakiin 2019, tiradan ayaa hoos u dhacday ilaa 62%  iyo 82.3% ayaa la xaqiijiyay 2012 da'da 15, iyo in ka badan 90% aaska waa Masiixi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan Lutherans waxay tagaan kaniisadda munaasabadaha gaarka ah sida xafladaha Christmas-ka, aroosyada, iyo aaska. Kaniisadda Lutheran waxay ku qiyaastay in ku dhawaad ​​1.8% xubnaheeda ay tagaan adeegyada kaniisadaha toddobaad kasta. Celceliska tirada booqashooyinka kaniisadda sanadkii ee xubnaha kaniisaddu waa ku dhawaad ​​laba. 
Marka loo eego ra'yi ururin Eurobarometer 2010 , 33% muwaadiniinta Finland waxay ku jawaabeen &quot;inay rumaystaan ​​​​in Ilaah jiro&quot;; 42% waxay ku jawaabeen inay &quot;rumaysan yihiin inay jiraan nooc ka mid ah ruuxa ama xoogga nolosha&quot;; iyo 22% in &quot;ma rumaysna inuu jiro nooc ka mid ah ruuxa, Ilaah, ama xoogga nolosha&quot;. Marka loo eego xogta sahanka ISSP (2008), 8% waxay isu haystaan ​​inay yihiin &quot;diimeed sare&quot;, iyo 31% &quot;diime dhexdhexaad ah&quot;. Isla sahankaas, 28% waxay isu sheegeen inay yihiin &quot;Agnostic&quot; iyo 29% &quot;aan diin ahayn&quot;.
===Caafimaadka===
[[File:Verenluovuttaja.tiff|thumb|Nin ku deeqaya dhiigga Adeegga Dhiigga Laanqeyrta Cas ee Finland]]
Cimrigu waxa uu ahaa ragga 79 sano , dumarkana 84.2 sano 2023 [ 277 ] Heerka bacriminta ee 2023 wuxuu istaagay 1.26 carruur ah oo dhashay / haweeney kasta waxayna ka hooseysaa heerka beddelka 2.1 tan iyo 1969 . heerka ugu hooseeya ee dhalmada ee 193 waddan.
[[File:Äitiyspakkauksen laatikko vm 2000 kuva 2-2.jpg|thumb|Laga soo bilaabo 1948, Finland waxay siisay dhammaan hooyooyinka xirmo hooyanimo , oo ka kooban dhar carruureed iyo waxyaabo kale oo lagama maarmaan ah. Xirmada ka muuqata sawirka waa laga soo bilaabo 2000.]]
Waxaa jiray koror yar ama isbeddel ku yimid daryeelka iyo sinnaan la'aanta caafimaadka ee u dhaxaysa kooxaha dadweynaha qarniga 21aad. Cudurada la xiriira hab-nololeedka ayaa sii kordhaya. In ka badan nus malyuun qof oo Finnish ah ayaa la ildaran cudurka macaanka , nooca 1aad ee sonkorowga ayaa ah midka ugu badan Finland. Carruur badan ayaa laga helay cudurka macaanka nooca 2 . Tirada cudurrada muruqyada iyo kansarka ayaa sii kordhaya, inkastoo saadaalinta kansarka ay soo roonaatay. Xasaasiyadda iyo waallida ayaa sidoo kale Finland ku soo badanaya dhibaatooyin caafimaad. Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu badan ee naafanimada shaqada waxaa sabab u ah xanuunada maskaxda, gaar ahaan niyad-jabka .  Iyadoo aan la jaan qaadin da'da , heerarka is-dilka ayaa ahaa 13 100 000 ee 2015, oo ku dhow celceliska Waqooyiga Yurub. Heerarka is-miidaaminta ee heerka da'da ayaa weli ah kuwa ugu sarreeya waddamada horumaray ee OECD. 
Waxaa jira 307 degane dhakhtar kasta.  Ilaa 19% daryeelka caafimaadka waxaa si toos ah u maalgeliya qoysaska iyo 77% canshuur.
Bishii Abriil 2012, Finland waxay gashay kaalinta labaad ee Farxadda Guud ee Qaranka warbixin uu daabacay Machadka Earth. Tan iyo 2012, Finland mar walba waxay ku jirtaa ugu yaraan 5-ta waddan ee ugu farxadda badan adduunka ee Warbixinta Farxadda Adduunka ee sannadlaha ah ee Qaramada Midoobay ,  iyo sidoo kale kaalinta waddanka ugu farxadda badan tan iyo 2018.
===Waxbarashada iyo sayniska===
[[File:Oodi July 2019 2.jpg|thumb|Maktabadda Dhexe ee Helsinki Oodi waxaa loo doortay inay noqoto maktabadda dadweynaha ugu wanaagsan adduunka sannadka 2019.]]
Inta badan waxbarashada dugsiga sare waxaa lagu habeeyaa heer degmo. Ku dhawaad ​​3 boqolkiiba ardayda ayaa iska diiwaan gashan dugsiyada gaarka ah (inta badan luqadaha takhasuska leh iyo dugsiyada caalamiga ah). [ 291 ] Waxbarashada tooska ah waxaa badanaa lagu bilaabaa da'da 7. Dugsiga hoose wuxuu caadi ahaan qaataa lix sano dugsiga sarena saddex sano.

Manhajka waxaa dejinaya wasaaradda waxbarashada iyo dhaqanka iyo guddiga waxbarashada. Waxbarashadu waa qasab inta u dhaxaysa da'da 7 iyo 18. Dugsiga hoose ka bacdi, ardayda ka qalin jebisa waxay codsan karaan dugsiyada ganacsiga ama jimicsiga (dugsiyada sare). Dugsiyada ganacsigu waxay bixiyaan waxbarasho xirfadeed : qiyaastii 40% kooxda da'da ayaa doorta jidkan kadib dugsiga sare. [ 292 ] Goobaha jimicsiga ee ku jihaysan tacliinta waxay leeyihiin shuruudo gelitaan sare waxayna si gaar ah ugu diyaar garoobaan Abitur iyo waxbarashada sare. Qalinjabinta midkoodna waxay si rasmi ah ugu qalantaa waxbarasho heer jaamacadeed ah.
[[File:Lc3 2018 (263682303) (cropped).jpeg|thumb|Linus Torvalds , Injineer software- ka Finnishka ah oo caan ku ah abuurista Linux - ka caanka ah ee isha furan]]
Waxbarashada sare, laba waaxood oo kala duwan oo aan is-dhexgal ahayn ayaa laga helaa: kulliyadaha farsamada gacanta iyo jaamacaddaha cilmi-baarista. Waxbarashadu waa lacag la'aan kharashaadka nolosha ayaa ilaa xad ay dawladdu ku maalgelisaa faa'iidooyinka ardayda . Dalka waxa ka jira 15 jaamacadood iyo 24 jaamacadood oo cilmiga cilmiga ah (UAS). Jaamacadda Helsinki waxa ay ku jirtaa kaalinta 117 - aad ee qiimaynta sare ee jaamacadda ee 2025 .​​​​​​​​​​​​ Kuopio iyo Joensuu , iyo Jaamacadda Tampere . 
Ururka dhaqaalaha adduunka ayaa kaalinta 2-aad ka galay waxbarashada sare ee Finland ee adduunka. Qiyaastii 33% dadka degan waxay haystaan ​​shahaado jaamacadeed, oo la mid ah Waqooyiga Yurub iyo in ka badan inta badan wadamada kale ee OECD marka laga reebo Kanada (44%), Maraykanka (38%) iyo Japan (37%).  Intaa waxaa dheer, 38% dadweynaha Finland waxay haystaan ​​​​shahaadada jaamacadeed ama kulliyadda , taas oo ka mid ah boqolleyda ugu sarreeya adduunka.  Waxbarashada dadka waaweyn waxay u muuqataa noocyo kala duwan, sida dugsiyada fiidkii sare, machadyada madaniga ah iyo shaqaalaha, xarumaha waxbarashada, xarumaha koorsada farsamada, iyo dugsiyada dadweynaha . 
In ka badan 30% ardayda ka qalin jabisa jaamacada waxay ku jiraan maadooyin sayniska la xiriira. Horumarinta kaynta, cilmi baarista agabka, cilmiga deegaanka, shabakadaha neerfaha, fiisigiska heerkulka hooseeya, cilmi baarista maskaxda, tignoolajiyada bayoolajiga, tignoolajiyada hidaha, iyo isgaadhsiinta waxay soo bandhigaan qaybaha daraasadda halkaasoo cilmi-baarayaasha Finnishku ay saameyn weyn ku yeesheen.  Finland aad ayay uga soo saartaa cilmi-baarista sayniska. Sannadkii 2005, Finland waxay lahayd afraad ee daabacaadyada cilmiyeed ee qofkiiba dalalka OECD.  Sannadkii 2007, 1,801 shatiyo ayaa laga xareeyay Finland
==Dhaqanka==
===Suugaanta===
[[File:Tove Jansson 1956.jpg|thumb|Qoraa iyo farshaxan Tove Jansson]]
Afka Finnishka ee qoran waxa la odhan karaa wuu jiray tan iyo markii Mikael Agricola uu Axdiga Cusub u turjumay afka Finnishka intii lagu jiray Dib-u-habaynta Protestanka , laakiin tiro yar oo suugaaneed oo caan ah ayaa la qoray ilaa qarnigii 19aad iyo bilowgii dhaqdhaqaaqa jacaylka ee Finland . Tani waxay ku kaliftay Elias Lönnrot inuu ururiyo gabayada Finnishka iyo Karelian oo uu habeeyo oo u daabaco Kalevala , oo ah halyeyga qaranka Finnishka . Waagii waxa soo baxay gabayo iyo qoraayaal wax ku qora afka Finnishka, gaar ahaan qoraaga qaranka ee Finland, Aleksis Kivi ( The Seven Brothers ), iyo Minna Canth , Eino Leino , iyo Juhani Aho . Qorayaal badan oo ka mid ah baraarujinta qaranka ayaa ku qoray af Iswiidhish, sida gabayaaga qaranka JL Runeberg ( The Tales of Ensign Stål ) iyo Zachris Topelius .
Ka dib markii Finland xornimada qaadatay, waxaa soo baxay qoraayaal casri ah oo uu ugu caansan yahay gabayaagii Iswidishka ku hadla Edith Södergran . Qorayaasha af Finnishka ku hadla ayaa sahmiyay mawduucyo qaran iyo mid taariikheed. Inta badan iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen Frans Eemil Sillanpää , kaas oo la siiyay Nobel Prize ee suugaanta ee 1939, qoraaga taariikhiga ah Mika Waltari , iyo Väinö Linna oo uu la socdo Askariga aan la aqoon iyo Under the North Star trilogy . Laga bilaabo Paavo Haavikko , gabayada Finnishku waxay qaateen casriyeynta. Marka laga soo tago Lönnrot's Kalevala iyo Waltari, Tove Jansson oo ku hadasha Iswidishka , oo loo yaqaanno abuuraha Moomins , ayaa ah qoraaga Finnishka ah ee ugu tarjuman;  buugaagteeda waxaa lagu turjumay in ka badan 40 luqadood.
===Farshaxanka muuqaalka, nashqadeynta, iyo qaab-dhismeedka===
[[File:Sammon puolustus.jpg|thumb|Akseli Gallen-Kallela , Difaaca Sampo , 1896, Matxafka Farshaxanka ee Turku]]
Farshaxanka muuqaalka ee Finland wuxuu bilaabay inuu sameeyo sifooyinkooda qarnigii 19aad markii waddaniyadda Romantic ay kor u kacday ismaamulka Finland. Rinjiyeynta Finnishka ah ee ugu caansan, Akseli Gallen-Kallela , ayaa bilaabay rinjiyeynta qaab dabiici ah laakiin waxay u guureen jaceylka qaranka. Sawir-qaadayaasha kale ee caanka ah ee waaga waxaa ka mid ah Pekka Halonen , Eero Järnefelt , Helene Schjerfbeck iyo Hugo Simberg . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20-aad, fanka homoerotic-ka ee Touko Laaksonen, oo magaciisu yahay Tom of Finland , ayaa helay dhagaystayaal caalami ah. 
Sawir-gacmeedkii ugu caansanaa Finland qarnigii 20-aad wuxuu ahaa Wäinö Aaltonen , oo lagu xasuusto basskiisa iyo farshaxankiisa. Shaqooyinka Eila Hiltunen iyo Laila Pullinen ayaa tusaale u ah casriga casriga ah ee farshaxanimada.
Dadka Finnishka ah ayaa gacan weyn ka geystay farsamada gacanta iyo naqshadeynta warshadaha : Timo Sarpaneva waxaa ka mid ah tirooyinka caalamiga ah ee caanka ah., Tapio Wirkkala and Ilmari Tapiovaara. Finnish architecture is famous around the world, and has contributed significantly to several styles internationally, such as Jugendstil (or Art Nouveau), Nordic Classicism and functionalism. Among the top 20th-century Finnish architects to gain international recognition are Eliel Saarinen and his son Eero Saarinen. Architect Alvar Aalto is regarded as among the most important 20th-century designers in the world; he helped bring functionalist architecture to Finland, but soon was a pioneer in its development towards an organic style. Aalto is also famous for his work in furniture, lamps, textiles, and glassware, which were usually incorporated into his buildings.
===Muusiga caanka ah===
[[File:Apocalyptica1.jpg|thumb|Perttu Kivilaakso ee Apocalyptica]]
Iskelmä (oo si toos ah uga soo jeeda ereyga Jarmalka Schlager , oo macneheedu yahay &quot;ku dhuftay&quot;) waa eray Finnish ah oo dhaqameed oo loogu talagalay hees caan ah oo caan ah. Muusiga caanka ah ee Finnishka waxa kale oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee muusiga qoob ka ciyaarka ; Tango , qaabka muusiga Argentine , sidoo kale waa caan. Muusiga fudud ee meelaha lagaga hadlo Iswidhishka ayaa saamayn badan ku leh Iswiidhan. Ugu yaraan dhowr qof oo Finnish ah ayaa caan ka ah adduunka oo dhan, sida Säkkijärven polkka  iyo &quot; Ievan polkka &quot;. 
Intii lagu jiray 1970naadkii, kooxda dhagxaanta ee Wigwam iyo kooxda dhagaxa iyo duubka ee Hurriganes waxay heleen ixtiraam dibadda ah. Goobta punk- ka Finnishka waxay soo saartay magacyo caalami ah oo la aqoonsan yahay oo ay ku jiraan Terveet Kädet 1980-meeyadii. Hanoi Rocks wuxuu ahaa horudhac ficil glam rock ah .  Qaybo badan oo bir ah oo Finnish ah ayaa helay aqoonsi caalami ah; Finland waxaa badanaa loogu yeeraa &quot;Dhulka Ballanqaadka ah ee Birta culus&quot; sababtoo ah waxaa jira in ka badan 50 bir ah oo loogu talagalay 100,000 qof oo kasta - in ka badan waddan kasta oo adduunka ah.  Muusigga casriga ah ee caanka ah ee Finishka waxaa ka mid ah tiro fannaaniin caan ah oo dhagax weyn ah , fannaaniinta pop-ka, fannaaniinta jazz-ka , jilayaasha hip-hop , iyo falalka muusigga qoob-ka-ciyaarka. Finland waxa ay ku guulaysatay tartanka heesaha Eurovision hal mar sanadkii 2006 markaas oo Lordi uu ku guulaystay tartanka heesta ''Hard Rock Hallelujah'' . Farshaxanistaha fanka Finnishka Käärijä ayaa sidoo kale kaalinta labaad ka galay tartanka 2023 heestiisa caanka ah ee ''Cha Cha Cha'
===Shaleemo iyo telefishan===
[[File:Aki Kaurismäki at Berlinale 2017.jpg|thumb|Agaasimaha filimka Aki Kaurismäki]]
Warshadaha filimada, agaasimayaasha casriga ah ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah walaalaha Mika iyo Aki Kaurismäki , Dome Karukoski , Antti Jokinen , Jalmari Helander , iyo Renny Harlin . Qaar ka mid ah taxanaha riwaayadaha Finnishka ayaa si caalami ah loo yaqaan, sida Bordertown . 
Mid ka mid ah filimada Finnishka ah ee ugu guulaha badan caalamka waa The White Reindeer , oo uu agaasimay Erik Blomberg 1952, kaas oo ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Golden Globe ee Filimka Dibadda ee ugu Fiican 1956 Ninka aan hore u jirin , oo uu hago Aki Kaurismäki 2002, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta Akadeemiyada ee Filimka Luuqadda Dibadda ugu Fiican ee 2002 kuna guuleystay Grand Prix ee 2002 Cannes Film Festival ; iyo The Fencer , oo uu hagayo Klaus Härö ee 2015, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta 73aad ee Golden Globe ee qaybta filimka ugu fiican ee luqadda ajnabiga ah sida wax soo saarka Finnish / Jarmal / Istooniyaan. 
Gudaha Finland, filimada ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah Askariga aan la garanayn , oo uu agaasimay Edvin Laine 1955.  Halkan, Under the North Star from 1968, sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda Finnishka. Filim majaajillo ah oo dambi ah 1960kii Isbatooraha Palmu's qalad , oo uu agaasimay Matti Kassila , ayaa loo codeeyay 2012 filimka ugu fiican Finnishka waqtiga oo dhan ee dhaleeceynta filimada Finnishka iyo saxafiyiinta,  laakiin 1984 filimka majaajilada ah Uuno Turhapuro ee Ciidanka , filimka sagaalaad ee gudaha Finland ayaa weli ah filimka Turhapu tan iyo 1968-kii ee dhagaystayaasha Finnishka.
Warshadaha filimada, agaasimayaasha casriga ah ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah walaalaha Mika iyo Aki Kaurismäki , Dome Karukoski , Antti Jokinen , Jalmari Helander , iyo Renny Harlin . Qaar ka mid ah taxanaha riwaayadaha Finnishka ayaa si caalami ah loo yaqaan, sida Bordertown . 
Mid ka mid ah filimada Finnishka ah ee ugu guulaha badan caalamka waa The White Reindeer , oo uu agaasimay Erik Blomberg 1952, kaas oo ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Golden Globe ee Filimka Dibadda ee ugu Fiican 1956 Ninka aan hore u jirin , oo uu hago Aki Kaurismäki 2002, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta Akadeemiyada ee Filimka Luuqadda Dibadda ugu Fiican ee 2002 kuna guuleystay Grand Prix ee 2002 Cannes Film Festival ; iyo The Fencer , oo uu hagayo Klaus Härö ee 2015, kaas oo loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta 73aad ee Golden Globe ee qaybta filimka ugu fiican ee luqadda ajnabiga ah sida wax soo saarka Finnish / Jarmal / Istooniyaan. 
Gudaha Finland, filimada ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah Askariga aan la garanayn , oo uu agaasimay Edvin Laine 1955.  Halkan, Under the North Star from 1968, sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda Finnishka. Filim majaajillo ah oo dambi ah 1960kii Isbatooraha Palmu's qalad , oo uu agaasimay Matti Kassila , ayaa loo codeeyay 2012 filimka ugu fiican Finnishka waqtiga oo dhan ee dhaleeceynta filimada Finnishka iyo saxafiyiinta,  laakiin 1984 filimka majaajilada ah Uuno Turhapuro ee Ciidanka , filimka sagaalaad ee gudaha Finland ayaa weli ah filimka Turhapu tan iyo 1968-kii ee dhagaystayaasha Finnishka.
===Warbaahinta iyo isgaarsiinta===
[[File:Sanomatalo - Helsinki - 13.9.2013.jpg|thumb|Sanomatalo waxaa ku yaal dhowr xafiis oo wargeysyo iyo idaacado ah]]
Maanta, waxaa jira ku dhawaad ​​200 oo wargeys , 320 joornaal oo caan ah, 2,100 joornaal xirfadlayaal ah, iyo 67 idaacadood oo ganacsi ah. Wargeyska ugu weyn waa Helsingin Sanomat , wareeggiisu waa 339,437 illaa 2019 . Yle , Shirkadda baahinta Finishka, waxay ka hawlgashaa shan kanaal oo telefishan ah iyo saddex iyo toban kanaal oo raadiyow ah. Sannad kasta, ku dhawaad ​​12,000 oo buug ayaa la daabacaa.
Iyada oo ay ku mahadsantahay sida ay xoogga u saartay hufnaanta iyo xuquuqaha loo siman yahay, saxaafadda Finland ayaa lagu qiimeeyay kuwa ugu xorriyadda badan adduunka.  Adduunka oo dhan, Finns, oo ay weheliyaan dadyowga kale ee Waqooyiga Yurub iyo Jabbaan, ayaa wakhtiga ugu badan ku bixiya akhrinta wargeysyada. Marka la eego kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta , Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta saddexaad, oo ka hooseysa Mareykanka iyo Singapore tusmada u diyaarsanaanta Shabakadda ee Machadka Portulan (NRI) - tilmaame lagu go'aamiyo heerka horumarinta tignoolajiyada macluumaadka iyo isgaarsiinta dalka.
===Cunto===
[[File:Ruisleipä-limppu reikäleipä reissumies hapankorppu-1.JPG|thumb |Ruisleipä , rooti galley galley ah oo madow , ayaa haysa heerka cuntada qaranka ee Finland]]
Cunnada Finnishka guud ahaan waxay isku daraysaa qiimaha caadiga ah ee waddanka iyo karinta qaabka casriga ah. Baradhada, hilibka iyo kalluunka ayaa door muuqda ka ciyaara cuntooyinka dhaqameed ee Finishka. Cuntooyinka Finnishka ah waxay inta badan isticmaalaan waxyaabaha ka sameysan rootiga ( galley , shaciir , miro ) iyo miraha (sida bilberry , lingonberries , Cloudberries , iyo buckthorn badda ). Caanaha iyo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa sida caanaha subagga ayaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa cunto iyo cabitaan ahaan. Cuntada kalluunka ee ugu caansan Finland waa salmon .
Finland waa dalka labaad ee ugu badan adduunka ee qofkiiba cabbo kafeega .  Isticmaalka caanaha sidoo kale waa sarreeyaa, celcelis ahaan qiyaastii 112 litir (25 imp gal; 30 US gal), qofkiiba, sannadkii, inkastoo 17% dadka Finnishka ah ay u dulqaadanayaan lactose
===Fasaxyada dadweynaha===
Finland waxaa ka jira fasaxyo dhowr ah, kuwaas oo laga yaabo in dhaqanka Finnishka ugu caansan ay ka mid yihiin Christmas ( joulu ), Midsummer ( juhannus ), May Day ( vappu ) iyo maalinta madaxbannaanida ( itsenäisyyspäivä ). Kuwaasoo ka mid ah, Christmas-ka iyo Midsommer-ka waa kuwo gaar ah Finland sababtoo ah xafladaha dhabta ah waxay dhacaan habeenka, sida Christmas Eve iyo Midsommer's Eve ,  halka Maalinta Kirismaska ​​iyo Maalinta Midsommar ay aad ugu sii diyaarsan yihiin nasashada. Fasaxyada kale ee guud ee Finland waa maalinta sanadka cusub , Epiphany , Jimce wanaagsan , Axadda Easter-ka iyo Isniinta Easter-ka , Maalinta Koritaanka , Maalinta Dhammaan Saints' Day iyo Maalinta Saint Stephen . Dhammaan fasaxyada rasmiga ah ee Finland waxaa dejinaya Xeerarka Baarlamaanka.
===Ciyaaraha===
[[File:Finlandhockeybronze2010WinterOlympics.jpg|thumb|Kooxda xeegada barafka ee ragga ee Finland ayaa lagu qiimeeyaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu fiican adduunka. Kooxdu waxay ku guulaysatay afar horyaal oo caalami ah (1995, 2011, 2019 iyo 2022) iyo hal bilad dahab ah oo Olombikada ah (2022).]]
Munaasabado isboorti oo kala duwan ayaa caan ka ah Finland. Pesäpallo , oo Finnish ah oo u dhiganta baseball-ka Mareykanka , waa isboortiga qaranka ee Finland, in kasta oo isboortiga ugu caansan ee daawashada uu yahay xeegada barafka .  Ciyaaraha kale ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah ciyaaraha fudud , ciyaaraha barafka , boodada barafka , kubbadda cagta , kubbadda laliska , iyo kubbadda kolayga .  Kubadda cagta ururku waa kooxda ugu badan ee loo ciyaaro marka loo eego tirada ciyaartoyda dalka.  Xulka kubbadda koleyga ee Finland ayaa helay dareen dadweyne oo aad u badan. 
Marka la eego billadaha iyo billadaha dahabka ah ee lagu guuleysto qofkiiba, Finland waa waddanka ugu waxqabadka wanaagsan taariikhda Olombikada.  Finland waxa ay markii ugu horaysay ka qayb qaadatay qaran ahaan iskeed ugu qaybsantay Ciyaaraha Olombikada 1908dii Sanadihii 1920-meeyadii iyo 30-meeyadii, orodyahanada Finnishka ee orodyahanada fog-fog ayaa awood ku lahaa ciyaaraha Olombikada, iyadoo Paavo Nurmi ay ku guuleysatay wadar ahaan sagaal billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah, waxaana ay dhigtay 22 rikoor caalami ah intii u dhaxeysay 1921 iyo 1931. Nurmi ayaa inta badan loo arkaa inuu yahay ciyaaryahankii ugu fiicnaa Finnishka iyo mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu fiican abid. Ciyaaraha Olombikada xagaaga ee 1952 ayaa lagu qabtay Helsinki.
Dhacdadii tuurista waranku waxa ay Finland ku soo kordhisay sagaal billadood oo dahab ah oo Olombikada ah, shan horyaal oo adduunka ah, shan horyaal oo Yurub ah, iyo 24 rikoodh caalami ah. Finland sidoo kale waxay leedahay taariikh caan ah oo ku saabsan iskeytka . Ciyaartoyga Finnishka ah ayaa ku guulaystey 8 horyaal oo aduunka ah iyo 13 koob oo aduunka da'da yar oo iskeyt isku xiran.
Tartamayaasha Finnishka ayaa guulo la taaban karo ka gaaray isboortiga . Tartanka isu soo baxa aduunka , Finland waxa uu soo saaray sideed ciyaartoy oo aduunka ah , waana in ka badan wadamada kale. In Formula One, Finland has won the most world championships per capita, with Keke Rosberg, Mika Häkkinen and Kimi Räikkönen all having won the title. Qaar ka mid ah ciyaaraha madadaalada ee ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah socodka Waqooyiga Yurub , orodka, baaskiil wadida iyo barafka. Kubadda sagxaddu waa ciyaarta dhalinyarada iyo ciyaaraha ugu caansan ee goobta shaqada.

==Xubin==
[[Qaramada Midoobay]]
* [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/1990-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Finland/ Finland]

==Waddanamha degaan finland==
* {{Flag|Denmark}} 20,000+

* {{Flag|Finland}} 30,000+
* {{Flag|Norway}} 20,000+

* [[Iceland]] 10,000+

=== Magaaloyinka waaweyn ===
[[File:Finland-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|150px|Magaalo]]
* [[Helsinki]] 1 562 570 + [[Espoo]] 232 634 + [[Vantaa]] 189 442 = &quot;Metro-Helsinki&quot;, waa sedex magaalo oo deris ah waxaana ku nool dad dhan ilaa iyo 2 (labo) malyan.
* [[Tampere]] 206 171
* [[Turku]] 174 906
* [[Oulu]] 130 105
* [[Lahti]] 100 049
* [[Kuopio]] 90 812
* [[Jyväskylä]] 84 482
* [[Rovaniemi]] 57 835
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Koli hill view.jpg|Bedka Finland ey ku fadhiso 68 % waa hawd ama duur 10 % biyo 6 % waa dhul labeerto (Koli national park).
Image:LutheranCathedral-ofHelsinki.jpg|Helsinki kathedral
Image:Syksyinen Kaisaniemen koripallokenttä.jpg|Basketball field, Helsinki
Image:Katuma.jpg|Katumalake, Hämeenlinna
Image:Kontulan liikuntapuisto2, Helsinki.JPG
Image:Kotikonnuntie, Kontula, Helsinki.JPG|Kontula, Helsinki
Image:Kontulan ostari.jpg|Kontula, Helsinki
&lt;/gallery&gt;

* [[Veli Paloheimo]]


&lt;references /&gt;

{{Commons|Category:Finland}}

{{Dalalka Yurub}}
==Tixraacyo==
[https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html Aqoonsiga Midowga Soofiyeeti ee Ruushka oo aqoonsaday madaxbanaanida Finland Dec. 1917 - Jan. 1918] {{Wayback|url=https://histdoc.net/history/itsen2.html |date=20240222192345 }}

[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april &quot;Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025&quot;]

[https://www.travelandleisure.com/best-places-to-visit-in-finland-8402256 &quot;15 meelood ee ugu wanaagsan ee lagu booqdo Finland, Laga soo bilaabo Caasimada Sauna ee Adduunka ilaa Tuulada Santa Claus&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20071123072314/http://www.geocities.com/ojoronen/EARLYFIN.HTM Taariikhda Finland iyo dadka Finnishka laga bilaabo da'da dhagax ilaa WWII]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=EL4lEAAAQBAJ Luuqadaha Iskandaneefiyanka: Todobada Walaalaha ee Waqooyiga]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20230326033832/https://www.maailmanmuisti.fi/index.php?page=archives-of-the-royal-academy-of-turku-and-the-imperial-alexander-university &quot;Arkiifiyada Royal Academy of Turku iyo Imperial Alexander University&quot;]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=FkYHEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT144 Naqshadeynta Gobol-goboleedyada ee Da'da Caalamiga ah: Meelaha ugu sarreeya iyo Dooxooyinka Dunida Flat]

[https://www.verkkouutiset.fi/sdpn-puheenjohtaja-halusi-punadiktaattoriksi-mutta-kuoli-stalinin-vankileirilla-69089/#cd1f8043 &quot;SDP:n puheenjohtaja halusi punadiktaattoriksi, mutta kuoli Stalinin vankileirillä&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.verkkouutiset.fi/sdpn-puheenjohtaja-halusi-punadiktaattoriksi-mutta-kuoli-stalinin-vankileirilla-69089/#cd1f8043 |date=20211128041947 }}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20150607035630/http://tampub.uta.fi/handle/10024/80491 &quot;Dagaalka Mise Nabada Finland? Daraasadda Kiiska Dhabta ah ee Neoclassical ee Siyaasadda Dibadda ee Finland ee macnaha guud ee faragelinta Bolshevik ee Ruushka 1918-1920&quot;]

[http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/helmikuu_en.html &quot;Laga soo bilaabo beero-slash-iyo-gubi ilaa bulshada warshadaha kadib-90 sano oo isbeddel ah oo ku yimid qaab-dhismeedka warshadaha&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/helmikuu_en.html |date=20120120050148 }}

[https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/04/28/nato-chief-says-finland-and-sweden-could-join-quickly-as-both-warm-to-membership &quot;Madaxa NATO ayaa sheegay in Finland iyo Sweden ay si degdeg ah ugu biiri karaan]

[https://yle.fi/news/3-12449487 &quot;Baarlamaanka Finland ayaa cod taariikhi ah ku ansixiyay codsiga Nato&quot;]

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 &quot;Beddelka anthropogenic ee kaymaha macneheedu waa 40% kaliya ee kaymaha soo hadhay waxay leeyihiin hufnaan deegaaneed sare - Qalabka Dheeriga ah&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110807084712/http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/ajankohtaista/tiedotteet/tiedote/fi.jsp?oid=274585 &quot;Valtioneuvosto päätti Uudenmaan ja Itä-Uudenmaan maakuntien yhdistämisestä&quot;]

[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/3/3e/Intentional_homicides%2C_2016_%28police-recorded_offences_per_100_000_inhabitants%29.png &quot;File:Intentional homicides, 2016 (police-recorded offences per 100 000 inhabitants).png&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20160803161737/https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/lakiensaataminen/valiokunnat/ulkoasiainvaliokunta/Documents/HNS_MOU_FINLAND.pdf Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Inta u dhaxaysa Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Finland iyo Xarunta Dhexe, Taliyaha Sare ee Isbahaysiga Isbeddelka iyo sidoo kale Xarunta Sare ee Isbahaysiga Awoodaha Yurub ee ku saabsan Bixinta Taageerada Martigelinta Qaranka ee fulinta NATO: Hawlgallada / Layliga / Dhaqdhaqaaqyada Milatari ee la midka ah]

[https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2023/12/finland-invites-american-troops-far-northern-bases &quot;Heshiiska cusub ee difaaca: Finland waxay ku casuuntay ciidamada Maraykanka saldhigyada Lapland&quot;]

[https://www.norden.org/en/info-norden/swedish-language-courses-foreigners-aland &quot;Koorsooyinka luqadda iswidishka ee ajaanibka Åland | iskaashiga Waqooyiga Yurub&quot;]

[https://finlandtoday.fi/finland-places-among-the-top-four-english-speaking-countries-in-the-world/ &quot;Meelaha Finland ee ka mid ah afarta waddan ee ugu sarreeya Ingiriisiga ku hadla adduunka&quot;]

[https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finland_ranks_sixth_in_english_skills_early_instruction_crucial/10071036 &quot;Finland waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta lixaad ee xirfadaha Ingiriisiga, waxbaridda hore waa muhiim&quot;]

[https://yle.fi/a/3-1136695 &quot;Helsingi waxay horseedday isbeddel ku aaddan baabtiiska la dhaafo&quot;]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20091011194752/http://www.research.fi/en/performance/patents/patents_with%20numbers &quot;Shatiyada leh nambarada - Adeegga macluumaadka sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada Finland&quot;]

[https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000006170555.html &quot;Suomalainen musiikki jyrää, mutta mihin katosivat kotimaiset bändit? Toni Wirtanen lataa tiskiin rajun näkemyksen: 'Pienen porukan varassa ollaan']

[https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2016/12/10/ylexn-100-suurta-suomalaista-konemusiikkibiisia-listaus-on-nyt-valmis-kolmen &quot;YleX: n 100 tirada suomalaista konemusiikkibiisiä -listaus on nyt valmis – kolmen kärkeen Darude, Bomfunk MC's ja Slusnik Luna&quot;]

[https://www.fiba.basketball/basketballworldcup/2014/news/Fan-power-Finn-power-The-tournament--begins--on-win &quot;Awood taageere! Finn Power! Tartanku &quot;wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa&quot; qoraal guul ah oo loogu talagalay kooxda Dettman&quot;]

[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-20/beijing-winter-olympics-finald-beats-roc-ice-hockey-final/100846726 &quot;Finland ayaa ku guuleysatey bilad dahab ah oo taariikhi ah ciyaaraha Olombikada xilliga qaboobaha ka dib markii ay 2-1 ku garaaceen kooxda ROC finalka Beijing]

[https://eurovisionworld.com/eurovision/2023 &quot;Natiijooyinka Eurovision 2023: Codbixinta &amp; Dhibcaha&quot;]

[https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000006170555.html &quot;Suomalainen musiikki jyrää, mutta mihin katosivat kotimaiset bändit? Toni Wirtanen lataa tiskiin rajun näkemyksen: 'Pienen porukan varassa ollaan']

[https://musicfinland.com/en/news/kaija-saariaho-voted-greatest-living-composer-by-bbc-music-magazine &quot;Kaija Saariaho ayaa u codaysay laxanka ugu wanagsan ee BBC Music Magazine&quot;]

[http://countrystudies.us/finland/15.htm Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Finland, Qaybta Cilmi-baarista Federaalka ee Maktabada Congress-ka]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jaamacada Carabta</title>
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      <text bytes="134054" sha1="onn9074ffw18b9z6zhsf1799za8yim5" xml:space="preserve">{{Dalalka                        
|native_name                   = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta&lt;Br/&gt;'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' 
|conventional_long_name        = Arabic Language States’&lt;/&gt;.:
|common_name                   = Arabic Language States:.
Midowga Ummadda Carabta:
|qaaradda                      = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &amp;[[]] 
|sawir_calan                   = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg
|sawir_qaran                   = Emblem of the Arab League.svg
|image_map                     = 
|astaan_calan                  = Arab League States'&quot; (orthographic projection).svg
|image_map                     = League of Arab States.png
File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png
|caasimadda                    = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &amp;[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’
|luuqadaha                     = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &amp;[[Turki]]; &amp; [[Af-Urdu]]; &amp; [[Af-Faarisi]].::•
|-
|caasimada                     = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &amp; [[Dooxa]].:•!!
|-
|GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’
(€29,357’ trillions)
* ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]])
|GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.)
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’
|GDP_nominal = &quot;$23.957&quot;-$19.453’ Trillions’
|GDP_nominal_year = 2025
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’
|Gini_year = 
|Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref =          
|Dawladda                      = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]]
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye1             = 
[[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]]
|magac_hogaamiye1          =
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye2             = 
[[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]:
[[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: 
|magac_hogaamiye2            =
DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* 
|MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_*
|MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* 
|-  
|darajo_hogaamiye3         =  [[Gudoomiye]]:
[[Ciraaq]]:-)
|magac_hogaamiye3             =
(fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._*
MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._*
|-
|darajo_hogaamiye4             =  [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]:
[[Aljeeriya]]:-)
[[Marooko]]:-)

|magac_hogaamiye4             = 
MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* 
MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_*
|-
|sovereignty_type            = 
'''Ka xoroobey''':
|sovereignty_note            = 
|[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''':

 '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' &amp;
'''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~`
|-
|established_event1            = 
|established_date1             =
|area                          = 13,953,041`*
|areami²                       = 5,382,910`*
|biyo                          = 
|population_estimate           =455-425*Million&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|population_estimate_year      = 2022-2025*
|lacagta                       =  
|Magaca internetka             = &amp;nbsp;
|wakhti                        = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]]
|furaha_debedda		           = 
|furaha internetka             = Ir,Is,&amp; tr.!!'?
|furaha telefonka              = +
}}

&lt;ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

'''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo  [[Aasiya]]  xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan
Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya.

Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka.

Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, &amp; Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, &amp; Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn.

Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in &quot;Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.&quot;.
Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya).
Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. 
[[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages.

Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. 

Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan.
Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC).

Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!!

Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'?

Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953.

Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal .

[[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]]

[[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]]
[[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]]
[[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]]

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Disambiguate RTL.svg The term &quot;Arab&quot; redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) .
Arab Muslims
Arabs &amp; Muslims
Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First
Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First
population
425 million
Main population concentrations
Arab countries
some of the African
countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]]
Languages:
Arabic:
religion:
Islam:
Christianity:
Druze religion:
related ethnic groups:
Celestial peoples:
[[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’

Distribution of the Arabic language :
  A single official language.!!
  official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!!
  Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons.
Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called &quot; Arab countries &quot;. Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ).

The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are:

Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries).
Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. 

This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language.
Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula .

Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others.

The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1]

etymology:
The word &quot;Arab&quot; in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the &quot; Arab rain &quot; that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, &quot;the kings of the evening&quot; are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word &quot;Arab&quot; also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe .

In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ]

In the Qur'an the word &quot;Arab&quot; does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as &quot;Arab and clear&quot; when the two attributes are related to each other.

history:
This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page .
BC

The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat &quot;Gindibu, King of Arabia&quot; riding a camel and his soldiers
The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named &quot; Gindibu , King of Arabia&quot; among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen .

There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there.

The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:•

After counting:
As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture .

Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’

The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: &quot;The Age of Ignorance&quot;, or the &quot;Jahiliyyah&quot; . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan .

When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs).

After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine &quot;doe&quot;) in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The &quot;religion of truth&quot; to control the other nations.

The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. 

The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction.

After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . 

Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as &quot;Arabs&quot; as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'!

see also
Islam:
Judaism-Islam relations;
Israeli Arabs:
for further reading:
Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995.
Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996.
Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive
Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia.
Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’…


&lt;Ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women&gt;/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&gt;.:

“… Le saviez-vous ?
Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..”

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

December 25, 2017
Special Dispatch No. 7246
     
Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them.
Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders.


Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017

 
Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights.

Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title &quot;It Is Not a Conspiracy&quot;: &quot;The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact?

&quot;Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests.

&quot;Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds.

&quot;The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum?

&quot;Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous.

&quot;In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking.&quot;[1]


Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds?

Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: &quot;The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology...

&quot;Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?!

&quot;The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?...

&quot;As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?...

&quot;Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause].

&quot;The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime...&quot;[3]

 
Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved

Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: &quot;The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect...

&quot;Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency.

&quot;While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream...

&quot;ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech...

&quot;The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state.&quot;[6]

 &lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

[1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017.
[2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps.

[3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.

[4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini.

[5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s.

[6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized&lt;/Ref&gt;.::•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/&lt;/Ref&gt;.::•

==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”==

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! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate
|-
|01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]&lt;s&gt;||93.5&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||93.4&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]]                      ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Jabaan]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Qatar]]&lt;s&gt;                         ||93.6&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.191&quot;&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]&lt;/Ref&gt;.
|-
|08&quot;'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]]                      ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|09'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||91.8&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|10&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Urdun]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Ciraaq]]&lt;!&gt;                   ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[SADR]]&lt;s's!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|12&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]]                          ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-

|13.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Maldives]]&lt;S'!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|14.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Marooko]]&lt;!'&gt;                ||75.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.

|-
|15.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]&lt;s&gt;                ||78.98&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;
|-
|16.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]&lt;'!&gt;[[Libiya]]&lt;!'&gt;                  ||89.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]&lt;!&gt;                       ||89.95&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|19.'&quot;||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]&lt;S!&gt;[[Falastiin]]&lt;s'!&gt;
||69.3&lt;REF name=&quot;p.189&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|20.'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Koonfur Suudaan]]&lt;s'?&gt;     ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;
|-
|21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Suudaan]]&lt;!'&gt;             ||69.39&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.

|-
|23.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;

|-
|24.&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Barunay]]&lt;s'&gt;                   ||75.39&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|25.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-

|26.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Romania]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|28.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Injamiina]]&lt;s'!&gt;||69.5&lt;Ref name=p.194/&gt;.:
|-
|29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Fiktoria]]&lt;s!'&gt;
||67.57&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.:
|-
&lt;S'!&gt;[[MILITARY Of '&quot;United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'&amp; NZL; &amp; Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;&amp; Français; Mexico;&amp; Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! &amp; Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]&lt;S'!&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.!'!
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&amp;filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&amp;filter-brand-country=&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;ReF&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa&lt;/ReF&gt;.:

===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”===
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate
|-
|01.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]&lt;s&gt;             ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|02.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]&lt;s&gt;||93.5&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|03.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||93.4&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|04.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]]                      ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
190/&gt;.
|-
|05.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Kuuriya]]&lt;s!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|06.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]&lt;!!&gt;[[Qatar]]&lt;s&gt;                         ||93.6&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.191&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|08.&quot;'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]]                      ||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|09.'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]&lt;s&gt;                       ||91.8&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|10.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]&lt;!'&gt;[[Urdun]]&lt;'!&gt;                        ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Ciraaq]]&lt;!&gt;                   ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|11.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]&lt;!?&gt;[[SADR]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|12.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]]                          ||93.4&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|13.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Marooko]]&lt;!'&gt;                ||75.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.
|-
|14.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]&lt;s&gt;                ||78.98&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;  
|-
|15.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]&lt;'!&gt;[[Libiya]]&lt;!'&gt;                  ||89.4&lt;Ref name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]&lt;!&gt;                       ||89.95&lt;Ref name=&quot;p.192&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|18.'.&quot;'&quot;||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Falastiin]]&lt;!'&gt;
||69.3&lt;REF name=&quot;p.189&quot;/&gt;.
|-
|19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;!&gt;[[Suudaan]]&lt;!'&gt;             ||69.39&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|20.'&quot;.||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Koonfur Suudaan]]&lt;'!&gt;     ||89.8&lt;Ref name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|21.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]&lt;!?&gt;[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]&lt;!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;
|-
|23..&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Barunay]]&lt;s'!&gt;                   ||75.39&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.
|-
|24..&quot;.||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|25.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Komoros]]&lt;s!&gt;             ||67.23&lt;REF name=p.193/&gt;.:
|-
|26.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Injamiina]]&lt;s'!&gt;||69.5&lt;Ref name=p.194/&gt;.:
|-
|28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Fiktoria]]&lt;s!'&gt;
||67.57&lt;REF name=p.192/&gt;.:
|-
|29..&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]&lt;s!'?&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
|30.&quot;.||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]&lt;S&gt;[[Somalie.!'?]]&lt;s'!&gt;||89.5&lt;Ref name=p.191/&gt;.
|-
|31.&quot;_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]&lt;S'&gt;[[Jabuuty.!'!]]&lt;s'&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|-
[[MILITARY Of '&quot;United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'&amp; NZL; &amp; Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;&amp; Français; Mexico;&amp; Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! &amp; Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]&lt;S'!&gt;
||78.69&lt;REF name=p.190/&gt;.
|
|}
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&amp;filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&amp;filter-brand-country=&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

[&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;].

&lt;Ref&gt;https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php &lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

[&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/&lt;/Ref&gt;].

&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/Ref&gt;.  [&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;].
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://livingcost.org/cost&lt;/Ref&gt;]
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country &lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•&lt;!!'?&gt;.:•
|_
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|}

|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;].
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php &lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/Ref&gt;.  [&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;].
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://livingcost.org/cost&lt;/Ref&gt;]
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•&lt;!!'?&gt;.:•
|_
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
[&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/&lt;/Ref&gt;].
&lt;Ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country &lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•
|-
|}

==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;traditional&quot; caption=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt; 

File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.
File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.`
File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.`
File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.`
File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}.
File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}.

File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.`
File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}.

File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}
File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}.
File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}.
File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}.
File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}.
File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`

File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`

File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!`
File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`?

File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`?


File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}.
File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`?
&lt;Ref&gt;https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/&lt;/Ref&gt;.!!`?

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
!!`?`!!`?'?!'
&lt;/gallery&gt; 

[[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]&lt;Br/&gt;[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`?
Comoros}}.!!`?
Carabiya]].]] 


[[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: &quot;as&quot; King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] 


[[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: &quot;as&quot; President  of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] 


[[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]]


&lt;Ref&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.::.::
[[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.:

[[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR&quot;China.:

[[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’

[[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.&amp; P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&amp;_.Philistianian Police Guard]]

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854&lt;/Ref&gt;

[[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]]
[[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~`

&lt;Ref&gt;
{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }}
&lt;/Ref&gt;.::.

After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! …

https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.:

[[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.:

From Britannica  and Wikipedia and &quot;World&quot;  Libraries.!!`

[[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] .

According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino .


Content
1	The Arab world.
2	Religion.
2.1	Ancient times.
3	The Arabic language's.
4	History and civilization.
5	Arab events.
6	Ottoman decline:
7	The question of Palestine:
8	Arab relations with Arab Jews:

The [[Arab world]]:

The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? 


The Arab countries are:  [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't &quot;ALLOW&quot; to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]];  &quot;Economically&quot;; and &quot;Gegraphically&quot;; &amp; &quot;Politically&quot;..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In &quot;African Continent&quot; NOT &quot;ASIAN&quot;.• .!!`?'!.!

In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]].

Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'?

One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::.

==Religion and Science.!!'?== 
The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories .

Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]].

Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain .

==Ancient times.!!'== 
Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion.

==The Arabic languages.!!'==
Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic
Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 &amp; 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’?

“…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……”


There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and  3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’
Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’

“….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’

Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:•

==History and Civilization.!!'==
The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae .

Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?'

==Arabic performances.!!'==
Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s.

Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called &quot;Arabic numbers&quot; because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics &quot;algebra&quot; is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word &quot;Al-Dzabr&quot;.

==Ottoman &quot;Turks&quot; decline and &quot; “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise&quot;.!!'==
At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s,  and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!!

Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European  Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’

==The question of Palestin.!!'?== 

Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region.

==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'==

After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land.

Categories :

==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?==
At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them.

Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!`

&lt;Ref&gt;https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

==Warka==

December 25, 2017
Special Dispatch No. 7246
     
[[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them.
Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders.


Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017

 
Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights

Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title &quot;It Is Not a Conspiracy&quot;: &quot;The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact?

&quot;Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests.

&quot;Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds.

&quot;The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum?

&quot;Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous.

&quot;In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking.&quot;[1]

 
Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds?

Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: &quot;The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology...

&quot;Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?!

&quot;The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?...

&quot;As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?...

&quot;Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause].

&quot;The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime...&quot;[3]

 
Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved

Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: &quot;The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect...

&quot;Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency.

&quot;While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream...

&quot;ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech...

&quot;The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state.&quot;[6]

 
[1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017.

[2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps.

[3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.

[4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini.

[5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s.

[6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017.
===BIODIVERSITY===
I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

FACT No. [#01.]

Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No. [#02.]

Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No. [#03.]

Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No.[#04.]

Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No. [#05.]

Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?'

FACT No. 6.

Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?'

FACT No. 7.

Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'?

FACT No.[#08.]

Not all Jews are Israelis.!'?

FACT No.[#09.]

Not all Israelis are Jews.!'?

FACT No.[#10.]

Not all Jews are white.!'?

FACT No. [#11.]

Not all Israelis are white.!'?

FACT No. [#12.]

Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'?

FACT No. 13.

Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'?

FACT No. 14.

Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'?

FACT No. 15.

Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'?

FACT No. 16.

Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'?

FACT No. 17.

[[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'?

FACT No. 18.

Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'?

FACT No. 19.

Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'?

FACT No. 20.

[Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'?

FACT No. 21.

Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'?

FACT No. 22.

Your passport is not your political beliefs.

FACT No. 23.

Your government is not your morality.!'?

FACT No. 24.

Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'?

FACT No. 25.

Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'?

FACT No. 26.

Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government.

FACT No. 27.

Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people.

FACT No. 28.

Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'?

FACT No. 29.

US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020).

FACT No. 30.

Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with.

FACT No. 31.

Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with.

FACT No. 32.

What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them.

FACT No. 33.

What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'?

FACT No. 34.

You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'?

FACT No. 35.

You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'?

FACT No. 36.

People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '?

FACT No. 37.

No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley).

FACT No. [#38.]

Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?...

FACT No. 39.

Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking &quot;IMPERIAL SHIT&quot; There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'?

FACT No. 40.

Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies.

FACT No. 41.

Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial.

FACT No. 42.

Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'?

FACT No. 43.

You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'..

FACT No. 44.

You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones.

FACT No. 45.

The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'?

FACT No. 46.

If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews.

FACT No. 47.

If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs.

FACT No. 48.

If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?...

FACT No. 49.

Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″  56'&quot;-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'?

FACT No. 50.

Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?'

Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'?

The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/&lt;/&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts&lt;/Ref&gt;.:


5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)!

Waleed Gohar
Waleed Gohar
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3 min read
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Jun 22, 2020

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Introduction:
Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location.
Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine.
Is 3G available in Palestine?
The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this?
Facts About Palestine (3G Network)
This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly.
There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain.
The Economy of Palestine:
Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true?
To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people.
Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan.
And what is textile is to Pakistan?
60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment!
The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries.
The National Animal of Palestine:
Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians.
Facts About Palestine (Gazelle)
Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash
These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle.
The National Flower of Palestine:
Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria.
The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy.
One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same?
Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing.
The Siege in Gaza:
In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing.
The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited.
Conclusion:
The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense.
Thank You very much for staying with me till the end!


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&quot;Jabaan&quot; likely refers to the word for &quot;Japan&quot; in the language of the user, which in this case is probably &quot;Swahili&quot; or &quot;Somali&quot;, as it is a transliteration of the word &quot;Japan&quot; in these languages. 
Here's a breakdown: 
&quot;Jabaan&quot; is a transliteration of &quot;Japan&quot; in Swahili and Somali:
The word &quot;Jabaan&quot; is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali.
Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa:
Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!!

==Sido kale fiiri==

* [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]]

* [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]]

* [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]]

* https://livingcost.org/

==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa==

BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23
EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa
Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. 

—


===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!===

[#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’

Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. 

[#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?…

In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. 

Your Contribution Makes a Difference
Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions.
DONATE TODAY…!!’?’

 endangered species africa 
[#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’..

There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime.

[#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’…

This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. 

 endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R.

[#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’?

Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal.

You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing?

[#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’…

There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/&lt;/Ref&gt;.::

endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’
[#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ 

The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. 

[#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’

The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild.

[#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’

Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful.

[#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’

This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. 

Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!!

알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다(&quot;..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..&quot;) [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 &quot;..[[미국인]]..!!..&quot;과 &quot;...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'&quot; 가치관을...!!'?'...
aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida(&quot;..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..&quot;) [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae &quot;..[[migug-in]]..!!..&quot;gwa &quot;...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'&quot; gachigwan-eul...!!'?'...

==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== 

By H. Nimmo.
Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks.  Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them.

=10,441 &quot;African Safaris&quot;=


[#01.]Ethiopian’s..!..
Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’…

The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s  It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs.

Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia

 
 [#02.]Pangolin
Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’

The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are.

Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa

 
 [#03.] Black Rhino
Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’….

Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front.  Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts.

Best places to see black rhino:

Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania
Etosha National Park, Namibia
Damaraland, Namibia
Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe
 

 [#04.] White Rhino
White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…

It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing.

Best places to see white rhino:

Kruger National Park, South Africa
uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa
Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa
Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa
 

 [#05.]Mountain Gorilla
Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’…

Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!!
Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda

 
 [#06.]African Wild Dog?
African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’

Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. 

Best places to see African wild dog:

Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe
Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa
Linyanti Concession, Botswana
Selinda Concession, Botswana
 

 [#07.] African Penguin
African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’

For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call.

Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa

 
 [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe
Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!…

The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees.

Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes:

Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda
Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda
Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda
 

 [#09.] Hooded Vulture
Hooded vulture..!!’?’

Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill.

Best places to see hooded vultures:

Moremi National Park, Botswana
Kruger National Park, South Africa
Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
 

 [#10.] Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee…!!’?’

When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’?

Best places to see chimpanzees:

Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania
Kibale National Park, Uganda
 

Want To Go on an African Safari?
Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators.

10,441 African Safaris

*&lt;ref&gt;https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/&lt;/ref&gt;.

* &lt;ref&gt;https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/&lt;/ref&gt;.


* https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540

* https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ 
* https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8

* https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette

* https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries//

* https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php&lt;/Ref&gt;

&lt;Ref&gt;https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

* https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html

* https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world&lt;/Ref&gt;.


&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world&lt;/Ref&gt;.

* https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }}


* https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html


*https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world

&lt;Ref&gt;https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries&lt;/Ref&gt;.

* https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/

*&lt;ref&gt;https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/&lt;/ref&gt;

*&lt;ref&gt;https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/&lt;/ref&gt;.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.xe.com/popularity.php&lt;/Ref&gt;.:•

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml&lt;/Ref&gt;.:

*&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.&lt;/ref&gt;.

&lt;Ref&gt;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year&lt;/ref&gt;.:

 
* https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} 
* https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


* https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized
{{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}

* https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel

* https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.:

{{Wayback|url=
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }}

* https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }}

* https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/


* https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 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  <page>
    <title>Allaybaday</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>299051</id>
      <parentid>282354</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:22:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>شيخ عبد الرحمن</username>
        <id>44350</id>
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      <comment>/* */ wax ku darid</comment>
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      <text bytes="6603" sha1="du2ytbzk8zpl1qsq20awdh79cpm07x5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Allaybaday
| native_name        = 
| settlement_type    = Magaalo
| image_skyline      = 
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = 
| subdivision_type   = [[Dalalka|Wadanka]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Somaliland}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Maroodi Jeex]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Degmada Gabiley]]
| established_title  = la aasaasay
| established_date   = 
| population_total   = 
| area_total_km2     = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone           = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset         = +3
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code          = +252
| coordinates        = {{coord|9|23|13|N|43|31|03|E|scale:100000_region:SO-WG|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map        = Marodi Jeh
| pushpin_label_position = Bottom
| elevation_m        = 1,125
}}
'''Allaybaday''' waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] ee [[Somaliland]], oo ku taal xuduudka [[Itoobiya]]. Waxa degan Abdalla Abokor, Sacad Muuse laantiisa Habar Awal iyo Faarax Nuur laantiisa Reer Nuur.

Degmada Allaybaday waxaa ku nool 120,000 (2022) 
Sida ku cad qoraal ay dawladda [[Somaliland]] soo saartay sannadkii 2002-dii, Allaybaday waa degmada 9-aad ee ugu muhiimsan gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]], iyadoo loo kala saaray D.
==Beeraha==
Degmada Allaybaday ayaa waxaa laga soo saaraa tamaandho yaanyo iyo basasha ah bil walba xilliyada roobabka
==Taariikhda dhow==
Horaantii sannadkii 1979-kii, laba dagaalyahan oo ka tirsan Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed (WSLF) ayaa gabadh ku kufsaday inta u dhaxaysa Tog Wajaale iyo Allaybaday, ka dibna walaalkeed oo dhawr iyo toban jir ah ayaa toogtay dagaalyahannadaas. Taliyahii WSLF ayaa dabadeed dilay walaalkii iyo qoyskiisa. Tani waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dagaaladii u dhexeeyay WSLF iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed.  93 
1987kii, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka fallaagoobay Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya. Waqtigaan waxaa Waqooyi Galbeed Soomaaliya ku sugnaa 7-askari oo ka tirsan ciidamada Milatariga Soomaaliya oo ay ka mid tahay Allaybaday. 
Bishii Janaayo 1988dii, ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya qeybta 12-aad ayaa Allaybaday ku toogtay illaa 20 qof oo rayid ah. Arintaan ayaa lagu tiriyaa inay ka mid tahay tacadiyada ay ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya u gaysteen Isaaqa . 
===Kadib Ku Dhawaaqii Madaxbanaanida Somaliland===
Bishii Jannaayo 2004, ka dib wadahadal dhexmaray UNICEF iyo maamulka deegaanka, xarunta hooyada iyo dhallaanka (MCH) ayaa dib uga hawlgashey Allaybaday. 
Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay hay’adda Interpeace soo saartay sannadkii 2006-dii , dhul-beereedkii fadhi-ku-dirirka ahaa iyo dhul-daaqsimeedka ee deegaanka Allaybaday ayaa kordhiyey colaadda, taas oo keentay in deegaanka Allaybaday ee dhinaca Itoobiya iskahorimaadku ka dhaco. 8 
Bishii February 2006, Wasiirka Deegaanka Somaliland waxa uu sheegay in Ajaanib ay soo kiraysteen Ganacsato reer Gabiley ah ay burburinayaan kaymo ku dhow degmada Allaybaday.  31 

ishii Abriil 2007, daadad xooggan oo ka dhacay Allaybaday ayaa burburiyay 87 ka mid ah 105 biyo-xireenno . 
Bishii Oktoobar 2008, dab ayaa ka kacay kaalin shidaal oo ku taal Allaybaday, waxaana ku dhintay 10 bakhaar. 
Bishii December 2013, Madaxweynaha Somaliland ayaa booqasho ku tagay degmada Allaybaday, waxaanu dhagax dhigay waddo isku xidhi doonta Allaybaday iyo Hargeysa .
Bishii April 2014, Badhasaabkii Degmada Allaybaday Keyse Maxamed Ibraahim (Keyse Meegaar) ayaa booqasho ku tagay Gabiley si uu u sii daayo dadka reer Allaybaday ee la xidhay. 
May 7, 2015, Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Somaliland ayaa Maxamed Xasan Shiil u magacaabay duqa magaalada Allaybaday. 
Bishii July 2015, ayaa madax-dhaqameedka Allaybaday shir jaraa’id ku qabteen Hargeysa, waxay beeniyeen inuu jiro hoggaan cusub oo ay beeshu dooratay. 
Bishii March 2016, dawladda Somaliland waxay gaadhsiisay deegaanka Allaybaday gargaar biyo iyo cunto ah oo ceelkii ciladoobay. 
Bishii Sebtembar 2017, waxa Allaybaday booqday murashaxa madaxweyne Muuse Biixi Cabdi . 
Bishii Disembar 2019, laba qof oo rayid ah ayay askar booliisku ku dileen Allaybaday.
Bishii Febraayo 2021, waxaa la furay wadadii ugu horeysay ee laami ah oo laga dhiso Allaybaday.
==Sidoo kale eeg==
[[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland]]

[[Gobolada Somaliland]]

[[Degmooyinka Somaliland]]
==Tixraac==
[https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-concern-over-deteriorating-food-security-somaliland &quot;SOOMAALIYA: Walaac ku saabsan haqab-beelka cuntada ee Somaliland - Soomaaliya&quot;]

[https://wargeyskadawan.com/2015/07/09/madaxdhaqameedka-allaybaday-oo-beeniyey-nin-ugaasnimo-sheegtay-beeshooda/ &quot;Madaxda Allaybaday oo Beeniyey Nin Ugaasnimo Sheegtay Beeshooda&quot;]

[https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/submitted_files/1566803014.pdf &quot;Qiimaynta Qiimaynta Kaabayaasha Kaabayaasha Magaalooyinka iyo Maamulka Maareynta ee Adeegga Biyaha Magaalooyinka: Somaliland&quot;]

[https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/submitted_files/1566803014.pdf &quot;Qiimaynta Qiimaynta Kaabayaasha Kaabayaasha Magaalooyinka iyo Maamulka Maareynta ee Adeegga Biyaha Magaalooyinka: Somaliland&quot;]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=RcVFXUwraxsC Maalmo Xun: Soddon Sano Oo Dagaal Iyo Macaluul Ka Dhacay Itoobiya]

[https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=12531 &quot;GUDOOMIYAHA DEGNADA ALLAY BADAY OO EEDAYN USOO JEEDIYEY XEER ILAALINTA GOBOLKA GABILAY IYO KHILAAF HOR LEH OO KA DHASHAY&quot;]

[https://www.qurbejoog.com/wasiir-waran-cadde-oo-maanta-guddoomiye-cusub-u-magacaabay-degmada-allaybaday/ &quot;Wasiir Waran-cadde Oo Maanta Guddoomiye Cusub u Magacaabay Degmada Allaybaday&quot;]

[https://berberatoday.com/2017/09/08/muuse-biixi-oo-soo-dhaweyn-ballaadhan-kala-kulmay-shacabka-allay-baday-deegaannada-idhanka-iyo-geed-ballaadh/ &quot;MUUSE BIIXI OO SOO DHAWEYN BALLAADHAN KALA KULMAY SHACABKA ALLAY-BADAY, DEEGAANKA IDHANKA IYO GEED-BALLAADH&quot;]

[https://berberatoday.com/2019/12/20/daawo-muuqalkaugaas-cabdirasaaq-koosar-oo-ka-hadlay-dad-ciimada-liyuu-boolisku-ku-laayeen-magaalada-allaybaday/ &quot;DAAWO MUUQALKA&quot;UGAAS CABDIRASAAQ KOOSAR OO KA HADLAY DAD CIIMADA LIYUU BOOLISKU KU LAAYEEN MAGAALADA ALLAYBADAY&quot;] 

[https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=128143 &quot;DAAWO;-MAAMULKA GOBOLKA GABILEY OO XADHIGA KA JARAY WADO LAAMI AH OO DAWLADA HOOSE EE GABILEY KA HIRGALISAY ALLAYBADAY&quot;]

[https://somalilandpost.net/daawomadaxweyne-siilaanyo-oo-dhagax-dhigay-dhismaha-cusub-oo-isku-xidhaysa-magaalada-hargeisa-iyo-degmada-alleybaday/ &quot;DAAWO:Madaxweyne Siilaanyo oo Dhagax-dhigay Dhismaha Cusub oo Isku Xidhay Magaalada Hargeysa iyo Degmada Alleybaday&quot;]</text>
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    <title>Template:Official website</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Phoenix, Arizona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-25T06:21:32Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan caasimada Fiiniks, Arizona ee dalka Maraykanka.
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Phoenix, Arizona
|official_name            = Caasimada Fiiniks
|settlement_type          = [[Caasimad|Magaalo-madaxda Gobolka]]
|nickname                 = &quot;Dooxadii Qoraxda&quot;, &quot;Doox&quot;
|image_skyline            = PhoenixMontage02.jpg{{!}}border
|imagesize                = 300px
|image_caption            = Kor, bidix ilaa midig: [[Beer|Beerta Papago Park]] wakhti qorax dhac ah, St. Mary's Basilica (Phoenix), [[Fiiniks, Arisona|Farasmagaalka Phoenix]], Dhismayaasha dhaadheer ee Phoenix wakhti habeen ah, [[Saynis|Xarunta Sayniska Arizona]], Aqalka Rosson, [[Tareen|Tareenka fudud ee Metro Light Rail]], [[Geed|geedka Tiinka saguaro]], iyo [[Buur|buurta McDowell Mountains]]
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
|image_map                = Maricopa_County_Incorporated_and_Planning_areas_Phoenix_highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Meesha kaga yaalo [[Degmo|Degmada Maricopa County]] iyo gobolka [[Arizona]]
|image_map1               =
|mapsize1                 =
|map_caption1             =
|pushpin_map              = USA
|pushpin_map_caption      = Meesha kaga taalo wadanka Maraykanka
|latd= 33|latm= 27|latNS=N
|longd= 112|longm= 04|longEW=W
|coordinates_region       = US-AZ
|coordinates_display      = y
|coordinates_footnotes    =
|subdivision_type         = Wadanka
|subdivision_name         = [[Maraykanka]]
|subdivision_type1        = [[Gobol]]ka
|subdivision_name1        = [[Arizona]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Fiiniks, Arisona|Maricopa]]
|established_title           = La degay
|established_date          = 1867
|established_title1         = [[Dowlad|Dowlad Hoose]]
|established_date1        = Febraayo 5, 1881
|government_type         = Maamulka Golaha
|governing_body           = [[Deegaan|Golaha Caasimada Fiiniks]]
|leader_title                   = Duqa-magaalada
|leader_name                = Greg Stanton
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_magnitude    = 
|area_footnotes      =
|total_type              = City
|area_total_sq_mi    = 517.948
|area_total_km2      = 1341.48
|area_land_sq_mi    = 516.704
|area_land_km2      = 1338.26
|area_water_sq_mi  = 1.244
|area_metro_sq_mi = 14565.76
|elevation_footnotes  = &lt;ref&gt;Cite GNIS|44784|Feature Detail Report for: Phoenix&lt;/ref&gt;
|elevation_ft               = 1086
|elevation_m              = 331
|population_footnotes     = &lt;ref name =&quot;FactFinder&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 18, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_as_of         = [[2010]]
|population_total_type    = Caasimad
|population_total         = 1,445,632&lt;!-- OFFICIAL CENSUS FIGURES. DO NOT CHANGE UNTIL NEXT CENSUS! --&gt;
|pop_est_as_of            = 2014
|pop_est_footnotes        = &lt;ref name=&quot;2014 Pop Estimate&quot;&gt;https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/releases/2015/cb15-89_graphic.jpg&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_est           = 1,537,058
|population_rank          = US: [[6|6aad&lt;!-- CENSUS DATA HAS BEEN UPDATED. PHOENIX IS NOW 6th, NOT 5th. DO NOT CHANGE! --&gt;]]
|population_urban         = 3,629,114 (US: [[12]]aad)
|population_metro         = 4,489,109 (US: [[12]]aad)
|population_density_sq_mi = 2967.59
|population_density_km2   = 1145.79
|population_blank1_title  = Bulshada
|population_blank1        = Phoenician
|timezone                 = [[Wakhti|MST]]
|utc_offset               = −7
|timezone_DST             = ma laha saacada lagu daro maalintii
|utc_offset_DST           = −7
|postal_code_type         = ZIP kodh
|postal_code              = 85001–85099
|area_code                = Area kode 480, 602, iyo 623
|blank_name_sec1          = [[Maraykanka|FIPS]] kode
|blank_info_sec1          = 04|55000
|blank1_name_sec1         = [[Juquraafi|Astaanta GNIS]]
|blank1_info_sec1         = 44784, 2411414
|blank_name_sec2          = [[diyaarad|Gego Diyaarad]]
|blank_info_sec2          = [[Cir|Gegada Diyaardaha Fiiniks]]&amp;nbsp;– PHX (Kan ugu weyn/Caalami)
|website                  = {{URL|www.phoenix.gov}}
|footnotes                =
}}

'''Fiiniks''', '''Phoenix''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|n|ɪ|k|s}}) waa [[caasimad|magaalo-madaxda]], iyo caasimada ugu weyn [[gobol]]ka [[Arizona]] ee wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Fiiniks waxay leedahay [[dad|bulsho]] dhan 1,445,632 (sida lagu ogaaday tirokoob dowladu qaaday sanadkii 2010ka). Caasimada Fiiniks waa magaalo-madaxda ugu shacabka badan dhamaan caasimadaha wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Sidoo kale waa magaalad [[6]]aad ee ugu dadka badan tirada deegaanada wadanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;usa1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html|title=Phoenix QuickFacts from US Census Bureau|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 11, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=May 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521120746/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Phoenix_AZ_Downtown_from_airplane.jpg|left|thumb|Muuqaalka farasmagaalka Fiinis oo hawada sare laga sawirey]]

Waxaa intaas dheer, caasimada Fiiniks waa saldhiga Phoenix Metropoitan Area, oo sidoo kale lagu magacaabo &quot;Dooxada Qoraxda&quot;, midaasi oo iyadna ka tirsan Dooxada Webiga Salt. Marka laga hadlayo Phoenix iyo degaanda hoos yimaada waa mida [[13]]aad ee ugu shacabka badan wadanka Maraykanka, taasi oo leh bulsho dhan 4.3 milyan dad ah (sida lagu ogaaday tirokoobtii sanadkii 2010ka).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2013/03/14/census-phoenix-area-population-tops.html Census: Phoenix-area population tops 4.3 million, moves up metro rankings&amp;nbsp;– Phoenix Business Journal]. Bizjournals.com (March 14, 2013). Retrieved on September 6, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bestplaces.net/people/metro/arizona/phoenix-mesa-scottsdale People in Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale Metro Area, Arizona]. Bestplaces.net. Retrieved on September 6, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; 
Caasimada Fiiniks waxaa intaas u dheer ineey tahay fadhiga dowlada [[degmo|Degmada Marikoba]], iyo mid ka mid ah deegaanda ugu baxada balaadhan wadanka Maraykanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/07ccdb/ccdb-07.pdf|title=County and City Data Book: 2007|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|edition=14|page=712|year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Phoenix_Urban_Villages.svg|left|thumb|Maabka Xaafadaha Caasimada Fiiniks]]

Magaalada waxaa markii ugu horeeysay soo degay sanadkii 1867 dad [[beer]]oleey ah, kuwaasi oo soo jiiteen webiga Salt, webiga Gila iyo dooxaha dhaca agagaarka magaalada Fiiniks. Waxaa magaalo rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay sanadkii 1881.&lt;ref name=Phxgov&gt;{{cite web|url=http://phoenix.gov/pio/publications/history/index.html | title=History of Phoenix|publisher=City of Phoenix| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415163536/http://phoenix.gov/pio/publications/history/index.html | archivedate=April 15, 2014 | accessdate=April 15, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Caasimada Fiiniks waxay dhacdaa waqooyibari [[Lamadegaan|Lamadegaanka Sonoran]], kaasi oo leh [[cimilo]] qalalan oo la mid ah tan deegaanada ka baxsan [[Dhul badhe|dhul-badhaha]]. Iyadoo taasi jirta ayaa hadana waxaa deegaanka Fiiniks leeyahay nidaamyo [[beer]]o waaweyn oo soo saara [[khudaar]], [[cudbi]], suuf iyo [[midho]] badan ooy kuba tiirsan tahay magaalada Fiiniks iyo nawaaxigeedu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://arizonaexperience.org/land/farming-and-ranching | title=Farming and Ranching | publisher=arizonaexperience.org | accessdate=February 17, 2014 | archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 28, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228015804/http://arizonaexperience.org/land/farming-and-ranching | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.barriozona.com/short_history_south_phoenix_1865_1930s.html | title=A Short History of South Phoenix from 1865 to the early 1930's | publisher=barriozona | accessdate=February 17, 2014 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 4, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030023/http://www.barriozona.com/short_history_south_phoenix_1865_1930s.html | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  

[[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] wixii ka horeeyay dhaqaalaha magaaldan Fiiniks wuxuu aad ugu tiirsanaa beerida iyo soosaarida cudbiga, [[lo]]'da, [[Naxaas]]ta iyo khudaarta, taasi oo taagertay bulshada gobolka tan iyo aasaaskii caasimada.


=Taariikh=

[[File:OasisAmerica-es.svg|thumb|OasisAmerica-es|thumb|upright|left|alt=Map portraying ancestral Hohokam lands circa 1350|Maabka deegaanada Hohokam ca. 1350]]

In ka badan 2,000 sano waxaa deegaanka Fiiniks ku noolaa dadka Hohokam ee ka tirsan dadka asal ahaan loogu yimid [[Ameerika|qaarada Ameerika]].&lt;ref name=Phxgov /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Trimble|first=Marshall | title=Arizoniana | publisher=American Traveler Press | year=1988 | page=103 | isbn=978-1-885590-89-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;  
Dadkaasi Hohokam waxay sameeyeen [[biyo|gacan biyo]] oo dhererkiisu yahay ilaa 135 mayl (217 km) kaasi oo ka dhigay [[dhul]]kii [[lamadegaan]]ka ahaa mid la [[beer|qodan]] karo (la beeran karo oo leh [[caro]] nafaqo leh). Intaasi waxaa dheer, qabiilka Hohokam waxay xidhiidh ganacsi la sameeyn jireen dhamaan qabiilaa jaarka la ahaa ee ka midka yihiin Anasazi, Mogollon iyo Sinagua (qabiilo ka mid ah [[Dadka Asalka Ameerika]]).&lt;ref name=azmnh&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.azmnh.org/arch/hohokam.aspx | title=The Hohokam | publisher=Arizona Museum of Natural History | accessdate=February 20, 2014 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=November 30, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130091322/http://www.azmnh.org/arch/hohokam.aspx | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Waxyaabaha horumarka deegaanka ka qeyb qaatey waxaa kow ka ah gacanada-biyaha iyo dooxooyinka, kuwaasi oo suurto geliyay ineey taageeraan nolosha [[dad]]ka iyo [[xoolo|duunyada]]ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.srpmic-nsn.gov/history_culture/maricopa.asp | title=Xalychidom Piipaash (Maricopa) People | publisher=Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community | accessdate=February 17, 2014 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=August 5, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805082906/http://www.srpmic-nsn.gov/history_culture/maricopa.asp | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/maricopa-tribe.htm | title=Maricopa Tribe | publisher=Access Genealogy | accessdate=February 17, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtiyadii gumaystaha reer [[Yurub]] ku fidaayay meelo badan oo [[Ameerika|qaarada Ameerika]] ah ayaa [[Isbayn]] qabsatey deegaanada Arizona taasi ooy ka mid dhigtey maamulkii Isbayn ee Ameerika loona yaqaanay [[Meksiko|Isbayn Meksiko]].
Sanadkii 1848, markii uu dhamaaday dagaaladii Meksiko iyo Maraykanka ayaa dowlada wadanka [[Meksiko]] ka iibisay Arizona dowlada wadanka Maraykanka, sidaasi ayayna Fiiniks ku noqotey mid ka tirsan wadanka Maraykanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Spencer C. Tucker|title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9ceNvefrToC&amp;pg=PA255|year=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=255|isbn=9781851098545}}&lt;/ref&gt; 


=Bulshada Fiiniks=

Caasimada Fiiniks waa tan [[6]]aad ee ugu [[dad|bulshada]] badan wadanka [[Maraykanka]] (sida lagu sheegay tiro-koob dowladu qaadey sanadkii 2010ka), waxayna magaladu leedahay 1,445,632 taasi oo ka dhigaysa [[caasimad|magaalo-madaxda]] ugu shacabka badan wadanka Maraykanka.&lt;ref name=azcentral&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.azcentral.com/community/phoenix/articles/2011/03/13/20110313phoenix-6th-largest-city-philadelphia.html |title=Arizona Republic: &quot;Phoenix drops to sixth largest city.&quot; |first=Lynh |last=Bui |publisher=Azcentral.com |date=March 13, 2011 |accessdate=June 19, 2012 |archive-date=Bisha Labaad 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211020421/http://www.azcentral.com/community/phoenix/articles/2011/03/13/20110313phoenix-6th-largest-city-philadelphia.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsible&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;
|-
! Noocyada Bulshada  !! 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html | title=State &amp; County QuickFacts - Phoenix (city), Arizona | publisher=[[Maraykanka|United States Census Bureau]] | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | access-date=2015-09-10 | archive-date=2012-05-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521120746/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;!! 1990&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;/&gt; !! 1970&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;/&gt; !! 1940&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Dadka Cad|Cadaanka]] (marka lagu daro [[Cad|Hispanik Cad]]) || 65.9% ||  81.7% ||  93.3% || 92.3% 
|-
| [[Afrikan Ameerikan|Madoow ama Afrikan Ameerikan]] || 6.5% || 5.2% ||  4.8% || 6.5%
|-
| [[Meksiko|Hispanik ama Latino]] (dhamaantood) || 40.8% || 20.0% || 12.7%&lt;ref name=&quot;fifteen&quot;/&gt; || n/a
|-
| [[Aasiya]]an || 3.2% || 1.7% || 0.5% || 0.8%
|-
| [[Cad|Cadaan ahayn Hispanik]] || 46.5% ||  71.8% || 81.3%&lt;ref name=&quot;fifteen&quot;&gt;From 15% sample&lt;/ref&gt; || n/a
|-
|}

=Muuqaalka Magaalada=
&lt;gallery&gt;

File:Phoenix downtown03.ca1940s.jpg|Muuqaalka farasmagaalka Fiiniks 1940kiii
File:The_View_of_Phoenix%27s_Urban_Sprawl_from_4000_Ft._South_Mountain_in_Background_%2C_6_1972.jpg|Magaalada Fiiniks oo hawada sare laga [[sawir]]ey 1972
File:Downtown Phoenix Skyline Lights.jpg|Fiiniks, Arisona
File:Phoenix.landsat.750pix.jpg|Sawir cirka sare laga soo qaaday ee Fiiniks
File:PhoenixDowntown.jpg|badhtamaha Fiiniks
File:Downtown Phoenix Aerial Looking Northeast.jpg|Dabaqyada dhaadheer ee Fiiniks
File:Phoenix Urban Villages.svg|
File:Phoenix (4270737598).jpg|

&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[File:Downtown_PHX_Panorama.jpg|1250px|center|Muuqalka Caasimada Fiiniks, Arisona]]
[[File:Phoenix Skyline from South Mountain at Night.2010.jpg|800px|center|koonfurta caasimada Fiinis goor habeen ah]]

=Magaalooyinka Maraykanka=
{{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}}
{{Gobolada Maraykanka}}

=Tixraac=

{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Maraykanka]]
[[Category:Ameerika]]
[[Category:Magaalo]]
[[Category:Dad]]</text>
      <sha1>3adln9bhrhwvhazapm4mqi29gkjoxwt</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Location map/multi</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>19922</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299173</id>
      <parentid>288955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T07:01:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>299173</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8047" sha1="q9gz44tzbnjx2aljxbl0067zos3ns53" xml:space="preserve">require('strict')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
local locmap = require('Module:Location map')

local function switcherSeparate(s)
	if s == nil then return {} end
	local retval = {}
	for i in string.gmatch(s .. '#', '([^#]*)#') do
		i = mw.text.trim(i)
		retval[#retval + 1] = (i ~= '' and i)
	end
	return retval
end

function p.container(frame, args, map)
	local caption_list = {}
	if not args then
		args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map+', valueFunc = locmap.valueFunc})
	end
	if not map then
		if args[1] then
			map = {}
			for mapname in string.gmatch(args[1], '[^#]+') do
				map[#map + 1] = locmap.getMapParams(mapname, frame)
			end
			if args['caption'] then
				if args['caption'] == &quot;&quot; then
					while #caption_list &lt; #map do
						caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = args['caption']
					end
				else
					for caption in mw.text.gsplit(args['caption'], '##', true) do
						caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = caption
					end
				end
			end
			if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end
		else
			map = locmap.getMapParams('World', frame)
		end
	end
	if type(map) == 'table' then
		local placeslist = mw.text.gsplit(args.places, '#PlaceList#')
		local permaplaces = {}
		local numbermaps = #map
		local count = 0
		for i = 1,numbermaps do
			permaplaces[i] = {}
		end
		for place in placeslist do
			table.insert(permaplaces[count%numbermaps + 1],place)
			count = count + 1
		end
		local altmaps = switcherSeparate(args.AlternativeMap)
		if #altmaps &gt; #map then
			error(string.format('%d AlternativeMaps were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #altmaps, #map))
		end
		local overlays = switcherSeparate(args.overlay_image)
		if #overlays &gt; #map then
			error(string.format('%d overlay_images were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #overlays, #map))
		end
		if #caption_list &gt; #map then
			error(string.format('%d captions were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #caption_list, #map))
		end
		local outputs = {}
		args.autoSwitcherLabel = true
		for k,v in ipairs(map) do
			args.AlternativeMap = altmaps[k]
			args.overlay_image = overlays[k]
			args.caption = caption_list[k]
			args.places = table.concat(permaplaces[k])
			outputs[k] = p.container(frame, args, v)
		end
		return '&lt;div class=&quot;switcher-container&quot;&gt;' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '&lt;/div&gt;'
	else
		return locmap.top(frame, args, map) .. (args.places and args.places:gsub('%s*\n%s*', '') or '') .. locmap.bottom(frame, args, map)
	end
end

local function manyMakeArgs(fullArgs, n)
	if n == 1 then
		return {
			lat = fullArgs.lat1 or fullArgs.lat,
			long = fullArgs.long1 or fullArgs.long,
			coordinates = fullArgs.coordinates1 or fullArgs.coordinates,
			lat_deg = fullArgs.lat1_deg or fullArgs.lat_deg,
			lat_min = fullArgs.lat1_min or fullArgs.lat_min,
			lat_sec = fullArgs.lat1_sec or fullArgs.lat_sec,
			lat_dir = fullArgs.lat1_dir or fullArgs.lat_dir,
			lon_deg = fullArgs.lon1_deg or fullArgs.lon_deg,
			lon_min = fullArgs.lon1_min or fullArgs.lon_min,
			lon_sec = fullArgs.lon1_sec or fullArgs.lon_sec,
			lon_dir = fullArgs.lon1_dir or fullArgs.lon_dir,
			outside = fullArgs.outside1 or fullArgs.outside,
			mark = fullArgs.mark1 or fullArgs.mark,
			marksize = fullArgs.mark1size or fullArgs.marksize,
			link = fullArgs.link1 or fullArgs.link,
			label = fullArgs.label1 or fullArgs.label,
			label_size = fullArgs.label1_size or fullArgs.label_size,
			label_width = fullArgs.label1_width or fullArgs.label_width,
			position = fullArgs.position1 or fullArgs.pos1 or fullArgs.position or fullArgs.pos,
			background = fullArgs.background1 or fullArgs.bg1 or fullArgs.background or fullArgs.bg
		}
	else
		return {
			lat = fullArgs['lat' .. n],
			long = fullArgs['long' .. n],
			coordinates = fullArgs['coordinates' .. n],
			lat_deg = fullArgs['lat' .. n .. '_deg'],
			lat_min = fullArgs['lat' .. n .. '_min'],
			lat_sec = fullArgs['lat' .. n .. '_sec'],
			lat_dir = fullArgs['lat' .. n .. '_dir'],
			lon_deg = fullArgs['lon' .. n .. '_deg'],
			lon_min = fullArgs['lon' .. n .. '_min'],
			lon_sec = fullArgs['lon' .. n .. '_sec'],
			lon_dir = fullArgs['lon' .. n .. '_dir'],
			outside = fullArgs['outside' .. n],
			mark = fullArgs['mark' .. n],
			marksize = fullArgs['mark' .. n .. 'size'],
			link = fullArgs['link' .. n],
			label = fullArgs['label' .. n],
			label_size = fullArgs['label' .. n .. '_size'],
			label_width = fullArgs['label' .. n .. '_width'],
			position = fullArgs['position' .. n] or fullArgs['pos' .. n],
			background = fullArgs['background' .. n] or fullArgs['bg' .. n]
		}
	end
end

function p.many(frame, args, map)
	if not args then
		args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map many', valueFunc = locmap.valueFunc})
	end
	if not args[1] then
		args[1] = 'World'
	end
	if not map then
		map = {}
		for mapname in string.gmatch(args[1], '[^#]+') do
			map[#map + 1] = locmap.getMapParams(mapname, frame)
		end
		if #map ~= 1 then
			local outputs = {}
			args.autoSwitcherLabel = true
			for k,v in ipairs(map) do
				outputs[k] = p.many(frame, args, v)
			end
			return '&lt;div class=&quot;switcher-container&quot;&gt;' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '&lt;/div&gt;'
		end
		map = map[1]
	end
	local marks = {}
	local markhigh
	if args.markhigh then
		mw.log('Removed parameter markhigh used.')
		local parent = frame:getParent()
		if parent then
			mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle())
		end
		mw.logObject(args, 'args')
		markhigh = true
	end
	for k, v in pairs(args) do -- @todo change to uargs once we have that
		if v then
			if string.sub(k, -4) == '_deg' then
				k = string.sub(k, 1, -5)
			end
			if string.sub(k, 1, 3) == 'lat' then
				k = tonumber(string.sub(k, 4))
				if k then
					table.insert(marks, k)
				end
			elseif string.sub(k, 1, 11) == 'coordinates' then
				k = tonumber(string.sub(k, 12))
				if k then
					table.insert(marks,k)
				end
			end
		end
	end
	table.sort(marks)
	if marks[1] ~= 1 and (args.lat or args.lat_deg or args.coordinates) then
		table.insert(marks, 1, 1)
	end
	local body = ''
	for _, v in ipairs(marks) do
		-- don't try to consolidate this into the above loop. ordering of elements from pairs() is unspecified
		body = body .. tostring( locmap.mark(frame, manyMakeArgs(args, v), map) )
		if args['mark' .. v .. 'high'] then
			mw.log('Removed parameter mark' .. v .. 'high used.')
			local parent = frame:getParent()
			if parent then
				mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle())
			end
			mw.logObject(args, 'args')
			markhigh = true
		end
	end
	args.label = nil -- there is no global label
	return locmap.top(frame, args, map) .. body .. locmap.bottom(frame, args, map) .. (markhigh and '[[Category:Location maps with possible errors|Page using removed parameter]]' or '')
end

function p.load(frame, args, map)
	if not args then
		args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true})
	end
	local dataModule = mw.loadData(args[1])
	local containerArgs = dataModule.containerArgs
	if not map then
		map = {}
		for mapname in string.gmatch(containerArgs[1], '[^#]+') do
			map[#map + 1] = locmap.getMapParams(mapname, frame)
		end
		if #map ~= 1 then
			local outputs = {}
			args.autoSwitcherLabel = true
			for k,v in ipairs(map) do
				outputs[k] = p.load(frame, args, v)
			end
			return '&lt;div class=&quot;switcher-container&quot;&gt;' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '&lt;/div&gt;'
		end
		map = map[1]
	end
	local marks = {}
	if dataModule.marks then
		for k,markArgs in ipairs(dataModule.marks) do
			marks[k] = tostring(locmap.mark(frame, markArgs, map))
		end
	end
	if dataModule.secondaryModules then
		for _,modname in ipairs(dataModule.secondaryModules) do
			for _,markArgs in ipairs(mw.loadData(modname).marks) do
				marks[#marks + 1] = tostring(locmap.mark(frame, markArgs, map))
			end
		end
	end
	if args.autoSwitcherLabel then
		local TableTools = require('Module:TableTools')
		containerArgs = TableTools.shallowClone(containerArgs)
		containerArgs.autoSwitcherLabel = true
	end
	return locmap.top(frame, containerArgs, map) .. table.concat(marks) .. locmap.bottom(frame, containerArgs, map)
end

return p</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data Liibiya</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>22339</id>
    <revision>
      <id>298998</id>
      <parentid>168854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T15:48:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>298998</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1337" sha1="fq7uh4zuv26ydgpml2738wiax1yop7k" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1&lt;noinclude&gt;|country showdata&lt;/noinclude&gt;}}}
| alias = Libya
| flag alias = Flag of Libya.svg
| flag alias-1864 = Flag of Vilayet-i Trablusgarp.svg
| flag alias-1911 = Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg
| flag alias-1949 = Flag of Cyrenaica.svg
| flag alias-1951 = Flag of Libya (1951–1969).svg
| flag alias-1969 = Flag of Libya (1969–1972).svg
| flag alias-1972 = Flag of Libya (1972–1977).svg
| flag alias-1977 = Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg
| flag alias-transition = Flag of Libya (2011 combined).svg
| flag alias-air force = Flag of the Libyan Air Force.svg
| flag alias-army = Flag of the Libyan Ground Forces.svg
| flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of Libya.svg
| flag alias-naval-1977 = Naval Ensign of Libya (1977–2011).svg
| flag alias-navy = Flag of the Libyan Navy.svg
| link alias-navy = Libyan Navy
| flag alias-military = Flag of the Libyan Ground Forces.svg
| link alias-military = Libyan National Army
| link alias-army= Libyan Ground Forces
| link alias-air force = Libyan Air Force
| link alias-naval = Libyan Navy
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1864
| var2 = 1911
| var3 = 1949
| var4 = 1951
| var5 = 1969
| var6 = 1972
| var7 = 1977
| var8 = naval-1977
| var11 = transition
| redir1 = LBY
| redir2 = LBA
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>fq7uh4zuv26ydgpml2738wiax1yop7k</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Dhulkii punt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>29732</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299121</id>
      <parentid>265020</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T02:02:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>28368</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>299121</origin>
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[[File:Punt_houses.gif|thumb| Muuqaal ku yaal Punt, oo muujinaya guryo dhowr ah oo ku yaal dhir udgoon, laba [[Geed Timir|geedo timir timir ah]], saddex geed oo [[malmal]] ah, shimbir ( ''[[ Hedydipna metallica |Hedydipna metallica]]'' ), lo'da, iyo kalluun aan la garanayn iyo qoolleyda, biyo ku jira oo markii hore ahaa cagaar si ay u muujiso inay tahay cusbo ama dhareer. &lt;ref&gt;http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/edwards/pharaohs/pharaohs-8.html&lt;/ref&gt; Sketch derbigii alwaax ee [[ Hatshepsut |Hatshepsut]] ee [[ Deir el-Bahri |Deir el-Bahri]], oo muujinaya socdaalkii boqornimada ee Punt. ]]
The '''Land of Punt''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''[[wiktionary:pwnt#Egyptian|pwnt]]'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) &lt;ref&gt;Ian Shaw &amp; Paul Nicholson, ''The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt'', British Museum Press, [[London]]. 1995, p.231.&lt;/ref&gt;, ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga. &lt;ref name=&quot;Shaw &amp; Nicholson, p.231&quot;&gt;Shaw &amp; Nicholson, p.231.&lt;/ref&gt; Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore,    halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Albright|first1=W.F|title=The Location of the Garden of Eden|journal=American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures|date=1922|volume=39|issue=1|page=20|jstor=528684}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|last=Sadler, Jr.|encyclopedia=[[New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible]]|first=Rodney|editor=[[Katharine Sakenfeld]]|publisher=Abingdon Press|volume=4|location=Nashville|pages=691–92|title=Put|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mararka qaarkood Punt waxaa loo yaqaan ''Ta netjer'' ( ''[[wiktionary:tꜣ-nṯr#Egyptian|tꜣ nṯr]]'' ), &quot;Dhulkii Eebbe&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Breasted, John Henry (1906–1907), Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest, collected, edited, and translated, with Commentary, p.433, vol.1&lt;/ref&gt; Meesha saxda [[Dhul Udug|ah]] ee Punt weli waxaa ka doodaya taariikhyahanno. Inta badan culimada maanta waxay aaminsan yihiin in Punt ay ku taal koonfur-bari [[Masar]], oo ay u badan tahay gobolka xeebta ee casriga ah ee [[Jabuuti]], [[Soomaal|Soomaaliya]], waqooyi-bari [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya|Eritrea]], iyo xoola-dhaqatada [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] ee [[Suudaan]] . &lt;ref&gt;Simson Najovits, ''Egypt, trunk of the tree, Volume 2'', (Algora Publishing: 2004), p.258.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa kale oo suurtogal ah in dhulku daboolay labada [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|gees ee Afrika]] iyo Koonfurta Carabiya . &lt;ref name=&quot;Meeks&quot;&gt;Dimitri Meeks – Chapter 4 – &quot;Locating Punt&quot; from the book ''Mysterious Lands''&quot;, by David B. O'Connor and Stephen Quirke.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Where Is Punt? Nova. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/egypt-punt.html&lt;/ref&gt; [[Puntland]], gobolka maamul ee Soomaaliya ee ku yaal [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska geeska Afrika]], waxaa loo magacaabay tixraaca Land Punt. &lt;ref&gt;Puntland profile, BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114727&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Safarada Masar ee Punt ==
Wareeggii hore ee duullimaadyadii Masaarida ee hore ee loo soo daayay ee Punt wuxuu abaabulay Fircoon Sahure oo uu ka mid ahaa kii Dawladii Dawladii Shanaad (25aad ee la xusayo), isaga oo soo saaray xamuulkii antyue iyo Puntites. Si loo noqdo, dahabka waxaa lagu qoray diiwaangelin si aad u joogtid dalka Masar ilaa iyo xilligii Fircoon Khufu ee Dawladii Afaraad&lt;ref&gt;Breasted 1906–07, p. 161, vol. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;

Intaa ka dib, waxaa jiray duulimaadyo badan oo ku socday Punt lixdnaad, kow iyo tobnaad, laba- iyo- tobnaad iyo siddeed iyo tobnaadkii Masriyiintii Masar. Qarnigii laba iyo tobnaad, ganacsiga lala yeesho Punt waxaa lagu xusaa suugaanta caanka ah ee ''[[ Sheekadii markabka shiraacday |Tale of Shipwrecked Sailor]]'' . 

Waagii boqornimadii Mentuhotep III (11-daadkii boqortooyadii, sanadki 2000 BC), sarkaal magaciisu yahay Hannu wuxuu abaabulay mid ama ka badan oo safar ah Punt, laakiin lama hubo inuu shaqsiyan u safray safaradaas.  Hawlgallada meheradaha ee 12-kii boqoradood ee boqortooyooyinka Senusret I, Amenemhat II iyo Amenemhat IV ayaa sidoo kale si guul leh ugu socdaalay dhanka iyo ka imaanshaha dhulka qarsoon ee Punt. &lt;ref name=&quot;p145&quot;&gt;Joyce Tyldesley, Hatchepsut: The Female Pharaoh, Penguin Books, 1996 hardback, p.145&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;El-Sayed Mahfouz: ''Amenemhat IV at Wadi Gawasis'', Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale A. (BIFAO) 2010, vol. 110, [165-173, 485, 491 [11 p.],, see also &lt;/ref&gt; 

Qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee Masar, Hatshepsut waxay dhistay maraakiib [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] ah si ay ugu fududaato ganacsiga u dhexeeya madaxa [[Gacanka Caqaba|gacanka Aqaba]] iyo dhibco ilaa koonfurta ilaa Punt si ay ugu keento alaabada guriga Karnak iyada oo lagu beddelayo dahabkii Nubian. Hatshepsut waxay shaqsiyan u sameysay safarkii Masriyiinta ee caanka ahaa ee u safray Punt. Farshaxannadeeyaasheeda ayaa wax badan ka sheegaya royals, dadka degan, hoyga iyo geedaha kala duwan ee jasiiradda, iyagoo ku muujinaya &quot;Dhulkii ilaahyada, waa gobol aad uga fog bariga jihada qorrax soo baxa, oo ay ku barakeeyeen alaabo ujeedooyin diimeed&quot;, halkaas oo ganacsatadu ay la soo noqdeen dahab, fool maroodi, geed foolxun, foox, qoryo udgoon, hargaha xayawaanka, xayawaanka nool, waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo ee indhaha lagu qurxiyo, qoryaha udgoon, iyo qorfe.   Intii lagu jiray boqornimadii Boqortooyada Hatshepsut qarnigii 15aad ee BC, maraakiibta ayaa si joogto ah uga gudubta Badda Cas si ay u helaan bitumen, naxaas, macmacaan xardhan, naptha iyo alaabada kale ee laga dhoofiyo dhulka hoostiisa iyo hoos Badda Dhimatay ee loo yaqaan Elat. madaxa buundada Aqaba halkaas oo ay weheliso [[Uunsi|frankincense]] iyo [[malmal]] waqooyiga labadaba dhanka badda iyo dusha sare ee wadooyinka ganacsiga ee u dhexeysa buuraha ku teedsan waqooyiga dhanka xeebta bari ee Badda Cas. &lt;ref&gt;Dr. Muhammed Abdul Nayeem, (1990). Prehistory and Protohistory of the Arabian Peninsula. Hyderabad. ISBN.&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Hatshepsut-tree.jpg|thumb| Geed horteeda macbudka Hatshepsut, ayaa sheegtey in laga keenay Punt by Safarka Hatshepsut, kaas oo lagu muujiyey darbiyada macbudka ]]
Warbixin of tahay in dhoofkanu lahaan shan markab waaqsado on reliefs in meydka Hatshepsut ayaa macbudka ugu Deir el-Bahri .Inta qoraallada macbudka oo dhan, Hatshepsut &quot;waxay haysaa khayaali ah in ergeygeeda&quot; Chancellor Nehsi, oo lagu xuso madaxa duulista, uu u safray Punt &quot;si uu uga soo saaro qadarinta dadka ka soo jeeda&quot; oo qiray inay daacad u yihiin Fircoon Masar. &lt;ref name=&quot;Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.147&quot;&gt;Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.148   &lt;/ref&gt; Xaqiiqdii, Socdaalkii Nehsi wuxuu ahaa hawlgal ganacsi oo fudud oo uu u aado dhul, Punt, kaasoo xilligan ahaa goob ganacsi oo si wanaagsan loo aasaasay.  Intaa ka sokow, booqashada Nehsi ee Punt ma ahayn mid si geesinimo leh u kacsan maadaama uu &quot;wehelinayay ugu yaraan shan markab oo kuwa Masaarida ah&quot; waxaana si diiran u salaamay madaxa Punt iyo qoyskiisa dhow. &lt;ref name=&quot;p149&quot;&gt;Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.149 &lt;/ref&gt;  Puntites &quot;kuma ganacsan keliya wax soo saarkooda cadar, cambaarta iyo lo'da gaagaaban, laakiin sidoo kale alaab ayay ka yimaadeen waddamada kale ee Afrika oo ay ku jiraan dahabka, foolka maroodiga iyo hargaha maqaarka.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.147&quot; /&gt; Sida ku xusan qodobbada macbudka, Dhulka Punt waxaa xukumi jiray King Parahu iyo Boqoradda Ati. &lt;ref&gt;Breasted 1906–07, p. 161, vol. 1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Socdaalkan sifiican loo sharxay ee Hatshepsut wuxuu dhacay Sannadkii 9aad ee boqornimadii Fircoon ee ducadii Aamoos . 
[[File:Relief_of_Hatshepsut's_expedition_to_the_Land_of_Punt_by_Σταύρος.jpg|thumb| Askarta Masaarida ah ee duulaanka Hatshepsut u aaday dhanka dhulka Punt sida ku xusan macbudkeeda ku yaal Deir el-Bahri . ]]
In kasta oo ay Masriyiintu &quot;si gaar ah ugu fiicnayn halista safarka badda, iyo safarka dheer ee Punt, waa inay u muuqdeen wax la mid ah safarka dayaxa ee sahamiyaasha maanta ... abaalmarinada [helitaanka frankincense, ebony iyo malmal] wuxuu si cad u sheegay khataraha. &quot;  &lt;ref&gt;Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.148&lt;/ref&gt; Guushii Hatshepsut ee 18-aad ee boqortooyooyinka, sida Thutmose III iyo Amenhotep III ayaa sidoo kale sii waday dhaqankii Masaarida ee la-ganacsiga Punt. &lt;ref name=&quot;145-146&quot;&gt;Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, pp.145–146&lt;/ref&gt; Ganacsiga Punt wuxuu sii waday bilowgii qarnigii 20aad ka hor inta uusan dhammaan kahor dhamaadka Boqortooyada Masar cusub .  Papyrus Harris I, dukumenti casri ah oo Masaar ah oo sheegaya dhacdooyin faahfaahsan oo ka dhacay boqornimadii boqoradii hore ee boqortooyadii Ramesses III, waxaa ku jira sharaxaad cad oo ku saabsan soo laabashada Masriyiinta ee ka soo laabashada Punt: 

Dhamaadka muddadii Boqortooyada Cusuba, Punt wuxuu noqday &quot;dhul aan macquul ahayn oo cajaa'ibyo iyo halyeeyo ah.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Tyldesley, ''Hatchepsut'', p.146&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Masriyiintii sii waday in ay ka koobanahay jacaylka heeso ku saabsan Puntland, &quot;Markii aan qaban dhow jeclaatay, Oo gacmaheedana way ka xadaan igu wareegsan, waxaan ahay sida nin loo tarjumay in Punt, ama sida qof baxay reedflats ah, marka dunida si lama filaan ah ubax &quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mysterious Lands|last=O'Connor|first=David B|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-1844720040|location=|pages=88}} &lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Punt2.JPG|thumb| Gargaarkan ayaa muujinaya geedo foox iyo malmal oo ay ka heleen safarkii Hatshepsut ee Punt ]]
Waqtiyada qaar, Masaaridii hore waxay ugu yeeri jireen Punt ''Ta netjer'' ( ''[[wiktionary:tꜣ-nṯr#Egyptian|tꜣ nṯr]]'' ), oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;Dhulkii Eebbe&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Breasted 1906–07, p. 161, vol. 1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa xaqiiqada ah inay ka mid ahayd gobollada Qorraxda Sun, oo ah, gobollada ku yaal jihada qorrax-soo-baxa, illaa Bariga Masar. Kheyraadka gobollada bari waxaa ka mid ahaa alaabada loo isticmaalo macbudyada, gaar ahaan fooxa. Suugaanta hore (iyo suugaanta aan hadda guud ahayn) waxay ilaalisay in sumadda &quot;Dhulkii Ilaah&quot;, markii loo tarjumay &quot;Dhul Quduus ah&quot; ama &quot;Dhulkii ilaahyada / awoowayaasha&quot;, ay macnaheedu ahayd in Masriyiintii hore ay u arkayeen Land Punt inay tahay waddankoodii hore. . WM Flinders Petrie waxay rumeysan tahay in Dynastic Race ay ka timid ama soo martay Punt iyo in &quot;Pan, ama Punt, ay ahayd degmo ku taal koonfurta koonfur galbeed Badda Cas, oo laga yaabo inay qabsato labada xeebta Afrika iyo Carabta.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/historyofegypt01petr#page/n33/mode/2up 'A history of Egypt' Vol. I, p. 13] Moreover ''The Making of Egypt'' (1939) states that the Land of Punt was &quot;sacred to the Egyptians as the source of their race.&quot;{{Xaqiiq}} &lt;/ref&gt; Intaa waxaa dheer, EA Wallis Budge wuxuu sheegay in &quot;Dhaqanka Masar ee xilligi Dynastic uu qabtey in guriga abtirsiinyada Masriyiinta ay tahay Punt ...&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Short History of the Egyptian People, by E. A. Wallis Budge. Budge stated that &quot;Egyptian tradition of the Dynastic Period held that the aboriginal home of the Egyptians was Punt...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ta netjer dheer ma codsatay kaliya in ay Puntland, oo ku yaalla koonfur bari ee Masar, laakiin sidoo kale in gobollada [[Aasiya|Asia]] bari iyo waqooyi-bari ee Masar, sida [[Lubnaan]], kaas oo ahaa isha ka mid ah qoriga macbudyo. &lt;ref&gt;Breasted 1906–07, p. 161, vol. 1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Xaraashka macbudka Hatshepsut ee ku yaal Deir el-Bahri, Boqorka iyo boqoradda Punt ayaa lagu sawiray iyaga iyo taariikhdooda. Sababtoo ah muuqaalkeedii aan caadiga ahayn, Boqoraddu mararka qaarkood mala-awaashay in ay qabatay [[Foto Weyne|steatopygia]] horumarsan &lt;ref&gt;D.W. Phillipson. 2005. African archaeology, page 81 of 389 pages&lt;/ref&gt; ama elephantiasis .  Hase yeeshee, iyadu waxa ay hadda Caafimaad ahaan la aqoonsan yahay sida isagoo tahay haystay Queen of Punt syndrome, Suite ka mid ah xaaladaha ay ku jiraan qoys cayilka, Launois Bensaude lipomatosis, cudurka Dercum, halsiata, lagu dhasho lipodystrophy, achondroplasia, X-lala hypophosphatemia, iyo Proteus cilad .  

== Meesha ugu weyn ee la soo jeediyay ==
[[File:Punt location per animal depiction &amp; gene test &amp; travel route.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Meelaha la filayo ee ku xeeran Badda Cas iyo waddooyinka waaweyn ee safarka ah ee u dhexeeya dhulka iyo badda ]]

=== Geeska Afrika ===
Badi fikradaha ayaa ah Punt oo ku taal Waqooyi-bari Afrika, oo ku saleysan xaqiiqada ah in badeecada Punt (sida lagu muujiyey sawirada Hatshepsut) laga helay Geeska Afrika laakiin aad u yar ama mararka qaarkood ka maqnaa Arabia. Alaabooyinkan waxaa ka mid ah dahab iyo miro udgoon leh sida [[Malmal|myrrh]], [[Uunsi|frankincense]], iyo ubax ; xayawaanka duurjoogta ah ka muujinayaa in Puntland ka mid gariga, baboons, [[Jeer|hippotamuses]], iyo shabeelka . Richard Pankhurst wuxuu yiri: “[Punt] waxaa loo aqoonsaday dhul ku yaal labada marin ee Carbeed iyo Geeska Afrika labadaba. Tixgelinta qodobbada ay Masriyiintu ka heleen Punt, gaar ahaan dahabka iyo foolka maroodiga, waxay soo jeedinayaan, si kastaba ha noqotee, in kuwan hore ay ahaayeen kuwa Afrika Tani waxay noo horseedaysa inaan ka soo qaadno in ereyga &quot;Punt&quot; laga yaabo inuu Afrika ka badan ka adeegsan jiray dhulka carabta. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Shaw &amp; Nicholson, p.231&quot;&gt;Shaw &amp; Nicholson, p.231.&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=YAnTJQWWnoAC&amp;printsec=frontcover#PPA145,M1 Hatshepsut's Temple at Deir El Bahari By Frederick Monderson]&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanadkii 2010, daraasad hidde ayaa lagu sameeyay haraaga ladilay ee digaaga oo ay dib uga soo celiyeen Punt Masriyiintii hore. Hogaaminayo kooxda cilmi-ka ah Museum Masaarida iyo University of California, Santa Cruz, saynisyahano loo isticmaalo oxygen [[isotope]] falanqaynta in la baaro timaha ka laba mumiyayaasha daanyeer in la sii raagayaan ee Museum British . Mid ka mid ah dhir-daarayaasha ayaa lahaa khaldan macluumaadka keli-taliska, sidaa darteed qiyamka kale ee oksijiinka kale waxaa la barbar dhigay kuwa muunad-xayawaannada casriga ah laga soo qaatay gobollada xiisaha leh. Baarayaasha ayaa marka hore ogaadey in xabadaha ay aad ugu dhowyihiin muunado casri ah oo laga arkay [[Eratareya|Ereteriya]] iyo [[Itoobiya|Ethiopia]] oo ay ka soo horjeedaan kuwa deriska la ah Soomaaliya, iyada oo muunadada Itoobiya &quot;asal ahaan ay ka dambeyso galbeedka Eritrea.&quot; Kooxda fursad uma helin inay isbarbar dhigaan hooyooyinka iyo daanyeerada [[Yemen]] . Saynisyahannada ayaa rumeysan in falanqaynta noocan ahi ay soo saari doonaan natiijooyin tan la mid ah maadaama, marka loo eego, khariidadaha goonni-isu-taagga ah ee gobolka ay soo jeedinayaan in daayeerrada ku sugan Yemen ay si dhow ula mid noqon doonaan kuwa jooga Soomaaliya. Borofisar Dominy, oo ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha cilmi-baarista ayaa gabagabada ku soo gabagabeeyey &quot;waxaan u maleyneynaa in Punt waa nooc ka mid ah gobolka ay ku habboon tahay oo ay ku jiraan bariga Itoobiya iyo dhammaan Eritrea.&quot;  Sanadkii 2015, saynisyahannadu waxay sameeyeen daraasad dabagal ah oo lagu xaqiijinayo waxyaabihii u horeeyey, waxayna ku soo gabagabeeyeen &quot;natiijooyinkayagu waxay muujinayaan ciyaar aad u sareysa oo ka socota bariga [[Soomaal|Soomaaliya]] iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia, iyagoo soo jeedinaya in gobolkani ahaa isha Papio. hamadryas loo dhoofiyay Masar hore. &quot;  Bishii Juun 2018, archaeologists Polish ah oo cilmi baaris ku sameynayay Macbadka &quot;Hatshepsut&quot; tan iyo 1961 waxay ogaadeen muuqaalka kaliya ee shimbiraha ''xogaha'' ah ( ''Sagittarius agwọarius'' ) oo loo yaqaanay Masar qadiimiga ah ee ku taal aagga Bas-ka ee Portico of Punt oo muujiyey Socdaalkii weyn ee Fircoon ee ku socday Dhulkii Punt. Xoghaynta shimbiraha waxay ku nooshahay kaliya dhul daaqsimeedka furan ee Afrika iyo savannah, waxaa lagu sheegay liiska shimbiraha laga helay [[Suudaan]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya|Ereteriya]], [[Jabuuti]], iyo [[Soomaal|Soomaaliya]], shimbirahaas lagama helo Carabiya. &lt;ref&gt;Tyldesley, Hatchepsut, p.148 &lt;/ref&gt; 

sida uu qabo Papyrus Harris I, dukumenti casri ah oo Masaar ah oo sheegaya dhacdooyin faahfaahsan oo ka dhacay boqornimadii boqoradii hore ee boqortooyadii Ramesses III, waxaa ku jira sharaxaad cad oo ku saabsan soo laabashada Masriyiinta ee ka soo laabatay Punt: hey si nabad ah ayaa ku timid dalkii la degay ee Coptos: Waxay si nabad ah ugu ruxruxaan iyagoo wata alaabtii ay keeneen. Alaabtii waxaa lagu xardhay badda dusheeda, iyo dameeraha, iyo dadka, oo lagu soo celiyey doonyaha ku yaal dekedaha Koptos. Iyagu [alaabada iyo Puntites] ayaa loo diray xagga hoose, iyagoo soo galaya iyagoo faraxsan oo boqornimadiisa jooga. reer egyptiis waxay u safreen gobol koonfurta koonfureed ku yaal egpyt si ay uhelaan rakaabka punt. Sida laga soo xigtay isha ay u safreen gobol hadda ku yaal gacanta maamulka Qena ee Masar qiyaastii 43 km (27 mi) waqooyiga magaalada Luxor ee koonfurta egypt halkaas oo ay ku safraan dhanka hoose taas oo si aan caadi aheyn u dhiganta aagga koonfureed ee egypt agagaarka agagaarka geeska afrika. Sida laga soo xigtay ilaha egytian.. &lt;ref&gt;K. A. Kitchen, &quot;Punt and how to get there&quot;, Orientalia 40 (1971), 184–207:190.&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;br /&gt;         

== Meelaha kale ee la soo jeediyay ==

=== Jasiiradda carabta ===
Dimitri Meeks wuxuu ku raacsan yahay mala-awaalka Geeska Afrika wuxuuna farta ku fiiqay qoraallo qadiim ah oo tilmaamaya in Punt ku taal xeebta galbeed ee Jasiiradda Carbeed, laga soo bilaabo Gacanka Aqaba ilaa Yemen, wuxuu qoray &quot;Qoraallada muujinaya Punt ee shakiga laga qabo in koonfurta ay ku sugan yihiin Tirada dadka laga tirada badan yahay, laakiin waa kuwa keliya ee lagu soo qaatay istiraatiijiyadda hadda jirta ee ku saabsan meesha uu dalku ku yaal, Punt, waxaa noo sheegay in Masriyiintu ku sugan yihiin - la xiriirta dooxada Niil - labada waqooyi, xiriir la leh waddamada Bariga Ugu dhow aagga Mediterranean, iyo sidoo kale bari ama koonfur-bari, halka xudduudaha ugu fog ay aad uga fog yihiin koonfurta. Kaliya Jasiiradda Carbeed ayaa qancisa tilmaamahan oo dhan. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Meeks&quot;&gt;Dimitri Meeks – Chapter 4 – &quot;Locating Punt&quot; from the book ''Mysterious Lands''&quot;, by David B. O'Connor and Stephen Quirke.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Punt sida ku cad Sawirkii hore ee Masar ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| width=&quot;20%&quot; |[[File:Pa-rehu,_the_Prince_of_Punt,_his_wife_and_his_two_sons,_and_a_daughter._(1902)_-_TIMEA.jpg|250x250px]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Boqoradda Ati iyo King Perahu ee Punt iyo ka soo qeyb galayaashiisa sida lagu sawiray macbudka Fircoon Hatshepsut ee ku yaal Deir el-Bahri. 
| width=&quot;30%&quot; |[[File:Men_from_Punt_Carrying_Gifts,_Tomb_of_Rekhmire_MET_30.4.152_EGDP013029.jpg|250x250px]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Rag ka socda Punt oo watay hadiyado, Baadiyaha Rekhmire 
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| width=&quot;20%&quot; |[[File:Pwenet.gif|150x150px]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Higgaadinta Masaarida &quot;pwenet&quot; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; dhamaadka &quot;d&quot; dhediga lama sheegin inta lagu gudajiray Boqortooyada &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Calaamadda ugu dambeysa waa go'aaminta ''dalka'', ''dhulka'' 
| width=&quot;30%&quot; |[[File:Punthouse01.gif|200x200px]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Gargaarka darbiga 
| width=&quot;30%&quot; |[[File:Punthouse02.jpg|200x200px]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Guryo sidii iyagoo gargaar ah 
|-
|}

== Tixraacyada ==

* [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200003591 PUT]


{{Reflist|30em}}

== Tixraacyada ==

* Bradbury, Louise (1988), &quot;Reflections on Travelling to 'God's Land' and Punt in the Middle Kingdom&quot;, Journal of Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Mareykanka ee Masar, 25 : 127–156, doi : 10.2307 / 40000875, JSTOR   40000875 . 
* Breasted, John Henry (1906-1907), Diiwaannadii qadiimiga ahaa ee Masar: Dukumiintiyo taariikhi ah oo ka soo baxay waayihii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan 'the Persian Conquest', waa la ururiyey, la tafatiray, laguna tarjumay, faallo, 1-5, University of Chicago Press . 
* El-sayed, Mahfouz (2010). &quot;Aminemhat IV au ouadi Gaouasis&quot; . BIFAO . 110 : 165–173. 
* Fattovich, Rodolfo. 1991. &quot;Dhibaatada Punt ee laydhkii Shaqada dhowaan ka dhacay Bariga Suudaan&quot;. Gudaha ''Akten des vierten internationalen Ägyptologen Kongresses, München 1985'', waxaa tafatiray Sylvia Schoske. Xajmiga 4 of 4 vols Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag. 257–272. 
* ———. 1993. &quot;Punt: Aragtida Archaeological&quot;. Gudaha ''Sesto congresso internazionale de egittologia: Atti'', waxaa tafatiray Gian Maria Zaccone iyo Tomaso Ricardi di Netro. Xajmiga 2 of 2 vols Torino: Italgas. 399- 405. 
* Herzog, Rolf. 1968. ''Punt'' . Abhandlungen des Deutsches Archäologischen Instituts Kairo, Ägyptische Reihe 6. Glückstadt: Verlag JJ Augustin. 
* Kitchen, Kenneth (1971), &quot;Punt iyo Sida loo Helo&quot;, Orientalia, 40 : 184-207 
* Kitchen, Kenneth (1993), &quot;The Land of Punt&quot;, in Shaw, Thurstan; Sinclair, Paul; Andah, Bassey; et al. (eds. ), Archeology-ga Afrika: Cunnooyinka, Birta, Magaalooyinka, 20, London iyo New York: Rout nkwa, pp.   587-608 . 
* Meeks, Dimitri (2003), &quot;Locating Punt&quot;, in O'Connor, David B.; Quirke, Stephen G. J. (eds. ), Dhulka Farshaxanka ah, Ku dhiirrigelinta Masar qadiimiga ah, 5, London: Machadka Archeology, University College London, Jaamacadda College London Press, pp.   53–80, ISBN   &lt;bdi&gt; ),  &lt;/bdi&gt; . 
* Paice, Patricia (1992), &quot;The Punt Relief, the Pithom Stela, and the Periplus of the Erythean Sea&quot;, in Harrak, Amir (ed. ), Xidhiidhada u dhexeeya Dhaqammada: Waraaqaha la soo xulay ee ka soo baxay Shirweynihii Caalamiga ahaa ee 33aad ee Aasiya iyo Waqooyiga Afrika Daraasadda, Toronto, 15-25 Agoosto 1990, 1, Lewiston, Queenston, iyo Lampeter: Edwin Mellon Press, pp.   227–235 . 
* O'Connor, David (1994), ''Qadiimiga Nubia: Rabshada Masar ee Afrika'', Jaamacadda Pennsylvania Press, pp. &amp;nbsp; 41–44. 
* Wicker, FDP (Luulyo, 1998), &quot;Wadada loo maro Punt&quot;, ''joornaalada joqoraafi ahaaneed.'' Xajmiga 164, Maya. 2. 155-167 

== Suugaanta gaboobay  ==

* Johannes Dümichen : ''Die Flotte einer ägyptischen Königin'', Leipzig, 1868. 
* Wilhelm Max Müller : ''Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern'', Leipzig, 1893. 
* Adolf Erman : ''Noloshii qadiimiga Masar'', London, 1894. 
* Édouard Naville : &quot;Deir-el-Bahri&quot; ee ''Sanduuqa Sahaminta'' ee ''Masar, Memoirs XII, XIII, XIV, iyo XIX'', London, 1894 et seq. 
* James Henry Breasted: ''Taariikhda Masriyiintii hore'', New York, 1908. 
{{Portal|Africa}}

* 
*
*&quot;Ancient African History: The Land of Punt&quot; Archived from asalka 8dii Agoosto 2007. xigashooyinka ka yimid Breasted (1906) iyo Petrie (1939)
* [http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/edwards/pharaohs/pharaohs-8.html Boqoradda Hatasu, iyo Socdaalkii ay ku tagtay dhulka Punt] {{Wayback|url=http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/edwards/pharaohs/pharaohs-8.html |date=20230506221249 }} ee Amelia Ann Blanford Edwards (1891) 
* &quot;Deir el-Bahri: Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut&quot; . Waxa laga keydiyay asalka 30 Noofambar 2012. 
* &quot;Hall of Punt&quot; . Archived from asalka 22-kii Oktoobar 2016. Deir el-Bahri 
* &quot;Where was Punt?&quot;  &quot;Where was Punt?&quot; Archived from asalka 5-tii Maarso 2016. wadahadal uu sameeyay Dr. Karl H. Leser 
* [http://digilander.libero.it/camdic/QUEEN.html Boqoradda Punt syndrome] {{Wayback|url=http://digilander.libero.it/camdic/QUEEN.html |date=20230115150607 }} 

== Warbixinnada wararka ee ku saabsan Qodista Qodayaasha Wadi Gawasis ==

* [http://www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/2005/03-18/archaeologist.html Archaeologists waxay ogaadaan maraakiibta qadiimiga ah ee Masar] (Buundada Jaamacadda Boston, 18 Maarso 2005). Qoditaannada Wadi Gawasis, laga yaabee dekeddii hore ee Masaarida Saaw. 
* [https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7190 Waxa hadhaagii maraakiibta badda Masar ee qadiimka ahaa la helay] {{Wayback|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7190 |date=20081008041436 }} (Saynisyahano cusub, 23-Mar-2005). 
* &quot;Sailing to distant lands&quot; . Al Ahram. 2 Juun 2005. Waxa laga keydiyay asalka 23 Sebtember 2012. 
* &quot;Ancient ship remains are unearthed&quot; . Wakiilka Warfaafinta Deutsche. 26 Janawari 2006. Waxa laga keydiyay asalka 8 Disember 2012. 
* [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/11705263/#.WRCLpbzyv1I 4,000 sano jir ah markab dusha laga saaray Masar] (MSNBC, 6 Maarso 2006).


== Sidoo kale fiiri[Wax ka bedel | wax ka bedel xogta] ==

* [[Saldanadii Cadal]]
* [[Boqortooyadii Walashma]]
* [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]]

&lt;br /&gt;


==  '''Maqaalo Soomaaliya''' ==
{{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}}
[[Category:Soomaalidii hore]]
[[Category:Gumud]]
[[Category:Taariikh]]
[[Category:Soomaaliya]]
[[Category:Juquraafi]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:punt}}
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| embed           = yes
| genre           = {{flatlist|
* [[Casri R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/madison-beer-home-with-you-official-music-video-watch-justin-bieber-a8396741.html|title=Madison Beer interview: Read our Q&amp;A and watch the new video for her sultry track 'Home With You'|work=[[The Independent]]|date=June 14, 2018|access-date=February 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Muusikada pop|pop]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Pitch&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/madison-beer-life-support/|title=Pitchfork Review|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|last=Blum|first=Dani|date=February 26, 2021|accessdate=March 19, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| instrument      = Cod
| label           = {{flatlist|
* [[Island Records|Island]]
* [[First Access Entertainment|First Access]]
* [[Epic Records|Epic]]
}}
| associated_acts = [[K/DA]]
| website         = {{URL|www.madisonbeer.com}}
}}}}

'''Madison Elle Beer'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Elite&quot; /&gt; (dhashay Maarso 5, 1999&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=My precious baby turns 21 today - Twitter |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/madisonbeer/status/1235629217317924864 |access-date=2021-09-10 |archive-date=2021-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506045620/https://mobile.twitter.com/madisonbeer/status/1235629217317924864 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;) is  fanaanad Maraykan ah iyo [[Caanka internetka|shakhsiyadda internetka]]. Waxay ku dhalatay qoys [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudi]] ah oo ku nool [[New York]], waxay biloowday inay fiidiyowyo heesaheeda ah ku dhejiso [[YouTube]] horaantii 2012. Beer waxay heshay warbaahin aad u badan markii [[Justin Bieber]] uu dhejiyay xiriiriyaha mid ka mid ah fiidiyowyadeeda. Waxay siidaysay hees ugu horreeyay, &quot;Melodies&quot;, ee 2013.

== Nolosha shaqsiyeed ==
Beer ayaa bishii Maarso 2020 toos u sheegtay [[TikTok]] in ay tahay [[labada jinsi]] waxayna soo baxday qiyaastii 2016–2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://O3RvuFwhQ4A Madison Beer talking about her bisexuality]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.instagram.com/p/B-DqvIDAply/?utm_medium=copy_link &quot;Madison Beer Updates on Instagram: &quot;#MadisonBeer in her live at Tik Tok talking about her bisexuality, two days ago.&quot; ']. &lt;/ref&gt; Waxay sidoo kale hore u sheegtay inay jeclaatay haweeney.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.insider.com/who-is-madison-beer-fun-facts-2020-7 &quot;20 things you probably didn't know about Madison Beer&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;

Beer wuxuu xiriir la lahaa Jack Gilinsky ee Jack &amp; Jack laga bilaabo 2015 illaa 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.popsugar.com/node/47206780 &quot;Jack Gilinsky&quot;]. &lt;/ref&gt; Waxay sidoo kale xiriir gaaban la yeelatay Brooklyn Beckham ka dib markii ay kala tagtay Gilinsky, iyada oo u nisbeynaysa cidhiidhiga xiriirka cidhiidhiga masaafada, &quot;Ma samayn karo masaafo dheer&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.popsugar.com/node/47206778 &quot;Brooklyn Beckham&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka dib, dabayaaqadii 2017, waxay ku jirtay xiriir Zack Bia oo shidnaa ilaa iyo horraantii 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.popsugar.com/node/47206779 &quot;Zack Bia&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;

Beer waxay la halgamaysay arrimaha caafimaadka dhimirka intii ay noolayd oo dhan, waxayna sheegtay in baraha bulshada iyo internetku ay gacan ka geysteen arrimaheeda, iyada oo ka qortay heesta &quot;Dear Society&quot; ah arrimaha bulshadu u keento.  Waxay mar hore isku dayday inay nafteeda waxyeello u geysato, waxaana laga helay [[Khalkhalka xadka shakhsiyadeed|xanuunka shaqsiyeed soohdinta]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.buzzfeed.com/natashajokic1/madison-beer-life-support-interview &quot;Madison Beer Opened Up About Her Debut Album, Mental Health, And Why She Mostly Stays Off TikTok&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;

Beer waxay sheegaysaa in dhiirrigelinta muusigeeda iyo heesaheeda qorista ay yihiin [[Lana Del Rey]], [[Daft Punk]], [[Melanie Martinez]] iyo [[Ariana Grande]]. Markii la weydiiyay haddii ay dhiirrigelisay Grande, oo ah su'aal si weyn looga dooday internetka, Beer ayaa ku jawaabay &quot;Waxaan ula jeedaa, waad ogtahay in Ariana [Grande] ay ka mid ahayd dadka aan ugu jeclaa weligay in badan oo ka mid ah xirfadayda iyo, xitaa wax yar uun ka hor xirfadayda, sidaa darteed waan hubaa inay xaqiiqdii saamayn igu yeelatay, wax badan.&quot; intaa ku daray, &quot;Laakiin, waan necbahay sheekadan aniga iyo iyada [Ariana Grande] la riixayo, waad ogtahay, inay u egtahay wax tartankan ah, sida kan oo kale waa qof aan caabudayo iyo qof aan raadinayo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Madison Beer Breaks Down Her Debut Album &quot;Life Support&quot; + Relationships, Album #2 &amp; More.&lt;/ref&gt; Beer wuxuu hadda deggan yahay [[Los Angeles]].

== Tixraacyada ==


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    <title>Abokor muuse</title>
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 &lt;br&gt;  |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4    ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans  &lt;!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! --&gt;}}

'''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر  ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]].

== Overview ==
The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.&lt;/ref&gt; is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9781135751753&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.&lt;/ref&gt;.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.&lt;ref&gt;Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tariikhda ==
===Nasabka ===
Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.&lt;ref&gt;I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 &amp; 42&lt;/ref&gt;

===Xiliyadii Dhexe===
Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;مخطوطات-24 &gt; بهجة الزمان &gt; الصفحة رقم 16&quot;. makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].&lt;ref&gt;Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9782845864924&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].&lt;/blockquote&gt;

[[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]]

Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.&lt;ref&gt;Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Beesha  Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka&lt;ref&gt;The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62&quot;. 1849&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.&lt;ref&gt;Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen  qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka.

[[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]]

Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.&lt;ref&gt;Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.&lt;/blockquote&gt; 

Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah.

===Baranches and Subclans===
Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. 

Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]''

Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.)  ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]]

===Saltanate of Abokor Musa===
Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda.

Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida.

==Distribution==
Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay.

Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha.

Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka.

Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah.

==Clan tree==
A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below:

{{Tree list}}
*Daoud (Eidagalle)
***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban)
****Salieban Abokor
*****Mohammad Salieban
******Saleiban Mohamed
*******Yousuf Saleiban
********Osman Yusuf
********Said Yusuf
********Mohamed Yusuf
*******Arralleh Saleiban 
********Ali Arralle
********Saleiban Arralle
*********Abokor Saleiban
**********Abdalleh Abokor
***********Saleiban Abdalle
************Osman Saleiban 
*************Wa'eys Osman
*************Mahamoud Wais
*************Arralleh Wais
*************Hussein wais
**********Saleiban Abokor
***********Warfa Saleiban
***********Arrale Saleiban
***********Farah Saleiban
***********Mahamoud Saleiban
**********Ibrahim Abokor
***********Mohamed Ibrahim
************Jibril Mohamed 
************Salah Mohamed 
*************Osman Salah
**************Abokor Osman 
***************Hassan Abokor
****************Muuse Hassan
****************Laqshe Hassan
****************Basiralle Hassan 
****************Dhimbil Hassan
*****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil'''
******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie)
******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah)
******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled)
******************Musa Mohamed
*******************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe)
*******************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden)
*****************'''Muuse Dhimbil'''
******************Abdalle Muse
*******************Muse Abdalle 
********************Mahamoud Muuse 
*********************Shirdon Mohamoud 
*********************Hildiid Mohamoud 
**********************Ali Hildiid 
**********************Geedi Hildiid
**********************Hersi Hildiid
********************Abdalleh Muuse 
*********************Jibirl Abdalle
**********************Saeed Jibril
***********************Abdi Said
************************Salah Abdi
************************Roble Abdi
**********************Hersi Jibril
***********************Ahmed Hersi
***********************Abdalle Hersi
**********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil)
***********************Hersi Kalil
***********************Egal Kalil
***********************Wais Kalil
***********************Ali kalil
************************Said Ali
************************Koshin Ali
************************Arale Ali
************************Osman Ali
************************Guled Ali
************************Amare Ali
************************Boqorreh Ali 
**********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan)
***********************Aden Mohamed 
************************Benin Aden
************************Nour Aden
************************Ali Aden
************************Adan Aden
**********************Abdi Jibril 
***********************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi)
************************Issa Ali
************************Hussein Ali
************************Mumin Ali
************************Naleye Ali
***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur)
************************Ismail Nour
************************Hersi Nour
************************Gabal Nour
************************Mohamed Nour
***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) 
************************Naleye Benin
************************Ahmed Benin
************************Hersi Benin
************************Warfa Benin
************************Samter Benin
************************Abdi Benin
************************Fatah Benin
************************Aden Benin
************************Dirie Benin
************************Farah Benin
************************Dahir Benin
************************Arale Benin
************************Guled Benin
************************Shirwa Benin
************************Abane Benin
************************Abdille Benin
************************Yusuf Benin
************************Arale Benin
************************Roble Benin
************************Osman Benin
***********************Abdille Abdi
************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab)
*************************Ismail Gallab
*************************Asker Gallab
***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye)
************************Gulled Eiye 
************************Sharmake Eiye 
***********************Mohamed Abdille
************************Ahmed Mohamed
*************************Samter Ahmed 
*************************Ziyad Ahmed
*************************Mayle Ahmed
*************************Elmi Ahmed
*************************Warfa Ahmed
*************************Geedi Ahmed
*************************Amanle Ahmed
*************************Food Ahmed
*************************Roble Ahmed
*************************Ainanshe Ahmed 
*************************Wais Ahmed 
*************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh)
**************************Ismail Dhible
**************************Barre Dhible
*************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali)
*************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) 
**************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie)
**************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh)
******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil'''
********************Musa Ahmed
********************Osman Ahmed
********************Liban Ahmed
*********************Abdi Liban 
**********************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail)
**********************Mohammed Abdi 
***********************Sarar Mohamed
***********************Ahmed Mohamed 
**********'''Aden Abokor'''
*************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl)
**************Mahamoud Awal
**************Hussien Awal
**************Farah Awal
**************Abdi Awal
*************Hassan Aden
**************Ziyad Hassan
**************Odawa Hasaan
**************Ladon Hassan
**************Abdalle Hassan
***************Ali Abdalle
***************Abdi Abdalle 
***************Ahmed Abdalle
****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas)
****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal)
****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi)
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures== 
* Mahamoud Ismail Gabush  – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader
* Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet.
* Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War.
*Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. 
* Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer 
* Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder.
*Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. 
* Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning 
* Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border
* Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health
* Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader 
* Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist   
* Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer.
* Abdishakur Roble  Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland.
* Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia 
* Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot  
* Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city
* Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader.
* Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician
* Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard
* Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader
* Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship
* Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia 
* Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Kylie Bax</title>
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      <text bytes="5109" sha1="3tbw09pxr8mbymb5h3ms3xrb8gi50tj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox model
| name             = Kylie Bax
| image            = Kylie Bax 2012 (cropped).jpg
| caption          = Bax sanadkii 2012
| birth_place      = [[Thames, New Zealand|Thames]], [[Waikato]], New Zealand
| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|df=y|1975|01|05}}
| height           = {{convert|1.78|m|ftin|2|abbr=on}}
| hair_color       = Hurdi
| eye_color        = Cawlan/Cagaar
| children         = 3
| agency           = {{Plainlist|
* [[Maamulka Haweenka]] (New York)
* [[Maamulka Model Elite]] (Amsterdam) 
* Maamulka Hore (Miami)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://models.com/models/kylie-bax|title=Kylie Bax – Model|website=MODELS.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; }}
}}
'''Kylie Bax''' (waxay dhalatay 5 Janaayo 1975) waa New Zealand ku saleysan moodeel iyo jilaa. Waxay ka soo muuqatay daboolka joornaalka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan Vogue iyo Marie Claire . Intii lagu guda jiray labaataneeyadii, Bax waxay lahayd door taageero ah oo ku saabsan ficilada iyo filimada majaajilada ah.
==Nolosha gaarka ah==
Bax waxay ku kortay beerta fardaha waalidkeed ee Thames, New Zealand . Laga bilaabo 2015, Bax iyo ninkeeda oo ay kala tageen waxaa ka dhexeeyey furriin muran badan  2016 iyo 2017, waxay si cad u taageertay doorashadii Donald Trump ee madaxweynaha Maraykanka 
==Xirfadda qaabaynta==
[[File:Bill_Clinton_and_Donald_Trump_at_the_U.S._Open_in_2000,_Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park.jpg|thumb|Bax (bidix) oo uu la socdo Donald Trump, Bill Clinton (waqtigaas madaxweynaha Mareykanka), iyo Melania Knauss (mustaqbalka Trump) ee US Open 2000, Flushing, New York]]
Markii ay ahayd boqorad qurux badan, Bax waxaa markii ugu horreysay laga helay xarun laga dukaameysto oo New Zealand ah wakiil ka socda wakaaladda naqshadeynta ee Clyne Model Management. Ka dib markii ay ogaatay awoodeeda suuq-geyneed sida moodeelka moodada, waxay isla markiiba u guurtay New York si ay ugu shaqeyso moodel ahaan. Bax wuxuu noqday ilaaliyaha Steven Meisel . Waxay sii waday inay la shaqeyso sawir qaadayaasha ugu sarreeya sida Karl Lagerfeld , Helmut Newton , iyo Richard Avedon . Markii la ogaaday, waxay noqotay guul ku dayasho caalami ah, iyada oo la saxeexatay Haweenka New York , Marilyn ee Paris , iyo Storm ee London . Waxay ka soo muuqatay dhowr majaladaha caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan Vogue , Marie Claire , Harper's Bazaar &amp; Mode Australia, Maxim , Vanity Fair iyo ELLE . Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay in ka badan labaatan daboolka Vogue adduunka oo dhan.

Sannadkii 2000, Bax waxa uu ka soo muuqday Isboortiga Illustrated Swimsuit Arrinta . Waxay ka soo muuqatay ololaha xayaysiinta ee alaabada sida Club Monaco , Anna Sui , Clinique , Ann Taylor , DKNY , Escada , Gianfranco Ferre , Giorgio Armani , Louis Vuitton , Oscar de la Renta , Sonia Rykiel , Versace , Moschino , Nars , iyo Valentino . Waxay ka soo muuqatay catwalks guryaha moodada sare sida Moschino , Oscar de la Renta , Chanel , Christian Dior , Christian Lacroix , iyo Valentino , Gucci , Galliano, Donna Karan , Cynthia Rowley , Calvin Klein , Joop , Alexander McQueen , Phillip Treacy, Karl Chlohlo , King Praferenda , Karl Lagereda Studios, iyo Miu Miu .

Sannadkii 2006dii, Bax ayaa dacweeyay joornaalka ragga ee Faransiiska Max Magazine ka dib markii ay u adeegsatay sawirro naaso qaawan oo iyada ku duuban joornaalkeeda. Ma jiraan sawirro iyada oo ku dhex jiray daabacaadda. Dacwadeeda ayaa soo xigtay in &quot;dabeecada galmada ee sawiradu ay tahay mid aan waafaqsanayn sawirka ay raadineysay inay horumariso&quot;. Sawirada waxaa la qaaday qiyaastii lix sano ka hor, iyadana wax magdhow ah looma siin isticmaalkooda Max Magazine. Sawir qaadaha ayaa loo xaqiijiyay inaan la daabicin doonin ogolaansho la'aanteed.
==Xirfadda jilitaanka==
Intii u dhaxaysay 1999 iyo 2005, Bax waxa uu door caawimo ah ku qaatay sideed filim oo kala duwan.
===Filmography===
*Tennis, qof kasta...? (2005) sida Christy

*Ka gudub (2001) sida Dora Lynn Tisdale

*Cadar (2001) sida Maitre D'

*Wiilasha iyo Gabdhaha (2000) sida Supermodel

*Jill Rips (2000) sida Serena

*Waxaan guursaday Margo (2000) sida Margo

*The Big Tease (1999) sida Stig's Hair Model

*Storm Catcher (1999) sida Jessica Holloway
==Tixraac==
[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/media-publishing-industry/news/article.cfm?c_id=707&amp;objectid=10409410 &quot;Kylie Bax waxay dacwaysay sawirro aan sare lahayn&quot;]

[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/racing/news/article.cfm?c_id=53&amp;objectid=10618039 &quot;Supermodel Kylie waxa ay haysataa sabab ay ku farxdo maalinta tartanka carnival-ka ee u dambeeya&quot;]

[https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&amp;objectid=11540520 &quot;Kylie Bax waxay dib ugu soo laabatay maxkamad iyada iyo ninkeedii hore&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&amp;objectid=11540520 |date=20181016034045 }}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202131134/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2017/01/the-kiwi-supermodel-friends-with-trump.html &quot;The Kiwi supermodel saaxiibada Trump&quot;]

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons|Category:Kylie Bax|Kylie Bax}}
[[imdbname:0004727|Kylie Bax]]

[https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/kylie_bax/ Kylie Bax]</text>
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    <title>Daphne Groeneveld</title>
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| name          = Daphne Groeneveld
| image         = Daphne Groeneveld Fashion Week SS2012 (cropped).jpg
| caption       = Groeneveld sanadkii 2012
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1994|12|24}}
| birth_place   = [[Leiderdorp]], [[South Holland]], [[The Netherlands]]
| height        = {{height|m=1.80}}&lt;ref name=traffic&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.trafficmodels.com/women/mainboard/3930-daphne-groeneveld/|title = DAPHNE GROENEVELD - Traffic Models}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| haircolor     = Blonde&lt;ref name=traffic/&gt;
| eyecolor      = Blue&lt;ref name=traffic/&gt;
| agencies      = {{Plainlist|  
* [[Libaaxyada (wakalada)|Libaaxyada]] (New York City) 
* Model Taraafik (Barcelona) 
* Model Scoop (Copenhagen)
* Modellink (Gothenburg)
* Maamulka Bloom (Amsterdam) (mother agency)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://models.com/models/daphne-groeneveld|title=Daphne Groeneveld - Model|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; }}
|years_active = 2010–hada
}}
'''Daphne Groeneveld''' (wuxuu dhashay 24 Diseembar 1994) waa moodel Nederlaan ah oo sida ugu wanaagsan loogu yaqaanay inuu ka soo muuqdo daboolka 2010 ee Diseembar/Janaayo ee Vogue Paris oo ay weheliso Tom Ford , oo loo arko inuu yahay mid heersare ah oo ay leeyihiin khubarada moodada qaarkood iyo tafatirayaasha joornaalka. Iyadu hadda waa wejiga Jean Paul Gaultier Classique Fragrance iyo Tom Ford Beauty.
==Xirfad==
Groeneveld waxaa helay wakiilkeeda Maareynta Bloom, kaasoo waydiiyay inay waligeed ku fikirtay qaabaynta.  Iyadoo xilligeedii ugu horeeyay ee ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan uu ahaa Xiligii Dayrta/Jiilaalka 2010 ee Milan, shaqadeeda waxa ay kacday xilligeedii Dayrta/Jiilaalka 2011 kadib. Waxa lagu abaalmariyey magaca Model Nederlandka ugu Fiican ee Marie Claire Netherlands Fashion Awards ee 2011. 
Waxay ka soo muuqatay daboolka Faransiis, Dutch, Ruush, Jabbaan, Kuuriyaan, iyo Thai Vogue , British iyo French Elle , Spanish Harper's Bazaar , Faransiis, Ruush iyo Japanese Numéro , V , iD , JACAYLKA , Glamour , Korean W iyo majaladaha madax-bannaan ee badan.
Groeneveld wuxuu u socday Gucci , Fendi , Carolina Herrera , Marc Jacobs , Anna Sui , Chanel , Donna Karan , Emilio Pucci , Etro , Max Mara , Dior , Jason Wu , John Galliano , Loewe , Karl Lagerfeld , Lanvin , Vera Wang Gabba , Dolce , Dolce Giorgio Armani , Oscar de la Renta , Louis Vuitton , Prada , Roberto Cavalli , Shiatzy Chen , Versace , Yeezy , Jeremy Scott , Jean Paul Gaultier , Moschino , Mugler , Rochas , Anna Sui si loo magacaabo dhowr.

Waxay ka soo muuqatay ololaha xayaysiinta ee Tom Ford , Miu Miu , Louis Vuitton , Givenchy , Dior , Jean Paul Gaultier , Calvin Klein , Roberto Cavalli , DSquared2 , Jill Stuart , Barneys New York , H&amp;M iyo Jean Paul Gaultier .
Laga bilaabo Maajo 2017 , waxay ku jirtay darajada Hablaha Lacagta ee Models.com.
==Tixraac==
[http://www.trafficmodels.com/women/mainboard/3930-daphne-groeneveld/ &quot;DAPHNE GROENEVELD - Qaababka Taraafiga&quot;]

[https://models.com/models/daphne-groeneveld &quot;Daphne Groeneveld - Model&quot;]

[https://archive.today/20120918045526/http://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-starscelebsmodels/new-faces/2010/05/daphne-groeneveld &quot;Daphne Groeneveld - Vogue.it]

[https://models.com/oftheminute/?p=30470 &quot;The Elusive and Exclusive Daphne Groeneveld | Minute&quot;]

[https://www.lexicy.com/2023/06/daphne-groeneveld.html &quot;Daphne Groeneveld Model Off Dutch, Fashion, muuqaalka muuqaalka&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexicy.com/2023/06/daphne-groeneveld.html |date=20230625025515 }}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons|Category:Daphne Groeneveld|Daphne Groeneveld}}
[[imdbname:6433079|Daphne Groeneveld]]

[https://models.com/models/daphne-groeneveld Daphne Groeneveld]</text>
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      <text bytes="2681" sha1="lwxbhhjcnqlxjdqj384sdjg5cyquzwc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = Honorable
| name                = Jibrin Ndagi Baba
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| birth_date          = {{birth-date and age|1979|}}
| birth_place         = [[Niger State]], Nigeria
| death_date          = 
| office              = Ku-simaha afhayeenka [[Aqalka Baarlamaanka ee Gobolka Niger]]
| constituency        = [[Lavun|Lavun constituency]]
| office1             = 
| termstart           = 23 July 2020
| predecessor         = [[Bako Kassim Alfa]]
| successor           = 
| education           = 
| occupation          = [[legislature]]
}}
'''Jibrin Ndagi Baba''' (wuxuu dhashay 1979) waa siyaasi iyo xubin Golaha Baarlamaanka Gobolka Niger oo matalaya deegaanka Lavun ee heer sharci dejinta Gobolka Waxa uu ku bedelay Bako Kasim Alfa gudoomiye ku xigeenka aqalka baarlamaanka ee gobolka Niger ka dib markii uu ku dhawaaqay in uu iska casilay xilkii gudoomiye ku xigeenkii baarlamaanka sababo aan la shaacin. 

Waxaa loo magacaabay inuu noqdo ku-simaha Bako Kasim Alfa Gambo Sulaiman Rabiu oo laga soo doorto Paikoro Constituency waxaana ku xigay Saleh Ibrahim Alhaji oo laga soo doorto deegaanka Kontagora II. 
==Julaay 23, 2020 kulanka kalfadhiga guud==
Jibrin Baba ayaa 23-kii July 2020 fadhigii guud ee Khamiislaha ahaa ee Khamiista, waxa uu mooshin ka keenay labada hoggaamiye ee aqlabiyadda ah ee la doortay iyo ku xigeenkiisa in xilka laga xayuubiyo sababo la xiriira kalsooni la'aan isagoo xubin ka ah laba xafiis oo maamuleed.
==Xusuusin==
[https://dailypost.ng/2020/07/23/breaking-niger-assembly-deputy-speaker-resigns/ &quot;Guddoomiye ku xigeenkii baarlamaanka Niger oo is casilay&quot;]

[https://ab-tc.com/niger-state-assembly-deputy-speaker-resigns/ &quot;Guddoomiye ku xigeenkii baarlamaanka gobolka Niger oo is casilay&quot;]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[https://ait.live/niger-state-house-of-assembly-elects-new-deputy-speaker/ &quot;Aqalka Baarlamaanka Dalka Niger Oo Doortay Guddoomiye Ku Xigeenka Cusub&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://ait.live/niger-state-house-of-assembly-elects-new-deputy-speaker/ |date=20251107124231 }}

[https://www.legit.ng/1350275-niger-assembly-deputy-speaker-resigns-elected.html &quot;Aqalka baarlamaanka Niger ayaa doortay guddoomiye ku xigeen cusub kadib markii uu iscasilay Alfa&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20210115073705/https://freshfmnigeria.com/niger-assembly-sacks-2-principal-officers/ &quot;Baarlamaanka Niger oo shaqada ka ceyriyay 2 sarkaal oo madax ah]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20210520021720/https://fresh1069fm.com/niger-assembly-sacks-2-principal-officers/ Baarlamaanka Niger oo shaqada ka ceyriyay 2 sarkaal oo madax ah]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adriaan Diedericks</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1901" sha1="pr3yzuukq82clux6p16ikup4cg9ig97" xml:space="preserve">'''Adriaan Hermanus Diedericks''' (wuxuu dhashay 1 Noofambar 1990, Cape Town , Koonfur Afrika) waa farshaxane Koonfur Afrikaan ah. Waa la yaqaan. farshaxankiisa naxaasta ah ee casriga ah.
==Xirfad==
Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay shahaadada fanka ee Jaamacadda Stellenbosch ee 2012 , wuxuu bartay Lionel Smit laga bilaabo 2013 ilaa 2014 . Diedericks ayaa lagu martiqaaday inuu ka qayb qaato Bandhiga Farshaxanka Strasbourg iyo Cologne.
Waxaa lagu soo bandhigay daabacado badan oo ay ku jiraan SA Art Times ,  Biilka ugu sarreeya , Effe O'Arte , Visi, Die Burger , Nolosha Dalka , Ubi Bene iyo SLOW Magazine. 
Diedericks waxa uu furay aasaaska shubka naxaasta 2016 ee Strand, Koonfur Afrika.
2017, Diedericks waxa uu ka soo qayb galay 4th International Artist Symposium oo ay weheliyaan 9 farshaxan oo kale oo adduunka ka socda oo ka dhacay Matxafka Villa Böhm ee Jarmalka halkaas oo uu markii ugu horreysay ka soo shaqeeyay dhagax ciid
Diedericks wuxuu dhigay farshaxanno dadweyne oo waaweyn Stellenbosch , Hermanus , Franschhoek iyo Rhineland-Palatinate, Jarmalka .
==Tixraac==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011156/https://franschhoek.org.za/event/solo-exhibition-by-adriaan-diedericks-perceptive-resonance-at-art-in-the-yard/ &quot;Franschhoek Wine Valley | Bandhiga Solo ee Adriaan Diedericks &quot;Perceptive Resonance&quot; ee Art in the Yard&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011946/https://www.art.co.za/news/the-character-of-concrete-ppc-young-concrete-sculptors-awards-2013.php &quot;Dabeecada la taaban karo - PPC Abaalmarinta Sawir-qaadayaasha Da'da yar ee 2013 - Art.co.za Art Blog - Wararka&quot;]

[http://www.topbilling.com/articles/Sculpting-masterpieces-with-Adriaan-Diedericks-.html?articleID=3112 &quot;Farshaxannada farshaxanimada ee Adriaan Diedericks] {{Wayback|url=http://www.topbilling.com/articles/Sculpting-masterpieces-with-Adriaan-Diedericks-.html?articleID=3112 |date=20251018162644 }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tinus de Jongh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1845" sha1="bcakaeg7sezv14v1spq889fswtyx1ab" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name          =  Tinus de Jongh
| image         = &lt;!-- filename only, no &quot;File:&quot; or &quot;Image:&quot; prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt;
| alt           = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Martinus Johannes &quot;Tinus&quot; de Jongh
| birth_date    = 31 January 1885
| birth_place   = [[Amsterdam]]
| death_date    = 17 July 1942
| death_place   = [[Bloemfontein]]
| nationality   = Dutch
| other_names   = 
| occupation    = Rinjiile
| years_active  = 
| known_for     = 
| notable_works = 
}}
'''Martinus Johannes &quot;Tinus&quot; de Jongh''' (31 Janaayo 1885 gudaha Amsterdam - 17 Luulyo 1942 ee Bloemfontein ) wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah rinjiyeyaashii ugu caansan Koonfur Afrika .
==Xirfad==
Is-baridda, wuxuu bilaabay xirfaddiisa sida qurxinta ee Nederland , ka dibna wuxuu raacay rinjiyeynta waqti-buuxa ah. Waxa uu helay xoogaa qoraal ah markii Matxafka Stedelijk ee Amsterdam uu iibsaday mid ka mid ah sawirradiisii ​​hore. Waxa uu yimid Koonfur Afrika 1921-kii, isaga oo ku dhaqma qaab miyir qab ah oo ka mid ah dhaqanka Nederlandka, oo uu halkaas ku matalay Weli Life with Birds iyo Hare . Iftiinka iyo muuqaalka Koonfur Afrika isla markiiba waxay sababtay inuu ka tago palette palette-kiisa ee aamusan isagoo doorbidaya midabyo badan. Qaabka qaabaysan ee uu u rinjiyeynayey muuqaalada Cape ee leh guryo-beerado leh ayaa abuuray baahi noocaas ah oo uu ka tagay burushkiisii ​​​​fikirka ahaa isagoo door biday farsamo mindi palette oo ballaadhan . Hal -abuurkiisa waxa uu boqollaal ka iibiyay ganacsadihiisii ​​Louis Woolf.
==Tixraac==
[https://tinusdejongh.co.za/tinus-de-jongh/ Tinus De Jongh Gallery Farshaxan] {{Wayback|url=https://tinusdejongh.co.za/tinus-de-jongh/ |date=20250424030447 }}

[http://sahistory.org.za/ sahisttory.org.za]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marcel Loncle</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2189" sha1="alytd6mpo0spge4xjbjq47okj4u4ptz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
| name                = Marcel Loncle
| image               =
| fullname            =
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1936|1|5|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Saint-Malo]], Faransiiska
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2026|1|23|1936|1|5|df=y}}
| death_place         =
| height              = {{height|m=1.72|precision=0}}
| position            = [[Midfielder|Khadka dhexe]]
| currentclub         =
| clubnumber          =
| youthyears1         =
| youthclubs1         =
| years1              = 1956–1961
| years2              = 1961–1965
| clubs1              = [[Angers SCO]]
| clubs2              = [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]]
| caps1               =
| goals1              =
| nationalyears1      = 1965
| nationalteam1       = [[France national football team|Faransiiska]]
| nationalcaps1       = 2
| nationalgoals1      = 0
}}
​'''Marcel Loncle''' (5 Janaayo 1936 – 23 Janaayo 2026) wuxuu ahaa ciyaaryahan [[association football|kubbadda cagta]] oo u dhashay dalka Faransiiska kaasoo u soo ciyaaray kooxaha [[Angers SCO]] iyo [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]], iyo sidoo kale [[France national football team|xulka qaranka Faransiiska]]. Wuxuu qayb ka ahaa xulkii Faransiiska ee ka qayb galay [[1960 Summer Olympics|Ciyaarihii Olombikada ee 1960]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/25127 |title=Marcel Loncle |work=Olympedia |access-date=12 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loncle wuxuu dhintay bishii Janaayo 2026, isagoo jira da'da 90 sano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Figure du Stade Rennais et du football malouin, Marcel Loncle est décédé |url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/sports/football/stade-rennais/figure-du-stade-rennais-et-du-football-malouin-marcel-loncle-est-decede-6970579.php |access-date=23 January 2026 |publisher=Le Télégramme |date=23 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
​
==Tixraac==

{{reflist}}
​
==Xiriirinta dibadda==
​
{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.fff.fr/servfff/historique/historique.php?cherche_joueur=loncle&amp;submit=go Profile-ka ciyaaryahanka ee FFF] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fff.fr/servfff/historique/historique.php?cherche_joueur=loncle&amp;submit=go |date=20040817054804 }}
​{{DEFAULTSORT:Loncle, Marcel}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sixawle karanle</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Cabdi1991</username>
        <id>45021</id>
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      <comment>Sixawle karanle waa qabiil somaliyeed</comment>
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      <text bytes="3758" sha1="omadjumsqs4uupnrxswv0b8t99m4x9m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Sixawle Karanle &lt;br&gt;سيحولي كرانلي
| native_name = بنو كرانلي
| image = [[File:Calanka karanle.jpg|thumb|center|Calanka Karanle]]
| population = 
| region1 = {{flag|Somalia}}
| region2 = {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| region3 = {{flag|Kenya}}
| languages = 
* {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Somalia}}Af-soomaali}}
*{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Arab League}} Af-carabi}}
| religions = Sunni Islam
| related_groups = [[baad buraale]] [[murursade]] [[hawiye]]
}}

'''Sixawle''' ({{lang-ar|بنو سيحولي}}; {{lang-en|Sixawle}}) waa qabiil ka tirsan beesha '''[[Karanle]]''', oo iyaduna hoos timaada beel-weynta '''[[Hawiye]]''', mid ka mid ah lafaha ugu waaweyn ee bulshada [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]].

== Dulmar ==
Sixawle waxaa lagu tiriyaa qabiilada Karanle, iyadoo xogta ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedkooda badanaa ku saleysan yahay dhaqanka iyo afka (oral tradition.

== Qaab-dhismeedka ==
Sidaan kasoo xigtay dhaqanka beesha, Sixawle waxay u kala baxaan:
* '''[[Baad]]'''
* '''Buraale (Sanbure)'''

Jufada Baad waxaa lagu tilmaamaa mid ballaaran oo leh jilibyo badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin:
* Ciye Baad
* Shurbul Baad

=== [[Ciye Baad ]]===
Waxaa ka mid ah jufooyin sida:
=== [[Wargube]] ===
*Reer Cabdi
*Reer Cade Boore
*Reer Qaadi
*Reer Xasan
*iyo faracyo kale 

=== Reer Roon ===
**Reer Fiqi muuse
***Reer Hiraab Fiqi
***Reer Yaxye Fiqi
**Reer Garaad (Caamir)
**Reer Sharmaake
**Reer Dhuubane
***Reer Xaabow Fiqi
**Reer Aw Nuur
***Reer Xuseen Fiqi
* Reer Maxamuud Fiqi
*Reer Jibriil Fiqi
*Reer Dhore Fiqi
*Reer Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan (Luuje)
*Reer Faatax
*Reer Bulaale


=== [[Shurbul Baad]] ===
* Talays
** Reer Faarax
** Reer Geedi
** Reer Cali
** Reer Cabdile Rooble
* Iidfure
** Reer Cabdi
** Reer Xuseen
** Reer Alaale
** Reer Makaail 

=== Buraale (Sanbure) ===
Waxaa ka mid ah:
* Faarax Samatar
* Xasan Faarax
* Cabdille Faarax
* Xaaji Faarax
* Maxamuud Faarax


=== Asal iyo deegaan ===
Sixawle waxaa asal ahaan degaan dhulka somali galbeed bariga [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo sidoo kale laga helo qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]] gaar ahaan jubada dhexe.
[[File:Iimey.jpg|thumb|Iimeey]]
Deegaannada lagu tilmaamo inay deegaan ku yihiin waxaa ka mid ah:
[[File:Magalada dhandhame 20260421 161316 karanle.jpg|thumb|waa D/dhandhame ee Deegaanka somalida kililka shanaad sawir hore]]

* Imi (Iimey)
* Babille Baabili
* Fafi Faafi
* Dhan Dhame (Dhan-dhame)
* Afder Zone|Afdheer
 Iyo waliba deegaano badan
 beeshu waa beel dhib badan madax adag 
Dagaal badan deegaanada ay degan yihiin dadka ladagan iskaba daaye 
Iyagaa mararka qaar birta iska asla, meelaha ay ku yaryihiinna waxay il gaar ah isaga ilaalshaan dadka ay ladagan,yihiin si,qabiil Ahaan aynan uga mid noqon badalkeedna walaltinimo iyo wadajir kuwada jooga
Wixii intaas dhaafsiisanna dhagta dhiiga udara nimaan shantaada kaareebin sharci kaama reebo
Dagaalna will uunbaa kudhinta ee kuma dhasho beelaha Karanle iyaga lasheegto maahee dadyowgooda 
Qabiilo kale masheegtaan in iyaga laga mid noqdo maahee
Qabaail kale kama mid noqdaan:
{{Location map Ethiopia
| width = 300
| float = right
| label = Deegaannada Sixawle
| lat = 5.0
| long = 42.5
| position = right
| caption = Meelaha ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan Sixawle ee Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya
}}

==Dhaqan iyo dhaqaale==
Dhaqanka Beesha Sixawle wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay xoolo-dhaqasho iyo beerasho, iyadoo dhaqaalaha ay umada somali kutiirsan tahay lagu tilmaamo xoolaha nuucyadiisa sida geel, lo’, iyo ari/iwm oo ay kamid yihiin fardaha.

==Nidaamka dhaqanka==
Sida beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed, beesha Sixawle waxay leeyihiin nidaam dhaqameed ku dhisan waxa layiraah:
* Xeer Soomaali oo magta lagu kala qaato geel ama lo'
* wexey leeyihin sidokale Hoggaan dhaqameed sida ugaasyo, garaadyo, iyo nabadoonno</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Beeaha Ali Abdi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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| group            = Rer Ali-Abdi
| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
| regions          = 
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi (Rer Ali-Abbdi)
**Mumin Ali 
***Egal Mumin
***Ziyad Mumin
***Wais Mumin
***Hassan Munin
***Farah Mumin
***Wais Mumin
***Ali Mumin
***Essa Mumin
***Jibril Mumin
***Farah Mumin
***Dahir Mumin
***Guled Mumin 
***Urmah Mumin
****Dhible Urmah
****Ismail Urmah
**Naleye Ali 
***Jama Naleye
***Dualeh Naleye
***Warfa Naleye
***Ahmed Naleye
***Yonis Naleye
***Aden Naleye
***Abdi Naleye
***Geedi Naleye 
***Farah Naleye
***Jibril Naleye 
****Egal Naleye 
****Arralleh Egal
*****Elmi Aralleh
*****Aw-Jama Arralleh 
**Hussein Ali  
***Mohamed Hussein 
****Ali Mohamed
****Abdi Mohamed
****Sead Mohamed
****Warfa Mohamed
****Jibril Mohamed 
****Omar Mohamed 
****Farah Mohamed 
***Nour Hussein 
****Roble Nour
****Dahir Nour 
****Wa'ays Nour
****Ali Nour
****Mohamed Nour
****Ismail Nour
****Gabal Nour
****Ismai Nour
****Yusuf Nour
****Guled Nour
***Jama Hussien 
****Osman jama
****Geedi Jama
****Sead jama
****Hersi jama
****Abdi jama
****Ahmed jama
****Yusuf jama
****Jibril Jama
****Osman Jama
****Abdillahi Jama
****Yusuf jama
****Aden jama
****Egal  Jama
****Muhumoad Jama
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Guled bihi Abdi
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
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      <comment>/* Abtirsiin */</comment>
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| group            = Rer Ali-Abdi
| native_name      = 
| flag             = 
|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}
| regions          = 
| languages        = [[Somali language|Somali]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related  = iyo kuwo kale 
}}
Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. &lt;ref&gt;Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics &amp; Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615&lt;/ref&gt;Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.&lt;ref&gt;A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland &lt;/ref&gt;

==Hordhac ==
Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya.
==Abtirsiin==
{{Tree list}}
*Ali Abdi (Rer Ali-Abbdi)
**Mumin Ali 
***Egal Mumin
***Ziyad Mumin
***Wais Mumin
***Hassan Munin
***Farah Mumin
***Wais Mumin
***Ali Mumin
***Essa Mumin
***Jibril Mumin
***Farah Mumin
***Dahir Mumin
***Guled Mumin 
***Urmah Mumin
****Dhible Urmah
****Ismail Urmah
**Naleye Ali 
***Jama Naleye
***Dualeh Naleye
***Warfa Naleye
***Ahmed Naleye
***Yonis Naleye
***Aden Naleye
***Abdi Naleye
***Geedi Naleye 
***Farah Naleye
***Jibril Naleye 
****Egal Naleye 
****Arralleh Egal
*****Elmi Aralleh
*****Aw-Jama Arralleh 
**Hussein Ali  
***Mohamed Hussein 
****Ali Mohamed
****Abdi Mohamed
****Sead Mohamed
****Warfa Mohamed
****Jibril Mohamed 
****Omar Mohamed 
****Farah Mohamed 
***Nour Hussein 
****Roble Nour
****Dahir Nour 
****Wa'ays Nour
****Ali Nour
****Mohamed Nour
****Ismail Nour
****Gabal Nour
****Ismai Nour
****Yusuf Nour
****Guled Nour
***Jama Hussien 
****Osman jama
****Geedi Jama
****Sead jama
****Hersi jama
****Abdi jama
****Ahmed jama
****Yusuf jama
****Jibril Jama
****Osman Jama
****Abdillahi Jama
****Yusuf jama
****Musa Jama
****Aden jama
****Egal  Jama
****Muhumoad Jama
{{tree list/end}}

==Notable figures==
*Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 
*Guled bihi Abdi
*Almis Omar Sakriye
*Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur
*Mustafe Ali
*Mohamoud ismail Gabush
*Sheikh Harred
*Mohamed Ahmed sulub

==Tixraac==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Biyaha la cabbo iyo fayadhowrka ee Aljeeriya</title>
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      <text bytes="22018" sha1="bqrlncheo4g6od5j8gyz97sjuefnc0y" xml:space="preserve">'''Helitaanka biyaha la cabbo iyo nadaafadda ee Aljeeriya''' waxaa lagu gartaa guulo iyo caqabado. Guulaha waxaa ka mid ah koror weyn oo ku yimid xaddiga biyaha la cabbo ee laga keeno haro-biyoodyada, wareejinta biyaha ee masafada dheer iyo sifaynta biyaha badda iyadoo qiimo jaban lagu siiyo macaamiisha, taasoo ay ku mahadsan tahay dakhliga weyn ee dalku ka helo saliidda iyo gaaska. Tallaabooyinkan ayaa kordhiyey helitaanka biyaha ee qofkiiba in kasta oo dadku ay si degdeg ah u kordhayeen. Guul kale ayaa ah u guuritaanka helitaanka biyaha ee dalka caasimaddiisa Aljeers laga soo bilaabo kuwo goos-goos ah loo beddelay biyo joogto ah sanadkii 2011, iyadoo ay weheliso horumar ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay daawaynta biyaha wasakhda ah taasoo keentay tayada biyaha oo wanaagsanaata ee xeebaha. Guulahan waxaa suurtagaliyay iskaashi dowladda iyo shirkad gaar loo leeyahay oo Faransiis ah oo qaabilsan biyaha.&lt;ref name=SEEAL/&gt; Tirada dhirta daawaynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dalka oo dhan ayaa si degdeg ah uga korortay kaliya 18 sanadkii 2000 iyadoo gaartay 113 sanadkii 2011, iyadoo 96 kale ay dhismo ku jiraan.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa kale oo jira caqabado badan. Mid ka mid ah waa tayada adeegga oo liidata magaalooyin badan oo ka baxsan Aljeers iyadoo 78% dadka ku nool magaalooyinka ay dhibaataysan yihiin [[helitaanka biyaha ee goos-gooska ah]].&lt;ref name=Terra/&gt; Caqabada kale ayaa ah wasakhowga khayraadka biyaha. Waxaa kale oo jiray horumar aan ku filnayn oo ku saabsan dib-u-isticmaalka biyaha la daawayntay, taasoo ah ahmiyad dowladeed oo dalkan qallalan leeyahay.

==Helitaanka==
[[File:Fontaine dans la haute Casbah Alger.JPG|thumb|300px|Isha biyaha dhaqanka ah sida midda ku taal magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Aljeers waxaa lagu beddelayaa tuubooyinka biyaha la cabbo ee guryaha.]]
Sanadkii 2015, dalka Aljeeriya 84% dadka waxay haysteen helitaanka biyo &quot;la hagaajiyey&quot;, 84% iyo 82%, meelaha magaalooyinka iyo miyiga, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sanadkii 2015, waxaa weli jiray ku dhowaad 7 milyan oo aan haysan helitaanka biyo &quot;la hagaajiyey&quot;. Marka la eego nadaafadda, 88% dadka waxay haysteen helitaanka nadaafad &quot;la hagaajiyey&quot;, 90% iyo 82%, meelaha magaalooyinka iyo miyiga, siday u kala horreeyaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/algeria/summary/statistics/|title=WASHwatch.org – Algeria|website=washwatch.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida ay sheegtay QM, 83% dadka Aljeeriya waxay haysteen helitaanka [[isha biyaha la hagaajiyey]] sanadkii 1978, oo ay ku jiraan 74% kuwaas oo haystay helitaanka biyaha la cabbo ee goobahooda. Inta kale waxay helayeen ilo, tubooyinka dadweynaha, ceelal la ilaaliyo ama ilo la ilaaliyo, badankoodu meelaha miyiga ah. 95% dadka Aljeeriya waxay haysteen helitaanka [[nadaafadda la hagaajiyey]].&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP table&quot; /&gt; Dawladda Aljeeriya waxay sheegtay in helitaanka biyaha ay ka sarreyso tan ka muuqata isbaxshiga QM, iyadoo 93% lagu xiray shabakadaha biyaha la cabbo sanadkii 2010. Waxay kale oo ay sheegtay in 86% dadka ay ku xiran yihiin shabakadaha bulaacadaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bouteflika&quot;&gt;[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/7327833.html Algeria's drinking water supply increases by 3 times within a decade: president], Xinhua, 22 March 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tayada adeegga==
Kaliya 22% dadka ku nool magaalooyinka Aljeeriya ayaa hela biyo 24 saac maalintii. 34% waxay helaan biyo kaliya hal sano maalintii, 24% labadii maalintoodba mar iyo 14% kaliya saddexdii maalintoodba mar.&lt;ref name=Terra&gt;Messaoud Terra from the Ministry of Water Resources quoting AdE figures, quoted in Algérie-Focus: 
[http://www.algerie-focus.com/blog/2013/08/un-algerien-sur-quatre-na-leau-potable-quun-jour-sur-deux/ Un Algérien sur quatre n’a l’eau potable qu’un jour sur deux], 19 August 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Gobollada qaar biyaha waxay yimaadaan kaliya 10-kii maalmoodba mar, sida [[Degmada Bouzeguène]] iyo degmooyinka kale ee gobolka [[Kabylie]]. Yaraantan waxaa sabab u ah fulinta liidata iyo dhammaystir la'aanta hawshooda, dayactirka xun iyo xiriirada sharci-darrada ah ee badan ee shabakadda. Dadka deegaanka waxay biyaha ku kaydsadaan taangiyo ama caagado guryahooda, ama waxay ka buuxsadaan caagadaha munaaradaha biyaha gaar ahaan xilliga xagaaga.&lt;ref&gt;Kamel Kaci: [http://observers.france24.com/content/20121210-algeria-kabylie-water-shortage-bouzeguene Water shortages in northern Algeria: “Washing and cooking have become luxuries”], France 24, 10 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt; Magaalada [[Sétif]] ee ku taal Waqooyiga Bari ee Aljeeriya yaraanta biyaha waxay keentay dibad-baxyo iyo isku-dhacyo dhexmaray booliska.&lt;ref&gt;Middle East Online:[http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=61157 Algeria's Setif region fumes: Water shortages trigger protests], 2013-09-05&lt;/ref&gt; Taa beddelkeeda, magaalada Aljeers helitaanka biyo joogto ah ayaa la aasaasay iyadoo la kaashanayo shirkad gaar loo leeyahay oo Faransiis ah, SUEZ, sanadkii 2011.&lt;ref name=SEEAL&gt;Jean-Marc Jahn, CEO of SEEAL: SEEAL performance in Algiers:From 8% to 100% 24/7 water supply in 3.5 years, in: Global water summit 2011:Focusing on performance, Global Water Intelligence 2011, p. 46-49.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Khayraadka biyaha iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha==
Biyaha la cabbo ee Aljeeriya waxay ka yimaadaan khayraadka caadiga ah – biyaha dusha sare iyo biyaha dhulka hoose – iyo sidoo kale khayraadka aan caadiga ahayn sida sifaynta biyaha badda.

===Khayraadka biyaha ee caadiga ah===
[[image:Taksebt Dam, Tizi Ouzou Province (Algéria).jpg|thumb|300px|Haro-biyoodyadu waa il weyn oo laga helo biyaha la cabbo ee Aljeeriya. Tusaale ahaan, haro-biyoodka Taksebt wuxuu siiyaa biyo la cabbo dadka deggan saddex gobol.]] 
Maadaama roobabku ay yihiin kuwo xilliyeed ah, biyaha dusha sare waxaa lagu kaydiyaa 72 haro-biyood oo leh wadarta awoodda wax-soo-saarka oo gaaraysa 7.4 bilyan m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; sanadkii 2009.&lt;ref name=Takheroubt/&gt; Badankooda biyahan waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabka. Wadarta guud ee biyaha la cabbo ee la bixiyo waxay ahayd qiyaastii 2.8 bilyan m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; sanadkii.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot;/&gt; Mid ka mid ah nidaamyada haro-biyoodka ugu weyn Aljeeriya waa dhismaha Beni Haroun ee [[Gobolka Mila]] kaas oo biyaha waraabka iyo biyaha la cabbo siiya 4 milyan oo qof oo ku nool lix gobol oo ku yaalla Bariga Aljeeriya. Nidaam kale oo weyn waa dhismaha Taksebt ee [[Tizi Ouzou]] ee Kabylie. Waxay siisaa saddex gobol, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah caasimadda [[Aljeers]], biyo la cabbo. [[Gobolka Bouïra]], biyaha waxaa laga keenaa biyo-xireenka Koudiat Acerdoune. Mashruuca ugu dheer ee wareejinta biyaha ee Aljeeriya, ee loogu magac daray &quot;mashruucii qarniga&quot;, wuxuu ka wareejiyaa biyaha dhulka hoose ee aan dib u cusboonaan karin [[In Salah]] ilaa [[Tamanrasset]] ee Saxaraha isagoo dhexmaraya masaafo dhererkeedu yahay 750&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=Takheroubt&gt;Brahim TAKHEROUBT: [http://www.semide.dz/FR/news/news_item.asp?NewsID=13090200 L'eau c'était lui!], L'Expression, 2 September 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la dhammaystiray sanadkii 2011 iyadoo ku kacday qiimo dhan US$2.5 bilyan.&lt;ref&gt;Algeria Press Service:[http://www.aps.dz/Algeria-s-experience-in-water,106511.html Algeria’s experience in water resources management presented in Cairo], 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

Qaybaha qaar ee dalka, sida dooxooyinka [[El Oued]] iyo [[Ouargla]], kor u kaca heerka biyaha dhulka hoose sababtoo ah dheecaanka ka imanaya taangiyada bulaacadaha ayaa ahaa dhibaato weyn. Laba bilaabay sanadkii 2005 iyadoo ay ku kacday ku dhowaad US$1 bilyan ayaa bulaacado la dhigay, saldhigyo bamka ah iyo dhirta daawaynta ayaa la dhisay si loogu gudbiyo [[biyaha dib loo soo celiyey]] meelaha beeraha si dib loogu isticmaalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot;/&gt;

Wasakhowga khayraadka biyaha ayaa gaaray heer laga walwalo. Biyaha dhulka hoose ee ku yaal bannaanada Mitidja ee u dhow Aljeers waxaa wasakheeyay amooniyam, biyaha dhulka hoose ee aagga xeebaha badanaa waxaa waxyeelleeyay biyo cusbo leh oo badda ka soo gala sababtoo ah bamgariinka xad-dhaafka ah. Tani waa xaaladda aagagga Oran, Aljeers iyo [[Jijel]]. Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee wabiyada Tafna, Macta, [[Chéliff]], Soummam iyo Seybousse waa wasakheysan yihiin. Qaar ka mid ah, sida wabiga ugu weyn dalka, Chéliff oo siiya aagga Oran, waxaa loo isticmaalaa bixinta biyaha la cabbo. Aagga [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] heerka [[manganis]] iyo [[koloraydh]] ee biyaha la cabbo wuxuu ku dhowaa kuwa ay oggoshahay WHO markay ahayd 2004.&lt;ref&gt;UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO): [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/DZA/index.stm Algérie], Aquastat, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

===Khayraadka biyaha ee aan caadiga ahayn===

==== Sifaynta biyaha ====
Aljeeriya waxay lahayd 15 warshadood oo sifaynta biyaha badda ah oo ku yaal xeebteeda sanadkii 2011 iyadoo leh awood 2.3 milyan m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/maalintii. Waxay qorshaynaysaa inay dhisto 43 kale ilaa 2019. Dhowr warshadood oo sifaynta biyaha ah ayaa siiya aagga [[Oran]] oo ah meel si gaar ah ugu liidata biyaha. Midda ugu horreysay waxaa xadhigga laga jaray sanadkii 2005 iyadoo wadata magaca Kahrama oo u dhow aagga warshadaha ee [[Arzew]]. 20,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/maalintii waxaa la siiyaa warshadaha halka 70,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/maalintii la siiyo magaalada. Laba warshadood oo ka yar ayaa shaqo bilaabay dhowr bilood ka dib. Sanadkii 2009 wajigii kowaad ee warshad aad u weyn oo leh awood 200,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/maalintii ayaa wax-soo-saar laga bilaabay Chatt el Hilal si loo siiyo [[Aïn Témouchent]] iyo Oran. Warshad kale oo 200,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/maalintii ah oo ku taal [[Mostaganem]] ayaa dhismo ku jirtay markay ahayd 2010, iyo sidoo kale warshad ku taal Mactaa oo leh awood 500,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/maalintii, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah warshadaha ugu waaweyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;SEOR:
[http://www.seor.dz/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=94&amp;Itemid=137 Dessalement de l'eau de mer], retrieved on November 2, 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hor intaan la dhammaystirin warshadda Mactaa, warshadda Hamma ee Aljeers oo la dhammaystiray sanadkii 2008 waxay ahayd warshadda ugu weyn ee sifaynta biyaha ee Afrika iyadoo leh awood 200,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/maalintii.&lt;ref&gt;Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC):[http://www.opic.gov/projects/hamma Hamma Water Desalination: Bringing drinking water to the desert], no date, retrieved on 3 November 2013&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Mouton buvant au milieu des poissons morts.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Wasakhowga biyaha waa arrin halis ah Aljeeriya, sida halkan ka muuqata Oued Soummam.]]

==== Dib-u-isticmaalka biyaha ====
Dib-u-isticmaalka biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daawayntay ee waraabka waa ahmiyad si weyn u leh qaranka. Digreetada dawladda – Digreetada lambarkeedu yahay 07-149 ee May 20, 2007 – waxay dejisay habraacyada lagu siinayo oggolaanshaha isticmaalka biyaha la soo celiyey ee waraabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markay ahayd 2010 kaliya 510 hektar ayaa lagu waraabiyey biyo la soo celiyey. Qiyaastii 3,800 hektar oo kale ayaa si buuxda loogu qalabeeyay dib-u-isticmaalka iyadoo aan la hawlgelin. Daraasado ku saabsan mashaariic dheeri ah oo loogu talagalay waraabka 9,800 hektar oo kale oo biyo la soo celiyey ah ayaa la dhammaystiray.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot; /&gt;

===Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha===
[[Nidaamka qaybinta biyaha]] ee Aljeeriya dhererkiisu waa 105,000&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=Terra/&gt; AdE waxay maamushaa shabakad dhererkeedu yahay 50,000&amp;nbsp;km iyo sidoo kale 2,528 ceelal, 72 warshadood oo daawaynta biyaha ah, 10 warshadood oo sifaynta biyaha ah, 1,141 saldhig oo bamka ah iyo 4,798 haro-biyood ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;AdE Organisation&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Organisation|url=http://www.ade.dz/index.php/l-entreprise-2/organisation|publisher=AdE|access-date=27 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nidaamka bulaacadaha dhererkiisu waa 41,000&amp;nbsp;km waxaana jira 113 warshadood oo dawladeed oo daawaynta biyaha wasakhda ah ah, oo ay ku jiraan 56 isticmaala tiknoolajiyada dhiatada firfircoon (activated sludge) iyo 67 warshadood oo inta badan ka yar oo isticmaala noocyo kala duwan oo tiknoolajiyada harada ah (lagoon technologies). Waxaa dalka ka jiray kaliya 18 warshadood sanadkii 2000; 96 warshadood oo kale ayaa dhismo ku jiray sanadkii 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot;&gt;Ministry of Water Resources:[http://www.arabwatercouncil.org/administrator/Modules/CMS/Algeria-Country-Report.pdf ALGERIA REPORT COUNTRY], presented by Hassina Hammouche, Chief Engineer DAPE, 22–24 May 2011, Dubai, retrieved on November 3, 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

==Isticmaalka biyaha==
[[File:Oran mer.jpg|thumb|300px|Magalada Oran oo ku taal qaybta galbeed ee qallalan ee Aljeeriya waxay aad ugu tiirsan tahay sifaynta biyaha, ka dib markii ay la dhibaataysatay abaaro daba dheeraaday.]]
Sida laga soo xigtay ilo dowladeed, sanadkii 2011 celcelis ahaan wax-soo-saarka biyaha wuxuu gaaray ilaa 170 litir qofkiiba maalintii.&lt;ref name=Bouteflika/&gt; Markay ahayd sanadkii 2000, wax-soo-saarka biyaha ee qofkiiba wuu ku kala duwanaa qaybaha kala duwan ee dalka. Wuxuu ugu sarreeyay Ghardaïa oo ahaa 220 litir qofkiiba maalintii, wuxuuna ugu hooseeyay Sidi Bel Abbès oo ahaa kaliya 65 litir. [[Oran]] iyo Mostaganem wax-soo-saarka biyaha wuxuu ahaa kaliya 70 litir. Isticmaalka biyaha ee dhabta ah ayaa ka hooseeya tirooyinka kor ku xusan sababtoo ah lumitaanka qaybinta biyaha. Biyaha dakhliga aan keenin, oo ka kooban khasaare jireed iyo mid maamul, ayaa lagu qiyaasay 40% sanadkii 2004.&lt;ref name=SOGESID&gt;SOGESID, for SEMIDE-EMWIS:[http://www.emwis.org/countries/fol749974/semide/PDF/Sogesid-algeria Approvisionnement en eau et assainissement au niveau local:Rapport par pays - Algérie], Novembre 2005, p. 4 and p. 16-17&lt;/ref&gt;

==Masuuliyadda bixinta biyaha iyo nadaafadda==

===Siyaasadda iyo nidaaminta===
Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha ayaa mas'uul ka ah dejinta siyaasadda bixinta biyaha la cabbo iyo nadaafadda, iyo sidoo kale maamulka khayraadka biyaha. Wasaaradda dhexdeeda waxaa ku yaal agaasime biyaha la cabbo ah iyo agaasime kale oo nadaafadda iyo deegaanka ah. Wasaaraddu waxay kaloo leedahay 48 laamood gobol kasta (wilaya) oo Aljeeriya ah.

===Bixinta adeegga===
80% nidaamyada qaybinta biyaha ee Aljeeriya waxay hoos yimaadaan mas'uuliyadda Algérienne des Eaux (AdE), oo ah shirkad dowladeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;AdE Organisation&quot;/&gt; Inta badan nidaamyada bulaacadaha waxay hoos yimaadaan mas'uuliyadda Office National d'Assainissement (ONA). Labada hay'adoodba waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 2001 waxayna hoos tagaan kormeerka Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha oo la aasaasay sanad ka hor.&lt;ref name=ONA/&gt;

AdE waxay u adeegtaa 3.4 milyan oo macaamiil ah oo ku nool 814 ka mid ah 1,541 degmo. Sharciga wuxuu farayaa kaliya inaysan bixin adeegga biyaha, laakiin sidoo kale inay dhiirigeliso dhowrista biyaha iyo inay kordhiso wacyiga dadweynaha. Shirkaddu waxay maamushaa nidaamyo ballaaran oo gudbinta biyaha ah kuwaas oo biyaha u wareejiya masafada dheer, badanaana daboola dhowr gobol. AdE waxay leedahay laamood (unités) mid kasta oo ka mid ah 48-da gobol ee dalka. Afarta magaalo ee ugu waaweyn Aljeeriya, shirkad ay wadaagaan AdE iyo ONA ayaa bixisa adeegyada biyaha iyo nadaafadda:
* SEEAL ee [[Aljeers]] iyo dariska [[Tipaza]], 
* SEACO ee [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]],
* SEOR ee [[Oran]], iyo
* SEATA ee [[Annaba]] iyo dariska [[El Taref]].

Qaybaha kale ee aagga adeeggeeda, AdE waxay si toos ah u bixisaa adeegyada biyaha iyadoo u dhexmarta 15 &quot;aag&quot;, mid kastaaba wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ilaa afar gobol. Sanadkii 2014, AdE waxay lahayd 25,000 oo shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;AdE Organisation&quot;/&gt;

ONA waxay maamushaa nidaamyada nadaafadda magaca 708 degmo waxayna leedahay wax ka badan 8,000 oo shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=ONA&gt;ONA:[http://www.ona.dz/article/l-ona-en-chiffres.html ONA en chiffres], retrieved on November 2, 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay maamushaa 68 warshadood oo daawaynta biyaha wasakhda ah, qiyaastii kala badh warshadaha dalka. Inta kale waxaa maamula shirkado gaar loo leeyahay oo ku shaqeeya qandaraasyada maamulka ee magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ama degmooyinka.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot;/&gt;

Shirkadda Tamarta ee Aljeeriya (AEC) waxay horumarisaa warshadaha korontada iyo sidoo kale warshadaha sifaynta biyaha. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Sonatrach]] iyo [[Sonelgaz]].

{{see also|Water privatization in Algeria}}

Qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay waxay maamushaa nidaamyada bixinta biyaha iyo nadaafadda ee saddex magaalo oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo kala ah Aljeers, Oran iyo Constantine, iyadoo la raacayo qandaraasyada maamulka ee ay la leeyihiin AdE iyo ONA.

==Arrimaha maaliyadda==

===Maalgashiga iyo maalgelinta===
[[File:Iharen.jpg|thumb|300px|Aagga Tamanrasset ee Saxaraha Aljeeriya wuxuu ka faa'iidaystay wareejinta biyaha ee masaafo dhererkeedu yahay 750km, kaas oo la dhammaystiray sanadkii 2001 iyadoo ay ku kacday 2.5 bilyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah.]]
Aljeeriya waxay qorshaynaysaa inay maalgashato 20 bilyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah qaybta biyaha inta lagu jiro Qorshaha Shanta Sano ah 2010–2014.&lt;ref name=Eldjazair&gt;{{cite web |first=Ammar |last=Belhimer |author-link=Ammar Belhimer |publisher=Eldjazair |url=http://www.eldjazaircom.dz/index.php?id_rubrique=263&amp;id_article=2638 |title=L'eau, une priority de l'État |trans-title=Water, a priority of the State |language=fr |access-date=November 3, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biyo-xireenada, kuwaas oo u taagnaa 43% maalgashiga biyaha ee 1995–2004, waxay sii qabsanayaan diiradda muhiimka ah ee maalgashiga biyaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot;/&gt; Inta badan maalgashiga waxaa maalgelisa dowladda Aljeeriya oo ka helaysa dakhliga weyn ee saliidda iyo gaaska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, warshado badan oo sifaynta biyaha ah waxaa maalgeliyey maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye iyada oo loo marayo qandaraasyada [[Build-Operate-Transfer]] (BOT).

===Qiimaha iyo soo celinta kharashka===
Asaasiga sharciga ah ee qiimaha biyaha iyo nadaafadda waa Digreetada 05-13 ee January 9, 2005, ee ku saabsan siyaasadda qiimaha (politique de tarification). Waxay cayimaysaa shan aag oo qiimaha ah: aagagga biyaha ee Aljeers, Oran, Constantine, Chlef iyo Ouargla oo wada daboolaya dalka oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ficil ahaan qiimaha biyaha iyo nadaafadda waa isku mid dhamaan aagagga, iyadoo qiimuhu yahay kaliya 3 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya aagga [[Chlef]] iyo qiyaastii 8 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya aagga Ouargla marka loo barbar dhigo saddexda aag ee kale. Qiimuhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb go'an iyo qayb isbedbedesha. Digreetada waxay kale oo ay qeexaysaa saddex qaybood oo isticmaala ah: kuwa deegaanka; maamulka iyo adeegyada; iyo sidoo kale warshadaha iyo dalxiiska. Qaybta qiimaha isbedbedesha ee isticmaalayaasha deegaanka waxay ku kordheysaa qaybaha isticmaalka (consumption blocks). Kan ugu sarreeya afarta qaybood wuxuu 6.5 jeer ka qaalisan yahay kan ugu hooseeya. Qiimaha labada qaybood ee kale ee isticmaalaha wuxuu u dhigmaa qiimaha qaybta ugu sarreysa ee isticmaalka deegaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOGESID&quot;/&gt; Qiimuhu waa mid aad u hooseeya oo aad uga fog inuu daboolo kharashka saadka. Kor u kaca qiimaha waa inay ansixiso dowladda qaranka.

Qaybta koowaad ee qiimaha deegaanka, ee sidoo kale loo yaqaan &quot;qaybta bulshada&quot; (tranche sociale), waxaa la dacwaynayaa ilaa isticmaalka 25 mitir kuyuubik rubucii, taasoo u dhiganta 55 litir qofkiiba maalintii qoys ka kooban shan qof. Sanadkii 2005 qiimahani wuxuu ahaa 6.3 Diinaarka Aljeeriya halkii mitir kuyuubik ama 9 Senti oo Maraykan ah aagagga Aljeers, Oran iyo Constantine.&lt;ref name=Boukhari&gt;Boukhari S, Djebbar Y, Abida H:[http://www.iwra.org/congress/2008/resource/authors/abs412_article.pdf Prix des services de l’eau en Algérie, un outil de gestion durable]&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2014, qiimahani wuxuu ahaa mid isbeddelin sida ku cad websaydhka AdE.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ade.dz/index.php/espace-client/procedure-de-branchement AdE: La tarification de l'eau potable], retrieved on March 27, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Qiimahani wuxuu qiyaastii 20 jeer ka hooseeyaa qiimaha biyaha ee Bartamaha Yurub. Qiimaha bulaacadaha xitaa waa ka hooseeyaa qiimaha biyaha. Isticmaalayaasha deegaanka ee qaybta koowaad ee aagagga [[Aljeers]], [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] iyo [[Annaba]] waa 2.35 diinaarka Aljeeriya halkii mitir kuyuubik ama 3 senti oo Maraykan ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;MWR AWC&quot;/&gt;

==Iskaashiga dibadda==
Midowga Yurub (EU), iyada oo loo marayo Guddiga Yurub, waa tanaasul muhiim ah oo dibadda ah oo loogu talagalay qaybta biyaha ee Aljeeriya. Waxay bixisay deeq lacageed oo dhan 30 milyan oo Euro sanadkii 2011 si loo taageero nadaafadda iyada oo loo marayo barnaamij la yiraahdo EAU II. Deeq hore oo 20 milyan oo Euro ah oo la oran jiray EAU I ayaa lagu maalgeliyey casriyeynta Qorshaha Biyaha Qaranka, qorshe hawleedka biyo-xireenka Ghrib, nidaamka digniinta rasmiga ah iyo saadaasha daadadka ee Sidi Bel Abbès iyo nidaamka diiwaangelinta elektaroonigga ah ee Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha.&lt;ref&gt;Algeriainvest:
[http://www.adnsolution.net/invest/index.php?news=156 Programme d'assainissement de l'eau en Algérie : Un plan de 4 milliards de DA], 25 July 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2011 Société Wallonne des Eaux (SWDE) ee dalka Beljimka iyo AdE waxay kala saxiixdeen qandaraas mataano ah si loo horumariyo kormeerka tayada biyaha. Qandaraasku wuxuu lahaa muddo 18 bilood ah waxaana taageeray Midowga Yurub.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Activités de Jumelage en 2011: Algérie – Qualité de l'eau|url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/overview/documents/activity-report-2011_fr.pdf|publisher=EU|access-date=27 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ku xigay qandaraas labaad oo lahaa muddo saddex sano ah oo la saxiixay December 2013.&lt;ref&gt;AdE:[http://www.ade.dz/index.php/projets-2/partenariat/10-signature-d-une-convention-de-cooperation-ade-swde Signature d’une convention de coopération ADE/SWDE], retrieved on March 27, 2014. the city's water and sanitation systems have been the focus of upgrades and improvements, aiming to meet international standards&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://www.mre.dz/com/ Ministère des Ressources en Eau]
* [http://www.ade.dz/ Algérienne des Eaux]
* [http://www.seor.dz/ La Société de l'eau et de l'Assainissement d'Oran (SEOR)]</text>
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| template_name = Infobox Cape Verde settlement
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 | 13 = [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde (municipality)|Porto Novo]]
 | 21 = [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]]
 | 31 = [[Ribeira Brava, Cape Verde (municipality)|Ribeira Brava]]
 | 32 = [[Tarrafal de São Nicolau (municipality)|Tarrafal de São Nicolau]]
 | 41 = [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]]
 | 51 = [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]]
 | 61 = [[Maio, Cape Verde|Maio]]
 | 71 = [[Tarrafal, Cape Verde (municipality)|Tarrafal]]
 | 72 = [[Santa Catarina, Cape Verde|Santa Catarina]]
 | 73 = [[Santa Cruz, Cape Verde|Santa Cruz]]
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 | 76 = [[São Miguel, Cape Verde|São Miguel]]
 | 77 = [[São Salvador do Mundo, Cape Verde|São Salvador do Mundo]]
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 | 79 = [[Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande de Santiago]]
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 | 91 = [[Brava, Cape Verde|Brava]]
 | #default = 
 }} | }}
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| subdivision_name3  = {{Str ≥ len|{{{key|51101}}}|4|{{#switch: {{#invoke:String|sub|{{{key|51101}}}|1|3}}
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 | 112 = [[Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Cape Verde|Nossa Senhora do Livramento]]
 | 113 = [[Santo Crucifixo]]
 | 114 = [[São Pedro Apóstolo]]
 | 121 = [[Paul, Cape Verde|Santo António das Pombas]]
 | 131 = [[São João Baptista (Santo Antão)|São João Baptista]]
 | 132 = [[Santo André (Porto Novo)|Santo André]]
 | 211 = [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|Nossa Senhora da Luz]]
 | 311 = [[Nossa Senhora da Lapa (Ribeira Brava)|Nossa Senhora da Lapa]]
 | 312 = [[Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Ribeira Brava)|Nossa Senhora do Rosário]]
 | 321 = [[Tarrafal de São Nicolau (municipality)|São Francisco de Assis]]
 | 411 = [[Sal, Cape Verde|Nossa Senhora das Dores]]
 | 511 = [[São João Baptista (Boa Vista)|São João Baptista]]
 | 512 = [[Santa Isabel (Boa Vista)|Santa Isabel]]
 | 611 = [[Maio, Cape Verde|Nossa Senhora da Luz]]
 | 711 = [[Tarrafal, Cape Verde (municipality)|Santo Amaro Abade]]
 | 721 = [[Santa Catarina, Cape Verde|Santa Catarina]]
 | 731 = [[Santa Cruz, Cape Verde|Santiago Maior]]
 | 741 = [[Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)|Nossa Senhora da Graça]]
 | 751 = [[Nossa Senhora da Luz (São Domingos)|Nossa Senhora da Luz]]
 | 752 = [[São Nicolau Tolentino (São Domingos)|São Nicolau Tolentino]]
 | 761 = [[São Miguel, Cape Verde|São Miguel Arcanjo]]
 | 771 = [[São Salvador do Mundo, Cape Verde|São Salvador do Mundo]]
 | 781 = [[São Lourenço dos Órgãos, Cape Verde|São Lourenço dos Órgãos]]
 | 791 = [[Santíssimo Nome de Jesus]]
 | 792 = [[São João Baptista (Ribeira Grande de Santiago)|São João Baptista]]
 | 811 = [[Mosteiros, Cape Verde (municipality)|Nossa Senhora da Ajuda]]
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 | 822 = [[Nossa Senhora da Conceição (São Filipe)|Nossa Senhora da Conceição]]
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 | 911 = [[São João Baptista (Brava)|São João Baptista]]
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 | 72 = [[Santa Catarina, Cape Verde|Santa Catarina]]
 | 73 = [[Santa Cruz, Cape Verde|Santa Cruz]]
 | 74 = [[Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)|Praia]]
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 | 77 = [[São Salvador do Mundo, Cape Verde|São Salvador do Mundo]]
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 | 731 = [[Santa Cruz, Cape Verde|Santiago Maior]]
 | 741 = [[Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)|Nossa Senhora da Graça]]
 | 751 = [[Nossa Senhora da Luz (São Domingos)|Nossa Senhora da Luz]]
 | 752 = [[São Nicolau Tolentino (São Domingos)|São Nicolau Tolentino]]
 | 761 = [[São Miguel, Cape Verde|São Miguel Arcanjo]]
 | 771 = [[São Salvador do Mundo, Cape Verde|São Salvador do Mundo]]
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 | 911 = [[São João Baptista (Brava)|São João Baptista]]
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    <title>Palmeira, Kaab Farde</title>
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| image_skyline=Cape Verde Sal Palmeira.jpg
| image_size=
| image_caption=Dekedda Palmeira, mid ka mid ah saddexda dekedood ee jasiiradda
| coordinates = {{coord|16.758|-22.982|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 41101
| elevation = 6
}}
'''Palmeira''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], p. 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta waqooyi-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Cape Verde]]. Sanadkii 2010 dadkeedu wuxuu ahaa 1,420. Magaaladu waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed, qiyaastii 4&amp;nbsp;km dhanka galbeed ee caasimadda jasiiradda ee [[Espargos]]. Waxay ku taal Baía de Palmeira, oo ah gacmo-badeed yar oo koonfur ka xiga tuulada, waxayna hoy u tahay dekedda ugu weyn ee jasiiradda Sal. Waa dekedda saddexaad ee ugu mashquulka badan Cape Verde marka loo eego isu-socodka xamuulka.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-da-palmeira Porto da Palmeira], ENAPOR&lt;/ref&gt; Port da Palmeira waa deked xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
Degsiimo yar oo ku tiil goobta ay hadda Palmeira ku taal waxaa arkay kabtan Ingiriis ah sanadkii 1720.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.umassd.edu/SpecialPrograms/caboverde/salhist.html|title=A History of Ilha do Sal|author=Ray Almeida|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206120818/http://www1.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/salhist.html|archive-date= 6 February 2016 |url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loogu xusay magaca &quot;Palmera&quot; khariiddadii sanadkii 1747 ee uu sameeyay [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Palmeira}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2239" sha1="g030gw2yf8j3wbaixxe1468og1fsosv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Palmeira
| image_skyline=Cape Verde Sal Palmeira.jpg
| image_size=
| image_caption=Dekedda Palmeira, mid ka mid ah saddexda dekedood ee jasiiradda
| coordinates = {{coord|16.758|-22.982|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 41101
| elevation = 6
}}
'''Palmeira''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], p. 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta waqooyi-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Cape Verde]]. Sanadkii 2010 dadkeedu wuxuu ahaa 1,420. Magaaladu waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed, qiyaastii 4&amp;nbsp;km dhanka galbeed ee caasimadda jasiiradda ee [[Espargos]]. Waxay ku taal Baía de Palmeira, oo ah gacmo-badeed yar oo koonfur ka xiga tuulada, waxayna hoy u tahay dekedda ugu weyn ee jasiiradda Sal. Waa dekedda saddexaad ee ugu mashquulka badan Cape Verde marka loo eego isu-socodka xamuulka.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-da-palmeira Porto da Palmeira] {{Wayback|url=http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-da-palmeira |date=20180918182752 }}, ENAPOR&lt;/ref&gt; Port da Palmeira waa deked xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
Degsiimo yar oo ku tiil goobta ay hadda Palmeira ku taal waxaa arkay kabtan Ingiriis ah sanadkii 1720.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.umassd.edu/SpecialPrograms/caboverde/salhist.html|title=A History of Ilha do Sal|author=Ray Almeida|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206120818/http://www1.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/salhist.html|archive-date= 6 February 2016 |url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loogu xusay magaca &quot;Palmera&quot; khariiddadii sanadkii 1747 ee uu sameeyay [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Palmeira}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Population Cape Verde</title>
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      <text bytes="22761" sha1="hk4pi3w85pc2xbavigk0iag53thb7ch" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;Tusmada leh tirakoobka dadka ee qaybaha maamulka ee Kaab Farde. Koodhadhka juqraafiyeed sida lagu bixiyay [http://bdmi.ine.cv/bdeo/apps/carregamento/uploads/CodigoGeogr%C3%A1ficoNacional.pdf Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]. &lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{datref|}}} | 
  {{#switch: {{{datref|}}}
  | TIMESTAMP=2010
  | SOURCE={{#switch: {{str left|{{{key|611}}}|1}} 
  | 1 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santo-antao/|title=2010 Census results Santo Antão|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 2 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santo-vicente/|title=2010 Census results São Vicente|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 3 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/sao-nicolau-2/|title=2010 Census results São Nicolau|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 4 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/sal-2/|title=2010 Census results Sal|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 5 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/boa-vista-2/|title=2010 Census results Boa Vista|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 6 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/maio-2/|title=2010 Census results Maio|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 7 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santiago-2/|title=2010 Census results Santiago|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 8 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/fogo-2/|title=2010 Census results Fogo|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | 9 = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/brava-2/|title=2010 Census results Brava|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}
  | #default = {{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/ine_censos_quadros_category/rgph-dados-por-zonas-e-lugares/|title=2010 Census results|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}} }}  }} |
{{#switch: {{{key}}}
| 1 = 43915 &lt;!--Santo Antão island--&gt;
| 11 = 18890 &lt;!--Ribeira Grande municipality--&gt;
| 111 = 7361 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora do Rosário parish--&gt;
| 11101 = 693 &lt;!--Fajã Domingas Benta--&gt;
| 11102 = 422 &lt;!--Lombo Branco--&gt;
| 11103 = 717 &lt;!--Lugar de Guene--&gt;
| 11104 = 138 &lt;!--Monte Joana--&gt;
| 11105 = 751 &lt;!--Pinhão--&gt;
| 11106 = 603 &lt;!--Sinagoga--&gt;
| 11107 = 2564 &lt;!--Ribeira Grande town--&gt;
| 11108 = 1112 &lt;!--Ribeira Grande rural--&gt;
| 11109 = 361 &lt;!--Xoxo--&gt;
| 112 = 2425 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora do Livramento parish--&gt;
| 11201 = 282 &lt;!--Fontainhas--&gt;
| 11202 = 2143 &lt;!--Ponta do Sol--&gt;
| 113 = 6764 &lt;!--Santo Crucifixo parish--&gt;
| 11301 = 155 &lt;!--Boca de Ambas Ribeiras--&gt;
| 11302 = 504 &lt;!--Boca de Coruja--&gt;
| 11303 = 166 &lt;!--Boca de João Afonso--&gt;
| 11304 = 685 &lt;!--Caibros--&gt;
| 11305 = 1266 &lt;!--Chã de Pedras--&gt;
| 11306 = 901 &lt;!--Coculi--&gt;
| 11307 = 833 &lt;!--Corda II--&gt;
| 11308 = 736 &lt;!--Figueiral--&gt;
| 11309 = 603 &lt;!--João Afonso--&gt;
| 11310 = 181 &lt;!--Lagoa III--&gt;
| 11311 = 298 &lt;!--Lombo de Santa--&gt;
| 11312 = 436 &lt;!--Ribeirão--&gt;
| 114 = 2381 &lt;!--São Pedro Apostolo parish--&gt;
| 11401 = 672 &lt;!--Chã de Igreja--&gt;
| 11402 = 401 &lt;!--Figueiras--&gt;
| 11403 = 1138 &lt;!--Garça de Cima--&gt;
| 11404 = &lt;!--Lagoa I, missing in census--&gt;
| 11405 = 170 &lt;!--Ribeira Alta--&gt;
| 12 = 6997 &lt;!--Paul municipality--&gt;
| 121 = 6997 &lt;!--Santo António das Pombas parish--&gt;
| 12101 = 912 &lt;!--Cabo da Ribeira--&gt;
| 12102 = 787 &lt;!--Campo de Cão--&gt;
| 12103 = 979 &lt;!--Eito--&gt;
| 12104 = 138 &lt;!--Pico da Cruz--&gt;
| 12105 = 411 &lt;!--Ribeira das Pombas--&gt;
| 12106 = 27 &lt;!--Ribeirãozinho--&gt;
| 12107 = 186 &lt;!--Santa Isabel--&gt;
| 12108 = 13 &lt;!--Pombas rural--&gt;
| 12109 = 1295 &lt;!--Pombas town--&gt;
| 12110 = 591 &lt;!--Figueiral--&gt;
| 12111 = 1658 &lt;!--Janela--&gt;
| 13 = 18028 &lt;!--Porto Novo municipality--&gt;
| 131 = 14465 &lt;!--São João Baptista parish--&gt;
| 13101 = 60 &lt;!--Agua dos Velhos--&gt;
| 13102 = 266 &lt;!--Catano--&gt;
| 13103 = 746 &lt;!--Chã de Morte--&gt;
| 13104 = 476 &lt;!--Cirio--&gt;
| 13105 = 335 &lt;!--Curral das Vacas--&gt;
| 13106 = 358 &lt;!--Lagoa II--&gt;
| 13107 = 257 &lt;!--Lagoa de Catano--&gt;
| 13108 = 558 &lt;!--Lajedo--&gt;
| 13109 = 40 &lt;!--Lombo das Lanças--&gt;
| 13110 = 281 &lt;!--Lombo de Figueira--&gt;
| 13111 = 43 &lt;!--Manuel Lopes--&gt;
| 13112 = 58 &lt;!--Mato Estreito--&gt;
| 13113 = 107 &lt;!--Morro Vento--&gt;
| 13114 = 55 &lt;!--Pedra de Jorge--&gt;
| 13115 = 162 &lt;!--João Bento/Ribeira dos Bodes--&gt;
| 13116 = 198 &lt;!--Ribeira Fria--&gt;
| 13117 = 11 &lt;!--Ribeira Torta--&gt;
| 13118 = 45 &lt;!--Ribeirão Fundo --&gt;
| 13120 = 9 &lt;!--Tabuga--&gt;
| 13121 = 841 &lt;!--Tarrafal de Monte Trigo--&gt;
| 13122 = 9310 &lt;!--Porto Novo--&gt;
| 13123 = 36 &lt;!--Casa do Meio--&gt;
| 13198 = 101 &lt;!--Pico da Cruz, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 13199 = 112 &lt;!--Bolona, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 132 = 3441 &lt;!--Santo André parish--&gt;
| 13201 = 1003 &lt;!--Alto Mira--&gt;
| 13202 = 114 &lt;!--Chã de Branquinho--&gt;
| 13203 = 241 &lt;!--Chã de Norte--&gt;
| 13204 = 347 &lt;!--Jorge Luis--&gt;
| 13205 = 446 &lt;!--Martiene--&gt;
| 13206 = 274 &lt;!--Monte Trigo--&gt;
| 13207 = 595 &lt;!--Norte--&gt;
| 13208 = 421 &lt;!--Ribeira da Cruz--&gt;
| 2 = 76140 &lt;!--São Vicente island--&gt;
| 21 = 76140 &lt;!--São Vicente municipality--&gt;
| 211 = 76140 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora da Luz parish--&gt;
| 21101 = 69904 &lt;!--Mindelo--&gt;
| 21102 = 319 &lt;!--Lameirão--&gt;
| 21103 = 611 &lt;!--Ribeira Julião--&gt;
| 21104 = 504 &lt;!--Ribeira da Vinha--&gt;
| 21105 = 1177 &lt;!--Ribeira de Calhau--&gt;
| 21106 = 1179 &lt;!--Salamansa--&gt;
| 21107 = 991 &lt;!--São Pedro--&gt;
| 2110108 = 2 &lt;!--Parque Industrial do Lazareto--&gt;
| 2110203 = 21 &lt;!--Monte Verde/Pé de Verde--&gt;
| 2110601 = 162 &lt;!--Baía das Gatas--&gt;
| 2110602 = 116 &lt;!--Norte da Baía--&gt;
| 3 = 12817 &lt;!--São Nicolau island--&gt;
| 31 = 7580 &lt;!--Ribeira Brava municipality--&gt;
| 311 = 1395 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora da Lapa parish--&gt;
| 31101 = 155 &lt;!--Covoada--&gt;
| 31102 = 320 &lt;!--Estância de Brás--&gt;
| 31103 = 620 &lt;!--Fajã de Baixo--&gt;
| 31104 = 299 &lt;!--Queimadas--&gt;
| 31105 = 1 &lt;!--Ribeira Funda--&gt;
| 312 = 6169 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora do Rosário parish--&gt;
| 31201 = 180 &lt;!--Água das Patas--&gt;
| 31202 = 132 &lt;!--Belém--&gt;
| 31203 = 15 &lt;!--Boqueirão--&gt;
| 31205 = 393 &lt;!--Cachaço--&gt;
| 31206 = 300 &lt;!--Caleijão--&gt;
| 31207 = 266 &lt;!--Campinho--&gt;
| 31208 = 190 &lt;!--Carriçal--&gt;
| 31209 = 199 &lt;!--Carvoeiros--&gt;
| 31210 = &lt;!--Coelha, missing in census--&gt;
| 31211 = 238 &lt;!--Canto Fajã--&gt;
| 31212 = 1 &lt;!--Figueira de Cocho--&gt;
| 31217 = 433 &lt;!--Juncalinho--&gt;
| 31218 = 416 &lt;!--Lompelado--&gt;
| 31219 = 146 &lt;!--Morro--&gt;
| 31220 = &lt;!--Morro Alto, missing in census--&gt;
| 31221 = 188 &lt;!--Morro Brás--&gt;
| 31224 = 567 &lt;!--Preguiça--&gt;
| 31227 = 308 &lt;!--Talho--&gt;
| 31228 = 1936 &lt;!--Ribeira Brava--&gt;
| 31299 = 17 &lt;!--Chã de Norte, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 3121103 = 118 &lt;!--Pico Agudo--&gt;
| 3122708 = 126 &lt;!--Pombas--&gt;
| 32 = 5237 &lt;!--Tarrafal de São Nicolau municipality--&gt;
| 321 = 5237 &lt;!--São Francisco de Assis parish--&gt;
| 32101 = 155 &lt;!--Cabeçalinho--&gt;
| 32102 = &lt;!--Fontainhas, missing in census--&gt;
| 32103 = 172 &lt;!--Fragata--&gt;
| 32104 = 181 &lt;!--Hortelã--&gt;
| 32105 = 100 &lt;!--Palhal--&gt;
| 32106 = 521 &lt;!--Praia Branca--&gt;
| 32107 = &lt;!--Ribeira dos Calhaus, missing in census--&gt;
| 32108 = 343 &lt;!--Ribeira Prata--&gt;
| 32109 = 3733 &lt;!--Tarrafal de São Nicolau--&gt;
| 4 = 25779 &lt;!--Sal island--&gt;
| 41 = 25779 &lt;!--Sal municipality--&gt;
| 411 = 25779 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora das Dores parish--&gt;
| 41101 = 1420 &lt;!--Palmeira--&gt;
| 41102 = 329 &lt;!--Pedra de Lume--&gt;
| 41103 = 14 &lt;!--Santa Maria rural--&gt;
| 41104 = 6258 &lt;!--Santa Maria town--&gt;
| 41105 = &lt;!--Espargos rural, missing in census--&gt;
| 41106 = 17081 &lt;!--Espargos town--&gt;
| 41111 = 248 &lt;!--Murdeira, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 41112 = 131 &lt;!--Terra Boa, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 5 = 9162 &lt;!--Boa Vista island--&gt;
| 51 = 9162 &lt;!--Boa Vista municipality--&gt;
| 511 = 639 &lt;!--São João Baptista parish--&gt;
| 51101 = 52 &lt;!--Cabeça dos Tarrafes--&gt;
| 51102 = 241 &lt;!--Fundo das Figueiras--&gt;
| 51103 = 346 &lt;!--João Galego--&gt;
| 512 = 8059 &lt;!--Santa Isabel parish, including 2 in Lacaçao--&gt;
| 51201 = 144 &lt;!--Bofarreira--&gt;
| 51202 = 578 &lt;!--Estância de Baixo--&gt;
| 51203 = 309 &lt;!--Povoação Velha--&gt;
| 51204 = 1248 &lt;!--Rabil--&gt;
| 51205 = 5778 &lt;!--Sal Rei--&gt;
| 6 = 6952  &lt;!--Maio island--&gt;
| 61 = 6952 &lt;!--Maio municipality--&gt;
| 611 = 6952  &lt;!--Nossa Senhora da Luz parish, including 2 in Monte Farenego--&gt;
| 61101 = 535 &lt;!--Barreiro--&gt;
| 61102 = 1156  &lt;!--Calheta--&gt;
| 61103 = 204  &lt;!--Cascabulho--&gt;
| 61104 = 529  &lt;!--Figueira--&gt;
| 61105 = 444  &lt;!--Morrinho--&gt;
| 61106 = 310  &lt;!--Morro--&gt;
| 61107 = 166  &lt;!--Pedro Vaz--&gt;
| 61108 = 232  &lt;!--Alcatraz--&gt;
| 61109 = 67  &lt;!--Praia Gonçalo--&gt;
| 61110 = 203  &lt;!--Ribeira Dom João--&gt;
| 61111 = 2971  &lt;!--Porto Ingles/Vila do Maio--&gt;
| 61112 = 102  &lt;!--Pilão Cão--&gt;
| 61113 = 22  &lt;!--Santo António--&gt;
| 7 = 273919 &lt;!--Santiago island--&gt;
| 71 = 18565 &lt;!--Tarrafal municipality--&gt;
| 711 = 18565 &lt;!--Santo Amaro Abade parish--&gt;
| 71101 = 310 &lt;!--Achada Biscanhos--&gt;
| 71102 = 67 &lt;!--Achada Lagoa--&gt;
| 71103 = 520 &lt;!--Achada Longueira--&gt;
| 71104 = 211 &lt;!--Achada Meio--&gt;
| 71105 = 587 &lt;!--Achada Moirão--&gt;
| 71106 = 1242 &lt;!--Achada Tenda--&gt;
| 71107 = 695 &lt;!--Biscainhos--&gt;
| 71108 = 5166 &lt;!--Chão Bom--&gt;
| 71109 = 358 &lt;!--Curral Velho--&gt;
| 71110 = 107 &lt;!--Fazenda--&gt;
| 71111 = 160 &lt;!--Figueira Muita--&gt;
| 71112 = 55 &lt;!--Lagoa--&gt;
| 71113 = 160 &lt;!--Mato Brazil--&gt;
| 71114 = 194 &lt;!--Mato Mendes--&gt;
| 71115 = 165 &lt;!--Milho Branco--&gt;
| 71116 = 435 &lt;!--Ponta Lobrão--&gt;
| 71117 = 1009 &lt;!--Ribeira da Prata--&gt;
| 71118 = &lt;!--Ribeirão Sal, missing in census--&gt;
| 71119 = 464 &lt;!--Trás os Montes--&gt;
| 71120 = 6656 &lt;!--Tarrafal/Mangui--&gt;
| 72 = 43297 &lt;!--Santa Catarina municipality--&gt;
| 721 = 43297 &lt;!--Santa Catarina parish--&gt;
| 72101 = 865 &lt;!--Achada Galego--&gt;
| 72102 = 743 &lt;!--Achada Gomes--&gt;
| 72103 = 2 &lt;!--Achada Lazão--&gt;
| 72104 = 142 &lt;!--Achada Leite--&gt;
| 72105 = 2088 &lt;!--Achada Lém--&gt;
| 72106 = 195 &lt;!--Achada Ponta--&gt;
| 72107 = 742 &lt;!--Achada Tossa--&gt;
| 72108 = 205 &lt;!--Aguas Podres--&gt;
| 72109 = 286 &lt;!--Arribada--&gt;
| 72110 = 428 &lt;!--Banana Semedo--&gt;
| 72111 = 1119 &lt;!--Boa Entrada--&gt;
| 72112 = 637 &lt;!--Boa Entradinha--&gt;
| 72113 = 914 &lt;!--Bombardeiro--&gt;
| 72114 = 381 &lt;!--Chã de Lagoa--&gt;
| 72115 = 1164 &lt;!--Chã de Tanque--&gt;
| 72116 = 266 &lt;!--Charco--&gt;
| 72117 = 798 &lt;!--Cruz Grande--&gt;
| 72118 = 411 &lt;!--Entre Picos--&gt;
| 72119 = 412 &lt;!--Entre Picos de Reda--&gt;
| 72120 = 1157 &lt;!--Figueira das Naus--&gt;
| 72121 = 747 &lt;!--Fonteana--&gt;
| 72122 = 894 &lt;!--Fonte Lima--&gt;
| 72123 = 433 &lt;!--Furna--&gt;
| 72124 = 107 &lt;!--Gamchemba--&gt;
| 72125 = 998 &lt;!--Gil Bispo--&gt;
| 72126 = 156 &lt;!--Japluma--&gt;
| 72127 = 317 &lt;!--João Bernardo--&gt;
| 72128 = 546 &lt;!--João Dias--&gt;
| 72129 = 336 &lt;!--Junco--&gt;
| 72130 = 391 &lt;!--Librão--&gt;
| 72131 = 10 &lt;!--Lugar Velho--&gt;
| 72132 = 903 &lt;!--Mancholy--&gt;
| 72133 = 488 &lt;!--Mato Baixo--&gt;
| 72134 = 704 &lt;!--Mato Gege--&gt;
| 72135 = 414 &lt;!--Mato Sancho--&gt;
| 72136 = 978 &lt;!--Palha Carga--&gt;
| 72137 = 197 &lt;!--Pata Brava--&gt;
| 72138 = 256 &lt;!--Pau Verde--&gt;
| 72139 = &lt;!--Pedra Barro, missing in census--&gt;
| 72141 = 505 &lt;!--Pingo Chuva--&gt;
| 72142 = 650 &lt;!--Pinha dos Engenhos--&gt;
| 72143 = 192 &lt;!--Ribeira Riba/Ribeira Acima--&gt;
| 72144 = 2317 &lt;!--Ribeira da Barca--&gt;
| 72145 = 409 &lt;!--Ribeirão Isabel--&gt;
| 72146 = 1086 &lt;!--Ribeirão Manuel--&gt;
| 72147 = 1048 &lt;!--Rincão--&gt;
| 72148 = 657 &lt;!--Saltos Acima--&gt;
| 72149 = 122 &lt;!--Sedeguma--&gt;
| 72150 = 572 &lt;!--Serra Malagueta--&gt;
| 72151 = 82 &lt;!--Tomba Touro--&gt;
| 72152 = 12332 &lt;!--Assomada--&gt;
| 72153 = 1070 &lt;!--Fundura--&gt;
| 73 = 26617 &lt;!--Santa Cruz municipality--&gt;
| 731 = 26617 &lt;!--Santiago Maior parish--&gt;
| 73101 = 767 &lt;!--Achada Belbel--&gt;
| 73102 = 2592 &lt;!--Achada Fazenda--&gt;
| 73103 = 403 &lt;!--Achada Ponta--&gt;
| 73104 = 424 &lt;!--Boaventura--&gt;
| 73105 = 186 &lt;!--Boca Larga--&gt;
| 73106 = 2042 &lt;!--Cancelo--&gt;
| 73107 = 1152 &lt;!--Chã da Silva--&gt;
| 73108 = &lt;!--Julangue, missing in census--&gt;
| 73109 = 297 &lt;!--Librão--&gt;
| 73110 = 737 &lt;!--Matinho--&gt;
| 73111 = 562 &lt;!--Monte Negro--&gt;
| 73112 = 400 &lt;!--Porto Madeira--&gt;
| 73113 = 153 &lt;!--Rebelo--&gt;
| 73114 = 904 &lt;!--Renque Purga--&gt;
| 73115 = 720 &lt;!--Ribeira Seca--&gt;
| 73116 = 158 &lt;!--Ribeirão Almaço--&gt;
| 73117 = 388 &lt;!--Ribeirão Boi--&gt;
| 73118 = 724 &lt;!--Rocha Lama--&gt;
| 73119 = 535 &lt;!--Saltos Abaixo--&gt;
| 73120 = 2019 &lt;!--Santa Cruz--&gt;
| 73121 = 442 &lt;!--São Cristovão--&gt;
| 73122 = 293 &lt;!--Serelho--&gt;
| 73123 = 9859 &lt;!--Pedra Badejo--&gt;
| 73124 = 686 &lt;!--Achada Lage--&gt;
| 7311801 = 142 &lt;!--Achada Igreja--&gt;
| 74 = 131719 &lt;!--Praia municipality--&gt;
| 741 = 131719 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora da Graça parish--&gt;
| 74103 = 131719 &lt;!--Praia--&gt;
| 75 = 13808 &lt;!--São Domingos municipality--&gt;
| 751 = 4898 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora da Luz parish--&gt;
| 75101 = 376 &lt;!--Achada Baleia--&gt;
| 75102 = 489 &lt;!--Baia--&gt;
| 75103 = 238 &lt;!--Cancelo--&gt;
| 75104 = 256 &lt;!--Chão Coqueiro--&gt;
| 75105 = 196 &lt;!--Dobe--&gt;
| 75106 = 607 &lt;!--Milho Branco--&gt;
| 75107 = 135 &lt;!--Portal--&gt;
| 75108 = 952 &lt;!--Praia Baixo--&gt;
| 75109 = 712 &lt;!--Praia Formosa--&gt;
| 75110 = 378 &lt;!--Vale da Custa--&gt;
| 7510206 = 205 &lt;!--Moia Moia--&gt;
| 7510702 = 170 &lt;!--Capela--&gt;
| 7510705 = 184 &lt;!--Achada Lama--&gt;
| 752 = 8801 &lt;!--São Nicolau Tolentino parish--&gt;
| 75201 = 106 &lt;!--Achada Mitra--&gt;
| 75202 = 957 &lt;!--Água de Gato--&gt;
| 75203 = 180 &lt;!--Banana--&gt;
| 75204 = 79 &lt;!--Chamine--&gt;
| 75205 = 47 &lt;!--Dacabalaio--&gt;
| 75206 = 745 &lt;!--Fontes Almeida--&gt;
| 75207 = 362 &lt;!--Gudim--&gt;
| 75208 = 390 &lt;!--Lagoa--&gt;
| 75209 = 327 &lt;!--Mato Afonso--&gt;
| 75210 = 86 &lt;!--Mendes Faleiro Cabral--&gt;
| 75211 = 117 &lt;!--Mendes Faleiro Rendeiro--&gt;
| 75212 = 323 &lt;!--Nora--&gt;
| 75213 = 174 &lt;!--Pó de Saco--&gt;
| 75214 = 773 &lt;!--Ribeirão Chiqueiro--&gt;
| 75215 = 149 &lt;!--Robão Cal--&gt;
| 75216 = 1078 &lt;!--Rui Vaz--&gt;
| 75217 = 2818 &lt;!--Varzea da Igreja/São Domingos--&gt;
| 75218 = 1 &lt;!--Veneza--&gt;
| 7520503 = 89 &lt;!--Achada Loura/Massapé--&gt;
| 76 = 15648 &lt;!--São Miguel municipality--&gt;
| 761 = 15648 &lt;!--São Miguel Arcanjo parish--&gt;
| 76102 = 1652 &lt;!--Achada Monte--&gt;
| 76103 = 3175 &lt;!--Calheta de São Miguel--&gt;
| 76104 = 73 &lt;!--Casa Branca--&gt;
| 76105 = 220 &lt;!--Chã de Ponta--&gt;
| 76106 = 658 &lt;!--Cutelo Gomes--&gt;
| 76107 = 869 &lt;!--Espinho Branco--&gt;
| 76108 = 207 &lt;!--Gongon--&gt;
| 76109 = 130 &lt;!--Machado--&gt;
| 76110 = 328 &lt;!--Mato Correia--&gt;
| 76111 = 118 &lt;!--Monte Bode--&gt;
| 76112 = 486 &lt;!--Monte Pousada--&gt;
| 76113 = 375 &lt;!--Palha Carga--&gt;
| 76114 = 259 &lt;!--Pedra Barro--&gt;
| 76115 = 484 &lt;!--Pedra Serrado--&gt;
| 76116 = 1132 &lt;!--Pilão Cão--&gt;
| 76117 = 1065 &lt;!--Ponta Verde--&gt;
| 76118 = 1193 &lt;!--Principal--&gt;
| 76119 = &lt;!--Ribeira Milho, missing in census--&gt;
| 76120 = 215 &lt;!--Ribeireta--&gt;
| 76121 = 669 &lt;!--Tagarra--&gt;
| 76122 = 445 &lt;!--Varanda--&gt;
| 76123 = 114 &lt;!--Xaxa--&gt;
| 76124 = 325 &lt;!--Igreja--&gt;
| 7610312 = 1375 &lt;!--Veneza--&gt;
| 76199 = 63 &lt;!--Pingo Chuva, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 77 = 8677 &lt;!--São Salvador do Mundo municipality--&gt;
| 771 = 8677 &lt;!--São Salvador do Mundo parish--&gt;
| 77101 = 532 &lt;!--Aboboreiro--&gt;
| 77102 = 986 &lt;!--Achada Igreja/Picos--&gt;
| 77103 = 1160 &lt;!--Achada Leitão--&gt;
| 77104 = 183 &lt;!--Babosa--&gt;
| 77105 = 131 &lt;!--Burbur--&gt;
| 77106 = 478 &lt;!--Covão Grande--&gt;
| 77107 = 148 &lt;!--Degredo--&gt;
| 77108 = 247 &lt;!--Faveta--&gt;
| 77109 = 239 &lt;!--Jalalo Ramos--&gt;
| 77111 = 927 &lt;!--Leitão Grande--&gt;
| 77112 = 460 &lt;!--Leitãozinho--&gt;
| 77113 = 177 &lt;!--Manhanga--&gt;
| 77114 = 179 &lt;!--Mato Fortes--&gt;
| 77115 = 134 &lt;!--Mato Limão--&gt;
| 77116 = 1489 &lt;!--Picos Acima--&gt;
| 77117 = 546 &lt;!--Pico Freire--&gt;
| 77118 = 217 &lt;!--Purgueira--&gt;
| 77119 = 54 &lt;!--Rebelo Acima--&gt;
| 77198 = 266 &lt;!--Junco, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 77199 = 90 &lt;!--Djéu, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78 = 7388 &lt;!--São Lourenço dos Órgãos municipality--&gt;
| 781 = 7388 &lt;!--São Lourenço dos Órgãos parish--&gt;
| 78101 = 176 &lt;!--Achada Costa--&gt;
| 78102 = 477 &lt;!--Boca Larga--&gt;
| 78103 = 112 &lt;!--Fundura--&gt;
| 78104 = 225 &lt;!--João Goto--&gt;
| 78105 = 703 &lt;!--João Teves--&gt;
| 78106 = 395 &lt;!--Lage--&gt;
| 78107 = 234 &lt;!--Levada--&gt;
| 78108 = 326 &lt;!--Longueira--&gt;
| 78109 = 462 &lt;!--Montanha--&gt;
| 78110 = 479 &lt;!--Órgãos Pequeno--&gt;
| 78111 = 628 &lt;!--Pico Antónia--&gt;
| 78112 = 402 &lt;!--Pedra Molar--&gt;
| 78113 = 298 &lt;!--Poilão Cabral--&gt;
| 78114 = 6 &lt;!--São Jorge--&gt;
| 78115 = 337 &lt;!--Montanhinha--&gt;
| 78190 = 146 &lt;!--Várzea Igreja, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78191 = 112 &lt;!--Várzea Fernandes, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78192 = 472 &lt;!--Ribeirão Galinha, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78193 = 181 &lt;!--Mato Raia, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78194 = 88 &lt;!--Lagedo, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78195 = 228 &lt;!--João Guela, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78196 = 139 &lt;!--Funco Marques, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78196 = 157 &lt;!--Funco Bandeira, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78197 = 240 &lt;!--Covada, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78198 = 205 &lt;!--Chã de Vaca, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 78199 = 122 &lt;!--Carreira, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 79 = 8325 &lt;!--Ribeira Grande de Santiago municipality--&gt;
| 791 = 3854 &lt;!--Santíssimo Nome de Jesus parish--&gt;
| 79101 = 366 &lt;!--Calabaceira--&gt;
| 79102 = 1214 &lt;!--Cidade Velha/Santiago de Cabo Verde--&gt;
| 79103 = 394 &lt;!--João Varela--&gt;
| 79105 = 1113 &lt;!--Salineiro--&gt;
| 79107 = 21 &lt;!--Costa Achada--&gt;
| 79108 = 593 &lt;!--São Martinho Grande--&gt;
| 7910303 = 153 &lt;!--Bota Rama--&gt;
| 792 = 4469 &lt;!--São João Baptista parish, including 1 in Achada Jagau--&gt;
| 79202 = 382 &lt;!--Belém--&gt;
| 79203 = 210 &lt;!--Chã de Igreja--&gt;
| 79204 = 169 &lt;!--Chã Gonçalves--&gt;
| 79205 = &lt;!--Delgado, missing in census--&gt;
| 79206 = 534 &lt;!--Porto Gouveia--&gt;
| 79207 = 403 &lt;!--Achada Loura--&gt;
| 79208 = 118 &lt;!--Mosquito da Horta--&gt;
| 79210 = 572 &lt;!--Pico Leão--&gt;
| 79211 = 819 &lt;!--Porto Mosquito--&gt;
| 79212 = 957 &lt;!--Santa Ana--&gt;
| 79213 = 166 &lt;!--Tronco--&gt;
| 79214 = &lt;!--Chuva Chove, missing in census--&gt;
| 79297 = 5 &lt;!--Santa Clara, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 79298 = 66 &lt;!--Beatriz Pereira, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 79299 = 67 &lt;!--Alfaroba, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 8 = 37071 &lt;!--Fogo island--&gt;
| 81 = 9524 &lt;!--Mosteiros municipality--&gt;
| 811 = 9524 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora da Ajuda parish--&gt;
| 81101 = 538 &lt;!--Achada Grande--&gt;
| 81102 = 700 &lt;!--Atalaia--&gt;
| 81103 = 340 &lt;!--Corvo--&gt;
| 81104 = 84 &lt;!--Fajãzinha--&gt;
| 81105 = 435 &lt;!--Feijoal--&gt;
| 81106 = 4124 &lt;!--Mosteiros/Igreja--&gt;
| 81107 = 37 &lt;!--Mosteiros Trás--&gt;
| 81108 = 545 &lt;!--Pai António--&gt;
| 81109 = &lt;!--Queimada Guincho, missing in census--&gt;
| 81110 = 1184 &lt;!--Relva--&gt;
| 81111 = 848 &lt;!--Ribeira do Ilhéu--&gt;
| 81112 = &lt;!--Sumbango, missing in census--&gt;
| 81113 = 187 &lt;!--Rocha Fora--&gt;
| 81114 = &lt;!--Murro, missing in census--&gt;
| 81115 = 281 &lt;!--Cutelo Alto--&gt;
| 8110502 = 217 &lt;!--Cova Feijoal--&gt;
| 82 = 22248 &lt;!--São Filipe municipality--&gt;
| 821 = 8899 &lt;!--São Lourenço parish--&gt;
| 82101 = 344 &lt;!--Achada Mentirosa--&gt;
| 82102 = 783 &lt;!--Campanas Baixo--&gt;
| 82103 = 375 &lt;!--Campanas Cima--&gt;
| 82104 = 398 &lt;!--Curral Grande--&gt;
| 82105 = 877 &lt;!--Galinheiro--&gt;
| 82106 = 517 &lt;!--Inhuco--&gt;
| 82107 = 731 &lt;!--Lomba--&gt;
| 82108 = 170 &lt;!--Monte Tabor--&gt;
| 82109 = 1072 &lt;!--Ponta Verde--&gt;
| 82110 = 548 &lt;!--Ribeira Filipe--&gt;
| 82111 = 635 &lt;!--São Jorge--&gt;
| 82112 = 530 &lt;!--Santo António--&gt;
| 82113 = 315 &lt;!--São Domingos--&gt;
| 8210103 = 380 &lt;!--As Hortas--&gt;
| 8210415 = 118 &lt;!--Pico Gomes--&gt;
| 8210602 = 187 &lt;!--Chã de Monte--&gt;
| 8210713 = 604 &lt;!--Velho Manuel--&gt;
| 8211304 = 315 &lt;!--Pedro Homem--&gt;
| 822 = 13328 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora da Conceição parish--&gt;
| 82201 = 198 &lt;!--Brandão--&gt;
| 82202 = 282 &lt;!--Cabeça do Monte--&gt;
| 82203 = 8122 &lt;!--São Filipe--&gt;
| 82204 = 407 &lt;!--Lagariça--&gt;
| 82205 = 438 &lt;!--Luzia Nunes--&gt;
| 82206 = 274 &lt;!--Monte Largo--&gt;
| 82207 = 743 &lt;!--Monte Grande--&gt;
| 82208 = 876 &lt;!--Patim--&gt;
| 82209 = 116 &lt;!--Salto--&gt;
| 82210 = 367 &lt;!--Tongom--&gt;
| 82211 = 242 &lt;!--Vicente Dias--&gt;
| 8220111 = 136 &lt;!--Cutelo--&gt;
| 8220502 = 323 &lt;!--Forno--&gt;
| 8220601 = 153 &lt;!--Lacacã--&gt;
| 8220802 = 322 &lt;!--Jardim--&gt;
| 82298 = 119 &lt;!--Miguel Gonçalves, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 82299 = 210 &lt;!--Curral Ochô, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 83 = 5299 &lt;!--Santa Catarina do Fogo municipality--&gt;
| 831 = 5299 &lt;!--Santa Catarina do Fogo parish--&gt;
| 83101 = 495 &lt;!--Achada Furna--&gt;
| 83102 = 697 &lt;!--Chã das Caldeiras--&gt;
| 83103 = 1230 &lt;!--Cova Figueira--&gt;
| 83104 = 411 &lt;!--Estância Roque--&gt;
| 83105 = 320 &lt;!--Figueira Pavão--&gt;
| 83106 = 401 &lt;!--Fonte Aleixo--&gt;
| 83107 = 372 &lt;!--Roçadas--&gt;
| 83108 = 410 &lt;!--Tinteira--&gt;
| 83194 = 221 &lt;!--Monte Vermelho--&gt;
| 83195 = 130 &lt;!--Mãe Joana, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 83196 = 254 &lt;!--Domingo Lobo/Maria da Cruz, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 83197 = 177 &lt;!--Cabeça Fundão, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 83198 = 120 &lt;!--Baluarte, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 83199 = 61 &lt;!--Achada Poio, in census, but missing in code table--&gt;
| 9 = 5995 &lt;!--Brava island--&gt;
| 91 = 5995 &lt;!--Brava municipality--&gt;
| 911 = 4054 &lt;!--São João Baptista parish, including 4 in Mato/Cova Galinha--&gt;
| 91101 = 481 &lt;!--Cova Rodela--&gt;
| 91102 = 612 &lt;!--Furna--&gt;
| 91103 = 65 &lt;!--João da Noly--&gt;
| 91104 = 539 &lt;!--Lem--&gt;
| 91105 = 341 &lt;!--Mato Grande--&gt;
| 91106 = 143 &lt;!--Santa Bárbara--&gt;
| 91107 = 1536 &lt;!--Nova Sintra town--&gt;
| 91108 = 84 &lt;!--Nova Sintra rural--&gt;
| 91109 = 8 &lt;!--Vinagre --&gt;
| 91110 = 228 &lt;!--Cachaço--&gt;
| 9111009 = 13 &lt;!--Cova de Joana/Lomba--&gt;
| 912 = 1917 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora do Monte parish--&gt;
| 91201 = &lt;!--Cachaço, missing in census--&gt;
| 91202 = 169 &lt;!--Campo Baixo--&gt;
| 91203 = 183 &lt;!--Cova de Joana--&gt;
| 91204 = 23 &lt;!--Cova Rodela/Figueiral--&gt;
| 91205 = 126 &lt;!--Fajã de Água--&gt;
| 91206 = 282 &lt;!--Lomba Tantum--&gt;
| 91207 = 441 &lt;!--Mato--&gt;
| 91208 = 271 &lt;!--Nossa Senhora do Monte--&gt;
| 91209 = 422 &lt;!--Tomé Barraz--&gt;
| #default = &lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Invalid metadata-key &lt;code&gt;{{{key}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;{{ns0|[[Category:Template:Metadata Population/Error]]}} }} }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Population data templates|Cape Verde]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hk4pi3w85pc2xbavigk0iag53thb7ch</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bakhaarka Kaydinta iyo Gaadiidka Shidaalka ee Mahathi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47634</id>
    <revision>
      <id>298966</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T14:24:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>298966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10024" sha1="432tcn0xguuddd978jvp91r0sxobgt4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox port
| name = Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| country = {{flag|Uganda}}
| location = Bugiri - Tuulada Bukasa, [[Wakiso District]]
| coordinates = {{coord|00|07|23|N|32|34|10|E|display=inline, title}}
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|12|30}}&lt;ref name=&quot;0R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uganda-ships-maiden-fuel-cargo-from-kisumu-port--4073616 |title=Uganda ships maiden fuel cargo from Kisumu port |work=[[Business Daily Africa]] |date=3 January 2023 |author=John Mutua |access-date=21 May 2023 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| operated =
| owner = Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited
| type = Natural/Artificial
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size =
| draft_depth =
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
| leader =
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage =
| containervolume =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic =
| revenue =
| profit =
| website = 
| blankstats1 =
}}

'''Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot''' waa xarun gaar loo leeyahay oo ku taal beriga iyo xeebta harada oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka iyo kaydinta shidaalka ee dalka [[Uganda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.psfuganda.org/15-psfu-news/304-psfu-visits-mahathi-infra-uganda-limited.html |title=PSFU visits Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |publisher=Private Sector Foundation Uganda |date=4 September 2020 |author=Private Sector Foundation Uganda | access-date=17 September 2020 |place=Kampala}}&lt;/ref&gt; Betroolka, kerosene-ka, naaftada iyo shidaalka diyaaradaha ee Jet A1 ayaa dooni looga soo qaadaa [[Kisumu]], iyadoo la soo marinayo [[Lake Victoria]] oo ku taal dalka dariska ah ee Kenya. Shidaalka ayaa lagu kaydiyaa halkan waxaana booyado loogu qaadaa meelaha ugu dambeeya ee loo destiny gareeyay oo ku yaal Uganda, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] iyo [[South Sudan]], taasoo si weyn u dhimaysa waqtiga dhalinta iyo kharashka gaadiidka.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

==Goobta==
Xaruntu waxay ku taal xeebta waqooyi-bari ee [[Lake Nalubaale]], oo ku fadhida qiyaastii {{convert|30|acre|0}}, agagaarka Bugiri-Bukasa ee [[Wakiso District]], meel ka baxsan [[Kampala–Entebbe Road]], qiyaastii {{convert|36|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, koonfur ka xigta bartamaha ganacsiga ee [[Kampala]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/MAHATHI+INFRA+UGANDA+LIMITED/@0.3683318,32.504575,12z/data=!4m19!4m18!1m10!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!3m4!1m2!1d32.5279451!2d0.184479!3s0x177d9a05ae7b1983:0x1569a93cb6b3a6d!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d8fdbe656b3e7:0x6b92e6c55ebceccd!2m2!1d32.5667661!2d0.1216634!3e0 |title=Road Distance From Central Kampala To Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|24|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, waqooyi-bari ee [[Entebbe International Airport]].&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Entebbe+aircargo+transporter,+14+Kitaasa+Rd,+Entebbe/MAHATHI+INFRA+UGANDA+LIMITED/@0.0877034,32.4344025,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d86cd37ba81af:0x9daba139d6433d1f!2m2!1d32.4417945!2d0.0435913!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d8fdbe656b3e7:0x6b92e6c55ebceccd!2m2!1d32.5667661!2d0.1216634!3e0 |title=Travel Distance Between Entebbe International Airport And Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iskuduwayaasha juqraafi ee Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot waa 00°07'23.0&quot;N, 32°34'10.0&quot;E (Latitude:0.123056; Longitude:32.569444).&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B007'23.0%22N+32%C2%B034'10.0%22E/@0.1238951,32.5648922,934m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.1230556!4d32.5694444 |title=Location of Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guud mar==
Xarunta waxaa iska leh [[consortium]], oo ka kooban (a) Mahathi Infra Group oo laga leeyahay dalka Hindiya (b) Siginon Group oo laga leeyahay dalka Kenya iyo (c) Fortune Energy oo laga leeyahay dalka Uganda. Consortium-kan ayaa diiwaangaliyay shirkad ujeeddo gaar ah leh (SPV) si ay u fuliso mashruuca. Shirkadda SPV waxaa la yiraahdaa ''Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited'' (MIUL).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kisumu jetty all set, but Uganda asks for time to fix complex parts |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |  url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kisumu-port-the-long-wait-for-kenya-as-uganda-dithers-2195370 |date=17 September 2020 |author=James Anyanzwa and Njiraini Muchira | access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaydku wuxuu leeyahay 14 taangi oo kayd ah oo awood u leh inay qaadaan {{convert|70,000,000|liter|0}} oo shidaal ah. Tani waxay oggolaanaysaa meel ku filan oo lagu ganacsado shidaalka dhex mara waddamada loo destiny gareeyay, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in Uganda ay isticmaasho oo kaliya {{convert|4,500,000|liter|0}} oo shidaal ah maalin kasta. Shirkadaha waaweyn ee saliidda ee gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Shell Oil]], [[Total SE]] iyo [[MOGAS Group|Mogas]], ayaa heshiisyo sahay ah la saxiixday Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt;

Nidaamka taangiyada kaydinta ka sokow, qaybta Uganda ee mashruuca waxay ku lug leedahay dhismaha deked yar (jetty) oo dhererkeedu yahay 220 mitir oo ay ku jiraan afar dhuumood oo u gooni ah, mid kasta oo ka mid ah afarta nooc ee shidaalka la sifeeyay. Sidoo kale, tas-hiilaadka loogu talagalay ku xirashada maraakiibta saliidda iyo dhismaha afar doonyood oo waaweyn oo booyado shidaal ah (barges), oo mid kastaaba leeyahay awood dhan {{convert|4,400,000|litre|0}}, ayaa qayb ka ah mashruuca. Dooni kasta oo barge ah waxay leedahay awood u dhiganta qiyaastii 150 booyadaha shidaalka ee dhulka ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=21 September 2019 |  url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-oil-jetty-remains-idle-a-year-on-as-uganda-construction-yet-to-take-off-1427676 |title=Kenya oil jetty remains idle a year on as Uganda construction yet to take off |access-date=17 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |author=Njiraini Muchira | location=Nairobi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kharashka iyo maalgelinta==
Wadarta kharashka mashruuca waxaa lagu qiyaasay US$270 milyan. Wadarta guud, US$70 milyan waxaa laga soo amaahday [[Equity Group Holdings|Equity Group]]. US$200 milyan ee soo hartay waxaa soo ururiyey shirkadaha xubnaha ka ah consortium-ka.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt;

==Dhismaha==
Dhismaha wuxuu bilowday sanadkii 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://observer.ug/businessnews/52800-indian-firm-wins-oil-route-on-lake-victoria |title=Indian firm wins oil route on Lake Victoria |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]] |date=10 May 2017 | author=Jeff Mbanga |access-date=17 September 2020 | location=Kampala}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markay ahayd September 2020, shaqadu waxay ahayd 80 boqolkiiba mid dhammaatay, iyadoo la filayay in la rari karo qeybta hore ee sanadka 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt; Markay ahayd October 2021, dhismuhu wuxuu ahaa mid qarka u saaran inuu dhammaado, iyadoo la filayay in hawlaha ganacsiga la bilaabo December 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=29 October 2021 | url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2021/10/mahathi-infra-uganda-oil-terminal-impress-busoga-king-kyabazinga/ |title=Mahathi Infra Uganda Oil Terminal Impress Busoga King &quot;Kyabazinga&quot; |work=[[Red Pepper (newspaper)|Red Pepper Uganda]] |author=Brian Musaasizi | access-date=30 October 2021 |location=Mukono, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii January 2022, wargeyska [[New Vision]] ayaa sheegay in hawlaha ganacsiga loo qorsheeyay inay bilowdaan March 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=[[New Vision]] |date=24 January 2021 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/125109/uganda-readies-more-kawuku-fuel-reservoirs |title=Uganda readies more Kawuku fuel reservoirs |author=Abbey Ramadhan |access-date=24 January 2022 |place=Kampala, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la dhammaystiray sanadkii 2022 waxaana shixnaddii ugu horreysay ee shidaal ah xarunta lagu helay 30 December 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;0R&quot;/&gt;

==Horumarka==
Bishii August 2023 Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited waxay maalgelin ka heshay [[Africa Finance Corporation]], oo ah qaab amaah ah oo dhan US$95.25 milyan (USh353 bilyan) si loogu isticmaalo soo iibinta kaabayaal cusub iyo ballaarinta kaydkan shidaalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;LoanR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mahathi-secures-sh353-billion-for-barges-on-lake-victoria/ |title=Mahathi secures Sh353 billion for barges on Lake Victoria |work=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] |date=24 August 2023 |author=Uganda Radio Network | access-date=26 August 2023 | location=Kampala, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalgelintan, MIUL waxay qorshaynaysaa inay fuliso kuwan soo socda:&lt;ref name=&quot;LoanR&quot;/&gt;

* Dhisidda laba doonyood oo cusub (barges) kuwaas oo shidaalka ka soo qaadi doona [[Kisumu]], Kenya, iyadoo la marsiinayo Lake Victoria ilaa Uganda
* Dhisidda meelaha wax lagu raro ee loogu talagalay 20 booyadaha shidaalka ah
* Dhisidda meel baarkin ah oo qaadi karta 50 booyadaha shidaalka ah.

Horaantii sanadkii 2023, shirkaddu waxay muujisay niyaddeeda ku aaddan inay dhigto dhuumaha shidaalka la sifeeyay oo dhexmara Uganda iyo Rwanda si shidaalka la sifeeyay loogu qaado dalka dambe. Tani waxay yarayn doontaa ciriiriga, waxyeellada iyo xirashada waddooyinka Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;PipeR&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=[[Daily Monitor]] |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-in-support-of-initiative-to-set-up-oil-pipeline-to-rwanda-4298914 | title=Govt in support of initiative to set up oil pipeline to Rwanda |date=10 July 2023 |author=Eve Muganga |access-date=26 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
* [[Bukasa Inland Port]]

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://www.works.go.ug/component/k2/item/55-infra-mahathi-project-oil-jetti-entebbe About Mahathi Infra Uganda Refined Oil Products Project]
* [https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1419512/president-meets-victoria-fuel-transport-investors President meets L. Victoria fuel transport investors] Markay ahayd 14 March 2016.

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| name = Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| country = {{flag|Uganda}}
| location = Bugiri - Tuulada Bukasa, [[Wakiso District]]
| coordinates = {{coord|00|07|23|N|32|34|10|E|display=inline, title}}
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|12|30}}&lt;ref name=&quot;0R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uganda-ships-maiden-fuel-cargo-from-kisumu-port--4073616 |title=Uganda ships maiden fuel cargo from Kisumu port |work=[[Business Daily Africa]] |date=3 January 2023 |author=John Mutua |access-date=21 May 2023 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| operated =
| owner = Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited
| type = Natural/Artificial
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
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| draft_depth =
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
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| blankstats1 =
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'''Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot''' waa xarun gaar loo leeyahay oo ku taal beriga iyo xeebta harada oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka iyo kaydinta shidaalka ee dalka [[Uganda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.psfuganda.org/15-psfu-news/304-psfu-visits-mahathi-infra-uganda-limited.html |title=PSFU visits Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |publisher=Private Sector Foundation Uganda |date=4 September 2020 |author=Private Sector Foundation Uganda | access-date=17 September 2020 |place=Kampala}}&lt;/ref&gt; Betroolka, kerosene-ka, naaftada iyo shidaalka diyaaradaha ee Jet A1 ayaa dooni looga soo qaadaa [[Kisumu]], iyadoo la soo marinayo [[Lake Victoria]] oo ku taal dalka dariska ah ee Kenya. Shidaalka ayaa lagu kaydiyaa halkan waxaana booyado loogu qaadaa meelaha ugu dambeeya ee loo destiny gareeyay oo ku yaal Uganda, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] iyo [[South Sudan]], taasoo si weyn u dhimaysa waqtiga dhalinta iyo kharashka gaadiidka.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

==Goobta==
Xaruntu waxay ku taal xeebta waqooyi-bari ee [[Lake Nalubaale]], oo ku fadhida qiyaastii {{convert|30|acre|0}}, agagaarka Bugiri-Bukasa ee [[Wakiso District]], meel ka baxsan [[Kampala–Entebbe Road]], qiyaastii {{convert|36|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, koonfur ka xigta bartamaha ganacsiga ee [[Kampala]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/MAHATHI+INFRA+UGANDA+LIMITED/@0.3683318,32.504575,12z/data=!4m19!4m18!1m10!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!3m4!1m2!1d32.5279451!2d0.184479!3s0x177d9a05ae7b1983:0x1569a93cb6b3a6d!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d8fdbe656b3e7:0x6b92e6c55ebceccd!2m2!1d32.5667661!2d0.1216634!3e0 |title=Road Distance From Central Kampala To Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|24|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, waqooyi-bari ee [[Entebbe International Airport]].&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Entebbe+aircargo+transporter,+14+Kitaasa+Rd,+Entebbe/MAHATHI+INFRA+UGANDA+LIMITED/@0.0877034,32.4344025,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d86cd37ba81af:0x9daba139d6433d1f!2m2!1d32.4417945!2d0.0435913!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d8fdbe656b3e7:0x6b92e6c55ebceccd!2m2!1d32.5667661!2d0.1216634!3e0 |title=Travel Distance Between Entebbe International Airport And Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iskuduwayaasha juqraafi ee Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot waa 00°07'23.0&quot;N, 32°34'10.0&quot;E (Latitude:0.123056; Longitude:32.569444).&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B007'23.0%22N+32%C2%B034'10.0%22E/@0.1238951,32.5648922,934m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.1230556!4d32.5694444 |title=Location of Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot |access-date=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guud mar==
Xarunta waxaa iska leh [[consortium]], oo ka kooban (a) Mahathi Infra Group oo laga leeyahay dalka Hindiya (b) Siginon Group oo laga leeyahay dalka Kenya iyo (c) Fortune Energy oo laga leeyahay dalka Uganda. Consortium-kan ayaa diiwaangaliyay shirkad ujeeddo gaar ah leh (SPV) si ay u fuliso mashruuca. Shirkadda SPV waxaa la yiraahdaa ''Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited'' (MIUL).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kisumu jetty all set, but Uganda asks for time to fix complex parts |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kisumu-port-the-long-wait-for-kenya-as-uganda-dithers-2195370 |date=17 September 2020 |author=James Anyanzwa and Njiraini Muchira |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-date=18 Bisha Sagaalaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918005839/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kisumu-port-the-long-wait-for-kenya-as-uganda-dithers-2195370 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaydku wuxuu leeyahay 14 taangi oo kayd ah oo awood u leh inay qaadaan {{convert|70,000,000|liter|0}} oo shidaal ah. Tani waxay oggolaanaysaa meel ku filan oo lagu ganacsado shidaalka dhex mara waddamada loo destiny gareeyay, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in Uganda ay isticmaasho oo kaliya {{convert|4,500,000|liter|0}} oo shidaal ah maalin kasta. Shirkadaha waaweyn ee saliidda ee gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Shell Oil]], [[Total SE]] iyo [[MOGAS Group|Mogas]], ayaa heshiisyo sahay ah la saxiixday Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt;

Nidaamka taangiyada kaydinta ka sokow, qaybta Uganda ee mashruuca waxay ku lug leedahay dhismaha deked yar (jetty) oo dhererkeedu yahay 220 mitir oo ay ku jiraan afar dhuumood oo u gooni ah, mid kasta oo ka mid ah afarta nooc ee shidaalka la sifeeyay. Sidoo kale, tas-hiilaadka loogu talagalay ku xirashada maraakiibta saliidda iyo dhismaha afar doonyood oo waaweyn oo booyado shidaal ah (barges), oo mid kastaaba leeyahay awood dhan {{convert|4,400,000|litre|0}}, ayaa qayb ka ah mashruuca. Dooni kasta oo barge ah waxay leedahay awood u dhiganta qiyaastii 150 booyadaha shidaalka ee dhulka ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=21 September 2019 |  url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-oil-jetty-remains-idle-a-year-on-as-uganda-construction-yet-to-take-off-1427676 |title=Kenya oil jetty remains idle a year on as Uganda construction yet to take off |access-date=17 September 2020 |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |author=Njiraini Muchira | location=Nairobi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kharashka iyo maalgelinta==
Wadarta kharashka mashruuca waxaa lagu qiyaasay US$270 milyan. Wadarta guud, US$70 milyan waxaa laga soo amaahday [[Equity Group Holdings|Equity Group]]. US$200 milyan ee soo hartay waxaa soo ururiyey shirkadaha xubnaha ka ah consortium-ka.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt;

==Dhismaha==
Dhismaha wuxuu bilowday sanadkii 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://observer.ug/businessnews/52800-indian-firm-wins-oil-route-on-lake-victoria |title=Indian firm wins oil route on Lake Victoria |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]] |date=10 May 2017 | author=Jeff Mbanga |access-date=17 September 2020 | location=Kampala}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markay ahayd September 2020, shaqadu waxay ahayd 80 boqolkiiba mid dhammaatay, iyadoo la filayay in la rari karo qeybta hore ee sanadka 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt; Markay ahayd October 2021, dhismuhu wuxuu ahaa mid qarka u saaran inuu dhammaado, iyadoo la filayay in hawlaha ganacsiga la bilaabo December 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=29 October 2021 | url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2021/10/mahathi-infra-uganda-oil-terminal-impress-busoga-king-kyabazinga/ |title=Mahathi Infra Uganda Oil Terminal Impress Busoga King &quot;Kyabazinga&quot; |work=[[Red Pepper (newspaper)|Red Pepper Uganda]] |author=Brian Musaasizi | access-date=30 October 2021 |location=Mukono, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii January 2022, wargeyska [[New Vision]] ayaa sheegay in hawlaha ganacsiga loo qorsheeyay inay bilowdaan March 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=[[New Vision]] |date=24 January 2021 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/125109/uganda-readies-more-kawuku-fuel-reservoirs |title=Uganda readies more Kawuku fuel reservoirs |author=Abbey Ramadhan |access-date=24 January 2022 |place=Kampala, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la dhammaystiray sanadkii 2022 waxaana shixnaddii ugu horreysay ee shidaal ah xarunta lagu helay 30 December 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;0R&quot;/&gt;

==Horumarka==
Bishii August 2023 Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited waxay maalgelin ka heshay [[Africa Finance Corporation]], oo ah qaab amaah ah oo dhan US$95.25 milyan (USh353 bilyan) si loogu isticmaalo soo iibinta kaabayaal cusub iyo ballaarinta kaydkan shidaalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;LoanR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mahathi-secures-sh353-billion-for-barges-on-lake-victoria/ |title=Mahathi secures Sh353 billion for barges on Lake Victoria |work=[[The Independent (Uganda)]] |date=24 August 2023 |author=Uganda Radio Network | access-date=26 August 2023 | location=Kampala, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalgelintan, MIUL waxay qorshaynaysaa inay fuliso kuwan soo socda:&lt;ref name=&quot;LoanR&quot;/&gt;

* Dhisidda laba doonyood oo cusub (barges) kuwaas oo shidaalka ka soo qaadi doona [[Kisumu]], Kenya, iyadoo la marsiinayo Lake Victoria ilaa Uganda
* Dhisidda meelaha wax lagu raro ee loogu talagalay 20 booyadaha shidaalka ah
* Dhisidda meel baarkin ah oo qaadi karta 50 booyadaha shidaalka ah.

Horaantii sanadkii 2023, shirkaddu waxay muujisay niyaddeeda ku aaddan inay dhigto dhuumaha shidaalka la sifeeyay oo dhexmara Uganda iyo Rwanda si shidaalka la sifeeyay loogu qaado dalka dambe. Tani waxay yarayn doontaa ciriiriga, waxyeellada iyo xirashada waddooyinka Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;PipeR&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=[[Daily Monitor]] |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-in-support-of-initiative-to-set-up-oil-pipeline-to-rwanda-4298914 | title=Govt in support of initiative to set up oil pipeline to Rwanda |date=10 July 2023 |author=Eve Muganga |access-date=26 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
* [[Bukasa Inland Port]]

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://www.works.go.ug/component/k2/item/55-infra-mahathi-project-oil-jetti-entebbe About Mahathi Infra Uganda Refined Oil Products Project]
* [https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1419512/president-meets-victoria-fuel-transport-investors President meets L. Victoria fuel transport investors] Markay ahayd 14 March 2016.

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    <title>Butiaba</title>
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      <text bytes="6947" sha1="kui5ih5sfg3hcqpeuedy0jr7yc6roq7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Butiaba
|image_skyline = 
|nickname= 
|image_flag = 
|image_caption = Butiaba
|image_seal = 
|image_map = 
|mapsize = 150px
|pushpin_map_caption = Khariiddada Uganda oo muujinaysa goobta ay Butiaba ku taal&lt;br/&gt;'''Meelaynta khariiddada waa qiyaas'''.
|pushpin_map = Uganda
|subdivision_type = Dalka
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Uganda}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Uganda|Gobolka]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Western Region, Uganda|Galbeedka Uganda]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Sub-region|Gobol-hoose]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Bunyoro sub-region|Gobol-hooseedka Bunyoro]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Uganda|Degmada]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Buliisa District]]
|subdivision_type4 = 
|subdivision_name4 = 
|leader_title = 
|leader_name =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 =  
|area_land_km2 =  
|area_water_km2 = 
|population_as_of = Qiyaasta 2020
|population_urban = 
|population_note = 
|population_total = 
|population_metro = 
|timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] 
|utc_offset = +3
|coordinates = {{coord|01|49|08|N|31|19|33|E|region:UG|display=inline, title}}
|elevation_m =622
|latitude =   
|longitude =            
|website = 
|footnotes = 
}}

'''Butiaba''', waa magaalo ku taal [[Western Region, Uganda|Gobolka Galbeedka]] ee dalka Uganda. Waa magaalo kaluumaysi iyo goob weyn oo laga soo dego oo ku taal xeebta Harada Albert, ee dalka Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/388348/ | title=ASTF Project helping Lake Albert youth through cage fish farming |work=FAO Regional Office for Africa |date=2018 |
author=FAO News |access-date=9 August 2021 |place=Accra, Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Goobta==
Butiaba waxay ku taal xeebta bari ee [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Harada Albert]], ee gudaha [[Buliisa District|Degmada Buliisa]], ee [[Bunyoro sub-region|gobol-hooseedka Bunyoro]] ee Galbeedka Uganda. Butiaba waxay qiyaastii {{convert|47.5|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa xarunta dhexe ee degmada ee [[Buliisa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bulisa+District+Headquaters,+Bulisa/Butiaba/@1.9483214,31.1209241,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x176ff7dea497c391:0xf6e3e48bb4cd678b!2m2!1d31.4180662!2d2.1037984!1m5!1m1!1s0x17653f16d02b1f05:0xeb5151d886c848c!2m2!1d31.324287!2d1.815151!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Buliisa District Headquarters, Buliisa, Uganda And Butiaba, Uganda With Map |access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Butiaba waxay qiyaastii {{convert|58|km|0}} dhanka waqooyi ka xigtaa [[Hoima]], oo ah magaalada ugu weyn gobol-hooseedka Bunyoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| 
url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Hoima/Butiaba/@1.6222772,31.2105788,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1764c4a7b499f725:0x8745fcdfa38aa3ed!2m2!1d31.3484448!2d1.4273554!1m5!1m1!1s0x17653f16d02b1f05:0xeb5151d886c848c!2m2!1d31.324287!2d1.815151!3e0 | title=Road Distance Between Hoima City, Uganda And Butiaba, Uganda With Map |access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Goobtani waxay qiyaastii {{convert|257|km|0}}, dhanka wadada, waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa [[Kampala]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|
url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala+Road,+Kampala/Butiaba/@0.3304373,31.4668263,8.5z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177db905c213a709:0x65794ed5c349e23e!2m2!1d32.5809105!2d0.3133012!1m5!1m1!1s0x17653f16d02b1f05:0xeb5151d886c848c!2m2!1d31.324287!2d1.815151!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda And Butiaba, Uganda With Interactive Map |access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iskuduwayaasha Butiaba waa: 1°49'08.0&quot;N, 31°19'33.0&quot;E (Latitude:1.818889; Longitude:31.325833).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B049'08.0%22N+31%C2%B019'33.0%22E/@1.7900113,31.2945191,11690m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.1230556!4d32.5694444 |title=Location of Butiaba Town Council, Buliisa District, Western Region, Uganda |
access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Butiaba waxay ku taal celcelis ahaan joog sare oo gaaraya {{convert|622|m|0}} ka sarreeya [[mean sea level|heerka badda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| work=Fallingrain.com |date=9 August 2021 |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/UG/C5/Butiaba.html | title=Elevation of Butiaba, Uganda |author=Fallingrain |
access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guud mar==
Nuskii hore ee qarnigii 20-aad, Butiaba waxay ahayd xarun muhiim ah oo dhanka gaadiidka ah, halkaas oo badeecadaha ka yimaada bariga [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) iyo kuwa ka yimaada [[South Sudan]] dooni looga soo rari jiray guud ahaan [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Harada Albert]] ilaa Dekedda Butiaba. Marka la joogo Butiaba, badeecadaha waxaa dhulka lagu wareejin jiray iyadoo la marsiinayo [[Masindi]] ilaa Dekedda Masindi. Marka la joogo Dekedda Masindi, wax-soo-saarka waxaa lagu rari jiray doonyaha waaweyn ee [[barge]]s-ka ah, waxaana la dhex marsiin jiray [[Lake Kyoga]] ilaa [[Soroti]]. Marka la joogo Soroti, waxaa lagu rari jiray baabuurta tareenka si loogu qaado tareen ahaan ilaa [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]], oo ku taal [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]], si loogu dhoofiyo dibadda. Badeecadaha iyo alaabooyinka dibadda laga soo dhoofiyo waxaa loo soo rari jiray isla wadadaas, laakiin si beddel ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;/&gt;

Markii shirkaddii East African Railways Corporation la kala diray 1970-yadii, caannimadii Butiaba way hoos u dhacday dekedduna waxay noqotay mid fadhiidata. Kayd weyn oo [[petroleum|batrool]] ah ayaa tan iyo xilligaas laga helay dhulka dhexdiisa iyo harada hoosteeda meel u dhow Butiaba. Soo noolaynta Dekedda Butiaba si ay door uga qaadato gaadiidka qalabka, shaqaalaha, iyo batroolka ayaa hadda la tixgelinayaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Butiaba Port To Be Redeveloped As Route For Oil Transportation |date=22 April 2008 | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200804211980.html |
work=[[Daily Monitor]] via [[AllAfrica.com]] |author=Andrew Bagala |access-date=18 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1530086/uganda-inches-closer-oil-revenue |title=Uganda inches closer to oil revenue | work=[[New Vision]] |date=October 2020 | author= New Vision | access-date=9 August 2021 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka==
Markay ahayd July 2014, tirada rasmiga ah ee dadka Butiaba deggen lama ogeyn. Tirakoobka guud ee dadka ee dalka Uganda wuxuu dhacay August 2014 laakiin natiijadu weli ma soo bixin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=26402:uganda-census-planned-for-2014-title=Uganda|title=Uganda Census Planned for 2014| last=Ninsiima|first=Racheal|date=14 July 2013|accessdate=18 July 2014|publisher=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Goobaha muhiimka ah==
Harada Albert - Mid ka mid ah harooyinka ku yaal [[Western Rift Valley]]. Xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhexeeya DRC iyo Uganda ayaa dhex mara haradan.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;/&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Mashruuca Dekedda Rakaabka iyo Doonta RoRo ee Zanzibar</title>
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      <text bytes="10513" sha1="f1hu3ysv2ilzfa4vrdtvabklbrc6qyk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
| name = Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project
| image = Zanzibar Ferry Terminal Rendering.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Muqaalka naqshadda dekedda la qorsheeyay, Zanzibar
| location = Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), [[Unguja]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzania]]
| coordinates = 
| groundbreaking_date = November 2024
| completion_date = 2027 (la qiyaasay)
| cost = US$250 milyan (Wajiga A)
| developer = [https://www.zfdevco.com/ Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)]
| building_type = Dekedda rakaabka iyo doomaha RoRo feri
| size = 29 Ha
| seating_capacity = 3 milyan oo rakaab ah sanadkii
| owner = [https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]
}}

Mashruuca '''Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Maruhubi Ferry Terminal Project''') waa horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo ku salaysan [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]] ee Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), oo ku taal [[Unguja|Jasiiradda Unguja]], Zanzibar, Tanzania. Mashruucan waxaa hormuud ka ah shirkadda Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zfdevco.com/|title=ZF Devco|date=October 6, 2025|website=ZF Devco}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo [[partnership|iskaashi]] la samaynaysa [[Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar|Dawladda Kacaanka ee Zanzibar]] iyada oo loo marayo Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar (Zanzibar Ports Corporation).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zpc.go.tz/|title=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation|website=www.zpc.go.tz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka ballaaran ee dawladda ee lagu casriyeynayo [[maritime transport|gaadiidka badda]] iyo in lagu hagaajiyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya Zanzibar iyo dhul-waynaha Tanzania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=2024-08-20 |title=Dutch entity to construct a new terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://magazine.feaffa.com/dutch-entity-to-construct-a-new-terminal-in-zanzibar/ |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Freight Logistics Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-02-05 |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.constructionbriefing.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Construction Briefing |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==

Dawladdu waxay u qoondeysay qiyaastii US$250 milyan deked cusub oo rakaab ah oo laga dhisayo Maruhubi si loo yareeyo culeyska saaran Malindi loona u hoggaansamo heerarka caalamiga ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar sets out $250m for modernised passenger port |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/the-guardian/news/local-news/read/zanzibar-sets-out-250m-for-modernised-passenger-port-2025-08-28-083139 |publisher=The Guardian (Zanzibar) |date=28 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maamulka ayaa rajeynaya in marka la gaaro sanadka 2027 dhammaan hawlihii rakaabka ee hadda laga fulin jiray Malindi loo wareejin doono dekedda cusub ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar charts path to become EA new trade hub |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/zanzibar-charts-path-to-become-ea-new-trade-hub/ |publisher=Daily News (Tanzania) |date=30 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naqshadaynta, Horumarinta iyo Isbahaysiga ==

Mashruucan waxaa lagu horumarinayaa habka [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]]. Billowgii sanadkii 2024, Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar waxay heshiis tanaasul ah ([[Concession (contract)|concession agreement]]) la saxiixatay shirkadda ZF Devco b.v., oo ah isbahaysi ka kooban shirkado u dhashay dalka Holland iyo Tanzania, si ay u dhisaan, u maalgeliyaan, u naqshadeeyaan, u weyneeyaan, ugana hawlgalaan xarunta cusub. Shirkadda [[Clyde &amp; Co]] ayaa bixisay adeegyo la-talin sharci oo ku saabsan heshiiskan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Clyde &amp; Co advises ZF Devco on development of a new Passenger Ferry and Ro-Ro Terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://www.clydeco.com/en/about/news/2024/02/clyde-co-advises-zf-devco-on-new-passenger-ferry |publisher=Clyde &amp; Co |date=1 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isbahaysiga naqshadaynta iyo qorshaynta waxaa ka mid ah shirkadaha [[C Concept Design|C Concept Design b.v.]], Rebel,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rebelgroup.com/nl/|title=Adviseur en investeerder voor de toekomst &amp;#124; Rebel|date=January 8, 2024|website=Rebelgroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; Delta Marine Consultants,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dmc.nl/|title=DMC &amp;#124;|website=www.dmc.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; OrangeGaia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://orangegaia.com/|title=OrangeGaia - Invest with Purpose|website=orangegaia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Borgh Go,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://borghgo.com/|title=Borgh Go|website=Borgh Go}}&lt;/ref&gt; CDR,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cdr-international.nl/|title=Home - CDR International}}&lt;/ref&gt; MultiStruct,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.multistruct.co.tz/|title=MultiStruct Tanzania Ltd (MSL)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songoro Marine Transport,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://songoromarine.com/|title=Songoro Marine Transport LTD – Specialists in shipbuilding &amp; marine construction|website=Songoro Marine Transport LTD}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Kengo TZ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kengo.africa/|title=Kengo Strategic Consulting Tanzania|website=Kengo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qorshaha guud wuxuu ka kooban yahay dekedda rakaabka, dekedda baabuurta ee [[Roll-on/roll-off|RoRo]] (roll-on/roll-off), adeegyada bulshada, hoteelo iyo meelo lagu nasto, goobo carwooyin iyo goobo ganacsi oo tafaariiq ah. Sifooyinka [[Sustainability|waara]] sida [[solar energy|tamarta qorraxda]], haynta biyaha, iyo [[Rainwater harvesting|ururinta biyaha roobka]] ayaa lagu dhex daray qorshaha.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Machadka [[Jane Goodall Institute|The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI)]] ee Zanzibar ayaa gacan ka geystay raridda iyo dhowrista dhirta [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka) ee mashruuca.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and Jane Goodall Institute complete successful mangrove conservation relocation in Zanzibar |url=https://zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-jane-goodall-institute-complete-successful-mangrove-conservation-relocation-in-zanzibar |publisher=ZF Devco |date=2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baaxadda Mashruuca iyo Wajiyada ==

Goobta horumarinta waxay ku fadhidaa qiyaastii 29 hektar, oo ay ku jirto 19 hektar oo ah [[Land reclamation|dhul bad laga soo dhigay]], oo ku yaal waqooyiga [[Stone Town]] ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar unveil partnership for the development of the Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-the-revolutionary-government-of-zanzibar-rgov-unveil-partnership-for-the-development-of-the-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal-in-zanzibar-tanzania |publisher=ZF Devco |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wajiga A (Wajiga A.1, Wajiga A.2 iyo Wajiga A.3) wuxuu diiradda saarayaa kaabayaasha badda ee muhiimka ah: dekedda rakaabka feri ([[Maritime passenger terminal|passenger ferry terminal]] oo qiyaastii ah 22,000 m²), dekedda RoRo (qiyaastii ah 4,000 m²), iyo tas-hiilaadka bulshada. Wajiyada dambe waxaa la filayaa in lagu kordhiyo xarun [[Logistics center|loojistiko]], goobo carwooyin, xafiisyo, hoteelo, meelo ganacsi, iyo suurtoogalnimada tas-hiilaad loogu talagalay [[water taxi|tagsiyada biyaha]] iyo [[seaplane|diyaaradaha badda ku dega]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar signs US$400 million deal for passenger port construction |url=https://abdas.org/2024/01/31/zanzibar-signs-us400-million-deal-for-passenger-port-construction/ |publisher=African Business Development Association |date=31 January 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta maalgashiga dhammaan wajiyada waxaa lagu qiyaasay inta u dhaxaysa US$350 milyan iyo US$400 milyan, iyadoo Wajiga A lagu qiimeeyay ku dhawaad US$250 milyan.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.khl.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |publisher=KHL |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha ==

[[Construction|Dhismaha]] wuxuu si rasmi ah u bilowday bishii November 2024 iyadoo la bilaabay Wajiga A.1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Construction Begins on Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/news/construction-begins-on-zanzibar-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |date=21 November 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta muddada dhismaha waxaa loo proshiyeeyay 36 bilood, iyadoo la filayo in la dhammaystiro marka la gaaro 2027.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Saamaynta ==

Dekedda waxaa la filayaa inay yarayso ciriiriga ka jira Dekedda Malindi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malindi Port  |url=https://zpc.go.tz/malindi_port.php |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; inay hagaajiso badbaadada rakaabka, iyo inay xoojiso booska Zanzibar ee xarun baddood oo ku taal galbeedka [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa tillaabo muhiim ah oo horay loogu qaaday istiraatiijiyadda Dhaqaalaha Buluugga ah ee jasiiradaha iyadoo la kordhinayo awoodda [[trade|ganacsiga]] iyo [[tourism|dalxiiska]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;/&gt;

Caqabadaha lagu xusay warbixinnada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah waxaa ka mid ah baahida loo qabo in la cusriyeeyo xiriirka [[Transport in Tanzania|gaadiidka]], tas-hiilaadka [[customs|canshuuraha]] (kastamka), iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ee nidaamka deegaanka [[Mangrove forest|kaymaha mungrove-ka]] ee u dhow.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Mashaariicda La Xiriira ==

Dekedda Maruhubi waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamij ballaaran oo ku saabsan ballaarinta iyo casriyeynta dekedaha Zanzibar. Hindisayaasha kale waxaa ka mid ah horumarinta Dekedda [[Mangapwani]], ballaarinta Dekedda Kontaynarada ee [[Fumba]], iyo horumarinta tas-hiilaad cusub oo loogu talagalay maaraynta [[cargo|shixnadaha xamuulka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;/&gt;

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==

*[https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]
*[https://www.zfdevco.com/ ZF Devco b.v.]
*{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}

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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="10484" sha1="nftjdoru074eu7bz3oood13mx79kwf5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
| name = Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project
| image = Zanzibar Ferry Terminal Rendering.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Muqaalka naqshadda dekedda la qorsheeyay, Zanzibar
| location = Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), [[Unguja]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzania]]
| coordinates = 
| groundbreaking_date = November 2024
| completion_date = 2027 (la qiyaasay)
| cost = US$250 milyan (Wajiga A)
| developer = [https://www.zfdevco.com/ Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)]
| building_type = Dekedda rakaabka iyo doomaha RoRo feri
| size = 29 Ha
| seating_capacity = 3 milyan oo rakaab ah sanadkii
| owner = [https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]
}}

Mashruuca '''Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Maruhubi Ferry Terminal Project''') waa horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo ku salaysan [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]] ee Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), oo ku taal [[Unguja|Jasiiradda Unguja]], Zanzibar, Tanzania. Mashruucan waxaa hormuud ka ah shirkadda Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zfdevco.com/|title=ZF Devco|date=October 6, 2025|website=ZF Devco}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo [[partnership|iskaashi]] la samaynaysa [[Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar|Dawladda Kacaanka ee Zanzibar]] iyada oo loo marayo Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar (Zanzibar Ports Corporation).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zpc.go.tz/|title=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation|website=www.zpc.go.tz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka ballaaran ee dawladda ee lagu casriyeynayo [[maritime transport|gaadiidka badda]] iyo in lagu hagaajiyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya Zanzibar iyo dhul-waynaha Tanzania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=2024-08-20 |title=Dutch entity to construct a new terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://magazine.feaffa.com/dutch-entity-to-construct-a-new-terminal-in-zanzibar/ |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Freight Logistics Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-02-05 |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.constructionbriefing.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Construction Briefing |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==

Dawladdu waxay u qoondeysay qiyaastii US$250 milyan deked cusub oo rakaab ah oo laga dhisayo Maruhubi si loo yareeyo culeyska saaran Malindi loona u hoggaansamo heerarka caalamiga ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar sets out $250m for modernised passenger port |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/the-guardian/news/local-news/read/zanzibar-sets-out-250m-for-modernised-passenger-port-2025-08-28-083139 |publisher=The Guardian (Zanzibar) |date=28 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maamulka ayaa rajeynaya in marka la gaaro sanadka 2027 dhammaan hawlihii rakaabka ee hadda laga fulin jiray Malindi loo wareejin doono dekedda cusub ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar charts path to become EA new trade hub |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/zanzibar-charts-path-to-become-ea-new-trade-hub/ |publisher=Daily News (Tanzania) |date=30 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naqshadaynta, Horumarinta iyo Isbahaysiga ==

Mashruucan waxaa lagu horumarinayaa habka [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]]. Billowgii sanadkii 2024, Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar waxay heshiis tanaasul ah ([[Concession (contract)|concession agreement]]) la saxiixatay shirkadda ZF Devco b.v., oo ah isbahaysi ka kooban shirkado u dhashay dalka Holland iyo Tanzania, si ay u dhisaan, u maalgeliyaan, u naqshadeeyaan, u weyneeyaan, ugana hawlgalaan xarunta cusub. Shirkadda [[Clyde &amp; Co]] ayaa bixisay adeegyo la-talin sharci oo ku saabsan heshiiskan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Clyde &amp; Co advises ZF Devco on development of a new Passenger Ferry and Ro-Ro Terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://www.clydeco.com/en/about/news/2024/02/clyde-co-advises-zf-devco-on-new-passenger-ferry |publisher=Clyde &amp; Co |date=1 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isbahaysiga naqshadaynta iyo qorshaynta waxaa ka mid ah shirkadaha [[C Concept Design|C Concept Design b.v.]], Rebel,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rebelgroup.com/nl/|title=Adviseur en investeerder voor de toekomst &amp;#124; Rebel|date=January 8, 2024|website=Rebelgroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; Delta Marine Consultants,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dmc.nl/|title=DMC &amp;#124;|website=www.dmc.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; OrangeGaia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://orangegaia.com/|title=OrangeGaia - Invest with Purpose|website=orangegaia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Borgh Go,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://borghgo.com/|title=Borgh Go|website=Borgh Go}}&lt;/ref&gt; CDR,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cdr-international.nl/|title=Home - CDR International}}&lt;/ref&gt; MultiStruct,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.multistruct.co.tz/|title=MultiStruct Tanzania Ltd (MSL)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songoro Marine Transport,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://songoromarine.com/|title=Songoro Marine Transport LTD – Specialists in shipbuilding &amp; marine construction|website=Songoro Marine Transport LTD}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Kengo TZ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kengo.africa/|title=Kengo Strategic Consulting Tanzania|website=Kengo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qorshaha guud wuxuu ka kooban yahay dekedda rakaabka, dekedda baabuurta ee [[Roll-on/roll-off|RoRo]] (roll-on/roll-off), adeegyada bulshada, hoteelo iyo meelo lagu nasto, goobo carwooyin iyo goobo ganacsi oo tafaariiq ah. Sifooyinka [[Sustainability|waara]] sida [[solar energy|tamarta qorraxda]], haynta biyaha, iyo [[Rainwater harvesting|ururinta biyaha roobka]] ayaa lagu dhex daray qorshaha.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Machadka [[Jane Goodall Institute|The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI)]] ee Zanzibar ayaa gacan ka geystay raridda iyo dhowrista dhirta [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka) ee mashruuca.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and Jane Goodall Institute complete successful mangrove conservation relocation in Zanzibar |url=https://zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-jane-goodall-institute-complete-successful-mangrove-conservation-relocation-in-zanzibar |publisher=ZF Devco |date=2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baaxadda Mashruuca iyo Wajiyada ==

Goobta horumarinta waxay ku fadhidaa qiyaastii 29 hektar, oo ay ku jirto 19 hektar oo ah [[Land reclamation|dhul bad laga soo dhigay]], oo ku yaal waqooyiga [[Stone Town]] ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar unveil partnership for the development of the Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-the-revolutionary-government-of-zanzibar-rgov-unveil-partnership-for-the-development-of-the-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal-in-zanzibar-tanzania |publisher=ZF Devco |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wajiga A (Wajiga A.1, Wajiga A.2 iyo Wajiga A.3) wuxuu diiradda saarayaa kaabayaasha badda ee muhiimka ah: dekedda rakaabka feri (terminaalka doonta rakaabka oo qiyaastii ah 22,000 m²), dekedda RoRo (qiyaastii ah 4,000 m²), iyo tas-hiilaadka bulshada. Wajiyada dambe waxaa la filayaa in lagu kordhiyo xarun [[Logistics center|loojistiko]], goobo carwooyin, xafiisyo, hoteelo, meelo ganacsi, iyo suurtoogalnimada tas-hiilaad loogu talagalay [[water taxi|tagsiyada biyaha]] iyo [[seaplane|diyaaradaha badda ku dega]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar signs US$400 million deal for passenger port construction |url=https://abdas.org/2024/01/31/zanzibar-signs-us400-million-deal-for-passenger-port-construction/ |publisher=African Business Development Association |date=31 January 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta maalgashiga dhammaan wajiyada waxaa lagu qiyaasay inta u dhaxaysa US$350 milyan iyo US$400 milyan, iyadoo Wajiga A lagu qiimeeyay ku dhawaad US$250 milyan.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.khl.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |publisher=KHL |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha ==

[[Construction|Dhismaha]] wuxuu si rasmi ah u bilowday bishii November 2024 iyadoo la bilaabay Wajiga A.1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Construction Begins on Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/news/construction-begins-on-zanzibar-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |date=21 November 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta muddada dhismaha waxaa loo proshiyeeyay 36 bilood, iyadoo la filayo in la dhammaystiro marka la gaaro 2027.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Saamaynta ==

Dekedda waxaa la filayaa inay yarayso ciriiriga ka jira Dekedda Malindi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malindi Port  |url=https://zpc.go.tz/malindi_port.php |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; inay hagaajiso badbaadada rakaabka, iyo inay xoojiso booska Zanzibar ee xarun baddood oo ku taal galbeedka [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa tillaabo muhiim ah oo horay loogu qaaday istiraatiijiyadda Dhaqaalaha Buluugga ah ee jasiiradaha iyadoo la kordhinayo awoodda [[trade|ganacsiga]] iyo [[tourism|dalxiiska]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;/&gt;

Caqabadaha lagu xusay warbixinnada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah waxaa ka mid ah baahida loo qabo in la cusriyeeyo xiriirka [[Transport in Tanzania|gaadiidka]], tas-hiilaadka [[customs|canshuuraha]] (kastamka), iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ee nidaamka deegaanka [[Mangrove forest|kaymaha mungrove-ka]] ee u dhow.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Mashaariicda La Xiriira ==

Dekedda Maruhubi waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamij ballaaran oo ku saabsan ballaarinta iyo casriyeynta dekedaha Zanzibar. Hindisayaasha kale waxaa ka mid ah horumarinta Dekedda [[Mangapwani]], ballaarinta Dekedda Kontaynarada ee [[Fumba]], iyo horumarinta tas-hiilaad cusub oo loogu talagalay maaraynta [[cargo|shixnadaha xamuulka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;/&gt;

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==

*[https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]
*[https://www.zfdevco.com/ ZF Devco b.v.]
*{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}

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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="10456" sha1="ecn3e0tj7d6n7segedhkyzhquxv48c7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
| name = Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project
| image = Zanzibar Ferry Terminal Rendering.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Muqaalka naqshadda dekedda la qorsheeyay, Zanzibar
| location = Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), [[Unguja]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzania]]
| coordinates = 
| groundbreaking_date = November 2024
| completion_date = 2027 (la qiyaasay)
| cost = US$250 milyan (Wajiga A)
| developer = [https://www.zfdevco.com/ Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)]
| building_type = Dekedda rakaabka iyo doomaha RoRo feri
| size = 29 Ha
| seating_capacity = 3 milyan oo rakaab ah sanadkii
| owner = [https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]
}}

Mashruuca '''Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal Project''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Maruhubi Ferry Terminal Project''') waa horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo ku salaysan [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]] ee Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), oo ku taal [[Unguja|Jasiiradda Unguja]], Zanzibar, Tanzania. Mashruucan waxaa hormuud ka ah shirkadda Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zfdevco.com/|title=ZF Devco|date=October 6, 2025|website=ZF Devco}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo [[partnership|iskaashi]] la samaynaysa [[Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar|Dawladda Kacaanka ee Zanzibar]] iyada oo loo marayo Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar (Zanzibar Ports Corporation).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.zpc.go.tz/|title=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation|website=www.zpc.go.tz}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka ballaaran ee dawladda ee lagu casriyeynayo [[maritime transport|gaadiidka badda]] iyo in lagu hagaajiyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya Zanzibar iyo dhul-waynaha Tanzania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=2024-08-20 |title=Dutch entity to construct a new terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://magazine.feaffa.com/dutch-entity-to-construct-a-new-terminal-in-zanzibar/ |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Freight Logistics Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-02-05 |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.constructionbriefing.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Construction Briefing |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==

Dawladdu waxay u qoondeysay qiyaastii US$250 milyan deked cusub oo rakaab ah oo laga dhisayo Maruhubi si loo yareeyo culeyska saaran Malindi loona u hoggaansamo heerarka caalamiga ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar sets out $250m for modernised passenger port |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/the-guardian/news/local-news/read/zanzibar-sets-out-250m-for-modernised-passenger-port-2025-08-28-083139 |publisher=The Guardian (Zanzibar) |date=28 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maamulka ayaa rajeynaya in marka la gaaro sanadka 2027 dhammaan hawlihii rakaabka ee hadda laga fulin jiray Malindi loo wareejin doono dekedda cusub ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Zanzibar charts path to become EA new trade hub |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/zanzibar-charts-path-to-become-ea-new-trade-hub/ |publisher=Daily News (Tanzania) |date=30 August 2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naqshadaynta, Horumarinta iyo Isbahaysiga ==

Mashruucan waxaa lagu horumarinayaa habka [[public–private partnership|iskaashiga dawladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay (PPP)]]. Billowgii sanadkii 2024, Shirkadda Dekedaha Zanzibar waxay heshiis tanaasul ah ([[Concession (contract)|concession agreement]]) la saxiixatay shirkadda ZF Devco b.v., oo ah isbahaysi ka kooban shirkado u dhashay dalka Holland iyo Tanzania, si ay u dhisaan, u maalgeliyaan, u naqshadeeyaan, u weyneeyaan, ugana hawlgalaan xarunta cusub. Shirkadda [[Clyde &amp; Co]] ayaa bixisay adeegyo la-talin sharci oo ku saabsan heshiiskan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Clyde &amp; Co advises ZF Devco on development of a new Passenger Ferry and Ro-Ro Terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://www.clydeco.com/en/about/news/2024/02/clyde-co-advises-zf-devco-on-new-passenger-ferry |publisher=Clyde &amp; Co |date=1 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isbahaysiga naqshadaynta iyo qorshaynta waxaa ka mid ah shirkadaha [[C Concept Design|C Concept Design b.v.]], Rebel,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://rebelgroup.com/nl/|title=Adviseur en investeerder voor de toekomst &amp;#124; Rebel|date=January 8, 2024|website=Rebelgroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; Delta Marine Consultants,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dmc.nl/|title=DMC &amp;#124;|website=www.dmc.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; OrangeGaia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://orangegaia.com/|title=OrangeGaia - Invest with Purpose|website=orangegaia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Borgh Go,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://borghgo.com/|title=Borgh Go|website=Borgh Go}}&lt;/ref&gt; CDR,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cdr-international.nl/|title=Home - CDR International}}&lt;/ref&gt; MultiStruct,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.multistruct.co.tz/|title=MultiStruct Tanzania Ltd (MSL)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Songoro Marine Transport,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://songoromarine.com/|title=Songoro Marine Transport LTD – Specialists in shipbuilding &amp; marine construction|website=Songoro Marine Transport LTD}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Kengo TZ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kengo.africa/|title=Kengo Strategic Consulting Tanzania|website=Kengo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qorshaha guud wuxuu ka kooban yahay dekedda rakaabka, dekedda baabuurta ee [[Roll-on/roll-off|RoRo]] (roll-on/roll-off), adeegyada bulshada, hoteelo iyo meelo lagu nasto, goobo carwooyin iyo goobo ganacsi oo tafaariiq ah. Sifooyinka [[Sustainability|waara]] sida [[solar energy|tamarta qorraxda]], haynta biyaha, iyo [[Rainwater harvesting|ururinta biyaha roobka]] ayaa lagu dhex daray qorshaha.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Machadka [[Jane Goodall Institute|The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI)]] ee Zanzibar ayaa gacan ka geystay raridda iyo dhowrista dhirta [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka) ee mashruuca.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and Jane Goodall Institute complete successful mangrove conservation relocation in Zanzibar |url=https://zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-jane-goodall-institute-complete-successful-mangrove-conservation-relocation-in-zanzibar |publisher=ZF Devco |date=2025 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baaxadda Mashruuca iyo Wajiyada ==

Goobta horumarinta waxay ku fadhidaa qiyaastii 29 hektar, oo ay ku jirto 19 hektar oo ah [[Land reclamation|dhul bad laga soo dhigay]], oo ku yaal waqooyiga [[Stone Town]] ee Maruhubi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ZF Devco and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar unveil partnership for the development of the Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-the-revolutionary-government-of-zanzibar-rgov-unveil-partnership-for-the-development-of-the-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal-in-zanzibar-tanzania |publisher=ZF Devco |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wajiga A (Wajiga A.1, Wajiga A.2 iyo Wajiga A.3) wuxuu diiradda saarayaa kaabayaasha badda ee muhiimka ah: dekedda rakaabka feri (terminaalka doonta rakaabka oo qiyaastii ah 22,000 m²), dekedda RoRo (qiyaastii ah 4,000 m²), iyo tas-hiilaadka bulshada. Wajiyada dambe waxaa la filayaa in lagu kordhiyo xarun [[Logistics center|loojistiko]], goobo carwooyin, xafiisyo, hoteelo, meelo ganacsi, iyo suurtoogalnimada tas-hiilaad loogu talagalay [[water taxi|tagsiyada biyaha]] iyo [[seaplane|diyaaradaha badda ku dega]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Zanzibar signs US$400 million deal for passenger port construction |url=https://abdas.org/2024/01/31/zanzibar-signs-us400-million-deal-for-passenger-port-construction/ |publisher=African Business Development Association |date=31 January 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta maalgashiga dhammaan wajiyada waxaa lagu qiyaasay inta u dhaxaysa US$350 milyan iyo US$400 milyan, iyadoo Wajiga A lagu qiimeeyay ku dhawaad US$250 milyan.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Dutch company to build ferry terminal in Tanzania |url=https://www.khl.com/news/dutch-company-to-build-ferry-terminal-in-tanzania/8034876.article |publisher=KHL |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha ==

[[Construction|Dhismaha]] wuxuu si rasmi ah u bilowday bishii November 2024 iyadoo la bilaabay Wajiga A.1.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Construction Begins on Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/news/construction-begins-on-zanzibar-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |date=21 November 2024 |access-date=6 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadarta muddada dhismaha waxaa loo proshiyeeyay 36 bilood, iyadoo la filayo in la dhammaystiro marka la gaaro 2027.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Saamaynta ==

Dekedda waxaa la filayaa inay yarayso ciriiriga ka jira Dekedda Malindi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malindi Port  |url=https://zpc.go.tz/malindi_port.php |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; inay hagaajiso badbaadada rakaabka, iyo inay xoojiso booska Zanzibar ee xarun baddood oo ku taal galbeedka [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa tillaabo muhiim ah oo horay loogu qaaday istiraatiijiyadda Dhaqaalaha Buluugga ah ee jasiiradaha iyadoo la kordhinayo awoodda [[trade|ganacsiga]] iyo [[tourism|dalxiiska]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The-Guardian-Zanzibar-2025&quot;/&gt;

Caqabadaha lagu xusay warbixinnada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah waxaa ka mid ah baahida loo qabo in la cusriyeeyo xiriirka [[Transport in Tanzania|gaadiidka]], tas-hiilaadka [[customs|canshuuraha]] (kastamka), iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ee nidaamka deegaanka [[Mangrove forest|kaymaha mungrove-ka]] ee u dhow.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHL-2024&quot;/&gt;

== Mashaariicda La Xiriira ==

Dekedda Maruhubi waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamij ballaaran oo ku saabsan ballaarinta iyo casriyeynta dekedaha Zanzibar. Hindisayaasha kale waxaa ka mid ah horumarinta Dekedda [[Mangapwani]], ballaarinta Dekedda Kontaynarada ee [[Fumba]], iyo horumarinta tas-hiilaad cusub oo loogu talagalay maaraynta [[cargo|shixnadaha xamuulka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily-News-2025&quot;/&gt;

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==

*[https://www.zpc.go.tz/ Zanzibar Ports Corporation]
*[https://www.zfdevco.com/ ZF Devco b.v.]
*{{cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |publisher=C Concept Design BV |access-date=6 October 2025}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abu Amama</title>
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      <text bytes="1771" sha1="8xqn304rfotukvi8cxeopy11hk7bk8f" xml:space="preserve">'''Abu Amama ''' waxay ahayd deked cusub oo loo qorsheeyay inay ku taallo 200&amp;nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi ka xigta [[Port Sudan]] oo ku taal [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]]. Waxay lahayd aag ganacsi oo ku xiran.
Waddo dhererkeedu yahay 450&amp;nbsp;km oo ka timaada [[Abu Hamad]], aag dhaqaale, garoon diyaaradeed iyo aag beereed oo baaxadiisu tahay 400,000 oo feddan (415,000 oo hektar) ayaa lagu daray mashruuca.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/sudan-signs-6-bln-agreement-with-emirati-consortium-develop-red-sea-port-2022-12-13/|title=Sudan to develop Red Sea port in $6-bln initial pact with Emirati group|date=December 13, 2022|via=www.reuters.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Shirkadda [[AD Ports Group]] oo laga leeyahay [[Abu Dhabi]] iyo shirkadda [[Invictus Investment]] oo laga leeyahay [[Dubai]] ayaa heshiis hordhac ah la saxiixday Sudan sanadkii 2022 si ay u dhisaan ugana hawgalaan dekedda iyo aag dhaqaale oo ku yaal Badda Cas iyadoo la isticmaalayo maalgashi dhexmaraya US$6 bilyan. Sudan waxay xaq u lahayd 35% faa'iidada maalgashiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-18 |title=UAE, Sudan To Build US$6 Billion Abu Amama Red Sea Port &amp; SEZ |url=https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/uae-sudan-to-build-us6-billion-abu-amama-red-sea-port-sez/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=Middle East Briefing}}&lt;/ref&gt;

3-dii November 2024, dawladda Sudan waxay joojisay heshiiska, iyadoo ku eaysay Abu Dhabi inay taageerto [[Rapid Support Forces]] ee ku sugan [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)|dagaalka sokeeye ee Sudan (2023–hada)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sudantribune.com/article292879/ |title=Sudan scraps $6 billion UAE port deal, citing RSF support |date=3 November 2024 |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
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      <text bytes="1769" sha1="ec3hrlrvomxxlel3705ipu9nv7j0od6" xml:space="preserve">'''Abu Amama ''' waxay ahayd deked cusub oo loo qorsheeyay inay ku taallo 200&amp;nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi ka xigta [[Port Sudan]] oo ku taal [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]]. Waxay lahayd aag ganacsi oo ku xiran.
Waddo dhererkeedu yahay 450&amp;nbsp;km oo ka timaada [[Abu Hamad]], aag dhaqaale, garoon diyaaradeed iyo aag beereed oo baaxadiisu tahay 400,000 oo feddan (415,000 oo hektar) ayaa lagu daray mashruuca.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/sudan-signs-6-bln-agreement-with-emirati-consortium-develop-red-sea-port-2022-12-13/|title=Sudan to develop Red Sea port in $6-bln initial pact with Emirati group|date=December 13, 2022|via=www.reuters.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Shirkadda [[AD Ports Group]] oo laga leeyahay [[Abu Dhabi]] iyo shirkadda [[Invictus Investment]] oo laga leeyahay [[Dubai]] ayaa heshiis hordhac ah la saxiixday Sudan sanadkii 2022 si ay u dhisaan ugana hawgalaan dekedda iyo aag dhaqaale oo ku yaal Badda Cas iyadoo la isticmaalayo maalgashi dhexmaraya US$6 bilyan. Sudan waxay xaq u lahayd 35% faa'iidada maalgashiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-18 |title=UAE, Sudan To Build US$6 Billion Abu Amama Red Sea Port &amp; SEZ |url=https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/uae-sudan-to-build-us6-billion-abu-amama-red-sea-port-sez/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=Middle East Briefing}}&lt;/ref&gt;

3-dii November 2024, dawladda Sudan waxay joojisay heshiiska, iyadoo ku eaysay Abu Dhabi inay taageerto [[Rapid Support Forces]] ee ku sugan [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)|dagaalka sokeeye ee Sudan (2023–hada)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sudantribune.com/article292879/ |title=Sudan scraps $6 billion UAE port deal, citing RSF support |date=3 November 2024 |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo==
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  <page>
    <title>Magaalada Simon</title>
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      <text bytes="19290" sha1="eq5n7r3o3frvfi7ch1ws60ig5ludqvw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Simon's Town
| native_name        = '''''Simonstad'''''
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Simons-town.jpg
  | alt1                 = Aerial View
  | image2                 = Suráfrica, Simon's Town 04.jpg
  | alt2                 = St Georges Street
  | image3                 = Queen Victoria Fountain, Jubilee Square.JPG
  | alt3                 = Jubilee Square
  | image4                 = Simon's Town waterfront.jpeg
  | alt4                 = Waterfront
  | image5                 = Simons Town Sign.jpg
  | alt5                 = Simons Town Sign}}
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|11|36|S|18|26|00|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Country|Dalka]] 
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|South Africa}} 
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] 
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Western Cape}} 
| subdivision_type2  = Degmada
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Magaalada]] 
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|City of Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Meesha Weyn
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| established_date   = 1680&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |chapter=Annexure A [Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa...] |title=The Royal Engineers and Settlement Planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, Methodology and Impact |url= http://repository.up.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/2263/26503/05back.pdf?sequence=6&amp;isAllowed=y |last=Robson |first=Linda Gillian |date=6 September 2011 |publisher=University of Pretoria |access-date=24 June 2012 |format=PDF |page=xlv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| named_for          = [[Simon van der Stel]]
| leader_party       = [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]]
| leader_title       = [[Councillor|Xildhibaan]]
| leader_name        = Simon Liell-Cock
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199053 |title = Main Place Simon's Town |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 19.81
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 6569
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka midabka (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 24.5%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Coloureds|Midabka isku dhafka ah (Coloured)]]
| demographics1_info2 = 12.7%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Indian South African|Hindi]]/[[Asian South African|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 4.4%
| demographics1_title4 = [[White South African|Cadaan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 56.4%
| demographics1_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics1_info5 = 2.0%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[First language|Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[South African English|Ingiriisi]]
| demographics2_info1 = 68%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 19%
| demographics2_title3 = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info3 = 3.5%
| demographics2_title4 = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info4 = 2.5%
| demographics2_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics2_info5 = 1%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Lambarka boostada]] (wadada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Post-office box|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7995
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Koodka telefoonka]]
| image_caption      = '''U socota dhanka saacadda laga bilaabo sare''': Muqaalka Simon's Town, Fagaaraha Jubilee, Booska soo dhawaynta, Xeebta Simon's Town, Wadada St George's.
}}

'''Simon's Town''' ({{langx|af|Simonstad}}), mararka qaar loo qoro '''Simonstown''', waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, waana hooyga [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah saldhigga ugu weyn ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://web1.capetown.gov.za/web1/OpenDataPortal/DatasetDetail?DatasetName=Official%20planning%20suburbs|title=Official planning suburbs |access-date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal xeebta Simon's Bay ee gudaha [[False Bay]], dhanka bari ee [[Cape Peninsula]]. Muddo ka badan laba qarni, waxay ahayd saldhig ciidanka badda iyo deked (markii hore ee [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] haddana ah [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]). Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray [[Simon van der Stel]], oo ahaa gudoomiyihii hore ee [[Cape Colony]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/places/simonstown | title=Simonstown | publisher=SA History online | access-date=August 21, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafi ahaan==
Dhulku wuxuu si aad ah u kacayaa meel u dhow qarka biyaha, magaaladana waxaa ku hareeraysan xeebta dhererka sare ee buuraha ka sarreeya. Dekedda yar lafteeda waxaa ka ilaaliya ruxruxa badda darbi biyood ([[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]]) kaas oo lagu dhisay kumanaan xabbadood oo waaweyn oo ah dhagax-ciideed (sandstone) oo laga soo qoday wejiga buurta ka sarreysa.

Simon's Town hadda waxay si dhab ah u tahay xaafad ka tirsan [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]. [[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]] waa dhammaadka [[Southern Line (Cape Town)|Khadka Koonfureed]], oo ah khad tareen oo dhex mara koonfurta bartamaha ganacsiga ee Cape Town. Meelaha qaar, khadka tareenku wuxuu dhex maraa xeebta bari ee aadka u dhow ee False Bay, marka cimiladu xun tahayna hirarka iyo xumbada ruxruxa culus ee badda waxay qoyaan tareenada.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Goobaha soo jiidashada iyo tas-hiilaadka==

===Xeebta Boulders===
[[File:Boulders Beach Suedafrika.jpg|thumb|left|Binguinnada Afrikaanka ah (''Spheniscus demersus'') ee jooga [[Boulders Beach]]]]
[[Boulders Beach]] waxay ku taal dhowr kiiloomitir koonfurta Simon's Town, dhanka u socota [[Miller's Point, Western Cape|Miller's Point]]. Halkaan godad yaryar iyo xeebaha ayaa dhex yaal dhagaxyada waaweyn ee granite-ka Cape ah. Waxaa jiray gumeysi binguinnada Afrikaanka ah ([[African penguin]]s) ee ku yaal Xeebta Boulders tan iyo sanadkii 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/boulders|title=Boulders Penguin Colony Simon's Town {{!}} Penguins Cape Town|website=www.capetownmagazine.com|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma jiraan wax diiwaan ah oo muujinaya in shimbirahaas ay halkan ku noolaayeen taariikhdaas ka hor. Waxaa lagu muujiyay, iyadoo ay la socdaan muuqaallo magaalada ka mid ah, taxanaha 2021 ee ''[[Penguin Town]]''. Waxaa jira saddex meelood oo kaliya oo ay binguinnadu ku nool yihiin dhulka weyn ee koonfurta Afrika; kuwa kale waxay u dhow yihiin [[Hermanus]] ee Stoney Point iyo [[Betty's Bay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://notwithoutmypassport.com/penguins-in-south-africa/|title=Where to See Penguins in South Africa|date=2016-03-03|website=Not Without My Passport|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Munaaradda Martello===
Toddobaadyadii ugu dambeeyay ee 1795 ama toddobaadyadii ugu horreeyay ee 1796, Ingiriisku wuxuu dhisay munaarad wareegsan ([[Martello tower]]) goob maanta ku dhex taal Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda. Ingiriiska ayaa xilligaas la wareegay gumeysigii Nederlaan ee [[Cape of Good Hope]] wuxuuna doonayay inuu diso difaacyo si uu isaga caabiyo weerarada suurtagalka ah ee Nederlaan ama Faransiiska. Munaaraddii ka dhalatay waxay ahayd {{convert|26|ft|m|order=flip|0}} sare, waxay lahayd dhexroor salka ah oo ah {{convert|42|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, iyo darbiyo dhumucdoodu tahay {{convert|6|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, inkastoo aysan jirin wax caddayn ah oo muujinaya in Ingiriisku moseeyay qoryihii munaaraddu loogu talagalay inay qaaddo. Munaaradda horkeeda, Ingiriisku wuxuu kaloo dhisay batari ay ku qalabayn jireen madaafiic. [[Martello tower|Munaaradda Martello]] waxaa loo isticmaali jiray calaamad hagitaan u ah maraakiibta soo galaya Simon's Bay, waxaana la caddeeyay qiyaastii 1843. Munaaradda waxaa dib u soo celiyay 1972 ururka Simon's Town Historical Society (iyadoo lala kaashanayo [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]), waxaana lagu dhawaaqay [[Provincial heritage site (South Africa)|goob hanti dhaqameed goboleed]]; maanta waxay hoy u tahay matxaf yar.

===Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika===
[[South African Naval Museum|Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] waa [[maritime museum|matxaf baddeed]], kaas oo ka kooban ururin iyo agabyo la xiriira taariikhda baddeed ee Koonfur Afrika iyo Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika.
[[File:The Residency built in 1777..jpg|thumb|Matxafka [[Simon's Town Museum]]]]

===Matxafka Simon's Town===
[[Simon's Town Museum|Matxafka Simon's Town]] waa matxaf bulsho oo la aasaasay 1977 wuxuuna ku yaal The Residency, oo ah dhismo taariikhi ah oo uu dhisay Gudoomiye [[Joachim van Plettenberg]] 1777. Matxafku wuxuu diiwaangeliyaa wuxuuna dhowraa dhammaan dhinacyada taariikhda bulshada Simon's Town.

=== Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town ===
Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town waa matxaf guri oo ay aasaastay Zainab Davidson ka dib markii gurigii qoyska Amlay dib loo soo celiyay ka dib midab-takoorkii (apartheid). Ka dib hawlgabnimadii Davidson, wiilka ay eeddada u tahay ee Sheribeen Amlay ayaa la wareegay maamulka matxafka. Ururinta waxaa ka mid ah sawirro, wargeysyo, agabyo taariikhi ah, iyo kheyraadka nasabka ee dadka deggan Simon's Town ka hor midab-takoorkii. Ururinta muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah kuwa la xiriira taariikhda dhismaha Muslimiinta ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon's Town Heritage Museum in Simons Town, Cape Town |url=https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/visit-the-heritage-museum-in-simons-town/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.sa-venues.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Farshaxanka guud===
Sanadkii 1985, taallo loo sameeyay [[Just Nuisance]], oo ah eyga keliya ee abid si rasmi ah looga qoray [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska]], ayaa laga taagay meel dekedda ka sarreysa. Matxafka Simon's Town wuxuu leeyahay bandhig u gooni ah sheekadiisa.

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Georgia Papageorge]], farshaxan-yahan dhanka rakibaadda ah
*[[Hendrik Vermeulen]], naqshadeeye dhar
*[[Simon Peyton Jones]], saynisyahan kombuyuutar oo ku dhashay (loona bixiyay magaca) Simonstown

[[File:Simon's Town (43182022921).jpg|thumb|Dekedda Simon's Town]]

==Dhaqaalaha==
In kasta oo Simon's Town mararka qaar lagu tilmaami jiray &quot;deked xor ah,&quot; haddana dhab ahaantii waxaa loogu dhawaaqay '''deked bakhaar xor ah''' bishii April 1832 — taas oo ah kala soocid kastam oo ka duwan oo ka cidhiidhsan aqoonsiga &quot;dekedda xorta ah&quot; ee aan xaddidnayn ee la siiyay Port Elizabeth isla xilligaas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Edmund |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44075/44075-h/44075-h.htm |title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat; in the U.S. Sloop-of-war Peacock ... During the Years 1832-3-4 |publisher=Harper &amp; Brothers |year=1837 |location=New York |page=388}}&lt;/ref&gt; — magacaabistaasna waxay ka tarjumaysay nidaamkii ciidanka badda iyo kastamka ee xilligii gumeysiga halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd xaalad ganacsi oo xor ah oo socota. Tan iyo markii uu dhacay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] iyo wareejintii rasmiga ahayd ee saldhigga ciidanka badda ee lagu wareejiyay maamulka Koonfur Afrika 1957, goobtu waxay inta badan u shaqaynaysay sidii [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah xarunta dhexe ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]], waxaana loo maamulaa ujeedooyin ciidanka badda ah halkii ay ahaan lahayd dhoofinta ganacsiga caadiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Wanted: A new Simon's Town agreement? |url=https://defenceweb.co.za/sea/sea-sea/wanted-a-new-simons-town-agreement/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=DefenceWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaha dekedaha ee casriga ah waxay dekedda ku liisgreeyaan hoosta [[UN/LOCODE]] '''ZASMN'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UN/LOCODE Code List by Country: South Africa (ZA) |url=https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=UNECE}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ku tilmaamaan inay tahay marsada maraakiibta/dekedda ciidanka badda halkii ay ahaan lahayd deked ganacsi oo firfircoon, taas oo muujinaysa hawlgallo xaddidan ama aan la lahayn hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah; dekedaha ganacsiga ee u dhow sida [[Cape Town]] iyo [[Saldanha Bay]] ayaa u adeega baahiyaha dhoofinta ganacsiga ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Ports |url=https://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Transnet National Ports Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo dekeddu ay qaaddo maraakiibta firaaqada iyo kuwa soo booqda iyada oo loo marayo marina-ka maxalliga ah iyo naadiga doonyaha, xirashada noocaas ah ee dadka rayidka ah waxaa lagu maamulaa nidaamka marina-ka iyo xakamaynta marin-ha u goonida ah ciidanka badda mana muujiso hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon's Town Marina |url=https://www.stmc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Simon's Town Marina Company (STMC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=False Bay Yacht Club |url=https://fbyc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaanta gaashaanka (Coat of arms)==
Golaha deegaanka ee Simon's Town wuxuu qaatay astaan gaashaan oo uu naqshadeeyay Adelbert Bonn, bishii September 1905.&lt;ref name=sthb1&gt;Chapman, F.P.  'How the town obtained its coat of arms' in ''Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1973).&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa bixiyay [[College of Arms]] 27-kii September 1957.

Naqshadda waxaa loo sifeeyay ''Quarterly: I and IV, per pale, the dexter Argent, three towers placed 2 and 1 Gules, the sinister per fess Or and Azure, in chief on a mount Vert a peacock in his pride proper and in base three plates placed 2 and 1 Argent; II and III, Azure, an estoile and in chief three crescents Argent; over all an oval cartouche with scrolled edges Or, charged with a demi-lion rampant Gules, issuant from three barrulets wavy Vert''. Si ka fudud, gaashaanku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay afar meelood. Meesha ugu horreysa waxaa loo qaybiyay si toos ah, iyadoo qayb ka mid ah ay muujinayso saddex munaaradood oo casaan ah oo ku yaal asalka qaddinka ah (silver), qeybta kalena ay tahay daauus ku yaal asalka dahabka ah ee ka sarreeya saddex saxan oo qaddinka ah oo ku yaal asalka cas; meesha labaad waa buluug, iyadoo leh saddex bilood oo qaddinka ah xagga sare iyo xiddig ruxruxa hoos ugu yaal asalka buluugga ah; meesha saddexaad waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha labaad, meesha afraadna waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha ugu horreysa; dhexda waxaa ku yaal wareeg oval ah oo leh gees qurxoon oo muujinaya libaax casaan ah oo ka soo baxaya xariijimo cagaar ah oo ruxruxa oo ku yaal asalka dahabka ah.&lt;ref name=ngw&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Simon%27s_Town|title=Simon's Town heraldry|last=Ralf|first=Hartemink|date=10 January 2016|website=Heraldry of the world|publisher=www.ngl.nl|access-date=9 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwaani waxay ahaayeen nooc wax yar laga beddelay oo ka mid ah hubka [[Willem Adriaan van der Stel]], kaas oo Bonn uu si khaldan ugu qaatay inay yihiin kuwii aabihiis [[Simon van der Stel]].&lt;ref name=sthb1 /&gt;

Astaanta sare waxay ahayd sawirka [[Britannia]] oo ku fadhida taaj ciidanka badda oo dahab ah. Laba barroosimo oo dahab ah ayaa la dhigay gaashaanka nyankiisa. Hal-ku-dhiggu wuxuu ahaa ''Fac et spera''.

Markii dowladda hoose la kala diray 1996, goluhu wuxuu dhigay agabkiisii rasmiga ahaa, oo ay ku jiraan waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee ka yimid College of Arms, gacanta ururka Simon's Town Historical Society.&lt;ref name=sthb2&gt;''Simons' Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1997).&lt;/ref&gt; Ururku wuxuu hubka ku diiwaangaliyay magaciisa gaarka ah gudaha [[Bureau of Heraldry]] bishii October 1999.&lt;ref name=boh&gt;[http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl National Archives of South Africa : Data of the Bureau of Heraldry] Department of Arts and Culture, Republic of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sawiro==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
N.N. (1806) p046 VIEW OF SIMONS BAY.jpg|Simon's Bay - Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda, 1806
Lt Humphrey John Julian - The Admiral House, Simon^s Town, Cape of Good Hope - B1975.4.1304 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|The Admiral House, Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, 1844
SAS Isandlwana F146 Simon's Town.jpg|[[Naval Base Simon's Town|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] ee Simon's Town.
Kalk Bay, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-23, DD 06.jpg|Muqaalka gacanka laga dhex arkayo khadka tareenka.
Simons Town station.JPG|[[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]]
Simon's Town Harbor.jpg|Doonyaha jooga dekedda Simon's Town.
Admiralty House St Georges Street Simonstown Cape Town - Side view 1.JPG|Admiralty House
Simonstown.jpg|Bartamaha taariikhiga ah ee Simon's Town
Simon's Town 2008-08-16.jpg|Muqaalka dekedda iyadoo ay muuqdaan doonyaha firaaqada ee dadka rayidka ah xagga hore iyo saldhigga ciidanka badda oo xagga midig ku yaal xagga dambe.
Just Nuisance at Jubilee Square - panoramio.jpg|Taallada [[Just Nuisance]] ee Simon's Town.
Middle North Battery Simon's Town 9 inch Gun firing 24th September 2014 v2.jpg| Madfaca la soo celiyay ee [[RML 9-inch 12-ton gun|9 Inch MLR Gun]] oo laga ridayo Middle North Battery ee eegaya magaalada. 
Roman Rock Lighthouse.webm|Duulimaad ku wareegsan Roman Rock Lighthouse oo wax yar ka baxsan dekedda Simon's Town.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Simon's Town}}
* {{annotated link|List of heritage sites in Simonstown}}
* {{annotated link|Simonstown Agreement}}
* {{annotated link|Selborne Graving Dock}}
* {{annotated link|Roman Rock Lighthouse}}

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
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* [http://www.simonstown.org/ Simon's Town Historical Society]
*[https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-in-south-africa-the-simonstown-agreement/ The British naval base]</text>
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      <text bytes="19296" sha1="nh6pb9vgtwxk5x7kzveog57435xwzne" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Magaalada Simon
| native_name        = '''''Simonstad'''''
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Simons-town.jpg
  | alt1                 = Aerial View
  | image2                 = Suráfrica, Simon's Town 04.jpg
  | alt2                 = St Georges Street
  | image3                 = Queen Victoria Fountain, Jubilee Square.JPG
  | alt3                 = Jubilee Square
  | image4                 = Simon's Town waterfront.jpeg
  | alt4                 = Waterfront
  | image5                 = Simons Town Sign.jpg
  | alt5                 = Simons Town Sign}}
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|11|36|S|18|26|00|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Country|Dalka]] 
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|South Africa}} 
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] 
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Western Cape}} 
| subdivision_type2  = Degmada
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Magaalada]] 
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|City of Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Meesha Weyn
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| established_date   = 1680&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |chapter=Annexure A [Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa...] |title=The Royal Engineers and Settlement Planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, Methodology and Impact |url= http://repository.up.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/2263/26503/05back.pdf?sequence=6&amp;isAllowed=y |last=Robson |first=Linda Gillian |date=6 September 2011 |publisher=University of Pretoria |access-date=24 June 2012 |format=PDF |page=xlv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| named_for          = [[Simon van der Stel]]
| leader_party       = [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]]
| leader_title       = [[Councillor|Xildhibaan]]
| leader_name        = Simon Liell-Cock
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199053 |title = Main Place Simon's Town |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 19.81
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 6569
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka midabka (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 24.5%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Coloureds|Midabka isku dhafka ah (Coloured)]]
| demographics1_info2 = 12.7%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Indian South African|Hindi]]/[[Asian South African|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 4.4%
| demographics1_title4 = [[White South African|Cadaan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 56.4%
| demographics1_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics1_info5 = 2.0%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[First language|Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[South African English|Ingiriisi]]
| demographics2_info1 = 68%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 19%
| demographics2_title3 = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info3 = 3.5%
| demographics2_title4 = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info4 = 2.5%
| demographics2_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics2_info5 = 1%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Lambarka boostada]] (wadada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Post-office box|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7995
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Koodka telefoonka]]
| image_caption      = '''U socota dhanka saacadda laga bilaabo sare''': Muqaalka Simon's Town, Fagaaraha Jubilee, Booska soo dhawaynta, Xeebta Simon's Town, Wadada St George's.
}}

'''Magaalada Simon''' ({{langx|af|Simonstad}}), mararka qaar loo qoro '''Simonstown''', waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, waana hooyga [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah saldhigga ugu weyn ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://web1.capetown.gov.za/web1/OpenDataPortal/DatasetDetail?DatasetName=Official%20planning%20suburbs|title=Official planning suburbs |access-date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal xeebta Simon's Bay ee gudaha [[False Bay]], dhanka bari ee [[Cape Peninsula]]. Muddo ka badan laba qarni, waxay ahayd saldhig ciidanka badda iyo deked (markii hore ee [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] haddana ah [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]). Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray [[Simon van der Stel]], oo ahaa gudoomiyihii hore ee [[Cape Colony]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/places/simonstown | title=Simonstown | publisher=SA History online | access-date=August 21, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafi ahaan==
Dhulku wuxuu si aad ah u kacayaa meel u dhow qarka biyaha, magaaladana waxaa ku hareeraysan xeebta dhererka sare ee buuraha ka sarreeya. Dekedda yar lafteeda waxaa ka ilaaliya ruxruxa badda darbi biyood ([[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]]) kaas oo lagu dhisay kumanaan xabbadood oo waaweyn oo ah dhagax-ciideed (sandstone) oo laga soo qoday wejiga buurta ka sarreysa.

Simon's Town hadda waxay si dhab ah u tahay xaafad ka tirsan [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]. [[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]] waa dhammaadka [[Southern Line (Cape Town)|Khadka Koonfureed]], oo ah khad tareen oo dhex mara koonfurta bartamaha ganacsiga ee Cape Town. Meelaha qaar, khadka tareenku wuxuu dhex maraa xeebta bari ee aadka u dhow ee False Bay, marka cimiladu xun tahayna hirarka iyo xumbada ruxruxa culus ee badda waxay qoyaan tareenada.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Goobaha soo jiidashada iyo tas-hiilaadka==

===Xeebta Boulders===
[[File:Boulders Beach Suedafrika.jpg|thumb|left|Binguinnada Afrikaanka ah (''Spheniscus demersus'') ee jooga [[Boulders Beach]]]]
[[Boulders Beach]] waxay ku taal dhowr kiiloomitir koonfurta Simon's Town, dhanka u socota [[Miller's Point, Western Cape|Miller's Point]]. Halkaan godad yaryar iyo xeebaha ayaa dhex yaal dhagaxyada waaweyn ee granite-ka Cape ah. Waxaa jiray gumeysi binguinnada Afrikaanka ah ([[African penguin]]s) ee ku yaal Xeebta Boulders tan iyo sanadkii 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/boulders|title=Boulders Penguin Colony Simon's Town {{!}} Penguins Cape Town|website=www.capetownmagazine.com|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma jiraan wax diiwaan ah oo muujinaya in shimbirahaas ay halkan ku noolaayeen taariikhdaas ka hor. Waxaa lagu muujiyay, iyadoo ay la socdaan muuqaallo magaalada ka mid ah, taxanaha 2021 ee ''[[Penguin Town]]''. Waxaa jira saddex meelood oo kaliya oo ay binguinnadu ku nool yihiin dhulka weyn ee koonfurta Afrika; kuwa kale waxay u dhow yihiin [[Hermanus]] ee Stoney Point iyo [[Betty's Bay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://notwithoutmypassport.com/penguins-in-south-africa/|title=Where to See Penguins in South Africa|date=2016-03-03|website=Not Without My Passport|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Munaaradda Martello===
Toddobaadyadii ugu dambeeyay ee 1795 ama toddobaadyadii ugu horreeyay ee 1796, Ingiriisku wuxuu dhisay munaarad wareegsan ([[Martello tower]]) goob maanta ku dhex taal Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda. Ingiriiska ayaa xilligaas la wareegay gumeysigii Nederlaan ee [[Cape of Good Hope]] wuxuuna doonayay inuu diso difaacyo si uu isaga caabiyo weerarada suurtagalka ah ee Nederlaan ama Faransiiska. Munaaraddii ka dhalatay waxay ahayd {{convert|26|ft|m|order=flip|0}} sare, waxay lahayd dhexroor salka ah oo ah {{convert|42|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, iyo darbiyo dhumucdoodu tahay {{convert|6|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, inkastoo aysan jirin wax caddayn ah oo muujinaya in Ingiriisku moseeyay qoryihii munaaraddu loogu talagalay inay qaaddo. Munaaradda horkeeda, Ingiriisku wuxuu kaloo dhisay batari ay ku qalabayn jireen madaafiic. [[Martello tower|Munaaradda Martello]] waxaa loo isticmaali jiray calaamad hagitaan u ah maraakiibta soo galaya Simon's Bay, waxaana la caddeeyay qiyaastii 1843. Munaaradda waxaa dib u soo celiyay 1972 ururka Simon's Town Historical Society (iyadoo lala kaashanayo [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]), waxaana lagu dhawaaqay [[Provincial heritage site (South Africa)|goob hanti dhaqameed goboleed]]; maanta waxay hoy u tahay matxaf yar.

===Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika===
[[South African Naval Museum|Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] waa [[maritime museum|matxaf baddeed]], kaas oo ka kooban ururin iyo agabyo la xiriira taariikhda baddeed ee Koonfur Afrika iyo Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika.
[[File:The Residency built in 1777..jpg|thumb|Matxafka [[Simon's Town Museum]]]]

===Matxafka Simon's Town===
[[Simon's Town Museum|Matxafka Simon's Town]] waa matxaf bulsho oo la aasaasay 1977 wuxuuna ku yaal The Residency, oo ah dhismo taariikhi ah oo uu dhisay Gudoomiye [[Joachim van Plettenberg]] 1777. Matxafku wuxuu diiwaangeliyaa wuxuuna dhowraa dhammaan dhinacyada taariikhda bulshada Simon's Town.

=== Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town ===
Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town waa matxaf guri oo ay aasaastay Zainab Davidson ka dib markii gurigii qoyska Amlay dib loo soo celiyay ka dib midab-takoorkii (apartheid). Ka dib hawlgabnimadii Davidson, wiilka ay eeddada u tahay ee Sheribeen Amlay ayaa la wareegay maamulka matxafka. Ururinta waxaa ka mid ah sawirro, wargeysyo, agabyo taariikhi ah, iyo kheyraadka nasabka ee dadka deggan Simon's Town ka hor midab-takoorkii. Ururinta muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah kuwa la xiriira taariikhda dhismaha Muslimiinta ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon's Town Heritage Museum in Simons Town, Cape Town |url=https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/visit-the-heritage-museum-in-simons-town/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.sa-venues.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Farshaxanka guud===
Sanadkii 1985, taallo loo sameeyay [[Just Nuisance]], oo ah eyga keliya ee abid si rasmi ah looga qoray [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska]], ayaa laga taagay meel dekedda ka sarreysa. Matxafka Simon's Town wuxuu leeyahay bandhig u gooni ah sheekadiisa.

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Georgia Papageorge]], farshaxan-yahan dhanka rakibaadda ah
*[[Hendrik Vermeulen]], naqshadeeye dhar
*[[Simon Peyton Jones]], saynisyahan kombuyuutar oo ku dhashay (loona bixiyay magaca) Simonstown

[[File:Simon's Town (43182022921).jpg|thumb|Dekedda Simon's Town]]

==Dhaqaalaha==
In kasta oo Simon's Town mararka qaar lagu tilmaami jiray &quot;deked xor ah,&quot; haddana dhab ahaantii waxaa loogu dhawaaqay '''deked bakhaar xor ah''' bishii April 1832 — taas oo ah kala soocid kastam oo ka duwan oo ka cidhiidhsan aqoonsiga &quot;dekedda xorta ah&quot; ee aan xaddidnayn ee la siiyay Port Elizabeth isla xilligaas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Edmund |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44075/44075-h/44075-h.htm |title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat; in the U.S. Sloop-of-war Peacock ... During the Years 1832-3-4 |publisher=Harper &amp; Brothers |year=1837 |location=New York |page=388}}&lt;/ref&gt; — magacaabistaasna waxay ka tarjumaysay nidaamkii ciidanka badda iyo kastamka ee xilligii gumeysiga halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd xaalad ganacsi oo xor ah oo socota. Tan iyo markii uu dhacay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] iyo wareejintii rasmiga ahayd ee saldhigga ciidanka badda ee lagu wareejiyay maamulka Koonfur Afrika 1957, goobtu waxay inta badan u shaqaynaysay sidii [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah xarunta dhexe ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]], waxaana loo maamulaa ujeedooyin ciidanka badda ah halkii ay ahaan lahayd dhoofinta ganacsiga caadiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Wanted: A new Simon's Town agreement? |url=https://defenceweb.co.za/sea/sea-sea/wanted-a-new-simons-town-agreement/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=DefenceWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaha dekedaha ee casriga ah waxay dekedda ku liisgreeyaan hoosta [[UN/LOCODE]] '''ZASMN'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UN/LOCODE Code List by Country: South Africa (ZA) |url=https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=UNECE}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ku tilmaamaan inay tahay marsada maraakiibta/dekedda ciidanka badda halkii ay ahaan lahayd deked ganacsi oo firfircoon, taas oo muujinaysa hawlgallo xaddidan ama aan la lahayn hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah; dekedaha ganacsiga ee u dhow sida [[Cape Town]] iyo [[Saldanha Bay]] ayaa u adeega baahiyaha dhoofinta ganacsiga ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Ports |url=https://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Transnet National Ports Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo dekeddu ay qaaddo maraakiibta firaaqada iyo kuwa soo booqda iyada oo loo marayo marina-ka maxalliga ah iyo naadiga doonyaha, xirashada noocaas ah ee dadka rayidka ah waxaa lagu maamulaa nidaamka marina-ka iyo xakamaynta marin-ha u goonida ah ciidanka badda mana muujiso hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon's Town Marina |url=https://www.stmc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Simon's Town Marina Company (STMC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=False Bay Yacht Club |url=https://fbyc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaanta gaashaanka (Coat of arms)==
Golaha deegaanka ee Simon's Town wuxuu qaatay astaan gaashaan oo uu naqshadeeyay Adelbert Bonn, bishii September 1905.&lt;ref name=sthb1&gt;Chapman, F.P.  'How the town obtained its coat of arms' in ''Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1973).&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa bixiyay [[College of Arms]] 27-kii September 1957.

Naqshadda waxaa loo sifeeyay ''Quarterly: I and IV, per pale, the dexter Argent, three towers placed 2 and 1 Gules, the sinister per fess Or and Azure, in chief on a mount Vert a peacock in his pride proper and in base three plates placed 2 and 1 Argent; II and III, Azure, an estoile and in chief three crescents Argent; over all an oval cartouche with scrolled edges Or, charged with a demi-lion rampant Gules, issuant from three barrulets wavy Vert''. Si ka fudud, gaashaanku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay afar meelood. Meesha ugu horreysa waxaa loo qaybiyay si toos ah, iyadoo qayb ka mid ah ay muujinayso saddex munaaradood oo casaan ah oo ku yaal asalka qaddinka ah (silver), qeybta kalena ay tahay daauus ku yaal asalka dahabka ah ee ka sarreeya saddex saxan oo qaddinka ah oo ku yaal asalka cas; meesha labaad waa buluug, iyadoo leh saddex bilood oo qaddinka ah xagga sare iyo xiddig ruxruxa hoos ugu yaal asalka buluugga ah; meesha saddexaad waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha labaad, meesha afraadna waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha ugu horreysa; dhexda waxaa ku yaal wareeg oval ah oo leh gees qurxoon oo muujinaya libaax casaan ah oo ka soo baxaya xariijimo cagaar ah oo ruxruxa oo ku yaal asalka dahabka ah.&lt;ref name=ngw&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Simon%27s_Town|title=Simon's Town heraldry|last=Ralf|first=Hartemink|date=10 January 2016|website=Heraldry of the world|publisher=www.ngl.nl|access-date=9 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwaani waxay ahaayeen nooc wax yar laga beddelay oo ka mid ah hubka [[Willem Adriaan van der Stel]], kaas oo Bonn uu si khaldan ugu qaatay inay yihiin kuwii aabihiis [[Simon van der Stel]].&lt;ref name=sthb1 /&gt;

Astaanta sare waxay ahayd sawirka [[Britannia]] oo ku fadhida taaj ciidanka badda oo dahab ah. Laba barroosimo oo dahab ah ayaa la dhigay gaashaanka nyankiisa. Hal-ku-dhiggu wuxuu ahaa ''Fac et spera''.

Markii dowladda hoose la kala diray 1996, goluhu wuxuu dhigay agabkiisii rasmiga ahaa, oo ay ku jiraan waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee ka yimid College of Arms, gacanta ururka Simon's Town Historical Society.&lt;ref name=sthb2&gt;''Simons' Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1997).&lt;/ref&gt; Ururku wuxuu hubka ku diiwaangaliyay magaciisa gaarka ah gudaha [[Bureau of Heraldry]] bishii October 1999.&lt;ref name=boh&gt;[http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl National Archives of South Africa : Data of the Bureau of Heraldry] Department of Arts and Culture, Republic of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sawiro==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
N.N. (1806) p046 VIEW OF SIMONS BAY.jpg|Simon's Bay - Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda, 1806
Lt Humphrey John Julian - The Admiral House, Simon^s Town, Cape of Good Hope - B1975.4.1304 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|The Admiral House, Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, 1844
SAS Isandlwana F146 Simon's Town.jpg|[[Naval Base Simon's Town|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] ee Simon's Town.
Kalk Bay, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-23, DD 06.jpg|Muqaalka gacanka laga dhex arkayo khadka tareenka.
Simons Town station.JPG|[[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]]
Simon's Town Harbor.jpg|Doonyaha jooga dekedda Simon's Town.
Admiralty House St Georges Street Simonstown Cape Town - Side view 1.JPG|Admiralty House
Simonstown.jpg|Bartamaha taariikhiga ah ee Simon's Town
Simon's Town 2008-08-16.jpg|Muqaalka dekedda iyadoo ay muuqdaan doonyaha firaaqada ee dadka rayidka ah xagga hore iyo saldhigga ciidanka badda oo xagga midig ku yaal xagga dambe.
Just Nuisance at Jubilee Square - panoramio.jpg|Taallada [[Just Nuisance]] ee Simon's Town.
Middle North Battery Simon's Town 9 inch Gun firing 24th September 2014 v2.jpg| Madfaca la soo celiyay ee [[RML 9-inch 12-ton gun|9 Inch MLR Gun]] oo laga ridayo Middle North Battery ee eegaya magaalada. 
Roman Rock Lighthouse.webm|Duulimaad ku wareegsan Roman Rock Lighthouse oo wax yar ka baxsan dekedda Simon's Town.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Simon's Town}}
* {{annotated link|List of heritage sites in Simonstown}}
* {{annotated link|Simonstown Agreement}}
* {{annotated link|Selborne Graving Dock}}
* {{annotated link|Roman Rock Lighthouse}}

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
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* [http://www.simonstown.org/ Simon's Town Historical Society]
*[https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-in-south-africa-the-simonstown-agreement/ The British naval base]</text>
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      <text bytes="19297" sha1="st3suicrgadnj2dx8hmx0nn4r22s0wj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Magaalada Simon 
| native_name        = '''''Simonstad'''''
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Simons-town.jpg
  | alt1                 = Aerial View
  | image2                 = Suráfrica, Simon's Town 04.jpg
  | alt2                 = St Georges Street
  | image3                 = Queen Victoria Fountain, Jubilee Square.JPG
  | alt3                 = Jubilee Square
  | image4                 = Simon's Town waterfront.jpeg
  | alt4                 = Waterfront
  | image5                 = Simons Town Sign.jpg
  | alt5                 = Simons Town Sign}}
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|11|36|S|18|26|00|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Country|Dalka]] 
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|South Africa}} 
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] 
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Western Cape}} 
| subdivision_type2  = Degmada
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Magaalada]] 
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|City of Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Meesha Weyn
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| established_date   = 1680&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |chapter=Annexure A [Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa...] |title=The Royal Engineers and Settlement Planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, Methodology and Impact |url= http://repository.up.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/2263/26503/05back.pdf?sequence=6&amp;isAllowed=y |last=Robson |first=Linda Gillian |date=6 September 2011 |publisher=University of Pretoria |access-date=24 June 2012 |format=PDF |page=xlv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| named_for          = [[Simon van der Stel]]
| leader_party       = [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]]
| leader_title       = [[Councillor|Xildhibaan]]
| leader_name        = Simon Liell-Cock
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199053 |title = Main Place Simon's Town |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 19.81
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 6569
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka midabka (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 24.5%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Coloureds|Midabka isku dhafka ah (Coloured)]]
| demographics1_info2 = 12.7%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Indian South African|Hindi]]/[[Asian South African|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 4.4%
| demographics1_title4 = [[White South African|Cadaan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 56.4%
| demographics1_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics1_info5 = 2.0%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[First language|Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[South African English|Ingiriisi]]
| demographics2_info1 = 68%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 19%
| demographics2_title3 = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info3 = 3.5%
| demographics2_title4 = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info4 = 2.5%
| demographics2_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics2_info5 = 1%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Lambarka boostada]] (wadada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Post-office box|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7995
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Koodka telefoonka]]
| image_caption      = '''U socota dhanka saacadda laga bilaabo sare''': Muqaalka Simon's Town, Fagaaraha Jubilee, Booska soo dhawaynta, Xeebta Simon's Town, Wadada St George's.
}}

'''Magaalada Simon''' ({{langx|af|Simonstad}}), mararka qaar loo qoro '''Simonstown''', waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, waana hooyga [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah saldhigga ugu weyn ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://web1.capetown.gov.za/web1/OpenDataPortal/DatasetDetail?DatasetName=Official%20planning%20suburbs|title=Official planning suburbs |access-date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal xeebta Simon's Bay ee gudaha [[False Bay]], dhanka bari ee [[Cape Peninsula]]. Muddo ka badan laba qarni, waxay ahayd saldhig ciidanka badda iyo deked (markii hore ee [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] haddana ah [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]). Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray [[Simon van der Stel]], oo ahaa gudoomiyihii hore ee [[Cape Colony]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/places/simonstown | title=Simonstown | publisher=SA History online | access-date=August 21, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafi ahaan==
Dhulku wuxuu si aad ah u kacayaa meel u dhow qarka biyaha, magaaladana waxaa ku hareeraysan xeebta dhererka sare ee buuraha ka sarreeya. Dekedda yar lafteeda waxaa ka ilaaliya ruxruxa badda darbi biyood ([[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]]) kaas oo lagu dhisay kumanaan xabbadood oo waaweyn oo ah dhagax-ciideed (sandstone) oo laga soo qoday wejiga buurta ka sarreysa.

Simon's Town hadda waxay si dhab ah u tahay xaafad ka tirsan [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]. [[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]] waa dhammaadka [[Southern Line (Cape Town)|Khadka Koonfureed]], oo ah khad tareen oo dhex mara koonfurta bartamaha ganacsiga ee Cape Town. Meelaha qaar, khadka tareenku wuxuu dhex maraa xeebta bari ee aadka u dhow ee False Bay, marka cimiladu xun tahayna hirarka iyo xumbada ruxruxa culus ee badda waxay qoyaan tareenada.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Goobaha soo jiidashada iyo tas-hiilaadka==

===Xeebta Boulders===
[[File:Boulders Beach Suedafrika.jpg|thumb|left|Binguinnada Afrikaanka ah (''Spheniscus demersus'') ee jooga [[Boulders Beach]]]]
[[Boulders Beach]] waxay ku taal dhowr kiiloomitir koonfurta Simon's Town, dhanka u socota [[Miller's Point, Western Cape|Miller's Point]]. Halkaan godad yaryar iyo xeebaha ayaa dhex yaal dhagaxyada waaweyn ee granite-ka Cape ah. Waxaa jiray gumeysi binguinnada Afrikaanka ah ([[African penguin]]s) ee ku yaal Xeebta Boulders tan iyo sanadkii 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/boulders|title=Boulders Penguin Colony Simon's Town {{!}} Penguins Cape Town|website=www.capetownmagazine.com|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma jiraan wax diiwaan ah oo muujinaya in shimbirahaas ay halkan ku noolaayeen taariikhdaas ka hor. Waxaa lagu muujiyay, iyadoo ay la socdaan muuqaallo magaalada ka mid ah, taxanaha 2021 ee ''[[Penguin Town]]''. Waxaa jira saddex meelood oo kaliya oo ay binguinnadu ku nool yihiin dhulka weyn ee koonfurta Afrika; kuwa kale waxay u dhow yihiin [[Hermanus]] ee Stoney Point iyo [[Betty's Bay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://notwithoutmypassport.com/penguins-in-south-africa/|title=Where to See Penguins in South Africa|date=2016-03-03|website=Not Without My Passport|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Munaaradda Martello===
Toddobaadyadii ugu dambeeyay ee 1795 ama toddobaadyadii ugu horreeyay ee 1796, Ingiriisku wuxuu dhisay munaarad wareegsan ([[Martello tower]]) goob maanta ku dhex taal Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda. Ingiriiska ayaa xilligaas la wareegay gumeysigii Nederlaan ee [[Cape of Good Hope]] wuxuuna doonayay inuu diso difaacyo si uu isaga caabiyo weerarada suurtagalka ah ee Nederlaan ama Faransiiska. Munaaraddii ka dhalatay waxay ahayd {{convert|26|ft|m|order=flip|0}} sare, waxay lahayd dhexroor salka ah oo ah {{convert|42|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, iyo darbiyo dhumucdoodu tahay {{convert|6|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, inkastoo aysan jirin wax caddayn ah oo muujinaya in Ingiriisku moseeyay qoryihii munaaraddu loogu talagalay inay qaaddo. Munaaradda horkeeda, Ingiriisku wuxuu kaloo dhisay batari ay ku qalabayn jireen madaafiic. [[Martello tower|Munaaradda Martello]] waxaa loo isticmaali jiray calaamad hagitaan u ah maraakiibta soo galaya Simon's Bay, waxaana la caddeeyay qiyaastii 1843. Munaaradda waxaa dib u soo celiyay 1972 ururka Simon's Town Historical Society (iyadoo lala kaashanayo [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]), waxaana lagu dhawaaqay [[Provincial heritage site (South Africa)|goob hanti dhaqameed goboleed]]; maanta waxay hoy u tahay matxaf yar.

===Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika===
[[South African Naval Museum|Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] waa [[maritime museum|matxaf baddeed]], kaas oo ka kooban ururin iyo agabyo la xiriira taariikhda baddeed ee Koonfur Afrika iyo Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika.
[[File:The Residency built in 1777..jpg|thumb|Matxafka [[Simon's Town Museum]]]]

===Matxafka Simon's Town===
[[Simon's Town Museum|Matxafka Simon's Town]] waa matxaf bulsho oo la aasaasay 1977 wuxuuna ku yaal The Residency, oo ah dhismo taariikhi ah oo uu dhisay Gudoomiye [[Joachim van Plettenberg]] 1777. Matxafku wuxuu diiwaangeliyaa wuxuuna dhowraa dhammaan dhinacyada taariikhda bulshada Simon's Town.

=== Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town ===
Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town waa matxaf guri oo ay aasaastay Zainab Davidson ka dib markii gurigii qoyska Amlay dib loo soo celiyay ka dib midab-takoorkii (apartheid). Ka dib hawlgabnimadii Davidson, wiilka ay eeddada u tahay ee Sheribeen Amlay ayaa la wareegay maamulka matxafka. Ururinta waxaa ka mid ah sawirro, wargeysyo, agabyo taariikhi ah, iyo kheyraadka nasabka ee dadka deggan Simon's Town ka hor midab-takoorkii. Ururinta muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah kuwa la xiriira taariikhda dhismaha Muslimiinta ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon's Town Heritage Museum in Simons Town, Cape Town |url=https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/visit-the-heritage-museum-in-simons-town/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.sa-venues.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Farshaxanka guud===
Sanadkii 1985, taallo loo sameeyay [[Just Nuisance]], oo ah eyga keliya ee abid si rasmi ah looga qoray [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska]], ayaa laga taagay meel dekedda ka sarreysa. Matxafka Simon's Town wuxuu leeyahay bandhig u gooni ah sheekadiisa.

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Georgia Papageorge]], farshaxan-yahan dhanka rakibaadda ah
*[[Hendrik Vermeulen]], naqshadeeye dhar
*[[Simon Peyton Jones]], saynisyahan kombuyuutar oo ku dhashay (loona bixiyay magaca) Simonstown

[[File:Simon's Town (43182022921).jpg|thumb|Dekedda Simon's Town]]

==Dhaqaalaha==
In kasta oo Simon's Town mararka qaar lagu tilmaami jiray &quot;deked xor ah,&quot; haddana dhab ahaantii waxaa loogu dhawaaqay '''deked bakhaar xor ah''' bishii April 1832 — taas oo ah kala soocid kastam oo ka duwan oo ka cidhiidhsan aqoonsiga &quot;dekedda xorta ah&quot; ee aan xaddidnayn ee la siiyay Port Elizabeth isla xilligaas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Edmund |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44075/44075-h/44075-h.htm |title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat; in the U.S. Sloop-of-war Peacock ... During the Years 1832-3-4 |publisher=Harper &amp; Brothers |year=1837 |location=New York |page=388}}&lt;/ref&gt; — magacaabistaasna waxay ka tarjumaysay nidaamkii ciidanka badda iyo kastamka ee xilligii gumeysiga halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd xaalad ganacsi oo xor ah oo socota. Tan iyo markii uu dhacay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] iyo wareejintii rasmiga ahayd ee saldhigga ciidanka badda ee lagu wareejiyay maamulka Koonfur Afrika 1957, goobtu waxay inta badan u shaqaynaysay sidii [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah xarunta dhexe ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]], waxaana loo maamulaa ujeedooyin ciidanka badda ah halkii ay ahaan lahayd dhoofinta ganacsiga caadiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Wanted: A new Simon's Town agreement? |url=https://defenceweb.co.za/sea/sea-sea/wanted-a-new-simons-town-agreement/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=DefenceWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaha dekedaha ee casriga ah waxay dekedda ku liisgreeyaan hoosta [[UN/LOCODE]] '''ZASMN'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UN/LOCODE Code List by Country: South Africa (ZA) |url=https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=UNECE}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ku tilmaamaan inay tahay marsada maraakiibta/dekedda ciidanka badda halkii ay ahaan lahayd deked ganacsi oo firfircoon, taas oo muujinaysa hawlgallo xaddidan ama aan la lahayn hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah; dekedaha ganacsiga ee u dhow sida [[Cape Town]] iyo [[Saldanha Bay]] ayaa u adeega baahiyaha dhoofinta ganacsiga ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Ports |url=https://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Transnet National Ports Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo dekeddu ay qaaddo maraakiibta firaaqada iyo kuwa soo booqda iyada oo loo marayo marina-ka maxalliga ah iyo naadiga doonyaha, xirashada noocaas ah ee dadka rayidka ah waxaa lagu maamulaa nidaamka marina-ka iyo xakamaynta marin-ha u goonida ah ciidanka badda mana muujiso hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon's Town Marina |url=https://www.stmc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Simon's Town Marina Company (STMC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=False Bay Yacht Club |url=https://fbyc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaanta gaashaanka (Coat of arms)==
Golaha deegaanka ee Simon's Town wuxuu qaatay astaan gaashaan oo uu naqshadeeyay Adelbert Bonn, bishii September 1905.&lt;ref name=sthb1&gt;Chapman, F.P.  'How the town obtained its coat of arms' in ''Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1973).&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa bixiyay [[College of Arms]] 27-kii September 1957.

Naqshadda waxaa loo sifeeyay ''Quarterly: I and IV, per pale, the dexter Argent, three towers placed 2 and 1 Gules, the sinister per fess Or and Azure, in chief on a mount Vert a peacock in his pride proper and in base three plates placed 2 and 1 Argent; II and III, Azure, an estoile and in chief three crescents Argent; over all an oval cartouche with scrolled edges Or, charged with a demi-lion rampant Gules, issuant from three barrulets wavy Vert''. Si ka fudud, gaashaanku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay afar meelood. Meesha ugu horreysa waxaa loo qaybiyay si toos ah, iyadoo qayb ka mid ah ay muujinayso saddex munaaradood oo casaan ah oo ku yaal asalka qaddinka ah (silver), qeybta kalena ay tahay daauus ku yaal asalka dahabka ah ee ka sarreeya saddex saxan oo qaddinka ah oo ku yaal asalka cas; meesha labaad waa buluug, iyadoo leh saddex bilood oo qaddinka ah xagga sare iyo xiddig ruxruxa hoos ugu yaal asalka buluugga ah; meesha saddexaad waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha labaad, meesha afraadna waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha ugu horreysa; dhexda waxaa ku yaal wareeg oval ah oo leh gees qurxoon oo muujinaya libaax casaan ah oo ka soo baxaya xariijimo cagaar ah oo ruxruxa oo ku yaal asalka dahabka ah.&lt;ref name=ngw&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Simon%27s_Town|title=Simon's Town heraldry|last=Ralf|first=Hartemink|date=10 January 2016|website=Heraldry of the world|publisher=www.ngl.nl|access-date=9 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwaani waxay ahaayeen nooc wax yar laga beddelay oo ka mid ah hubka [[Willem Adriaan van der Stel]], kaas oo Bonn uu si khaldan ugu qaatay inay yihiin kuwii aabihiis [[Simon van der Stel]].&lt;ref name=sthb1 /&gt;

Astaanta sare waxay ahayd sawirka [[Britannia]] oo ku fadhida taaj ciidanka badda oo dahab ah. Laba barroosimo oo dahab ah ayaa la dhigay gaashaanka nyankiisa. Hal-ku-dhiggu wuxuu ahaa ''Fac et spera''.

Markii dowladda hoose la kala diray 1996, goluhu wuxuu dhigay agabkiisii rasmiga ahaa, oo ay ku jiraan waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee ka yimid College of Arms, gacanta ururka Simon's Town Historical Society.&lt;ref name=sthb2&gt;''Simons' Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1997).&lt;/ref&gt; Ururku wuxuu hubka ku diiwaangaliyay magaciisa gaarka ah gudaha [[Bureau of Heraldry]] bishii October 1999.&lt;ref name=boh&gt;[http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl National Archives of South Africa : Data of the Bureau of Heraldry] Department of Arts and Culture, Republic of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sawiro==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
N.N. (1806) p046 VIEW OF SIMONS BAY.jpg|Simon's Bay - Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda, 1806
Lt Humphrey John Julian - The Admiral House, Simon^s Town, Cape of Good Hope - B1975.4.1304 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|The Admiral House, Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, 1844
SAS Isandlwana F146 Simon's Town.jpg|[[Naval Base Simon's Town|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] ee Simon's Town.
Kalk Bay, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-23, DD 06.jpg|Muqaalka gacanka laga dhex arkayo khadka tareenka.
Simons Town station.JPG|[[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]]
Simon's Town Harbor.jpg|Doonyaha jooga dekedda Simon's Town.
Admiralty House St Georges Street Simonstown Cape Town - Side view 1.JPG|Admiralty House
Simonstown.jpg|Bartamaha taariikhiga ah ee Simon's Town
Simon's Town 2008-08-16.jpg|Muqaalka dekedda iyadoo ay muuqdaan doonyaha firaaqada ee dadka rayidka ah xagga hore iyo saldhigga ciidanka badda oo xagga midig ku yaal xagga dambe.
Just Nuisance at Jubilee Square - panoramio.jpg|Taallada [[Just Nuisance]] ee Simon's Town.
Middle North Battery Simon's Town 9 inch Gun firing 24th September 2014 v2.jpg| Madfaca la soo celiyay ee [[RML 9-inch 12-ton gun|9 Inch MLR Gun]] oo laga ridayo Middle North Battery ee eegaya magaalada. 
Roman Rock Lighthouse.webm|Duulimaad ku wareegsan Roman Rock Lighthouse oo wax yar ka baxsan dekedda Simon's Town.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Simon's Town}}
* {{annotated link|List of heritage sites in Simonstown}}
* {{annotated link|Simonstown Agreement}}
* {{annotated link|Selborne Graving Dock}}
* {{annotated link|Roman Rock Lighthouse}}

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
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* [http://www.simonstown.org/ Simon's Town Historical Society]
*[https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-in-south-africa-the-simonstown-agreement/ The British naval base]</text>
      <sha1>st3suicrgadnj2dx8hmx0nn4r22s0wj</sha1>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <comment>/* Astaanta gaashaanka */</comment>
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      <text bytes="19420" sha1="1u6r4eyqll3c0bterx06ln5wzzha0n4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Magaalada Simon 
| native_name        = '''''Simonstad'''''
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Simons-town.jpg
  | alt1                 = Aerial View
  | image2                 = Suráfrica, Simon's Town 04.jpg
  | alt2                 = St Georges Street
  | image3                 = Queen Victoria Fountain, Jubilee Square.JPG
  | alt3                 = Jubilee Square
  | image4                 = Simon's Town waterfront.jpeg
  | alt4                 = Waterfront
  | image5                 = Simons Town Sign.jpg
  | alt5                 = Simons Town Sign}}
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|11|36|S|18|26|00|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Country|Dalka]] 
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|South Africa}} 
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] 
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Western Cape}} 
| subdivision_type2  = Degmada
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Magaalada]] 
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|City of Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Meesha Weyn
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| established_date   = 1680&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |chapter=Annexure A [Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa...] |title=The Royal Engineers and Settlement Planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, Methodology and Impact |url= http://repository.up.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/2263/26503/05back.pdf?sequence=6&amp;isAllowed=y |last=Robson |first=Linda Gillian |date=6 September 2011 |publisher=University of Pretoria |access-date=24 June 2012 |format=PDF |page=xlv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| named_for          = [[Simon van der Stel]]
| leader_party       = [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]]
| leader_title       = [[Councillor|Xildhibaan]]
| leader_name        = Simon Liell-Cock
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199053 |title = Main Place Simon's Town |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 19.81
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 6569
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka midabka (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 24.5%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Coloureds|Midabka isku dhafka ah (Coloured)]]
| demographics1_info2 = 12.7%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Indian South African|Hindi]]/[[Asian South African|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 4.4%
| demographics1_title4 = [[White South African|Cadaan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 56.4%
| demographics1_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics1_info5 = 2.0%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[First language|Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[South African English|Ingiriisi]]
| demographics2_info1 = 68%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 19%
| demographics2_title3 = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info3 = 3.5%
| demographics2_title4 = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info4 = 2.5%
| demographics2_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics2_info5 = 1%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Lambarka boostada]] (wadada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Post-office box|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7995
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Koodka telefoonka]]
| image_caption      = '''U socota dhanka saacadda laga bilaabo sare''': Muqaalka Simon's Town, Fagaaraha Jubilee, Booska soo dhawaynta, Xeebta Simon's Town, Wadada St George's.
}}

'''Magaalada Simon''' ({{langx|af|Simonstad}}), mararka qaar loo qoro '''Simonstown''', waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, waana hooyga [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah saldhigga ugu weyn ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://web1.capetown.gov.za/web1/OpenDataPortal/DatasetDetail?DatasetName=Official%20planning%20suburbs|title=Official planning suburbs |access-date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal xeebta Simon's Bay ee gudaha [[False Bay]], dhanka bari ee [[Cape Peninsula]]. Muddo ka badan laba qarni, waxay ahayd saldhig ciidanka badda iyo deked (markii hore ee [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] haddana ah [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]). Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray [[Simon van der Stel]], oo ahaa gudoomiyihii hore ee [[Cape Colony]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/places/simonstown | title=Simonstown | publisher=SA History online | access-date=August 21, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafi ahaan==
Dhulku wuxuu si aad ah u kacayaa meel u dhow qarka biyaha, magaaladana waxaa ku hareeraysan xeebta dhererka sare ee buuraha ka sarreeya. Dekedda yar lafteeda waxaa ka ilaaliya ruxruxa badda darbi biyood ([[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]]) kaas oo lagu dhisay kumanaan xabbadood oo waaweyn oo ah dhagax-ciideed (sandstone) oo laga soo qoday wejiga buurta ka sarreysa.

Simon's Town hadda waxay si dhab ah u tahay xaafad ka tirsan [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]. [[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]] waa dhammaadka [[Southern Line (Cape Town)|Khadka Koonfureed]], oo ah khad tareen oo dhex mara koonfurta bartamaha ganacsiga ee Cape Town. Meelaha qaar, khadka tareenku wuxuu dhex maraa xeebta bari ee aadka u dhow ee False Bay, marka cimiladu xun tahayna hirarka iyo xumbada ruxruxa culus ee badda waxay qoyaan tareenada.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Goobaha soo jiidashada iyo tas-hiilaadka==

===Xeebta Boulders===
[[File:Boulders Beach Suedafrika.jpg|thumb|left|Binguinnada Afrikaanka ah (''Spheniscus demersus'') ee jooga [[Boulders Beach]]]]
[[Boulders Beach]] waxay ku taal dhowr kiiloomitir koonfurta Simon's Town, dhanka u socota [[Miller's Point, Western Cape|Miller's Point]]. Halkaan godad yaryar iyo xeebaha ayaa dhex yaal dhagaxyada waaweyn ee granite-ka Cape ah. Waxaa jiray gumeysi binguinnada Afrikaanka ah ([[African penguin]]s) ee ku yaal Xeebta Boulders tan iyo sanadkii 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/boulders|title=Boulders Penguin Colony Simon's Town {{!}} Penguins Cape Town|website=www.capetownmagazine.com|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma jiraan wax diiwaan ah oo muujinaya in shimbirahaas ay halkan ku noolaayeen taariikhdaas ka hor. Waxaa lagu muujiyay, iyadoo ay la socdaan muuqaallo magaalada ka mid ah, taxanaha 2021 ee ''[[Penguin Town]]''. Waxaa jira saddex meelood oo kaliya oo ay binguinnadu ku nool yihiin dhulka weyn ee koonfurta Afrika; kuwa kale waxay u dhow yihiin [[Hermanus]] ee Stoney Point iyo [[Betty's Bay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://notwithoutmypassport.com/penguins-in-south-africa/|title=Where to See Penguins in South Africa|date=2016-03-03|website=Not Without My Passport|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Munaaradda Martello===
Toddobaadyadii ugu dambeeyay ee 1795 ama toddobaadyadii ugu horreeyay ee 1796, Ingiriisku wuxuu dhisay munaarad wareegsan ([[Martello tower]]) goob maanta ku dhex taal Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda. Ingiriiska ayaa xilligaas la wareegay gumeysigii Nederlaan ee [[Cape of Good Hope]] wuxuuna doonayay inuu diso difaacyo si uu isaga caabiyo weerarada suurtagalka ah ee Nederlaan ama Faransiiska. Munaaraddii ka dhalatay waxay ahayd {{convert|26|ft|m|order=flip|0}} sare, waxay lahayd dhexroor salka ah oo ah {{convert|42|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, iyo darbiyo dhumucdoodu tahay {{convert|6|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, inkastoo aysan jirin wax caddayn ah oo muujinaya in Ingiriisku moseeyay qoryihii munaaraddu loogu talagalay inay qaaddo. Munaaradda horkeeda, Ingiriisku wuxuu kaloo dhisay batari ay ku qalabayn jireen madaafiic. [[Martello tower|Munaaradda Martello]] waxaa loo isticmaali jiray calaamad hagitaan u ah maraakiibta soo galaya Simon's Bay, waxaana la caddeeyay qiyaastii 1843. Munaaradda waxaa dib u soo celiyay 1972 ururka Simon's Town Historical Society (iyadoo lala kaashanayo [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]), waxaana lagu dhawaaqay [[Provincial heritage site (South Africa)|goob hanti dhaqameed goboleed]]; maanta waxay hoy u tahay matxaf yar.

===Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika===
[[South African Naval Museum|Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] waa [[maritime museum|matxaf baddeed]], kaas oo ka kooban ururin iyo agabyo la xiriira taariikhda baddeed ee Koonfur Afrika iyo Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika.
[[File:The Residency built in 1777..jpg|thumb|Matxafka [[Simon's Town Museum]]]]

===Matxafka Simon's Town===
[[Simon's Town Museum|Matxafka Simon's Town]] waa matxaf bulsho oo la aasaasay 1977 wuxuuna ku yaal The Residency, oo ah dhismo taariikhi ah oo uu dhisay Gudoomiye [[Joachim van Plettenberg]] 1777. Matxafku wuxuu diiwaangeliyaa wuxuuna dhowraa dhammaan dhinacyada taariikhda bulshada Simon's Town.

=== Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town ===
Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town waa matxaf guri oo ay aasaastay Zainab Davidson ka dib markii gurigii qoyska Amlay dib loo soo celiyay ka dib midab-takoorkii (apartheid). Ka dib hawlgabnimadii Davidson, wiilka ay eeddada u tahay ee Sheribeen Amlay ayaa la wareegay maamulka matxafka. Ururinta waxaa ka mid ah sawirro, wargeysyo, agabyo taariikhi ah, iyo kheyraadka nasabka ee dadka deggan Simon's Town ka hor midab-takoorkii. Ururinta muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah kuwa la xiriira taariikhda dhismaha Muslimiinta ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon's Town Heritage Museum in Simons Town, Cape Town |url=https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/visit-the-heritage-museum-in-simons-town/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.sa-venues.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Farshaxanka guud===
Sanadkii 1985, taallo loo sameeyay [[Just Nuisance]], oo ah eyga keliya ee abid si rasmi ah looga qoray [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska]], ayaa laga taagay meel dekedda ka sarreysa. Matxafka Simon's Town wuxuu leeyahay bandhig u gooni ah sheekadiisa.

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Georgia Papageorge]], farshaxan-yahan dhanka rakibaadda ah
*[[Hendrik Vermeulen]], naqshadeeye dhar
*[[Simon Peyton Jones]], saynisyahan kombuyuutar oo ku dhashay (loona bixiyay magaca) Simonstown

[[File:Simon's Town (43182022921).jpg|thumb|Dekedda Simon's Town]]

==Dhaqaalaha==
In kasta oo Simon's Town mararka qaar lagu tilmaami jiray &quot;deked xor ah,&quot; haddana dhab ahaantii waxaa loogu dhawaaqay '''deked bakhaar xor ah''' bishii April 1832 — taas oo ah kala soocid kastam oo ka duwan oo ka cidhiidhsan aqoonsiga &quot;dekedda xorta ah&quot; ee aan xaddidnayn ee la siiyay Port Elizabeth isla xilligaas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Edmund |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44075/44075-h/44075-h.htm |title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat; in the U.S. Sloop-of-war Peacock ... During the Years 1832-3-4 |publisher=Harper &amp; Brothers |year=1837 |location=New York |page=388}}&lt;/ref&gt; — magacaabistaasna waxay ka tarjumaysay nidaamkii ciidanka badda iyo kastamka ee xilligii gumeysiga halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd xaalad ganacsi oo xor ah oo socota. Tan iyo markii uu dhacay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] iyo wareejintii rasmiga ahayd ee saldhigga ciidanka badda ee lagu wareejiyay maamulka Koonfur Afrika 1957, goobtu waxay inta badan u shaqaynaysay sidii [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah xarunta dhexe ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]], waxaana loo maamulaa ujeedooyin ciidanka badda ah halkii ay ahaan lahayd dhoofinta ganacsiga caadiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Wanted: A new Simon's Town agreement? |url=https://defenceweb.co.za/sea/sea-sea/wanted-a-new-simons-town-agreement/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=DefenceWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaha dekedaha ee casriga ah waxay dekedda ku liisgreeyaan hoosta [[UN/LOCODE]] '''ZASMN'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UN/LOCODE Code List by Country: South Africa (ZA) |url=https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=UNECE}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ku tilmaamaan inay tahay marsada maraakiibta/dekedda ciidanka badda halkii ay ahaan lahayd deked ganacsi oo firfircoon, taas oo muujinaysa hawlgallo xaddidan ama aan la lahayn hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah; dekedaha ganacsiga ee u dhow sida [[Cape Town]] iyo [[Saldanha Bay]] ayaa u adeega baahiyaha dhoofinta ganacsiga ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Ports |url=https://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Transnet National Ports Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo dekeddu ay qaaddo maraakiibta firaaqada iyo kuwa soo booqda iyada oo loo marayo marina-ka maxalliga ah iyo naadiga doonyaha, xirashada noocaas ah ee dadka rayidka ah waxaa lagu maamulaa nidaamka marina-ka iyo xakamaynta marin-ha u goonida ah ciidanka badda mana muujiso hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon's Town Marina |url=https://www.stmc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Simon's Town Marina Company (STMC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=False Bay Yacht Club |url=https://fbyc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaanta gaashaanka==
Golaha deegaanka ee Simon's Town wuxuu qaatay astaan gaashaan oo uu naqshadeeyay Adelbert Bonn, bishii September 1905.&lt;ref name=sthb1&gt;Chapman, F.P.  'How the town obtained its coat of arms' in ''Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1973).&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa bixiyay [[College of Arms]] 27-kii September 1957.

Naqshadda waxaa loo sifeeyay ''Saddex biloodle: I iyo IV, si toosan laba qaybood u kala baxsan; qaybta midig Argent, saddex munaaradood Gules ah oo loo dhigay 2 iyo 1; qaybta bidixna si jiif ah laba qaybood u kala baxsan Or iyo Azure, qaybta sare buur Vert ah oo uu ku taagan yahay daawuus baalashiisu fidsan yihiin oo dabiici ah, qaybta hoosena saddex saxan Argent ah oo loo dhigay 2 iyo 1. II iyo III, Azure, hal xiddig estoile ah iyo madaxda gaashaanka saddex bilood oo yaryar 
Argent ah. Dusha dhammaan waxaa saaran kartuus oval ah oo geesihiisu laalaaban yihiin Or, kuna xardhan nus libaax kac''. Si ka fudud, gaashaanku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay afar meelood. Meesha ugu horreysa waxaa loo qaybiyay si toos ah, iyadoo qayb ka mid ah ay muujinayso saddex munaaradood oo casaan ah oo ku yaal asalka qaddinka ah  qeybta kalena ay tahay daauus ku yaal asalka dahabka ah ee ka sarreeya saddex saxan oo qaddinka ah oo ku yaal asalka cas; meesha labaad waa buluug, iyadoo leh saddex bilood oo qaddinka ah xagga sare iyo xiddig ruxruxa hoos ugu yaal asalka buluugga ah; meesha saddexaad waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha labaad, meesha afraadna waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha ugu horreysa; dhexda waxaa ku yaal wareeg oval ah oo leh gees qurxoon oo muujinaya libaax casaan ah oo ka soo baxaya xariijimo cagaar ah oo ruxruxa oo ku yaal asalka dahabka ah.&lt;ref name=ngw&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Simon%27s_Town|title=Simon's Town heraldry|last=Ralf|first=Hartemink|date=10 January 2016|website=Heraldry of the world|publisher=www.ngl.nl|access-date=9 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwaani waxay ahaayeen nooc wax yar laga beddelay oo ka mid ah hubka [[Willem Adriaan van der Stel]], kaas oo Bonn uu si khaldan ugu qaatay inay yihiin kuwii aabihiis [[Simon van der Stel]].&lt;ref name=sthb1 /&gt;

Astaanta sare waxay ahayd sawirka [[Britannia]] oo ku fadhida taaj ciidanka badda oo dahab ah. Laba barroosimo oo dahab ah ayaa la dhigay gaashaanka nyankiisa. Hal-ku-dhiggu wuxuu ahaa ''Fac et spera''.

Markii dowladda hoose la kala diray 1996, goluhu wuxuu dhigay agabkiisii rasmiga ahaa, oo ay ku jiraan waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee ka yimid College of Arms, gacanta ururka Simon's Town Historical Society.&lt;ref name=sthb2&gt;''Simons' Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1997).&lt;/ref&gt; Ururku wuxuu hubka ku diiwaangaliyay magaciisa gaarka ah gudaha [[Bureau of Heraldry]] bishii October 1999.&lt;ref name=boh&gt;[http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl National Archives of South Africa : Data of the Bureau of Heraldry] Department of Arts and Culture, Republic of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sawiro==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
N.N. (1806) p046 VIEW OF SIMONS BAY.jpg|Simon's Bay - Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda, 1806
Lt Humphrey John Julian - The Admiral House, Simon^s Town, Cape of Good Hope - B1975.4.1304 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|The Admiral House, Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, 1844
SAS Isandlwana F146 Simon's Town.jpg|[[Naval Base Simon's Town|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] ee Simon's Town.
Kalk Bay, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-23, DD 06.jpg|Muqaalka gacanka laga dhex arkayo khadka tareenka.
Simons Town station.JPG|[[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]]
Simon's Town Harbor.jpg|Doonyaha jooga dekedda Simon's Town.
Admiralty House St Georges Street Simonstown Cape Town - Side view 1.JPG|Admiralty House
Simonstown.jpg|Bartamaha taariikhiga ah ee Simon's Town
Simon's Town 2008-08-16.jpg|Muqaalka dekedda iyadoo ay muuqdaan doonyaha firaaqada ee dadka rayidka ah xagga hore iyo saldhigga ciidanka badda oo xagga midig ku yaal xagga dambe.
Just Nuisance at Jubilee Square - panoramio.jpg|Taallada [[Just Nuisance]] ee Simon's Town.
Middle North Battery Simon's Town 9 inch Gun firing 24th September 2014 v2.jpg| Madfaca la soo celiyay ee [[RML 9-inch 12-ton gun|9 Inch MLR Gun]] oo laga ridayo Middle North Battery ee eegaya magaalada. 
Roman Rock Lighthouse.webm|Duulimaad ku wareegsan Roman Rock Lighthouse oo wax yar ka baxsan dekedda Simon's Town.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Simon's Town}}
* {{annotated link|List of heritage sites in Simonstown}}
* {{annotated link|Simonstown Agreement}}
* {{annotated link|Selborne Graving Dock}}
* {{annotated link|Roman Rock Lighthouse}}

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
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* [http://www.simonstown.org/ Simon's Town Historical Society]
*[https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-in-south-africa-the-simonstown-agreement/ The British naval base]</text>
      <sha1>1u6r4eyqll3c0bterx06ln5wzzha0n4</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>298981</id>
      <parentid>298980</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T14:48:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <comment>/* Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale */</comment>
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      <text bytes="19206" sha1="ro1o26wk6hdrkpq2hdxu154igk6erkg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Magaalada Simon 
| native_name        = '''''Simonstad'''''
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Simons-town.jpg
  | alt1                 = Aerial View
  | image2                 = Suráfrica, Simon's Town 04.jpg
  | alt2                 = St Georges Street
  | image3                 = Queen Victoria Fountain, Jubilee Square.JPG
  | alt3                 = Jubilee Square
  | image4                 = Simon's Town waterfront.jpeg
  | alt4                 = Waterfront
  | image5                 = Simons Town Sign.jpg
  | alt5                 = Simons Town Sign}}
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|11|36|S|18|26|00|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Country|Dalka]] 
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|South Africa}} 
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] 
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Western Cape}} 
| subdivision_type2  = Degmada
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Magaalada]] 
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|City of Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Meesha Weyn
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| established_date   = 1680&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |chapter=Annexure A [Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa...] |title=The Royal Engineers and Settlement Planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, Methodology and Impact |url= http://repository.up.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/2263/26503/05back.pdf?sequence=6&amp;isAllowed=y |last=Robson |first=Linda Gillian |date=6 September 2011 |publisher=University of Pretoria |access-date=24 June 2012 |format=PDF |page=xlv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| named_for          = [[Simon van der Stel]]
| leader_party       = [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]]
| leader_title       = [[Councillor|Xildhibaan]]
| leader_name        = Simon Liell-Cock
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199053 |title = Main Place Simon's Town |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 19.81
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 6569
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka midabka (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 24.5%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Coloureds|Midabka isku dhafka ah (Coloured)]]
| demographics1_info2 = 12.7%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Indian South African|Hindi]]/[[Asian South African|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 4.4%
| demographics1_title4 = [[White South African|Cadaan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 56.4%
| demographics1_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics1_info5 = 2.0%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[First language|Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[South African English|Ingiriisi]]
| demographics2_info1 = 68%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 19%
| demographics2_title3 = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info3 = 3.5%
| demographics2_title4 = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info4 = 2.5%
| demographics2_title5 = Kuwa kale
| demographics2_info5 = 1%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Lambarka boostada]] (wadada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Post-office box|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7995
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Koodka telefoonka]]
| image_caption      = '''U socota dhanka saacadda laga bilaabo sare''': Muqaalka Simon's Town, Fagaaraha Jubilee, Booska soo dhawaynta, Xeebta Simon's Town, Wadada St George's.
}}

'''Magaalada Simon''' ({{langx|af|Simonstad}}), mararka qaar loo qoro '''Simonstown''', waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, waana hooyga [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah saldhigga ugu weyn ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://web1.capetown.gov.za/web1/OpenDataPortal/DatasetDetail?DatasetName=Official%20planning%20suburbs|title=Official planning suburbs |access-date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal xeebta Simon's Bay ee gudaha [[False Bay]], dhanka bari ee [[Cape Peninsula]]. Muddo ka badan laba qarni, waxay ahayd saldhig ciidanka badda iyo deked (markii hore ee [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] haddana ah [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]). Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray [[Simon van der Stel]], oo ahaa gudoomiyihii hore ee [[Cape Colony]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SAHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/places/simonstown | title=Simonstown | publisher=SA History online | access-date=August 21, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafi ahaan==
Dhulku wuxuu si aad ah u kacayaa meel u dhow qarka biyaha, magaaladana waxaa ku hareeraysan xeebta dhererka sare ee buuraha ka sarreeya. Dekedda yar lafteeda waxaa ka ilaaliya ruxruxa badda darbi biyood ([[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]]) kaas oo lagu dhisay kumanaan xabbadood oo waaweyn oo ah dhagax-ciideed (sandstone) oo laga soo qoday wejiga buurta ka sarreysa.

Simon's Town hadda waxay si dhab ah u tahay xaafad ka tirsan [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]. [[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]] waa dhammaadka [[Southern Line (Cape Town)|Khadka Koonfureed]], oo ah khad tareen oo dhex mara koonfurta bartamaha ganacsiga ee Cape Town. Meelaha qaar, khadka tareenku wuxuu dhex maraa xeebta bari ee aadka u dhow ee False Bay, marka cimiladu xun tahayna hirarka iyo xumbada ruxruxa culus ee badda waxay qoyaan tareenada.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Goobaha soo jiidashada iyo tas-hiilaadka==

===Xeebta Boulders===
[[File:Boulders Beach Suedafrika.jpg|thumb|left|Binguinnada Afrikaanka ah (''Spheniscus demersus'') ee jooga [[Boulders Beach]]]]
[[Boulders Beach]] waxay ku taal dhowr kiiloomitir koonfurta Simon's Town, dhanka u socota [[Miller's Point, Western Cape|Miller's Point]]. Halkaan godad yaryar iyo xeebaha ayaa dhex yaal dhagaxyada waaweyn ee granite-ka Cape ah. Waxaa jiray gumeysi binguinnada Afrikaanka ah ([[African penguin]]s) ee ku yaal Xeebta Boulders tan iyo sanadkii 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/boulders|title=Boulders Penguin Colony Simon's Town {{!}} Penguins Cape Town|website=www.capetownmagazine.com|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma jiraan wax diiwaan ah oo muujinaya in shimbirahaas ay halkan ku noolaayeen taariikhdaas ka hor. Waxaa lagu muujiyay, iyadoo ay la socdaan muuqaallo magaalada ka mid ah, taxanaha 2021 ee ''[[Penguin Town]]''. Waxaa jira saddex meelood oo kaliya oo ay binguinnadu ku nool yihiin dhulka weyn ee koonfurta Afrika; kuwa kale waxay u dhow yihiin [[Hermanus]] ee Stoney Point iyo [[Betty's Bay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://notwithoutmypassport.com/penguins-in-south-africa/|title=Where to See Penguins in South Africa|date=2016-03-03|website=Not Without My Passport|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Munaaradda Martello===
Toddobaadyadii ugu dambeeyay ee 1795 ama toddobaadyadii ugu horreeyay ee 1796, Ingiriisku wuxuu dhisay munaarad wareegsan ([[Martello tower]]) goob maanta ku dhex taal Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda. Ingiriiska ayaa xilligaas la wareegay gumeysigii Nederlaan ee [[Cape of Good Hope]] wuxuuna doonayay inuu diso difaacyo si uu isaga caabiyo weerarada suurtagalka ah ee Nederlaan ama Faransiiska. Munaaraddii ka dhalatay waxay ahayd {{convert|26|ft|m|order=flip|0}} sare, waxay lahayd dhexroor salka ah oo ah {{convert|42|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, iyo darbiyo dhumucdoodu tahay {{convert|6|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, inkastoo aysan jirin wax caddayn ah oo muujinaya in Ingiriisku moseeyay qoryihii munaaraddu loogu talagalay inay qaaddo. Munaaradda horkeeda, Ingiriisku wuxuu kaloo dhisay batari ay ku qalabayn jireen madaafiic. [[Martello tower|Munaaradda Martello]] waxaa loo isticmaali jiray calaamad hagitaan u ah maraakiibta soo galaya Simon's Bay, waxaana la caddeeyay qiyaastii 1843. Munaaradda waxaa dib u soo celiyay 1972 ururka Simon's Town Historical Society (iyadoo lala kaashanayo [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]]), waxaana lagu dhawaaqay [[Provincial heritage site (South Africa)|goob hanti dhaqameed goboleed]]; maanta waxay hoy u tahay matxaf yar.

===Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika===
[[South African Naval Museum|Matxafka Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] waa [[maritime museum|matxaf baddeed]], kaas oo ka kooban ururin iyo agabyo la xiriira taariikhda baddeed ee Koonfur Afrika iyo Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika.
[[File:The Residency built in 1777..jpg|thumb|Matxafka [[Simon's Town Museum]]]]

===Matxafka Simon's Town===
[[Simon's Town Museum|Matxafka Simon's Town]] waa matxaf bulsho oo la aasaasay 1977 wuxuuna ku yaal The Residency, oo ah dhismo taariikhi ah oo uu dhisay Gudoomiye [[Joachim van Plettenberg]] 1777. Matxafku wuxuu diiwaangeliyaa wuxuuna dhowraa dhammaan dhinacyada taariikhda bulshada Simon's Town.

=== Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town ===
Matxafka Dhaxalka ee Simon's Town waa matxaf guri oo ay aasaastay Zainab Davidson ka dib markii gurigii qoyska Amlay dib loo soo celiyay ka dib midab-takoorkii (apartheid). Ka dib hawlgabnimadii Davidson, wiilka ay eeddada u tahay ee Sheribeen Amlay ayaa la wareegay maamulka matxafka. Ururinta waxaa ka mid ah sawirro, wargeysyo, agabyo taariikhi ah, iyo kheyraadka nasabka ee dadka deggan Simon's Town ka hor midab-takoorkii. Ururinta muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah kuwa la xiriira taariikhda dhismaha Muslimiinta ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simon's Town Heritage Museum in Simons Town, Cape Town |url=https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/visit-the-heritage-museum-in-simons-town/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.sa-venues.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Farshaxanka guud===
Sanadkii 1985, taallo loo sameeyay [[Just Nuisance]], oo ah eyga keliya ee abid si rasmi ah looga qoray [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska]], ayaa laga taagay meel dekedda ka sarreysa. Matxafka Simon's Town wuxuu leeyahay bandhig u gooni ah sheekadiisa.

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Georgia Papageorge]], farshaxan-yahan dhanka rakibaadda ah
*[[Hendrik Vermeulen]], naqshadeeye dhar
*[[Simon Peyton Jones]], saynisyahan kombuyuutar oo ku dhashay (loona bixiyay magaca) Simonstown

[[File:Simon's Town (43182022921).jpg|thumb|Dekedda Simon's Town]]

==Dhaqaalaha==
In kasta oo Simon's Town mararka qaar lagu tilmaami jiray &quot;deked xor ah,&quot; haddana dhab ahaantii waxaa loogu dhawaaqay '''deked bakhaar xor ah''' bishii April 1832 — taas oo ah kala soocid kastam oo ka duwan oo ka cidhiidhsan aqoonsiga &quot;dekedda xorta ah&quot; ee aan xaddidnayn ee la siiyay Port Elizabeth isla xilligaas&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Edmund |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44075/44075-h/44075-h.htm |title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat; in the U.S. Sloop-of-war Peacock ... During the Years 1832-3-4 |publisher=Harper &amp; Brothers |year=1837 |location=New York |page=388}}&lt;/ref&gt; — magacaabistaasna waxay ka tarjumaysay nidaamkii ciidanka badda iyo kastamka ee xilligii gumeysiga halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd xaalad ganacsi oo xor ah oo socota. Tan iyo markii uu dhacay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] iyo wareejintii rasmiga ahayd ee saldhigga ciidanka badda ee lagu wareejiyay maamulka Koonfur Afrika 1957, goobtu waxay inta badan u shaqaynaysay sidii [[Naval Base Simon's Town]], oo ah xarunta dhexe ee [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda Koonfur Afrika]], waxaana loo maamulaa ujeedooyin ciidanka badda ah halkii ay ahaan lahayd dhoofinta ganacsiga caadiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2025-12-12 |title=Wanted: A new Simon's Town agreement? |url=https://defenceweb.co.za/sea/sea-sea/wanted-a-new-simons-town-agreement/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=DefenceWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaha dekedaha ee casriga ah waxay dekedda ku liisgreeyaan hoosta [[UN/LOCODE]] '''ZASMN'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UN/LOCODE Code List by Country: South Africa (ZA) |url=https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=UNECE}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ku tilmaamaan inay tahay marsada maraakiibta/dekedda ciidanka badda halkii ay ahaan lahayd deked ganacsi oo firfircoon, taas oo muujinaysa hawlgallo xaddidan ama aan la lahayn hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah; dekedaha ganacsiga ee u dhow sida [[Cape Town]] iyo [[Saldanha Bay]] ayaa u adeega baahiyaha dhoofinta ganacsiga ee gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Ports |url=https://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Transnet National Ports Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo dekeddu ay qaaddo maraakiibta firaaqada iyo kuwa soo booqda iyada oo loo marayo marina-ka maxalliga ah iyo naadiga doonyaha, xirashada noocaas ah ee dadka rayidka ah waxaa lagu maamulaa nidaamka marina-ka iyo xakamaynta marin-ha u goonida ah ciidanka badda mana muujiso hawlgallo deked ganacsi oo caadi ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon's Town Marina |url=https://www.stmc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22 |publisher=Simon's Town Marina Company (STMC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=False Bay Yacht Club |url=https://fbyc.co.za/ |access-date=2026-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaanta gaashaanka==
Golaha deegaanka ee Simon's Town wuxuu qaatay astaan gaashaan oo uu naqshadeeyay Adelbert Bonn, bishii September 1905.&lt;ref name=sthb1&gt;Chapman, F.P.  'How the town obtained its coat of arms' in ''Simon's Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1973).&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa bixiyay [[College of Arms]] 27-kii September 1957.

Naqshadda waxaa loo sifeeyay ''Saddex biloodle: I iyo IV, si toosan laba qaybood u kala baxsan; qaybta midig Argent, saddex munaaradood Gules ah oo loo dhigay 2 iyo 1; qaybta bidixna si jiif ah laba qaybood u kala baxsan Or iyo Azure, qaybta sare buur Vert ah oo uu ku taagan yahay daawuus baalashiisu fidsan yihiin oo dabiici ah, qaybta hoosena saddex saxan Argent ah oo loo dhigay 2 iyo 1. II iyo III, Azure, hal xiddig estoile ah iyo madaxda gaashaanka saddex bilood oo yaryar 
Argent ah. Dusha dhammaan waxaa saaran kartuus oval ah oo geesihiisu laalaaban yihiin Or, kuna xardhan nus libaax kac''. Si ka fudud, gaashaanku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay afar meelood. Meesha ugu horreysa waxaa loo qaybiyay si toos ah, iyadoo qayb ka mid ah ay muujinayso saddex munaaradood oo casaan ah oo ku yaal asalka qaddinka ah  qeybta kalena ay tahay daauus ku yaal asalka dahabka ah ee ka sarreeya saddex saxan oo qaddinka ah oo ku yaal asalka cas; meesha labaad waa buluug, iyadoo leh saddex bilood oo qaddinka ah xagga sare iyo xiddig ruxruxa hoos ugu yaal asalka buluugga ah; meesha saddexaad waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha labaad, meesha afraadna waa isku mid oo la mid ah meesha ugu horreysa; dhexda waxaa ku yaal wareeg oval ah oo leh gees qurxoon oo muujinaya libaax casaan ah oo ka soo baxaya xariijimo cagaar ah oo ruxruxa oo ku yaal asalka dahabka ah.&lt;ref name=ngw&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Simon%27s_Town|title=Simon's Town heraldry|last=Ralf|first=Hartemink|date=10 January 2016|website=Heraldry of the world|publisher=www.ngl.nl|access-date=9 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuwaani waxay ahaayeen nooc wax yar laga beddelay oo ka mid ah hubka [[Willem Adriaan van der Stel]], kaas oo Bonn uu si khaldan ugu qaatay inay yihiin kuwii aabihiis [[Simon van der Stel]].&lt;ref name=sthb1 /&gt;

Astaanta sare waxay ahayd sawirka [[Britannia]] oo ku fadhida taaj ciidanka badda oo dahab ah. Laba barroosimo oo dahab ah ayaa la dhigay gaashaanka nyankiisa. Hal-ku-dhiggu wuxuu ahaa ''Fac et spera''.

Markii dowladda hoose la kala diray 1996, goluhu wuxuu dhigay agabkiisii rasmiga ahaa, oo ay ku jiraan waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee ka yimid College of Arms, gacanta ururka Simon's Town Historical Society.&lt;ref name=sthb2&gt;''Simons' Town Historical Society Bulletin'' (July 1997).&lt;/ref&gt; Ururku wuxuu hubka ku diiwaangaliyay magaciisa gaarka ah gudaha [[Bureau of Heraldry]] bishii October 1999.&lt;ref name=boh&gt;[http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl National Archives of South Africa : Data of the Bureau of Heraldry] Department of Arts and Culture, Republic of South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sawiro==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
N.N. (1806) p046 VIEW OF SIMONS BAY.jpg|Simon's Bay - Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda, 1806
Lt Humphrey John Julian - The Admiral House, Simon^s Town, Cape of Good Hope - B1975.4.1304 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|The Admiral House, Simon's Town, Cape of Good Hope, 1844
SAS Isandlwana F146 Simon's Town.jpg|[[Naval Base Simon's Town|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] ee Simon's Town.
Kalk Bay, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-23, DD 06.jpg|Muqaalka gacanka laga dhex arkayo khadka tareenka.
Simons Town station.JPG|[[Simon's Town railway station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Simon's Town]]
Simon's Town Harbor.jpg|Doonyaha jooga dekedda Simon's Town.
Admiralty House St Georges Street Simonstown Cape Town - Side view 1.JPG|Admiralty House
Simonstown.jpg|Bartamaha taariikhiga ah ee Simon's Town
Simon's Town 2008-08-16.jpg|Muqaalka dekedda iyadoo ay muuqdaan doonyaha firaaqada ee dadka rayidka ah xagga hore iyo saldhigga ciidanka badda oo xagga midig ku yaal xagga dambe.
Just Nuisance at Jubilee Square - panoramio.jpg|Taallada [[Just Nuisance]] ee Simon's Town.
Middle North Battery Simon's Town 9 inch Gun firing 24th September 2014 v2.jpg| Madfaca la soo celiyay ee [[RML 9-inch 12-ton gun|9 Inch MLR Gun]] oo laga ridayo Middle North Battery ee eegaya magaalada. 
Roman Rock Lighthouse.webm|Duulimaad ku wareegsan Roman Rock Lighthouse oo wax yar ka baxsan dekedda Simon's Town.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Eeg halkaan fariimaha kale==
{{Commons category}}

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
&lt;!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================--&gt;
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* [http://www.simonstown.org/ Simon's Town Historical Society]
*[https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/the-uk-in-south-africa-the-simonstown-agreement/ The British naval base]</text>
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    <title>Jasiiradda Salisbury, Durban</title>
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      <text bytes="7025" sha1="o0tadzech7ffea39h070x9mr3j7jnp8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands|name=Salisbury Island|mapframe-zoom=12|pushpin_map=|country=South Africa|location=[[Durban Harbour]], [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]|coordinates={{coord|29|53|01|S|31|02|11|E|type:isle_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}}}

'''Jasiiradda Salisbury''' waxay ku taal gudaheeda [[Port of Durban|Dekedda Durban]] ee ku taal xeebta bari ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]; waa [[former island|jasiirad hore]] ilaa laga gaaray [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka]] markaas oo dhismaha [[Naval Base Durban|saldhigga ciidanka badda]] uu ku xiray dhul-weynaha si loogu maro [[causeway|waddo badda dhex marta]]. Jasiiradda, oo xilligaas ahayd meel bacaad ah oo ay ku yaallaan geedaha [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka), waxaa loogu magac daray {{HMS|Salisbury}}, oo ahayd markabkii [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] ee sahmiyay aagga dekedda mustaqbalka ee gumeysigii cusbaa ee Port Natal Colony 1820-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka iyo ka dib==
[[Naval Base Durban|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Durban]] waxaa loo dhisay Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska (Royal Navy) intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka si looga jawaabo hanjabaadda weerarada Jabaan ee ka dhanka ah maraakiibta ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Afrika. Waxay ahayd intii lagu guda jiray dhismahan markii jasiiraddu ay isu beddeshay jasiirad-gacmeed iyadoo loo marayo dhismaha waddo badda dhex marta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wessels|first1=Andre|title=South Africa and the War against Japan 1941-1945|journal=Military History Journal|date=June 1996|volume=10|issue=3|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol103aw.html|publisher=The South African Military History Society|issn=0026-4016 |oclc=2512522}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalka ka dib, saldhigga waxaa loo wareejiyay [[South African Naval Service|Adeegga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SANS), kaas oo tan iyo xilligaas hayey joogitaan isbedbeddela oo goos-goos ah.

Markii la saxiixay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] ee 1957, [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] wuxuu ka tanaasulay maamulkii SANS isagoo ku beddeshay isticmaalka [[Naval Base Simon's Town|saldhigga ku yaal Simon's Town]]. SANS wuxuu noqday [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SAN) iyadoo Salisbury Island ay noqotay saldhiggooda ugu weyn. Markii uu dhammaaday heshiiskii Simonstown, SAN waxay u wareejisay inta badan hawlgaladeeda Simon's Town, Durban-na waxay noqotay xarun labaad.

==Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida==
Sanadkii 1961, Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida (University College for Indians) ayaa laga aasaasay Salisbury Island. Waxaa la xiray 1971, markaas oo lagu beddelay [[University of Durban-Westville|Jaamacadda Durban-Westville]]. Nidaamkii [[apartheid|midab-takoorka]] ee ka jiray Koonfur Afrika, kooxaha dadka ee kala duwan waxay qasab ku ahayd inay lahaadaan tas-hiilaad kala gooni ah. Kuliyaddu waxay ahayd hay'addii ugu horreysay ee tacliinta sare ee si buuxda u qalabaysan oo loogu talagalay [[Indian South Africans|Koonfur Afrikaanka asalkoodu yahay Hindi]]. Ardaydu waxay u safri jireen kuliyadda iyagoo isticmaalaya doon feri ah ama waxay degenaayeen hoyga ardayda (hostels) ee ku yaal jasiiradda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Vahed|first=Goolam|title=The formal education journey of Cassim Dangor, 1963-1985: Reflections on education challenges in apartheid South Africa|journal=Historia|date=January 2014|volume=59|issue=1|url=http://ref.scielo.org/sjnzdb|publisher=Historical Association of South Africa|location=Pretoria|oclc=731736224}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://ref.scielo.org/29psyw |title=Remembering &quot;Salisbury Island&quot;|first=Devarakshanam |last= Govinden|journal=Yesterday and Today |publisher=South African Society for History Teaching |issn=2223-0386 |oclc=840012622 |number=6 |date=December 2011 |pages=53–62|place=Vanderbijlpark}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ardayda caanka ah ee ka qalin-jabisay kuliyadda waxaa ka mid ah [[Pravin Gordhan]], oo ahaa golihii hore ee [[Minister of Finance (South Africa)|Wasiirka Maaliyadda]], [[Roy Padayachie]], golihii hore ee [[Minister of Public Service and Administration (South Africa)|Wasiirka Adeegga Dadweynaha iyo Maamulka]], iyo qoraaga ahna agaasimaha matxafka [[Sarat Maharaj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mar kale sidii saldhig ciidan badda==
Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii 1970-yadii ilaa bilowgii 1990-yadii, waxay ahayd saldhigga hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta dagaalka ee [[Warrior class strike craft|Minister class strike craft]]. Xitaa ka dib xiritaankii kuliyadda, jasiiraddu waxay sii haysay xiriirka ay la leedahay bulshada Hindida qaabka {{SAS|Jalsena}} oo ahayd xarunta weyn ee tababarka badmaaxiinta Koonfur Afrikaanka ah ee Hindida ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markii hawlgab laga dhigay maraakiibta gantaalaha qaada, dhammaan maraakiibta dagaalka ee ciidanka badda waxaa laga dhigay saldhigga Naval Base Simon's Town, saldhiggii Durban-na waxaa loo dhimay [[Naval Station Durban|steshinka ciidanka badda]] sanadkii 2002. Qaar ka mid ah tas-hiilaadka saldhigga waxaa markaas la wareegay ciidanka dhulka si uu u noqdo saldhig guud oo taageero ah. Sanadkii 2012, go'aan lagu salaynayo guutada maraakiibta ilaalada badweynta ([[offshore patrol vessel]]) ee ciidanka badda gudaha Durban ayaa horseeday barnaamij dib-u-habayn si loo soo celiyo xarunta dib loona gaarsiiyo maqaam buuxa oo saldhig ciidanka badda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=23908:navy-may-upgrade-naval-station-durban-&amp;catid=108:maritime-security&amp;Itemid=233 |first1=Leon |last1=Engelbrecht |date=27 February 2012 |title=Navy may upgrade Naval Station Durban|publisher=DefenceWeb.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii December 2015, waxaa dib loogu magac daray saldhig ciidanka badda ah oo ah dekedda hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta ilaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Kim |last=Helfrich |url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=41760:minister-says-its-naval-base-durban-not-station&amp;catid=111:sa-defence&amp;Itemid=242 |title=Minister says it's Naval Base Durban, not Station |publisher=defenceWeb |date=2015-12-09 |accessdate=2015-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
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      <text bytes="7012" sha1="6kh8h921s23aqgt68wgn2cehu4rtdbe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands|name=Salisbury Island|mapframe-zoom=12|pushpin_map=|country=South Africa|location=[[Durban Harbour]], [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]|coordinates={{coord|29|53|01|S|31|02|11|E|type:isle_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}}}

'''Jasiiradda Salisbury''' waxay ku taal gudaheeda [[Port of Durban|Dekedda Durban]] ee ku taal xeebta bari ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]; waa [[former island|jasiirad hore]] ilaa laga gaaray [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka]] markaas oo dhismaha [[Naval Base Durban|saldhigga ciidanka badda]] uu ku xiray dhul-weynaha si loogu maro [[causeway|waddo badda dhex marta]]. Jasiiradda, oo xilligaas ahayd meel bacaad ah oo ay ku yaallaan geedaha [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka), waxaa loogu magac daray {{HMS|Salisbury}}, oo ahayd markabkii [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] ee sahmiyay aagga dekedda mustaqbalka ee gumeysigii cusbaa ee Port Natal Colony 1820-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka iyo ka dib==
[[Naval Base Durban|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Durban]] waxaa loo dhisay Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka si looga jawaabo hanjabaadda weerarada Jabaan ee ka dhanka ah maraakiibta ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Afrika. Waxay ahayd intii lagu guda jiray dhismahan markii jasiiraddu ay isu beddeshay jasiirad-gacmeed iyadoo loo marayo dhismaha waddo badda dhex marta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wessels|first1=Andre|title=South Africa and the War against Japan 1941-1945|journal=Military History Journal|date=June 1996|volume=10|issue=3|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol103aw.html|publisher=The South African Military History Society|issn=0026-4016 |oclc=2512522}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalka ka dib, saldhigga waxaa loo wareejiyay [[South African Naval Service|Adeegga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SANS), kaas oo tan iyo xilligaas hayey joogitaan isbedbeddela oo goos-goos ah.

Markii la saxiixay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] ee 1957, [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] wuxuu ka tanaasulay maamulkii SANS isagoo ku beddeshay isticmaalka [[Naval Base Simon's Town|saldhigga ku yaal Simon's Town]]. SANS wuxuu noqday [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SAN) iyadoo Salisbury Island ay noqotay saldhiggooda ugu weyn. Markii uu dhammaaday heshiiskii Simonstown, SAN waxay u wareejisay inta badan hawlgaladeeda Simon's Town, Durban-na waxay noqotay xarun labaad.

==Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida==
Sanadkii 1961, Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida (University College for Indians) ayaa laga aasaasay Salisbury Island. Waxaa la xiray 1971, markaas oo lagu beddelay [[University of Durban-Westville|Jaamacadda Durban-Westville]]. Nidaamkii [[apartheid|midab-takoorka]] ee ka jiray Koonfur Afrika, kooxaha dadka ee kala duwan waxay qasab ku ahayd inay lahaadaan tas-hiilaad kala gooni ah. Kuliyaddu waxay ahayd hay'addii ugu horreysay ee tacliinta sare ee si buuxda u qalabaysan oo loogu talagalay [[Indian South Africans|Koonfur Afrikaanka asalkoodu yahay Hindi]]. Ardaydu waxay u safri jireen kuliyadda iyagoo isticmaalaya doon feri ah ama waxay degenaayeen hoyga ardayda (hostels) ee ku yaal jasiiradda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Vahed|first=Goolam|title=The formal education journey of Cassim Dangor, 1963-1985: Reflections on education challenges in apartheid South Africa|journal=Historia|date=January 2014|volume=59|issue=1|url=http://ref.scielo.org/sjnzdb|publisher=Historical Association of South Africa|location=Pretoria|oclc=731736224}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://ref.scielo.org/29psyw |title=Remembering &quot;Salisbury Island&quot;|first=Devarakshanam |last= Govinden|journal=Yesterday and Today |publisher=South African Society for History Teaching |issn=2223-0386 |oclc=840012622 |number=6 |date=December 2011 |pages=53–62|place=Vanderbijlpark}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ardayda caanka ah ee ka qalin-jabisay kuliyadda waxaa ka mid ah [[Pravin Gordhan]], oo ahaa golihii hore ee [[Minister of Finance (South Africa)|Wasiirka Maaliyadda]], [[Roy Padayachie]], golihii hore ee [[Minister of Public Service and Administration (South Africa)|Wasiirka Adeegga Dadweynaha iyo Maamulka]], iyo qoraaga ahna agaasimaha matxafka [[Sarat Maharaj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mar kale sidii saldhig ciidan badda==
Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii 1970-yadii ilaa bilowgii 1990-yadii, waxay ahayd saldhigga hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta dagaalka ee [[Warrior class strike craft|Minister class strike craft]]. Xitaa ka dib xiritaankii kuliyadda, jasiiraddu waxay sii haysay xiriirka ay la leedahay bulshada Hindida qaabka {{SAS|Jalsena}} oo ahayd xarunta weyn ee tababarka badmaaxiinta Koonfur Afrikaanka ah ee Hindida ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markii hawlgab laga dhigay maraakiibta gantaalaha qaada, dhammaan maraakiibta dagaalka ee ciidanka badda waxaa laga dhigay saldhigga Naval Base Simon's Town, saldhiggii Durban-na waxaa loo dhimay [[Naval Station Durban|steshinka ciidanka badda]] sanadkii 2002. Qaar ka mid ah tas-hiilaadka saldhigga waxaa markaas la wareegay ciidanka dhulka si uu u noqdo saldhig guud oo taageero ah. Sanadkii 2012, go'aan lagu salaynayo guutada maraakiibta ilaalada badweynta ([[offshore patrol vessel]]) ee ciidanka badda gudaha Durban ayaa horseeday barnaamij dib-u-habayn si loo soo celiyo xarunta dib loona gaarsiiyo maqaam buuxa oo saldhig ciidanka badda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=23908:navy-may-upgrade-naval-station-durban-&amp;catid=108:maritime-security&amp;Itemid=233 |first1=Leon |last1=Engelbrecht |date=27 February 2012 |title=Navy may upgrade Naval Station Durban|publisher=DefenceWeb.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii December 2015, waxaa dib loogu magac daray saldhig ciidanka badda ah oo ah dekedda hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta ilaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Kim |last=Helfrich |url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=41760:minister-says-its-naval-base-durban-not-station&amp;catid=111:sa-defence&amp;Itemid=242 |title=Minister says it's Naval Base Durban, not Station |publisher=defenceWeb |date=2015-12-09 |accessdate=2015-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>298984</id>
      <parentid>298983</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T14:54:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida */</comment>
      <origin>298984</origin>
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      <text bytes="6893" sha1="hhi5rg794zozmz5q9rgiv3bbztxq5pu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands|name=Salisbury Island|mapframe-zoom=12|pushpin_map=|country=South Africa|location=[[Durban Harbour]], [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]|coordinates={{coord|29|53|01|S|31|02|11|E|type:isle_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}}}

'''Jasiiradda Salisbury''' waxay ku taal gudaheeda [[Port of Durban|Dekedda Durban]] ee ku taal xeebta bari ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]; waa [[former island|jasiirad hore]] ilaa laga gaaray [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka]] markaas oo dhismaha [[Naval Base Durban|saldhigga ciidanka badda]] uu ku xiray dhul-weynaha si loogu maro [[causeway|waddo badda dhex marta]]. Jasiiradda, oo xilligaas ahayd meel bacaad ah oo ay ku yaallaan geedaha [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka), waxaa loogu magac daray {{HMS|Salisbury}}, oo ahayd markabkii [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] ee sahmiyay aagga dekedda mustaqbalka ee gumeysigii cusbaa ee Port Natal Colony 1820-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka iyo ka dib==
[[Naval Base Durban|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Durban]] waxaa loo dhisay Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka si looga jawaabo hanjabaadda weerarada Jabaan ee ka dhanka ah maraakiibta ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Afrika. Waxay ahayd intii lagu guda jiray dhismahan markii jasiiraddu ay isu beddeshay jasiirad-gacmeed iyadoo loo marayo dhismaha waddo badda dhex marta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wessels|first1=Andre|title=South Africa and the War against Japan 1941-1945|journal=Military History Journal|date=June 1996|volume=10|issue=3|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol103aw.html|publisher=The South African Military History Society|issn=0026-4016 |oclc=2512522}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalka ka dib, saldhigga waxaa loo wareejiyay [[South African Naval Service|Adeegga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SANS), kaas oo tan iyo xilligaas hayey joogitaan isbedbeddela oo goos-goos ah.

Markii la saxiixay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] ee 1957, [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] wuxuu ka tanaasulay maamulkii SANS isagoo ku beddeshay isticmaalka [[Naval Base Simon's Town|saldhigga ku yaal Simon's Town]]. SANS wuxuu noqday [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SAN) iyadoo Salisbury Island ay noqotay saldhiggooda ugu weyn. Markii uu dhammaaday heshiiskii Simonstown, SAN waxay u wareejisay inta badan hawlgaladeeda Simon's Town, Durban-na waxay noqotay xarun labaad.

==Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida==
Sanadkii 1961, Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida ayaa laga aasaasay Salisbury Island. Waxaa la xiray 1971, markaas oo lagu beddelay Jaamacadda Durban-Westville Nidaamkii midab-takoorka ee ka jiray Koonfur Afrika, kooxaha dadka ee kala duwan waxay qasab ku ahayd inay lahaadaan tas-hiilaad kala gooni ah. Kuliyaddu waxay ahayd hay'addii ugu horreysay ee tacliinta sare ee si buuxda u qalabaysan oo loogu talagalay Koonfur Afrikaanka asalkoodu yahay Hindi. Ardaydu waxay u safri jireen kuliyadda iyagoo isticmaalaya doon feri ah ama waxay degenaayeen hoyga ardayda ee ku yaal jasiiradda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Vahed|first=Goolam|title=The formal education journey of Cassim Dangor, 1963-1985: Reflections on education challenges in apartheid South Africa|journal=Historia|date=January 2014|volume=59|issue=1|url=http://ref.scielo.org/sjnzdb|publisher=Historical Association of South Africa|location=Pretoria|oclc=731736224}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://ref.scielo.org/29psyw |title=Remembering &quot;Salisbury Island&quot;|first=Devarakshanam |last= Govinden|journal=Yesterday and Today |publisher=South African Society for History Teaching |issn=2223-0386 |oclc=840012622 |number=6 |date=December 2011 |pages=53–62|place=Vanderbijlpark}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ardayda caanka ah ee ka qalin-jabisay kuliyadda waxaa ka mid ah [[Pravin Gordhan]], oo ahaa golihii hore ee [[Minister of Finance (South Africa)|Wasiirka Maaliyadda]], [[Roy Padayachie]], golihii hore ee [[Minister of Public Service and Administration (South Africa)|Wasiirka Adeegga Dadweynaha iyo Maamulka]], iyo qoraaga ahna agaasimaha matxafka [[Sarat Maharaj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mar kale sidii saldhig ciidan badda==
Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii 1970-yadii ilaa bilowgii 1990-yadii, waxay ahayd saldhigga hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta dagaalka ee [[Warrior class strike craft|Minister class strike craft]]. Xitaa ka dib xiritaankii kuliyadda, jasiiraddu waxay sii haysay xiriirka ay la leedahay bulshada Hindida qaabka {{SAS|Jalsena}} oo ahayd xarunta weyn ee tababarka badmaaxiinta Koonfur Afrikaanka ah ee Hindida ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markii hawlgab laga dhigay maraakiibta gantaalaha qaada, dhammaan maraakiibta dagaalka ee ciidanka badda waxaa laga dhigay saldhigga Naval Base Simon's Town, saldhiggii Durban-na waxaa loo dhimay [[Naval Station Durban|steshinka ciidanka badda]] sanadkii 2002. Qaar ka mid ah tas-hiilaadka saldhigga waxaa markaas la wareegay ciidanka dhulka si uu u noqdo saldhig guud oo taageero ah. Sanadkii 2012, go'aan lagu salaynayo guutada maraakiibta ilaalada badweynta ([[offshore patrol vessel]]) ee ciidanka badda gudaha Durban ayaa horseeday barnaamij dib-u-habayn si loo soo celiyo xarunta dib loona gaarsiiyo maqaam buuxa oo saldhig ciidanka badda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=23908:navy-may-upgrade-naval-station-durban-&amp;catid=108:maritime-security&amp;Itemid=233 |first1=Leon |last1=Engelbrecht |date=27 February 2012 |title=Navy may upgrade Naval Station Durban|publisher=DefenceWeb.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii December 2015, waxaa dib loogu magac daray saldhig ciidanka badda ah oo ah dekedda hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta ilaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Kim |last=Helfrich |url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=41760:minister-says-its-naval-base-durban-not-station&amp;catid=111:sa-defence&amp;Itemid=242 |title=Minister says it's Naval Base Durban, not Station |publisher=defenceWeb |date=2015-12-09 |accessdate=2015-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
      <sha1>hhi5rg794zozmz5q9rgiv3bbztxq5pu</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>298985</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="6791" sha1="h5uh97wd9066qtia3jw2029znx3i21a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands|name=Salisbury Island|mapframe-zoom=12|pushpin_map=|country=South Africa|location=[[Durban Harbour]], [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]|coordinates={{coord|29|53|01|S|31|02|11|E|type:isle_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}}}

'''Jasiiradda Salisbury''' waxay ku taal gudaheeda [[Port of Durban|Dekedda Durban]] ee ku taal xeebta bari ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]; waa [[former island|jasiirad hore]] ilaa laga gaaray [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka]] markaas oo dhismaha [[Naval Base Durban|saldhigga ciidanka badda]] uu ku xiray dhul-weynaha si loogu maro [[causeway|waddo badda dhex marta]]. Jasiiradda, oo xilligaas ahayd meel bacaad ah oo ay ku yaallaan geedaha [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka), waxaa loogu magac daray {{HMS|Salisbury}}, oo ahayd markabkii [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] ee sahmiyay aagga dekedda mustaqbalka ee gumeysigii cusbaa ee Port Natal Colony 1820-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka iyo ka dib==
[[Naval Base Durban|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Durban]] waxaa loo dhisay Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka si looga jawaabo hanjabaadda weerarada Jabaan ee ka dhanka ah maraakiibta ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Afrika. Waxay ahayd intii lagu guda jiray dhismahan markii jasiiraddu ay isu beddeshay jasiirad-gacmeed iyadoo loo marayo dhismaha waddo badda dhex marta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wessels|first1=Andre|title=South Africa and the War against Japan 1941-1945|journal=Military History Journal|date=June 1996|volume=10|issue=3|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol103aw.html|publisher=The South African Military History Society|issn=0026-4016 |oclc=2512522}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalka ka dib, saldhigga waxaa loo wareejiyay [[South African Naval Service|Adeegga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SANS), kaas oo tan iyo xilligaas hayey joogitaan isbedbeddela oo goos-goos ah.

Markii la saxiixay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] ee 1957, [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] wuxuu ka tanaasulay maamulkii SANS isagoo ku beddeshay isticmaalka [[Naval Base Simon's Town|saldhigga ku yaal Simon's Town]]. SANS wuxuu noqday [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SAN) iyadoo Salisbury Island ay noqotay saldhiggooda ugu weyn. Markii uu dhammaaday heshiiskii Simonstown, SAN waxay u wareejisay inta badan hawlgaladeeda Simon's Town, Durban-na waxay noqotay xarun labaad.

==Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida==
Sanadkii 1961, Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida ayaa laga aasaasay Salisbury Island. Waxaa la xiray 1971, markaas oo lagu beddelay Jaamacadda Durban-Westville Nidaamkii midab-takoorka ee ka jiray Koonfur Afrika, kooxaha dadka ee kala duwan waxay qasab ku ahayd inay lahaadaan tas-hiilaad kala gooni ah. Kuliyaddu waxay ahayd hay'addii ugu horreysay ee tacliinta sare ee si buuxda u qalabaysan oo loogu talagalay Koonfur Afrikaanka asalkoodu yahay Hindi. Ardaydu waxay u safri jireen kuliyadda iyagoo isticmaalaya doon feri ah ama waxay degenaayeen hoyga ardayda ee ku yaal jasiiradda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Vahed|first=Goolam|title=The formal education journey of Cassim Dangor, 1963-1985: Reflections on education challenges in apartheid South Africa|journal=Historia|date=January 2014|volume=59|issue=1|url=http://ref.scielo.org/sjnzdb|publisher=Historical Association of South Africa|location=Pretoria|oclc=731736224}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://ref.scielo.org/29psyw |title=Remembering &quot;Salisbury Island&quot;|first=Devarakshanam |last= Govinden|journal=Yesterday and Today |publisher=South African Society for History Teaching |issn=2223-0386 |oclc=840012622 |number=6 |date=December 2011 |pages=53–62|place=Vanderbijlpark}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ardayda caanka ah ee ka qalin-jabisay kuliyadda waxaa ka mid ah [[Pravin Gordhan]], oo ahaa golihii hore ee Wasiirka Maaliyadda, [[Roy Padayachie]], golihii hore ee Wasiirka Adeegga Dadweynaha iyo Maamulka]], iyo qoraaga ahna agaasimaha matxafka [[Sarat Maharaj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mar kale sidii saldhig ciidan badda==
Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii 1970-yadii ilaa bilowgii 1990-yadii, waxay ahayd saldhigga hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta dagaalka ee [[Warrior class strike craft|Minister class strike craft]]. Xitaa ka dib xiritaankii kuliyadda, jasiiraddu waxay sii haysay xiriirka ay la leedahay bulshada Hindida qaabka {{SAS|Jalsena}} oo ahayd xarunta weyn ee tababarka badmaaxiinta Koonfur Afrikaanka ah ee Hindida ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markii hawlgab laga dhigay maraakiibta gantaalaha qaada, dhammaan maraakiibta dagaalka ee ciidanka badda waxaa laga dhigay saldhigga Naval Base Simon's Town, saldhiggii Durban-na waxaa loo dhimay [[Naval Station Durban|steshinka ciidanka badda]] sanadkii 2002. Qaar ka mid ah tas-hiilaadka saldhigga waxaa markaas la wareegay ciidanka dhulka si uu u noqdo saldhig guud oo taageero ah. Sanadkii 2012, go'aan lagu salaynayo guutada maraakiibta ilaalada badweynta ([[offshore patrol vessel]]) ee ciidanka badda gudaha Durban ayaa horseeday barnaamij dib-u-habayn si loo soo celiyo xarunta dib loona gaarsiiyo maqaam buuxa oo saldhig ciidanka badda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=23908:navy-may-upgrade-naval-station-durban-&amp;catid=108:maritime-security&amp;Itemid=233 |first1=Leon |last1=Engelbrecht |date=27 February 2012 |title=Navy may upgrade Naval Station Durban|publisher=DefenceWeb.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii December 2015, waxaa dib loogu magac daray saldhig ciidanka badda ah oo ah dekedda hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta ilaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Kim |last=Helfrich |url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=41760:minister-says-its-naval-base-durban-not-station&amp;catid=111:sa-defence&amp;Itemid=242 |title=Minister says it's Naval Base Durban, not Station |publisher=defenceWeb |date=2015-12-09 |accessdate=2015-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
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      <text bytes="6790" sha1="6hrlzufmyzol6xe4weenw3o8p1hfskp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands|name=Salisbury Island|mapframe-zoom=12|pushpin_map=|country=South Africa|location=[[Durban Harbour]], [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]|coordinates={{coord|29|53|01|S|31|02|11|E|type:isle_region:ZA|display=inline,title}}}}

'''Jasiiradda Salisbury''' waxay ku taal gudaheeda [[Port of Durban|Dekedda Durban]] ee ku taal xeebta bari ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]; waa [[former island|jasiirad hore]] ilaa laga gaaray [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka]] markaas oo dhismaha [[Naval Base Durban|saldhigga ciidanka badda]] uu ku xiray dhul-weynaha si loogu maro [[causeway|waddo badda dhex marta]]. Jasiiradda, oo xilligaas ahayd meel bacaad ah oo ay ku yaallaan geedaha [[mangrove|mungrove-ka]] (geed baddoodka), waxaa loogu magac daray {{HMS|Salisbury}}, oo ahayd markabkii [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] ee sahmiyay aagga dekedda mustaqbalka ee gumeysigii cusbaa ee Port Natal Colony 1820-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka iyo ka dib==
[[Naval Base Durban|Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda ee Durban]] waxaa loo dhisay Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Addunka si looga jawaabo hanjabaadda weerarada Jabaan ee ka dhanka ah maraakiibta ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Afrika. Waxay ahayd intii lagu guda jiray dhismahan markii jasiiraddu ay isu beddeshay jasiirad-gacmeed iyadoo loo marayo dhismaha waddo badda dhex marta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Wessels|first1=Andre|title=South Africa and the War against Japan 1941-1945|journal=Military History Journal|date=June 1996|volume=10|issue=3|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol103aw.html|publisher=The South African Military History Society|issn=0026-4016 |oclc=2512522}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalka ka dib, saldhigga waxaa loo wareejiyay [[South African Naval Service|Adeegga Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SANS), kaas oo tan iyo xilligaas hayey joogitaan isbedbeddela oo goos-goos ah.

Markii la saxiixay heshiiskii [[Simonstown Agreement]] ee 1957, [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda Boortaqiiska ee Ingiriiska]] wuxuu ka tanaasulay maamulkii SANS isagoo ku beddeshay isticmaalka [[Naval Base Simon's Town|saldhigga ku yaal Simon's Town]]. SANS wuxuu noqday [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Koonfur Afrika]] (SAN) iyadoo Salisbury Island ay noqotay saldhiggooda ugu weyn. Markii uu dhammaaday heshiiskii Simonstown, SAN waxay u wareejisay inta badan hawlgaladeeda Simon's Town, Durban-na waxay noqotay xarun labaad.

==Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida==
Sanadkii 1961, Kuliyadda Jaamacadda ee Hindida ayaa laga aasaasay Salisbury Island. Waxaa la xiray 1971, markaas oo lagu beddelay Jaamacadda Durban-Westville Nidaamkii midab-takoorka ee ka jiray Koonfur Afrika, kooxaha dadka ee kala duwan waxay qasab ku ahayd inay lahaadaan tas-hiilaad kala gooni ah. Kuliyaddu waxay ahayd hay'addii ugu horreysay ee tacliinta sare ee si buuxda u qalabaysan oo loogu talagalay Koonfur Afrikaanka asalkoodu yahay Hindi. Ardaydu waxay u safri jireen kuliyadda iyagoo isticmaalaya doon feri ah ama waxay degenaayeen hoyga ardayda ee ku yaal jasiiradda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Vahed|first=Goolam|title=The formal education journey of Cassim Dangor, 1963-1985: Reflections on education challenges in apartheid South Africa|journal=Historia|date=January 2014|volume=59|issue=1|url=http://ref.scielo.org/sjnzdb|publisher=Historical Association of South Africa|location=Pretoria|oclc=731736224}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://ref.scielo.org/29psyw |title=Remembering &quot;Salisbury Island&quot;|first=Devarakshanam |last= Govinden|journal=Yesterday and Today |publisher=South African Society for History Teaching |issn=2223-0386 |oclc=840012622 |number=6 |date=December 2011 |pages=53–62|place=Vanderbijlpark}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ardayda caanka ah ee ka qalin-jabisay kuliyadda waxaa ka mid ah [[Pravin Gordhan]], oo ahaa golihii hore ee Wasiirka Maaliyadda, [[Roy Padayachie]], golihii hore ee Wasiirka Adeegga Dadweynaha iyo Maamulka]], iyo qoraaga ahna agaasimaha matxafka [[Sarat Maharaj]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mar kale sidii saldhig ciidan badda==
Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii 1970-yadii ilaa bilowgii 1990-yadii, waxay ahayd saldhigga hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta dagaalka ee [[Warrior class strike craft|Minister class strike craft]]. Xitaa ka dib xiritaankii kuliyadda, jasiiraddu waxay sii haysay xiriirka ay la leedahay bulshada Hindida qaabka {{SAS|Jalsena}} oo ahayd xarunta weyn ee tababarka badmaaxiinta Koonfur Afrikaanka ah ee Hindida ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/rekindling-salisbury-island-pride-1.1502327#.VC_kAM8cTIV|title=Rekindling Salisbury Island pride |date=18 April 2013 |first=Nosipho |last=Mngoma |work=Daily News |publisher=Independent Newspapers |accessdate=4 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markii hawlgab laga dhigay maraakiibta gantaalaha qaada, dhammaan maraakiibta dagaalka ee ciidanka badda waxaa laga dhigay saldhigga Naval Base Simon's Town, saldhiggii Durban-na waxaa loo dhimay [[Naval Station Durban|steshinka ciidanka badda]] sanadkii 2002. Qaar ka mid ah tas-hiilaadka saldhigga waxaa markaas la wareegay ciidanka dhulka si uu u noqdo saldhig guud oo taageero ah. Sanadkii 2012, go'aan lagu salaynayo guutada maraakiibta ilaalada badweynta (markab roondo oo badda ah) ee ciidanka badda gudaha Durban ayaa horseeday barnaamij dib-u-habayn si loo soo celiyo xarunta dib loona gaarsiiyo maqaam buuxa oo saldhig ciidanka badda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=23908:navy-may-upgrade-naval-station-durban-&amp;catid=108:maritime-security&amp;Itemid=233 |first1=Leon |last1=Engelbrecht |date=27 February 2012 |title=Navy may upgrade Naval Station Durban|publisher=DefenceWeb.co.za|accessdate=2 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii December 2015, waxaa dib loogu magac daray saldhig ciidanka badda ah oo ah dekedda hooyga ee guutada maraakiibta ilaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Kim |last=Helfrich |url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=41760:minister-says-its-naval-base-durban-not-station&amp;catid=111:sa-defence&amp;Itemid=242 |title=Minister says it's Naval Base Durban, not Station |publisher=defenceWeb |date=2015-12-09 |accessdate=2015-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
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  <page>
    <title>Kalk Bay</title>
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      <text bytes="21164" sha1="4ij91h73n5on783tzbe8s9a9ic040yh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Kalk Bay
| native_name        = ''Kalkbaai''
| image_skyline      = Kalkbaai.JPG
| image_caption      = Kalk Bay oo laga arkayo dhabbada tareenka
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|07|40|S|18|26|54|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Waddan]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Koonfur Afrika]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Gobollada Koonfur Afrika|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Western Cape]]
| subdivision_type2  = Degmo
| subdivision_type3  = [[Liiska degmooyinka Koonfur Afrika|Degmo Doorasho]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Goobta Koowaad
| subdivision_name4  = [[Cape Town]]
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| leader_title       = Xildhibaan
| leader_name        = Aimee Kuhl ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |title=Sub Place Kalk Bay |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2019-03-22 |archive-date=2019-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711134841/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 0.32
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 700
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka qowmiyadeed (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Dadka Bantuuga ee Koonfur Afrika|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 8.1%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]]
| demographics1_info2 = 32.3%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Aasiyaanka Koonfur Afrika|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 0.1%
| demographics1_title4 = [[Caddanka Koonfur Afrika|Caddan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 54.6%
| demographics1_title5 = Kale
| demographics1_info5 = 4.9%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[Luqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriis]]
| demographics2_info1 = 86.2%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Af-Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 10.3%
| demographics2_title3 = 
| demographics2_info3 = 
| demographics2_title4 = 
| demographics2_info4 = 
| demographics2_title5 = Kale
| demographics2_info5 = 3.5%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[Waqtiga Halbeega ee Koonfur Afrika|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Liiska nambarrada boostada ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka boostada]] (waddada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Sanduuqa boostada|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7990
| area_code_type     = [[Nambarrada taleefanka ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka aagga]]
}}
'''Kalk Bay''' ({{landx|af|: ''Kalkbaai}}'') waa [[tuulo kalluumeysi]] iyo xafo ka tirsan [[Cape Town]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee False Bay. Inta badan magaalada waxay ku taal daldaloolada buuraha ee xiga badda. Buurahan, oo leh meelo sare oo ah [[Dhagax Bacaadka ee Buurta Shaxda]], waxay sameeyaan dhowr dooxadood.&lt;ref name=&quot;compton&quot;&gt;Compton, J.S. (2004).''The Rocks and Mountains of Cape Town''. p. 24-26, 44-70. Double Storey Books, Cape Town. {{ISBN|1-919930-70-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gadiidka tareenka ee Koonfur Afrika|Dhabbada tareenka]] ee ka timaada [[Cape Town]] kuna socota [[Simon's Town]] waxay martaa Kalk Bay, taas oo leh hal saldhig oo u dhow dekedda.

Kalk Bay waxay ku dhowdahay xafada taariikhda la xiriirta ee [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], iyadoo qaybinta u dhaxeysa labada ay tahay mid si weyn u rami ah. Waxay wadaagaan Ururka Canshuurbixiyayaasha iyo Dadka Deggan Kalk Bay iyo St. James, kaas oo maamula guddiga hiddaha isla markaana xiriir la sameeya dowladda arrimaha ku saabsan amniga iyo ilaalinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705003756/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2018, majaladda ''[[Forbes]]'' waxay u magacawday xaafaddan mid ka mid ah kuwa &quot;ugu qaboobaha badan dunida&quot;, iyadoo ku tilmaantay &quot;gabaad xeebeed&quot; oo soo jiidanaya wax ka badan bulshada hal-abuurka ee deegaanka.&lt;ref name=ForbesCoolest&gt;{{Cite web|last=Abel|first=Ann|date=22 June 2018|title=The 12 Coolest Neighborhoods Around the World|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613124721/https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-22|title=Kalk Bay named one of the 'coolest places' - Forbes|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=SABC News|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127132143/http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
[[File:Kalk Bay historic postcard.jpg|left|thumb|Kaatun taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan Kalk Bay]]

=== Taariikhda ka hor gumeysiga ===
Taariikhda aagga Kalk Bay waa mid adag in laga saaro taariikhda gobolka weyn ee False Bay. Waxay u dhowdahay in aagga ay degenaayeen dadka [[Khoekhoe]] muddo kumanyaal sano ah ka hor dejinta reer Yurub.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |degree=MA |last=Kirkaldy |first=Alan |date=November 1988 |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |title=&quot;The sea is in our blood&quot; - community and craft in Kalk Bay |publisher=University of Cape Town |access-date=2023-09-11 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321003840/https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaritaan lagu sameeyay lafaha laga helay gobolka xeebta ayaa muujiyay in dhererka dadkan taariikhda ka hor uu ku jiray qiyaasta dadka casriga ah ee [[Khoisan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilson1990&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |last=Wilson |first=M. |date=1990 |title=Strandlovers and Shell Middens |publisher=University of Cape Town |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/11427/22956/1/thesis_hum_Wilson_1990.pdf |location=Available at UCT Digital Collections}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Turaas]] laga helay boholaha hoose ee buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay ayaa muujinaya in goobahan loo isticmaali jiray gabaad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timeline – Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123151/http://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo caddaymaha qadiimiga ah ayaa weli sii muuqanaya sababo la xiriira dhaqdhaqaaqa xayawaanka ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;EAPrac2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Cape EAPrac Archaeological Survey |date=2021 |title=Archaeological Impact Assessment |url=http://cape-eaprac.co.za/projects/HES651%20Patrys%20Development/G4%20Archaeological%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf |publisher=Professional heritage assessment report}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dejinta reer Yurub iyo ugaarsiga nibiriga ===
Tuulada Kalk Bay waxaa u dhow inay aasastay [[Shirkadda Bariga Hindiya ee Holand]] qarnigii 17-aad. Markii ugu horreysay ee qoraal lagu xuso magaca ''Kalkbaai'' (Bay-da Nuuradda) waxay ahayd badhasaab [[Simon van der Stel]] sannadkii 1687, intii lagu jiray safar saddex toddobaad qaatay oo lagu baarayay laguna khariidaynayay False Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;S2A3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon van der Stel |url=https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2926 |website=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science |access-date=2024-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Simon van der Stel's Day Register |journal=Cape Archives |language=Dutch |volume=11 |pages=481}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaca wuxuu ka yimid ereyada Holandeeska iyo Af-Afrikaans ee tilmaamaya kaydadka qolofta dhuubta ee ay gubeen dadkii hore u degay si ay u soo saaraan [[Nuurad|nuurad]].

Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee kalluumeysatada ahaa waxay u badnaayeen addoomo laga keenay Bengal, Indonesia, iyo Ceylon. Waxay heleen xorriyaddooda sannadkii 1807, markii addoonsiga laga dhigay mid sharci darro ah [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Bulshadan waxay u badneyd Muslim, taas oo horseeday dhismaha [[masaajid]] sannadkii 1846.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hoos u dhaca [[Gumeysiga Cape|Xukunkii Ingiriiska]], ugaarsiga nibiriga wuxuu noqday warshad weyn. Laga bilaabo qiyaastii 1806, wuxuu kiciyay dejinta aagga wuxuuna noqday warshadda saddexaad ee dakhliga ugu badan ka soo xaroodo Cape, ka dib beeraha iyo khamri-samaynta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Riverlodge2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=10 March 2016 |title=Our Famous False Bay Visitors |url=https://www.riverlodge.co.za/blogs/riverlodge-blog/our-famous-false-bay-visitors |website=Riverlodge Backpackers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saldhigyada ugaarsiga nibiriga waxaa laga raray Simon's Town lana geeyay xeebta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo St James ka dib markii dadka deegaanka ay ka cabdeen urta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Michael |date=2016 |title=A history of the houses |url=https://www.stjamesguesthouses.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/STJ-Booklet-Walker-LR.pdf |publisher=St James Guesthouses}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1902, ugaarsigii nibiriga ee Kalk Bay waa uu istaagay sababtoo ah kaydkii nibiriga ayaa yaraaday.&lt;ref name=&quot;CoCT2014_5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 05 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_05_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bulshada Filibiin ===
Dadka waxaa sii kordhiyay imaatinka kalluumeysatada Filibiin. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee deegaanka, imaatinkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu noqon karaa qiyaastii 1839, markii kalluumeysato magaciisa la oron jiray Staggie Fernandez uu ka soo dabaashay markab joogay Simon's Town una soo lugaynaayay Kalk Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herbert2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Herbert |first=Steve |date=28 September 2023 |title=The history of Kalk Bay's Filipino community |url=https://falsebayecho.co.za/news/2023-09-28-the-history-of-kalk-bays-filipino-community/ |website=False Bay Echo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Warbixinno kale waxay sheegayaan in shaqaale markab Filibiin ah oo ku qarqoomay ay degeen Kalk Bay bartamihii 1840-meeyadii. Bulshadu waxay si weyn u korortay 1850-meeyadii markii qaxooti ay ka soo carareen Filibiin si ay uga baxsadaan rabshadihii ka dhanka ahaa Isbaanishka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smile2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=5 April 2019 |title=EARLY KALK BAY SETTLERS HONOURED |url=https://smilefm.co.za/early-kalk-bay-settlers-honoured/ |website=Smile 90.4FM}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulshada Filibiin ee u badneyd [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoolig]] waxaa loo arkaa asalka kala qaybinta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], maadaama kan dambe uu ku yaal kaniisadda Kaatooligga ee keliya ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Horumarinta dhabbada tareenka iyo dekedda ===
[[File:Kalk Bay's Train Line 1883.jpg|left|thumb|Dhabbada tareenka ee Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883]]
Dhabbada tareenka ee Khadka Koonfureed waxaa loo kordhiyay Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883, iyadoo ku xireysa tuulada Cape Town kuna gacan siineysa in kalluunka si hufan loogu qaado magaalada.&lt;ref name=&quot;CoCT2014_9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 09 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_09_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Seeff2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 September 2018 |title=Then and now: Wynberg Railway Station |url=https://www.seeff.com/news/then-and-now-wynberg-railway-station/ |website=Seeff Property Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, imaatinka tareenka wuxuu halis geliyay dhaqankii ahaa in doomaha yar yar ee kalluumeysiga laga bilaabo xeebta. Tani, oo ay weheliso isticmaalka maraakiibta waa weyn ee kalluumeysiga ee False Bay, waxay kordhisay cadaadiska dhismaha deked macmal ah.

Dhismaha dekedda wuxuu bilowday 6-dii Maarso 1913, iyadoo uu kormeerayay injineerka mas'uulka ka ahaa C. Le S. Furlong.&lt;ref name=&quot;IdeaAccel2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=15 April 2025 |title=The Mystery of the Green Starboard Lighthouse at Kalk Bay Harbour |url=https://ideaaccelerator.co.za/the-mystery-of-the-green-starboard-lighthouse-at-kalk-bay-harbour/ |website=Idea Accelerator Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; 7-dii Juun 1913, Wasiirka Tareennada iyo Dekedaha, Henry Burton, ayaa dhigay dhagax-dhigga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Echo2023&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |title=Celebrating 110 years of Kalk Bay Harbour |work=False Bay Echo |date=27 June 2023 |first=Erin |last=Carelse |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526132931/https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mashruuca wuxuu inta badan dhammaaday 1918, wuxuuna dhalay barkad 8-acre ah oo leh gabaad hirarka ka difaaca, marin kalluunka laga soo dejiyo, iyo marin doomaha la mariyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;IdeaAccel2025&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 1937 iyo 1939 waxaa lagu daray [[Dhismaha dekedda ka difaaca hirarka|gabaad labaad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bulletin 1 1997 |url=https://kbha.co.za/BULLETINS/1/mobile/index.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=kbha.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xilligii midab-kala-sooca (Apartheid) ===
[[File:Kalk Bay.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|&quot;Fisherman Flats&quot; oo laga arkayo dekedda, kuwaas oo lagu garto saqafkooda guduudan iyo midabka maariinka ah]]
Sharcigii Aqallada Dumay ee 1934, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaali jiray horumarinta midab-kala-sooca, wuxuu horseeday dumin lagu sameeyay guryo ku yaal aag ka tirsan Kalk Bay oo loo yaqaano Die Land.&lt;ref name=&quot;UP2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2009 |title=Contested modernism: post Slums Act public housing in Cape Town |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/items/5efe35e1-9bcd-4880-9c94-db2bf7355df9 |publisher=Art Historical Work Group of South Africa, University of Pretoria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guryahan waxaa u badnaa dadka [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]] ee kalluumeysatada ahaa. Bulshadu waxay si guul leh ugu dagaalantay in guryo beddel u ah laga dhiso meeshii laga dumiyay, taas oo keentay dhismaha aqallo dabaqyo ah intii u dhaxeysay 1941 iyo 1945, oo loo yaqaano &quot;Fishermen's Flats&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GroundUp2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 June 2018 |title=Using municipal land for bowling greens during a housing crisis is unjust |url=https://groundup.org.za/article/leasing-city-land-bowling-greens-housing-crisis-unjust/ |website=GroundUp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330095658/http://www.kbha.co.za/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1967, Kalk Bay waxaa loogu dhawaaqay &quot;Aag Caddan&quot; iyadoo la raacayo [[Sharciga Aagga Kooxaha]]. Tani waxay keentay dibad-bax weyn iyo isbeddel taariikhda naadir ku ah: bulshada kalluumeysatada ah waxaa loo oggolaaday inay ku haraan dabaqyada, maadaama ay qasab ku ahayd inay u dhowaadaan doomahooda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Destiny2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Manuel |first=Lauren |date=6 March 2023 |title=The Keeper of Fishermen Tales |url=https://www.destinyconnect.com/2023/03/the-keeper-of-fishermen-tales/ |website=Destiny Connect}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkastoo loo qabtay muddo 15 sano ah oo aakhirkii lagu rarayo, haddana marnaba lagama hawlgalin, inta badan dadkiina waa ay hareen. Qiyaastii meel meel afar meelood loo qaybiyay qoysaska ayaa la saaray.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==

[[Image:Kalk Bay 2.JPG|thumb|Dekedda Kalk Bay]]
Warshaddii kalluumeysiga ee taariikhda maamuli jirtay Kalk Bay waxaa inta badan beddelay dalxiiska.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-02 |title=December Newsletter |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133716/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isbeddelkan waxaa kiciyay dhowr meelood oo caan ah oo soo jiidasho leh. Dekedda weli waxay martigelisaa warshad kalluumeysi oo firfircoon; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay sidoo kale noqotay goob dalxiis oo caan ah. Waxay leedahay dhowr maqaayado cuntooyinka badda ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Getaway |date=2021-06-30 |title=Kalk Bay: The Happy Harbour |url=https://www.getaway.co.za/destinations/western-cape/kalk-bay-the-happy-harbour/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Getaway Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo suuq kalluun oo cusub. Waxay sidoo kale caan ku tahay dadkeeda [[Libaax baddoodka maariinka ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Master |first=Web |date=2021-12-27 |title=Kalk Bay Seal Finally Off the Hook, Freed from Pain • Cape of Good Hope SPCA |url=https://capespca.co.za/wildlife-news/kalk-bay-seal-finally-off-the-hook-freed-from-pain/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Cape of Good Hope SPCA |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalk Bay waxay leedahay meel dhagaxley ah oo caan ku ah ruxitaanka hirarka loona yaqaano &quot;Kalk Bay Reef&quot;. Waxay caan ku tahay hirarka waa weyn ee xidhan iyo dhagaxleyda gacanyada ah ee la xiriirta, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka halis badan inta badan goobaha caanka ah ee loo dalxiis tago hirarka dushooda. Waxaa ugu fiican in lagu dhex dabaasho hirar waa weyn oo ka imanaya koonfur-bari ama dabayl ka timaada waqooyi-galbeed. Hirarka yaryar, marka ay bbadu guranto waxay sameysaa hirar xidhan oo fiican. Hirarka inta badan waxay u fiican yihiin dhex dabaalashada xilliga qaboobaha iyo bilowga guga.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Dhaqdhaqaaqa kale ee caanka ah waa daawashada nibiriga, maadaama [[Nibiriga saxda ah ee koonfureed]] uu soo maro False Bay dhowr bilood oo sannadka ka mid ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay waxay leeyihiin dhowr dhabbo oo loo lugeeyo, oo ay ku jiraan Echo Valley iyo Trappieskop (Af-Afrikaans oo u taagan 'buurta tillaabooyinka'). Kuwaas waxaa laga geli karaa Boyes Drive, oo dhex marta buurta ka sarreysa Kalk Bay. Buuruhu waxay leeyihiin wax ka badan siddeetan godood, oo ku kala duwan dhibka ay leeyihiin.&lt;ref name=&quot;CU1984&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=1984 |title=Caves Of The Cape Peninsula |url=https://cucc.survex.com/jnl/1984/cape.htm |publisher=Cambridge Underground Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhabbooyinka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in laga galo godadka dhagax bacaadka ah ee loo yaqaano &quot;Boomslang Cave&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Subseries G10 - Avernas, Boomslang, White Dome Grotto, Wessels Grotto |url=https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=AtoM@UCT |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133723/https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo &quot;Ronan's Well&quot;, taas oo leh marin ka badan 400 oo mitir.&lt;ref name=&quot;CU1984&quot;/&gt; Kuwaas waxaa caan ku ah dadka hiwaayadda u leh galitaanka godadka sababo la xiriira sahlanaanta gelidooda, amnigooda, iyo qaabdhismeedkooda sahlan.

Godadkan waxay muhiimad u leeyihiin aqoonyahannada baara godadka sababtoo ah waxay ku sameysmeen dhagax bacaad. Nidaamyada godadka waa weyn inta badan lagama helo noocan oo kale ah dhagaxaan aan kiimiko ahaan falgalin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sharratt |first1=Norma J. |last2=Picker |first2=Mike D. |last3=Samways |first3=Michael J. |year=2000 |title=The invertebrate fauna of the sandstone caves of the Cape Peninsula (South Africa): Patterns of endemism and conservation priorities |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=107–143 |doi=10.1023/A:1008968518058 |s2cid=28508022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Astaan-gacmeedka (Coat of arms) ==
Kalk Bay (oo ay ku jiraan [[Muizenberg]] iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]]) waxay ahayd degmo magaalada ah bilowgii 1895 ilaa 1913. Golaha magaalada wuxuu qaatay astaan-gacmeed, oo uu naqshadeeyay Frank Newnes, bishii Luulyo 1901.&lt;ref name=&quot;wca&quot;&gt;Western Cape Archives : Kalk Bay Municipal Minutes (23 July 1901).&lt;/ref&gt;

Gaashaanka wuxuu u qaybsanaa si jiif ah. Qaybta sare waxay u qaybsantay si toos ah, iyadoo muujinaysa doon kalluumeysi (oo qayb ahaan uu qariyay gaashaan yar) iyo siddeed fleurs de lis, halka qaybta hoose ay muujinaysay [[raascanab canab ah]]. Gaashaan yar oo muujinaya ubaxa arum lily ayaa la dhigay bartamaha.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Dekedaha iyo gabaadyada Koonfur Afrika]]

== Tixraacyada ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirin dheeraad ah ==
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      <text bytes="21158" sha1="9wglsm73lh3ulnexlkt2422h3oay6bc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Kalk Bay
| native_name        = ''Kalkbaai''
| image_skyline      = Kalkbaai.JPG
| image_caption      = Kalk Bay oo laga arkayo dhabbada tareenka
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|07|40|S|18|26|54|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Waddan]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Koonfur Afrika]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Gobollada Koonfur Afrika|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Western Cape]]
| subdivision_type2  = Degmo
| subdivision_type3  = [[Liiska degmooyinka Koonfur Afrika|Degmo Doorasho]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Goobta Koowaad
| subdivision_name4  = [[Cape Town]]
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| leader_title       = Xildhibaan
| leader_name        = Aimee Kuhl ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |title=Sub Place Kalk Bay |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2019-03-22 |archive-date=2019-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711134841/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 0.32
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 700
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka qowmiyadeed (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Dadka Bantuuga ee Koonfur Afrika|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 8.1%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]]
| demographics1_info2 = 32.3%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Aasiyaanka Koonfur Afrika|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 0.1%
| demographics1_title4 = [[Caddanka Koonfur Afrika|Caddan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 54.6%
| demographics1_title5 = Kale
| demographics1_info5 = 4.9%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[Luqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriis]]
| demographics2_info1 = 86.2%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Af-Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 10.3%
| demographics2_title3 = 
| demographics2_info3 = 
| demographics2_title4 = 
| demographics2_info4 = 
| demographics2_title5 = Kale
| demographics2_info5 = 3.5%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[Waqtiga Halbeega ee Koonfur Afrika|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Liiska nambarrada boostada ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka boostada]] (waddada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Sanduuqa boostada|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7990
| area_code_type     = [[Nambarrada taleefanka ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka aagga]]
}}
'''Kalk Bay''' ({{langx|af|Kalkbaai}}) waa [[tuulo kalluumeysi]] iyo xafo ka tirsan [[Cape Town]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee False Bay. Inta badan magaalada waxay ku taal daldaloolada buuraha ee xiga badda. Buurahan, oo leh meelo sare oo ah [[Dhagax Bacaadka ee Buurta Shaxda]], waxay sameeyaan dhowr dooxadood.&lt;ref name=&quot;compton&quot;&gt;Compton, J.S. (2004).''The Rocks and Mountains of Cape Town''. p. 24-26, 44-70. Double Storey Books, Cape Town. {{ISBN|1-919930-70-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gadiidka tareenka ee Koonfur Afrika|Dhabbada tareenka]] ee ka timaada [[Cape Town]] kuna socota [[Simon's Town]] waxay martaa Kalk Bay, taas oo leh hal saldhig oo u dhow dekedda.

Kalk Bay waxay ku dhowdahay xafada taariikhda la xiriirta ee [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], iyadoo qaybinta u dhaxeysa labada ay tahay mid si weyn u rami ah. Waxay wadaagaan Ururka Canshuurbixiyayaasha iyo Dadka Deggan Kalk Bay iyo St. James, kaas oo maamula guddiga hiddaha isla markaana xiriir la sameeya dowladda arrimaha ku saabsan amniga iyo ilaalinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705003756/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2018, majaladda ''[[Forbes]]'' waxay u magacawday xaafaddan mid ka mid ah kuwa &quot;ugu qaboobaha badan dunida&quot;, iyadoo ku tilmaantay &quot;gabaad xeebeed&quot; oo soo jiidanaya wax ka badan bulshada hal-abuurka ee deegaanka.&lt;ref name=ForbesCoolest&gt;{{Cite web|last=Abel|first=Ann|date=22 June 2018|title=The 12 Coolest Neighborhoods Around the World|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613124721/https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-22|title=Kalk Bay named one of the 'coolest places' - Forbes|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=SABC News|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127132143/http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
[[File:Kalk Bay historic postcard.jpg|left|thumb|Kaatun taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan Kalk Bay]]

=== Taariikhda ka hor gumeysiga ===
Taariikhda aagga Kalk Bay waa mid adag in laga saaro taariikhda gobolka weyn ee False Bay. Waxay u dhowdahay in aagga ay degenaayeen dadka [[Khoekhoe]] muddo kumanyaal sano ah ka hor dejinta reer Yurub.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |degree=MA |last=Kirkaldy |first=Alan |date=November 1988 |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |title=&quot;The sea is in our blood&quot; - community and craft in Kalk Bay |publisher=University of Cape Town |access-date=2023-09-11 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321003840/https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaritaan lagu sameeyay lafaha laga helay gobolka xeebta ayaa muujiyay in dhererka dadkan taariikhda ka hor uu ku jiray qiyaasta dadka casriga ah ee [[Khoisan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilson1990&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |last=Wilson |first=M. |date=1990 |title=Strandlovers and Shell Middens |publisher=University of Cape Town |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/11427/22956/1/thesis_hum_Wilson_1990.pdf |location=Available at UCT Digital Collections}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Turaas]] laga helay boholaha hoose ee buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay ayaa muujinaya in goobahan loo isticmaali jiray gabaad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timeline – Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123151/http://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo caddaymaha qadiimiga ah ayaa weli sii muuqanaya sababo la xiriira dhaqdhaqaaqa xayawaanka ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;EAPrac2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Cape EAPrac Archaeological Survey |date=2021 |title=Archaeological Impact Assessment |url=http://cape-eaprac.co.za/projects/HES651%20Patrys%20Development/G4%20Archaeological%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf |publisher=Professional heritage assessment report}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dejinta reer Yurub iyo ugaarsiga nibiriga ===
Tuulada Kalk Bay waxaa u dhow inay aasastay [[Shirkadda Bariga Hindiya ee Holand]] qarnigii 17-aad. Markii ugu horreysay ee qoraal lagu xuso magaca ''Kalkbaai'' (Bay-da Nuuradda) waxay ahayd badhasaab [[Simon van der Stel]] sannadkii 1687, intii lagu jiray safar saddex toddobaad qaatay oo lagu baarayay laguna khariidaynayay False Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;S2A3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon van der Stel |url=https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2926 |website=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science |access-date=2024-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Simon van der Stel's Day Register |journal=Cape Archives |language=Dutch |volume=11 |pages=481}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaca wuxuu ka yimid ereyada Holandeeska iyo Af-Afrikaans ee tilmaamaya kaydadka qolofta dhuubta ee ay gubeen dadkii hore u degay si ay u soo saaraan [[Nuurad|nuurad]].

Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee kalluumeysatada ahaa waxay u badnaayeen addoomo laga keenay Bengal, Indonesia, iyo Ceylon. Waxay heleen xorriyaddooda sannadkii 1807, markii addoonsiga laga dhigay mid sharci darro ah [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Bulshadan waxay u badneyd Muslim, taas oo horseeday dhismaha [[masaajid]] sannadkii 1846.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hoos u dhaca [[Gumeysiga Cape|Xukunkii Ingiriiska]], ugaarsiga nibiriga wuxuu noqday warshad weyn. Laga bilaabo qiyaastii 1806, wuxuu kiciyay dejinta aagga wuxuuna noqday warshadda saddexaad ee dakhliga ugu badan ka soo xaroodo Cape, ka dib beeraha iyo khamri-samaynta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Riverlodge2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=10 March 2016 |title=Our Famous False Bay Visitors |url=https://www.riverlodge.co.za/blogs/riverlodge-blog/our-famous-false-bay-visitors |website=Riverlodge Backpackers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saldhigyada ugaarsiga nibiriga waxaa laga raray Simon's Town lana geeyay xeebta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo St James ka dib markii dadka deegaanka ay ka cabdeen urta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Michael |date=2016 |title=A history of the houses |url=https://www.stjamesguesthouses.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/STJ-Booklet-Walker-LR.pdf |publisher=St James Guesthouses}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1902, ugaarsigii nibiriga ee Kalk Bay waa uu istaagay sababtoo ah kaydkii nibiriga ayaa yaraaday.&lt;ref name=&quot;CoCT2014_5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 05 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_05_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bulshada Filibiin ===
Dadka waxaa sii kordhiyay imaatinka kalluumeysatada Filibiin. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee deegaanka, imaatinkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu noqon karaa qiyaastii 1839, markii kalluumeysato magaciisa la oron jiray Staggie Fernandez uu ka soo dabaashay markab joogay Simon's Town una soo lugaynaayay Kalk Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herbert2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Herbert |first=Steve |date=28 September 2023 |title=The history of Kalk Bay's Filipino community |url=https://falsebayecho.co.za/news/2023-09-28-the-history-of-kalk-bays-filipino-community/ |website=False Bay Echo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Warbixinno kale waxay sheegayaan in shaqaale markab Filibiin ah oo ku qarqoomay ay degeen Kalk Bay bartamihii 1840-meeyadii. Bulshadu waxay si weyn u korortay 1850-meeyadii markii qaxooti ay ka soo carareen Filibiin si ay uga baxsadaan rabshadihii ka dhanka ahaa Isbaanishka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smile2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=5 April 2019 |title=EARLY KALK BAY SETTLERS HONOURED |url=https://smilefm.co.za/early-kalk-bay-settlers-honoured/ |website=Smile 90.4FM}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulshada Filibiin ee u badneyd [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoolig]] waxaa loo arkaa asalka kala qaybinta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], maadaama kan dambe uu ku yaal kaniisadda Kaatooligga ee keliya ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Horumarinta dhabbada tareenka iyo dekedda ===
[[File:Kalk Bay's Train Line 1883.jpg|left|thumb|Dhabbada tareenka ee Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883]]
Dhabbada tareenka ee Khadka Koonfureed waxaa loo kordhiyay Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883, iyadoo ku xireysa tuulada Cape Town kuna gacan siineysa in kalluunka si hufan loogu qaado magaalada.&lt;ref name=&quot;CoCT2014_9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 09 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_09_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Seeff2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 September 2018 |title=Then and now: Wynberg Railway Station |url=https://www.seeff.com/news/then-and-now-wynberg-railway-station/ |website=Seeff Property Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, imaatinka tareenka wuxuu halis geliyay dhaqankii ahaa in doomaha yar yar ee kalluumeysiga laga bilaabo xeebta. Tani, oo ay weheliso isticmaalka maraakiibta waa weyn ee kalluumeysiga ee False Bay, waxay kordhisay cadaadiska dhismaha deked macmal ah.

Dhismaha dekedda wuxuu bilowday 6-dii Maarso 1913, iyadoo uu kormeerayay injineerka mas'uulka ka ahaa C. Le S. Furlong.&lt;ref name=&quot;IdeaAccel2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=15 April 2025 |title=The Mystery of the Green Starboard Lighthouse at Kalk Bay Harbour |url=https://ideaaccelerator.co.za/the-mystery-of-the-green-starboard-lighthouse-at-kalk-bay-harbour/ |website=Idea Accelerator Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; 7-dii Juun 1913, Wasiirka Tareennada iyo Dekedaha, Henry Burton, ayaa dhigay dhagax-dhigga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Echo2023&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |title=Celebrating 110 years of Kalk Bay Harbour |work=False Bay Echo |date=27 June 2023 |first=Erin |last=Carelse |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526132931/https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mashruuca wuxuu inta badan dhammaaday 1918, wuxuuna dhalay barkad 8-acre ah oo leh gabaad hirarka ka difaaca, marin kalluunka laga soo dejiyo, iyo marin doomaha la mariyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;IdeaAccel2025&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 1937 iyo 1939 waxaa lagu daray [[Dhismaha dekedda ka difaaca hirarka|gabaad labaad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bulletin 1 1997 |url=https://kbha.co.za/BULLETINS/1/mobile/index.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=kbha.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xilligii midab-kala-sooca (Apartheid) ===
[[File:Kalk Bay.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|&quot;Fisherman Flats&quot; oo laga arkayo dekedda, kuwaas oo lagu garto saqafkooda guduudan iyo midabka maariinka ah]]
Sharcigii Aqallada Dumay ee 1934, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaali jiray horumarinta midab-kala-sooca, wuxuu horseeday dumin lagu sameeyay guryo ku yaal aag ka tirsan Kalk Bay oo loo yaqaano Die Land.&lt;ref name=&quot;UP2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2009 |title=Contested modernism: post Slums Act public housing in Cape Town |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/items/5efe35e1-9bcd-4880-9c94-db2bf7355df9 |publisher=Art Historical Work Group of South Africa, University of Pretoria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guryahan waxaa u badnaa dadka [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]] ee kalluumeysatada ahaa. Bulshadu waxay si guul leh ugu dagaalantay in guryo beddel u ah laga dhiso meeshii laga dumiyay, taas oo keentay dhismaha aqallo dabaqyo ah intii u dhaxeysay 1941 iyo 1945, oo loo yaqaano &quot;Fishermen's Flats&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GroundUp2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 June 2018 |title=Using municipal land for bowling greens during a housing crisis is unjust |url=https://groundup.org.za/article/leasing-city-land-bowling-greens-housing-crisis-unjust/ |website=GroundUp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330095658/http://www.kbha.co.za/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1967, Kalk Bay waxaa loogu dhawaaqay &quot;Aag Caddan&quot; iyadoo la raacayo [[Sharciga Aagga Kooxaha]]. Tani waxay keentay dibad-bax weyn iyo isbeddel taariikhda naadir ku ah: bulshada kalluumeysatada ah waxaa loo oggolaaday inay ku haraan dabaqyada, maadaama ay qasab ku ahayd inay u dhowaadaan doomahooda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Destiny2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Manuel |first=Lauren |date=6 March 2023 |title=The Keeper of Fishermen Tales |url=https://www.destinyconnect.com/2023/03/the-keeper-of-fishermen-tales/ |website=Destiny Connect}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkastoo loo qabtay muddo 15 sano ah oo aakhirkii lagu rarayo, haddana marnaba lagama hawlgalin, inta badan dadkiina waa ay hareen. Qiyaastii meel meel afar meelood loo qaybiyay qoysaska ayaa la saaray.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==

[[Image:Kalk Bay 2.JPG|thumb|Dekedda Kalk Bay]]
Warshaddii kalluumeysiga ee taariikhda maamuli jirtay Kalk Bay waxaa inta badan beddelay dalxiiska.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-02 |title=December Newsletter |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133716/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isbeddelkan waxaa kiciyay dhowr meelood oo caan ah oo soo jiidasho leh. Dekedda weli waxay martigelisaa warshad kalluumeysi oo firfircoon; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay sidoo kale noqotay goob dalxiis oo caan ah. Waxay leedahay dhowr maqaayado cuntooyinka badda ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Getaway |date=2021-06-30 |title=Kalk Bay: The Happy Harbour |url=https://www.getaway.co.za/destinations/western-cape/kalk-bay-the-happy-harbour/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Getaway Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo suuq kalluun oo cusub. Waxay sidoo kale caan ku tahay dadkeeda [[Libaax baddoodka maariinka ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Master |first=Web |date=2021-12-27 |title=Kalk Bay Seal Finally Off the Hook, Freed from Pain • Cape of Good Hope SPCA |url=https://capespca.co.za/wildlife-news/kalk-bay-seal-finally-off-the-hook-freed-from-pain/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Cape of Good Hope SPCA |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalk Bay waxay leedahay meel dhagaxley ah oo caan ku ah ruxitaanka hirarka loona yaqaano &quot;Kalk Bay Reef&quot;. Waxay caan ku tahay hirarka waa weyn ee xidhan iyo dhagaxleyda gacanyada ah ee la xiriirta, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka halis badan inta badan goobaha caanka ah ee loo dalxiis tago hirarka dushooda. Waxaa ugu fiican in lagu dhex dabaasho hirar waa weyn oo ka imanaya koonfur-bari ama dabayl ka timaada waqooyi-galbeed. Hirarka yaryar, marka ay bbadu guranto waxay sameysaa hirar xidhan oo fiican. Hirarka inta badan waxay u fiican yihiin dhex dabaalashada xilliga qaboobaha iyo bilowga guga.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Dhaqdhaqaaqa kale ee caanka ah waa daawashada nibiriga, maadaama [[Nibiriga saxda ah ee koonfureed]] uu soo maro False Bay dhowr bilood oo sannadka ka mid ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay waxay leeyihiin dhowr dhabbo oo loo lugeeyo, oo ay ku jiraan Echo Valley iyo Trappieskop (Af-Afrikaans oo u taagan 'buurta tillaabooyinka'). Kuwaas waxaa laga geli karaa Boyes Drive, oo dhex marta buurta ka sarreysa Kalk Bay. Buuruhu waxay leeyihiin wax ka badan siddeetan godood, oo ku kala duwan dhibka ay leeyihiin.&lt;ref name=&quot;CU1984&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=1984 |title=Caves Of The Cape Peninsula |url=https://cucc.survex.com/jnl/1984/cape.htm |publisher=Cambridge Underground Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhabbooyinka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in laga galo godadka dhagax bacaadka ah ee loo yaqaano &quot;Boomslang Cave&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Subseries G10 - Avernas, Boomslang, White Dome Grotto, Wessels Grotto |url=https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=AtoM@UCT |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133723/https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo &quot;Ronan's Well&quot;, taas oo leh marin ka badan 400 oo mitir.&lt;ref name=&quot;CU1984&quot;/&gt; Kuwaas waxaa caan ku ah dadka hiwaayadda u leh galitaanka godadka sababo la xiriira sahlanaanta gelidooda, amnigooda, iyo qaabdhismeedkooda sahlan.

Godadkan waxay muhiimad u leeyihiin aqoonyahannada baara godadka sababtoo ah waxay ku sameysmeen dhagax bacaad. Nidaamyada godadka waa weyn inta badan lagama helo noocan oo kale ah dhagaxaan aan kiimiko ahaan falgalin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sharratt |first1=Norma J. |last2=Picker |first2=Mike D. |last3=Samways |first3=Michael J. |year=2000 |title=The invertebrate fauna of the sandstone caves of the Cape Peninsula (South Africa): Patterns of endemism and conservation priorities |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=107–143 |doi=10.1023/A:1008968518058 |s2cid=28508022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Astaan-gacmeedka (Coat of arms) ==
Kalk Bay (oo ay ku jiraan [[Muizenberg]] iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]]) waxay ahayd degmo magaalada ah bilowgii 1895 ilaa 1913. Golaha magaalada wuxuu qaatay astaan-gacmeed, oo uu naqshadeeyay Frank Newnes, bishii Luulyo 1901.&lt;ref name=&quot;wca&quot;&gt;Western Cape Archives : Kalk Bay Municipal Minutes (23 July 1901).&lt;/ref&gt;

Gaashaanka wuxuu u qaybsanaa si jiif ah. Qaybta sare waxay u qaybsantay si toos ah, iyadoo muujinaysa doon kalluumeysi (oo qayb ahaan uu qariyay gaashaan yar) iyo siddeed fleurs de lis, halka qaybta hoose ay muujinaysay [[raascanab canab ah]]. Gaashaan yar oo muujinaya ubaxa arum lily ayaa la dhigay bartamaha.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Dekedaha iyo gabaadyada Koonfur Afrika]]

== Tixraacyada ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirin dheeraad ah ==
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      <text bytes="21142" sha1="g5j3484j0k2c3f0t5bl3v5vyzrzp6v1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Kalk Bay
| native_name        = ''Kalkbaai''
| image_skyline      = Kalkbaai.JPG
| image_caption      = Kalk Bay oo laga arkayo dhabbada tareenka
| pushpin_map        = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates        = {{coord|34|07|40|S|18|26|54|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[Waddan]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Koonfur Afrika]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Gobollada Koonfur Afrika|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Western Cape]]
| subdivision_type2  = Degmo
| subdivision_type3  = [[Liiska degmooyinka Koonfur Afrika|Degmo Doorasho]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality|Magaalada Cape Town]]
| subdivision_type4  = Goobta Koowaad
| subdivision_name4  = [[Cape Town]]
| established_title  = La aasaasay
| leader_title       = Xildhibaan
| leader_name        = Aimee Kuhl ([[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|DA]])
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |title=Sub Place Kalk Bay |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2019-03-22 |archive-date=2019-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711134841/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/199041112 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 0.32
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total   = 700
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;| demographics_type1 = Qaabdhismeedka qowmiyadeed (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1 = [[Dadka Bantuuga ee Koonfur Afrika|Madow Afrikaan]]
| demographics1_info1 = 8.1%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]]
| demographics1_info2 = 32.3%
| demographics1_title3 = [[Aasiyaanka Koonfur Afrika|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3 = 0.1%
| demographics1_title4 = [[Caddanka Koonfur Afrika|Caddan]]
| demographics1_info4 = 54.6%
| demographics1_title5 = Kale
| demographics1_info5 = 4.9%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;| demographics_type2 = [[Luqadda koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1 = [[Luqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriis]]
| demographics2_info1 = 86.2%
| demographics2_title2 = [[Af-Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2 = 10.3%
| demographics2_title3 = 
| demographics2_info3 = 
| demographics2_title4 = 
| demographics2_info4 = 
| demographics2_title5 = Kale
| demographics2_info5 = 3.5%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;| timezone1          = [[Waqtiga Halbeega ee Koonfur Afrika|SAST]]
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Liiska nambarrada boostada ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka boostada]] (waddada)
| postal_code        = 7975
| postal2_code_type  = [[Sanduuqa boostada|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code       = 7990
| area_code_type     = [[Nambarrada taleefanka ee Koonfur Afrika|Xeerka aagga]]
}}
'''Kalk Bay''' ({{langx|af|Kalkbaai}}) waa [[tuulo kalluumeysi]] iyo xafo ka tirsan [[Cape Town]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee False Bay. Inta badan magaalada waxay ku taal daldaloolada buuraha ee xiga badda. Buurahan, oo leh meelo sare oo ah [[Dhagax Bacaadka ee Buurta Shaxda]], waxay sameeyaan dhowr dooxadood.&lt;ref name=&quot;compton&quot;&gt;Compton, J.S. (2004).''The Rocks and Mountains of Cape Town''. p. 24-26, 44-70. Double Storey Books, Cape Town. {{ISBN|1-919930-70-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gadiidka tareenka ee Koonfur Afrika|Dhabbada tareenka]] ee ka timaada [[Cape Town]] kuna socota [[Simon's Town]] waxay martaa Kalk Bay, taas oo leh hal saldhig oo u dhow dekedda.

Kalk Bay waxay ku dhowdahay xafada taariikhda la xiriirta ee [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], iyadoo qaybinta u dhaxeysa labada ay tahay mid si weyn u rami ah. Waxay wadaagaan Ururka Canshuurbixiyayaasha iyo Dadka Deggan Kalk Bay iyo St. James, kaas oo maamula guddiga hiddaha isla markaana xiriir la sameeya dowladda arrimaha ku saabsan amniga iyo ilaalinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705003756/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2018, majaladda ''[[Forbes]]'' waxay u magacawday xaafaddan mid ka mid ah kuwa &quot;ugu qaboobaha badan dunida&quot;, iyadoo ku tilmaantay &quot;gabaad xeebeed&quot; oo soo jiidanaya wax ka badan bulshada hal-abuurka ee deegaanka.&lt;ref name=ForbesCoolest&gt;{{Cite web|last=Abel|first=Ann|date=22 June 2018|title=The 12 Coolest Neighborhoods Around the World|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613124721/https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/06/22/the-12-coolest-neighborhoods-around-the-world/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-22|title=Kalk Bay named one of the 'coolest places' - Forbes|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|access-date=2020-05-01|website=SABC News|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127132143/http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kalk-bay-named-one-of-the-coolest-places-forbes/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
[[File:Kalk Bay historic postcard.jpg|left|thumb|Kaatun taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan Kalk Bay]]

=== Taariikhda ka hor gumeysiga ===
Taariikhda aagga Kalk Bay waa mid adag in laga saaro taariikhda gobolka weyn ee False Bay. Waxay u dhowdahay in aagga ay degenaayeen dadka [[Khoekhoe]] muddo kumanyaal sano ah ka hor dejinta reer Yurub.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |degree=MA |last=Kirkaldy |first=Alan |date=November 1988 |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |title=&quot;The sea is in our blood&quot; - community and craft in Kalk Bay |publisher=University of Cape Town |access-date=2023-09-11 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321003840/https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/22499/thesis_hum_1989_kirkaldy_alan.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Baaritaan lagu sameeyay lafaha laga helay gobolka xeebta ayaa muujiyay in dhererka dadkan taariikhda ka hor uu ku jiray qiyaasta dadka casriga ah ee [[Khoisan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilson1990&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |last=Wilson |first=M. |date=1990 |title=Strandlovers and Shell Middens |publisher=University of Cape Town |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/11427/22956/1/thesis_hum_Wilson_1990.pdf |location=Available at UCT Digital Collections}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Turaas]] laga helay boholaha hoose ee buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay ayaa muujinaya in goobahan loo isticmaali jiray gabaad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timeline – Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123151/http://www.kbha.co.za/timeline/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo caddaymaha qadiimiga ah ayaa weli sii muuqanaya sababo la xiriira dhaqdhaqaaqa xayawaanka ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;EAPrac2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Cape EAPrac Archaeological Survey |date=2021 |title=Archaeological Impact Assessment |url=http://cape-eaprac.co.za/projects/HES651%20Patrys%20Development/G4%20Archaeological%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf |publisher=Professional heritage assessment report}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dejinta reer Yurub iyo ugaarsiga nibiriga ===
Tuulada Kalk Bay waxaa u dhow inay aasastay [[Shirkadda Bariga Hindiya ee Holand]] qarnigii 17-aad. Markii ugu horreysay ee qoraal lagu xuso magaca ''Kalkbaai'' (Bay-da Nuuradda) waxay ahayd badhasaab [[Simon van der Stel]] sannadkii 1687, intii lagu jiray safar saddex toddobaad qaatay oo lagu baarayay laguna khariidaynayay False Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;S2A3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Simon van der Stel |url=https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2926 |website=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science |access-date=2024-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Simon van der Stel's Day Register |journal=Cape Archives |language=Dutch |volume=11 |pages=481}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaca wuxuu ka yimid ereyada Holandeeska iyo Af-Afrikaans ee tilmaamaya kaydadka qolofta dhuubta ee ay gubeen dadkii hore u degay si ay u soo saaraan [[Nuurad|nuurad]].

Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee kalluumeysatada ahaa waxay u badnaayeen addoomo laga keenay Bengal, Indonesia, iyo Ceylon. Waxay heleen xorriyaddooda sannadkii 1807, markii addoonsiga laga dhigay mid sharci darro ah [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Bulshadan waxay u badneyd Muslim, taas oo horseeday dhismaha [[masaajid]] sannadkii 1846.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hoos u dhaca [[Gumeysiga Cape|Xukunkii Ingiriiska]], ugaarsiga nibiriga wuxuu noqday warshad weyn. Laga bilaabo qiyaastii 1806, wuxuu kiciyay dejinta aagga wuxuuna noqday warshadda saddexaad ee dakhliga ugu badan ka soo xaroodo Cape, ka dib beeraha iyo khamri-samaynta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Riverlodge2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=10 March 2016 |title=Our Famous False Bay Visitors |url=https://www.riverlodge.co.za/blogs/riverlodge-blog/our-famous-false-bay-visitors |website=Riverlodge Backpackers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saldhigyada ugaarsiga nibiriga waxaa laga raray Simon's Town lana geeyay xeebta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo St James ka dib markii dadka deegaanka ay ka cabdeen urta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Michael |date=2016 |title=A history of the houses |url=https://www.stjamesguesthouses.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/STJ-Booklet-Walker-LR.pdf |publisher=St James Guesthouses}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1902, ugaarsigii nibiriga ee Kalk Bay waa uu istaagay sababtoo ah kaydkii nibiriga ayaa yaraaday.&lt;ref name=&quot;CoCT2014_5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 05 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_05_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bulshada Filibiin ===
Dadka waxaa sii kordhiyay imaatinka kalluumeysatada Filibiin. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee deegaanka, imaatinkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu noqon karaa qiyaastii 1839, markii kalluumeysato magaciisa la oron jiray Staggie Fernandez uu ka soo dabaashay markab joogay Simon's Town una soo lugaynaayay Kalk Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herbert2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Herbert |first=Steve |date=28 September 2023 |title=The history of Kalk Bay's Filipino community |url=https://falsebayecho.co.za/news/2023-09-28-the-history-of-kalk-bays-filipino-community/ |website=False Bay Echo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Warbixinno kale waxay sheegayaan in shaqaale markab Filibiin ah oo ku qarqoomay ay degeen Kalk Bay bartamihii 1840-meeyadii. Bulshadu waxay si weyn u korortay 1850-meeyadii markii qaxooti ay ka soo carareen Filibiin si ay uga baxsadaan rabshadihii ka dhanka ahaa Isbaanishka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Smile2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=5 April 2019 |title=EARLY KALK BAY SETTLERS HONOURED |url=https://smilefm.co.za/early-kalk-bay-settlers-honoured/ |website=Smile 90.4FM}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulshada Filibiin ee u badneyd [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoolig]] waxaa loo arkaa asalka kala qaybinta u dhaxeysa Kalk Bay iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]], maadaama kan dambe uu ku yaal kaniisadda Kaatooligga ee keliya ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Horumarinta dhabbada tareenka iyo dekedda ===
[[File:Kalk Bay's Train Line 1883.jpg|left|thumb|Dhabbada tareenka ee Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883]]
Dhabbada tareenka ee Khadka Koonfureed waxaa loo kordhiyay Kalk Bay sannadkii 1883, iyadoo ku xireysa tuulada Cape Town kuna gacan siineysa in kalluunka si hufan loogu qaado magaalada.&lt;ref name=&quot;CoCT2014_9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stories of the South Peninsula, Chapter 09 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Stories_of_the_South_Peninsula_chapter_09_2014-06.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Seeff2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 September 2018 |title=Then and now: Wynberg Railway Station |url=https://www.seeff.com/news/then-and-now-wynberg-railway-station/ |website=Seeff Property Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, imaatinka tareenka wuxuu halis geliyay dhaqankii ahaa in doomaha yar yar ee kalluumeysiga laga bilaabo xeebta. Tani, oo ay weheliso isticmaalka maraakiibta waa weyn ee kalluumeysiga ee False Bay, waxay kordhisay cadaadiska dhismaha deked macmal ah.

Dhismaha dekedda wuxuu bilowday 6-dii Maarso 1913, iyadoo uu kormeerayay injineerka mas'uulka ka ahaa C. Le S. Furlong.&lt;ref name=&quot;IdeaAccel2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=15 April 2025 |title=The Mystery of the Green Starboard Lighthouse at Kalk Bay Harbour |url=https://ideaaccelerator.co.za/the-mystery-of-the-green-starboard-lighthouse-at-kalk-bay-harbour/ |website=Idea Accelerator Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; 7-dii Juun 1913, Wasiirka Tareennada iyo Dekedaha, Henry Burton, ayaa dhigay dhagax-dhigga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Echo2023&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |title=Celebrating 110 years of Kalk Bay Harbour |work=False Bay Echo |date=27 June 2023 |first=Erin |last=Carelse |access-date=26 May 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526132931/https://www.falsebayecho.co.za/news/celebrating-110-years-of-kalk-bay-harbour-95103577-55dc-42c9-a020-0a737a61032d |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mashruuca wuxuu inta badan dhammaaday 1918, wuxuuna dhalay barkad 8-acre ah oo leh gabaad hirarka ka difaaca, marin kalluunka laga soo dejiyo, iyo marin doomaha la mariyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;IdeaAccel2025&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 1937 iyo 1939 waxaa lagu daray [[Dhismaha dekedda ka difaaca hirarka|gabaad labaad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bulletin 1 1997 |url=https://kbha.co.za/BULLETINS/1/mobile/index.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=kbha.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xilligii midab-kala-sooca (Apartheid) ===
[[File:Kalk Bay.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|&quot;Fisherman Flats&quot; oo laga arkayo dekedda, kuwaas oo lagu garto saqafkooda guduudan iyo midabka maariinka ah]]
Sharcigii Aqallada Dumay ee 1934, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaali jiray horumarinta midab-kala-sooca, wuxuu horseeday dumin lagu sameeyay guryo ku yaal aag ka tirsan Kalk Bay oo loo yaqaano Die Land.&lt;ref name=&quot;UP2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2009 |title=Contested modernism: post Slums Act public housing in Cape Town |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/items/5efe35e1-9bcd-4880-9c94-db2bf7355df9 |publisher=Art Historical Work Group of South Africa, University of Pretoria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guryahan waxaa u badnaa dadka [[Midabka isku dhex jira|Midabka isku dhex jira]] ee kalluumeysatada ahaa. Bulshadu waxay si guul leh ugu dagaalantay in guryo beddel u ah laga dhiso meeshii laga dumiyay, taas oo keentay dhismaha aqallo dabaqyo ah intii u dhaxeysay 1941 iyo 1945, oo loo yaqaano &quot;Fishermen's Flats&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GroundUp2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=14 June 2018 |title=Using municipal land for bowling greens during a housing crisis is unjust |url=https://groundup.org.za/article/leasing-city-land-bowling-greens-housing-crisis-unjust/ |website=GroundUp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalk Bay Historical Association |url=https://www.kbha.co.za/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330095658/http://www.kbha.co.za/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1967, Kalk Bay waxaa loogu dhawaaqay &quot;Aag Caddan&quot; iyadoo la raacayo [[Sharciga Aagga Kooxaha]]. Tani waxay keentay dibad-bax weyn iyo isbeddel taariikhda naadir ku ah: bulshada kalluumeysatada ah waxaa loo oggolaaday inay ku haraan dabaqyada, maadaama ay qasab ku ahayd inay u dhowaadaan doomahooda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Destiny2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Manuel |first=Lauren |date=6 March 2023 |title=The Keeper of Fishermen Tales |url=https://www.destinyconnect.com/2023/03/the-keeper-of-fishermen-tales/ |website=Destiny Connect}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkastoo loo qabtay muddo 15 sano ah oo aakhirkii lagu rarayo, haddana marnaba lagama hawlgalin, inta badan dadkiina waa ay hareen. Qiyaastii meel meel afar meelood loo qaybiyay qoysaska ayaa la saaray.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==

[[Image:Kalk Bay 2.JPG|thumb|Dekedda Kalk Bay]]
Warshaddii kalluumeysiga ee taariikhda maamuli jirtay Kalk Bay waxaa inta badan beddelay dalxiiska.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-02 |title=December Newsletter |url=https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Kalk Bay &amp; St James Ratepayers |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133716/https://kalkbaystjamesratepayers.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/december-newsletter/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isbeddelkan waxaa kiciyay dhowr meelood oo caan ah oo soo jiidasho leh. Dekedda weli waxay martigelisaa warshad kalluumeysi oo firfircoon; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay sidoo kale noqotay goob dalxiis oo caan ah. Waxay leedahay dhowr maqaayado cuntooyinka badda ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Getaway |date=2021-06-30 |title=Kalk Bay: The Happy Harbour |url=https://www.getaway.co.za/destinations/western-cape/kalk-bay-the-happy-harbour/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Getaway Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo suuq kalluun oo cusub. Waxay sidoo kale caan ku tahay dadkeeda [[Libaax baddoodka maariinka ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Master |first=Web |date=2021-12-27 |title=Kalk Bay Seal Finally Off the Hook, Freed from Pain • Cape of Good Hope SPCA |url=https://capespca.co.za/wildlife-news/kalk-bay-seal-finally-off-the-hook-freed-from-pain/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Cape of Good Hope SPCA |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalk Bay waxay leedahay meel dhagaxley ah oo caan ku ah ruxitaanka hirarka loona yaqaano &quot;Kalk Bay Reef&quot;. Waxay caan ku tahay hirarka waa weyn ee xidhan iyo dhagaxleyda gacanyada ah ee la xiriirta, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka halis badan inta badan goobaha caanka ah ee loo dalxiis tago hirarka dushooda. Waxaa ugu fiican in lagu dhex dabaasho hirar waa weyn oo ka imanaya koonfur-bari ama dabayl ka timaada waqooyi-galbeed. Hirarka yaryar, marka ay bbadu guranto waxay sameysaa hirar xidhan oo fiican. Hirarka inta badan waxay u fiican yihiin dhex dabaalashada xilliga qaboobaha iyo bilowga guga.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Dhaqdhaqaaqa kale ee caanka ah waa daawashada nibiriga, maadaama [[Nibiriga saxda ah ee koonfureed]] uu soo maro False Bay dhowr bilood oo sannadka ka mid ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, buuraha ka sarreeya Kalk Bay waxay leeyihiin dhowr dhabbo oo loo lugeeyo, oo ay ku jiraan Echo Valley iyo Trappieskop (Af-Afrikaans oo u taagan 'buurta tillaabooyinka'). Kuwaas waxaa laga geli karaa Boyes Drive, oo dhex marta buurta ka sarreysa Kalk Bay. Buuruhu waxay leeyihiin wax ka badan siddeetan godood, oo ku kala duwan dhibka ay leeyihiin.&lt;ref name=&quot;CU1984&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=1984 |title=Caves Of The Cape Peninsula |url=https://cucc.survex.com/jnl/1984/cape.htm |publisher=Cambridge Underground Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhabbooyinka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in laga galo godadka dhagax bacaadka ah ee loo yaqaano &quot;Boomslang Cave&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Subseries G10 - Avernas, Boomslang, White Dome Grotto, Wessels Grotto |url=https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=AtoM@UCT |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526133723/https://www.atom.lib.uct.ac.za/index.php/za-uct-bc739-g-g10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo &quot;Ronan's Well&quot;, taas oo leh marin ka badan 400 oo mitir.&lt;ref name=&quot;CU1984&quot;/&gt; Kuwaas waxaa caan ku ah dadka hiwaayadda u leh galitaanka godadka sababo la xiriira sahlanaanta gelidooda, amnigooda, iyo qaabdhismeedkooda sahlan.

Godadkan waxay muhiimad u leeyihiin aqoonyahannada baara godadka sababtoo ah waxay ku sameysmeen dhagax bacaad. Nidaamyada godadka waa weyn inta badan lagama helo noocan oo kale ah dhagaxaan aan kiimiko ahaan falgalin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sharratt |first1=Norma J. |last2=Picker |first2=Mike D. |last3=Samways |first3=Michael J. |year=2000 |title=The invertebrate fauna of the sandstone caves of the Cape Peninsula (South Africa): Patterns of endemism and conservation priorities |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=107–143 |doi=10.1023/A:1008968518058 |s2cid=28508022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Astaan-gacmeedka==
Kalk Bay (oo ay ku jiraan [[Muizenberg]] iyo [[St James, Cape Town|St James]]) waxay ahayd degmo magaalada ah bilowgii 1895 ilaa 1913. Golaha magaalada wuxuu qaatay astaan-gacmeed, oo uu naqshadeeyay Frank Newnes, bishii Luulyo 1901.&lt;ref name=&quot;wca&quot;&gt;Western Cape Archives : Kalk Bay Municipal Minutes (23 July 1901).&lt;/ref&gt;

Gaashaanka wuxuu u qaybsanaa si jiif ah. Qaybta sare waxay u qaybsantay si toos ah, iyadoo muujinaysa doon kalluumeysi (oo qayb ahaan uu qariyay gaashaan yar) iyo siddeed fleurs de lis, halka qaybta hoose ay muujinaysay [[raascanab canab ah]]. Gaashaan yar oo muujinaya ubaxa arum lily ayaa la dhigay bartamaha.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Dekedaha iyo gabaadyada Koonfur Afrika]]

== Tixraacyada ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirin dheeraad ah ==
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  <page>
    <title>Sofala</title>
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      <text bytes="12759" sha1="mj67qkmcpljo9pxmo8fomijko5ogpmx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sofala1683.jpg|thumb|Sofala sannadkii 1683 AD, naqshaddii Mallet]]
'''Sofala''' {{IPA|pt|suˈfalɐ|}}, hadda loo yaqaano '''Nova Sofala''' {{IPA|pt|ˈnovɐ suˈfalɐ|}}, waxay ahayd [[Magaalo-dawlad Sawaaxili]] oo caan ah. Waxay ku taal [[Sofala Bangi]] ee [[Gobolka Sofala]] ee [[Mozambique]]. Isticmaalkii ugu horreeyay ee laga diwangeliyo magaaladan dekedda ah wuxixiisii ahaa ganacsatadii [[Saldanadda Muqdisho]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Horizon History 143&quot;&gt;''The Horizon History of Africa'', vol. 1, p. 143&lt;/ref&gt; Mid ka mid ah asalka magaca Sofala waxaa loo malaynayaa inay tahay &quot;soofalay&quot; ama &quot;soofo&quot; oo ka tirsan [[Af-Soomaali|luqadda Soomaaliga]], taas oo muujinaysa magaalada inay ahayd xarun dahabka laga qodo.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

== Taariikhda ==
Mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu faca weyn ee laga diwangeliyay [[Koonfurta Afrika]], Sofala-dii xilliyadii dhexe waxaa laga dhisay qarka dooxada ballaran ee uu sameeyo [[Webiga Buzi (Mozambique)|Webiga Buzi]] (oo khariidadaha hore loogu yeeri jiray ''Rio de Sofala'').

Webiga Buzi wuxuu Sofala ku xiri jiray magaalada ganacsiga gudaha ee [[Manica, Mozambique|Manica]], halkaasna wuxuu uga sii gudbi jiray aagagga dahabka ee [[Great Zimbabwe]]. Qiyaastii qarnigii 10-aad, Sofala waxay u soo baxday goob ganacsi oo yar waxayna ku dhex milantay nidaamka weyn ee ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ee caalamiga ah. Waxaa la sheegay in dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degay Sofala ee ka yimid xeebta Bari ee Afrika ay ka yimaadeen Muqdisho, kuwaas oo raadinayay dahab.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freeman-Grenville (1975)&quot;&gt;The East African Coast: Select Documents from the First to the Earlier 19th Century, page 89&lt;/ref&gt; Ganacsatada ka tirsan [[Saldanadda Muqdisho]] waxay muddo dheer Sofala ka qarin jireen xafiiltankooda Kilwa, kuwaas oo ilaa xilligaas naadir ku ahayd inay u shiraacdaan ka shisheeya [[Cape Delgado]]. Sannadihii 1180-aadkii, Sultan Suleiman Hassan ee [[Kilwa Kisiwani|Kilwa]] (oo hadda ah [[Tanzania]]) ayaa la wareegay maamulka Sofala, wuxuuna Sofala keenay [[Saldanadda Kilwa]] iyo saamaynta dhaqanka [[Dhaqanka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxiliga]].&lt;ref&gt;Taariikhyahanka reer Portugal [[João de Barros]] (Dec. I, Lib. 10, Cap. 2 (p. 388 ff.) wuxuu ka sheekaynayaa sheekada ka dambaysa qabsashada: Ganacsatada Muqdisho waxay muddo dheer Sofala ka qarin jireen xafiiltankooda Kilwa, kuwaas oo ilaa xilligaas naadir ku ahayd inay u shiraacdaan ka shisheeya [[Cape Delgado]]. Maalintii dambe, kalluumeysato ayaa wax weyn ka qabtay Kilwa waxaana kalluunkii u jiiday hareeraha Cape Delgado, iyada oo loo marayo [[Kanaalka Mozambique]], ilaa hoos xadka Sofala. Kalluumeysatadii ayaa dib ugu laabtay Kilwa si uu ugu sheego Sultan Suleiman Hassan wixii uu arkay. Markii uu u sheegay ganacsiga dahabka, sultankii wuxuu soo raray markab maro ah wuxuuna isla markiiba u cararay halkaas, isagoo adeegsanaya kalluumeysatadii. Sultankii Kilwa wuxuu u soo bandhigay heshiis ka fiican Mwenemutapa, waxaana loo oggolaaday inuu diso warshad iyo gumeysi Kilwa ah jasiiradda si uu meesha uga saaro dadkii reer Muqdisho si joogto ah.&lt;/ref&gt; Sawaaxiliyiintu waxay xoojiyeen awooddooda ganacsi iyagoo adeegsanaya doomaha [[Dhow]] ee webiyada mara si ay u maraan webiyada Buzi iyo [[Webiga Save (Afrika)|Save]] si ay dahabka laga soo saaro gudaha u keenaan xeebta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| first=Fr. João |last= dos Santos |title= Ethiopia Oriental | year=1609 |publisher=reprinted in Theal, vol. 7, p. 3 ff}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mawqifkii dambe ee Sofala oo ahaa xarunta ugu weyn ee ganacsiga dahabka ee [[Boqortooyada Mutapa|Mwenemutapa]] wuxuu ku dhiirrigeliyay taariikhyahanka reer Portugal [[Thomé Lopes]] inuu Sofala ku xiro goobtii kitaabiga ahayd ee [[Ophir]] iyo madaxdoodii hore oo uu la xiriiriyay boqortooyadii [[Boqoraddii Sheba]].&lt;ref name=EB1911/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Thomé Lopes|Lopes, Thomé]] (1504) ''Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas, que vivem nos dominios portuguezes, ou lhes zijn visinhas'', Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eCsOAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3ALCCN05004414&amp;pg=PA163 p. 163] ee [[Google Books]]&lt;/ref&gt; Dhanka kale, dhammaadkii qarnigii 19-aad iyo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, [[Augustus Henry Keane]] wuxuu ku doonayay in Sofala ay ahayd goobtii kitaabiga ahayd ee [[Tarshish]].&lt;ref&gt;''The Gold of Ophir - Whence Brought and by Whom?'' (1901)&lt;/ref&gt; Tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, labadaas fikradoodba waa laga tagay.

Inkastoo dakhliga ka soo xarooda ganacsiga dahabka ee Sofala uu faa'iido weyn u ahaa sultannadii Kilwa isla markaana u oggolaaday inay maalgeliyaan ballaarinta boqortooyada ganacsiga Sawaaxiliga ee ku dhedgneed xeebta Bari ee Afrika, Sofala ma ahayn kaliya xarun hoos timaada Kilwa, laakiin waxay ahayd magaalo hoggaanka u haysa nafteeda, iyadoo lahayd dadkeeda caanka ah, bulshooyin ganacsato ah, xiriirro ganacsi iyo dejisyo ilaa koonfurta gaaraya [[Cape Correntes]] (iyo qaarkood oo ku yaal kanaalka gudahiisa ee [[Madagascar]]). Si rasmi ah, Sofala waxay sii wadday inay ka tirsanaato Boqortooyada [[Mwenemutapa]], iyadoo bulshada [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxiliga]] ay bixin jireen canshuur si loo oggolaado inay degaan oo ay ganacsi ku sameeyaan halkaas. Sultanka Kilwa wuxuu xukumi jiray oo keliya dadka deggan ee Sawaaxiliga ah, gudoomiyihiisuna wuxuu u dhawaa [[Quunsul (wakiil)|quunsul]] marka loo eego xukumaha. Magaaladu waxay haysatay madax-bannaani weyn, waxayna noqon kartay mid adag haddii Sultanka Kilwa uu isku dayo inuu farageliyo arrimaheeda. Sofala waxay ahayd magaalada ugu weyn xeebta ee ku taal koonfurta [[Kilwa Kisiwani|Kilwa]].

=== Imaatinka reer Portugal ===
{{Main|Gorgorka reer Portugal ee Sofala (Anaia, 1505)}}
Sahan-shariifka iyo basaaska reer Portugal [[Pêro da Covilhã]], isagoo u safraya dhulka isla markaana isku qarinaya sidii ganacsade Carab ah, wuxuu noqday reer Yurub-kii ugu horreeyay ee la ogaado inuu booqday Sofala sannadkii 1489. Warbixintiisii sirta ahayd ee loo gudbiyay [[Lisbon]] waxay aqoonsatay doorka Sofala ee xarun dahab ah (inkastoo xilligan ganacsiga dahabka uu aad uga yaraaday xilligiisii ugu sarreeyay). Sannadkii 1501 Sofala waxaa [[Armada 2-aad ee Hindiya ee Portugal (Cabral, 1500)|laga baaray badda]] waxaana goobta ay ku taal go'aamiyay kabtan [[Sancho de Tovar]]. Sannadkii 1502, [[Pedro Afonso de Aguiar]] (kuwa kale waxay sheegaan inuu ahaa [[Vasco da Gama]] naftiisa) ayaa hoggaamiyay [[Armada 4-aad ee Hindiya ee Portugal (Gama, 1502)|maraakiibtii ugu horreysay ee Portugal]] ee soo gala dekedda Sofala.&lt;ref&gt;Taariikhyahankii qarnigii 16-aad [[Gaspar Correia]] wuxuu ku adkaysanayaa inuu ahaa Aguiar; [[Jerónimo Osório|Osório]], oo si yar u taageeray [[João de Barros|Barros]], wuxuu tilmaamayaa Gama.&lt;/ref&gt;

Aguiar (ama Gama) wuxuu kulan la qaatay sheekhii xukumayay Isuf ee Sofala (''Yçuf'' ee ku taal [[João de Barros|Barros]] ''Çufe'' ee ku taal [[Damião de Goes|Goes]]). Xilligaas, Isuf wuxuu ku jiray khilaaf uu la lahaa [[Saldanadda Kilwa|Kilwa]]. Wasiirka Emir Ibrahim wuxuu xilka ka qaaday isla markaana dilay Sultankii rasmiga ahaa al-Fudail ee Kilwa, wuxuuna la wareegay awoodda. Isuf ee Sofala wuxuu diiday inuu aqoonsado xukumaha sharcilaawaha ah wuxuuna raadinayay hab uu isaga tuuro xukunkii Kilwa si uu u qaado dariiq madax-bannaan oo Sofala leedahay. Reer Portugal, iyagoo wata maraakiibtooda awoodda leh, waxay u muuqdeen inay hayaan furaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sheekhii da'da ahaa ee Isuf wuxuu gartay inay ka fiican tahay in laga dhigto saaxiibo halkii laga dhigan lahaa cadow, wuxuuna oggolaaday heshiis ganacsi iyo isbahaysi oo uu la galay [[Boqortooyada Portugal]].
[[File:Sofala (1666).jpg|thumb|Sofala, laga keenay [[Manuel Faria e Sousa]], ''Asia Portuguesa'', vol. 1, 1666]]
Tani waxaa xigtay sannadkii 1505 markii [[Pêro de Anaia]] (oo qayb ka ahaa [[Armada 7-aad ee Hindiya ee Portugal (Almeida, 1505)|Armada 7-aad]]) loo oggolaaday sheekh Isuf inuu dhiso [[Warshad (goob ganacsi)|warshad]] iyo qalcadd u dhow magaalada. [[Fort São Caetano]] ee Sofala waxay ahayd qalcaddii labaad ee Portugal ee Bari Afrika (tii ugu horreysay, oo ku taal [[Kilwa Kisiwani|Kilwa]], waxaa la dhisay dhowr bilood ka hor xilligaas). Anaia wuxuu isticmaalay dhagax laga keenay Yurub ujeeddadaas darteed. (Ka dib waxaa loo isticmaalay dhismaha [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]] [[kaathedral]]-keeda.)

Qalcaddii Portugal ma ay sii jirin muddo dheer. Inta badan ciidankii ilaalada ahaa waxaa si degdeg ah u dilay qandho (malaha [[malooriya]]). Dhammaadkii 1507, kabtankii cusbaa ee Portugal ee Sofala, [[Vasco Gomes de Abreu]], wuxuu qabsaday jasiiradda [[Jasiiradda Mozambique|Mozambique]]. Tartiib tartiib, inta badan ciidankii Sofala, saraakiishii iyo hawlihiiba waxaa loo wareegay jasiiradda, taas oo ka dhigtay Qalcaddii Sofala goob yar oo kaliya. Sidaas oo ay tahay, [[Liiska madaxda gumeysiga ee Mozambique|gudoomiyayaashii gumeysiga]] ee [[Mozambique-ta Portugal]] waxay sii wadeen inay u qaadaan 'Kabtanka Sofala' sidii koobka rasmiga ah ee ugu horreeya.

=== Gunaanad ===
Haddii aysan ahaan lahayd ganacsiga dahabka, Sofala waxaa laga yaabaa inay ka fogaan lahaayeen Sawaaxiliga iyo reer Portugal labadaba. Gelitaanka dooxada Sofala waxaa xannibay ciid guuraysa oo dheer, taas oo ay ku xigtay [[gacanyadii halista ahaa]], taas oo u oggolaanaysay doomaha inay u dhowaadaan si amni ah oo keliya marka ay bbadu soo buuxsanto. Xeebaha Sofala waxay ahaayeen [[swamp mangrove]], oo ay ka buuxaan biyo fadhiya iyo kaniisada malooriyada mangata. Sida deked ahaan, uma ay wehneyn maraakiibta Portugal, waana sababta ay reer Portugal ugu degdegeen inay qabsadaan [[Jasiiradda Mozambique]] sannadkii 1507, si ay uga dhigtaan dekeddooda la doorbido.

Ganacsiga dahabka wuxuu sidoo kuwaas kale noqday mid niyad-jab ah. Aagagga dahabka ee hore waxay u badnaayeen kuwo dhammaaday markii ay reer Portugal itmaadeen, soo saarista dahabkana waxay u guurtay dhanka waqooyi. Magaalada ganacsiga waxaa laga dhisay daldaloolada [[Zambezi]], taas oo Sofala ka dhigtay mid ka yar habboonaanta marka loo eego magaalooyinka cusub ee soo baxayay ee [[Quelimane]] iyo [[Angoche]].&lt;ref&gt;Newitt, 1995: p.10.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ciidda guuraysa iyo xuduudaha dooxada Buzi ayaa tan iyo xilligaas u oggolaaday bbadu inay dib ula wareegto inta badan Sofala-dii hore. Waxaa jira burbur aad u yar oo ku yaal New Sofala-da casriga ah oo muujinaya weynidii iyo hantidii hore ee magaalada.

Xilligii ugu sarreeyay, magaalada Sofala nafteeda waxay ka koobnayd laba magaalo, mid u dhow biyaha oo saaran ciid fidsan, iyo ta kale oo saaran dhul ka sarreeya oo caafimaad leh. Dadka Sofala waxay sidoo kale lahaayeen dejis yar oo dhanka waqooyi ah oo ku yaal afka [[Webiga Pungwe]] oo khariidadaha hore loogu yeeri jiray ''Rio de São Vicente''. Markii Sofala-dii weynayd ay ku qarqoomay badda, magaalada casriga ah ee [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]] waxaa laga dhisay goobtii xaruntaas yar.

Sofala waxay weysay muhiimaddeedii ganacsi ee u dambaysay markii [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]] la aasaasay {{convert|20|mi|km|order=flip}} dhanka waqooyi sannadkii 1890.&lt;ref name=EB1911&gt;{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Sofala |volume=25 |page=344}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dekedda waxaa mar lagu sheegay inay pwood u lahayd inay qaaddo boqol maraakiib ah, laakiin tan iyo xilligaas waxay ku xirantay ciid sababo la xiriira xaalufinta dhirta ee saaran qarka webiga iyo kaydka ciidda ee dekedda hoosteeda ah.&lt;ref name=EB1911/&gt;

== Xigashooyinka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tixraacyada ==
* [[João de Barros]] (1552–59) ''Tobanaan sano oo Aasiya ah: Falalka uu Boortaqiiska ka sameeyay daahfurka iyo qabsashada badaha iyo dhulalka Bariga.'', gaar ahaan Diseembar 1, Buugga 10, Cutubka 2 (p.&amp;nbsp;388ff.)
* [[Thomé Lopes]] (c.1504) &quot;Hagaajinta Bariga Hindiya, oo uu qoray Thomé Lopes oo ku qoran Bortuqiis, oo laga tarjumay Bortuqiis una tarjumay Talyaani, iyo mar kale Talyaani una tarjumay Bortuqiis, oo laga tarjumay 1812 una tarjumay Bortuqiis, oo ay samaysay Akadeemiyada Boqortooyada ee Sayniska &quot;Ururinta Wararka Taariikhda iyo Juqraafiga ee Dalalka Dibadda: kuwaas oo ku nool dhulka Bortuqiis, ama ku dhow&quot;,[https://books.google.com/books?id=eCsOAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=editions%3ALCCN05004414&amp;pg=PA159 Vol. 2, Pt. 5]
* Newitt, M.D. (1995) ''A History of Mozambique''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
* Theal, G. M. (1898–1903) ''Diiwaanada Koonfur-bari Afrika oo laga soo ururiyay maktabado kala duwan iyo waaxyo kayd ah oo ku yaal Yurub'', 9 vols., London: Clowes oo loogu talagalay Guddoomiyaha Cape Colony.
* Theal, G. M. (1902) ''Bilowgii Taariikhda Koonfur Afrika''. London: Unwin.
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9068504/Sofala The 2006 Britannica]
*{{EI2|title=Sofāla|first1=G.|last1=Ferrand|first2=G. S. P.|last2=Freeman-Grenville|volume=9|pages=698–702}}

{{Authority control}}

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|name=Dekedda Nador West Med
|country= [[Marooko]]
|location= [[Nador]]
|coordinates= {{coord|35.271971|-3.102608}}
|opened=
|sizeland=1,500 ha
|piers=
|berths=
|containervolume= 
|cargotonnage= 
|cargovalue=
|website=[http://www.nadorwestmed.ma/ NadorWestMed.ma]
}}
'''Nador West Med''' (Nador Med) waa deked [[gudbinta rarka]] oo qorsheysan oo laga dhisayo dalka Marooko, taas oo hadda ka dhisanta Gacanka Betoya, kuna taal afka [[Webiga Kert]], 30 km dhanka galbeed ee magaalada [[Nador]], ee gobolka bari ee [[Rif]], waqooyi-bari ee Marooko.&lt;ref name=&quot;ALM&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=30 July 2021 |title=The port of Nador West Med, a new milestone in Morocco's maritime ambition |url=https://www.africalogisticsmagazine.com/?q=en/content/port-nador-west-med-new-milestone-moroccos-maritime-ambition |magazine=Africa Logistics Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybta weelasha xamuulka (koontaynarada) ee Nador West Med waxaa loo naqshadeeyay awood bilow ah oo qaadi karta 3 milyan oo [[Halbeega u dhigma labaatan cagood|TEU]], iyadoo ay jirto suurtogalnimada in la kordhiyo 2 milyan oo TEU oo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;bladi&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 August 2021 |title=Le port Nador West Med, une nouvelle illustration de l'ambition maritime du Maroc |language=fr |url=https://www.bladi.net/megaport-nador-west-med-avance,102499.html |access-date=2021-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Istaraatiijiyadda ==
Mashruucu wuxuu ujeedadiisu tahay in lagu xoojiyo joogitaanka Marooko ee dariiqyada badda ee caalamiga ah. Qiimeynta caalamiga ah ee Marooko ee xiriirka badda waxay ka soo reyneysay kaalinta 78-aad sannadkii 2004 ilaa kaalinta 17-aad sannadkii 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka dib markii la dhameystiray [[Tanger Med]].

== Dhismaha ==
Dhismaha wuxuu bilowday sannadkii 2016 iyadoo markii hore qorshuhu ahaa inuu qaato muddo 60 miehood ah. Qiimaha mashruuca waxaa lagu qiyaasay 7.61 bilyan oo [[Dirhamka Marooko|dirham]] (qiyaastii 800 milyan oo doolarka Mareykanka ah). Dhameystirka waxaa loo qorsheeyay sannadkii 2024 iyadoo la furi doono sannadkii 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;bladi&quot; /&gt;

Sannadkii 2016, isbahaysi caalami ah ayaa ku guuleystay qandaraaska dhismaha ee dekedda Nador West Med.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 March 2016 |title=Le groupement STFA-SGTM-JDN confirme |language=fr |work=Le Matin  |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2016/le-groupement-stfa-sgtm-jdn-confirme/243730.html |access-date=2021-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isbahaysiga wuxuu ka kooban yahay kooxda Marooko ee SGTM, kooxda Luxembourg ee JDN, iyo kooxda Turkiga ee STFA.

== Adeegyada Dekedda ==
Dekedda wajigeeda koowaad waxay lahaan doontaa:
* Gabaadka weyn ee hirarka ka difaaca oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 4,200 mitir
* Gabaad labaad oo dhererkiisu yahay 1,200 mitir
* Terminalka [[shidaalka]] oo leh saddex marin oo saliidda ah (oo hoos u qoto dheer 20 mitir)
* Terminalka [[dhuxul-dhagax|dhuxusha]] oo leh deked dhererkeedu yahay 360 mitir iyo hoos u qoto dheer oo 20 mitir ah
* Terminalka koontaynarada oo leh deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,520 mitir (oo hoos u qoto dheer 18 mitir) iyo dhul baaxadiisu tahay 76 hektar
* Adeegyo kale oo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan terminalka xamuulka guud, mashiinka maraakiibta [[rorka rullaluistemadka|gadiidka xambaara]], iyo dekedda adeegga

Marka loo eego awoodaha sannadlaha ah, Nador waxaa loo qorsheeyay inay qaaddo:
* 25 milyan oo tan oo shidaal ah
* 7 milyan oo tan oo dhuxul-dhagax ah
* 3 milyan oo tan oo hanti kala duwan ah
* 3 milyan oo TEU oo koontaynaro ah, iyadoo ay jirto suurtogalnimada in la gaarsiisiyo ilaa 5 milyan oo TEU

== Goobta Juqraafiyeed ==
Gacanka Betoya waxaa loo doortay goobta uu ku yaal oo istaraatiijiyad ah darteed, isagoo bixinaya:
* Soo gaarid yar oo dhanka hirarka badda ah
* Xaalado topographic iyo bathymetric oo wanaagsan
* U dhowaanshaha dariiqyada badda ee u dhaxeeya [[Kanaalka Suez]] iyo [[Marinka Gibraltar]]
* Helitaanka dhulal dadweyne iyo kuwo gaar loo leeyahay&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Horumarinta iyo Maalgelinta ==
Dhismaha dekedda waxaa qorshuhu yahay inuu ku daro:
* Deked weyn oo biyo qoto dheer ah
* Xarun tamar oo loogu talagalay soo saarista, baakadeynta, iyo kaydinta
* Madal dekedeed oo loogu talagalay gudbinta koontaynarada, soo dejinta-dhoofinta, iyo farsameynta alaabta badan
* Madal warshadeed oo isku dhafan oo loogu talagalay maalgashadayaasha qaranka iyo kuwa shisheeye

Bishii Luulyo 2024, [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]] (AfDB) wuxuu siiyay taageero dhaqaale oo weyn mashruuca:
* Amaah cusub oo dhan 120 milyan oo euro ayaa la bixiyay si loogu maalgeliyo aag warshadeed oo ku yaal dekedda
* Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa wadarta waxqabadka AfDB ee mashaariicda horumarinta ee la xiriira Nador West Med inay gaarto 489.8 milyan oo euro&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=AfDB offers Morocco $260 million in loans for port project, governance |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/afdb-offers-morocco-260-million-loans-port-project-governance-2024-07-26/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |agency=Reuters |date=2024-07-26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dekedda waxaa laga filayaa inay martigeliso terminalkii ugu horreeyay ee Marooko ee gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dareeraha ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyada ==
{{reflist}}

== Links dheeraad ah ==
* {{Official website|https://www.nadorwestmed.ma/}}
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|website=[http://www.nadorwestmed.ma/ NadorWestMed.ma]
}}
'''Nador West Med''' (Nador Med) waa deked [[gudbinta rarka]] oo qorsheysan oo laga dhisayo dalka Marooko, taas oo hadda ka dhisanta Gacanka Betoya, kuna taal afka [[Webiga Kert]], 30 km dhanka galbeed ee magaalada [[Nador]], ee gobolka bari ee [[Rif]], waqooyi-bari ee Marooko.&lt;ref name=&quot;ALM&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=30 July 2021 |title=The port of Nador West Med, a new milestone in Morocco's maritime ambition |url=https://www.africalogisticsmagazine.com/?q=en/content/port-nador-west-med-new-milestone-moroccos-maritime-ambition |magazine=Africa Logistics Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybta weelasha xamuulka (koontaynarada) ee Nador West Med waxaa loo naqshadeeyay awood bilow ah oo qaadi karta 3 milyan oo [[Halbeega u dhigma labaatan cagood|TEU]], iyadoo ay jirto suurtogalnimada in la kordhiyo 2 milyan oo TEU oo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;bladi&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 August 2021 |title=Le port Nador West Med, une nouvelle illustration de l'ambition maritime du Maroc |language=fr |url=https://www.bladi.net/megaport-nador-west-med-avance,102499.html |access-date=2021-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Istaraatiijiyadda ==
Mashruucu wuxuu ujeedadiisu tahay in lagu xoojiyo joogitaanka Marooko ee dariiqyada badda ee caalamiga ah. Qiimeynta caalamiga ah ee Marooko ee xiriirka badda waxay ka soo reyneysay kaalinta 78-aad sannadkii 2004 ilaa kaalinta 17-aad sannadkii 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka dib markii la dhameystiray [[Tanger Med]].

== Dhismaha ==
Dhismaha wuxuu bilowday sannadkii 2016 iyadoo markii hore qorshuhu ahaa inuu qaato muddo 60 miehood ah. Qiimaha mashruuca waxaa lagu qiyaasay 7.61 bilyan oo [[Dirhamka Marooko|dirham]] (qiyaastii 800 milyan oo doolarka Mareykanka ah). Dhameystirka waxaa loo qorsheeyay sannadkii 2024 iyadoo la furi doono sannadkii 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;bladi&quot; /&gt;

Sannadkii 2016, isbahaysi caalami ah ayaa ku guuleystay qandaraaska dhismaha ee dekedda Nador West Med.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 March 2016 |title=Le groupement STFA-SGTM-JDN confirme |language=fr |work=Le Matin  |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2016/le-groupement-stfa-sgtm-jdn-confirme/243730.html |access-date=2021-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isbahaysiga wuxuu ka kooban yahay kooxda Marooko ee SGTM, kooxda Luxembourg ee JDN, iyo kooxda Turkiga ee STFA.

== Adeegyada Dekedda ==
Dekedda wajigeeda koowaad waxay lahaan doontaa:
* Gabaadka weyn ee hirarka ka difaaca oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 4,200 mitir
* Gabaad labaad oo dhererkiisu yahay 1,200 mitir
* Terminalka [[shidaalka]] oo leh saddex marin oo saliidda ah (oo hoos u qoto dheer 20 mitir)
* Terminalka [[dhuxul-dhagax|dhuxusha]] oo leh deked dhererkeedu yahay 360 mitir iyo hoos u qoto dheer oo 20 mitir ah
* Terminalka koontaynarada oo leh deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,520 mitir (oo hoos u qoto dheer 18 mitir) iyo dhul baaxadiisu tahay 76 hektar
* Adeegyo kale oo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan terminalka xamuulka guud, mashiinka maraakiibta [[rorka rullaluistemadka|gadiidka xambaara]], iyo dekedda adeegga

Marka loo eego awoodaha sannadlaha ah, Nador waxaa loo qorsheeyay inay qaaddo:
* 25 milyan oo tan oo shidaal ah
* 7 milyan oo tan oo dhuxul-dhagax ah
* 3 milyan oo tan oo hanti kala duwan ah
* 3 milyan oo TEU oo koontaynaro ah, iyadoo ay jirto suurtogalnimada in la gaarsiisiyo ilaa 5 milyan oo TEU

== Goobta Juqraafiyeed ==
Gacanka Betoya waxaa loo doortay goobta uu ku yaal oo istaraatiijiyad ah darteed, isagoo bixinaya:
* Soo gaarid yar oo dhanka hirarka badda ah
* Xaalado topographic iyo bathymetric oo wanaagsan
* U dhowaanshaha dariiqyada badda ee u dhaxeeya [[Kanaalka Suez]] iyo [[Marinka Gibraltar]]
* Helitaanka dhulal dadweyne iyo kuwo gaar loo leeyahay&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Horumarinta iyo Maalgelinta ==
Dhismaha dekedda waxaa qorshuhu yahay inuu ku daro:
* Deked weyn oo biyo qoto dheer ah
* Xarun tamar oo loogu talagalay soo saarista, baakadeynta, iyo kaydinta
* Madal dekedeed oo loogu talagalay gudbinta koontaynarada, soo dejinta-dhoofinta, iyo farsameynta alaabta badan
* Madal warshadeed oo isku dhafan oo loogu talagalay maalgashadayaasha qaranka iyo kuwa shisheeye

Bishii Luulyo 2024, [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]] (AfDB) wuxuu siiyay taageero dhaqaale oo weyn mashruuca:
* Amaah cusub oo dhan 120 milyan oo euro ayaa la bixiyay si loogu maalgeliyo aag warshadeed oo ku yaal dekedda
* Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa wadarta waxqabadka AfDB ee mashaariicda horumarinta ee la xiriira Nador West Med inay gaarto 489.8 milyan oo euro&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=AfDB offers Morocco $260 million in loans for port project, governance |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/afdb-offers-morocco-260-million-loans-port-project-governance-2024-07-26/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |agency=Reuters |date=2024-07-26 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dekedda waxaa laga filayaa inay martigeliso terminalkii ugu horreeyay ee Marooko ee gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dareeraha ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyada ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda==
* {{Official website|https://www.nadorwestmed.ma/}}
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  <page>
    <title>Marsa Maroc</title>
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      <text bytes="23275" sha1="4ggecpwybwvkfi897s08hjkk8fg2d8g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name = Marsa Maroc
| type = [[Shirkad dadweyne|Dadweyne]]
| traded_as = [[Sarrifka Sanka ee Casablanca|CSE]]: [https://www.casablanca-bourse.com/en/live-market/instruments/MSA MSA]
| logo = Marsamaroc-logo.png
| logo_caption = Astanta Marsa Maroc
| fate = 
| successor = 
| founded = Diseembar 2006
| defunct = 
| hq_location = [[Casablanca]]
| hq_location_country = Marooko
| num_locations = 9
| industry = Maamulka Dekedaha
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
 | Mohammed ABDELJALIL (gudoomiyaha guddiga fulinta)
 | Abdelaziz BOUAMRANI, Wasiirka Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka (gudoomiyaha guddiga kormeerka)
}}
| revenue = 1,952 milyan oo Dirham
| num_employees = 2247 (2012)
| website = [https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/ marsamaroc.co.ma]
}}

'''Marsa Maroc''' waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee maamusha dekedaha dalka [[Marooko]]. Maqaamkeeda sharci waa ''Société Anonyme'' (Shirkad hanti wadaag ah) oo leh Guddi Fulineed oo uu gudoomiye u yahay Mohammed Abdeljalil iyo [[guddiga kormeerka]] oo uu gudoomiye u yahay [[Wasaaradda Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka (Marooko)|Wasiirka Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka]]. Magaca rasmiga ah ee shirkadda waa ''Société d'Exploitation des Ports'' halka Marsa Maroc uu yahay magaca ganacsiga ee loo yaqaano.

== Taariikhda ==
Shirkadda waxaa la aasaasay bishii Diseembar 2006 iyada oo qayb ka ah hirgelinta Sharciga 15-02, oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in dib u habayn lagu sameeyo qaybta dekedaha Marooko. Kahor dib u habayntan, Office d’Exploitation des Ports (ODEP) oo ahayd shirkad dawladu leedahay ayaa mas'uul ka ahayd maamulka dekedaha Marooko. Dib u habayntu waxay abuurtay laba qaybood oo kala madaxbannaan: Agence Nationale des Ports (ANP) oo noqotay hay'adda nidaamisa warshadaha, iyo Société d'Exploitation des Ports oo hadda loo yaqaano Marsa Maroc, taas oo la wareegtay hawlihii ganacsi ee dekedaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;MarsaOverview&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Company Overview |url=https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/our-company/presentation |website=Marsa Maroc |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2007, shirkaddu waxay si rasmi ah u qaadatay magaca ganacsiga ee Marsa Maroc. Intii u dhaxeysay sannadihii 2007 iyo 2008, Marsa Maroc waxay horumarisay qorshayaal istiraatiijiyadeed iyo kuwo ganacsi oo loo yaqaano CAP15. Qorshayaashan ayaa ujeedadoodu ahayd inay shirkadda u diyaariyaan koboc fog iyadoo diiradda lagu saarayo horumarinta terminalada koontaynarada ee dekedaha Marooko iyo dhisidda iskaashi istiraatiijiyadeed oo ku saabsan qaybaha xamuulka badan iyo shidaalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CAP15&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Strategic Vision – CAP 15 |url=https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/strategy/cap15 |website=Marsa Maroc |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii Juun 2009, waxaa la gaaray guul weyn oo xagga fulinta istiraatiijiyadda CAP15 ah markii Marsa Maroc ay heshiis tanaasul ah oo 30 sano ah la saxiixatay Hay'adda Gaarka ah ee Tanger Med (TMSA) kaas oo ku saabsan Terminalka Koontaynarka 4 (CT4) ee dekedda Tanger Med. Sida uu dhigayo heshiisku, Marsa Maroc waxay ballanqaadday inay horumariso dhammaan dhismooyinka sare iyo qalabka looga baahan yahay in lagu shaqeeyo terminalka. CT4 waxaa loo naqshadeeyay sidii goob isticmaalkeedu badan yahay oo leh awood qaadasho oo dhan 2,250,000 TEU, deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,200 mitir, iyo qoto dheer oo biyo ah oo ah 16 mitir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Concession Agreement Signed Between Marsa Maroc and TMSA |url=https://www.portnet.ma/news/ct4-concession-marsa-maroc-tmsa |website=PortNet |date=15 June 2009 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Guul kale ayaa xigtay dekedda Casablanca sannadkii 2009. Taariikhdu markay ahayd 29 Maarso 2010, Boqor [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]] ayaa gudoomiyay dhagax dhigga terminal loogu talagalay farsameynta iyo kaydinta gawaarida. Mashruucan oo ay ku baxday maalgelin dhan 168 milyan oo [[Dirhamka Marooko|dirham]], wuxuu ka koobnaa dhismo daboolan oo baaxadiisu tahay 75,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo awood u leh inay qaaddo 5,000 oo xabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Le Roi lance les travaux du terminal voitures au port de Casablanca |url=https://lematin.ma/express/2010/Port-de-Casablanca-le-Roi-lance-les-travaux-du-terminal-voitures/133081.html |work=Le Matin |date=30 March 2010 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

22-kii Diseembar 2011, Boqor Mohammed VI wuxuu xarigga ka jaray dekedda cusub ee ganacsiga ee biyaha qoto dheer ee ku taal [[Jorf Lasfar]], oo ku taal xeebta Atlaantikada ee dhanka koonfureed ee [[El Jadida]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inauguration du port en eaux profondes de Jorf Lasfar |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2011/12/24000/king-mohammed-vi-inaugurates-jorf-lasfar-port |website=Morocco World News |date=22 December 2011 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiirar muhiim ah ==
Shirkaddu waxay maamushaa sagaal dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko. Waxay leedahay hanti raasumaal ah oo iska diwangelisay oo dhan 733,956,000 [[Dirhamka Marooko|MAD]], dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 1952 milyan oo MAD iyo isku socodka xamuulka caalamiga ah oo dhan 35.5 milyan oo tan. Dhamaadkii sannadkii 2011 waxay lahayd 2,247 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;AR11&quot;&gt;[http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/documents/10157/50206/Rapport+annuel+Marsa+Maroc+VUK+2011.PDF Warbixinta Sannadlaha ah ee 2011], la soo dejiyay: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dekedaha la maamulo ==
Marsa Maroc waxay ka shaqeysaa 9 dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko.

Dekedahaas waa:

=== Dakhla ===
Dekedda [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] waa deked yar marka loo eego kuwa kale, waxaana agabka ugu weyn ee ay qaaddo ay yihiin xamuulka dareeraha ah iyo kalluunka. Waxay shaqaalaysiisaa 22 qof, baaxadda xamuulkuna wuxuu ahaa 311,000 oo tan.&lt;br&gt;
Waxay bixisaa 300 mitir oo dekedo ah oo leh 8 mitir oo qoto dheer ah, 2 wiishashka guura ah iyo adeegyo loogu talagalay maraakiibta kalluumeysiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;dakhla&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/dakhla Dakhla] (Faransiis), la booqday: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Maareeyaha dekedda Dakhla si toos ah uma soo warbixiyo gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta, laakiin wuxuu u soo warbixiyaa maareeyaha Dekedda Laâyoune:&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;&gt;Nooca luqadda Ingiriisiga ee websaydhka Marsa Maroc: [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/organigrammes Shaxda Ururka], la booqday 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Laâyoune ===
Dekedda Laâyoune ama [[El Aaiún]] waxaa maamula Marsa Maroc. Dekeddu waxay bixisaa 3 terminal: Quay 1, 2 iyo 4.&lt;ref name=&quot;laayoune&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa oo faahfaahinaya adeegyada jiro ee [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/laayoune La Ayoune] (Faransiis), la booqday: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Quay 1: dhererkiisu waa 150 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir, wuxuuna leeyahay 9,900 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo dhul ah. Quay 1 waxaa loo isticmaalaa shidaalka iyo ciidda.
* Quay 2: dhererkiisu waa 145 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir. Baaxadda dhulku waa 5,600 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; wuxuuna bixiyaa adeegyo loogu talagalay koontaynarada iyo shidaalka.
* Quay 4: dhererkiisu waa 276 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir. Ujeeddadeeda ugu weyn waa farsameynta macdanta iyo kalluumeysiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;laayoune&quot;/&gt;

=== Agadir ===
Dekedda [[Agadir]] waxay leedahay 4 terminal/dekedood. Wadarta dakhliga wareegtooda waa 3 milyan oo tan iyo ka badan 127,000 oo koontaynaro ah. Waxay shaqo siisaa 230 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay: Websaydhka Marsa oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/agadir Port of Agadir], (Faransiis), la booqday: 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
Afrta dekedood/terminal waa:
* Container Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 280 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 10½ mitir. Waxay leedahay 3 wiishashka koontaynarada ah oo qaadi kara 100t iyo hal qaadi kara 120t.
* Eastern Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 510 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 10½ mitir iyo hal terminal oo Ro-Ro ah (oo dhererkiisu yahay 160 mitir). Agabka ugu weyn ee terminal-kan waa liinta, khudaarta, dhuxul-dhagaxa iyo looxa.
* Mineral terminal: Terminal-kan wuxuu bixiyaa adeegyo loogu talagalay dhoofinta macdanta. Waxay leedahay hal deked oo dhererkeedu yahay 160 mitir iyo qoto dheer oo 15 mitir ah.
* Cruise Terminal: Dekeddan waxay sidoo kale bixisaa 160 mitir oo meel ku xirashada maraakiibta ah oo leh 15 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Ka sokow laba buundo oo loogu talagalay fuulista iyo ka degista, waxay bixisaa dhammaan adeegyada loogu talagalay in lagu maareeyo maraakiibta dalxiiska/rakaabka.

=== Safi ===
Dekedda [[Safi, Morocco|Safi]] waxay leedahay dakhli wareegto sannadle ah oo dhan 2.6 milyan oo tan, 148 qof oo shaqaale ah iyo 3 terminal. Agabka ugu weyn ee lagu maareeyo dekeddan waa: baaruud, barytes, siriq iyo kaarboon.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/safi Port of Safi], (Faransiis), 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Commercial Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 448 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 8½–9½ m. Kaydinta dhulka: 14,400 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo 6,700 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo aag daboolan ah. Qalabka dekeddan waa: laba wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka (40 t), 7 wiish oo goat ah iyo hal wiish oo guura (midkiiba 6 t) iyo laba mashiinada rarka oo awood u leh 250 iyo 550 tan/saacaddii. Agabka ugu weyn ee terminal-kan waa xamuulka engegan oo ay ku jiraan siriqta, dhuxusha naaftada, clinker, iyo [[Baryte|barite]].
* Rive: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 386 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu u dhaxeeyo 10½ iyo 12 mitir. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulka waa 21,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxay bixisaa laba [[wiish gantry]] ah oo ah 28 iyo 19 t. Agabka ugu weyn ee terminalka Rive waa baaruud.
* Northern Quay: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 184 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu u dhaxeeyo 9½ iyo 11 mitir. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulka waa 4,820 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxaa jira hal wiish gantry ah oo 19t ah, agabka ugu weynna waa [[soodhada caustic]].

=== Jorf Lasfar ===
Dekedda [[Jorf Lasfar]] waxay u dhow dahay magaalada [[El Jadida]]. Dekedda waxaa markii hore loo dhisay in lagu dhoofiyo [[fosfaat]]-ka iyo macdanta kale. Maanta waxay inta badan maamushaa agabka adag iyo kuwa dareeraha ah ee xamuulka badan halkar agabka ugu muhiimsan ay ka mid yihiin saliidda, haraaga biraha iyo bacriminta. Waxay leedahay 139 shaqaale ah. Dekeddu waxay leedahay 3 terminal:&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga qaatay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/jorf-lasfar Jorf-Lasfar], (Faransiis), 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

* Commercial Pier: Dhererkiisu waa 250 mitir, qoto dheerka biyuhuna wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 5¼-12½ mitir. Waxay leedahay 3 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan, mid ka mid ahna wuxuu leeyahay buundada ro-ro ee 100 t. Waxay leedahay 3 wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka (awoodoodu tahay 38 - 40 t) iyo 2 wiish oo guura oo 40t ah. Qalabka kale waxaa ka mid ah: fargeetooyinka rarka, cagafyada, mashiinada rarka ee guura iyo noocyo kala duwan oo mashiinada carra-qaadka ah.
* Oil Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 60 mitir oo leh 15.6 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Qalabka rarka waxaa ka mid ah: cududda LPG oo leh awood 880 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h, gacmaha naaftada iyo kiliinka oo leh awood 1,300 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h midkiiba. Terminal-ku wuxuu maareeyaa butane iyo propane LPG iyo shidaalka dareeraha ah (naaftada, kiliinka, batroolka).
* Polyvalent terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 314 mitir oo leh 12½ mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Laba wiish oo guura oo midkiiba yahay 63 t iyo laba mashiinada rarka oo guura oo ah 120m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Tani waa terminalka xamuulka guud.

Cap Blanc du Nord, oo ah [[daarta iftiinka]] ee ku taal albaabka dekedda, waxaa loo yaqaanaa inaysan ahayn mid la isku halayn karo, iyadoo iftiinkeedu mararka qaar uu damo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sailing&quot;&gt;[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y-AeYaLGY1MC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA204 Prostar Sailing Directions 2005: West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa]'' (2005). ProStar Publications. p. 204. {{ISBN|1-57785-660-0}}. Google Books. Waxaa la helay 7 Abriil 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casablanca ===
[[Dekedda Casablanca]] waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee bini'aadamku dhiso ee caalamka.&lt;ref&gt;Looklex oo ku saabsan [http://looklex.com/e.o/casablanca.htm Casablanca], la booqday: 27 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Dekeddu waxay leedahay 4 terminal oo wadar ahaan dakhliga xamuulkoodu yahay 9.6 milyan oo tan, iyo 600,000 oo [[Halbeega u dhigma labaatan cagood|TEU]]. Waxay shaqo siisaa 1,200 oo qof, agabka ugu weyn ee ay maamusho dekedduna waa: macdanta, alaabta birta ah, sonkorta, looxa iyo waxyaabaha ka farcama. Agabka waxaa loo qaadaa sidii koontaynaro, xamuul engegan ama [[Rullaluistemadka-on/rullaluistemadka-off|Ro-Ro]].&lt;br&gt;
Afrta terminal waa&lt;ref name=&quot;casablanca&quot;&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/espace-corporate/casablanca Port of Casablanca], Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

* Eastern Container Terminal: Dhererkiisu waa 600 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 12 mitir, wuxuu leeyahay 4 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulku: 60 [[hektar]]. Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay 8 wiish gantry ah, laba ka mid ahna waa 'post-[[Panamax]]'. Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay awood uu ku farsameeyo 650,000 tue.
* Ro-Ro terminal: Terminalka ro-ro wuxuu bixiyaa laba wiish oo 100t ah qoto dheerkiisuna waa 8 mitir. Waxaa jira awood kaydin oo dhan 5,000 oo xabo waxaana jira 13 cagafyada Ro-Ro ah oo ah 60 ton.
* Multi-purpose terminal: Terminal-ku wuxuu bixiyaa deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,500 mitir oo qoto dheerka biyuhu u dhaxeeyo 9 iyo 10½ mitir kuna yaal 12 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan. Waxay leedahay awood kaydin oo daboolan oo dhan 14,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo 60,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo dhul ah. Maareynta xamuulka waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo 4 wiish oo ah 38 t, 32 wiishashka dekedda ah oo awood u dhaxaysa 6 t iyo 25 t iyo 5 wiish oo guura. Qalabka kale ee guud waxaa ka mid ah: 106 fargeetooyinka rarka ah, 20 cagafyada u dhaxeeya 40 iyo 60 tan, iyo buundooyinka miisaanka. Agabka ugu weyn ee lagu maareeyo terminal-kan waxaa ka mid ah: birta, sonkorta, looxa, cuntada xoolaha iyo iniinta saliidda laga dhaliyo.
* Ore Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 390 mitir oo qoto dheerka biyuhu u dhaxeeyo 9.15 iyo 10.5 mitir. Baaxadda dhulku waa 2.5 hektar. Waxaa jira laba wiish gantry oo macdanta ah oo ah 14t iyo 16t. Sidoo kale 6 wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka oo leh awood 6 t ah ayaa dhameystiraya qalabka maareynta xamuulka ee terminalka macdanta. Ka sokow macdanta, terminal-ku wuxuu kale oo uu maareeyaa haraaga biraha.

=== Mohammedia ===
Dekedda [[Mohammedia]] waxay leedahay dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 12 milyan oo tan waxayna shaqo siisaa 130 qof. Dekeddu waxay ku takhasustay agabka xamuulka dareeraha ah ama petro-chemicals.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Marco ee ku saabsan dekedda [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/mohammedia Mohammedia], (Faransiis), la booqday: 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
Dekeddu waxay u qaybsantaa laba terminal oo weyn:
* Petrochemical terminal: Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay laba meelood oo kala ah A iyo B. Dekeddu waxay dhererkeedu yahay 580 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu yahay ilaa 17 mitir. Waxay leedahay madal rarka oo dhererkeedu yahay 23 mitir, ballarkeeduna yahay 73 mitir. Waxay leedahay shabakad ballaran oo tubooyin ah si loogu raro loona dejiyo batroolka dareeraha ah iyadoo leh 12 nidaam oo loading iyo unloading ah oo leh tubooyin dabacsan. Si loo taageero ku xirashada maraakiibta, waxay leedahay laba [[doon jiidis|doonyaha jiidista]] ah oo midkiiba yahay 6,000 oo [[Awood fardo|hoos-awood fardo]] ah.
* Internal terminal: Terminal-ka 'gudaha' wuxuu leeyahay 3 dekedood oo dhererkeedu yahay 340 mitir iyo qoto dheer u dhaxaysa 6 iyo 6.70 mitir. Waxay leedahay awood kaydin oo daboolan oo dhan 13,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxay leedahay qalab ballaran oo loogu talagalay raridda iyo dejinta iyo shabakad tubooyin ah si loo maareeyo noocyo kala duwan oo dareeraha batroolka ah.

=== Tanger Med ===
[[Tanger-Med]] waa deked ku taal [[Badda Mediterranean-ka]], qiyaastii 40 km dhanka bari ee magaalada [[Tanger]]. Dekeddu waxay bilowday hawlaheeda sannadkii 2007, marka loo eego baaxaddana waxay noqon doontaa dekedda ugu weyn ee Mediterranean-ka iyo dekedda ugu weyn ee [[Afrika]]. Tan iyo markii la furay sannadkii 2007 - iyadoo leh awood bilow ah oo ah 3.5 milyan oo koontaynaro ah oo gaartay awooddeeda ugu sarreysa oo ah 8.5 milyan sannadkii 2015&lt;ref&gt;magharebia.com Jaridda wararka:[http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/newsbriefs/general/2007/05/18/newsbrief-04 Tangier-Med port to be operational in July], 18 Maajo 2007. Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; dekeddu waxay kootay sannadihii la soo dhaafay, iyadoo uu dib u dhac weyn ku yimid sannadkii 2011 markii ay ku dhufteen dhowr shaqo joojinood. Ka sokow terminalka koontaynarada, isticmaalka kale ee muhiimka ah waa xiriirka doonyaha ee taga Spain iyo dhoofinta gawaarida iyadoo loo marayo wershad weyn oo Renault ah: intii u dhaxeysay Jannaayo iyo Agoosto 2013 qiyaastii 86,000 oo gawaarida Renault ah iyo sidoo kale 15,000 oo gawaarida noocyada kale ah ayaa laga dhoofiyay Tanger Med.&lt;ref name=&quot;ansa&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Ansa Med: [http://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/transport/2013/09/11/Transport-Morocco-booming-Tanger-Med-port-huge-success_9281662.html Morocco's booming Tanger Med port a huge success], 11 Sebtember 2013. Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

Marsa Maroc waxay maamushaa terminalka 'xamuulka guud' ee Tanger Med. Terminalada kale waxaa maamula dhinacyo saddexaad iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo muddo dheer ah oo ay la galeen Marsa. Terminalka ay maamusho Marsa wuxuu shaqaalaysiiyaa 74 qof wuxuuna leeyahay dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 300,000 oo tan.&lt;ref name=&quot;tanger&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa Maroc oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/tangermed Tanger Med], Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Terminal-ku wuxuu bixiyaa dekedo dhererkoodu yahay 568 mitir oo leh qoto dheerka biyaha oo u dhaxeeya 12 iyo 15 mitir. Hangarka kaydinta oo ah 5,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ayaa diyaar ku ah dhul baaxadiisu tahay 9.3 ha. Laba wiish oo guura oo leh awoodo kala ah 45 iyo 63 tan iyo 13 fargeetooyinka rarka ah ayaa diyaar u ah in lagu maareeyo badarka iyo agabka xamuulka culus ee guud.

=== Nador Port ===
Dekedda ugu xigta dhanka bari ee ay maamusho Marsa Maroc waa [[Dekedda Nador]]. Dekeddan, waxay wadaagaan dekedaha iyo harada dekedda (ka weyn) ee dhulka Isbaanishka ah ee [[Melilla]]. Dekeddu dhab ahaantii waxay ku taal [[Beni Ansar]], 10 km dhanka bari ee magaalada Nador. Dekeddu waxay leedahay saddex terminal:&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador Nador Port] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107052810/http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador |date=2021-11-07 }}, (Faransiis), Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Terminal 2: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 700 mitir oo leh 13 mitir oo qoto dheer ah iyo 300 mitir oo leh 10 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. 14.7 ha oo aagga kaydinta ah. Waxaa jira afar wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka oo leh awood u dhaxaysa 38 iyo 43 tan iyo saddex wiish oo 10 t ah. Xamuulka ugu weyn waa xamuulka engegan, dhuxul-dhagaxa iyo macdanta.
* Passenger Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 680 mitir oo ku taal 4 qaybood oo ku xirashada maraakiibta ah iyadoo leh buundada ro-ro ee dhanka hore iyo buundooyinka dadka lugaynaya ee ka sarreeya kuwaas oo u oggolaanaya fuulista/ka degista badbaadada leh ee dadka lugaynaya iyadoo aan loo goyn wax gawaari ah oo fuulaya ama ka degaya isku waqtigaas. Buundooyinku waxay ku xirmaan hool weyn oo qaabilaadda ah (3,500m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) oo leh aagga sugitaanka iyo maareynta baasaboorka. Aagga sugitaanka gawaariduna wuxuu bixiyaa 8,000m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo aag har ah oo loogu talagalay gawaarida sugaya inay fuulaan maraakiibta. (Inta badan bixitaannadu waa gelinka dambe ee maalintii, halka imaatinkuna uu yahay inta badan subaxda hore). Terminalka doonyaha wuxuu bixiyaa adeegyo joogto ah oo taga [[Almeria]] (Spain) iyo [[Sète]] ee dalka Faransiiska.
* Hydrocarbon Quay: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 100 mitir oo leh qoto dheerka biyaha oo ah 13 mitir. Agabka lagu farsameeyo terminal-kan waa batroolka iyo butane.

Xafiisyada Dekedda Nador, Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale maamushaa Gare Maritime de [[Al Hoceima]] oo (keliya) ka kooban hool dhan 1,500 m2 iyo 2,700 m2 oo dhul har ah ah. Ma jiro qalab marinno badda ah oo ay Marsa Maroc ku maamusho Al Hoceima.

== Ururka ==
Marsa Maroc waxay leedahay laba hay'adood oo maamula: Guddiga Kormeerka iyo Guddiga Fulinta. Midka dambe ayaa mas'uul ka ah hawlaha maalinlaha ah. Gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta waa Mr. Mohammed Abdeljalil.
Shirkaddu waxay leedahay laba 'nooc oo urur': mid 'guud' ah oo mas'uuliyadaha iyo soo warbixintu ay ku saleysan yihiin shaqada iyo nooca 2-aad oo ku saleysan dekedaha hoos timaada maamulka Marsa. 'Maamulka muhiimka ah' wuxuu ka kooban yahay gudoomiyaha iyo afar maareeyahood:&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;/&gt;
* mr. Mahjoub Bayri - mas'uul ka ah horumarinta Tanger Med
* mr. Yousef Benvani - maareeyaha horumarinta
* mr. Mustafa Sahabi - maareeyaha maaliyadda
* mr. Rachid Hadi - maareeyaha hawlgalka ee Dekedda Casablanca
Sidoo kale 6 maareeyahood oo kale oo loogu talagalay arrimaha xagga agabka bini'aadamka, IT-ga, sharciga, farsamada iwd. waxay sidoo kale u soo warbixiyaan Gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta.

Nidaamkan shaxda ururka ee ku saleysan shaqada ka sokow, waxaa jira maareeyayaal deked kasta ah oo hoos timaada hawlgalka Marsa kuwaas oo si toos ah u soo warbixiya mr. Mohammed Abdeljalil (marka laga reebo dekedda Dakhla, maadaama loo arko qayb ka mid ah dekedda Laâyoune)&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;/&gt;

== Adeegyada ==
Ka sokow maamulka dekedda lafteeda iyo ka dhigista qalabka rarka mid diyaar ah, Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale u fisaa adeegyo dheeraad ah maraakiibta isticmaala dekedahaas. Adeegyadan waxaa ka mid ah:
* Hagidda maraakiibta ee dhammaan dekedaha marka laga reebo Casablanca iyo Jorf-Lasfar halkaas oo adeeggan laga bixiyo shirkad kale
* Jiidista
* Caawinta ku xirashada
* Shidaal ku shubista
Waxa u dheer 'adeegyada la xiriira maraakiibta', Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale u fidin kartaa adeegyo dheeraad ah oo la xiriira maareynta agabka. Iyadoo lala kaashanayo macaamiisha Marsa Maroc waxay ku heshiisayn karaan adeegyo dheeraad ah marka ay maamulayaan xamuulkooda&lt;ref&gt;Websaydhka Marsa [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/nos-services Our services], Waxaa la helay 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Warbixinnada Sannadlaha ah ==
Maadaama ay tahay shirkad hanti wadaag ah shirkaddu waxay daabacdaa warbixinnadeeda sannadlaha ah iyadoo ku qoreysa luqadaha Carabiga, Faransiiska iyo Ingiriisiga&lt;ref&gt;Guudmarka [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/publications publications], la booqday 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo la kaashaneysa ANP (Agence National de Ports) waxay sidoo kale daabacdaa faahfaahin muhiim ah oo ku saabsan dakhliga wareegtoada. Tirooyinkan waxaa lagu faahfaahiyay labadaba nooca alaabta iyo dekedda/goobta. Warbixinnadan ugu dambeeyay laguma heli karo Ingiriis laakiin waxaa lagu daabacaa Faransiis. Warbixintii ugu dambeysay waa warbixinta ANP ee sannadkii 2012&lt;ref&gt;Warbixinnada Sannadlaha ah ee [http://www.anp.org.ma/Espaceprofesionnel/Trafic%20portuaire/Trafic_2012.PDF Agence National des Ports, 2012], Waxaa la helay: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyada ==
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      <text bytes="23440" sha1="gtojg75tavswd577tx4qah1zt8dv8n9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name = Marsa Maroc
| type = [[Shirkad dadweyne|Dadweyne]]
| traded_as = [[Sarrifka Sanka ee Casablanca|CSE]]: [https://www.casablanca-bourse.com/en/live-market/instruments/MSA MSA]
| logo = Marsamaroc-logo.png
| logo_caption = Astanta Marsa Maroc
| fate = 
| successor = 
| founded = Diseembar 2006
| defunct = 
| hq_location = [[Casablanca]]
| hq_location_country = Marooko
| num_locations = 9
| industry = Maamulka Dekedaha
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
 | Mohammed ABDELJALIL (gudoomiyaha guddiga fulinta)
 | Abdelaziz BOUAMRANI, Wasiirka Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka (gudoomiyaha guddiga kormeerka)
}}
| revenue = 1,952 milyan oo Dirham
| num_employees = 2247 (2012)
| website = [https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/ marsamaroc.co.ma]
}}

'''Marsa Maroc''' waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee maamusha dekedaha dalka [[Marooko]]. Maqaamkeeda sharci waa ''Société Anonyme'' (Shirkad hanti wadaag ah) oo leh Guddi Fulineed oo uu gudoomiye u yahay Mohammed Abdeljalil iyo [[guddiga kormeerka]] oo uu gudoomiye u yahay [[Wasaaradda Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka (Marooko)|Wasiirka Qalabka iyo Gaadiidka]]. Magaca rasmiga ah ee shirkadda waa ''Société d'Exploitation des Ports'' halka Marsa Maroc uu yahay magaca ganacsiga ee loo yaqaano.

== Taariikhda ==
Shirkadda waxaa la aasaasay bishii Diseembar 2006 iyada oo qayb ka ah hirgelinta Sharciga 15-02, oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in dib u habayn lagu sameeyo qaybta dekedaha Marooko. Kahor dib u habayntan, Office d’Exploitation des Ports (ODEP) oo ahayd shirkad dawladu leedahay ayaa mas'uul ka ahayd maamulka dekedaha Marooko. Dib u habayntu waxay abuurtay laba qaybood oo kala madaxbannaan: Agence Nationale des Ports (ANP) oo noqotay hay'adda nidaamisa warshadaha, iyo Société d'Exploitation des Ports oo hadda loo yaqaano Marsa Maroc, taas oo la wareegtay hawlihii ganacsi ee dekedaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;MarsaOverview&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Company Overview |url=https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/our-company/presentation |website=Marsa Maroc |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2007, shirkaddu waxay si rasmi ah u qaadatay magaca ganacsiga ee Marsa Maroc. Intii u dhaxeysay sannadihii 2007 iyo 2008, Marsa Maroc waxay horumarisay qorshayaal istiraatiijiyadeed iyo kuwo ganacsi oo loo yaqaano CAP15. Qorshayaashan ayaa ujeedadoodu ahayd inay shirkadda u diyaariyaan koboc fog iyadoo diiradda lagu saarayo horumarinta terminalada koontaynarada ee dekedaha Marooko iyo dhisidda iskaashi istiraatiijiyadeed oo ku saabsan qaybaha xamuulka badan iyo shidaalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CAP15&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Strategic Vision – CAP 15 |url=https://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/strategy/cap15 |website=Marsa Maroc |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii Juun 2009, waxaa la gaaray guul weyn oo xagga fulinta istiraatiijiyadda CAP15 ah markii Marsa Maroc ay heshiis tanaasul ah oo 30 sano ah la saxiixatay Hay'adda Gaarka ah ee Tanger Med (TMSA) kaas oo ku saabsan Terminalka Koontaynarka 4 (CT4) ee dekedda Tanger Med. Sida uu dhigayo heshiisku, Marsa Maroc waxay ballanqaadday inay horumariso dhammaan dhismooyinka sare iyo qalabka looga baahan yahay in lagu shaqeeyo terminalka. CT4 waxaa loo naqshadeeyay sidii goob isticmaalkeedu badan yahay oo leh awood qaadasho oo dhan 2,250,000 TEU, deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,200 mitir, iyo qoto dheer oo biyo ah oo ah 16 mitir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Concession Agreement Signed Between Marsa Maroc and TMSA |url=https://www.portnet.ma/news/ct4-concession-marsa-maroc-tmsa |website=PortNet |date=15 June 2009 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Guul kale ayaa xigtay dekedda Casablanca sannadkii 2009. Taariikhdu markay ahayd 29 Maarso 2010, Boqor [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]] ayaa gudoomiyay dhagax dhigga terminal loogu talagalay farsameynta iyo kaydinta gawaarida. Mashruucan oo ay ku baxday maalgelin dhan 168 milyan oo [[Dirhamka Marooko|dirham]], wuxuu ka koobnaa dhismo daboolan oo baaxadiisu tahay 75,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo awood u leh inay qaaddo 5,000 oo xabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Le Roi lance les travaux du terminal voitures au port de Casablanca |url=https://lematin.ma/express/2010/Port-de-Casablanca-le-Roi-lance-les-travaux-du-terminal-voitures/133081.html |work=Le Matin |date=30 March 2010 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

22-kii Diseembar 2011, Boqor Mohammed VI wuxuu xarigga ka jaray dekedda cusub ee ganacsiga ee biyaha qoto dheer ee ku taal [[Jorf Lasfar]], oo ku taal xeebta Atlaantikada ee dhanka koonfureed ee [[El Jadida]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inauguration du port en eaux profondes de Jorf Lasfar |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2011/12/24000/king-mohammed-vi-inaugurates-jorf-lasfar-port |website=Morocco World News |date=22 December 2011 |access-date=2 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiirar muhiim ah ==
Shirkaddu waxay maamushaa sagaal dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko. Waxay leedahay hanti raasumaal ah oo iska diwangelisay oo dhan 733,956,000 [[Dirhamka Marooko|MAD]], dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 1952 milyan oo MAD iyo isku socodka xamuulka caalamiga ah oo dhan 35.5 milyan oo tan. Dhamaadkii sannadkii 2011 waxay lahayd 2,247 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;AR11&quot;&gt;[http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/documents/10157/50206/Rapport+annuel+Marsa+Maroc+VUK+2011.PDF Warbixinta Sannadlaha ah ee 2011], la soo dejiyay: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dekedaha la maamulo ==
Marsa Maroc waxay ka shaqeysaa 9 dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko.

Dekedahaas waa:

=== Dakhla ===
Dekedda [[Dakhla, Western Sahara|Dakhla]] waa deked yar marka loo eego kuwa kale, waxaana agabka ugu weyn ee ay qaaddo ay yihiin xamuulka dareeraha ah iyo kalluunka. Waxay shaqaalaysiisaa 22 qof, baaxadda xamuulkuna wuxuu ahaa 311,000 oo tan.&lt;br&gt;
Waxay bixisaa 300 mitir oo dekedo ah oo leh 8 mitir oo qoto dheer ah, 2 wiishashka guura ah iyo adeegyo loogu talagalay maraakiibta kalluumeysiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;dakhla&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/dakhla Dakhla] (Faransiis), la booqday: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Maareeyaha dekedda Dakhla si toos ah uma soo warbixiyo gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta, laakiin wuxuu u soo warbixiyaa maareeyaha Dekedda Laâyoune:&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;&gt;Nooca luqadda Ingiriisiga ee websaydhka Marsa Maroc: [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/organigrammes Shaxda Ururka], la booqday 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Laâyoune ===
Dekedda Laâyoune ama [[El Aaiún]] waxaa maamula Marsa Maroc. Dekeddu waxay bixisaa 3 terminal: Quay 1, 2 iyo 4.&lt;ref name=&quot;laayoune&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa oo faahfaahinaya adeegyada jiro ee [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/laayoune La Ayoune] (Faransiis), la booqday: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Quay 1: dhererkiisu waa 150 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir, wuxuuna leeyahay 9,900 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo dhul ah. Quay 1 waxaa loo isticmaalaa shidaalka iyo ciidda.
* Quay 2: dhererkiisu waa 145 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir. Baaxadda dhulku waa 5,600 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; wuxuuna bixiyaa adeegyo loogu talagalay koontaynarada iyo shidaalka.
* Quay 4: dhererkiisu waa 276 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 6.15 mitir. Ujeeddadeeda ugu weyn waa farsameynta macdanta iyo kalluumeysiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;laayoune&quot;/&gt;

=== Agadir ===
Dekedda [[Agadir]] waxay leedahay 4 terminal/dekedood. Wadarta dakhliga wareegtooda waa 3 milyan oo tan iyo ka badan 127,000 oo koontaynaro ah. Waxay shaqo siisaa 230 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay: Websaydhka Marsa oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/agadir Port of Agadir], (Faransiis), la booqday: 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
Afrta dekedood/terminal waa:
* Container Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 280 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 10½ mitir. Waxay leedahay 3 wiishashka koontaynarada ah oo qaadi kara 100t iyo hal qaadi kara 120t.
* Eastern Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 510 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 10½ mitir iyo hal terminal oo Ro-Ro ah (oo dhererkiisu yahay 160 mitir). Agabka ugu weyn ee terminal-kan waa liinta, khudaarta, dhuxul-dhagaxa iyo looxa.
* Mineral terminal: Terminal-kan wuxuu bixiyaa adeegyo loogu talagalay dhoofinta macdanta. Waxay leedahay hal deked oo dhererkeedu yahay 160 mitir iyo qoto dheer oo 15 mitir ah.
* Cruise Terminal: Dekeddan waxay sidoo kale bixisaa 160 mitir oo meel ku xirashada maraakiibta ah oo leh 15 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Ka sokow laba buundo oo loogu talagalay fuulista iyo ka degista, waxay bixisaa dhammaan adeegyada loogu talagalay in lagu maareeyo maraakiibta dalxiiska/rakaabka.

=== Safi ===
Dekedda [[Safi, Morocco|Safi]] waxay leedahay dakhli wareegto sannadle ah oo dhan 2.6 milyan oo tan, 148 qof oo shaqaale ah iyo 3 terminal. Agabka ugu weyn ee lagu maareeyo dekeddan waa: baaruud, barytes, siriq iyo kaarboon.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/safi Port of Safi], (Faransiis), 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Commercial Quay: Dhererkiisu waa 448 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 8½–9½ m. Kaydinta dhulka: 14,400 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo 6,700 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo aag daboolan ah. Qalabka dekeddan waa: laba wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka (40 t), 7 wiish oo goat ah iyo hal wiish oo guura (midkiiba 6 t) iyo laba mashiinada rarka oo awood u leh 250 iyo 550 tan/saacaddii. Agabka ugu weyn ee terminal-kan waa xamuulka engegan oo ay ku jiraan siriqta, dhuxusha naaftada, clinker, iyo [[Baryte|barite]].
* Rive: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 386 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu u dhaxeeyo 10½ iyo 12 mitir. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulka waa 21,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxay bixisaa laba [[wiish gantry]] ah oo ah 28 iyo 19 t. Agabka ugu weyn ee terminalka Rive waa baaruud.
* Northern Quay: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 184 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu u dhaxeeyo 9½ iyo 11 mitir. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulka waa 4,820 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxaa jira hal wiish gantry ah oo 19t ah, agabka ugu weynna waa [[soodhada caustic]].

=== Jorf Lasfar ===
Dekedda [[Jorf Lasfar]] waxay u dhow dahay magaalada [[El Jadida]]. Dekedda waxaa markii hore loo dhisay in lagu dhoofiyo [[fosfaat]]-ka iyo macdanta kale. Maanta waxay inta badan maamushaa agabka adag iyo kuwa dareeraha ah ee xamuulka badan halkar agabka ugu muhiimsan ay ka mid yihiin saliidda, haraaga biraha iyo bacriminta. Waxay leedahay 139 shaqaale ah. Dekeddu waxay leedahay 3 terminal:&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga qaatay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/jorf-lasfar Jorf-Lasfar], (Faransiis), 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

* Commercial Pier: Dhererkiisu waa 250 mitir, qoto dheerka biyuhuna wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 5¼-12½ mitir. Waxay leedahay 3 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan, mid ka mid ahna wuxuu leeyahay buundada ro-ro ee 100 t. Waxay leedahay 3 wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka (awoodoodu tahay 38 - 40 t) iyo 2 wiish oo guura oo 40t ah. Qalabka kale waxaa ka mid ah: fargeetooyinka rarka, cagafyada, mashiinada rarka ee guura iyo noocyo kala duwan oo mashiinada carra-qaadka ah.
* Oil Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 60 mitir oo leh 15.6 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Qalabka rarka waxaa ka mid ah: cududda LPG oo leh awood 880 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h, gacmaha naaftada iyo kiliinka oo leh awood 1,300 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h midkiiba. Terminal-ku wuxuu maareeyaa butane iyo propane LPG iyo shidaalka dareeraha ah (naaftada, kiliinka, batroolka).
* Polyvalent terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 314 mitir oo leh 12½ mitir oo qoto dheer ah. Laba wiish oo guura oo midkiiba yahay 63 t iyo laba mashiinada rarka oo guura oo ah 120m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Tani waa terminalka xamuulka guud.

Cap Blanc du Nord, oo ah [[daarta iftiinka]] ee ku taal albaabka dekedda, waxaa loo yaqaanaa inaysan ahayn mid la isku halayn karo, iyadoo iftiinkeedu mararka qaar uu damo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sailing&quot;&gt;[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y-AeYaLGY1MC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA204 Prostar Sailing Directions 2005: West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa]'' (2005). ProStar Publications. p. 204. {{ISBN|1-57785-660-0}}. Google Books. Waxaa la helay 7 Abriil 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casablanca ===
[[Dekedda Casablanca]] waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee bini'aadamku dhiso ee caalamka.&lt;ref&gt;Looklex oo ku saabsan [http://looklex.com/e.o/casablanca.htm Casablanca] {{Wayback|url=http://looklex.com/e.o/casablanca.htm |date=20101217164820 }}, la booqday: 27 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Dekeddu waxay leedahay 4 terminal oo wadar ahaan dakhliga xamuulkoodu yahay 9.6 milyan oo tan, iyo 600,000 oo [[Halbeega u dhigma labaatan cagood|TEU]]. Waxay shaqo siisaa 1,200 oo qof, agabka ugu weyn ee ay maamusho dekedduna waa: macdanta, alaabta birta ah, sonkorta, looxa iyo waxyaabaha ka farcama. Agabka waxaa loo qaadaa sidii koontaynaro, xamuul engegan ama [[Rullaluistemadka-on/rullaluistemadka-off|Ro-Ro]].&lt;br&gt;
Afrta terminal waa&lt;ref name=&quot;casablanca&quot;&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/espace-corporate/casablanca Port of Casablanca], Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

* Eastern Container Terminal: Dhererkiisu waa 600 mitir, qoto dheerkiisuna waa 12 mitir, wuxuu leeyahay 4 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan. Baaxadda kaydinta dhulku: 60 [[hektar]]. Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay 8 wiish gantry ah, laba ka mid ahna waa 'post-[[Panamax]]'. Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay awood uu ku farsameeyo 650,000 tue.
* Ro-Ro terminal: Terminalka ro-ro wuxuu bixiyaa laba wiish oo 100t ah qoto dheerkiisuna waa 8 mitir. Waxaa jira awood kaydin oo dhan 5,000 oo xabo waxaana jira 13 cagafyada Ro-Ro ah oo ah 60 ton.
* Multi-purpose terminal: Terminal-ku wuxuu bixiyaa deked dhererkeedu yahay 1,500 mitir oo qoto dheerka biyuhu u dhaxeeyo 9 iyo 10½ mitir kuna yaal 12 meelood oo maraakiibtu ku xirtaan. Waxay leedahay awood kaydin oo daboolan oo dhan 14,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; iyo 60,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo dhul ah. Maareynta xamuulka waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo 4 wiish oo ah 38 t, 32 wiishashka dekedda ah oo awood u dhaxaysa 6 t iyo 25 t iyo 5 wiish oo guura. Qalabka kale ee guud waxaa ka mid ah: 106 fargeetooyinka rarka ah, 20 cagafyada u dhaxeeya 40 iyo 60 tan, iyo buundooyinka miisaanka. Agabka ugu weyn ee lagu maareeyo terminal-kan waxaa ka mid ah: birta, sonkorta, looxa, cuntada xoolaha iyo iniinta saliidda laga dhaliyo.
* Ore Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 390 mitir oo qoto dheerka biyuhu u dhaxeeyo 9.15 iyo 10.5 mitir. Baaxadda dhulku waa 2.5 hektar. Waxaa jira laba wiish gantry oo macdanta ah oo ah 14t iyo 16t. Sidoo kale 6 wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka oo leh awood 6 t ah ayaa dhameystiraya qalabka maareynta xamuulka ee terminalka macdanta. Ka sokow macdanta, terminal-ku wuxuu kale oo uu maareeyaa haraaga biraha.

=== Mohammedia ===
Dekedda [[Mohammedia]] waxay leedahay dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 12 milyan oo tan waxayna shaqo siisaa 130 qof. Dekeddu waxay ku takhasustay agabka xamuulka dareeraha ah ama petro-chemicals.&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Marco ee ku saabsan dekedda [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/mohammedia Mohammedia], (Faransiis), la booqday: 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
Dekeddu waxay u qaybsantaa laba terminal oo weyn:
* Petrochemical terminal: Terminal-ku wuxuu leeyahay laba meelood oo kala ah A iyo B. Dekeddu waxay dhererkeedu yahay 580 mitir oo qoto dheerkeedu yahay ilaa 17 mitir. Waxay leedahay madal rarka oo dhererkeedu yahay 23 mitir, ballarkeeduna yahay 73 mitir. Waxay leedahay shabakad ballaran oo tubooyin ah si loogu raro loona dejiyo batroolka dareeraha ah iyadoo leh 12 nidaam oo loading iyo unloading ah oo leh tubooyin dabacsan. Si loo taageero ku xirashada maraakiibta, waxay leedahay laba [[doon jiidis|doonyaha jiidista]] ah oo midkiiba yahay 6,000 oo [[Awood fardo|hoos-awood fardo]] ah.
* Internal terminal: Terminal-ka 'gudaha' wuxuu leeyahay 3 dekedood oo dhererkeedu yahay 340 mitir iyo qoto dheer u dhaxaysa 6 iyo 6.70 mitir. Waxay leedahay awood kaydin oo daboolan oo dhan 13,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Waxay leedahay qalab ballaran oo loogu talagalay raridda iyo dejinta iyo shabakad tubooyin ah si loo maareeyo noocyo kala duwan oo dareeraha batroolka ah.

=== Tanger Med ===
[[Tanger-Med]] waa deked ku taal [[Badda Mediterranean-ka]], qiyaastii 40 km dhanka bari ee magaalada [[Tanger]]. Dekeddu waxay bilowday hawlaheeda sannadkii 2007, marka loo eego baaxaddana waxay noqon doontaa dekedda ugu weyn ee Mediterranean-ka iyo dekedda ugu weyn ee [[Afrika]]. Tan iyo markii la furay sannadkii 2007 - iyadoo leh awood bilow ah oo ah 3.5 milyan oo koontaynaro ah oo gaartay awooddeeda ugu sarreysa oo ah 8.5 milyan sannadkii 2015&lt;ref&gt;magharebia.com Jaridda wararka:[http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/newsbriefs/general/2007/05/18/newsbrief-04 Tangier-Med port to be operational in July], 18 Maajo 2007. Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; dekeddu waxay kootay sannadihii la soo dhaafay, iyadoo uu dib u dhac weyn ku yimid sannadkii 2011 markii ay ku dhufteen dhowr shaqo joojinood. Ka sokow terminalka koontaynarada, isticmaalka kale ee muhiimka ah waa xiriirka doonyaha ee taga Spain iyo dhoofinta gawaarida iyadoo loo marayo wershad weyn oo Renault ah: intii u dhaxeysay Jannaayo iyo Agoosto 2013 qiyaastii 86,000 oo gawaarida Renault ah iyo sidoo kale 15,000 oo gawaarida noocyada kale ah ayaa laga dhoofiyay Tanger Med.&lt;ref name=&quot;ansa&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Ansa Med: [http://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/transport/2013/09/11/Transport-Morocco-booming-Tanger-Med-port-huge-success_9281662.html Morocco's booming Tanger Med port a huge success], 11 Sebtember 2013. Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

Marsa Maroc waxay maamushaa terminalka 'xamuulka guud' ee Tanger Med. Terminalada kale waxaa maamula dhinacyo saddexaad iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo muddo dheer ah oo ay la galeen Marsa. Terminalka ay maamusho Marsa wuxuu shaqaalaysiiyaa 74 qof wuxuuna leeyahay dakhli wareegto ah oo dhan 300,000 oo tan.&lt;ref name=&quot;tanger&quot;&gt;Websaydhka Marsa Maroc oo ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/tangermed Tanger Med], Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Terminal-ku wuxuu bixiyaa dekedo dhererkoodu yahay 568 mitir oo leh qoto dheerka biyaha oo u dhaxeeya 12 iyo 15 mitir. Hangarka kaydinta oo ah 5,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ayaa diyaar ku ah dhul baaxadiisu tahay 9.3 ha. Laba wiish oo guura oo leh awoodo kala ah 45 iyo 63 tan iyo 13 fargeetooyinka rarka ah ayaa diyaar u ah in lagu maareeyo badarka iyo agabka xamuulka culus ee guud.

=== Nador Port ===
Dekedda ugu xigta dhanka bari ee ay maamusho Marsa Maroc waa [[Dekedda Nador]]. Dekeddan, waxay wadaagaan dekedaha iyo harada dekedda (ka weyn) ee dhulka Isbaanishka ah ee [[Melilla]]. Dekeddu dhab ahaantii waxay ku taal [[Beni Ansar]], 10 km dhanka bari ee magaalada Nador. Dekeddu waxay leedahay saddex terminal:&lt;ref&gt;Dhammaan faahfaahinta laga helay websaydhka Marsa Maroc ee ku saabsan [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador Nador Port] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador |date=20211107052810 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107052810/http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/nador |date=2021-11-07 }}, (Faransiis), Waxaa la helay 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
* Terminal 2: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 700 mitir oo leh 13 mitir oo qoto dheer ah iyo 300 mitir oo leh 10 mitir oo qoto dheer ah. 14.7 ha oo aagga kaydinta ah. Waxaa jira afar wiish oo saaran biraha tareenka oo leh awood u dhaxaysa 38 iyo 43 tan iyo saddex wiish oo 10 t ah. Xamuulka ugu weyn waa xamuulka engegan, dhuxul-dhagaxa iyo macdanta.
* Passenger Terminal: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 680 mitir oo ku taal 4 qaybood oo ku xirashada maraakiibta ah iyadoo leh buundada ro-ro ee dhanka hore iyo buundooyinka dadka lugaynaya ee ka sarreeya kuwaas oo u oggolaanaya fuulista/ka degista badbaadada leh ee dadka lugaynaya iyadoo aan loo goyn wax gawaari ah oo fuulaya ama ka degaya isku waqtigaas. Buundooyinku waxay ku xirmaan hool weyn oo qaabilaadda ah (3,500m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) oo leh aagga sugitaanka iyo maareynta baasaboorka. Aagga sugitaanka gawaariduna wuxuu bixiyaa 8,000m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo aag har ah oo loogu talagalay gawaarida sugaya inay fuulaan maraakiibta. (Inta badan bixitaannadu waa gelinka dambe ee maalintii, halka imaatinkuna uu yahay inta badan subaxda hore). Terminalka doonyaha wuxuu bixiyaa adeegyo joogto ah oo taga [[Almeria]] (Spain) iyo [[Sète]] ee dalka Faransiiska.
* Hydrocarbon Quay: Deked dhererkeedu yahay 100 mitir oo leh qoto dheerka biyaha oo ah 13 mitir. Agabka lagu farsameeyo terminal-kan waa batroolka iyo butane.

Xafiisyada Dekedda Nador, Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale maamushaa Gare Maritime de [[Al Hoceima]] oo (keliya) ka kooban hool dhan 1,500 m2 iyo 2,700 m2 oo dhul har ah ah. Ma jiro qalab marinno badda ah oo ay Marsa Maroc ku maamusho Al Hoceima.

== Ururka ==
Marsa Maroc waxay leedahay laba hay'adood oo maamula: Guddiga Kormeerka iyo Guddiga Fulinta. Midka dambe ayaa mas'uul ka ah hawlaha maalinlaha ah. Gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta waa Mr. Mohammed Abdeljalil.
Shirkaddu waxay leedahay laba 'nooc oo urur': mid 'guud' ah oo mas'uuliyadaha iyo soo warbixintu ay ku saleysan yihiin shaqada iyo nooca 2-aad oo ku saleysan dekedaha hoos timaada maamulka Marsa. 'Maamulka muhiimka ah' wuxuu ka kooban yahay gudoomiyaha iyo afar maareeyahood:&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;/&gt;
* mr. Mahjoub Bayri - mas'uul ka ah horumarinta Tanger Med
* mr. Yousef Benvani - maareeyaha horumarinta
* mr. Mustafa Sahabi - maareeyaha maaliyadda
* mr. Rachid Hadi - maareeyaha hawlgalka ee Dekedda Casablanca
Sidoo kale 6 maareeyahood oo kale oo loogu talagalay arrimaha xagga agabka bini'aadamka, IT-ga, sharciga, farsamada iwd. waxay sidoo kale u soo warbixiyaan Gudoomiyaha Guddiga Fulinta.

Nidaamkan shaxda ururka ee ku saleysan shaqada ka sokow, waxaa jira maareeyayaal deked kasta ah oo hoos timaada hawlgalka Marsa kuwaas oo si toos ah u soo warbixiya mr. Mohammed Abdeljalil (marka laga reebo dekedda Dakhla, maadaama loo arko qayb ka mid ah dekedda Laâyoune)&lt;ref name=&quot;orgchart&quot;/&gt;

== Adeegyada ==
Ka sokow maamulka dekedda lafteeda iyo ka dhigista qalabka rarka mid diyaar ah, Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale u fisaa adeegyo dheeraad ah maraakiibta isticmaala dekedahaas. Adeegyadan waxaa ka mid ah:
* Hagidda maraakiibta ee dhammaan dekedaha marka laga reebo Casablanca iyo Jorf-Lasfar halkaas oo adeeggan laga bixiyo shirkad kale
* Jiidista
* Caawinta ku xirashada
* Shidaal ku shubista
Waxa u dheer 'adeegyada la xiriira maraakiibta', Marsa Maroc waxay sidoo kale u fidin kartaa adeegyo dheeraad ah oo la xiriira maareynta agabka. Iyadoo lala kaashanayo macaamiisha Marsa Maroc waxay ku heshiisayn karaan adeegyo dheeraad ah marka ay maamulayaan xamuulkooda&lt;ref&gt;Websaydhka Marsa [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/nos-services Our services], Waxaa la helay 29 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Warbixinnada Sannadlaha ah ==
Maadaama ay tahay shirkad hanti wadaag ah shirkaddu waxay daabacdaa warbixinnadeeda sannadlaha ah iyadoo ku qoreysa luqadaha Carabiga, Faransiiska iyo Ingiriisiga&lt;ref&gt;Guudmarka [http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/en/publications publications], la booqday 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo la kaashaneysa ANP (Agence National de Ports) waxay sidoo kale daabacdaa faahfaahin muhiim ah oo ku saabsan dakhliga wareegtoada. Tirooyinkan waxaa lagu faahfaahiyay labadaba nooca alaabta iyo dekedda/goobta. Warbixinnadan ugu dambeeyay laguma heli karo Ingiriis laakiin waxaa lagu daabacaa Faransiis. Warbixintii ugu dambeysay waa warbixinta ANP ee sannadkii 2012&lt;ref&gt;Warbixinnada Sannadlaha ah ee [http://www.anp.org.ma/Espaceprofesionnel/Trafic%20portuaire/Trafic_2012.PDF Agence National des Ports, 2012], Waxaa la helay: 30 Oktoobar 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyada ==
{{Reflist|33em}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mohammedia</title>
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| name = Mohammedia
| native_name = {{lang|ar|المحمدية}}
| nickname = 
| settlement_type = [[Liiska magaalooyinka Marooko|Magaalo]]
| motto = &lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
  | photo1a = Grand complexe commercial avec résidence à Mohamedia (Fdala).JPG
  | photo2a = Le parc des villes jumelées Mohammedia.jpg
  | photo2b = Mohammedia Prefecture.jpg
  | photo3a = La cathédrale de mohamedia (Fdala).jpg
  | size = 275
  | spacing = 2
  | color = transparent
  | border = 0
}}
| imagesize = 
| image_caption = 
| image_flag = 
| flag_size = 
| image_seal = 
| seal_size = 
| image_shield = 
| shield_size = 
| image_map = 
| mapsize = 
| map_caption = 
| pushpin_map = Morocco#Africa
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Marooko
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| subdivision_type = Dalka
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Morocco}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Marooko|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Casablanca-Settat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Ururrada gobollada iyo gobollada Marooko|Guddoonka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mohammedia Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type3 = 
| subdivision_name3 = &lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type = 
| leader_title = Duqa magaalada
| leader_name = Hicham Aït Manna&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hicham Aït Mana appointed as new mayor of Mohammedia|url=https://www.mjtnews.com/2021/09/20/hicham-ait-mana-rni-is-the-new-mayor-of-mohammedia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201200631/https://www.mjtnews.com/2021/09/20/hicham-ait-mana-rni-is-the-new-mayor-of-mohammedia|archive-date=1 Dec 2022|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
| leader_name1 = 
| established_title = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date = &lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
| area_magnitude = 
| unit_pref = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_land_km2 = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;| population_as_of = 2024
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=census2024&gt;{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601155247/https://www.hcp.ma/file/242342/ |title=
Population légale du Royaume du Maroc répartie par régions, provinces et préfectures et communes selon les résultats du Recensement général de la population et de l’habitat 2024
 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=7 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_note = 
| population_total = 194,358
| population_density_km2 = 
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_metro = 
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha
| population_blank1 = 
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = &lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| coordinates = {{coord|33|41|N|7|23|W|region:MA|display=inline}}
| elevation_footnotes = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_ft = &lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
| postal_code_type = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code = 
| area_code = 
| blank_name = 
| blank_info = 
| blank1_name = 
| blank1_info = 
| website = 
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Mohammedia''' ({{langx|ar|المحمدية|al-Muḥammadiyya}}), waxa loo yaqaanay ilaa 1960 '''Fedala''' ({{langx|ar|فضالة|Faḍāla}}), waa magaalo xeebeed deked leh oo ku taal xeebta galbeed ee [[Marooko]] una dhaxaysa [[Casablanca]] iyo [[Rabat]] ee gobolka [[Casablanca-Settat]]. Waxay martigelisaa sifeeyaha saliidda ee ugu muhiimsan Marooko, Samir Refinery, taas oo ka dhigaysa xarunta warshadaha batrooolka ee Marooko. Waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaadhayso 514,057 qof marka loo eego qiyaasta 2024.&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=3 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
=== Taariikhda hore ===
[[File:ETH-BIB-Fedallah, Farm Egli, Gurbi, Übersicht-Dia 247-09235.tif|left|thumb|Beer ku taal Fedallah sanadkii 1936.]]
[[File:Bab al kasbah Mohammedia.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Albaabka laga galo Kasbah iyo Masaajidka Al Atik oo ka muuqda gadaal]]Dekedda, oo hadda ah Mohammedia, waxaa markii hore loo yaqaanay Fedala ({{lang|ar|فضالة}}). Magaca wuxuu ka yimid ereyada [[Carabi|Arabiga]] ah ee ''Fadl Allah'' ({{lang|ar|فضل الله}}) oo la dhaho &quot;fadliga Ilaah&quot;. Sida uu sheegay Graberg de Hemsö, wuxuu ka yimid ''Fayḍ Allāh'', oo la dhaho &quot;deeqda Ilaah&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Adam |first=A. |title=Faḍāla |date=2012-04-24 |work=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadala-SIM_2219 |access-date=2024-03-10 |publisher=Brill |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa weli jira raadad muujinaya doorkeedii ganacsi xilligii [[Khilafadii Almoravid]]. Waxaa qarniyadii 14-aad iyo 15-aad ku soo badbaadi jiray [[markab ganacsi|maraakiibta ganacsiga]] ee ka imaanayay Yurub si ay u raadsadaan badarka iyo khudaarta qallalan.

Sanadkii 1773, Suldaan Sidi [[Mohammed ben Abdallah]] wuxuu Fédala ka dhigay maqal badar oo gobolka [[Tamasna]] ah wuxuuna dhisay Kasbah si uu u ilaaliyo dukaamada ganacsatada. Wuxuu kaloo dhisay masaajidka cad ee Al Atik.

===Maxmiyaddii Faransiiska===
[[File:German officers captured in French Morocco army.mil-2008-10-30-1225389725.jpg|thumb|200px|Saraakiil Jarmal ah oo lagu qabtay Fedala, 1943]]
Xilligii ka horreeyay gumeysiga, tartankii u dhexeeyay [[quwadaha reer Galbeedka]] si ay u hubiyaan ka faa'iidaysiga dhaqaale ee [[Afrika]] wuxuu ka dambeeyay isku biiridda danaha reer Yurub ee dekedaha Marooko. Gobolka Fédala, qoyska Jarmalka ah ee Mannesmann waxay iibsadeen dhul weyn.

Heshiiskii November 4, 1911 ee u dhexeeyay [[Faransiiska]] iyo [[Jarmalka]] ee ku saabsanaa qaybinta Afrika wuxuu ku khasbay qoyska Mannesmann inay ka tanaasulaan dhulkii ay u hayeen Georges iyo Jacques Hersent, oo ahaa laba nin oo warshadleey Faransiis ah, kuwaas oo ogaaday jiritaanka gacmo-badeed dabiici ah, oo qiimo weyn u lahaa abuurista deked weyn oo qiimo jaban.

Kooxda Hersent waxay aasaaseen shirkadda Franco-Moroccan sanadkii 1912 waxayna aasaaseen shirkadda dekedda sanadkii 1914 oo door hoggaamineed ka qaatay horumarinta Fédala. Koritaanka degdegga ah ee magaalada wuxuu ka bilaabmay agagaarka dekedda, taas oo u oggolaatay horumarinta warshado kala duwan sida qasadeynta waxyaabaha badda, warshadaha beeraha, harag-warshadaynta, dharka, iwm..

Magaalada xeebeedka waxay qaabaysantay sanadkii 1925 waxaana dhisay Esplanade sanadkii 1938. Dhismaha khadka badda ee sanadkii 1951 wuxuu Fédala ka dhigay dekeddii ugu horreysay uguna casrisanayd ee saliidda ee Waqooyiga Afrika.

Kaniisadda Saint James (Saint Jacques), oo fiirisa fagaaraha weyn, waxaa dhisay sanadkii 1934 Jean iyo Georges Hersent, si loo xasuusto wiilkooda iyo wiilka ay adeerka u ahaayeen Jacques (3 February 1893 - 26 July 1917), oo ku dhintay Marne xilligii [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= Histoire de la paroisse 
|publisher=Website of the Church of Saint Jacques 
|year=2012
|url=http://eglisesaintjacquesmohammedia.blogspot.fr/p/histoire-de-la-paroisse.html
|access-date=2013-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Dagaalkii Fedala====
Ciidanka Mareykanka ayaa ku soo duulay Fédala iyagoo ka yimid Badweynta Atlantiga November 8, 1942, iyadoo qayb ka ahayd [[Hawlgalkii Torch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HyperWar: US Army in WWII: Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative In the West |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-NWA/USA-MTO-NWA-7.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.ibiblio.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duullaanka waxaa fuliyay Kooxda Weerarka Dhexe ee Ciidanka Galbeedka kuwaas oo ku degay xeebta Atlantiga ee Marooko. Soo degitaanku wuxuu bilaabmay 4-tii aroornimo.

===Magaalada cusub===
[[File:Mohammed V of Morocco.jpg|thumb|Sanadkii 1960, magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray boqorkii xukumayay [[Boqorka Marooko]], [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]]]]
{{Tone|section|date=March 2022}}
Fédala waxaa loogu magac daray Mohammedia 25 June 1960 si loogu sharfo Boqor [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]], dhisiyihii [[Taariikhda Marooko|madaxbannaanida Marooko]], munaasabaddii dhagax-dhigga sifeeyaha saliidda ee Samir. Magaca cusub wuxuu muujinayaa dabeecadda casriga ah ee magaaladan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MOHAMMEDIA {{!}} Centre Régional d'Investissement de Casablanca-Settat |url=https://www.casainvest.ma/en/casablanca-settat-region/prefectures-provinces/mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.casainvest.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maanta, magaaladu waxay u adeegtaa sidii goob dalxiis xeebeed iyo xarun wax-soo-saar labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mohammedia {{!}} Coastal City, Industrial Hub, Mediterranean Port {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mohammedia sidoo kale waa magaalo dalxiis oo ka kooban goobaha goolfka, naadiga teniska iyo hawlo kale oo banyak oo madadaalo ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, dadku waxay u yaqaanaan {{Transliteration|ar|madinat lwurud wa riyada}} oo la dhaho &quot;magaalada ubaxa iyo isboortiga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Morocco’s Mohammedia offers calm and flowers in Ramadan {{!}} Faisal Abdul Hassan {{!}} AW |url=https://thearabweekly.com/moroccos-mohammedia-offers-calm-and-flowers-ramadan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821082506/https://thearabweekly.com/moroccos-mohammedia-offers-calm-and-flowers-ramadan |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=AW |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, xeebaha Mohammedia ee &quot;Sablet &amp; Mimosa&quot; waxay soo jiiteen dad banyak oo ka yimid Casablanca, iyo magaalooyinka u dhow. Sablet iyo Mimosa waxay ku jireen horumarin, iyadoo la dhisay guryo cusub oo xeebta ah, fiilooyin, and maalgashi dheeraad ah oo lagu sameeyay ganacsiyada yaryar taas oo abuurtay shaqooyin banyak. Xagaagu si fudud waa xilliga ugu fiican ee Mohammedia maadaama ay jirto ka qasnaan banyak sababo la xiriira kororka dadka. Waxaa jira hawlo banyak oo dibadda ah oo ay ku jiraan kubbadda kolayga, kubbadda cagta, dhex-galka hirarka, iyo kaluumeysiga. Nolosha habeenkii waa khibrad weyn oo laga qayb qaato, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr kafeeyaal, maqaayado, naadiyo, iyo marin xeebeed. Laba ka mid ah aagagga la dego ee xeebta oo ah meelo u fiican fasaxa waa &quot;Residence of Oubaha&quot; iyo &quot;Palm Beach.&quot; Waxaa jira dhowr mashaariic oo kale oo ka socda magaalada Mohammedia iyo sidoo kale kaabayaalla dhaqaalaha ee magaalada oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Casa Aménagement – Vecteur de développement territorial |url=https://www.casa-amenagement.ma/en/mediatheques/corniche-de-mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.casa-amenagement.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt;

22 December 2022, qarax weyn ayaa dhacay ka dib markii xarun lagu kaydiyo gaaska ay gubatay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=دعوات نقابية بفتح تحقيق في أسباب تسرب الغاز بحريق المحمدية |url=https://alyaoum24.com/1756496.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=اليوم 24 – أخبار اليوم على مدار الساعة |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maamulka ayaa sheegay inaysan jirin wax khasaare ah oo dadka soo gaaray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco: Explosion reported at gas storage facility near Mohammedia Port Dec. 22 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2022/12/morocco-explosion-reported-at-gas-storage-facility-near-mohammedia-port-dec-22 |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Morocco: Explosion reported at gas storage facility near Mohammedia Port Dec. 22 {{!}} Crisis24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qoysaska iyo muwaadiniinta degganaa meel u dhow xarunta ayaa isaga barakacay hareeraha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aamari |first=Oussama |title=Mohammedia Gas Storage Facility Goes Up in Flames |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/12/353176/mohammedia-gas-storage-facility-goes-up-in-flames |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=moroccoworldnews |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=حريق في مستودعات الغاز يهز المحمدية |url=https://www.hespress.com/حريق-في-مستودعات-الغاز-يهز-المحمدية-1097006.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kadib 2 saacadood oo dhacdadaas ah, maamulka deegaanka ayaa xakameeyay dabkii ka dhashay qaraxa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=Local authorities in Mohammedia say fires successfully contained |url=https://en.hespress.com/55655-local-authorities-in-mohammedia-say-fires-successfully-contained.html |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=HESPRESS English - Morocco News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafiga==

=== Goobta ===
Mohammedia waxay ku taal dhinacada Badweynta Atlantiga {{convert|15|mi|0|abbr=off|order=flip}} Waqooyi-bari ee [[Casablanca]]. Waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa meelaha ay ka soo baxaan webiyada Oued El-Maleh iyo Oued Nfifikh waxaana xuduud la leh Badweynta Atlantiga dhanka Waqooyiga, [[Ben Slimane Province]] dhanka Bari iyo Koonfurta, iyo guddoonka Sidi Bernoussi-Zenata dhanka Galbeed.

===Cimilada===
Mohammedia waxay leedahay [[cimilada Mediterranean-ka ee kuleylka xagaaga]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] Csa). Saamaynta dhexdhexaadinta ee Badweynta Atlantiga waxay si xoog leit u saameysaa cimilada magaalada waxayna ka dhigtaa jiilaalkeeda mid jilicsan oo diiran, xagaaguna mid kulul oo qabow. Mohammedia waxay ku raaxaysataa qorrax badan sanadka oo dhan iyadoo leh roobab la qiyaasi karo sanadkii.

Muddada u dhaxaysa November ilaa April waa mid qaboow oo roobab leh iyadoo heerkulka sare uu celcelis ahaan yahay {{convert|63|to|70|F|C|order=flip}} halka kan ugu hooseeyana uu yahay {{convert|46|to|53|F|C|order=flip}}, si kastaba ha ahaatee heerkulku mararka qaar wuxuu hoos ugu dhici karaa qiyaastii {{convert|36|°F|0|order=flip}} subaxdii, ama wuxuu gaari karaa ilaa {{convert|75|°F|0|order=flip}} maalmo yar inta lagu jiro jiilaalka.

Muddada u dhaxaysa May ilaa October waa mid diiran ilaa kulayl iyo qallayl iyadoo heerkulka sare uu celcelis ahaan yahay {{convert|72|to|79|F|C|order=flip}} halka kan ugu hooseeyana uu yahay {{convert|59|to|68|F|C|order=flip}}, laakiin heerkulku wuxuu dhaafi karaa {{convert|90|°F|0|order=flip}} mararka qaarna wuxuu gaaraa {{convert|104|°F|0|order=flip}}.

Roobka badankiis wuxuu da'aa November ilaa April, celceliska roobka sanadkiina waa qiyaastii 432&amp;nbsp;mm. Roobabku inta badan waxay u da'aan qaab roobab fudud, laakiin mararka qaar waxaa jira roobab waaweyn iyo onkod.

{{Weather box
|location = Mohammedia
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 17
|Feb high C = 18
|Mar high C = 19
|Apr high C = 20
|May high C = 22
|Jun high C = 24
|Jul high C = 26
|Aug high C = 26
|Sep high C = 26
|Oct high C = 24
|Nov high C = 21
|Dec high C = 18
|Jan low C = 8
|Feb low C = 9
|Mar low C = 11
|Apr low C = 12
|May low C = 15
|Jun low C = 18
|Jul low C = 20
|Aug low C = 20
|Sep low C = 19
|Oct low C = 16
|Nov low C = 13
|Dec low C = 10
|Jan precipitation mm = 64
|Feb precipitation mm = 59
|Mar precipitation mm = 52
|Apr precipitation mm = 43
|May precipitation mm = 20
|Jun precipitation mm = 6
|Jul precipitation mm = 1
|Aug precipitation mm = 1
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 30
|Nov precipitation mm = 77
|Dec precipitation mm = 75
|source 1 = msn Weather &lt;ref name=&quot;weather1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web
| url =http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?wealocations=wc:MOXX0006&amp;q=Mohammedia%2c+MAR+forecast:averagesm| title =Average Conditions Mohammedia, Morocco
| publisher = msn Weather}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date = August 2010}}

==Qaybaha==
Gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa dhanka maamulka sida seo soo socota:&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lavieeco.com/documents_officiels/Recensement%20population.pdf|title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat de 2004|publisher=Haut-commissariat au Plan, Lavieeco.com|access-date=27 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Magaca !! Lambarka juqraafiga !! Nooca !! Guryaha !! Dadka (2004)!! Dadka ajnabiga ah !! Dadka Marookanka ah !! Faallo
|-
| Mohammedia || 371.01.01. || Degmo || 39154 || 188619 || 1240 || 187379 || 
|-
| [[Aïn Harrouda]] || 371.01.03. || Degmo || 8417 || 41853 || 56 || 41797 || 
|-
| [[Bni Yakhlef]]|| 371.03.01. || Jameeco miyi || 5975 || 29723 || 10 || 29713 || 11490 degane waxay ku nool yihiin xarunta, oo loo yaqaan [[Ben Yakhlef]]; 18233 degane waxay ku nool yihiin aagagga miyiga ah.
|-
| [[Ech-Challalate]]|| 371.03.03. || Jameeco miyi || 7970 || 40311 || 21 || 40290 || 
|-
| [[Sidi Moussa Ben Ali]]|| 371.03.05. || Jameeco miyi || 1666 || 9368 || 1 || 9367 || 
|-
| [[Sidi Moussa Majdoub]]|| 371.03.07. || Jameeco miyi || 2502 || 12412 || 8 || 12404 || 
|-
|}

==Tirada dadka==
Dadka ku nool Mohammedia waxay ku korayaan xawaare dheereeya. Magaalada, oo lahayd dad tiradoodu tahay kaliya 500 qof sanadkii 1914, waxay hadda hoy u tahay qiyaastii 204,000 oo qof. Dadka ku nool guddoonka Mohammedia waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 336,000 oo qof iyadoo celceliska [[cufnaanta dadka]] ay tahay {{convert|5000|PD/km2}}.
Dhammaan kooxaha dadka ee Boqortooyada Marooko ayaa laga helaa gobolkan. Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degganaa magaalada waxay ahaayeen qabaa'ilka [[Zenata]], kuwaas oo ay hadda ka harmeen tiro yar, oo u qaybsan dhanka dhulka inta u dhaxaysa Mohammedia iyo guddoonada deriska la ah. Qabiil kale oo Carab ah oo ka yimid [[Muritaniya]], oo loo yaqaan Mjedba, ayaa degay inta u dhaxaysa Fédala iyo [[Médiouna Province|Mediouna]] saddex qarni ka hor, haddana waxay laba laab ka badan yihiin Zenata.
{| align=&quot;center&quot; rules=&quot;all&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid #999; border-right: 2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999; background: #f3fff3&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em&quot;| Horumarka tirada dadka
|-style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot;
! 1994 !! 2004 !! 2010
!'''2014'''
!2024
|-
| align=center | {{formatnum:170063}} || align=center | {{formatnum:188619}} || align=center | {{formatnum:203748}}
|208.612
|194,358 (Magaalo)
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;small&gt; 1994, 2004: tirakoob rasmi ah; 2010: 2014, 2024&lt;/small&gt;
|}

==Waxbarashada==
{{expand section|date=June 2016}}
Tan iyo horaantii 1980-yadii, magaalada Mohammedia waxay soo jiidatay machadyo jaamacadeed. Waxay leedahay saddex kuleej iyo laba machadood oo sare, kuwaas oo ay iska diiwaangeliyeen qiyaastii 25,000 oo arday:

# Kuleejka Farshaxanka iyo Cilmiga Aadanaha
# Kulliyadda Sharciga, Dhaqaalaha iyo Cilmiga Bulshada
# Kulliyadda Cilmiga iyo Tignoolajiyada ee Mohammedia (FSTM)
# Dugsiga Sare ee Qaranka ee Waxbarashada Farsamada (ENSET)
# Machadka Sare ee Tignoolajiyada la dabaqay ee Dalxiiska iyo Huteelada (ISTAH)

Waxaa kale oo jira machadyo kale oo waxbarasho oo ku yaal Mohammedia:

# Machadka Sare ee Tignoolajiyada la dabaqay ee Lacollines (ISTA)
# Machadka Sare ee Warshadaha ee Mohammedia (ISIM)
# Xarunta Dhaqan-celinta Xirfadaha ee Yasmina (CQP)
# Xarunta Tababarka Dekedda (CFA)

Magaaladu waxay kaloo leedahay dugsi caalami ah oo Faransiis ah, [[Groupe Scolaire Claude Monet]], oo u adeega qaybta ''moyenne section'' ilaa ''collège'' (dugsiga dhexe).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.aefe.fr/reseau-scolaire-mondial/rechercher-un-etablissement/maroc-mohammedia-groupe-scolaire-claude-monet Groupe scolaire Claude-Monet].&quot; [[AEFE]]. Retrieved on June 16, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Degmada ==
Mohammedia, oo cabbirkeedu si weyn u kordhay intii lagu jiray qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad, waxay noqonaysaa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Marooko. Xaafado cusub ayaa laga dhisay dhammaan qaybaha magaalada, dad badanna waxay ku nool yihiin magaalada dhexdeeda.

Magaaladu waxay u qaybsantaa 2 aag oo waaweyn oo kala duwan, aagga Kasbah, iyo degmada Al-Alia.

===Aagga Kasbah===
[[File:Mohammedia Prefecture.jpg|thumb|300px|Guddoonka Mohammedia]]
Aaggan ay ku taal Kasbah wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Waddada Souss ilaa qaybta Al-Wafaa. Wuxuu u taagan yahay wadnaha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada wuxuuna calaamadeeyay tanaasul ku meel gaar ah oo u dhexeeya dhismaha dhismooyinka casriga ah iyo taallooyinka, iyo qaababka magaaladii hore ee Medina. Ganacsiyo iyo adeegyo banyak ayaa ka jira waddooyinka cidhiidhiga ah ee Kasbah iyo boulevards-ka agagaarka ah, sida ganacsatada dharka, ganacsatada dhogorta iyo iibiyayaaska khudaarta. Aaggan, oo u taagan badhtamaha magaalada, wuxuu kaloo martigeliyaa maamulo banyak, masaajido, maqaayado, huteelo iyo jardiinooyin.
* Qaybaha: Kasbah, Al-Wafaa, Al-Marsa, Dyour Al-Qraii.
* Meelaha caanka ah: Jardiinada Magaalooyinka Mataanaha ah, Mohamed V boulevard, Corniche.
* Kaabayaasha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa: Saldhigga tareenka, Cisbitaalka Moulay Abdellah, Guddoonka, Garoonka Bachir.

===Al-Alia===
[[File:Mohammedia theater.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Masraxa degmada ee Mohammedia]]
Degmadan waxay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee magaalada ee joog weyn oo buur ah, taas oo siinaysa magaca Al-Alia oo la dhaho dhanka sare. Waxaa la dhisay sanadkii 1948 si xal loogu helo dhibaatada guryaha cooshadaha ah, halkar ay ku noolaayeen dadka miyiga ah, oo ay soo jiidatay horumarka warshadaha ee magaalada iyagoo raadinaya shaqo.

Maanta, degmadu waxay la mid tahay magaalo yar oo si joogto ah u fidaysa, oo ku qalabaysan dhammaan tas-hiilaadkii loo baahnaa.
* Qaybaha hore: El Hassania, Derb Marrakech, Diour Doukkala, Derb Jamila, Derb Ourida, Derb Fath, Derb Douchmane, Riyad Salam, Derb Laâyoune, Hay Al-Houria.
* Qaybaha cusub: Hay El-Falah, Anfa, Rachidia, Hay Reda, Hay Nasr, Hay el-Fajr, La Colline, Hay Al-Wahda.
* Kaabayaasha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa: Masraxa Degmada, Saldhigga Basaska.

==Dhaqaalaha iyo gaadiidka==
===Dekedda===
Dekedda Mohammedia waxay ku takhasustay dareeraha banyak iyo batrooolka-kiimikada.&lt;ref name=&quot;marsamaroc-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/mohammedia |website=marsamaroc.co.ma |publisher=[[MarsaMaroc]] |access-date=17 April 2020|title=Port de Mohammedia }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mohammedia waxay soo dejisataa saliidda cayriin waxaana la sifeeyaa marka ay tusto. Dekeddu waxay dhoofisaa kalluunka, koloriinta, iyo sodium carbonate oo laga soo saaro warshadaha waaweyn ee magaalada dhexdeeda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Morocco {{!}} History, Map, Flag, Capital, People, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Abderrahim Achchakir]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee caalami ah
*[[Abraham Serfaty]], Dhaqdhaqaaqe siyaasadeed ee Marookan ah.
*[[Eric Besson]], Siyaasi Faransiis ah.
*[[Ahmed Faras]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah ee Marooko.
*[[Noureddine Ziyati]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah.
*[[Tarik El Jarmouni]], Goolhayaha kubbadda cagta ee Marooko.
*[[Reda El Amrani]], Ciyaaryahan tenniska ee Marookan ah.
*[[Jannat Mahid]], Heesaa Marookan ah.
*[[Mohamed Al Hachdadi]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda laliska ee caalami ah.
* [[Marwane Saâdane]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah.
* [[Abdelatif Noussir]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah
*[[Noureddine Kacemi]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah
* [[Hassan Amcharrat]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah.
* [[Tarik El Jarmouni]], Goolhayahii hore ee caalamiga ah.
* [[Tarik Tnibar]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ah.
* [[Rachid Rokki]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah.

==Xiriirka Caalamiga ah==
{{See also|List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Morocco|l1=Liiska magaalooyinka mataanaha ah iyo magaalooyinka walaalaha ah ee Marooko}}

===Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah - Magaalooyinka walaalaha ah===
Mohammedia waxay [[Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah iyo magaalooyinka walaalaha ah|mataano]] la tahay:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|BEL}}

'''[[Ghent]]''', Beljam ilaa 1982&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghent twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/4/216.cmVjPTEyNDIxNQ.html|title=Ghent Zustersteden|access-date=2013-07-20|work=Stad Gent|publisher=City of Ghent|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|LBY}}

'''[[Zawiya, Libya|Zawiya]]''', [[Liibiya]] ilaa 2006
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Perpignan]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2009
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Belfort]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2010
|
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Dreux]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2010
*{{flagicon|RUS}}

'''[[Noginsk]]''', Ruushka ilaa 2010&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=142117l Résultats de la recherche pour : Maroc] (french)&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|PRC}}

'''[[Jiangyin]]''', Shiinaha ilaa 2011&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=147705 Résultats de la recherche pour : Maroc] (french)&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Xigasho==
{{Commons category|Mohammedia City}}
{{Reflist}}
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      <text bytes="25354" sha1="bttsga83kguo5cfbbrbnyfejah2aoa1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mohammedia
| native_name = {{lang|ar|المحمدية}}
| nickname = 
| settlement_type = [[Liiska magaalooyinka Marooko|Magaalo]]
| motto = &lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
  | photo1a = Grand complexe commercial avec résidence à Mohamedia (Fdala).JPG
  | photo2a = Le parc des villes jumelées Mohammedia.jpg
  | photo2b = Mohammedia Prefecture.jpg
  | photo3a = La cathédrale de mohamedia (Fdala).jpg
  | size = 275
  | spacing = 2
  | color = transparent
  | border = 0
}}
| imagesize = 
| image_caption = 
| image_flag = 
| flag_size = 
| image_seal = 
| seal_size = 
| image_shield = 
| shield_size = 
| image_map = 
| mapsize = 
| map_caption = 
| pushpin_map = Morocco#Africa
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Marooko
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| subdivision_type = Dalka
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Morocco}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Marooko|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Casablanca-Settat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Ururrada gobollada iyo gobollada Marooko|Guddoonka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mohammedia Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type3 = 
| subdivision_name3 = &lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type = 
| leader_title = Duqa magaalada
| leader_name = Hicham Aït Manna&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hicham Aït Mana appointed as new mayor of Mohammedia|url=https://www.mjtnews.com/2021/09/20/hicham-ait-mana-rni-is-the-new-mayor-of-mohammedia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201200631/https://www.mjtnews.com/2021/09/20/hicham-ait-mana-rni-is-the-new-mayor-of-mohammedia|archive-date=1 Dec 2022|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
| leader_name1 = 
| established_title = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date = &lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
| area_magnitude = 
| unit_pref = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_land_km2 = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;| population_as_of = 2024
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=census2024&gt;{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601155247/https://www.hcp.ma/file/242342/ |title=
Population légale du Royaume du Maroc répartie par régions, provinces et préfectures et communes selon les résultats du Recensement général de la population et de l’habitat 2024
 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=7 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_note = 
| population_total = 194,358
| population_density_km2 = 
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_metro = 
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha
| population_blank1 = 
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = &lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| coordinates = {{coord|33|41|N|7|23|W|region:MA|display=inline}}
| elevation_footnotes = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_ft = &lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
| postal_code_type = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code = 
| area_code = 
| blank_name = 
| blank_info = 
| blank1_name = 
| blank1_info = 
| website = 
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Mohammedia''' ({{langx|ar|المحمدية|al-Muḥammadiyya}}), waxa loo yaqaanay ilaa 1960 '''Fedala''' ({{langx|ar|فضالة|Faḍāla}}), waa magaalo xeebeed deked leh oo ku taal xeebta galbeed ee [[Marooko]] una dhaxaysa [[Casablanca]] iyo [[Rabat]] ee gobolka [[Casablanca-Settat]]. Waxay martigelisaa sifeeyaha saliidda ee ugu muhiimsan Marooko, Samir Refinery, taas oo ka dhigaysa xarunta warshadaha batrooolka ee Marooko. Waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaadhayso 514,057 qof marka loo eego qiyaasta 2024.&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=3 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
=== Taariikhda hore ===
[[File:ETH-BIB-Fedallah, Farm Egli, Gurbi, Übersicht-Dia 247-09235.tif|left|thumb|Beer ku taal Fedallah sanadkii 1936.]]
[[File:Bab al kasbah Mohammedia.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Albaabka laga galo Kasbah iyo Masaajidka Al Atik oo ka muuqda gadaal]]Dekedda, oo hadda ah Mohammedia, waxaa markii hore loo yaqaanay Fedala ({{lang|ar|فضالة}}). Magaca wuxuu ka yimid ereyada [[Carabi|Arabiga]] ah ee ''Fadl Allah'' ({{lang|ar|فضل الله}}) oo la dhaho &quot;fadliga Ilaah&quot;. Sida uu sheegay Graberg de Hemsö, wuxuu ka yimid ''Fayḍ Allāh'', oo la dhaho &quot;deeqda Ilaah&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Adam |first=A. |title=Faḍāla |date=2012-04-24 |work=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadala-SIM_2219 |access-date=2024-03-10 |publisher=Brill |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa weli jira raadad muujinaya doorkeedii ganacsi xilligii [[Khilafadii Almoravid]]. Waxaa qarniyadii 14-aad iyo 15-aad ku soo badbaadi jiray [[markab ganacsi|maraakiibta ganacsiga]] ee ka imaanayay Yurub si ay u raadsadaan badarka iyo khudaarta qallalan.

Sanadkii 1773, Suldaan Sidi [[Mohammed ben Abdallah]] wuxuu Fédala ka dhigay maqal badar oo gobolka [[Tamasna]] ah wuxuuna dhisay Kasbah si uu u ilaaliyo dukaamada ganacsatada. Wuxuu kaloo dhisay masaajidka cad ee Al Atik.

===Maxmiyaddii Faransiiska===
[[File:German officers captured in French Morocco army.mil-2008-10-30-1225389725.jpg|thumb|200px|Saraakiil Jarmal ah oo lagu qabtay Fedala, 1943]]
Xilligii ka horreeyay gumeysiga, tartankii u dhexeeyay [[quwadaha reer Galbeedka]] si ay u hubiyaan ka faa'iidaysiga dhaqaale ee [[Afrika]] wuxuu ka dambeeyay isku biiridda danaha reer Yurub ee dekedaha Marooko. Gobolka Fédala, qoyska Jarmalka ah ee Mannesmann waxay iibsadeen dhul weyn.

Heshiiskii November 4, 1911 ee u dhexeeyay [[Faransiiska]] iyo [[Jarmalka]] ee ku saabsanaa qaybinta Afrika wuxuu ku khasbay qoyska Mannesmann inay ka tanaasulaan dhulkii ay u hayeen Georges iyo Jacques Hersent, oo ahaa laba nin oo warshadleey Faransiis ah, kuwaas oo ogaaday jiritaanka gacmo-badeed dabiici ah, oo qiimo weyn u lahaa abuurista deked weyn oo qiimo jaban.

Kooxda Hersent waxay aasaaseen shirkadda Franco-Moroccan sanadkii 1912 waxayna aasaaseen shirkadda dekedda sanadkii 1914 oo door hoggaamineed ka qaatay horumarinta Fédala. Koritaanka degdegga ah ee magaalada wuxuu ka bilaabmay agagaarka dekedda, taas oo u oggolaatay horumarinta warshado kala duwan sida qasadeynta waxyaabaha badda, warshadaha beeraha, harag-warshadaynta, dharka, iwm..

Magaalada xeebeedka waxay qaabaysantay sanadkii 1925 waxaana dhisay Esplanade sanadkii 1938. Dhismaha khadka badda ee sanadkii 1951 wuxuu Fédala ka dhigay dekeddii ugu horreysay uguna casrisanayd ee saliidda ee Waqooyiga Afrika.

Kaniisadda Saint James (Saint Jacques), oo fiirisa fagaaraha weyn, waxaa dhisay sanadkii 1934 Jean iyo Georges Hersent, si loo xasuusto wiilkooda iyo wiilka ay adeerka u ahaayeen Jacques (3 February 1893 - 26 July 1917), oo ku dhintay Marne xilligii [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= Histoire de la paroisse 
|publisher=Website of the Church of Saint Jacques 
|year=2012
|url=http://eglisesaintjacquesmohammedia.blogspot.fr/p/histoire-de-la-paroisse.html
|access-date=2013-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Dagaalkii Fedala====
Ciidanka Mareykanka ayaa ku soo duulay Fédala iyagoo ka yimid Badweynta Atlantiga November 8, 1942, iyadoo qayb ka ahayd [[Hawlgalkii Torch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HyperWar: US Army in WWII: Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative In the West |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-NWA/USA-MTO-NWA-7.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.ibiblio.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duullaanka waxaa fuliyay Kooxda Weerarka Dhexe ee Ciidanka Galbeedka kuwaas oo ku degay xeebta Atlantiga ee Marooko. Soo degitaanku wuxuu bilaabmay 4-tii aroornimo.

===Magaalada cusub===
[[File:Mohammed V of Morocco.jpg|thumb|Sanadkii 1960, magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray boqorkii xukumayay [[Boqorka Marooko]], [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]]]]
{{Tone|section|date=March 2022}}
Fédala waxaa loogu magac daray Mohammedia 25 June 1960 si loogu sharfo Boqor [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]], dhisiyihii [[Taariikhda Marooko|madaxbannaanida Marooko]], munaasabaddii dhagax-dhigga sifeeyaha saliidda ee Samir. Magaca cusub wuxuu muujinayaa dabeecadda casriga ah ee magaaladan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MOHAMMEDIA {{!}} Centre Régional d'Investissement de Casablanca-Settat |url=https://www.casainvest.ma/en/casablanca-settat-region/prefectures-provinces/mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.casainvest.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maanta, magaaladu waxay u adeegtaa sidii goob dalxiis xeebeed iyo xarun wax-soo-saar labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mohammedia {{!}} Coastal City, Industrial Hub, Mediterranean Port {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mohammedia sidoo kale waa magaalo dalxiis oo ka kooban goobaha goolfka, naadiga teniska iyo hawlo kale oo banyak oo madadaalo ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, dadku waxay u yaqaanaan {{Transliteration|ar|madinat lwurud wa riyada}} oo la dhaho &quot;magaalada ubaxa iyo isboortiga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Morocco’s Mohammedia offers calm and flowers in Ramadan {{!}} Faisal Abdul Hassan {{!}} AW |url=https://thearabweekly.com/moroccos-mohammedia-offers-calm-and-flowers-ramadan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821082506/https://thearabweekly.com/moroccos-mohammedia-offers-calm-and-flowers-ramadan |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=AW |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, xeebaha Mohammedia ee &quot;Sablet &amp; Mimosa&quot; waxay soo jiiteen dad banyak oo ka yimid Casablanca, iyo magaalooyinka u dhow. Sablet iyo Mimosa waxay ku jireen horumarin, iyadoo la dhisay guryo cusub oo xeebta ah, fiilooyin, and maalgashi dheeraad ah oo lagu sameeyay ganacsiyada yaryar taas oo abuurtay shaqooyin banyak. Xagaagu si fudud waa xilliga ugu fiican ee Mohammedia maadaama ay jirto ka qasnaan banyak sababo la xiriira kororka dadka. Waxaa jira hawlo banyak oo dibadda ah oo ay ku jiraan kubbadda kolayga, kubbadda cagta, dhex-galka hirarka, iyo kaluumeysiga. Nolosha habeenkii waa khibrad weyn oo laga qayb qaato, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr kafeeyaal, maqaayado, naadiyo, iyo marin xeebeed. Laba ka mid ah aagagga la dego ee xeebta oo ah meelo u fiican fasaxa waa &quot;Residence of Oubaha&quot; iyo &quot;Palm Beach.&quot; Waxaa jira dhowr mashaariic oo kale oo ka socda magaalada Mohammedia iyo sidoo kale kaabayaalla dhaqaalaha ee magaalada oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Casa Aménagement – Vecteur de développement territorial |url=https://www.casa-amenagement.ma/en/mediatheques/corniche-de-mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.casa-amenagement.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt;

22 December 2022, qarax weyn ayaa dhacay ka dib markii xarun lagu kaydiyo gaaska ay gubatay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=دعوات نقابية بفتح تحقيق في أسباب تسرب الغاز بحريق المحمدية |url=https://alyaoum24.com/1756496.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=اليوم 24 – أخبار اليوم على مدار الساعة |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maamulka ayaa sheegay inaysan jirin wax khasaare ah oo dadka soo gaaray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco: Explosion reported at gas storage facility near Mohammedia Port Dec. 22 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2022/12/morocco-explosion-reported-at-gas-storage-facility-near-mohammedia-port-dec-22 |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Morocco: Explosion reported at gas storage facility near Mohammedia Port Dec. 22 {{!}} Crisis24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qoysaska iyo muwaadiniinta degganaa meel u dhow xarunta ayaa isaga barakacay hareeraha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aamari |first=Oussama |title=Mohammedia Gas Storage Facility Goes Up in Flames |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/12/353176/mohammedia-gas-storage-facility-goes-up-in-flames |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=moroccoworldnews |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=حريق في مستودعات الغاز يهز المحمدية |url=https://www.hespress.com/حريق-في-مستودعات-الغاز-يهز-المحمدية-1097006.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kadib 2 saacadood oo dhacdadaas ah, maamulka deegaanka ayaa xakameeyay dabkii ka dhashay qaraxa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=Local authorities in Mohammedia say fires successfully contained |url=https://en.hespress.com/55655-local-authorities-in-mohammedia-say-fires-successfully-contained.html |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=HESPRESS English - Morocco News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafiga==

=== Goobta ===
Mohammedia waxay ku taal dhinacada Badweynta Atlantiga {{convert|15|mi|0|abbr=off|order=flip}} Waqooyi-bari ee [[Casablanca]]. Waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa meelaha ay ka soo baxaan webiyada Oued El-Maleh iyo Oued Nfifikh waxaana xuduud la leh Badweynta Atlantiga dhanka Waqooyiga, [[Ben Slimane Province]] dhanka Bari iyo Koonfurta, iyo guddoonka Sidi Bernoussi-Zenata dhanka Galbeed.

===Cimilada===
Mohammedia waxay leedahay [[cimilada Mediterranean-ka ee kuleylka xagaaga]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] Csa). Saamaynta dhexdhexaadinta ee Badweynta Atlantiga waxay si xoog leit u saameysaa cimilada magaalada waxayna ka dhigtaa jiilaalkeeda mid jilicsan oo diiran, xagaaguna mid kulul oo qabow. Mohammedia waxay ku raaxaysataa qorrax badan sanadka oo dhan iyadoo leh roobab la qiyaasi karo sanadkii.

Muddada u dhaxaysa November ilaa April waa mid qaboow oo roobab leh iyadoo heerkulka sare uu celcelis ahaan yahay {{convert|63|to|70|F|C|order=flip}} halka kan ugu hooseeyana uu yahay {{convert|46|to|53|F|C|order=flip}}, si kastaba ha ahaatee heerkulku mararka qaar wuxuu hoos ugu dhici karaa qiyaastii {{convert|36|°F|0|order=flip}} subaxdii, ama wuxuu gaari karaa ilaa {{convert|75|°F|0|order=flip}} maalmo yar inta lagu jiro jiilaalka.

Muddada u dhaxaysa May ilaa October waa mid diiran ilaa kulayl iyo qallayl iyadoo heerkulka sare uu celcelis ahaan yahay {{convert|72|to|79|F|C|order=flip}} halka kan ugu hooseeyana uu yahay {{convert|59|to|68|F|C|order=flip}}, laakiin heerkulku wuxuu dhaafi karaa {{convert|90|°F|0|order=flip}} mararka qaarna wuxuu gaaraa {{convert|104|°F|0|order=flip}}.

Roobka badankiis wuxuu da'aa November ilaa April, celceliska roobka sanadkiina waa qiyaastii 432&amp;nbsp;mm. Roobabku inta badan waxay u da'aan qaab roobab fudud, laakiin mararka qaar waxaa jira roobab waaweyn iyo onkod.

{{Weather box
|location = Mohammedia
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 17
|Feb high C = 18
|Mar high C = 19
|Apr high C = 20
|May high C = 22
|Jun high C = 24
|Jul high C = 26
|Aug high C = 26
|Sep high C = 26
|Oct high C = 24
|Nov high C = 21
|Dec high C = 18
|Jan low C = 8
|Feb low C = 9
|Mar low C = 11
|Apr low C = 12
|May low C = 15
|Jun low C = 18
|Jul low C = 20
|Aug low C = 20
|Sep low C = 19
|Oct low C = 16
|Nov low C = 13
|Dec low C = 10
|Jan precipitation mm = 64
|Feb precipitation mm = 59
|Mar precipitation mm = 52
|Apr precipitation mm = 43
|May precipitation mm = 20
|Jun precipitation mm = 6
|Jul precipitation mm = 1
|Aug precipitation mm = 1
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 30
|Nov precipitation mm = 77
|Dec precipitation mm = 75
|source 1 = msn Weather &lt;ref name=&quot;weather1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web
| url =http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?wealocations=wc:MOXX0006&amp;q=Mohammedia%2c+MAR+forecast:averagesm| title =Average Conditions Mohammedia, Morocco
| publisher = msn Weather}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date = August 2010}}

==Qaybaha==
Gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa dhanka maamulka sida seo soo socota:&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lavieeco.com/documents_officiels/Recensement%20population.pdf|title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat de 2004|publisher=Haut-commissariat au Plan, Lavieeco.com|access-date=27 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Magaca !! Lambarka juqraafiga !! Nooca !! Guryaha !! Dadka (2004)!! Dadka ajnabiga ah !! Dadka Marookanka ah !! Faallo
|-
| Mohammedia || 371.01.01. || Degmo || 39154 || 188619 || 1240 || 187379 || 
|-
| [[Aïn Harrouda]] || 371.01.03. || Degmo || 8417 || 41853 || 56 || 41797 || 
|-
| [[Bni Yakhlef]]|| 371.03.01. || Jameeco miyi || 5975 || 29723 || 10 || 29713 || 11490 degane waxay ku nool yihiin xarunta, oo loo yaqaan [[Ben Yakhlef]]; 18233 degane waxay ku nool yihiin aagagga miyiga ah.
|-
| [[Ech-Challalate]]|| 371.03.03. || Jameeco miyi || 7970 || 40311 || 21 || 40290 || 
|-
| [[Sidi Moussa Ben Ali]]|| 371.03.05. || Jameeco miyi || 1666 || 9368 || 1 || 9367 || 
|-
| [[Sidi Moussa Majdoub]]|| 371.03.07. || Jameeco miyi || 2502 || 12412 || 8 || 12404 || 
|-
|}

==Tirada dadka==
Dadka ku nool Mohammedia waxay ku korayaan xawaare dheereeya. Magaalada, oo lahayd dad tiradoodu tahay kaliya 500 qof sanadkii 1914, waxay hadda hoy u tahay qiyaastii 204,000 oo qof. Dadka ku nool guddoonka Mohammedia waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 336,000 oo qof iyadoo celceliska [[cufnaanta dadka]] ay tahay {{convert|5000|PD/km2}}.
Dhammaan kooxaha dadka ee Boqortooyada Marooko ayaa laga helaa gobolkan. Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degganaa magaalada waxay ahaayeen qabaa'ilka [[Zenata]], kuwaas oo ay hadda ka harmeen tiro yar, oo u qaybsan dhanka dhulka inta u dhaxaysa Mohammedia iyo guddoonada deriska la ah. Qabiil kale oo Carab ah oo ka yimid [[Muritaniya]], oo loo yaqaan Mjedba, ayaa degay inta u dhaxaysa Fédala iyo [[Médiouna Province|Mediouna]] saddex qarni ka hor, haddana waxay laba laab ka badan yihiin Zenata.
{| align=&quot;center&quot; rules=&quot;all&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid #999; border-right: 2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999; background: #f3fff3&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em&quot;| Horumarka tirada dadka
|-style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot;
! 1994 !! 2004 !! 2010
!'''2014'''
!2024
|-
| align=center | {{formatnum:170063}} || align=center | {{formatnum:188619}} || align=center | {{formatnum:203748}}
|208.612
|194,358 (Magaalo)
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;small&gt; 1994, 2004: tirakoob rasmi ah; 2010: 2014, 2024&lt;/small&gt;
|}

==Waxbarashada==
Tan iyo horaantii 1980-yadii, magaalada Mohammedia waxay soo jiidatay machadyo jaamacadeed. Waxay leedahay saddex kuleej iyo laba machadood oo sare, kuwaas oo ay iska diiwaangeliyeen qiyaastii 25,000 oo arday:

# Kuleejka Farshaxanka iyo Cilmiga Aadanaha
# Kulliyadda Sharciga, Dhaqaalaha iyo Cilmiga Bulshada
# Kulliyadda Cilmiga iyo Tignoolajiyada ee Mohammedia (FSTM)
# Dugsiga Sare ee Qaranka ee Waxbarashada Farsamada (ENSET)
# Machadka Sare ee Tignoolajiyada la dabaqay ee Dalxiiska iyo Huteelada (ISTAH)

Waxaa kale oo jira machadyo kale oo waxbarasho oo ku yaal Mohammedia:

# Machadka Sare ee Tignoolajiyada la dabaqay ee Lacollines (ISTA)
# Machadka Sare ee Warshadaha ee Mohammedia (ISIM)
# Xarunta Dhaqan-celinta Xirfadaha ee Yasmina (CQP)
# Xarunta Tababarka Dekedda (CFA)

Magaaladu waxay kaloo leedahay dugsi caalami ah oo Faransiis ah, [[Groupe Scolaire Claude Monet]], oo u adeega qaybta ''moyenne section'' ilaa ''collège'' (dugsiga dhexe).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.aefe.fr/reseau-scolaire-mondial/rechercher-un-etablissement/maroc-mohammedia-groupe-scolaire-claude-monet Groupe scolaire Claude-Monet].&quot; [[AEFE]]. Retrieved on June 16, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Degmada ==
Mohammedia, oo cabbirkeedu si weyn u kordhay intii lagu jiray qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad, waxay noqonaysaa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Marooko. Xaafado cusub ayaa laga dhisay dhammaan qaybaha magaalada, dad badanna waxay ku nool yihiin magaalada dhexdeeda.

Magaaladu waxay u qaybsantaa 2 aag oo waaweyn oo kala duwan, aagga Kasbah, iyo degmada Al-Alia.

===Aagga Kasbah===
[[File:Mohammedia Prefecture.jpg|thumb|300px|Guddoonka Mohammedia]]
Aaggan ay ku taal Kasbah wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Waddada Souss ilaa qaybta Al-Wafaa. Wuxuu u taagan yahay wadnaha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada wuxuuna calaamadeeyay tanaasul ku meel gaar ah oo u dhexeeya dhismaha dhismooyinka casriga ah iyo taallooyinka, iyo qaababka magaaladii hore ee Medina. Ganacsiyo iyo adeegyo banyak ayaa ka jira waddooyinka cidhiidhiga ah ee Kasbah iyo boulevards-ka agagaarka ah, sida ganacsatada dharka, ganacsatada dhogorta iyo iibiyayaaska khudaarta. Aaggan, oo u taagan badhtamaha magaalada, wuxuu kaloo martigeliyaa maamulo banyak, masaajido, maqaayado, huteelo iyo jardiinooyin.
* Qaybaha: Kasbah, Al-Wafaa, Al-Marsa, Dyour Al-Qraii.
* Meelaha caanka ah: Jardiinada Magaalooyinka Mataanaha ah, Mohamed V boulevard, Corniche.
* Kaabayaasha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa: Saldhigga tareenka, Cisbitaalka Moulay Abdellah, Guddoonka, Garoonka Bachir.

===Al-Alia===
[[File:Mohammedia theater.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Masraxa degmada ee Mohammedia]]
Degmadan waxay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee magaalada ee joog weyn oo buur ah, taas oo siinaysa magaca Al-Alia oo la dhaho dhanka sare. Waxaa la dhisay sanadkii 1948 si xal loogu helo dhibaatada guryaha cooshadaha ah, halkar ay ku noolaayeen dadka miyiga ah, oo ay soo jiidatay horumarka warshadaha ee magaalada iyagoo raadinaya shaqo.

Maanta, degmadu waxay la mid tahay magaalo yar oo si joogto ah u fidaysa, oo ku qalabaysan dhammaan tas-hiilaadkii loo baahnaa.
* Qaybaha hore: El Hassania, Derb Marrakech, Diour Doukkala, Derb Jamila, Derb Ourida, Derb Fath, Derb Douchmane, Riyad Salam, Derb Laâyoune, Hay Al-Houria.
* Qaybaha cusub: Hay El-Falah, Anfa, Rachidia, Hay Reda, Hay Nasr, Hay el-Fajr, La Colline, Hay Al-Wahda.
* Kaabayaasha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa: Masraxa Degmada, Saldhigga Basaska.

==Dhaqaalaha iyo gaadiidka==
===Dekedda===
Dekedda Mohammedia waxay ku takhasustay dareeraha banyak iyo batrooolka-kiimikada.&lt;ref name=&quot;marsamaroc-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/mohammedia |website=marsamaroc.co.ma |publisher=[[MarsaMaroc]] |access-date=17 April 2020|title=Port de Mohammedia }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mohammedia waxay soo dejisataa saliidda cayriin waxaana la sifeeyaa marka ay tusto. Dekeddu waxay dhoofisaa kalluunka, koloriinta, iyo sodium carbonate oo laga soo saaro warshadaha waaweyn ee magaalada dhexdeeda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Morocco {{!}} History, Map, Flag, Capital, People, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Abderrahim Achchakir]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee caalami ah
*[[Abraham Serfaty]], Dhaqdhaqaaqe siyaasadeed ee Marookan ah.
*[[Eric Besson]], Siyaasi Faransiis ah.
*[[Ahmed Faras]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah ee Marooko.
*[[Noureddine Ziyati]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah.
*[[Tarik El Jarmouni]], Goolhayaha kubbadda cagta ee Marooko.
*[[Reda El Amrani]], Ciyaaryahan tenniska ee Marookan ah.
*[[Jannat Mahid]], Heesaa Marookan ah.
*[[Mohamed Al Hachdadi]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda laliska ee caalami ah.
* [[Marwane Saâdane]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah.
* [[Abdelatif Noussir]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah
*[[Noureddine Kacemi]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah
* [[Hassan Amcharrat]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah.
* [[Tarik El Jarmouni]], Goolhayahii hore ee caalamiga ah.
* [[Tarik Tnibar]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ah.
* [[Rachid Rokki]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah.

==Xiriirka Caalamiga ah==
{{See also|List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Morocco|l1=Liiska magaalooyinka mataanaha ah iyo magaalooyinka walaalaha ah ee Marooko}}

===Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah - Magaalooyinka walaalaha ah===
Mohammedia waxay [[Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah iyo magaalooyinka walaalaha ah|mataano]] la tahay:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|BEL}}

'''[[Ghent]]''', Beljam ilaa 1982&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghent twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/4/216.cmVjPTEyNDIxNQ.html|title=Ghent Zustersteden|access-date=2013-07-20|work=Stad Gent|publisher=City of Ghent|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|LBY}}

'''[[Zawiya, Libya|Zawiya]]''', [[Liibiya]] ilaa 2006
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Perpignan]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2009
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Belfort]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2010
|
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Dreux]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2010
*{{flagicon|RUS}}

'''[[Noginsk]]''', Ruushka ilaa 2010&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=142117l Résultats de la recherche pour : Maroc] (french)&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|PRC}}

'''[[Jiangyin]]''', Shiinaha ilaa 2011&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=147705 Résultats de la recherche pour : Maroc] (french)&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Xigasho==
{{Commons category|Mohammedia City}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}</text>
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      <text bytes="26095" sha1="4hvavkvwncnmvwsqgfpiillfc61cqxf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mohammedia
| native_name = {{lang|ar|المحمدية}}
| nickname = 
| settlement_type = [[Liiska magaalooyinka Marooko|Magaalo]]
| motto = &lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
  | photo1a = Grand complexe commercial avec résidence à Mohamedia (Fdala).JPG
  | photo2a = Le parc des villes jumelées Mohammedia.jpg
  | photo2b = Mohammedia Prefecture.jpg
  | photo3a = La cathédrale de mohamedia (Fdala).jpg
  | size = 275
  | spacing = 2
  | color = transparent
  | border = 0
}}
| imagesize = 
| image_caption = 
| image_flag = 
| flag_size = 
| image_seal = 
| seal_size = 
| image_shield = 
| shield_size = 
| image_map = 
| mapsize = 
| map_caption = 
| pushpin_map = Morocco#Africa
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Marooko
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| subdivision_type = Dalka
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Morocco}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Marooko|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Casablanca-Settat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Ururrada gobollada iyo gobollada Marooko|Guddoonka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mohammedia Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type3 = 
| subdivision_name3 = &lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type = 
| leader_title = Duqa magaalada
| leader_name = Hicham Aït Manna&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hicham Aït Mana appointed as new mayor of Mohammedia|url=https://www.mjtnews.com/2021/09/20/hicham-ait-mana-rni-is-the-new-mayor-of-mohammedia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201200631/https://www.mjtnews.com/2021/09/20/hicham-ait-mana-rni-is-the-new-mayor-of-mohammedia|archive-date=1 Dec 2022|url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
| leader_name1 = 
| established_title = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date = &lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
| area_magnitude = 
| unit_pref = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_land_km2 = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;| population_as_of = 2024
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=census2024&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.hcp.ma/file/242342/ |title=Population légale du Royaume du Maroc répartie par régions, provinces et préfectures et communes selon les résultats du Recensement général de la population et de l’habitat 2024 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=7 November 2024 |access-date=24 Bisha Lixaad 2026 |archive-date=1 Bisha Lixaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601155247/https://www.hcp.ma/file/242342/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_note = 
| population_total = 194,358
| population_density_km2 = 
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_metro = 
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha
| population_blank1 = 
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = &lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| coordinates = {{coord|33|41|N|7|23|W|region:MA|display=inline}}
| elevation_footnotes = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_ft = &lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
| postal_code_type = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code = 
| area_code = 
| blank_name = 
| blank_info = 
| blank1_name = 
| blank1_info = 
| website = 
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Mohammedia''' ({{langx|ar|المحمدية|al-Muḥammadiyya}}), waxa loo yaqaanay ilaa 1960 '''Fedala''' ({{langx|ar|فضالة|Faḍāla}}), waa magaalo xeebeed deked leh oo ku taal xeebta galbeed ee [[Marooko]] una dhaxaysa [[Casablanca]] iyo [[Rabat]] ee gobolka [[Casablanca-Settat]]. Waxay martigelisaa sifeeyaha saliidda ee ugu muhiimsan Marooko, Samir Refinery, taas oo ka dhigaysa xarunta warshadaha batrooolka ee Marooko. Waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaadhayso 514,057 qof marka loo eego qiyaasta 2024.&lt;ref name=census2014&gt;{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=3 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
=== Taariikhda hore ===
[[File:ETH-BIB-Fedallah, Farm Egli, Gurbi, Übersicht-Dia 247-09235.tif|left|thumb|Beer ku taal Fedallah sanadkii 1936.]]
[[File:Bab al kasbah Mohammedia.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Albaabka laga galo Kasbah iyo Masaajidka Al Atik oo ka muuqda gadaal]]Dekedda, oo hadda ah Mohammedia, waxaa markii hore loo yaqaanay Fedala ({{lang|ar|فضالة}}). Magaca wuxuu ka yimid ereyada [[Carabi|Arabiga]] ah ee ''Fadl Allah'' ({{lang|ar|فضل الله}}) oo la dhaho &quot;fadliga Ilaah&quot;. Sida uu sheegay Graberg de Hemsö, wuxuu ka yimid ''Fayḍ Allāh'', oo la dhaho &quot;deeqda Ilaah&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Adam |first=A. |title=Faḍāla |date=2012-04-24 |work=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadala-SIM_2219 |access-date=2024-03-10 |publisher=Brill |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa weli jira raadad muujinaya doorkeedii ganacsi xilligii [[Khilafadii Almoravid]]. Waxaa qarniyadii 14-aad iyo 15-aad ku soo badbaadi jiray [[markab ganacsi|maraakiibta ganacsiga]] ee ka imaanayay Yurub si ay u raadsadaan badarka iyo khudaarta qallalan.

Sanadkii 1773, Suldaan Sidi [[Mohammed ben Abdallah]] wuxuu Fédala ka dhigay maqal badar oo gobolka [[Tamasna]] ah wuxuuna dhisay Kasbah si uu u ilaaliyo dukaamada ganacsatada. Wuxuu kaloo dhisay masaajidka cad ee Al Atik.

===Maxmiyaddii Faransiiska===
[[File:German officers captured in French Morocco army.mil-2008-10-30-1225389725.jpg|thumb|200px|Saraakiil Jarmal ah oo lagu qabtay Fedala, 1943]]
Xilligii ka horreeyay gumeysiga, tartankii u dhexeeyay [[quwadaha reer Galbeedka]] si ay u hubiyaan ka faa'iidaysiga dhaqaale ee [[Afrika]] wuxuu ka dambeeyay isku biiridda danaha reer Yurub ee dekedaha Marooko. Gobolka Fédala, qoyska Jarmalka ah ee Mannesmann waxay iibsadeen dhul weyn.

Heshiiskii November 4, 1911 ee u dhexeeyay [[Faransiiska]] iyo [[Jarmalka]] ee ku saabsanaa qaybinta Afrika wuxuu ku khasbay qoyska Mannesmann inay ka tanaasulaan dhulkii ay u hayeen Georges iyo Jacques Hersent, oo ahaa laba nin oo warshadleey Faransiis ah, kuwaas oo ogaaday jiritaanka gacmo-badeed dabiici ah, oo qiimo weyn u lahaa abuurista deked weyn oo qiimo jaban.

Kooxda Hersent waxay aasaaseen shirkadda Franco-Moroccan sanadkii 1912 waxayna aasaaseen shirkadda dekedda sanadkii 1914 oo door hoggaamineed ka qaatay horumarinta Fédala. Koritaanka degdegga ah ee magaalada wuxuu ka bilaabmay agagaarka dekedda, taas oo u oggolaatay horumarinta warshado kala duwan sida qasadeynta waxyaabaha badda, warshadaha beeraha, harag-warshadaynta, dharka, iwm..

Magaalada xeebeedka waxay qaabaysantay sanadkii 1925 waxaana dhisay Esplanade sanadkii 1938. Dhismaha khadka badda ee sanadkii 1951 wuxuu Fédala ka dhigay dekeddii ugu horreysay uguna casrisanayd ee saliidda ee Waqooyiga Afrika.

Kaniisadda Saint James (Saint Jacques), oo fiirisa fagaaraha weyn, waxaa dhisay sanadkii 1934 Jean iyo Georges Hersent, si loo xasuusto wiilkooda iyo wiilka ay adeerka u ahaayeen Jacques (3 February 1893 - 26 July 1917), oo ku dhintay Marne xilligii [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= Histoire de la paroisse 
|publisher=Website of the Church of Saint Jacques 
|year=2012
|url=http://eglisesaintjacquesmohammedia.blogspot.fr/p/histoire-de-la-paroisse.html
|access-date=2013-10-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Dagaalkii Fedala====
Ciidanka Mareykanka ayaa ku soo duulay Fédala iyagoo ka yimid Badweynta Atlantiga November 8, 1942, iyadoo qayb ka ahayd [[Hawlgalkii Torch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HyperWar: US Army in WWII: Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative In the West |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-NWA/USA-MTO-NWA-7.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.ibiblio.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duullaanka waxaa fuliyay Kooxda Weerarka Dhexe ee Ciidanka Galbeedka kuwaas oo ku degay xeebta Atlantiga ee Marooko. Soo degitaanku wuxuu bilaabmay 4-tii aroornimo.

===Magaalada cusub===
[[File:Mohammed V of Morocco.jpg|thumb|Sanadkii 1960, magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray boqorkii xukumayay [[Boqorka Marooko]], [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]]]]
{{Tone|section|date=March 2022}}
Fédala waxaa loogu magac daray Mohammedia 25 June 1960 si loogu sharfo Boqor [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]], dhisiyihii [[Taariikhda Marooko|madaxbannaanida Marooko]], munaasabaddii dhagax-dhigga sifeeyaha saliidda ee Samir. Magaca cusub wuxuu muujinayaa dabeecadda casriga ah ee magaaladan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MOHAMMEDIA {{!}} Centre Régional d'Investissement de Casablanca-Settat |url=https://www.casainvest.ma/en/casablanca-settat-region/prefectures-provinces/mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.casainvest.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maanta, magaaladu waxay u adeegtaa sidii goob dalxiis xeebeed iyo xarun wax-soo-saar labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mohammedia {{!}} Coastal City, Industrial Hub, Mediterranean Port {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mohammedia sidoo kale waa magaalo dalxiis oo ka kooban goobaha goolfka, naadiga teniska iyo hawlo kale oo banyak oo madadaalo ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, dadku waxay u yaqaanaan {{Transliteration|ar|madinat lwurud wa riyada}} oo la dhaho &quot;magaalada ubaxa iyo isboortiga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Morocco’s Mohammedia offers calm and flowers in Ramadan {{!}} Faisal Abdul Hassan {{!}} AW |url=https://thearabweekly.com/moroccos-mohammedia-offers-calm-and-flowers-ramadan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821082506/https://thearabweekly.com/moroccos-mohammedia-offers-calm-and-flowers-ramadan |archive-date=2021-08-21 |access-date=2025-07-02 |work=AW |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, xeebaha Mohammedia ee &quot;Sablet &amp; Mimosa&quot; waxay soo jiiteen dad banyak oo ka yimid Casablanca, iyo magaalooyinka u dhow. Sablet iyo Mimosa waxay ku jireen horumarin, iyadoo la dhisay guryo cusub oo xeebta ah, fiilooyin, and maalgashi dheeraad ah oo lagu sameeyay ganacsiyada yaryar taas oo abuurtay shaqooyin banyak. Xagaagu si fudud waa xilliga ugu fiican ee Mohammedia maadaama ay jirto ka qasnaan banyak sababo la xiriira kororka dadka. Waxaa jira hawlo banyak oo dibadda ah oo ay ku jiraan kubbadda kolayga, kubbadda cagta, dhex-galka hirarka, iyo kaluumeysiga. Nolosha habeenkii waa khibrad weyn oo laga qayb qaato, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr kafeeyaal, maqaayado, naadiyo, iyo marin xeebeed. Laba ka mid ah aagagga la dego ee xeebta oo ah meelo u fiican fasaxa waa &quot;Residence of Oubaha&quot; iyo &quot;Palm Beach.&quot; Waxaa jira dhowr mashaariic oo kale oo ka socda magaalada Mohammedia iyo sidoo kale kaabayaalla dhaqaalaha ee magaalada oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Casa Aménagement – Vecteur de développement territorial |url=https://www.casa-amenagement.ma/en/mediatheques/corniche-de-mohammedia |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=www.casa-amenagement.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt;

22 December 2022, qarax weyn ayaa dhacay ka dib markii xarun lagu kaydiyo gaaska ay gubatay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=دعوات نقابية بفتح تحقيق في أسباب تسرب الغاز بحريق المحمدية |url=https://alyaoum24.com/1756496.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=اليوم 24 – أخبار اليوم على مدار الساعة |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maamulka ayaa sheegay inaysan jirin wax khasaare ah oo dadka soo gaaray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco: Explosion reported at gas storage facility near Mohammedia Port Dec. 22 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2022/12/morocco-explosion-reported-at-gas-storage-facility-near-mohammedia-port-dec-22 |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Morocco: Explosion reported at gas storage facility near Mohammedia Port Dec. 22 {{!}} Crisis24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qoysaska iyo muwaadiniinta degganaa meel u dhow xarunta ayaa isaga barakacay hareeraha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aamari |first=Oussama |title=Mohammedia Gas Storage Facility Goes Up in Flames |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/12/353176/mohammedia-gas-storage-facility-goes-up-in-flames |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=moroccoworldnews |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=حريق في مستودعات الغاز يهز المحمدية |url=https://www.hespress.com/حريق-في-مستودعات-الغاز-يهز-المحمدية-1097006.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kadib 2 saacadood oo dhacdadaas ah, maamulka deegaanka ayaa xakameeyay dabkii ka dhashay qaraxa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=Local authorities in Mohammedia say fires successfully contained |url=https://en.hespress.com/55655-local-authorities-in-mohammedia-say-fires-successfully-contained.html |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=HESPRESS English - Morocco News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafiga==

=== Goobta ===
Mohammedia waxay ku taal dhinacada Badweynta Atlantiga {{convert|15|mi|0|abbr=off|order=flip}} Waqooyi-bari ee [[Casablanca]]. Waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa meelaha ay ka soo baxaan webiyada Oued El-Maleh iyo Oued Nfifikh waxaana xuduud la leh Badweynta Atlantiga dhanka Waqooyiga, [[Ben Slimane Province]] dhanka Bari iyo Koonfurta, iyo guddoonka Sidi Bernoussi-Zenata dhanka Galbeed.

===Cimilada===
Mohammedia waxay leedahay [[cimilada Mediterranean-ka ee kuleylka xagaaga]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] Csa). Saamaynta dhexdhexaadinta ee Badweynta Atlantiga waxay si xoog leit u saameysaa cimilada magaalada waxayna ka dhigtaa jiilaalkeeda mid jilicsan oo diiran, xagaaguna mid kulul oo qabow. Mohammedia waxay ku raaxaysataa qorrax badan sanadka oo dhan iyadoo leh roobab la qiyaasi karo sanadkii.

Muddada u dhaxaysa November ilaa April waa mid qaboow oo roobab leh iyadoo heerkulka sare uu celcelis ahaan yahay {{convert|63|to|70|F|C|order=flip}} halka kan ugu hooseeyana uu yahay {{convert|46|to|53|F|C|order=flip}}, si kastaba ha ahaatee heerkulku mararka qaar wuxuu hoos ugu dhici karaa qiyaastii {{convert|36|°F|0|order=flip}} subaxdii, ama wuxuu gaari karaa ilaa {{convert|75|°F|0|order=flip}} maalmo yar inta lagu jiro jiilaalka.

Muddada u dhaxaysa May ilaa October waa mid diiran ilaa kulayl iyo qallayl iyadoo heerkulka sare uu celcelis ahaan yahay {{convert|72|to|79|F|C|order=flip}} halka kan ugu hooseeyana uu yahay {{convert|59|to|68|F|C|order=flip}}, laakiin heerkulku wuxuu dhaafi karaa {{convert|90|°F|0|order=flip}} mararka qaarna wuxuu gaaraa {{convert|104|°F|0|order=flip}}.

Roobka badankiis wuxuu da'aa November ilaa April, celceliska roobka sanadkiina waa qiyaastii 432&amp;nbsp;mm. Roobabku inta badan waxay u da'aan qaab roobab fudud, laakiin mararka qaar waxaa jira roobab waaweyn iyo onkod.

{{Weather box
|location = Mohammedia
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 17
|Feb high C = 18
|Mar high C = 19
|Apr high C = 20
|May high C = 22
|Jun high C = 24
|Jul high C = 26
|Aug high C = 26
|Sep high C = 26
|Oct high C = 24
|Nov high C = 21
|Dec high C = 18
|Jan low C = 8
|Feb low C = 9
|Mar low C = 11
|Apr low C = 12
|May low C = 15
|Jun low C = 18
|Jul low C = 20
|Aug low C = 20
|Sep low C = 19
|Oct low C = 16
|Nov low C = 13
|Dec low C = 10
|Jan precipitation mm = 64
|Feb precipitation mm = 59
|Mar precipitation mm = 52
|Apr precipitation mm = 43
|May precipitation mm = 20
|Jun precipitation mm = 6
|Jul precipitation mm = 1
|Aug precipitation mm = 1
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 30
|Nov precipitation mm = 77
|Dec precipitation mm = 75
|source 1 = msn Weather &lt;ref name=&quot;weather1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| url =http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?wealocations=wc:MOXX0006&amp;q=Mohammedia%2c+MAR+forecast:averagesm| title =Average Conditions Mohammedia, Morocco| publisher =msn Weather| access-date =2026-06-24| archive-date =2019-12-12| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20191212201132/http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?wealocations=wc:MOXX0006&amp;q=Mohammedia%2c+MAR+forecast:averagesm| url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date = August 2010}}

==Qaybaha==
Gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa dhanka maamulka sida seo soo socota:&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lavieeco.com/documents_officiels/Recensement%20population.pdf|title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat de 2004|publisher=Haut-commissariat au Plan, Lavieeco.com|access-date=27 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Magaca !! Lambarka juqraafiga !! Nooca !! Guryaha !! Dadka (2004)!! Dadka ajnabiga ah !! Dadka Marookanka ah !! Faallo
|-
| Mohammedia || 371.01.01. || Degmo || 39154 || 188619 || 1240 || 187379 || 
|-
| [[Aïn Harrouda]] || 371.01.03. || Degmo || 8417 || 41853 || 56 || 41797 || 
|-
| [[Bni Yakhlef]]|| 371.03.01. || Jameeco miyi || 5975 || 29723 || 10 || 29713 || 11490 degane waxay ku nool yihiin xarunta, oo loo yaqaan [[Ben Yakhlef]]; 18233 degane waxay ku nool yihiin aagagga miyiga ah.
|-
| [[Ech-Challalate]]|| 371.03.03. || Jameeco miyi || 7970 || 40311 || 21 || 40290 || 
|-
| [[Sidi Moussa Ben Ali]]|| 371.03.05. || Jameeco miyi || 1666 || 9368 || 1 || 9367 || 
|-
| [[Sidi Moussa Majdoub]]|| 371.03.07. || Jameeco miyi || 2502 || 12412 || 8 || 12404 || 
|-
|}

==Tirada dadka==
Dadka ku nool Mohammedia waxay ku korayaan xawaare dheereeya. Magaalada, oo lahayd dad tiradoodu tahay kaliya 500 qof sanadkii 1914, waxay hadda hoy u tahay qiyaastii 204,000 oo qof. Dadka ku nool guddoonka Mohammedia waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 336,000 oo qof iyadoo celceliska [[cufnaanta dadka]] ay tahay {{convert|5000|PD/km2}}.
Dhammaan kooxaha dadka ee Boqortooyada Marooko ayaa laga helaa gobolkan. Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degganaa magaalada waxay ahaayeen qabaa'ilka [[Zenata]], kuwaas oo ay hadda ka harmeen tiro yar, oo u qaybsan dhanka dhulka inta u dhaxaysa Mohammedia iyo guddoonada deriska la ah. Qabiil kale oo Carab ah oo ka yimid [[Muritaniya]], oo loo yaqaan Mjedba, ayaa degay inta u dhaxaysa Fédala iyo [[Médiouna Province|Mediouna]] saddex qarni ka hor, haddana waxay laba laab ka badan yihiin Zenata.
{| align=&quot;center&quot; rules=&quot;all&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid #999; border-right: 2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999; background: #f3fff3&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em&quot;| Horumarka tirada dadka
|-style=&quot;background: #ddffdd&quot;
! 1994 !! 2004 !! 2010
!'''2014'''
!2024
|-
| align=center | {{formatnum:170063}} || align=center | {{formatnum:188619}} || align=center | {{formatnum:203748}}
|208.612
|194,358 (Magaalo)
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;small&gt; 1994, 2004: tirakoob rasmi ah; 2010: 2014, 2024&lt;/small&gt;
|}

==Waxbarashada==
Tan iyo horaantii 1980-yadii, magaalada Mohammedia waxay soo jiidatay machadyo jaamacadeed. Waxay leedahay saddex kuleej iyo laba machadood oo sare, kuwaas oo ay iska diiwaangeliyeen qiyaastii 25,000 oo arday:

# Kuleejka Farshaxanka iyo Cilmiga Aadanaha
# Kulliyadda Sharciga, Dhaqaalaha iyo Cilmiga Bulshada
# Kulliyadda Cilmiga iyo Tignoolajiyada ee Mohammedia (FSTM)
# Dugsiga Sare ee Qaranka ee Waxbarashada Farsamada (ENSET)
# Machadka Sare ee Tignoolajiyada la dabaqay ee Dalxiiska iyo Huteelada (ISTAH)

Waxaa kale oo jira machadyo kale oo waxbarasho oo ku yaal Mohammedia:

# Machadka Sare ee Tignoolajiyada la dabaqay ee Lacollines (ISTA)
# Machadka Sare ee Warshadaha ee Mohammedia (ISIM)
# Xarunta Dhaqan-celinta Xirfadaha ee Yasmina (CQP)
# Xarunta Tababarka Dekedda (CFA)

Magaaladu waxay kaloo leedahay dugsi caalami ah oo Faransiis ah, [[Groupe Scolaire Claude Monet]], oo u adeega qaybta ''moyenne section'' ilaa ''collège'' (dugsiga dhexe).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.aefe.fr/reseau-scolaire-mondial/rechercher-un-etablissement/maroc-mohammedia-groupe-scolaire-claude-monet Groupe scolaire Claude-Monet] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aefe.fr/reseau-scolaire-mondial/rechercher-un-etablissement/maroc-mohammedia-groupe-scolaire-claude-monet |date=20171019193737 }}.&quot; [[AEFE]]. Retrieved on June 16, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Degmada ==
Mohammedia, oo cabbirkeedu si weyn u kordhay intii lagu jiray qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad, waxay noqonaysaa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Marooko. Xaafado cusub ayaa laga dhisay dhammaan qaybaha magaalada, dad badanna waxay ku nool yihiin magaalada dhexdeeda.

Magaaladu waxay u qaybsantaa 2 aag oo waaweyn oo kala duwan, aagga Kasbah, iyo degmada Al-Alia.

===Aagga Kasbah===
[[File:Mohammedia Prefecture.jpg|thumb|300px|Guddoonka Mohammedia]]
Aaggan ay ku taal Kasbah wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Waddada Souss ilaa qaybta Al-Wafaa. Wuxuu u taagan yahay wadnaha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada wuxuuna calaamadeeyay tanaasul ku meel gaar ah oo u dhexeeya dhismaha dhismooyinka casriga ah iyo taallooyinka, iyo qaababka magaaladii hore ee Medina. Ganacsiyo iyo adeegyo banyak ayaa ka jira waddooyinka cidhiidhiga ah ee Kasbah iyo boulevards-ka agagaarka ah, sida ganacsatada dharka, ganacsatada dhogorta iyo iibiyayaaska khudaarta. Aaggan, oo u taagan badhtamaha magaalada, wuxuu kaloo martigeliyaa maamulo banyak, masaajido, maqaayado, huteelo iyo jardiinooyin.
* Qaybaha: Kasbah, Al-Wafaa, Al-Marsa, Dyour Al-Qraii.
* Meelaha caanka ah: Jardiinada Magaalooyinka Mataanaha ah, Mohamed V boulevard, Corniche.
* Kaabayaasha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa: Saldhigga tareenka, Cisbitaalka Moulay Abdellah, Guddoonka, Garoonka Bachir.

===Al-Alia===
[[File:Mohammedia theater.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Masraxa degmada ee Mohammedia]]
Degmadan waxay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee magaalada ee joog weyn oo buur ah, taas oo siinaysa magaca Al-Alia oo la dhaho dhanka sare. Waxaa la dhisay sanadkii 1948 si xal loogu helo dhibaatada guryaha cooshadaha ah, halkar ay ku noolaayeen dadka miyiga ah, oo ay soo jiidatay horumarka warshadaha ee magaalada iyagoo raadinaya shaqo.

Maanta, degmadu waxay la mid tahay magaalo yar oo si joogto ah u fidaysa, oo ku qalabaysan dhammaan tas-hiilaadkii loo baahnaa.
* Qaybaha hore: El Hassania, Derb Marrakech, Diour Doukkala, Derb Jamila, Derb Ourida, Derb Fath, Derb Douchmane, Riyad Salam, Derb Laâyoune, Hay Al-Houria.
* Qaybaha cusub: Hay El-Falah, Anfa, Rachidia, Hay Reda, Hay Nasr, Hay el-Fajr, La Colline, Hay Al-Wahda.
* Kaabayaasha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa: Masraxa Degmada, Saldhigga Basaska.

==Dhaqaalaha iyo gaadiidka==
===Dekedda===
Dekedda Mohammedia waxay ku takhasustay dareeraha banyak iyo batrooolka-kiimikada.&lt;ref name=&quot;marsamaroc-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.marsamaroc.co.ma/espace-corporate/mohammedia |website=marsamaroc.co.ma |publisher=[[MarsaMaroc]] |access-date=17 April 2020|title=Port de Mohammedia }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mohammedia waxay soo dejisataa saliidda cayriin waxaana la sifeeyaa marka ay tusto. Dekeddu waxay dhoofisaa kalluunka, koloriinta, iyo sodium carbonate oo laga soo saaro warshadaha waaweyn ee magaalada dhexdeeda ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Morocco {{!}} History, Map, Flag, Capital, People, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Abderrahim Achchakir]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee caalami ah
*[[Abraham Serfaty]], Dhaqdhaqaaqe siyaasadeed ee Marookan ah.
*[[Eric Besson]], Siyaasi Faransiis ah.
*[[Ahmed Faras]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah ee Marooko.
*[[Noureddine Ziyati]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah.
*[[Tarik El Jarmouni]], Goolhayaha kubbadda cagta ee Marooko.
*[[Reda El Amrani]], Ciyaaryahan tenniska ee Marookan ah.
*[[Jannat Mahid]], Heesaa Marookan ah.
*[[Mohamed Al Hachdadi]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda laliska ee caalami ah.
* [[Marwane Saâdane]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah.
* [[Abdelatif Noussir]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ee Marookan ah
*[[Noureddine Kacemi]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah
* [[Hassan Amcharrat]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah.
* [[Tarik El Jarmouni]], Goolhayahii hore ee caalamiga ah.
* [[Tarik Tnibar]], Ciyaaryahan kubbadda cagta ah.
* [[Rachid Rokki]], Ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda cagta ee caalamiga ah.

==Xiriirka Caalamiga ah==
{{See also|List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Morocco|l1=Liiska magaalooyinka mataanaha ah iyo magaalooyinka walaalaha ah ee Marooko}}

===Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah - Magaalooyinka walaalaha ah===
Mohammedia waxay [[Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah iyo magaalooyinka walaalaha ah|mataano]] la tahay:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|BEL}}

'''[[Ghent]]''', Beljam ilaa 1982&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghent twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/4/216.cmVjPTEyNDIxNQ.html|title=Ghent Zustersteden|access-date=2013-07-20|work=Stad Gent|publisher=City of Ghent|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|LBY}}

'''[[Zawiya, Libya|Zawiya]]''', [[Liibiya]] ilaa 2006
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Perpignan]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2009
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Belfort]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2010
|
*{{flagicon|FRA}}

'''[[Dreux]]''', Faransiiska ilaa 2010
*{{flagicon|RUS}}

'''[[Noginsk]]''', Ruushka ilaa 2010&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=142117l Résultats de la recherche pour : Maroc] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=142117l |date=20110929165523 }} (french)&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|PRC}}

'''[[Jiangyin]]''', Shiinaha ilaa 2011&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=147705 Résultats de la recherche pour : Maroc] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=112&amp;id=147705 |date=20110908103018 }} (french)&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Xigasho==
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      <text bytes="7744" sha1="fhl1ss7q3zurnb05vvf0cv8y211nh7u" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Le port de JORF LASFAR 04.JPG|thumb|Jorf Lasfar]]

'''Jorf Lasfar''' ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: الجرف الأصفر, oo la dhaho &quot;Galka Huruuda ah&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuinness&quot;&gt;McGuinness, Justin. &quot;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ldBtziUKLRIC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA142 Morocco, 4th ed.]&quot; (2003). [[Footprint Travel Guides]]. p. 142. {{ISBN|1-903471-63-X}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; waa deked ganacsi oo biyo mantiq ah oo ku taal xeebta Atlantiga ee [[Morocco|Marooko]].&lt;ref&gt;Cordesman, Anthony H. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uH3RizO9lE8C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA55 A Tragedy of Arms: Military and Security Developments in the Maghreb]''. [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 55. {{ISBN|0-275-96936-3}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Marka loo eego xaddiga alaabta la farsameeyay, marka loo eego 2004, waxaa loo tixgeliyey dekedda labaad ee ugu muhiimsan Marooko (waxay ku xigtaa oo kaliya [[Casablanca]]).&lt;ref&gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA2974 Europa World Year Book 2]'' (2004). [[Taylor &amp; Francis Group]]. p. 2974. {{ISBN|1-85743-255-X}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 8, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay hoy u tahay aag warshadeed oo si degdeg ah u ballaaranaaya,&lt;ref&gt;Lehmann, Ingeborg and Rita Henss. &quot;[https://books.google.com/books?id=CX7zx5C1bf4C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA234 Morocco]&quot; (2009). [[Baedeker]]. p. 234. {{ISBN|3-8297-6623-8}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo ay ku jiraan warshado waaweyn oo soo saara [[Fertilizer|bacriminta dalkada]] iyo warshadaha [[petrochemical]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuinness&quot;/&gt; Dekeddeedu waxay si fiican u qalabaysan tahay dhoofinta [[phosphate|dhagaxa fosfatka]] (oo laga soo qaado [[Gantour, Morocco|Gantour]] iyo [[Ouled Abdoun Basin|Ouled Abdoun]])&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuinness&quot;/&gt; iyo kiimikooyin kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin [[sulphur|salfar]] saafi ah, [[ammonia]], iyo [[sulphuric acid]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Morocco: Moroccan phosphates' lates JV in Indian link&quot; (Nov/Dec 2000). ''[[Sulphur (journal)|Sulphur]]''. Issue 271. p. 11. Accessed through ProQuest on April 9, 2011. &quot;The complex, equipped with units for loading, uploading and storing sulphur, ammonia, sulphuric acid, and phosphates.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Magaaladu waxay hoy u tahay [[power station|shabakadda korontada]] ee madax-bannaan ee ugu weyn dalka—taas oo ugu horrayn lagu maalgeliyey maalgashi ka yimid shirkadda [[Sweden|Iswidhish]]-[[Switzerland|Iswisar]] ee [[ABB Group]] iyo shirkadda Mareykanka ah ee [[CMS Energy]]—taas oo loo maleeyey inay awood u leedahay inay dhaliso saddex meelood meel wadarta guud ee korontada Marooko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jentsch&quot;&gt;Müller-Jentsch, Daniel. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sb5bALxtSd0C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA50 The Development of Electricity Markets in the Euro-Mediterranean Area: Trends and Prospects for Liberalization and Regional Integration]'' (2001). [[World Bank Publications]]. p. 50. {{ISBN|0-8213-4910-4}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Maalgashigan, oo gaarayay $1.5 bilyan,&lt;ref&gt;[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]. &quot;[https://books.google.com/books?id=JalOGCA2jZQC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA100 Development Centre Seminars Regional Integration in Africa]&quot; (2002). [[OECD Publishing]]. p. 97. {{ISBN|92-64-19779-6}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 8, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu ahaa maalgashigii shisheeye ee ugu weynaa ee hal mar ah ee lagu sameeyo ciidda Marooko ilaa heerkaas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jentsch&quot;/&gt;

Sanadkii 2002 shirkadda Marooko ee [[Office Chérifien des Phosphates]] (OCP)—oo ah shirkad dowladeed oo dhoofisa fosfatka—waxay bilowday dhismaha [[research laboratory|waaxda cilmi-baarista]] [[air quality|tayada hawada]] ee Jorf Lasfar.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins, Rhys. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rtJkCv9z4swC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA284 Environmental Regulation in the New Global Economy: The Impact on Industry and Competitiveness]'' (2002). [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]. p. 284. {{ISBN|1-84376-845-3}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa lagu dhawaaqay sanadkii 2008 in shirkadda [[International Petroleum Investment Company]] (IPIC) oo fadhideedu yahay [[Abu Dhabi]] ay ku jirtay heerarkii hore ee u diyaargarowga dhismaha sifeeyaha saliidda ee Jorf Lasfar oo ku kacaya $5 bilyan. Iyadoo la soo jeediyay awood wax-soo-saar oo dhowreysa 200,000 oo foosto maalintii (bpd), sifeeyaha waxaa qorshuhu ahaa in la dhameystiro sanadkii 2013.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.downstreamtoday.com/projects/Project.aspx?project_id=24 Morocco Refinery]&quot;. ''DownstreamToday.com''. Retrieved on April 9, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Bilowgii sanadkii 2010, OCP waxay bilowday inay aqbasho soo jeedinta dhismaha warshadda [[Desalination|galaal-bixinta biyaha (shubista biyaha badda)]].&lt;ref&gt;Filou, Emilie. &quot;[http://www.emiliefilou.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Desal_Africa_feature_original.pdf Water Desalination projects for a thirsty continent]&quot; (August–September 2010). ''[[The Africa Report]]''. No. 24. pp. 86-8. Retrieved on April 10, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Dawadda Marooko waxay xiisaynaysay dhisidda warshadda ugu yaraan tan iyo sanadkii 2001, markii [[United States Trade and Development Agency]] ay bixisay $250,000 oo loogu talagalay daraasadihii hordhaca ahaa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;US Agency Finances Study on Sea Water Desalination&quot; (Feb. 9, 2001). ''[[Middle East News Online]]''. Accessed through ProQuest on April 10, 2011. &quot;The U.S. Trade and Development Agency will donate Morocco $250,000 to finance a technical-economic study to build a sea water desalination unit...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Warshaddan, oo biyo la cabbo siin doonta magaalada [[El Jadida]], waxay leedahay awood la qorsheeyay oo ah 200,000 m3/d waxaana qorshuhu ahaa in la dhammeeyo sanadkii 2012.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/10/11/general/moroccan-phosphate-solution-hinges-on-desal.html Moroccan phosphate solution hinges on desal]&quot; (Nov. 2009). ''[[Global Water Intelligence]]''. 10(11). Retrieved on April 10, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; OCP waxay kaloo qorshaynaysaa dhisidda afar warshadood oo dheeri ah oo bacriminta fosfatka ah, kuwaas oo ku takhasusay [[diammonium phosphate|diammonium]] iyo [[monoammonium phosphate]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Morocco to boost phosphate mining capacity&quot; (Nov. 29, 2010). ''[[Middle East North Africa Financial Network]]''. Accessed through ProQuest on April 10, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Samsung iyo Daewoo ayaa la siiyay qandaraasyada fulinta dhismaha afartan unug oo dheeri ah (laba midkiiba).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://english.hankyung.com/news/apps/news.view?c1=04&amp;nkey=201304091127131 | title=한경닷컴 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2015/08/127_134154.html |title=Daewoo builds plants in Morocco |access-date=2015-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118031730/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2015/08/127_134154.html |archive-date=2017-01-18 }} ; http://www.daewooenc.com/eng/contribution/download2012/FutureGrowth_growth.pdf)&lt;/ref&gt;

Tan iyo Diseembar, 2006 maamulka dekedda waxaa loo wareejiyay [[Marsa Maroc]], oo ah shirkad guud oo dowladeed oo mas'uul ka ah maamulka sagaal dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko.

Cap Blanc du Nord, oo ah [[lighthouse|laydhka]] ku yaal albaabka laga galo dekedda, looma yaqaan inuu yahay mid la isku halleyn karo, iyadoo iftiinkiisu uu mararka qaar damo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sailing&quot;&gt;[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y-AeYaLGY1MC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA204 Prostar Sailing Directions 2005: West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa]'' (2005). [[ProStar Publications]]. p. 204. {{ISBN|1-57785-660-0}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraac ==
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      <text bytes="7728" sha1="sdirhg37cup0txn4y4anxwvzkpcffn1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Le port de JORF LASFAR 04.JPG|thumb|Jorf Lasfar]]

'''Jorf Lasfar''' ([[Carabi]]: الجرف الأصفر, oo la dhaho &quot;Galka Huruuda ah&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuinness&quot;&gt;McGuinness, Justin. &quot;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ldBtziUKLRIC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA142 Morocco, 4th ed.]&quot; (2003). [[Footprint Travel Guides]]. p. 142. {{ISBN|1-903471-63-X}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; waa deked ganacsi oo biyo mantiq ah oo ku taal xeebta Atlantiga ee [[Morocco|Marooko]].&lt;ref&gt;Cordesman, Anthony H. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uH3RizO9lE8C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA55 A Tragedy of Arms: Military and Security Developments in the Maghreb]''. [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 55. {{ISBN|0-275-96936-3}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Marka loo eego xaddiga alaabta la farsameeyay, marka loo eego 2004, waxaa loo tixgeliyey dekedda labaad ee ugu muhiimsan Marooko (waxay ku xigtaa oo kaliya [[Casablanca]]).&lt;ref&gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA2974 Europa World Year Book 2]'' (2004). [[Taylor &amp; Francis Group]]. p. 2974. {{ISBN|1-85743-255-X}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 8, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay hoy u tahay aag warshadeed oo si degdeg ah u ballaaranaaya,&lt;ref&gt;Lehmann, Ingeborg and Rita Henss. &quot;[https://books.google.com/books?id=CX7zx5C1bf4C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA234 Morocco]&quot; (2009). [[Baedeker]]. p. 234. {{ISBN|3-8297-6623-8}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo ay ku jiraan warshado waaweyn oo soo saara [[Fertilizer|bacriminta dalkada]] iyo warshadaha [[petrochemical]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuinness&quot;/&gt; Dekeddeedu waxay si fiican u qalabaysan tahay dhoofinta [[phosphate|dhagaxa fosfatka]] (oo laga soo qaado [[Gantour, Morocco|Gantour]] iyo [[Ouled Abdoun Basin|Ouled Abdoun]])&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuinness&quot;/&gt; iyo kiimikooyin kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin [[sulphur|salfar]] saafi ah, [[ammonia]], iyo [[sulphuric acid]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Morocco: Moroccan phosphates' lates JV in Indian link&quot; (Nov/Dec 2000). ''[[Sulphur (journal)|Sulphur]]''. Issue 271. p. 11. Accessed through ProQuest on April 9, 2011. &quot;The complex, equipped with units for loading, uploading and storing sulphur, ammonia, sulphuric acid, and phosphates.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Magaaladu waxay hoy u tahay [[power station|shabakadda korontada]] ee madax-bannaan ee ugu weyn dalka—taas oo ugu horrayn lagu maalgeliyey maalgashi ka yimid shirkadda [[Sweden|Iswidhish]]-[[Switzerland|Iswisar]] ee [[ABB Group]] iyo shirkadda Mareykanka ah ee [[CMS Energy]]—taas oo loo maleeyey inay awood u leedahay inay dhaliso saddex meelood meel wadarta guud ee korontada Marooko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jentsch&quot;&gt;Müller-Jentsch, Daniel. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sb5bALxtSd0C&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA50 The Development of Electricity Markets in the Euro-Mediterranean Area: Trends and Prospects for Liberalization and Regional Integration]'' (2001). [[World Bank Publications]]. p. 50. {{ISBN|0-8213-4910-4}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Maalgashigan, oo gaarayay $1.5 bilyan,&lt;ref&gt;[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]. &quot;[https://books.google.com/books?id=JalOGCA2jZQC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA100 Development Centre Seminars Regional Integration in Africa]&quot; (2002). [[OECD Publishing]]. p. 97. {{ISBN|92-64-19779-6}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 8, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu ahaa maalgashigii shisheeye ee ugu weynaa ee hal mar ah ee lagu sameeyo ciidda Marooko ilaa heerkaas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jentsch&quot;/&gt;

Sanadkii 2002 shirkadda Marooko ee [[Office Chérifien des Phosphates]] (OCP)—oo ah shirkad dowladeed oo dhoofisa fosfatka—waxay bilowday dhismaha [[research laboratory|waaxda cilmi-baarista]] [[air quality|tayada hawada]] ee Jorf Lasfar.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins, Rhys. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rtJkCv9z4swC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA284 Environmental Regulation in the New Global Economy: The Impact on Industry and Competitiveness]'' (2002). [[Edward Elgar Publishing]]. p. 284. {{ISBN|1-84376-845-3}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa lagu dhawaaqay sanadkii 2008 in shirkadda [[International Petroleum Investment Company]] (IPIC) oo fadhideedu yahay [[Abu Dhabi]] ay ku jirtay heerarkii hore ee u diyaargarowga dhismaha sifeeyaha saliidda ee Jorf Lasfar oo ku kacaya $5 bilyan. Iyadoo la soo jeediyay awood wax-soo-saar oo dhowreysa 200,000 oo foosto maalintii (bpd), sifeeyaha waxaa qorshuhu ahaa in la dhameystiro sanadkii 2013.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.downstreamtoday.com/projects/Project.aspx?project_id=24 Morocco Refinery]&quot;. ''DownstreamToday.com''. Retrieved on April 9, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Bilowgii sanadkii 2010, OCP waxay bilowday inay aqbasho soo jeedinta dhismaha warshadda [[Desalination|galaal-bixinta biyaha (shubista biyaha badda)]].&lt;ref&gt;Filou, Emilie. &quot;[http://www.emiliefilou.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Desal_Africa_feature_original.pdf Water Desalination projects for a thirsty continent]&quot; (August–September 2010). ''[[The Africa Report]]''. No. 24. pp. 86-8. Retrieved on April 10, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Dawadda Marooko waxay xiisaynaysay dhisidda warshadda ugu yaraan tan iyo sanadkii 2001, markii [[United States Trade and Development Agency]] ay bixisay $250,000 oo loogu talagalay daraasadihii hordhaca ahaa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;US Agency Finances Study on Sea Water Desalination&quot; (Feb. 9, 2001). ''[[Middle East News Online]]''. Accessed through ProQuest on April 10, 2011. &quot;The U.S. Trade and Development Agency will donate Morocco $250,000 to finance a technical-economic study to build a sea water desalination unit...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Warshaddan, oo biyo la cabbo siin doonta magaalada [[El Jadida]], waxay leedahay awood la qorsheeyay oo ah 200,000 m3/d waxaana qorshuhu ahaa in la dhammeeyo sanadkii 2012.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/10/11/general/moroccan-phosphate-solution-hinges-on-desal.html Moroccan phosphate solution hinges on desal]&quot; (Nov. 2009). ''[[Global Water Intelligence]]''. 10(11). Retrieved on April 10, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; OCP waxay kaloo qorshaynaysaa dhisidda afar warshadood oo dheeri ah oo bacriminta fosfatka ah, kuwaas oo ku takhasusay [[diammonium phosphate|diammonium]] iyo [[monoammonium phosphate]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Morocco to boost phosphate mining capacity&quot; (Nov. 29, 2010). ''[[Middle East North Africa Financial Network]]''. Accessed through ProQuest on April 10, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Samsung iyo Daewoo ayaa la siiyay qandaraasyada fulinta dhismaha afartan unug oo dheeri ah (laba midkiiba).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://english.hankyung.com/news/apps/news.view?c1=04&amp;nkey=201304091127131 | title=한경닷컴 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2015/08/127_134154.html |title=Daewoo builds plants in Morocco |access-date=2015-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118031730/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2015/08/127_134154.html |archive-date=2017-01-18 }} ; http://www.daewooenc.com/eng/contribution/download2012/FutureGrowth_growth.pdf)&lt;/ref&gt;

Tan iyo Diseembar, 2006 maamulka dekedda waxaa loo wareejiyay [[Marsa Maroc]], oo ah shirkad guud oo dowladeed oo mas'uul ka ah maamulka sagaal dekedood oo ku yaal Marooko.

Cap Blanc du Nord, oo ah [[lighthouse|laydhka]] ku yaal albaabka laga galo dekedda, looma yaqaan inuu yahay mid la isku halleyn karo, iyadoo iftiinkiisu uu mararka qaar damo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sailing&quot;&gt;[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=y-AeYaLGY1MC&amp;dq=%22Jorf+Lasfar%22&amp;pg=PA204 Prostar Sailing Directions 2005: West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa]'' (2005). [[ProStar Publications]]. p. 204. {{ISBN|1-57785-660-0}}. Google Books. Retrieved on April 7, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}

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      <text bytes="7109" sha1="esv1k1idsxaoib4led3knwpij6gdpel" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox port
| name             = Dekedda Casablanca
| image            = Casablanca-port.jpg|
| image_size       = 
| image_caption          = Casablanca port, 2018
| country          = Morocco
| location         = 
| coordinates      = {{coord|33|36|N|7|37|W|region:MA_type:city(3500000)|display=inline,title}}
| locode           = MACAS&lt;ref name=&quot;locode-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=UNLOCODE (MA) - MOROCCO |url=https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/ma.htm |website=service.unece.org |publisher=[[UNECE]] |access-date=17 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| opened           = 
| operated         = [[Marsa Maroc]]
| owner            = 
| type             = 
| sizewater        = 
| sizeland         = 
| size             = 
| berths           = 
| wharfs           = 
| piers            = 
| employees        = 
| arrivals         = 
| cargotonnage     = 
| containervolume  = 
| cargovalue       = 
| passengertraffic = 
| website          = https://www.anp.org.ma/en/
}}
'''Dekedda Casablanca''' ({{Langx|ar|ميناء الدار البيضاء}} , {{Langx|fr| Port de Casablanca}} ) waxay tixraacaysaa tas-hiilaadka wadajirka ah iyo [[Dock (maritime)|marinnada]] fuliya hawlaha maaraynta [[maritime trade|ganacsiga badda]] ee [[harbour|dekedaha]] [[Casablanca]] kuwaas oo maareeya [[shipping|daabulidda maraakiibta]] Casablanca. Dekeddu waxay ku dhowdahay [[Hassan II Mosque|Masaajidka Xasan II]].

Dekedda Casablanca waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha dalkada ee ugu waaweyn [[Morocco|Marooko]] iyo adduunka, in kasta oo laga sare maray markii [[Tangiers-Med]]—oo ah deked xamuul oo 40&amp;nbsp;km dhanka bari ka xigta Tangiers ahna ta ugu weyn xeebta Mediterranean-ka ee Afrika marka loo eego awoodda wax-qabad—ay adeegga gashay sanadkii 2007. Awooddii bilowgii ee Dekedda Casablanca waxay ahayd 3.5 milyan oo weelasha xamuulka ah.&lt;ref&gt;[http://lexicorient.com/e.o/casablan.htm ''Casablanca'' - ''Encyclopedia of the Orient'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africa-ata.org/mc_casablanca.htm ''Discovering Casablanca''] - The Africa Travel Association&lt;/ref&gt;

Dekedda Casablanca waxay maamushaa wax ka badan 21.3 milyan oo tan oo isku socodka xamuulka ah sannad kasta, taas oo macnaheedu yahay 38% isku socodka Marooko, waxayna samaysaa dakhli iib oo ka badan 894 Milyan oo [[Moroccan Dirham|Dirhamka Marooko ah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ODEP&quot;&gt;[http://www.odep.org.ma/Casablanca/Pr%C3%A9sentation+du+port/Pr%C3%A9sentation.htm ''Port de Casablanca''] {{dead link|date=July 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} - [[ODEP]] {{in lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo baaxaddeedu tahay 605 hektar, dhererkeeduna uu gaarayo wax ka badan 8 kiiloomitir. Waxay qaabili kartaa oo ay adeeg u fidin kartaa wax ka badan 35 [[ship|maraakiib ah]] isku mar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODEP&quot;/&gt;

Dekedda waxaa maamula [[Marsa Maroc]], oo ah beddelkii [[ODEP]] (Office D'Exploitation des Ports), oo ah hay'ad dowladeed oo leh doorka ugu muhiimsan ee hubinta maamulka rakaabka, alaabta iyo maraakiibta sii maraya dekedaha Marooko.

==Taariikhda==

Kahor masiirka duullaanka ee [[Portuguese people|Boortaqiiska]] qarnigii 16-aad, Casablanca waxaa loo ogaa magaca [[Anfa]]. Boortaqiisku waxay u isticmaaleen burburkii Anfa inay ka dhex dhisana [[fort|qalcadd askari]] sanadkii 1515, waxaana aakhirkii eryay Boqortooyadii Saadiyiinta ee Marooko sanadkii 1530. Aasaaska dekedda rasmiga ah ee hadda jirta wuxuu bilaamay xilligii xukunka Sidi Mohammed Bin Abdellah, Sultan-kii Alawi ee Marooko qarnigii 18-aad. Waa Sultan-kan kii u bixiyey Addar Al Beida, ama Casablanca. Qarnigii 19-aad, dadka deegaanka ayaa bilaabay inay koraan iyadoo Casablanca ay noqotay alaab-qeybiyaha ugu weyn ee [[wool|dhogorta]] ee loo diro [[textile industry|warshadaha dharka]] ee aadka u kordhayay ee [[United Kingdom|Ingiriiska]] iyadoo isku socodka maraakiibtuna uu kordhay. Ingiriiska, dhankooda, waxay bilaabeen inay soo dejiyaan [[gunpowder tea|shaaha budada qoriga]], oo ah walxo muhiim u ah cabitaanka qaranka Marooko, ee [[Maghrebi mint tea|shaaha reexada]]. Markay ahayd qariirihii 1860-yadii, waxaa jiray qiyaastii 4,000 oo degane, dadkuna waxay u kordheen qiyaastii 9,000 dabayaaqadii 1880-yadii.&lt;ref&gt;Pennel, CR: ''Morocco from Empire to Independence'', Oneworld, Oxford, 2003, p 121&lt;/ref&gt; Casablanca waxay ahaan jirtay deked cabbirkeedu dhexdhexaad yahay, iyadoo dadkeedu ay gaareen qiyaastii 12,000 dhowr sano ka dib [[French Morocco|qabsashadii Faransiiska]] iyo imaatinkii [[French colonial empires|gumeystihii Faransiiska]] ee magaalada—markii hore sidii maamulayaal ku dhex jira suldanad madax-bannaan, sanadkii 1912.

Maamulkii Marooko ee waagaas wuxuu u xil saaray shirkadda ''[[Compagnie Marocaine]]'' dhismaha deked yar oo baaxadda biyaha laga ilaalinayo aysan ka badnayn 10 hektar. Shaqadu waxay bilaabatay 1906, waxayna ka koobnaayd dhismaha laba dekedood oo yaryar oo ka baxsan qaybaha dekedda qoyan. Dekedda Casablanca waxay bilaabatay in la horumariyo 1906.

Ka dib markii la dhameystiray 1938, qaabka dekedda wuxuu qaatay qaab rasmi ah wuxuuna ku dhex jiray heer biyo ah oo baaxaddiisu tahay 125 hektar, moolal, heerar rami iyo dhoofin loogu talagalay soo xirashada maraakiibta ganacsiga.

Dekeddu waxay soo martay shaqooyin kordhin oo muhiim ah oo ay ku jiraan dheeraynta labada tas-hiilaad ee daabulidda [[phosphate|fosfatka]] iyo dhameystirka qaybta khudaarta [[citrus|liinta]] intii dhexaysay 1950-yadii ilaa 1980-yadii. Shaqooyin kale oo badan ayaa socda ilaa 2013, kuwaas oo ay amar bixisay Marsa-Maroc.

Marin dalxiis oo cusub oo qaadi kara 450.000 oo rakaab ah ayaa la hawlgaliyey sanadkii 2022.&lt;ref&gt;[https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/construction-of-a-new-port-of-casablanca-cruise-terminal-morocco/ constructionreviewonline.com, ''12 Oct. 2021'']&lt;/ref&gt;

==Gariirada Sawirada==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Port of Casablanca (c. 1572).jpg|Dekeddii qovnayd ee Boortaqiiska ee 1572 taas oo u dhiganta dekedda qallalan ee hadda
CasaPort1915.jpg|Dekedda oo dhismo ku jirta sanadkii 1915
Casablanca-port2.jpg|Dekedda Casablanca sanadkii 2018
Casablanca container port 2023.jpg|Dekedda weelasha xamuulka ee sanadkii 2023
&lt;/gallery&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption= &quot;Dhismaha gidaarka badda ee sanadkii 1916&quot;&gt;
Digue - Arabes employés aux travaux de la digue - Casablanca - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - AP62T060506.jpg
Digue - Au chantier de construction de la digue, cubes de ciment - Casablanca - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - AP62T060507.jpg
Digue - Etat actuel de la digue - Casablanca - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - AP62T060505.jpg
Digue - Fabrication de béton pour la confection des cubes de ciment de la digue - Casablanca - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - AP62T060508.jpg
Digue - Indigènes chargeant des pierres dans des wagonnets, pour la fabrication du béton - Casablanca - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - AP62T060510.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|Port of Casablanca}}
* [http://www.anp.org.ma/En/Services/Casablancaport/Pages/Presentation.aspx Casablanca Port Authority], Bandhigga dekedda Casablanca

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zuwetina</title>
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      <text bytes="7731" sha1="i4fbo787veiu4xuewv5uw1do27rj2da" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Zuwetina
|other_name             = 
|native_name            =  الزويتينة&lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|settlement_type        = Magaalo &lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
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|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Libya&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay ku taal Liibiya
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Libya}}
|subdivision_type1      = Gobol
|subdivision_name1      = [[Cyrenaica]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Districts of Libya|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Al Wahat District|Al Wahat]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
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|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
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|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
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|area_urban_km2           =
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|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_footnotes           = &lt;ref name=wolfram&gt;[https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Az+Zuwaytinah Wolfram Alpha]&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 21015
|population_density_km2         =
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|population_density_metro_km2   =
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|population_urban               =
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|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyado
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimo
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone               = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{GEOnet2|32FA8807C6813774E0440003BA962ED3|Az Zuwaytīnah (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|coordinates            = {{coord|30|57|08|N|20|7|13|E|region:LY|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  
|elevation_m            = 5
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
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|blank1_name            =
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|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}} 
'''Zuwetina''' ama '''Zuetine''' (Marsa Uasili; {{langx|ar|الزويتينة}}) waa magaalo xeebeed iyo deked laga dhoofiyo saliidda oo ku taal [[Al Wahat District|Degmada Al Wahat]] ee gobolka [[Cyrenaica]] ee waqooyiga-bari ee [[Libya|Liibiya]].&lt;ref&gt;Maplandia world gazetteer&lt;/ref&gt; Intadii isbaddalaysay 1987 ilaa 2007, Zuwetina waxay ku jirtay dhexdeeda [[Ajdabiya District|Degmadii hore ee Ajdabiya]].

Marinka dhoofinta saliidda ee dekedda yar waxaa maamula Shirkadda Saliidda ee Zuwetina. Hawlaha aasaasiga ah ee magaalada waxay xiriir la leeyihiin soo saarista saliidda iyo daabulidda saliidda ceyriinka ah. Waxay qiyaastii 180&amp;nbsp;km dhanka koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa magaalada [[Benghazi]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zueitina.com.ly/pages/port.php Zuetina Oil Company] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529203325/http://www.zueitina.com.ly/pages/port.php |date=May 29, 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dekeddu waxay leedahay awood ay ku kaydiso 4.3 milyan oo foosto oo saliid ceyriin ah, 986,000 oo foosto oo nafta ah, 136,000 oo foosto oo gaaska butaan ee dareeraha ah iyo 86,000 oo foosto oo gaaska borobane ee dareeraha ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zueitina Oil Port |url=https://www.zueitina.com.ly/en/sites-oil-fields/zueitina-oil-port |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.zueitina.com.ly}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dekeddu waxay ahayd goobtii ay ku dhex mareen [[Battle of Ajdabiya#17–18 March|skirmishes (dagaallo yaryar)]] ciidamada taageersan iyo kuwa ka soo horjeeda Qadaafi intii uu socday [[2011 Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Liibiya ee 2011]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFWEA926720110317|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320054214/http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFWEA926720110317|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 20, 2011|title=Rebels deny Gaddafi troops on Benghazi outskirts|date= March 17, 2011| work=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan iyo markii ay dhacday nidaamkii Qadaafi, waxaa jiray shaqo-joojinno badan iyo carqalado [[environmental conflict|khilaafaadka deegaanka]] ah kuwaas oo ka dhashay khilaaf ka taagan soo saarista saliidda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zueitina oil port blockade, Libya |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/zueitina-oil-port-blockade |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=EJ Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2022, Shirkadda Saliidda Qaranka (NOC) waxay sheegtay in waxyeellada ka dhalatay intii uu dagaalku socday ay ka dhigan tahay in tas-hiilaadka goobta ku yaal ay u nugul yihiin daadan karaan suurtagal ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 May 2022 |title=Libya's NOC announces 'temporary lifting' of force majeure on Zueitina oil port to relieve storage |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/050122-libyas-noc-appeals-for-re-opening-zueitina-oil-terminal-due-to-lack-of-storage-leakage |work=S&amp;P Global}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://www.maplandia.com/libya/ajdabiya-agedabia/az-zuwaytinah/ &quot;Zuwetina Map — Satellite Images of Zuwetina&quot;] Maplandia World Gazetteer 
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      <text bytes="7811" sha1="rrgq0c57ozsh0mhlmzd8lm31q7aiwhb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Zuwetina
|other_name             = 
|native_name            =  الزويتينة&lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|settlement_type        = Magaalo &lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          = 
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = 
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|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = 
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|image_dot_map          =
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|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Libya&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay ku taal Liibiya
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Libya}}
|subdivision_type1      = Gobol
|subdivision_name1      = [[Cyrenaica]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Districts of Libya|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Al Wahat District|Al Wahat]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_footnotes           = &lt;ref name=wolfram&gt;[https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Az+Zuwaytinah Wolfram Alpha]&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 21015
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyado
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimo
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone               = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = &lt;ref&gt;{{GEOnet2|32FA8807C6813774E0440003BA962ED3|Az Zuwaytīnah (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|coordinates            = {{coord|30|57|08|N|20|7|13|E|region:LY|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  
|elevation_m            = 5
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}} 
'''Zuwetina''' ama '''Zuetine''' (Marsa Uasili; {{langx|ar|الزويتينة}}) waa magaalo xeebeed iyo deked laga dhoofiyo saliidda oo ku taal [[Al Wahat District|Degmada Al Wahat]] ee gobolka [[Cyrenaica]] ee waqooyiga-bari ee [[Libya|Liibiya]].&lt;ref&gt;Maplandia world gazetteer&lt;/ref&gt; Intadii isbaddalaysay 1987 ilaa 2007, Zuwetina waxay ku jirtay dhexdeeda [[Ajdabiya District|Degmadii hore ee Ajdabiya]].

Marinka dhoofinta saliidda ee dekedda yar waxaa maamula Shirkadda Saliidda ee Zuwetina. Hawlaha aasaasiga ah ee magaalada waxay xiriir la leeyihiin soo saarista saliidda iyo daabulidda saliidda ceyriinka ah. Waxay qiyaastii 180&amp;nbsp;km dhanka koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa magaalada [[Benghazi]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zueitina.com.ly/pages/port.php Zuetina Oil Company] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zueitina.com.ly/pages/port.php |date=20090529203325 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529203325/http://www.zueitina.com.ly/pages/port.php |date=May 29, 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dekeddu waxay leedahay awood ay ku kaydiso 4.3 milyan oo foosto oo saliid ceyriin ah, 986,000 oo foosto oo nafta ah, 136,000 oo foosto oo gaaska butaan ee dareeraha ah iyo 86,000 oo foosto oo gaaska borobane ee dareeraha ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zueitina Oil Port |url=https://www.zueitina.com.ly/en/sites-oil-fields/zueitina-oil-port |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.zueitina.com.ly}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dekeddu waxay ahayd goobtii ay ku dhex mareen [[Battle of Ajdabiya#17–18 March|skirmishes (dagaallo yaryar)]] ciidamada taageersan iyo kuwa ka soo horjeeda Qadaafi intii uu socday [[2011 Libyan civil war|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Liibiya ee 2011]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFWEA926720110317|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320054214/http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFWEA926720110317|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 20, 2011|title=Rebels deny Gaddafi troops on Benghazi outskirts|date= March 17, 2011| work=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan iyo markii ay dhacday nidaamkii Qadaafi, waxaa jiray shaqo-joojinno badan iyo carqalado [[environmental conflict|khilaafaadka deegaanka]] ah kuwaas oo ka dhashay khilaaf ka taagan soo saarista saliidda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zueitina oil port blockade, Libya |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/zueitina-oil-port-blockade |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=EJ Atlas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2022, Shirkadda Saliidda Qaranka (NOC) waxay sheegtay in waxyeellada ka dhalatay intii uu dagaalku socday ay ka dhigan tahay in tas-hiilaadka goobta ku yaal ay u nugul yihiin daadan karaan suurtagal ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 May 2022 |title=Libya's NOC announces 'temporary lifting' of force majeure on Zueitina oil port to relieve storage |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/050122-libyas-noc-appeals-for-re-opening-zueitina-oil-terminal-due-to-lack-of-storage-leakage |work=S&amp;P Global}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://www.maplandia.com/libya/ajdabiya-agedabia/az-zuwaytinah/ &quot;Zuwetina Map — Satellite Images of Zuwetina&quot;] Maplandia World Gazetteer 
{{Clear}}</text>
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    <title>Ras Lanuf</title>
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&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Ras Lanuf
|other_name             = 
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|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay ku taal Liibiya
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|subdivision_type1      = Gobol
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tripolitania]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Districts of Libya|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Sirte District|Sirte]]
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|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
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}}
'''Ras Lanuf''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|r|ɑː|s|_|l|ə|ˈ|n|uː|f}} ({{langx|ar|راس لانوف}} {{Transliteration|ar|''Raʾs Lānūf''}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4482602&amp;fid=3779&amp;c=libya |title=Ra’s Lānūf: Libya, name, administrative division, geographic coordinates and map |work=Geographical Names |access-date=2011-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; sidoo kale: ''Ra’s al-Unūf'' &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4493342&amp;fid=3763&amp;c=libya |title=Ra’s al Unūf: Libya, name, administrative division, geographic coordinates and map |work=Geographical Names |access-date=2011-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;)) waa magaalo ku taal xeebta [[Mediterranean]]-ka ee waqooyiga [[Libya|Liibiya]], kuna dhow [[Gulf of Sidra|Gacanka Sidra]] ee gobolka [[Tripolitania]]. Magaaladu waxay sidoo kale hoy u tahay [[Ra's Lanuf Refinery|Sifeeyaha Saliidda ee Ras Lanuf]], oo la dhameystiray sanadkii 1984, kaas oo leh awood sifeeyo [[crude oil|saliid ceyriin ah]] oo gaaraysa {{convert|220000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on}}. [[oil refinery|Sifeeyaha saliidda]] waxaa maamula shirkadda [[Ra's Lanuf Oil &amp; Gas Processing Company]], oo ah farac ka tirsan shirkadda dowladeed ee [[National Oil Corporation]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, magaaladu waxay martigelisaa dhismaha petrochemical-ka ee Ras Lanuf – oo ah marin weyn oo dhoofinta saliidda – iyo dhuumaha saliidda ee: Amal–Ras Lanuf, Messla–Ras Lanuf,&lt;ref&gt;''Libya Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis: Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal''. [[Energy Information Administration]] (EIA) July 24, 2007&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhuumaha Defa-Ras Lanuf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://theodora.com/pipelines/north_africa_oil_gas_products_pipelines_map.html |title=North Africa Pipelines map - Crude Oil (petroleum) pipelines – Natural Gas pipelines – Products pipelines |work=Theodora.com/pipelines |access-date=2011-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==

===Xilligii Hore===
Ras Lanuf waxay qayb ka ahayd gumeysigii Giriigga ee [[Pentapolis (North Africa)|Pentapolis]]. Xadka reer galbeedka ee caadiga ah ee Pentapolis wuxuu ku yaallay [[Arae Philaenorum]]. Saliilayaasha qaarkood waxay ku sheegaan inay 40&amp;nbsp;km dhanka bari ka xigto [[El Agheila]], halka kuwa kale ay Arae Philaenorum dhigaan meel u dhow Ras Lanuf,&lt;ref&gt;Müller, Geogr (l.c.)&lt;/ref&gt; iyo munaasabadda xusuusta ee [[Italy|Talyaaniga]] ee [[Marble Arch (Libya)|munaasabadda marmarka ee Philaeni]] waxay halkan taagnaan jirtay ka hor intaan la burburin sanadkii 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Boreum of Cyrenaica|first=R. G.|last=Goodchild|date=1 January 1951|journal=The Journal of Roman Studies|volume=41|pages=11–16|doi=10.2307/298094|jstor=298094}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka===
3-dii Abriil 1941, waxaa jiray [[communiqué|war-saxaafadeed]] dagaal oo Ingiriis ah kaas oo ku saabsanaa [[North Africa Campaign|Ololihii Waqooyiga Afrika]] ee [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] habeenkii 1-da Abriil 1941, halkaas oo diyaaradaha qarxiyayaasha ee Isbahaysigu ay si xooggan u weerareen gaadiidka Jarmalka/Talyaaniga ee Ras Lanuf iyagoo burburiyey gawaari badan.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' 4 April 1941 quoted in ''Daily Telegraph'' 4 April 2011 page 28.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Koraanka xilligii Qadaafi===
Labaadkii 1984, barnaamij weyn oo [[urban development|horumarinta magaalooyinka]] ee Ras Lanuf ayaa waxaa bilaabay Guddiga Sare ee [[Brega]] iyo Ras Lanuf si loo dejiyo shaqaalaha warshadaha saliidda ee u dhow, waxaana la qorsheeyay inay degaan 40,000 oo qof. Naqshadda guud ee qaabka magaalada waxay ahayd mid toosan, iyadoo raacaysa xeebta si loo oggolaado aragtiyo ballaaran iyo xiriir jireed oo fudud oo lala yeesho badda qayb kasta oo magaalada ka mid ah.

Qaab-dhismeedka magaaladu wuxuu ku salaysnaa kala-sarreyn shaqo, isagoo ka koobnaa saddex xarumood oo sameynaya aagag dadweyne oo leh tas-hiilaad bulsho oo ku fidsan xeebta Mediterranean-ka; kuwanna waxaa markooda ku hareeraysnaa dhismooyin guryo dhaadheer ah. Jidka dadka lugeynaya wuxuu isku xiraa tas-hiilaadka dadweynaha, ganacsiga, iyo madaddaalada ee kala duwan iyo aagagga guryaha la dego. Mashruuca waxaa fuliyey [[Devecon Engineers and Architects]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=587 |title=Ras Lanuf Town |publisher=ArchNet Library |access-date=2011-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525052024/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=587 |archive-date=2011-05-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liibiya===
{{Main|Battle of Ra's Lanuf}}
4-tii Maarso 2011 ka dib dagaal culus, mucaaradka Liibiya ee ka hanka ahaa Qadaafi ayaa qabsaday Ras Lanuf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-port-idUSLDE72320420110304 |title=Libyan rebels take oil town of Ras Lanuf – rebels |website=Reuters |date= 2011-03-04|access-date=2011-03-27 |first=Mohammed |last=Abbas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horusocodkii mucaaradka waxaa lagu joojiyey [[Battle of Bin Jawad|Dagaalkii Bin Jawad]] iyo weerar rogaal-celis ah oo ay sameeyeen ciidamada dowladda kaas oo furay wejiga labaad ee Dagaalkii Ras Lanuf. Ka dib duqeyn culus oo xagga cirka, dhulka, iyo badda ah, ciidamada dowladda ayaa dib u qabsaday magaalada 10-kii Maarso.&lt;ref name=&quot;aj11-05-10-2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Rebel forces retreat from Ras Lanuf |date=10 March 2011 |access-date=10 March 2011 |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/03/201131041228856242.html |work=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; 27-kii Maarso mucaaradku waxay dib u hốtteen maamulka Ras Lanuf iyadoo qayb ka ahayd horusocod degdeg ah maadaama 24 saac ka hor ay dib u qabsadeen magaalooyinka muhiimka ah ee [[Brega]] iyo [[Ajdabiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Ben|last=Brown |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12873434 |title=Rebels take Ras Lanuf, Brega, Uqayla, Bin Jawad |work=BBC World News |date=27 March 2011|access-date=27 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin maalmo gudahood ciidamada mucaaradka ayaa dib uga gurtay magaalada mar kale ka dib weerar rogaal-celis cusub oo dowladda ah. 23-dii Agoosto, mucaaradku waxay dib uga qabsadeen Ras Lanuf taageerayaashii dowladda waxayna sii wadeen horusocodkoodii dhanka [[Bin Jawad]] iyo [[Sirte]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|agency=Reuters|title=Rebels take Ras Lanuf oil port|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254750-rebels-take-ras-lanuf-oil-port.html|newspaper=Today's Zaman|location=Istanbul, Turkey|date=23 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824200228/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254750-rebels-take-ras-lanuf-oil-port.html|archive-date=24 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=&lt;!--staff byline; no author given--&gt;|title=Libya conflict: Nato jets hit Gaddafi Sirte bunker|date=26 August 2011|newspaper=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14677754}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaallo goos-goos ah ayaa ka sii socday Ras Lanuf ilaa bishii Sebteembar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=&lt;!--staff byline; no author given--&gt;|title=Libya's new leader calls for civil state|date=13 September 2011|newspaper=Al Jazeera|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/09/2011912214219388500.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110190919/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/09/2011912214219388500.html|archive-date=10 November 2011|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maamulka gobolka==
Under [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta]], Ras Lanuf waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Tripolitania]] iyadoo Talyaaniga ka dib 1934, markaasna waxaa qabsaday Ingiriiska iyadoo mar kale qayb ka ah Tripolitania. Sanadkii 1983 waxay qayb ka noqotay [[Bin Jawad District|Degmada Bin Jawad]]. Tan iyo 1987, waxay ku jirtay dhexdeeda [[Sirte District|Degmada Sirte]].

==Dhaqaalaha==
Ras Lanuf waa xarun muhiim u ah soo dejinta warshadaha petrochemical-ka. [[Ra's Lanuf Refinery|Sifeeyaha Saliidda ee Ras Lanuf]] wuxuu leedahay awood gaaraysa {{convert|220000|oilbbl/d}}. Waa qayb ka mid ah dhismaha petrochemical ee weyn oo ka kooban warshadda [[ethylene]], warshadda [[polyethylene]], tas-hiilaadka warshadda, iyo Dekedda Ras Lanuf. Dekedda Ras Lanuf waxay ka kooban tahay deked yar, oo ay maamulaan shirkadda [[Veba Oil Company]] iyo RASCO. Hawlaheeda aasaasiga ah waxaa ka mid ah ruritaanka saliidda ceyriinka ah iyo alaabta saliidda. Waxay leedahay [[Draft (hull)|giriir moolal]] oo ugu badnaan 22 mitir ah waxayna qiyaastii {{convert|385|km}} dhanka galbeed ka xigtaa [[Benina International Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Benina]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.amtcmar.com/en/ports.htm|title=amtcmar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ras Lanuf waa barta dhamaadka ee dhuumaha saliidda Defa-Ras Lanuf oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|251|km|mi|abbr=on}} iyo dhuumaha saliidda Majid-Nafora-Amal-Ras Lanuf oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|427|km|mi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theodora.com/pipelines/north_africa_oil_gas_products_pipelines_map.html |title=North Africa Pipelines map - Crude Oil (petroleum) pipelines - Natural Gas pipelines - Products pipelines |publisher=Theodora.com/pipelines |access-date=2011-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ras Lanuf waxay leedahay laba garoon diyaaradeed: [[Ra's Lanuf Airport|Ras Lanuf Oil]] (Code:HLNF) iyo Matratin (Code:FR3803).

Ras Lanuf waxaa qorshuhu yahay inay noqoto xisad ku taal nidaamka tareenka qaranka ee cusub ee Liibiya. Intaa waxaa dheer waxay noqon doontaa saldhig dhisme oo loogu talagalay qaybta ay dhisayaan injineerada u dhashay Ruushka, iyadoo leh deked loogu talagalay keenista qalabka. Dekedda waxaa lagu xiriirin doonaa saldhigga khad tareen oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|7.5|km}}.

== Magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ==

*[[Sidra, Libya|Sidra]] ({{convert|13.1|nmi|km|abbr=on}} galbeed)
*[[Bin Jawad]] ({{convert|20.0|nmi|km|abbr=on}} galbeed)
*[[El Agheila]] ({{convert|36.0|nmi|km|abbr=on}} bari)
*[[Qaryat Bishr]] ({{convert|36.1|nmi|km|abbr=on}} bari)
*[[Brega]] ({{convert|42.8|nmi|km|abbr=on}} bari)
*[[Zella, Libya|Zella]] ({{convert|128.7|nmi|km|abbr=on}} koonfur)
*[[Marada, Libya|Marada]] ({{convert|84.1|nmi|km|abbr=on}} koonfur)


==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070914003540/http://gpco.gov.ly/home.php GPCO Website]
*[http://www.mof.gov.ly  اللجنة الشعبية العامة للمالية (= General People's Committee of Finance)]
*[http://www.fita.org/countries/cadre_92.html Libya: Country Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910104553/http://www.fita.org/countries/cadre_92.html |date=10 September 2013 }}
* http://www.RasLanuf.com
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|30|35|12|N|18|24|43|E|type:city_region:LY-SR|display=title|format=dms}}

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|pushpin_map            = Libya&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay ku taal Liibiya
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Libya}}
|subdivision_type1      = Gobol
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tripolitania]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Districts of Libya|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Sirte District|Sirte]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               =
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyado
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimo
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone               = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|30|35|12|N|18|24|43|E|region:LY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = 
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Libya|Sumadda Boorgana]]
| registration_plate      = 51
}}
'''Ras Lanuf''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|r|ɑː|s|_|l|ə|ˈ|n|uː|f}} ({{langx|ar|راس لانوف}} {{Transliteration|ar|''Raʾs Lānūf''}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4482602&amp;fid=3779&amp;c=libya |title=Ra’s Lānūf: Libya, name, administrative division, geographic coordinates and map |work=Geographical Names |access-date=2011-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; sidoo kale: ''Ra’s al-Unūf'' &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4493342&amp;fid=3763&amp;c=libya |title=Ra’s al Unūf: Libya, name, administrative division, geographic coordinates and map |work=Geographical Names |access-date=2011-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;)) waa magaalo ku taal xeebta [[Mediterranean]]-ka ee waqooyiga [[Libya|Liibiya]], kuna dhow [[Gulf of Sidra|Gacanka Sidra]] ee gobolka [[Tripolitania]]. Magaaladu waxay sidoo kale hoy u tahay [[Ra's Lanuf Refinery|Sifeeyaha Saliidda ee Ras Lanuf]], oo la dhameystiray sanadkii 1984, kaas oo leh awood sifeeyo [[crude oil|saliid ceyriin ah]] oo gaaraysa {{convert|220000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on}}. [[oil refinery|Sifeeyaha saliidda]] waxaa maamula shirkadda [[Ra's Lanuf Oil &amp; Gas Processing Company]], oo ah farac ka tirsan shirkadda dowladeed ee [[National Oil Corporation]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, magaaladu waxay martigelisaa dhismaha petrochemical-ka ee Ras Lanuf – oo ah marin weyn oo dhoofinta saliidda – iyo dhuumaha saliidda ee: Amal–Ras Lanuf, Messla–Ras Lanuf,&lt;ref&gt;''Libya Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis: Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal''. [[Energy Information Administration]] (EIA) July 24, 2007&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhuumaha Defa-Ras Lanuf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://theodora.com/pipelines/north_africa_oil_gas_products_pipelines_map.html |title=North Africa Pipelines map - Crude Oil (petroleum) pipelines – Natural Gas pipelines – Products pipelines |work=Theodora.com/pipelines |access-date=2011-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==

===Xilligii Hore===
Ras Lanuf waxay qayb ka ahayd gumeysigii Giriigga ee [[Pentapolis (North Africa)|Pentapolis]]. Xadka reer galbeedka ee caadiga ah ee Pentapolis wuxuu ku yaallay [[Arae Philaenorum]]. Saliilayaasha qaarkood waxay ku sheegaan inay 40&amp;nbsp;km dhanka bari ka xigto [[El Agheila]], halka kuwa kale ay Arae Philaenorum dhigaan meel u dhow Ras Lanuf,&lt;ref&gt;Müller, Geogr (l.c.)&lt;/ref&gt; iyo munaasabadda xusuusta ee [[Italy|Talyaaniga]] ee [[Marble Arch (Libya)|munaasabadda marmarka ee Philaeni]] waxay halkan taagnaan jirtay ka hor intaan la burburin sanadkii 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Boreum of Cyrenaica|first=R. G.|last=Goodchild|date=1 January 1951|journal=The Journal of Roman Studies|volume=41|pages=11–16|doi=10.2307/298094|jstor=298094}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka===
3-dii Abriil 1941, waxaa jiray [[communiqué|war-saxaafadeed]] dagaal oo Ingiriis ah kaas oo ku saabsanaa [[North Africa Campaign|Ololihii Waqooyiga Afrika]] ee [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] habeenkii 1-da Abriil 1941, halkaas oo diyaaradaha qarxiyayaasha ee Isbahaysigu ay si xooggan u weerareen gaadiidka Jarmalka/Talyaaniga ee Ras Lanuf iyagoo burburiyey gawaari badan.&lt;ref&gt;''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' 4 April 1941 quoted in ''Daily Telegraph'' 4 April 2011 page 28.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Koraanka xilligii Qadaafi===
Labaadkii 1984, barnaamij weyn oo [[urban development|horumarinta magaalooyinka]] ee Ras Lanuf ayaa waxaa bilaabay Guddiga Sare ee [[Brega]] iyo Ras Lanuf si loo dejiyo shaqaalaha warshadaha saliidda ee u dhow, waxaana la qorsheeyay inay degaan 40,000 oo qof. Naqshadda guud ee qaabka magaalada waxay ahayd mid toosan, iyadoo raacaysa xeebta si loo oggolaado aragtiyo ballaaran iyo xiriir jireed oo fudud oo lala yeesho badda qayb kasta oo magaalada ka mid ah.

Qaab-dhismeedka magaaladu wuxuu ku salaysnaa kala-sarreyn shaqo, isagoo ka koobnaa saddex xarumood oo sameynaya aagag dadweyne oo leh tas-hiilaad bulsho oo ku fidsan xeebta Mediterranean-ka; kuwanna waxaa markooda ku hareeraysnaa dhismooyin guryo dhaadheer ah. Jidka dadka lugeynaya wuxuu isku xiraa tas-hiilaadka dadweynaha, ganacsiga, iyo madaddaalada ee kala duwan iyo aagagga guryaha la dego. Mashruuca waxaa fuliyey [[Devecon Engineers and Architects]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=587 |title=Ras Lanuf Town |publisher=ArchNet Library |access-date=2011-02-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525052024/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=587 |archive-date=2011-05-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liibiya===
{{Main|Battle of Ra's Lanuf}}
4-tii Maarso 2011 ka dib dagaal culus, mucaaradka Liibiya ee ka hanka ahaa Qadaafi ayaa qabsaday Ras Lanuf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-port-idUSLDE72320420110304 |title=Libyan rebels take oil town of Ras Lanuf – rebels |website=Reuters |date= 2011-03-04|access-date=2011-03-27 |first=Mohammed |last=Abbas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horusocodkii mucaaradka waxaa lagu joojiyey [[Battle of Bin Jawad|Dagaalkii Bin Jawad]] iyo weerar rogaal-celis ah oo ay sameeyeen ciidamada dowladda kaas oo furay wejiga labaad ee Dagaalkii Ras Lanuf. Ka dib duqeyn culus oo xagga cirka, dhulka, iyo badda ah, ciidamada dowladda ayaa dib u qabsaday magaalada 10-kii Maarso.&lt;ref name=&quot;aj11-05-10-2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Rebel forces retreat from Ras Lanuf |date=10 March 2011 |access-date=10 March 2011 |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/03/201131041228856242.html |work=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt; 27-kii Maarso mucaaradku waxay dib u hốtteen maamulka Ras Lanuf iyadoo qayb ka ahayd horusocod degdeg ah maadaama 24 saac ka hor ay dib u qabsadeen magaalooyinka muhiimka ah ee [[Brega]] iyo [[Ajdabiya]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Ben|last=Brown |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12873434 |title=Rebels take Ras Lanuf, Brega, Uqayla, Bin Jawad |work=BBC World News |date=27 March 2011|access-date=27 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin maalmo gudahood ciidamada mucaaradka ayaa dib uga gurtay magaalada mar kale ka dib weerar rogaal-celis cusub oo dowladda ah. 23-dii Agoosto, mucaaradku waxay dib uga qabsadeen Ras Lanuf taageerayaashii dowladda waxayna sii wadeen horusocodkoodii dhanka [[Bin Jawad]] iyo [[Sirte]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|agency=Reuters|title=Rebels take Ras Lanuf oil port|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254750-rebels-take-ras-lanuf-oil-port.html|newspaper=Today's Zaman|location=Istanbul, Turkey|date=23 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824200228/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254750-rebels-take-ras-lanuf-oil-port.html|archive-date=24 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=&lt;!--staff byline; no author given--&gt;|title=Libya conflict: Nato jets hit Gaddafi Sirte bunker|date=26 August 2011|newspaper=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14677754}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaallo goos-goos ah ayaa ka sii socday Ras Lanuf ilaa bishii Sebteembar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=&lt;!--staff byline; no author given--&gt;|title=Libya's new leader calls for civil state|date=13 September 2011|newspaper=Al Jazeera|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/09/2011912214219388500.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110190919/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/09/2011912214219388500.html|archive-date=10 November 2011|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maamulka gobolka==
Under [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta]], Ras Lanuf waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Tripolitania]] iyadoo Talyaaniga ka dib 1934, markaasna waxaa qabsaday Ingiriiska iyadoo mar kale qayb ka ah Tripolitania. Sanadkii 1983 waxay qayb ka noqotay [[Bin Jawad District|Degmada Bin Jawad]]. Tan iyo 1987, waxay ku jirtay dhexdeeda [[Sirte District|Degmada Sirte]].

==Dhaqaalaha==
Ras Lanuf waa xarun muhiim u ah soo dejinta warshadaha petrochemical-ka. [[Ra's Lanuf Refinery|Sifeeyaha Saliidda ee Ras Lanuf]] wuxuu leedahay awood gaaraysa {{convert|220000|oilbbl/d}}. Waa qayb ka mid ah dhismaha petrochemical ee weyn oo ka kooban warshadda [[ethylene]], warshadda [[polyethylene]], tas-hiilaadka warshadda, iyo Dekedda Ras Lanuf. Dekedda Ras Lanuf waxay ka kooban tahay deked yar, oo ay maamulaan shirkadda [[Veba Oil Company]] iyo RASCO. Hawlaheeda aasaasiga ah waxaa ka mid ah ruritaanka saliidda ceyriinka ah iyo alaabta saliidda. Waxay leedahay [[Draft (hull)|giriir moolal]] oo ugu badnaan 22 mitir ah waxayna qiyaastii {{convert|385|km}} dhanka galbeed ka xigtaa [[Benina International Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Benina]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.amtcmar.com/en/ports.htm|title=amtcmar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ras Lanuf waa barta dhamaadka ee dhuumaha saliidda Defa-Ras Lanuf oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|251|km|mi|abbr=on}} iyo dhuumaha saliidda Majid-Nafora-Amal-Ras Lanuf oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|427|km|mi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.theodora.com/pipelines/north_africa_oil_gas_products_pipelines_map.html |title=North Africa Pipelines map - Crude Oil (petroleum) pipelines - Natural Gas pipelines - Products pipelines |publisher=Theodora.com/pipelines |access-date=2011-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ras Lanuf waxay leedahay laba garoon diyaaradeed: [[Ra's Lanuf Airport|Ras Lanuf Oil]] (Code:HLNF) iyo Matratin (Code:FR3803).

Ras Lanuf waxaa qorshuhu yahay inay noqoto xisad ku taal nidaamka tareenka qaranka ee cusub ee Liibiya. Intaa waxaa dheer waxay noqon doontaa saldhig dhisme oo loogu talagalay qaybta ay dhisayaan injineerada u dhashay Ruushka, iyadoo leh deked loogu talagalay keenista qalabka. Dekedda waxaa lagu xiriirin doonaa saldhigga khad tareen oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|7.5|km}}.

== Magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ==

*[[Sidra, Libya|Sidra]] ({{convert|13.1|nmi|km|abbr=on}} galbeed)
*[[Bin Jawad]] ({{convert|20.0|nmi|km|abbr=on}} galbeed)
*[[El Agheila]] ({{convert|36.0|nmi|km|abbr=on}} bari)
*[[Qaryat Bishr]] ({{convert|36.1|nmi|km|abbr=on}} bari)
*[[Brega]] ({{convert|42.8|nmi|km|abbr=on}} bari)
*[[Zella, Libya|Zella]] ({{convert|128.7|nmi|km|abbr=on}} koonfur)
*[[Marada, Libya|Marada]] ({{convert|84.1|nmi|km|abbr=on}} koonfur)


==Tixraac==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070914003540/http://gpco.gov.ly/home.php GPCO Website]
*[http://www.mof.gov.ly  اللجنة الشعبية العامة للمالية (= General People's Committee of Finance)]
*[http://www.fita.org/countries/cadre_92.html Libya: Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fita.org/countries/cadre_92.html |date=20130910104553 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910104553/http://www.fita.org/countries/cadre_92.html |date=10 September 2013 }}
* http://www.RasLanuf.com
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|30|35|12|N|18|24|43|E|type:city_region:LY-SR|display=title|format=dms}}

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    <title>Qasr Axmed</title>
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      <text bytes="13377" sha1="2stupcxg90vrn1ec2cd96ndxrcs209i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          =Qasr Axmad
|other_name             =Gasr Ahmed
|native_name            =ميناء قصر أحمد
|nickname               =
|settlement_type        = Xaafad&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =[[File:Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed - Misrata.jpg|Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed - Misrata]]
|image_caption          =
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              =
|mapsize                =
|map_caption            =
|image_map1             =
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           =
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            =Libya &lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay ku taal Liibiya&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Libya}}
|subdivision_type1      = Gobol
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tripolitania]]
|subdivision_type2      =[[Districts of Libya|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      =[[Misrata District|Misrata]]
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
|subdivision_type4      =
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         =
|unit_pref                =Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           =
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               =
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               =
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyado
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimo
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone               = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +2
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|32|21|30|N|15|12|21|E|region:LY|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           = &lt;!-- accord. to Google Earth--&gt;
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Qasr Ahmad''' ama '''Gasr Ahmed''' ({{langx|ar|ميناء قصر أحمد}}) waa [[neighborhood|xaafad]] iyo deked ku taal gobolka bari ee magaalada [[Misrata]] ee waqooyiga-galbeed ee [[Libya|Liibiya]]. Xaafaddan waxaa loo dhisay si ay guryo u siiso shaqaalaha dekedda.
[[File:Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed - Misrata.jpg|thumb|alt=|Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed]]
Waxay qiyaastii 15 kiiloomitir u jirtaa bartamaha magaalada Misrata, waxayna qiyaastii 250 kiiloomitir u jirtaa [[Tripolini, Libya|Tripoli]], caasimadda Liibiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.marfamar.com/misurata.shtml |title=Misurata |access-date=2011-08-17 |archive-date=2012-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330211702/http://www.marfamar.com/misurata.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
===Qasrigii Axmed===
Qasr waa eray [[Arabic|Carabi]] ah oo u taagan [[palace|qasri]], Qasr Ahmad-na marka loo eego juqraafi-yaqaan Ayyubid Abu al-feda (1273 -1331) (b.&amp;nbsp;202) : &quot;Kasr Ahmed waa magaca magaalo ku taal gobolka Afrika bilowga cimilada afaraad[.] Marka loo eego Sayd Ibn booskeedu wuxuu ku yaal xadka gobolka dhanka bari ee Afrika iyo bilowga dalka Barca ee loolka isku midka ah fogaan qiyaastii laba iyo toban mayl u jirta deegaannada qoyska Berber ee la yiraahdo Misrata. Dhulka waxaa lagu beeray geedaha oliifka iyo timirta Dadka deggan waxay fardo u dhoofiyaan Alexandria Xujeyda u safraysa Mecca ee ka timaada Maghreb waxay dhex maraan iyagoo aad loogu ixtiraamo Casr Ahmed si sax ah waa magaca tuulo u adeegta sidii bakhaar Carabta iyo halka ay ku xidhaan badeecadahooda. Laga soo bilaabo Ahmed Casr waxaan aagnay Barca ee saxaraha dhexdiisa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rQaAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=G%C3%A9ographie+de+Aboulf%C3%A9da+maghreb&amp;pg=PA168 |title = Géographie|year = 1848}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magaca wuxuu u badan yahay inuu tixraacayo qoysaska Carabta ee Axmed ee ka tirsan qabiilka Heyyeb oo laga aasaasay goobtan.

===Cephalae Promontorium===
Hawlaha horumarinta iyo dhismaha ee Qasr Ahmad waxay daaha ka qaadeen haraaga taariikheed oo xiiso leh, oo ay ku jiraan aasaasaykii [[Phoenicia]] iyo [[Ancient Rome|Roomaanka]] kuwaas oo caddaynaya jiritaanka guda weyn oo ku dhow deegaanka. Nadiifintii dhismaha ka hor ee ka hooseysay [[lighthouse|guri-ileyska]] waxay meesha ka saartay [[overburden|caradii sare]] ee aasday [[coin|lacagta birta ah]] ee Roomaanka, [[pottery|weelasha dhoobada]], iyo qaabab qolal ah oo loo rumeysan yahay inay yihiin [[Roman baths|qubayska Roomaanka]], kuwaas oo ah haraaga dekedda saldhigga Roomaanka ee [[Cephalae Promontorium]].

=== Guantii Gu'ga Carabta ee Liibiya &quot;Kacaankii 17-ka Feb.&quot; ee ka dhanka ahaa Qadaafi ===
Bishii May 2011, intii uu socday [[First Libyan Civil War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Sokeeye ee Liibiya]], ciidamada Qadaafi waxay qorsheeyeen weerar habeenimo ah oo ay ku qaadaan Qasr Ahmad iyagoo isticmaalaya diyaarado ku buufiya dawooyinka cayayaanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NATO targets weapons depots|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/5/9/nato-targets-libyan-weapons-depots|access-date=2022-01-20|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dekedaha==
{{Infobox port
| name = Qasr Ahmad &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Dekedda Misrata''&lt;/small&gt;
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| country = {{flag|Libya}}
| location = [[Misrata District]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32|21|50|N|15|13|08|E|region:LY_dim:2000|display=inline}}
| opened =
| operated = Qasr Ahmad Port Authority
| owner =  Socialist Ports Company
| type = 
| sizewater =
| sizeland = 
| size = Small
| berths =
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{{Infobox port
| name = Dekedda Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| country = {{flag|Libya}}
| location = [[Misrata District]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32|20|39|N|15|14|24|E|region:LY_dim:2000|display=inline}}
| opened =
| operated = Libyan Iron and Steel Company
| owner =  Libyan Iron and Steel Company
| type = 
| sizewater =
| sizeland = 
| size = 
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers = 
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
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| blankdetailstitle1 = Main trades
| blankdetails1 = [[Iron|Bir]] iyo [[Steel|Bir-shub]]
| blankdetailstitle2 =
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}}

Qasr Ahmad waxay caan ku tahay inay tahay goobta ay ku taal Dekedda Misrata, taas oo sidata magaceeda, laakiin wadarta guud ee dekedaha ku yaal Qasr Ahmad waa labo.

===Dekedda Misrata===
'''Dekedda Misrata''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Dekedda Qasr Ahmed, waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha ganacsi ee ugu waaweyn Liibiya. Dekeddu waxay ka mid tahay xarumaha ugu muhiimsan ee [[sea|badda]] iyo [[ship transport|gaadiidka maraakiibta]] ee [[North Africa|Waqooyiga Afrika]], iyadoo ah marinka badda ee ugu weyn Liibiya. Sidoo kale waa xarunta Shirkadda Dekedaha Liibiya. Dekeddu waxay leedahay awood ay ku qaaddo 6,000,000 mt sanadkii, iyadoo leh moolal ugu badnaan 11m ah iyo dhererka guud ee dekedda oo ah 3,550m.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.1.5+Libya+Port+of+Misrata 2.1.5 Libya Port of Misrata]&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dekedda Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya===
Waxaa loo dhisay sidii kordhin loogu sameeyay Dekedda Misrata, Dekedda LISCO waxaa si buuxda u leh una maamula [[Libyan Iron and Steel Company|Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya]], iyadoo u adeegta soo dejinteeda, iyo adeegyada dhoofinta.

==Ahmiyadda Ganacsi==
Qasr Ahmad waa goobta ay ka dhacaan hawlaha ganacsi iyo maaliyadeed ee ugu waaweyn ee dowladda Liibiya, iyadoo ah dhulka uu ku yaal mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee [[free economic zone|aagga dhaqaalaha xorta ah]] ee Liibiya, xarunta dhexe iyo wershadaha Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya, iyo maamulka bangiyada gaarka loo leeyahay ee ugu waaweyn [[List of banks in Libya|Liibiya]].

===Aagga Xorta ah ee Misrata===
Waa aag ka caaggan wax kasta oo xayiraad ah sida canshuurta, canshuuraha kastamka, xayiraadaha ganacsiga iyo lacagta, iyo kuwa kaleba, kaas oo lagu aasaasay go'aankii guddiga dadweynaha ee Guud No (495) 2000 uuna dib u habayn ku sameeyay go'aankii [[General People's Committee|Guddiga Dadka ee Guud]].

Aagga xorta ah waxaa loo aasaasay si loo kala duwo loona taageero ilaha dakhliga qaranka iyadoo la soo jiidanaayo maalgashiga Jamahiriya Weyn hanti deegaan oo ka caaggan xayiraadaha maamulka iyo maaliyadda horumarinta ganacsiga, sarrifka alaabta iyo adeegga iyo abuurista saldhig warshadeed marka la eego daabulidda iyo dejinta tignoolajiyada iyo tababarka lagu baranayo iyo siinta fursado shaqo muwaadiniinta, aaggan iyo horumarkiisa waxay kordhin doonaan fursadaha soo jiidashada maalgashadayaasha ee hawlaha warshaddaha, adeegga iyo ganacsiga kuwaas oo beegsanaya suuqyada Afrika si ay u dajiyaan maalgashigooda Jamahiriya.

Aagga Xorta ah ee Misrata wuxuu ku fidayaa 3539 hektar (8745.06 ekar), oo ay ku jirto Dekedda Misrata iyadoo leh awood ballaarin oo dhanka koonfureed ah ilaa in ka badan 2000 hektar (4942.1 ekar).

===Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya===
{{main|Libyan Iron and Steel Company}}
Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya (LISCO) waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu waaweyn ee soo saara birta iyo bir-shubta ee ka hawlgala Waqooyiga Afrika. Waxay ku baddan tahay Misurata, waxaana kabta oo iska leh dowladda Liibiya. Muammar Gaddafi ayaa si rasmi ah u dhigay dhagax-dhigga LISCO 18-kii Sebteembar 1979. Sanadkii 2004, joornaalka internetka ee Arab Steel wuxuu Lisco ka kaalmeeyay kaalinta saddexaad ee shirkadaha ugu waaweyn Carabta ee birta iyo bir-shubta.

Shirkaddu waxay ka hawlgashaa dhismo xarun dhexe ah, shan wershadood, deked baddood, iyo bakhaaro ku yaal Qasr Ahmad.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* Ku saabsan Aagga Xorta ah ee Misrata https://web.archive.org/web/20091205143826/http://www.mfzly.com/en/free.html
* Over the Ages, Misrata (Archeological Paper) https://web.archive.org/web/20110713203958/http://libyan-group.com/arabic/index.php?view=article&amp;id=9:2009-02-11-13-39-51&amp;format=pdf&amp;option=com_content&amp;Itemid=28&amp;lang=en
* Free-Zones.org Misrata https://web.archive.org/web/20050523205412/http://www.free-zones.org/MISURATA%20BROCHURE.doc
*  ندوة المناطق الحرة في ليبيا التي استضافتها مدينة بنغازي (الجزيرة نت) http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/18CCB76C-FB92-42A9-B7D7-9A9B08127469.htm
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&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          =Qasr Axmad
|other_name             =Gasr Ahmed
|native_name            =ميناء قصر أحمد
|nickname               =
|settlement_type        = Xaafad&lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt;
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =[[File:Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed - Misrata.jpg|Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed - Misrata]]
|image_caption          =
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|pushpin_map            =Libya &lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay ku taal Liibiya&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Libya}}
|subdivision_type1      = Gobol
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tripolitania]]
|subdivision_type2      =[[Districts of Libya|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      =[[Misrata District|Misrata]]
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
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|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
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&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
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|unit_pref                =Imperial &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
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&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
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&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
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|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           = &lt;!-- accord. to Google Earth--&gt;
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
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'''Qasr Axmed''' ama '''Gasr Ahmed''' ({{langx|ar|ميناء قصر أحمد}}) waa [[neighborhood|xaafad]] iyo deked ku taal gobolka bari ee magaalada [[Misrata]] ee waqooyiga-galbeed ee [[Libya|Liibiya]]. Xaafaddan waxaa loo dhisay si ay guryo u siiso shaqaalaha dekedda.
[[File:Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed - Misrata.jpg|thumb|alt=|Lighthouse Qaser Ahmed]]
Waxay qiyaastii 15 kiiloomitir u jirtaa bartamaha magaalada Misrata, waxayna qiyaastii 250 kiiloomitir u jirtaa [[Tripolini, Libya|Tripoli]], caasimadda Liibiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.marfamar.com/misurata.shtml |title=Misurata |access-date=2011-08-17 |archive-date=2012-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330211702/http://www.marfamar.com/misurata.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
===Qasrigii Axmed===
Qasr waa eray [[Arabic|Carabi]] ah oo u taagan [[palace|qasri]], Qasr Ahmad-na marka loo eego juqraafi-yaqaan Ayyubid Abu al-feda (1273 -1331) (b.&amp;nbsp;202) : &quot;Kasr Ahmed waa magaca magaalo ku taal gobolka Afrika bilowga cimilada afaraad[.] Marka loo eego Sayd Ibn booskeedu wuxuu ku yaal xadka gobolka dhanka bari ee Afrika iyo bilowga dalka Barca ee loolka isku midka ah fogaan qiyaastii laba iyo toban mayl u jirta deegaannada qoyska Berber ee la yiraahdo Misrata. Dhulka waxaa lagu beeray geedaha oliifka iyo timirta Dadka deggan waxay fardo u dhoofiyaan Alexandria Xujeyda u safraysa Mecca ee ka timaada Maghreb waxay dhex maraan iyagoo aad loogu ixtiraamo Casr Ahmed si sax ah waa magaca tuulo u adeegta sidii bakhaar Carabta iyo halka ay ku xidhaan badeecadahooda. Laga soo bilaabo Ahmed Casr waxaan aagnay Barca ee saxaraha dhexdiisa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rQaAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=G%C3%A9ographie+de+Aboulf%C3%A9da+maghreb&amp;pg=PA168 |title = Géographie|year = 1848}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magaca wuxuu u badan yahay inuu tixraacayo qoysaska Carabta ee Axmed ee ka tirsan qabiilka Heyyeb oo laga aasaasay goobtan.

===Cephalae Promontorium===
Hawlaha horumarinta iyo dhismaha ee Qasr Ahmad waxay daaha ka qaadeen haraaga taariikheed oo xiiso leh, oo ay ku jiraan aasaasaykii [[Phoenicia]] iyo [[Ancient Rome|Roomaanka]] kuwaas oo caddaynaya jiritaanka guda weyn oo ku dhow deegaanka. Nadiifintii dhismaha ka hor ee ka hooseysay [[lighthouse|guri-ileyska]] waxay meesha ka saartay [[overburden|caradii sare]] ee aasday [[coin|lacagta birta ah]] ee Roomaanka, [[pottery|weelasha dhoobada]], iyo qaabab qolal ah oo loo rumeysan yahay inay yihiin [[Roman baths|qubayska Roomaanka]], kuwaas oo ah haraaga dekedda saldhigga Roomaanka ee [[Cephalae Promontorium]].

=== Guantii Gu'ga Carabta ee Liibiya &quot;Kacaankii 17-ka Feb.&quot; ee ka dhanka ahaa Qadaafi ===
Bishii May 2011, intii uu socday [[First Libyan Civil War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Sokeeye ee Liibiya]], ciidamada Qadaafi waxay qorsheeyeen weerar habeenimo ah oo ay ku qaadaan Qasr Ahmad iyagoo isticmaalaya diyaarado ku buufiya dawooyinka cayayaanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NATO targets weapons depots|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/5/9/nato-targets-libyan-weapons-depots|access-date=2022-01-20|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dekedaha==
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| name = Qasr Ahmad &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Dekedda Misrata''&lt;/small&gt;
| image =
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| location = [[Misrata District]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32|21|50|N|15|13|08|E|region:LY_dim:2000|display=inline}}
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| operated = Qasr Ahmad Port Authority
| owner =  Socialist Ports Company
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{{Infobox port
| name = Dekedda Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| country = {{flag|Libya}}
| location = [[Misrata District]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32|20|39|N|15|14|24|E|region:LY_dim:2000|display=inline}}
| opened =
| operated = Libyan Iron and Steel Company
| owner =  Libyan Iron and Steel Company
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}}

Qasr Ahmad waxay caan ku tahay inay tahay goobta ay ku taal Dekedda Misrata, taas oo sidata magaceeda, laakiin wadarta guud ee dekedaha ku yaal Qasr Ahmad waa labo.

===Dekedda Misrata===
'''Dekedda Misrata''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Dekedda Qasr Ahmed, waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha ganacsi ee ugu waaweyn Liibiya. Dekeddu waxay ka mid tahay xarumaha ugu muhiimsan ee [[sea|badda]] iyo [[ship transport|gaadiidka maraakiibta]] ee [[North Africa|Waqooyiga Afrika]], iyadoo ah marinka badda ee ugu weyn Liibiya. Sidoo kale waa xarunta Shirkadda Dekedaha Liibiya. Dekeddu waxay leedahay awood ay ku qaaddo 6,000,000 mt sanadkii, iyadoo leh moolal ugu badnaan 11m ah iyo dhererka guud ee dekedda oo ah 3,550m.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.1.5+Libya+Port+of+Misrata 2.1.5 Libya Port of Misrata]&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dekedda Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya===
Waxaa loo dhisay sidii kordhin loogu sameeyay Dekedda Misrata, Dekedda LISCO waxaa si buuxda u leh una maamula [[Libyan Iron and Steel Company|Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya]], iyadoo u adeegta soo dejinteeda, iyo adeegyada dhoofinta.

==Ahmiyadda Ganacsi==
Qasr Ahmad waa goobta ay ka dhacaan hawlaha ganacsi iyo maaliyadeed ee ugu waaweyn ee dowladda Liibiya, iyadoo ah dhulka uu ku yaal mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee [[free economic zone|aagga dhaqaalaha xorta ah]] ee Liibiya, xarunta dhexe iyo wershadaha Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya, iyo maamulka bangiyada gaarka loo leeyahay ee ugu waaweyn [[List of banks in Libya|Liibiya]].

===Aagga Xorta ah ee Misrata===
Waa aag ka caaggan wax kasta oo xayiraad ah sida canshuurta, canshuuraha kastamka, xayiraadaha ganacsiga iyo lacagta, iyo kuwa kaleba, kaas oo lagu aasaasay go'aankii guddiga dadweynaha ee Guud No (495) 2000 uuna dib u habayn ku sameeyay go'aankii [[General People's Committee|Guddiga Dadka ee Guud]].

Aagga xorta ah waxaa loo aasaasay si loo kala duwo loona taageero ilaha dakhliga qaranka iyadoo la soo jiidanaayo maalgashiga Jamahiriya Weyn hanti deegaan oo ka caaggan xayiraadaha maamulka iyo maaliyadda horumarinta ganacsiga, sarrifka alaabta iyo adeegga iyo abuurista saldhig warshadeed marka la eego daabulidda iyo dejinta tignoolajiyada iyo tababarka lagu baranayo iyo siinta fursado shaqo muwaadiniinta, aaggan iyo horumarkiisa waxay kordhin doonaan fursadaha soo jiidashada maalgashadayaasha ee hawlaha warshaddaha, adeegga iyo ganacsiga kuwaas oo beegsanaya suuqyada Afrika si ay u dajiyaan maalgashigooda Jamahiriya.

Aagga Xorta ah ee Misrata wuxuu ku fidayaa 3539 hektar (8745.06 ekar), oo ay ku jirto Dekedda Misrata iyadoo leh awood ballaarin oo dhanka koonfureed ah ilaa in ka badan 2000 hektar (4942.1 ekar).

===Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya===
{{main|Libyan Iron and Steel Company}}
Shirkadda Birta iyo Bir-shubta ee Liibiya (LISCO) waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu waaweyn ee soo saara birta iyo bir-shubta ee ka hawlgala Waqooyiga Afrika. Waxay ku baddan tahay Misurata, waxaana kabta oo iska leh dowladda Liibiya. Muammar Gaddafi ayaa si rasmi ah u dhigay dhagax-dhigga LISCO 18-kii Sebteembar 1979. Sanadkii 2004, joornaalka internetka ee Arab Steel wuxuu Lisco ka kaalmeeyay kaalinta saddexaad ee shirkadaha ugu waaweyn Carabta ee birta iyo bir-shubta.

Shirkaddu waxay ka hawlgashaa dhismo xarun dhexe ah, shan wershadood, deked baddood, iyo bakhaaro ku yaal Qasr Ahmad.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* Ku saabsan Aagga Xorta ah ee Misrata https://web.archive.org/web/20091205143826/http://www.mfzly.com/en/free.html
* Over the Ages, Misrata (Archeological Paper) https://web.archive.org/web/20110713203958/http://libyan-group.com/arabic/index.php?view=article&amp;id=9:2009-02-11-13-39-51&amp;format=pdf&amp;option=com_content&amp;Itemid=28&amp;lang=en
* Free-Zones.org Misrata https://web.archive.org/web/20050523205412/http://www.free-zones.org/MISURATA%20BROCHURE.doc
*  ندوة المناطق الحرة في ليبيا التي استضافتها مدينة بنغازي (الجزيرة نت) http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/18CCB76C-FB92-42A9-B7D7-9A9B08127469.htm
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      <text bytes="24644" sha1="llsm1somd0410yaz5vwudz756fbw5x9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
| official_name            = Malindi
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities and towns in Kenya by population|Degmo]]
| image_skyline            = Pillar of Vasco da Gama.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya
| image_flag               = 
| flag_size                = 
| image_seal               = 
| seal_size                = 
| image_map                = 
| mapsize                  = 
| map_caption              = 
| pushpin_map              = Kenya#Horn of Africa#Africa
| pushpin_map_caption      = Goobta ay kutaal Kenya##Goobta ay kutaal Geeska Afrika##Goobta ay kutaal Afrika
| pushpin_relief           = 
| subdivision_type         = Waddan
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Kenya}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Counties of Kenya|Ismaamul]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Kilifi County]]
| established_title        = La aasaasay
| established_date         = Qarnigii 13-aad – 14-aad
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| established_title1       = Dib loo dejiyay
| established_date1        = 1861
| area_magnitude           = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial 
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_total_km2           = 
| area_land_km2            = 
| population_as_of         = 2019
| population_footnotes     = &lt;ref name =Census2019&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units&amp;wpdmdl=5728&amp;ind=MT12f0IDWVM-a0J2dc3Xi42qelbruMwR0a7XIWb0iAwnedEVNBjd_1FEwMun_eI5 |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume II: Distribution of Population by Administrative Units |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics |df=dmy |archive-date=3 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303134254/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units&amp;wpdmdl=5728&amp;ind=MT12f0IDWVM-a0J2dc3Xi42qelbruMwR0a7XIWb0iAwnedEVNBjd_1FEwMun_eI5 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_note          = 
| population_total         = 119859
| population_density_km2   = 
| timezone                 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset               = +3
| timezone_DST             = 
| utc_offset_DST           = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|3|13|25|S|40|7|48|E|region:KE|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
}}

'''Malindi''' (oo taariikhda looga yaqaanay '''Melinde''') waa magaalo ku taal Gacanka Malindi ee afka [[Webiga Galana]], waxayna dhacdaa xeebta [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee dalka [[Kenya]]. Waxay 120 kiiloomitir dhanka waqooyi-bari kaga beegan tahay [[Mombasa]]. Tirada dadka Malindi waxay ahayd 119,859 tirakoobkii 2019.&lt;ref name =Census2019/&gt; Waa xarunta magaalo ee ugu weyn [[Kilifi County]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malindi Destination Guide - Kenyan Coastal Resort Town |url=https://www.kenyasafari.com/malindi-guide.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.kenyasafari.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guudmar==
{{More citations needed|section|date=January 2023}}
Dalxiisku waa warshadaha ugu waaweyn ee Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://malindimunicipality.go.ke/home/about/ |website=Municipality of Malindi |access-date=22 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goobaha hidaha ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]], [[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisadda Burtuqiiska]], [[House of Columns, Malindi|Guriga Tiirarka]] iyo [[Malindi Museum Heritage Complex|Matxafka Hidaha ee Malindi]].

Malindi waxaa u adeega garoon diyaaradeed oo gudaha ah iyo waddo weyn oo u dhaxaysa [[Mombasa]] iyo [[Lamu]]. Magaalada [[Watamu]] ee u dhow iyo [[Ruins of Gedi|Bur-burka Gedi]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Gede) ayaa dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan Malindi. Afka [[Athi-Galana-Sabaki River|Webiga Sabaki]] wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=Top Affordable Places to Visit in Malindi Kenya |url=https://www.wakenyawataliitourstravel.com/top-affordable-places-to-visit-in-malindi-kenya/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Watamu Marine National Park|Watamu]] iyo [[Malindi Marine National Park]] waxay sameeyaan aag xeeb ah oo la ilaaliyo oo ka bilaabma koonfurta Malindi. Aaggu wuxuu muujinayaa tusaalayaal caadi ah oo ah [[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]. Inta badan dadka ku nool Malindi waa [[Islam in Kenya|Muslimiin]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Arye Oded|Oded, Arye]] (2000). ''Islam and Politics in Kenya''. [[Lynne Rienner Publishers]], p. 11&lt;/ref&gt;

Malindi waa guriga [[Malindi Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Malindi]] iyo [[Broglio Space Center]] (oo hore u ahaa ''San Marco Equatorial Range''{{clarify|date=June 2026}}).&lt;ref name=bbc&gt;{{cite news |last1=Einashe |first1=Ismail |title=How Kenya's Malindi morphed into 'Little Italy' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56284827 |access-date=22 June 2026 |publisher=BBC |date=5 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
{{See also|Malindi Kingdom}}
[[File:Vasco da Gama e o Rei de Melinde (Centro Cultural Português de Santos).png|thumb|left|Sahamiyaha Burtuqiiska [[Vasco da Gama]] oo la kulmaya Boqorkii Malindi 1498. [[Portuguese Empire|Boqortooyada Burtuqiiska]] waxay xukuntay Malindi intii u dhaxaysay 1500 ilaa 1630.]]

Malindi waxay u kortay sidii qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimada soo ifbaxaysa ee [[Swahili people|Sawaaxiliga]] intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 5-aad ilaa 10-aad. Beeralay ku hadla luuqadaha [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] ayaa u soo guuray aagga, halkaas oo ay ka sameeyeen birta, ku dhisteen guryo alwaax iyo qori ah oo lagu saqafay caleemaha timirta, ku hadlay lahjad maxalli ah oo [[kiSwahili|Sawaaxili]] ah, oo ay ku lug yeesheen ganacsiga gobolka iyo mararka qaarkood ganacsiga fog. Soo noolaynta shabakadaha [[Indian Ocean trade|ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya]] dhamaadkii kunka sano ee ugu horeeyay waxay horseeday degsiimooyin waaweyn, korodhka ganacsiga fog, iyo kakanaanta bulshada. Bilowgii qarnigii 11-aad, Sawaaxiliga xeebta ku noolaa waxay u dhaqmayeen sidii dhex-dhexaadiye u dhexeeya [[Somali people|Soomaalida]], [[Egyptians|Masar-iyiinta]], [[Nubians|Nuubiyiinta]], [[Arabs|Carabta]], [[Persians|Faarisiinta]], iyo [[Indian people|Hindiya]]. Waxay bilaabeen inay dhistaan magaalooyin deyr leh, guryo coral ah, dadka sareena waxay qaateen Islaamka, iyagoo inta badan ku hadla Carabi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Middleton |first1=John |title=The World of the Swahili |date=1994 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |pages=1–45}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Malindi Kingdom|Boqortooyadii Malindi]] waxay u muuqataa inay samaysantay qiyaastii qarnigii 9-aad ee miilaadiyada waxayna kortay awood badan labadii qarni ee ka hor inta aan [[Vasco da Gama]] keenin [[Portugal|Burtuqiiska]] gumeysiga gobolka, ka dambe wuxuu horseeday hoos u dhaca ilbaxnimada. Magaalada Malindi, oo la aasaasay qiyaastii 850 miilaadiyada, waxay ku tiil meel ka waqooyi badan magaalada casriga ah, waxayna u muuqataa inay burburtay qiyaastii 1000 miilaadiyada. Waxaa jiray calaamado yar oo degitaan ah labadii qarni ee ku xigay, ka dibna soo kabasho iyo barwaaqo ayaa timid 1200-meeyadii.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

Tixraacii ugu horeeyay ee qoran ee ku saabsan Malindi maanta waxay u badan tahay inay ka timid [[Ibn Kathir|Abu al-Fida]] (1273–1331), oo ahaa juqraafi iyo taariikhyahan [[Kurds|Kurdi]] ah. Wuxuu qoray in Malindi ay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee afka webi ka bilaabma buur boqollaal mayl u jirta. Buurtan waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay [[Mount Kenya|Buurta Kenya]], halkaas oo uu ka soo askumo [[Athi-Galana-Sabaki River|Webiga Galana]]. Sidaas darteed, Malindi waxay jirtay sidii degsiimo [[Swahili people|Sawaaxili]] ah tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 13-aad.&lt;ref name=Martin1970&gt;{{cite book|first=Esmond Bradley|last=Martin|title=Malindi. Past and Present|year=2009|publisher=The National Museum of Kenya|edition=New|orig-year=originally published in 1970}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mar ay kula tartamayso [[Mombasa]] oo keliya talada qaybtan Bariga Afrika, Malindi waxay dhaqan ahaan ahayd magaalo deked ah. Sanadkii 1414, magaalada waxaa [[Ming treasure voyages#Fifth voyage|soo booqday safar]] uu hoggaaminayay sahamiyaha Shiinaha ee [[Zheng He]]. Xukumihii Malindi wuxuu u diray ergay gaar ah oo wata geri hadiyad ahaan Shiinaha safarkaas.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt;

Sahamiyaha Burtuqiiska [[Vasco da Gama]] wuxuu la kulmay maamulka Malindi 1498 si uu u saxiixo heshiis ganacsi oo uu u kireysto hage u safra Hindiya, markaas oo uu taagay [[padrão|tiir]] loo yaqaan maanta [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]]. Vasco da Gama waxaa si diiran u soo dhaweeyay Suldaankii Malindi, taas oo ka duwan soo dhawayntii colka ahayd ee uu kala kulmay [[Mombasa]].&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Waa goob dalxiis oo caan u ah dalxiisayaasha gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ahba.

Sanadkii 1498, Malindi waxay ahayd magaalo barwaaqo ah oo ay ku nool yihiin inta u dhaxaysa 5,000 iyo 10,000 oo qof. Inta badan dadka waxay ahaayeen Muslimiin xilligan, iyagoo qaatey Islaamka inta badan intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 13-aad iyo 14-aad. Sida magaalooyinka kale ee Sawaaxiliga ee qarniyadii dhexe, dabaqadda xukunta ama ''wazee'' waxay ka koobnayd madaxda qoysaska ugu taajirsan. Sida dadka kale ee ku hadla luuqadaha Bantu, madaxdan qabaa'ilka ayaa dooran jiray ''mwenye mui'' ama madax ku hadla afka dadka. Burtuqiisku waxay si khaldan ugu yeeri jireen dadkan &quot;Boqoro,&quot; iyagoo si khaldan u fahmay dabeecadda ururka siyaasadda Sawaaxiliga. ''Wazee'' waxay ku hadli jireen Sawaaxili iyo Carabi, waxayna sheegan jireen asal khuraafaad ah oo ka yimid Bariga, inta badan Faaris.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vernet |first1=Thomas |title=Les Cites-Etats Swahili de L'Archipel de Lamu, 1585–1810 |date=2005 |publisher=Universite Paris I |location=Paris |pages=103–104}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilaha ugu weyn ee barwaaqada Malindi waxay ahayd dhoofinta foolmaroodiga iyo geesaha wiyisha iyo sidoo kale dhoofinta alaabada beeraha sida qumbaha, liinta, masagada iyo bariiska.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Sanadihii ka hor imaatinka Burtuqiiska, Malindi waxay ahayd awood goboleed laakiin waxay aad uga dambaysay labada dawladood ee ugu waaweyn, Mombasa iyo Kilwa. Markii, 1499, Burtuqiisku ay ka aasaaseen xarun ganacsi Malindi oo u adeegi jirtay goob nasasho oo ku socota oo ka imanaysa Hindiya, waxaa si weyn u soo dhaweeyay ''wazee'' oo doonayay inay isticmaalaan awoodda milatari ee Burtuqiiska si ay naftooda uga dhigaan kuwo ka sarreeya xafiiltankooda Mombasa. Sanadkii 1500, Boqor Dom [[Manuel I of Portugal|Manuel I]] wuxuu u soo bandhigay xaalad vassal Malindi. Malindi waxay taageertay dadaallada guuleystay ee Burtuqiiska ee ku aaddan qabsashada Kilwa iyo Mombasa 1505. Sanadkii 1502, [[Portuguese people|Burtuqiisku]] waxay ka aasaaseen [[Factory (trading post)|xarun]] Malindi, taas oo jirtay ilaa 1593.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://museums.or.ke/the-portuguese-chapel/|title=The Portuguese Chapel|website=National Museums of Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hoos u dhaca Kilwa iyo Mombasa ayaa horseeday in Malindi ay barwaaqowdo. Malindi waxay kortay markii Sawaaxili kale, iyo sidoo kale ganacsatada Carabta, Faaris, iyo Hindiya, farsamayaqaannada, badmaaxayaasha, iyo shaqaalaha ay u soo qulquleen magaalada cusub ee awoodda leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vernet |first1=Thomas |title=Les Cites-Etats Swahili de L'Archipel de Lamu, 1585–1810 |date=2005 |publisher=Universite Paris I |location=Paris |pages=65–97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malindi waxay sii ahaan jirtay xarunta hawlaha Burtuqiiska ee bariga Afrika ilaa 1593, markii Burtuqiisku ay saldhiggooda ugu weyn u rareen Mombasa.&lt;ref&gt;Eric Axelson, ''Portuguese in South-East Africa 1488-1600'' (C. Struik Ltd. 1973), p. 188-197.&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waxay ahayd iyadoo la kaashanayo Segeju iyo Sheekhii Malindi. Sida xulufada ugu weyn ee Burtuqiiska ee Bariga Afrika ee ku teedsan xeebta Sawaaxiliga, Malindi waxay taageertay dadaallada guuleystay ee Burtuqiiska ee ku aaddan qabsashada Kilwa iyo Mombasa. Labada magaalo ee Sawaaxiliga badanaa waxay lahaayeen khilaafyo dhexdooda ah iyagoo u dagaallamaya inay u taliyaan ganacsiga. Dagaalkiisa milatari ee ka dhanka ah Mombasa, Sheekhii Malindi wuxuu la midoobay Burtuqiiska iyo Segeju si ay u qabsadaan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Pouwels |first1=Randall L. |last2=Ogot |first2=B. A. |date=October 1994 |title=General History of Africa. Volume 5, Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168901 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=1371 |doi=10.2307/2168901 |jstor=2168901 |issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1592, Segeju waxay qabsadeen Mombasa, ugu dambayntiina waxay u dhiibeen Sheekhii Malindi. Sheekhu wuxuu markaas u raray maxkamaddiisa Malindi ilaa Mombasa wuxuuna xukumay 1593 ilaa 1630.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=F. J. |date=January 1968 |title=The Swahili Community of Mombasa, 1500–1900 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700008343 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=35–56 |doi=10.1017/s0021853700008343 |s2cid=162622809 |issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waqtigan, wuxuu ku casuumay xulufadiisa, Burtuqiiska, inay dhistaan xarun milatari oo ay ka taliyaan magaalada.

[[File:Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail.jpg|thumb|left|Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail]]
Ka dib markii Burtuqiisku tageen, magaaladu waxay tartiib tartiib hoos ugu dhacday ilaa ay ku dhawaatay inay baaba'do dhamaadkii qarnigii 17-aad. Shaxdii 1823 ee [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|Admiralty ee Boqortooyada Midowday]] ee 'Melinda' ayaa ku dhawaaqday in waqtigaas aysan jirin 'wax raad ah oo ka mid ah magaaladii mar quruxda badnayd ee Melinda' marka laga reebo [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_667_Port_Melinda_(Malindi)_detail.jpg 'Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail']&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1845, [[Johann Ludwig Krapf|Ludwig Krapf]] wuxuu soo booqday magaalada wuxuuna helay iyadoo ay qarisay dhirta oo aan cidina degnayn.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; [[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisad Burtuqiis ah]] oo leh xabaalo ayaa la dhisay ka hor 1542 markii [[Francis Xavier]] uu soo booqday magaalada.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Guryo badan oo [[Swahili architecture|dhisme Sawaaxili ah]] ayaa badbaaday, oo ay ku jirto Masaajidka Juma.

[[File:Melinda in Melinda chart 1873.jpg|thumb|Qorshaha Malindi, Abriil 1873]]
Malindi waxaa dib u aasaasay [[Majid bin Said of Zanzibar|Suldaan Majid]] oo ka tirsan [[Zanzibar]] 1861 iyo ilaa dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad waxay u adeegtay sidii xarun ganacsiga addoonta. Qorshaha magaalada 1873 wuxuu muujinayaa aagga shaqada waqtigaas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melinda_chart_1873.jpg Qorshaha Melinda (Malindi, Kenya), 29 Abriil 1873]&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1890, Malindi waxay timid maamulkii Ingiriiska iyo ganacsigii addoonta iyo addoonsigii waa la baabi'iyay. Ficilkani wuxuu horseeday hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid wax soo saarka beeraha. Marka laga reebo beeraha waxaa jiray warshado yar oo Malindi bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad; waxaa ka mid ahaa samaynta roogagga iyo boorsooyinka, burburinta miraha [[sesame|sisinta]] ee saliidda iyo soo saarista cabitaan Sawaaxili ah oo loo yaqaan tembo. Malindi waxaa si rasmi ah looga dhigay magaalo 1903. Toban sano ka dib dadkeedu waxay marayeen qiyaastii 1148 waxaana ku jiray 843 Afrikaan ah, 230 Carab ah, 67 Aasiyaan ah iyo 8 Yurubiyaan ah.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=de V. Allen |first=J. |date=1973 |editor-last=MARTIN |editor-first=ESMOND BRADLEY |title=A History of Malindi Invaders |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520411 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=3 |issue=1/2 |pages=158–161 |jstor=24520411 |issn=0251-0391}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Malindi town view.jpg|thumb|200px|Muuqaal magaaladii hore ee Malindi]]
Malindi waxay la kulantay kor u kac ganacsi intii u dhaxaysay dhamaadkii Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka iyo 1925, markii ay dhacday macaluul. Dhoofinta dekedaha shisheeye waxay korodhay ilaa £26,000 sannadkii 1924. Yurubiyaanka ayaa bilaabay inay ku soo noqdaan Malindi 1930-meeyadii, iyagoo ka iibsanaya dhul Carabta. Qaar ka mid ah sida [[Sydney Turing Barlow Lawford|Commander Lawford]] waxay fureen hudheelladii ugu horreeyay, kuwaas oo noqday aasaaska mustaqbalka warshadaha dalxiiska. Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Malindi waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah laba magaalo oo Bariga Afrika ah oo ay duqeeyeen Talyaanigu. Tani waxay dhacday 24 Oktoobar 1940, dhacdadan ka dibna ciidamada xulufada ayaa la dhigay magaalada ilaa dhamaadkii dagaalka. Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib Malindi waxay bilowday inay u korto sidii goob dalxiis.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Markii [[Broglio Space Center]] furmay, [[Italian diaspora|qaxooti Talyaani ah]] ayaa bilaabay inay sameeyaan.&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt;

==Cimilada==
Malindi waxay leedahay [[Tropical savanna climate|cimilada kuleylaha ee saxaraha qalalan]] ([[Köppen climate classification|kala soocidda cimilada Köppen]] ''As'').
{{Weather box
|location = Malindi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan record high C = 34.0
|Feb record high C = 34.0
|Mar record high C = 34.5
|Apr record high C = 39.0
|May record high C = 32.2
|Jun record high C = 30.5
|Jul record high C = 30.8
|Aug record high C = 29.8
|Sep record high C = 32.0
|Oct record high C = 32.0
|Nov record high C = 34.1
|Dec record high C = 33.0
|year record high C = 39.0
|Jan high C = 31.0
|Feb high C = 31.4
|Mar high C = 32.3
|Apr high C = 31.7
|May high C = 29.4
|Jun high C = 28.5
|Jul high C = 27.8
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 28.6
|Oct high C = 29.8
|Nov high C = 30.7
|Dec high C = 31.3
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 27.9
|Feb mean C = 28.2
|Mar mean C = 29.0
|Apr mean C = 28.6
|May mean C = 26.9
|Jun mean C = 26.2
|Jul mean C = 25.5
|Aug mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 26.0
|Oct mean C = 27.0
|Nov mean C = 27.8
|Dec mean C = 28.2
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 24.5
|Feb low C = 24.5
|Mar low C = 25.4
|Apr low C = 25.4
|May low C = 24.3
|Jun low C = 23.8
|Jul low C = 22.9
|Aug low C = 22.8
|Sep low C = 22.9
|Oct low C = 23.5
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 24.6
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = 20.0
|Feb record low C = 19.6
|Mar record low C = 21.0
|Apr record low C = 20.8
|May record low C = 21.0
|Jun record low C = 19.5
|Jul record low C = 18.6
|Aug record low C = 17.0
|Sep record low C = 17.2
|Oct record low C = 19.0
|Nov record low C = 19.0
|Dec record low C = 21.0
|year record low C = 17.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 11
|Feb precipitation mm = 17
|Mar precipitation mm = 36
|Apr precipitation mm = 163
|May precipitation mm = 298
|Jun precipitation mm = 154
|Jul precipitation mm = 91
|Aug precipitation mm = 64
|Sep precipitation mm = 47
|Oct precipitation mm = 68
|Nov precipitation mm = 75
|Dec precipitation mm = 35
|year precipitation mm = 1059
|Jan precipitation days = 2
|Feb precipitation days = 2
|Mar precipitation days = 3
|Apr precipitation days = 11
|May precipitation days = 17
|Jun precipitation days = 12
|Jul precipitation days = 12
|Aug precipitation days = 9
|Sep precipitation days = 7
|Oct precipitation days = 6
|Nov precipitation days = 6
|Dec precipitation days = 3
|year precipitation days = 90
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]&lt;ref name = WMO &gt;{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1798
| title = World Weather Information Service – Malindi
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 31 August 2016
| archive-date = 15 September 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160915062827/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1798
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2 = Meteo Climat&lt;ref name = meteoclimat&gt;{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1766 
| title = Station Malindi 
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
| language = fr 
| access-date = 31 August 2016 
| archive-date = 10 May 2017 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170510071342/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1766 
| url-status = live 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Maamulka maxalliga ah ==
Malindi hadda waxay ku jirtaa [[Kilifi County|Ismaamulka Kilifi]] sida uu dhigayo isbeddelada maamulka ee dastuurka cusub ee la ansixiyay Agoosto 2010. Malindi waxay samaysaa gole degmo oo leh saddex iyo toban xaafadood: Barani, Ganda/Mkaumoto, [[Gede, Kenya|Gede]], Gede North, Gede South, Kijiwetanga, Madunguni, Malimo, Malindi Central, Malindi North, Maweni, Shella, iyo [[Watamu|Watamu Town]]. Dhammaantood waxay ku yaalaan [[Malindi Constituency|Degmada Doorashada Malindi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pollingcentres&quot;&gt;[http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf Polling Centres in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628084749/http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf |date=28 June 2007 }}. Electoral Commission of Kenya.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:House of Columns Malindi.jpg|Hore ee &quot;Guriga Tiirarka&quot;
File:Robinson Island Kenya.jpg|Agagaarka Jasiiradda Robinson waqooyiga Malindi
File:Sun rise Malindi.jpg|Qorrax ka soo baxa Badweynta Hindiya ee Malindi
File:Colours of the sea.jpg|Xeeb u dhow Malindi
Malindi.jpg|Doonyaha qorrax dhaca ee Malindi
[[File:Malindi Nightlife as captured on aerial photography.jpg|thumb|alt=Malindi Kenya as captured by Malindians.com|Nolosha habeenkii ee Malindi sida ay sawireen sawirrada hawada]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Dhaqanka caanka ah==
Sheekada ''&quot;MALI D'AFRICA&quot;'' (ee Sara Cardelli) waxay sharxaysaa jacayl aan suurtogal ahayn oo ka dhacay Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html   Jacayl aan suurtogal ahayn oo ka dhacay Malindi ee Talyaaniga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106213501/http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html |date=6 November 2020 }} —  ku saabsan sheekada Sara Cardelli, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inta badan dhacdooyinka [[Andrei Gusev]]'s sheekooyinka ''Once in Malindi'' (2021)&lt;ref&gt;[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''&quot;Once in Malindi&quot;''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=16 October 2020 }} —  on  Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''Our Wild Sex in Malindi'' (2020)&lt;ref&gt;[http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm &quot;Our Wild Sex in Malindi&quot;] ee [[Andrei Gusev]], 2020 {{in lang|ru}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka dhacaan Malindi, [[Watamu]], ama [[Lamu]]. Sheekooyinku waxay sharxayaan nolosha jilayaasha (qoraa Ruush ah Andy iyo xaaskiisa Jennifer, oo ku dhalatay Kenya) magaalooyinkan 2010-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm  Dib u eegista ''&quot;Our Wild Sex in Malindi&quot;''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} —  on  the site of public fund &quot;Union of writers of Moscow&quot;, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm  Dib u eegista ''&quot;Once in Malindi&quot;''] on  the site of public fund &quot;Union of writers of Moscow&quot;, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heesta ''&quot;Yasoi Malindi&quot;'' waxaa qoray Yasoy Kala Kana oo ku saabsan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;[https://music.yandex.ru/album/3004276 ''Ndukanoe – Yasoi Malindi'']{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ee Yasoy Kala Kana, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[List of Swahili settlements of the East African coast|Degsiimooyinkii Taariikhiga ahaa ee Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]]
*[[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisadda Burtuqiiska]]
*[[House of Columns, Malindi|Guriga Tiirarka]]
*[[Malindi Kingdom|Boqortooyadii Malindi]]
*[[Sinking of the Christiana Hama|Degitaankii 'Christiana Hama']]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{commons category|Malindi}}
{{wikivoyage|Malindi}}
* [http://www.malindimunicipal.org Websaydhka Golaha Degmada Malindi]
* [http://malindirugby.blogspot.com Websaydhka Malindi RFC]
*[https://malindians.com Xarunta Macluumaadka Dalxiiska ee Malindi Kenya]</text>
      <sha1>llsm1somd0410yaz5vwudz756fbw5x9</sha1>
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      <text bytes="24642" sha1="2w37v7pa0gea1mnmz9hqc4ivq8va9qt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
| official_name            = Malindi
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities and towns in Kenya by population|Degmo]]
| image_skyline            = Pillar of Vasco da Gama.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya
| image_flag               = 
| flag_size                = 
| image_seal               = 
| seal_size                = 
| image_map                = 
| mapsize                  = 
| map_caption              = 
| pushpin_map              = Kenya#Horn of Africa#Africa
| pushpin_map_caption      = Goobta ay kutaal Kenya##Goobta ay kutaal Geeska Afrika##Goobta ay kutaal Afrika
| pushpin_relief           = 
| subdivision_type         = Waddan
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Kenya}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Counties of Kenya|Ismaamul]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Kilifi County]]
| established_title        = La aasaasay
| established_date         = Qarnigii 13-aad – 14-aad
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| established_title1       = Dib loo dejiyay
| established_date1        = 1861
| area_magnitude           = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial 
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_total_km2           = 
| area_land_km2            = 
| population_as_of         = 2019
| population_footnotes     = &lt;ref name =Census2019&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units&amp;wpdmdl=5728&amp;ind=MT12f0IDWVM-a0J2dc3Xi42qelbruMwR0a7XIWb0iAwnedEVNBjd_1FEwMun_eI5 |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume II: Distribution of Population by Administrative Units |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics |df=dmy |archive-date=3 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303134254/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units&amp;wpdmdl=5728&amp;ind=MT12f0IDWVM-a0J2dc3Xi42qelbruMwR0a7XIWb0iAwnedEVNBjd_1FEwMun_eI5 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_note          = 
| population_total         = 119859
| population_density_km2   = 
| timezone                 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset               = +3
| timezone_DST             = 
| utc_offset_DST           = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|3|13|25|S|40|7|48|E|region:KE|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
}}

'''Malindi''' (oo taariikhda looga yaqaanay '''Melinde''') waa magaalo ku taal Gacanka Malindi ee afka [[Webiga Galana]], waxayna dhacdaa xeebta [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee dalka [[Kenya]]. Waxay 120 kiiloomitir dhanka waqooyi-bari kaga beegan tahay [[Mombasa]]. Tirada dadka Malindi waxay ahayd 119,859 tirakoobkii 2019.&lt;ref name =Census2019/&gt; Waa xarunta magaalo ee ugu weyn [[Kilifi County]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malindi Destination Guide - Kenyan Coastal Resort Town |url=https://www.kenyasafari.com/malindi-guide.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.kenyasafari.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guudmar==
{{More citations needed|section|date=January 2023}}
Dalxiisku waa warshadaha ugu waaweyn ee Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://malindimunicipality.go.ke/home/about/ |website=Municipality of Malindi |access-date=22 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goobaha hidaha ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]], [[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisadda Burtuqiiska]], [[House of Columns, Malindi|Guriga Tiirarka]] iyo [[Malindi Museum Heritage Complex|Matxafka Hidaha ee Malindi]].

Malindi waxaa u adeega garoon diyaaradeed oo gudaha ah iyo waddo weyn oo u dhaxaysa [[Mombasa]] iyo [[Lamu]]. Magaalada [[Watamu]] ee u dhow iyo [[Ruins of Gedi|Bur-burka Gedi]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Gede) ayaa dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan Malindi. Afka [[Athi-Galana-Sabaki River|Webiga Sabaki]] wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=Top Affordable Places to Visit in Malindi Kenya |url=https://www.wakenyawataliitourstravel.com/top-affordable-places-to-visit-in-malindi-kenya/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Watamu Marine National Park|Watamu]] iyo [[Malindi Marine National Park]] waxay sameeyaan aag xeeb ah oo la ilaaliyo oo ka bilaabma koonfurta Malindi. Aaggu wuxuu muujinayaa tusaalayaal caadi ah oo ah [[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]. Inta badan dadka ku nool Malindi waa [[Islam in Kenya|Muslimiin]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Arye Oded|Oded, Arye]] (2000). ''Islam and Politics in Kenya''. [[Lynne Rienner Publishers]], p. 11&lt;/ref&gt;

Malindi waa guriga [[Malindi Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Malindi]] iyo [[Broglio Space Center]] (oo hore u ahaa ''San Marco Equatorial Range''{{clarify|date=June 2026}}).&lt;ref name=bbc&gt;{{cite news |last1=Einashe |first1=Ismail |title=How Kenya's Malindi morphed into 'Little Italy' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56284827 |access-date=22 June 2026 |publisher=BBC |date=5 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
{{See also|Malindi Kingdom}}
[[File:Vasco da Gama e o Rei de Melinde (Centro Cultural Português de Santos).png|thumb|left|Sahamiyaha Burtuqiiska [[Vasco da Gama]] oo la kulmaya Boqorkii Malindi 1498. [[Portuguese Empire|Boqortooyada Burtuqiiska]] waxay xukuntay Malindi intii u dhaxaysay 1500 ilaa 1630.]]

Malindi waxay u kortay sidii qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimada soo ifbaxaysa ee [[Swahili people|Sawaaxiliga]] intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 5-aad ilaa 10-aad. Beeralay ku hadla luuqadaha [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] ayaa u soo guuray aagga, halkaas oo ay ka sameeyeen birta, ku dhisteen guryo alwaax iyo qori ah oo lagu saqafay caleemaha timirta, ku hadlay lahjad maxalli ah oo [[kiSwahili|Sawaaxili]] ah, oo ay ku lug yeesheen ganacsiga gobolka iyo mararka qaarkood ganacsiga fog. Soo noolaynta shabakadaha [[Indian Ocean trade|ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya]] dhamaadkii kunka sano ee ugu horeeyay waxay horseeday degsiimooyin waaweyn, korodhka ganacsiga fog, iyo kakanaanta bulshada. Bilowgii qarnigii 11-aad, Sawaaxiliga xeebta ku noolaa waxay u dhaqmayeen sidii dhex-dhexaadiye u dhexeeya [[Somali people|Soomaalida]], [[Egyptians|Masar-iyiinta]], [[Nubians|Nuubiyiinta]], [[Arabs|Carabta]], [[Persians|Faarisiinta]], iyo [[Indian people|Hindiya]]. Waxay bilaabeen inay dhistaan magaalooyin deyr leh, guryo coral ah, dadka sareena waxay qaateen Islaamka, iyagoo inta badan ku hadla Carabi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Middleton |first1=John |title=The World of the Swahili |date=1994 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |pages=1–45}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Malindi Kingdom|Boqortooyadii Malindi]] waxay u muuqataa inay samaysantay qiyaastii qarnigii 9-aad ee miilaadiyada waxayna kortay awood badan labadii qarni ee ka hor inta aan [[Vasco da Gama]] keenin [[Portugal|Burtuqiiska]] gumeysiga gobolka, ka dambe wuxuu horseeday hoos u dhaca ilbaxnimada. Magaalada Malindi, oo la aasaasay qiyaastii 850 miilaadiyada, waxay ku tiil meel ka waqooyi badan magaalada casriga ah, waxayna u muuqataa inay burburtay qiyaastii 1000 miilaadiyada. Waxaa jiray calaamado yar oo degitaan ah labadii qarni ee ku xigay, ka dibna soo kabasho iyo barwaaqo ayaa timid 1200-meeyadii.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

Tixraacii ugu horeeyay ee qoran ee ku saabsan Malindi maanta waxay u badan tahay inay ka timid [[Ibn Kathir|Abu al-Fida]] (1273–1331), oo ahaa juqraafi iyo taariikhyahan [[Kurds|Kurdi]] ah. Wuxuu qoray in Malindi ay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee afka webi ka bilaabma buur boqollaal mayl u jirta. Buurtan waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay [[Mount Kenya|Buurta Kenya]], halkaas oo uu ka soo askumo [[Athi-Galana-Sabaki River|Webiga Galana]]. Sidaas darteed, Malindi waxay jirtay sidii degsiimo [[Swahili people|Sawaaxili]] ah tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 13-aad.&lt;ref name=Martin1970&gt;{{cite book|first=Esmond Bradley|last=Martin|title=Malindi. Past and Present|year=2009|publisher=The National Museum of Kenya|edition=New|orig-year=originally published in 1970}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mar ay kula tartamayso [[Mombasa]] oo keliya talada qaybtan Bariga Afrika, Malindi waxay dhaqan ahaan ahayd magaalo deked ah. Sanadkii 1414, magaalada waxaa [[Ming treasure voyages#Fifth voyage|soo booqday safar]] uu hoggaaminayay sahamiyaha Shiinaha ee [[Zheng He]]. Xukumihii Malindi wuxuu u diray ergay gaar ah oo wata geri hadiyad ahaan Shiinaha safarkaas.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt;

Sahamiyaha Burtuqiiska [[Vasco da Gama]] wuxuu la kulmay maamulka Malindi 1498 si uu u saxiixo heshiis ganacsi oo uu u kireysto hage u safra Hindiya, markaas oo uu taagay [[padrão|tiir]] loo yaqaan maanta [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]]. Vasco da Gama waxaa si diiran u soo dhaweeyay Suldaankii Malindi, taas oo ka duwan soo dhawayntii colka ahayd ee uu kala kulmay [[Mombasa]].&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Waa goob dalxiis oo caan u ah dalxiisayaasha gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ahba.

Sanadkii 1498, Malindi waxay ahayd magaalo barwaaqo ah oo ay ku nool yihiin inta u dhaxaysa 5,000 iyo 10,000 oo qof. Inta badan dadka waxay ahaayeen Muslimiin xilligan, iyagoo qaatey Islaamka inta badan intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 13-aad iyo 14-aad. Sida magaalooyinka kale ee Sawaaxiliga ee qarniyadii dhexe, dabaqadda xukunta ama ''wazee'' waxay ka koobnayd madaxda qoysaska ugu taajirsan. Sida dadka kale ee ku hadla luuqadaha Bantu, madaxdan qabaa'ilka ayaa dooran jiray ''mwenye mui'' ama madax ku hadla afka dadka. Burtuqiisku waxay si khaldan ugu yeeri jireen dadkan &quot;Boqoro,&quot; iyagoo si khaldan u fahmay dabeecadda ururka siyaasadda Sawaaxiliga. ''Wazee'' waxay ku hadli jireen Sawaaxili iyo Carabi, waxayna sheegan jireen asal khuraafaad ah oo ka yimid Bariga, inta badan Faaris.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vernet |first1=Thomas |title=Les Cites-Etats Swahili de L'Archipel de Lamu, 1585–1810 |date=2005 |publisher=Universite Paris I |location=Paris |pages=103–104}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilaha ugu weyn ee barwaaqada Malindi waxay ahayd dhoofinta foolmaroodiga iyo geesaha wiyisha iyo sidoo kale dhoofinta alaabada beeraha sida qumbaha, liinta, masagada iyo bariiska.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Sanadihii ka hor imaatinka Burtuqiiska, Malindi waxay ahayd awood goboleed laakiin waxay aad uga dambaysay labada dawladood ee ugu waaweyn, Mombasa iyo Kilwa. Markii, 1499, Burtuqiisku ay ka aasaaseen xarun ganacsi Malindi oo u adeegi jirtay goob nasasho oo ku socota oo ka imanaysa Hindiya, waxaa si weyn u soo dhaweeyay ''wazee'' oo doonayay inay isticmaalaan awoodda milatari ee Burtuqiiska si ay naftooda uga dhigaan kuwo ka sarreeya xafiiltankooda Mombasa. Sanadkii 1500, Boqor Dom [[Manuel I of Portugal|Manuel I]] wuxuu u soo bandhigay xaalad vassal Malindi. Malindi waxay taageertay dadaallada guuleystay ee Burtuqiiska ee ku aaddan qabsashada Kilwa iyo Mombasa 1505. Sanadkii 1502, [[Portuguese people|Burtuqiisku]] waxay ka aasaaseen [[Factory (trading post)|xarun]] Malindi, taas oo jirtay ilaa 1593.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://museums.or.ke/the-portuguese-chapel/|title=The Portuguese Chapel|website=National Museums of Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hoos u dhaca Kilwa iyo Mombasa ayaa horseeday in Malindi ay barwaaqowdo. Malindi waxay kortay markii Sawaaxili kale, iyo sidoo kale ganacsatada Carabta, Faaris, iyo Hindiya, farsamayaqaannada, badmaaxayaasha, iyo shaqaalaha ay u soo qulquleen magaalada cusub ee awoodda leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vernet |first1=Thomas |title=Les Cites-Etats Swahili de L'Archipel de Lamu, 1585–1810 |date=2005 |publisher=Universite Paris I |location=Paris |pages=65–97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malindi waxay sii ahaan jirtay xarunta hawlaha Burtuqiiska ee bariga Afrika ilaa 1593, markii Burtuqiisku ay saldhiggooda ugu weyn u rareen Mombasa.&lt;ref&gt;Eric Axelson, ''Portuguese in South-East Africa 1488-1600'' (C. Struik Ltd. 1973), p. 188-197.&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waxay ahayd iyadoo la kaashanayo Segeju iyo Sheekhii Malindi. Sida xulufada ugu weyn ee Burtuqiiska ee Bariga Afrika ee ku teedsan xeebta Sawaaxiliga, Malindi waxay taageertay dadaallada guuleystay ee Burtuqiiska ee ku aaddan qabsashada Kilwa iyo Mombasa. Labada magaalo ee Sawaaxiliga badanaa waxay lahaayeen khilaafyo dhexdooda ah iyagoo u dagaallamaya inay u taliyaan ganacsiga. Dagaalkiisa milatari ee ka dhanka ah Mombasa, Sheekhii Malindi wuxuu la midoobay Burtuqiiska iyo Segeju si ay u qabsadaan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Pouwels |first1=Randall L. |last2=Ogot |first2=B. A. |date=October 1994 |title=General History of Africa. Volume 5, Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168901 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=1371 |doi=10.2307/2168901 |jstor=2168901 |issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1592, Segeju waxay qabsadeen Mombasa, ugu dambayntiina waxay u dhiibeen Sheekhii Malindi. Sheekhu wuxuu markaas u raray maxkamaddiisa Malindi ilaa Mombasa wuxuuna xukumay 1593 ilaa 1630.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=F. J. |date=January 1968 |title=The Swahili Community of Mombasa, 1500–1900 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700008343 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=35–56 |doi=10.1017/s0021853700008343 |s2cid=162622809 |issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waqtigan, wuxuu ku casuumay xulufadiisa, Burtuqiiska, inay dhistaan xarun milatari oo ay ka taliyaan magaalada.

[[File:Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail.jpg|thumb|left|Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail]]
Ka dib markii Burtuqiisku tageen, magaaladu waxay tartiib tartiib hoos ugu dhacday ilaa ay ku dhawaatay inay baaba'do dhamaadkii qarnigii 17-aad. Shaxdii 1823 ee [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|Admiralty ee Boqortooyada Midowday]] ee 'Melinda' ayaa ku dhawaaqday in waqtigaas aysan jirin 'wax raad ah oo ka mid ah magaaladii mar quruxda badnayd ee Melinda' marka laga reebo [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_667_Port_Melinda_(Malindi)_detail.jpg 'Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail']&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1845, [[Johann Ludwig Krapf|Ludwig Krapf]] wuxuu soo booqday magaalada wuxuuna helay iyadoo ay qarisay dhirta oo aan cidina degnayn.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; [[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisad Burtuqiis ah]] oo leh xabaalo ayaa la dhisay ka hor 1542 markii [[Francis Xavier]] uu soo booqday magaalada.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Guryo badan oo [[Swahili architecture|dhisme Sawaaxili ah]] ayaa badbaaday, oo ay ku jirto Masaajidka Juma.

[[File:Melinda in Melinda chart 1873.jpg|thumb|Qorshaha Malindi, Abriil 1873]]
Malindi waxaa dib u aasaasay [[Majid bin Said of Zanzibar|Suldaan Majid]] oo ka tirsan [[Zanzibar]] 1861 iyo ilaa dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad waxay u adeegtay sidii xarun ganacsiga addoonta. Qorshaha magaalada 1873 wuxuu muujinayaa aagga shaqada waqtigaas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melinda_chart_1873.jpg Qorshaha Melinda (Malindi, Kenya), 29 Abriil 1873]&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1890, Malindi waxay timid maamulkii Ingiriiska iyo ganacsigii addoonta iyo addoonsigii waa la baabi'iyay. Ficilkani wuxuu horseeday hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid wax soo saarka beeraha. Marka laga reebo beeraha waxaa jiray warshado yar oo Malindi bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad; waxaa ka mid ahaa samaynta roogagga iyo boorsooyinka, burburinta miraha [[sesame|sisinta]] ee saliidda iyo soo saarista cabitaan Sawaaxili ah oo loo yaqaan tembo. Malindi waxaa si rasmi ah looga dhigay magaalo 1903. Toban sano ka dib dadkeedu waxay marayeen qiyaastii 1148 waxaana ku jiray 843 Afrikaan ah, 230 Carab ah, 67 Aasiyaan ah iyo 8 Yurubiyaan ah.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=de V. Allen |first=J. |date=1973 |editor-last=MARTIN |editor-first=ESMOND BRADLEY |title=A History of Malindi Invaders |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520411 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=3 |issue=1/2 |pages=158–161 |jstor=24520411 |issn=0251-0391}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Malindi town view.jpg|thumb|200px|Muuqaal magaaladii hore ee Malindi]]
Malindi waxay la kulantay kor u kac ganacsi intii u dhaxaysay dhamaadkii Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka iyo 1925, markii ay dhacday macaluul. Dhoofinta dekedaha shisheeye waxay korodhay ilaa £26,000 sannadkii 1924. Yurubiyaanka ayaa bilaabay inay ku soo noqdaan Malindi 1930-meeyadii, iyagoo ka iibsanaya dhul Carabta. Qaar ka mid ah sida [[Sydney Turing Barlow Lawford|Commander Lawford]] waxay fureen hudheelladii ugu horreeyay, kuwaas oo noqday aasaaska mustaqbalka warshadaha dalxiiska. Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Malindi waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah laba magaalo oo Bariga Afrika ah oo ay duqeeyeen Talyaanigu. Tani waxay dhacday 24 Oktoobar 1940, dhacdadan ka dibna ciidamada xulufada ayaa la dhigay magaalada ilaa dhamaadkii dagaalka. Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib Malindi waxay bilowday inay u korto sidii goob dalxiis.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Markii [[Broglio Space Center]] furmay, [[Italian diaspora|qaxooti Talyaani ah]] ayaa bilaabay inay sameeyaan.&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt;

==Cimilada==
Malindi waxay leedahay [[Tropical savanna climate|cimilada kuleylaha ee saxaraha qalalan]] ([[Köppen climate classification|kala soocidda cimilada Köppen]] ''As'').
{{Weather box
|location = Malindi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan record high C = 34.0
|Feb record high C = 34.0
|Mar record high C = 34.5
|Apr record high C = 39.0
|May record high C = 32.2
|Jun record high C = 30.5
|Jul record high C = 30.8
|Aug record high C = 29.8
|Sep record high C = 32.0
|Oct record high C = 32.0
|Nov record high C = 34.1
|Dec record high C = 33.0
|year record high C = 39.0
|Jan high C = 31.0
|Feb high C = 31.4
|Mar high C = 32.3
|Apr high C = 31.7
|May high C = 29.4
|Jun high C = 28.5
|Jul high C = 27.8
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 28.6
|Oct high C = 29.8
|Nov high C = 30.7
|Dec high C = 31.3
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 27.9
|Feb mean C = 28.2
|Mar mean C = 29.0
|Apr mean C = 28.6
|May mean C = 26.9
|Jun mean C = 26.2
|Jul mean C = 25.5
|Aug mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 26.0
|Oct mean C = 27.0
|Nov mean C = 27.8
|Dec mean C = 28.2
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 24.5
|Feb low C = 24.5
|Mar low C = 25.4
|Apr low C = 25.4
|May low C = 24.3
|Jun low C = 23.8
|Jul low C = 22.9
|Aug low C = 22.8
|Sep low C = 22.9
|Oct low C = 23.5
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 24.6
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = 20.0
|Feb record low C = 19.6
|Mar record low C = 21.0
|Apr record low C = 20.8
|May record low C = 21.0
|Jun record low C = 19.5
|Jul record low C = 18.6
|Aug record low C = 17.0
|Sep record low C = 17.2
|Oct record low C = 19.0
|Nov record low C = 19.0
|Dec record low C = 21.0
|year record low C = 17.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 11
|Feb precipitation mm = 17
|Mar precipitation mm = 36
|Apr precipitation mm = 163
|May precipitation mm = 298
|Jun precipitation mm = 154
|Jul precipitation mm = 91
|Aug precipitation mm = 64
|Sep precipitation mm = 47
|Oct precipitation mm = 68
|Nov precipitation mm = 75
|Dec precipitation mm = 35
|year precipitation mm = 1059
|Jan precipitation days = 2
|Feb precipitation days = 2
|Mar precipitation days = 3
|Apr precipitation days = 11
|May precipitation days = 17
|Jun precipitation days = 12
|Jul precipitation days = 12
|Aug precipitation days = 9
|Sep precipitation days = 7
|Oct precipitation days = 6
|Nov precipitation days = 6
|Dec precipitation days = 3
|year precipitation days = 90
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]&lt;ref name = WMO &gt;{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1798
| title = World Weather Information Service – Malindi
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 31 August 2016
| archive-date = 15 September 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160915062827/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1798
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2 = Meteo Climat&lt;ref name = meteoclimat&gt;{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1766 
| title = Station Malindi 
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
| language = fr 
| access-date = 31 August 2016 
| archive-date = 10 May 2017 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170510071342/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1766 
| url-status = live 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Maamulka maxalliga ah ==
Malindi hadda waxay ku jirtaa [[Kilifi County|Ismaamulka Kilifi]] sida uu dhigayo isbeddelada maamulka ee dastuurka cusub ee la ansixiyay Agoosto 2010. Malindi waxay samaysaa gole degmo oo leh saddex iyo toban xaafadood: Barani, Ganda/Mkaumoto, [[Gede, Kenya|Gede]], Gede North, Gede South, Kijiwetanga, Madunguni, Malimo, Malindi Central, Malindi North, Maweni, Shella, iyo [[Watamu|Watamu Town]]. Dhammaantood waxay ku yaalaan [[Malindi Constituency|Degmada Doorashada Malindi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pollingcentres&quot;&gt;[http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf Polling Centres in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628084749/http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf |date=28 June 2007 }}. Electoral Commission of Kenya.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sawiro==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:House of Columns Malindi.jpg|Hore ee &quot;Guriga Tiirarka&quot;
File:Robinson Island Kenya.jpg|Agagaarka Jasiiradda Robinson waqooyiga Malindi
File:Sun rise Malindi.jpg|Qorrax ka soo baxa Badweynta Hindiya ee Malindi
File:Colours of the sea.jpg|Xeeb u dhow Malindi
Malindi.jpg|Doonyaha qorrax dhaca ee Malindi
[[File:Malindi Nightlife as captured on aerial photography.jpg|thumb|alt=Malindi Kenya as captured by Malindians.com|Nolosha habeenkii ee Malindi sida ay sawireen sawirrada hawada]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Dhaqanka caanka ah==
Sheekada ''&quot;MALI D'AFRICA&quot;'' (ee Sara Cardelli) waxay sharxaysaa jacayl aan suurtogal ahayn oo ka dhacay Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html   Jacayl aan suurtogal ahayn oo ka dhacay Malindi ee Talyaaniga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106213501/http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html |date=6 November 2020 }} —  ku saabsan sheekada Sara Cardelli, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inta badan dhacdooyinka [[Andrei Gusev]]'s sheekooyinka ''Once in Malindi'' (2021)&lt;ref&gt;[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''&quot;Once in Malindi&quot;''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=16 October 2020 }} —  on  Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''Our Wild Sex in Malindi'' (2020)&lt;ref&gt;[http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm &quot;Our Wild Sex in Malindi&quot;] ee [[Andrei Gusev]], 2020 {{in lang|ru}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka dhacaan Malindi, [[Watamu]], ama [[Lamu]]. Sheekooyinku waxay sharxayaan nolosha jilayaasha (qoraa Ruush ah Andy iyo xaaskiisa Jennifer, oo ku dhalatay Kenya) magaalooyinkan 2010-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm  Dib u eegista ''&quot;Our Wild Sex in Malindi&quot;''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} —  on  the site of public fund &quot;Union of writers of Moscow&quot;, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm  Dib u eegista ''&quot;Once in Malindi&quot;''] on  the site of public fund &quot;Union of writers of Moscow&quot;, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heesta ''&quot;Yasoi Malindi&quot;'' waxaa qoray Yasoy Kala Kana oo ku saabsan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;[https://music.yandex.ru/album/3004276 ''Ndukanoe – Yasoi Malindi'']{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ee Yasoy Kala Kana, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[List of Swahili settlements of the East African coast|Degsiimooyinkii Taariikhiga ahaa ee Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]]
*[[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisadda Burtuqiiska]]
*[[House of Columns, Malindi|Guriga Tiirarka]]
*[[Malindi Kingdom|Boqortooyadii Malindi]]
*[[Sinking of the Christiana Hama|Degitaankii 'Christiana Hama']]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{commons category|Malindi}}
{{wikivoyage|Malindi}}
* [http://www.malindimunicipal.org Websaydhka Golaha Degmada Malindi]
* [http://malindirugby.blogspot.com Websaydhka Malindi RFC]
*[https://malindians.com Xarunta Macluumaadka Dalxiiska ee Malindi Kenya]</text>
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      <text bytes="24802" sha1="elp8nlo7f53yg4cisajiku7pxmdhiqm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
| official_name            = Malindi
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities and towns in Kenya by population|Degmo]]
| image_skyline            = Pillar of Vasco da Gama.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya
| image_flag               = 
| flag_size                = 
| image_seal               = 
| seal_size                = 
| image_map                = 
| mapsize                  = 
| map_caption              = 
| pushpin_map              = Kenya#Horn of Africa#Africa
| pushpin_map_caption      = Goobta ay kutaal Kenya##Goobta ay kutaal Geeska Afrika##Goobta ay kutaal Afrika
| pushpin_relief           = 
| subdivision_type         = Waddan
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Kenya}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Counties of Kenya|Ismaamul]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Kilifi County]]
| established_title        = La aasaasay
| established_date         = Qarnigii 13-aad – 14-aad
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| established_title1       = Dib loo dejiyay
| established_date1        = 1861
| area_magnitude           = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial 
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_total_km2           = 
| area_land_km2            = 
| population_as_of         = 2019
| population_footnotes     = &lt;ref name =Census2019&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units&amp;wpdmdl=5728&amp;ind=MT12f0IDWVM-a0J2dc3Xi42qelbruMwR0a7XIWb0iAwnedEVNBjd_1FEwMun_eI5 |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume II: Distribution of Population by Administrative Units |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics |df=dmy |archive-date=3 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303134254/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units&amp;wpdmdl=5728&amp;ind=MT12f0IDWVM-a0J2dc3Xi42qelbruMwR0a7XIWb0iAwnedEVNBjd_1FEwMun_eI5 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_note          = 
| population_total         = 119859
| population_density_km2   = 
| timezone                 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset               = +3
| timezone_DST             = 
| utc_offset_DST           = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|3|13|25|S|40|7|48|E|region:KE|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
}}

'''Malindi''' (oo taariikhda looga yaqaanay '''Melinde''') waa magaalo ku taal Gacanka Malindi ee afka [[Webiga Galana]], waxayna dhacdaa xeebta [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee dalka [[Kenya]]. Waxay 120 kiiloomitir dhanka waqooyi-bari kaga beegan tahay [[Mombasa]]. Tirada dadka Malindi waxay ahayd 119,859 tirakoobkii 2019.&lt;ref name =Census2019/&gt; Waa xarunta magaalo ee ugu weyn [[Kilifi County]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malindi Destination Guide - Kenyan Coastal Resort Town |url=https://www.kenyasafari.com/malindi-guide.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.kenyasafari.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Guudmar==
{{More citations needed|section|date=January 2023}}
Dalxiisku waa warshadaha ugu waaweyn ee Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://malindimunicipality.go.ke/home/about/ |website=Municipality of Malindi |access-date=22 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goobaha hidaha ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]], [[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisadda Burtuqiiska]], [[House of Columns, Malindi|Guriga Tiirarka]] iyo [[Malindi Museum Heritage Complex|Matxafka Hidaha ee Malindi]].

Malindi waxaa u adeega garoon diyaaradeed oo gudaha ah iyo waddo weyn oo u dhaxaysa [[Mombasa]] iyo [[Lamu]]. Magaalada [[Watamu]] ee u dhow iyo [[Ruins of Gedi|Bur-burka Gedi]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Gede) ayaa dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan Malindi. Afka [[Athi-Galana-Sabaki River|Webiga Sabaki]] wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=Top Affordable Places to Visit in Malindi Kenya |url=https://www.wakenyawataliitourstravel.com/top-affordable-places-to-visit-in-malindi-kenya/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Watamu Marine National Park|Watamu]] iyo [[Malindi Marine National Park]] waxay sameeyaan aag xeeb ah oo la ilaaliyo oo ka bilaabma koonfurta Malindi. Aaggu wuxuu muujinayaa tusaalayaal caadi ah oo ah [[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]. Inta badan dadka ku nool Malindi waa [[Islam in Kenya|Muslimiin]].&lt;ref&gt;[[Arye Oded|Oded, Arye]] (2000). ''Islam and Politics in Kenya''. [[Lynne Rienner Publishers]], p. 11&lt;/ref&gt;

Malindi waa guriga [[Malindi Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Malindi]] iyo [[Broglio Space Center]] (oo hore u ahaa ''San Marco Equatorial Range''{{clarify|date=June 2026}}).&lt;ref name=bbc&gt;{{cite news |last1=Einashe |first1=Ismail |title=How Kenya's Malindi morphed into 'Little Italy' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56284827 |access-date=22 June 2026 |publisher=BBC |date=5 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
{{See also|Malindi Kingdom}}
[[File:Vasco da Gama e o Rei de Melinde (Centro Cultural Português de Santos).png|thumb|left|Sahamiyaha Burtuqiiska [[Vasco da Gama]] oo la kulmaya Boqorkii Malindi 1498. [[Portuguese Empire|Boqortooyada Burtuqiiska]] waxay xukuntay Malindi intii u dhaxaysay 1500 ilaa 1630.]]

Malindi waxay u kortay sidii qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimada soo ifbaxaysa ee [[Swahili people|Sawaaxiliga]] intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 5-aad ilaa 10-aad. Beeralay ku hadla luuqadaha [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] ayaa u soo guuray aagga, halkaas oo ay ka sameeyeen birta, ku dhisteen guryo alwaax iyo qori ah oo lagu saqafay caleemaha timirta, ku hadlay lahjad maxalli ah oo [[kiSwahili|Sawaaxili]] ah, oo ay ku lug yeesheen ganacsiga gobolka iyo mararka qaarkood ganacsiga fog. Soo noolaynta shabakadaha [[Indian Ocean trade|ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya]] dhamaadkii kunka sano ee ugu horeeyay waxay horseeday degsiimooyin waaweyn, korodhka ganacsiga fog, iyo kakanaanta bulshada. Bilowgii qarnigii 11-aad, Sawaaxiliga xeebta ku noolaa waxay u dhaqmayeen sidii dhex-dhexaadiye u dhexeeya [[Somali people|Soomaalida]], [[Egyptians|Masar-iyiinta]], [[Nubians|Nuubiyiinta]], [[Arabs|Carabta]], [[Persians|Faarisiinta]], iyo [[Indian people|Hindiya]]. Waxay bilaabeen inay dhistaan magaalooyin deyr leh, guryo coral ah, dadka sareena waxay qaateen Islaamka, iyagoo inta badan ku hadla Carabi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Middleton |first1=John |title=The World of the Swahili |date=1994 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |pages=1–45}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Malindi Kingdom|Boqortooyadii Malindi]] waxay u muuqataa inay samaysantay qiyaastii qarnigii 9-aad ee miilaadiyada waxayna kortay awood badan labadii qarni ee ka hor inta aan [[Vasco da Gama]] keenin [[Portugal|Burtuqiiska]] gumeysiga gobolka, ka dambe wuxuu horseeday hoos u dhaca ilbaxnimada. Magaalada Malindi, oo la aasaasay qiyaastii 850 miilaadiyada, waxay ku tiil meel ka waqooyi badan magaalada casriga ah, waxayna u muuqataa inay burburtay qiyaastii 1000 miilaadiyada. Waxaa jiray calaamado yar oo degitaan ah labadii qarni ee ku xigay, ka dibna soo kabasho iyo barwaaqo ayaa timid 1200-meeyadii.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

Tixraacii ugu horeeyay ee qoran ee ku saabsan Malindi maanta waxay u badan tahay inay ka timid [[Ibn Kathir|Abu al-Fida]] (1273–1331), oo ahaa juqraafi iyo taariikhyahan [[Kurds|Kurdi]] ah. Wuxuu qoray in Malindi ay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee afka webi ka bilaabma buur boqollaal mayl u jirta. Buurtan waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay [[Mount Kenya|Buurta Kenya]], halkaas oo uu ka soo askumo [[Athi-Galana-Sabaki River|Webiga Galana]]. Sidaas darteed, Malindi waxay jirtay sidii degsiimo [[Swahili people|Sawaaxili]] ah tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 13-aad.&lt;ref name=Martin1970&gt;{{cite book|first=Esmond Bradley|last=Martin|title=Malindi. Past and Present|year=2009|publisher=The National Museum of Kenya|edition=New|orig-year=originally published in 1970}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mar ay kula tartamayso [[Mombasa]] oo keliya talada qaybtan Bariga Afrika, Malindi waxay dhaqan ahaan ahayd magaalo deked ah. Sanadkii 1414, magaalada waxaa [[Ming treasure voyages#Fifth voyage|soo booqday safar]] uu hoggaaminayay sahamiyaha Shiinaha ee [[Zheng He]]. Xukumihii Malindi wuxuu u diray ergay gaar ah oo wata geri hadiyad ahaan Shiinaha safarkaas.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt;

Sahamiyaha Burtuqiiska [[Vasco da Gama]] wuxuu la kulmay maamulka Malindi 1498 si uu u saxiixo heshiis ganacsi oo uu u kireysto hage u safra Hindiya, markaas oo uu taagay [[padrão|tiir]] loo yaqaan maanta [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]]. Vasco da Gama waxaa si diiran u soo dhaweeyay Suldaankii Malindi, taas oo ka duwan soo dhawayntii colka ahayd ee uu kala kulmay [[Mombasa]].&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Waa goob dalxiis oo caan u ah dalxiisayaasha gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ahba.

Sanadkii 1498, Malindi waxay ahayd magaalo barwaaqo ah oo ay ku nool yihiin inta u dhaxaysa 5,000 iyo 10,000 oo qof. Inta badan dadka waxay ahaayeen Muslimiin xilligan, iyagoo qaatey Islaamka inta badan intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 13-aad iyo 14-aad. Sida magaalooyinka kale ee Sawaaxiliga ee qarniyadii dhexe, dabaqadda xukunta ama ''wazee'' waxay ka koobnayd madaxda qoysaska ugu taajirsan. Sida dadka kale ee ku hadla luuqadaha Bantu, madaxdan qabaa'ilka ayaa dooran jiray ''mwenye mui'' ama madax ku hadla afka dadka. Burtuqiisku waxay si khaldan ugu yeeri jireen dadkan &quot;Boqoro,&quot; iyagoo si khaldan u fahmay dabeecadda ururka siyaasadda Sawaaxiliga. ''Wazee'' waxay ku hadli jireen Sawaaxili iyo Carabi, waxayna sheegan jireen asal khuraafaad ah oo ka yimid Bariga, inta badan Faaris.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vernet |first1=Thomas |title=Les Cites-Etats Swahili de L'Archipel de Lamu, 1585–1810 |date=2005 |publisher=Universite Paris I |location=Paris |pages=103–104}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilaha ugu weyn ee barwaaqada Malindi waxay ahayd dhoofinta foolmaroodiga iyo geesaha wiyisha iyo sidoo kale dhoofinta alaabada beeraha sida qumbaha, liinta, masagada iyo bariiska.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Sanadihii ka hor imaatinka Burtuqiiska, Malindi waxay ahayd awood goboleed laakiin waxay aad uga dambaysay labada dawladood ee ugu waaweyn, Mombasa iyo Kilwa. Markii, 1499, Burtuqiisku ay ka aasaaseen xarun ganacsi Malindi oo u adeegi jirtay goob nasasho oo ku socota oo ka imanaysa Hindiya, waxaa si weyn u soo dhaweeyay ''wazee'' oo doonayay inay isticmaalaan awoodda milatari ee Burtuqiiska si ay naftooda uga dhigaan kuwo ka sarreeya xafiiltankooda Mombasa. Sanadkii 1500, Boqor Dom [[Manuel I of Portugal|Manuel I]] wuxuu u soo bandhigay xaalad vassal Malindi. Malindi waxay taageertay dadaallada guuleystay ee Burtuqiiska ee ku aaddan qabsashada Kilwa iyo Mombasa 1505. Sanadkii 1502, [[Portuguese people|Burtuqiisku]] waxay ka aasaaseen [[Factory (trading post)|xarun]] Malindi, taas oo jirtay ilaa 1593.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://museums.or.ke/the-portuguese-chapel/|title=The Portuguese Chapel|website=National Museums of Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hoos u dhaca Kilwa iyo Mombasa ayaa horseeday in Malindi ay barwaaqowdo. Malindi waxay kortay markii Sawaaxili kale, iyo sidoo kale ganacsatada Carabta, Faaris, iyo Hindiya, farsamayaqaannada, badmaaxayaasha, iyo shaqaalaha ay u soo qulquleen magaalada cusub ee awoodda leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vernet |first1=Thomas |title=Les Cites-Etats Swahili de L'Archipel de Lamu, 1585–1810 |date=2005 |publisher=Universite Paris I |location=Paris |pages=65–97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malindi waxay sii ahaan jirtay xarunta hawlaha Burtuqiiska ee bariga Afrika ilaa 1593, markii Burtuqiisku ay saldhiggooda ugu weyn u rareen Mombasa.&lt;ref&gt;Eric Axelson, ''Portuguese in South-East Africa 1488-1600'' (C. Struik Ltd. 1973), p. 188-197.&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waxay ahayd iyadoo la kaashanayo Segeju iyo Sheekhii Malindi. Sida xulufada ugu weyn ee Burtuqiiska ee Bariga Afrika ee ku teedsan xeebta Sawaaxiliga, Malindi waxay taageertay dadaallada guuleystay ee Burtuqiiska ee ku aaddan qabsashada Kilwa iyo Mombasa. Labada magaalo ee Sawaaxiliga badanaa waxay lahaayeen khilaafyo dhexdooda ah iyagoo u dagaallamaya inay u taliyaan ganacsiga. Dagaalkiisa milatari ee ka dhanka ah Mombasa, Sheekhii Malindi wuxuu la midoobay Burtuqiiska iyo Segeju si ay u qabsadaan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Pouwels |first1=Randall L. |last2=Ogot |first2=B. A. |date=October 1994 |title=General History of Africa. Volume 5, Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168901 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=1371 |doi=10.2307/2168901 |jstor=2168901 |issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1592, Segeju waxay qabsadeen Mombasa, ugu dambayntiina waxay u dhiibeen Sheekhii Malindi. Sheekhu wuxuu markaas u raray maxkamaddiisa Malindi ilaa Mombasa wuxuuna xukumay 1593 ilaa 1630.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=F. J. |date=January 1968 |title=The Swahili Community of Mombasa, 1500–1900 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700008343 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=35–56 |doi=10.1017/s0021853700008343 |s2cid=162622809 |issn=0021-8537|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waqtigan, wuxuu ku casuumay xulufadiisa, Burtuqiiska, inay dhistaan xarun milatari oo ay ka taliyaan magaalada.

[[File:Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail.jpg|thumb|left|Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail]]
Ka dib markii Burtuqiisku tageen, magaaladu waxay tartiib tartiib hoos ugu dhacday ilaa ay ku dhawaatay inay baaba'do dhamaadkii qarnigii 17-aad. Shaxdii 1823 ee [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|Admiralty ee Boqortooyada Midowday]] ee 'Melinda' ayaa ku dhawaaqday in waqtigaas aysan jirin 'wax raad ah oo ka mid ah magaaladii mar quruxda badnayd ee Melinda' marka laga reebo [[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Admiralty_Chart_No_667_Port_Melinda_(Malindi)_detail.jpg 'Admiralty Chart No 667 Port Melinda (Malindi) detail']&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1845, [[Johann Ludwig Krapf|Ludwig Krapf]] wuxuu soo booqday magaalada wuxuuna helay iyadoo ay qarisay dhirta oo aan cidina degnayn.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; [[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisad Burtuqiis ah]] oo leh xabaalo ayaa la dhisay ka hor 1542 markii [[Francis Xavier]] uu soo booqday magaalada.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Guryo badan oo [[Swahili architecture|dhisme Sawaaxili ah]] ayaa badbaaday, oo ay ku jirto Masaajidka Juma.

[[File:Melinda in Melinda chart 1873.jpg|thumb|Qorshaha Malindi, Abriil 1873]]
Malindi waxaa dib u aasaasay [[Majid bin Said of Zanzibar|Suldaan Majid]] oo ka tirsan [[Zanzibar]] 1861 iyo ilaa dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad waxay u adeegtay sidii xarun ganacsiga addoonta. Qorshaha magaalada 1873 wuxuu muujinayaa aagga shaqada waqtigaas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melinda_chart_1873.jpg Qorshaha Melinda (Malindi, Kenya), 29 Abriil 1873]&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1890, Malindi waxay timid maamulkii Ingiriiska iyo ganacsigii addoonta iyo addoonsigii waa la baabi'iyay. Ficilkani wuxuu horseeday hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid wax soo saarka beeraha. Marka laga reebo beeraha waxaa jiray warshado yar oo Malindi bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad; waxaa ka mid ahaa samaynta roogagga iyo boorsooyinka, burburinta miraha [[sesame|sisinta]] ee saliidda iyo soo saarista cabitaan Sawaaxili ah oo loo yaqaan tembo. Malindi waxaa si rasmi ah looga dhigay magaalo 1903. Toban sano ka dib dadkeedu waxay marayeen qiyaastii 1148 waxaana ku jiray 843 Afrikaan ah, 230 Carab ah, 67 Aasiyaan ah iyo 8 Yurubiyaan ah.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=de V. Allen |first=J. |date=1973 |editor-last=MARTIN |editor-first=ESMOND BRADLEY |title=A History of Malindi Invaders |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24520411 |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=3 |issue=1/2 |pages=158–161 |jstor=24520411 |issn=0251-0391}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Image:Malindi town view.jpg|thumb|200px|Muuqaal magaaladii hore ee Malindi]]
Malindi waxay la kulantay kor u kac ganacsi intii u dhaxaysay dhamaadkii Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka iyo 1925, markii ay dhacday macaluul. Dhoofinta dekedaha shisheeye waxay korodhay ilaa £26,000 sannadkii 1924. Yurubiyaanka ayaa bilaabay inay ku soo noqdaan Malindi 1930-meeyadii, iyagoo ka iibsanaya dhul Carabta. Qaar ka mid ah sida [[Sydney Turing Barlow Lawford|Commander Lawford]] waxay fureen hudheelladii ugu horreeyay, kuwaas oo noqday aasaaska mustaqbalka warshadaha dalxiiska. Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Malindi waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah laba magaalo oo Bariga Afrika ah oo ay duqeeyeen Talyaanigu. Tani waxay dhacday 24 Oktoobar 1940, dhacdadan ka dibna ciidamada xulufada ayaa la dhigay magaalada ilaa dhamaadkii dagaalka. Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib Malindi waxay bilowday inay u korto sidii goob dalxiis.&lt;ref name=Martin1970/&gt; Markii [[Broglio Space Center]] furmay, [[Italian diaspora|qaxooti Talyaani ah]] ayaa bilaabay inay sameeyaan.&lt;ref name=bbc/&gt;

==Cimilada==
Malindi waxay leedahay [[Tropical savanna climate|cimilada kuleylaha ee saxaraha qalalan]] ([[Köppen climate classification|kala soocidda cimilada Köppen]] ''As'').
{{Weather box
|location = Malindi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan record high C = 34.0
|Feb record high C = 34.0
|Mar record high C = 34.5
|Apr record high C = 39.0
|May record high C = 32.2
|Jun record high C = 30.5
|Jul record high C = 30.8
|Aug record high C = 29.8
|Sep record high C = 32.0
|Oct record high C = 32.0
|Nov record high C = 34.1
|Dec record high C = 33.0
|year record high C = 39.0
|Jan high C = 31.0
|Feb high C = 31.4
|Mar high C = 32.3
|Apr high C = 31.7
|May high C = 29.4
|Jun high C = 28.5
|Jul high C = 27.8
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 28.6
|Oct high C = 29.8
|Nov high C = 30.7
|Dec high C = 31.3
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 27.9
|Feb mean C = 28.2
|Mar mean C = 29.0
|Apr mean C = 28.6
|May mean C = 26.9
|Jun mean C = 26.2
|Jul mean C = 25.5
|Aug mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 26.0
|Oct mean C = 27.0
|Nov mean C = 27.8
|Dec mean C = 28.2
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 24.5
|Feb low C = 24.5
|Mar low C = 25.4
|Apr low C = 25.4
|May low C = 24.3
|Jun low C = 23.8
|Jul low C = 22.9
|Aug low C = 22.8
|Sep low C = 22.9
|Oct low C = 23.5
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 24.6
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = 20.0
|Feb record low C = 19.6
|Mar record low C = 21.0
|Apr record low C = 20.8
|May record low C = 21.0
|Jun record low C = 19.5
|Jul record low C = 18.6
|Aug record low C = 17.0
|Sep record low C = 17.2
|Oct record low C = 19.0
|Nov record low C = 19.0
|Dec record low C = 21.0
|year record low C = 17.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 11
|Feb precipitation mm = 17
|Mar precipitation mm = 36
|Apr precipitation mm = 163
|May precipitation mm = 298
|Jun precipitation mm = 154
|Jul precipitation mm = 91
|Aug precipitation mm = 64
|Sep precipitation mm = 47
|Oct precipitation mm = 68
|Nov precipitation mm = 75
|Dec precipitation mm = 35
|year precipitation mm = 1059
|Jan precipitation days = 2
|Feb precipitation days = 2
|Mar precipitation days = 3
|Apr precipitation days = 11
|May precipitation days = 17
|Jun precipitation days = 12
|Jul precipitation days = 12
|Aug precipitation days = 9
|Sep precipitation days = 7
|Oct precipitation days = 6
|Nov precipitation days = 6
|Dec precipitation days = 3
|year precipitation days = 90
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]&lt;ref name = WMO &gt;{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1798
| title = World Weather Information Service – Malindi
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 31 August 2016
| archive-date = 15 September 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160915062827/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1798
| url-status = live
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2 = Meteo Climat&lt;ref name = meteoclimat&gt;{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1766 
| title = Station Malindi 
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
| language = fr 
| access-date = 31 August 2016 
| archive-date = 10 May 2017 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170510071342/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&amp;id=1766 
| url-status = live 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Maamulka maxalliga ah ==
Malindi hadda waxay ku jirtaa [[Kilifi County|Ismaamulka Kilifi]] sida uu dhigayo isbeddelada maamulka ee dastuurka cusub ee la ansixiyay Agoosto 2010. Malindi waxay samaysaa gole degmo oo leh saddex iyo toban xaafadood: Barani, Ganda/Mkaumoto, [[Gede, Kenya|Gede]], Gede North, Gede South, Kijiwetanga, Madunguni, Malimo, Malindi Central, Malindi North, Maweni, Shella, iyo [[Watamu|Watamu Town]]. Dhammaantood waxay ku yaalaan [[Malindi Constituency|Degmada Doorashada Malindi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pollingcentres&quot;&gt;[http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf Polling Centres in Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf |date=20070628084749 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628084749/http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf |date=28 June 2007 }}. Electoral Commission of Kenya.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sawiro==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:House of Columns Malindi.jpg|Hore ee &quot;Guriga Tiirarka&quot;
File:Robinson Island Kenya.jpg|Agagaarka Jasiiradda Robinson waqooyiga Malindi
File:Sun rise Malindi.jpg|Qorrax ka soo baxa Badweynta Hindiya ee Malindi
File:Colours of the sea.jpg|Xeeb u dhow Malindi
Malindi.jpg|Doonyaha qorrax dhaca ee Malindi
[[File:Malindi Nightlife as captured on aerial photography.jpg|thumb|alt=Malindi Kenya as captured by Malindians.com|Nolosha habeenkii ee Malindi sida ay sawireen sawirrada hawada]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Dhaqanka caanka ah==
Sheekada ''&quot;MALI D'AFRICA&quot;'' (ee Sara Cardelli) waxay sharxaysaa jacayl aan suurtogal ahayn oo ka dhacay Malindi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html   Jacayl aan suurtogal ahayn oo ka dhacay Malindi ee Talyaaniga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106213501/http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html |date=6 November 2020 }} —  ku saabsan sheekada Sara Cardelli, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inta badan dhacdooyinka [[Andrei Gusev]]'s sheekooyinka ''Once in Malindi'' (2021)&lt;ref&gt;[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''&quot;Once in Malindi&quot;''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=16 October 2020 }} —  on  Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''Our Wild Sex in Malindi'' (2020)&lt;ref&gt;[http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm &quot;Our Wild Sex in Malindi&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=20201009210533 }} ee [[Andrei Gusev]], 2020 {{in lang|ru}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka dhacaan Malindi, [[Watamu]], ama [[Lamu]]. Sheekooyinku waxay sharxayaan nolosha jilayaasha (qoraa Ruush ah Andy iyo xaaskiisa Jennifer, oo ku dhalatay Kenya) magaalooyinkan 2010-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm  Dib u eegista ''&quot;Our Wild Sex in Malindi&quot;''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} —  on  the site of public fund &quot;Union of writers of Moscow&quot;, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm  Dib u eegista ''&quot;Once in Malindi&quot;''] on  the site of public fund &quot;Union of writers of Moscow&quot;, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heesta ''&quot;Yasoi Malindi&quot;'' waxaa qoray Yasoy Kala Kana oo ku saabsan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;[https://music.yandex.ru/album/3004276 ''Ndukanoe – Yasoi Malindi'']{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ee Yasoy Kala Kana, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[List of Swahili settlements of the East African coast|Degsiimooyinkii Taariikhiga ahaa ee Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Vasco da Gama Pillar, Malindi|Tiirka Vasco da Gama]]
*[[Portuguese Chapel, Malindi|Kaniisadda Burtuqiiska]]
*[[House of Columns, Malindi|Guriga Tiirarka]]
*[[Malindi Kingdom|Boqortooyadii Malindi]]
*[[Sinking of the Christiana Hama|Degitaankii 'Christiana Hama']]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{commons category|Malindi}}
{{wikivoyage|Malindi}}
* [http://www.malindimunicipal.org Websaydhka Golaha Degmada Malindi]
* [http://malindirugby.blogspot.com Websaydhka Malindi RFC]
*[https://malindians.com Xarunta Macluumaadka Dalxiiska ee Malindi Kenya]</text>
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      <comment>/* Muuse Siciid Qalinle Muuse Siciid Qalinle wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Borama 14-kii Diseembar 2007. Waa wariye So */ qayb cusub</comment>
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      <text bytes="332" sha1="ayczp9kasodwgmn29vxiigxyakpog1f" xml:space="preserve">== Muuse Siciid Qalinle Muuse Siciid Qalinle wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Borama 14-kii Diseembar 2007. Waa wariye So ==

Muuse Siciid Qalinle Muuse Siciid Qalinle wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Borama 14-kii Diseembar 2007. Waa wariye So [[User:Munsarsiciid|Munsarsiciid]] ([[User talk:Munsarsiciid|wadahadal]]) 16:14, 24 Juun 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dekedda Kilindini</title>
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      <text bytes="8684" sha1="0kdojhnqydgyeiy5h36cguroom4qutc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox port
| name = Dekedda Kilindini&lt;br&gt;Dekedda Mombasa
| image = Port of Mombasa.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Dekedda Mombasa
| pushpin_map = Kenya#Africa#World
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Dekedda Mombasa
| country = {{flag|Kenya}}
| location = [[Mombasa]], [[Mombasa County|Gobolka Mombasa]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|4|03|19|S|39|39|07|E|region:KE|display=inline,title}}
| locode = KEKIL&lt;ref name=&quot;Locode-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=UNLOCODE (KE) – KENYA |url=https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/ke.htm |website=service.unece.org |publisher=UNECE |access-date=11 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| opened ={{start date and age|1896}}
| operated = [[Kenya Ports Authority|Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]]
| owner = [[Government of Kenya|Dowladda Kenya]]
| type = Dabiici/Farsamo
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size =
| draft_depth = {{convert|17.5|m|abbr=on}}
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees = 
| leadershiptitle =
| leader = 
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage = 14 Malyan sanadkii 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.megaprojects.co.ke/articles/246/the-changing-face-of-kenyas-public-transport-system/ |title=The Changing Face of Kenya’s Public Transport System &amp;#124; MegaProjects Kenya |publisher=Megaprojects.co.ke |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| containervolume =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic = 
| revenue = 
| profit =
| website = [http://www.kpa.co.ke/Pages/default.aspx Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]
| blankstatstitle1 =
| blankstats1 = 
}}
'''Dekedda Kilindini''' (''Bandari ya Mombasa'', af [[Swahili language|Sawaaxili]]) waa marin biyo-qoto dheer oo dabiici ah oo aad u weyn, kaas oo gudaha u gala xagga [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]]. Waxay qoto dheerkeedu gaaraa {{convert|25-30|fathom|m}} xarunteeda ugu qoto dheer, inkasta oo qoto-dheeraanta lagu xakameeyo ay tahay marinka sare ee dekedda oo leh qoto dheer oo la qoday oo dhan {{convert|17.5|m|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fap-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Port of Mombasa, Kenya|url=http://www.findaport.com/port-of-mombasa|website=findaport.com|publisher=Shipping Guides Ltd|access-date=18 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay u adeegtaa sidii dekedda [[Mombasa]], iyadoo [[hinterland|dhulalka gudaha]] u fidda ilaa [[Uganda]]. Dekedda Kilindini waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee '''Dekedda Mombasa''', oo ah dekedda kaliya ee caalamiga ah ee Kenya iyo dekedda ugu weyn [[east Africa|Bariga Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Africa’s ports: The bottleneck|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21695054-new-investment-alone-will-not-fix-africas-ports-governments-need-deal|access-date=19 March 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=19 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa maamula [[Kenya Ports Authority|Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]] (KPA). Marka laga reebo maaraynta xamuulka, Mombasa waxay leedahay maraakiibta dalxiiska [[cruise ship]] oo inta badan soo booqda.

Kilindini waa eray Sawaaxili ah oo macnihiisu yahay &quot;si qoto dheer u hooseeya&quot; ama &quot;gudaha moolka&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Google Translate | url=https://translate.google.com/?sl=sw&amp;tl=en&amp;text=Kilindini%20&amp;op=translate | access-date=13 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo tixraacaysa qoto-dheeraanta marinka. Dekedda Kilindini waa tusaale ka mid ah ifafaale juqraafiyeed oo dabiici ah oo loo yaqaan [[ria]], kaas oo samaysmay malaayiin sano ka hor markii heerka badda uu kor u kacay oo uu liqay webi ka soo qulqulayay dhulka weyn ee qaaradda.

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Allidina-Visram.jpg|thumbnail|right|240px|Dugsiga Allidina Visram ee Mombasa, oo la sawiray 2006, wuxuu ahaa goobtii ay ku taallay xaruntii sirta ahayd ee British &quot;Kilindini&quot; ee jabisay koodhadhka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]
Mombasa waxay leedahay taariikh qarniyo badan ah oo ah magaalo deked ah. Dekedda Kilindini waxaa la furay 1896 markii shaqadu ay ka bilaabatay dhismaha [[Uganda Railway|Tareenka Uganda]].

Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], intii Kenya ay ahayd gumeysi British ah, Kilindini waxay noqotay saldhig ku meel gaar ah oo ay leedahay [[British Eastern Fleet|Maraakiibta Bariga ee British-ka]] laga bilaabo horraantii 1942 ilaa khatartii badda ee [[Japan]] ay ka fogeeyeen [[Colombo]], Ceylon (hadda [[Sri Lanka]]). Meel u dhow, [[Far East Combined Bureau]], oo ah xarun ka tirsan hawlgalka jebinta koodhadhka ee British-ka ee [[Bletchley Park]], ayaa lagu dejiyay dugsi la qabsaday (Allidina Visram High School, Mombasa) waxayna ku guulaysteen inay jabiyaan [[Japanese naval codes|koodhadhkii badda ee Japan]].

== Ballaarinta ==
29 Agoosto 2013, ballaarinta dekedda ayaa u suurta gelisay inay maamusho Maraakiibta Panamax. Mashruuca waxaa la bilaabay Julaay 2011 qiimihiisu ahaa $82.15 milyan oo ay bixisay Dowladda Kenya waxaana fulisay [[China Roads and Bridge Corporation]]. Deked cusub, Berth 19, oo leh {{convert|15|acre|ha|abbr=on|order=flip}} oo ah barxad lagu kaydiyo, ayaa bixisay awood dheeraad ah oo sannadle ah oo dhan 200,000 [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]].
Mashruucu waa in la kordhiyo xamuulka dekedda 33%, iyadoo la xoojinayo heerka hoggaamineed ee Mombasa iyo sidoo kale Kenya ee Bariga Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2013-08/29/c_132673420.htm |title=Newly expanded port berth reopens in Kenya's Mombasa |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=2013-08-29 |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ballaarintan waxay la socotay qorshayaal lagu dhisayo tareenno si wanaagsan ugu xiraya dekedda Uganda iyo Rwanda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kenya Fights Off Port Competition With $13 Billion Plan: Freight|publisher=Bloomberg News|year=2013|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-20/kenya-fights-off-port-competition-with-13-billion-plan-freight.html|access-date=26 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aagga Xorta ah ee Dongo Kundu ==
Dowladda Kenya waxay sidoo kale bilowday inay fududeyso horumarinta Deked Xor ah oo ku taal {{convert|3000|acre|ha|abbr=on|order=flip}} oo dhul ah oo ay leedahay Maamulka degaanka Dongo Kundu iyada oo loo marayo hababka iskaashiga dowladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay. Sidoo kale waxaa socda mashruuca waddo weyn oo la mariyo si loogu xiro aagga mashruuca iyo Mombasa – Lunga Lunga – Nairobi Highway.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kpa.co.ke/INFOCENTER/NEWS/Pages/MANAGINGDIRECTORSSPEECH.aspx |title=Managing Directors Speech |publisher=Kpa.co.ke |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo yaqaannaa [[Dongo Kundu bypass]], ujeedada mashaariicda waa in la fududeeyo socodka taraafikada ee Xeebta Koonfureed ee Kenya. Dhismaha ayaa la bilaabi lahaa dabayaaqadii 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/business/Construction-of-road-to-South-Coast-will-start-this-year/-/996/1998568/-/1tu0fdz/-/index.html |title=Construction of road to South Coast will start this year – Business |work=Daily Nation |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la dhamaystiray Julaay 2024 oo hadda waa shaqaynayaa.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Dekedda Lamu ==
Deked cusub oo caalami ah, [[Lamu Port and Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor|Dekedda Lamu]] ayaa ku jirta dhismaha [[Lamu|Lamu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dredgingtoday.com/2012/03/07/kenya-prime-minister-speaks-at-ground-breaking-ceremony-of-proposed-lamu-port/ |title=Dredging Today – Kenya: Prime Minister Speaks at Ground Breaking Ceremony of Proposed Lamu Port |publisher=Dredgingtoday.com |date=2012-03-07 |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ndaiga |first=Hellen |url=http://www.constructionkenya.com/2428/ground-breaking-held-for-sh2-trillion-lamu-port/ |title=Lamu Port, LAPSSET Corridor Groundbreaking Held |publisher=Constructionkenya.com |date=2012-03-02 |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dekedda Lamu waxay noqon doontaa mid ka weyn Dekedda Kilindini laakiin [[Kenya Ports Authority|Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]] ayaa sheegaya in labada dekedood aysan tartan gali doonin balse ay is dhammaystiri doonaan.

Dekeddu waxay yeelan doontaa 32 dekedood (berths) iyo marin laga soo galo oo la qoday ilaa {{convert|18|m|abbr=on}} si ay ugu suurto gasho in ay qaadato maraakiib gaaraya 120,000 [[Deadweight tonnage|DWT]] ([[Panamax#Post-Panamax and Post-Neopanamax ships|Post-Panamax Vessels]]).
Qiimaha Qorshaha Muddada Gaaban ee Mashruuca Dekedda Lamu, oo ay ku jiraan 3-da dekedood ee ugu horreeya, waxaa lagu qiyaasay US$664 milyan. Wajiga Koowaad waxaa la dhamayn doonaa 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[List of Swahili settlements of the East African coast|Degsiimooyinkii Taariikhiga ahaa ee Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Port of Mombasa}}
*[https://kpa.co.ke Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]. Waxaa la helay 13 Diseembar 2022

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      <text bytes="9026" sha1="0ch3nfx5tj6pctut8uky55x46rb3odx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox port
| name = Dekedda Kilindini&lt;br&gt;Dekedda Mombasa
| image = Port of Mombasa.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Dekedda Mombasa
| pushpin_map = Kenya#Africa#World
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Dekedda Mombasa
| country = {{flag|Kenya}}
| location = [[Mombasa]], [[Mombasa County|Gobolka Mombasa]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|4|03|19|S|39|39|07|E|region:KE|display=inline,title}}
| locode = KEKIL&lt;ref name=&quot;Locode-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=UNLOCODE (KE) – KENYA |url=https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/ke.htm |website=service.unece.org |publisher=UNECE |access-date=11 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| opened ={{start date and age|1896}}
| operated = [[Kenya Ports Authority|Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]]
| owner = [[Government of Kenya|Dowladda Kenya]]
| type = Dabiici/Farsamo
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size =
| draft_depth = {{convert|17.5|m|abbr=on}}
| berths =
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees = 
| leadershiptitle =
| leader = 
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage = 14 Malyan sanadkii 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.megaprojects.co.ke/articles/246/the-changing-face-of-kenyas-public-transport-system/ |title=The Changing Face of Kenya’s Public Transport System &amp;#124; MegaProjects Kenya |publisher=Megaprojects.co.ke |access-date=2013-12-10 |archive-date=2013-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002013928/http://www.megaprojects.co.ke/articles/246/the-changing-face-of-kenyas-public-transport-system/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| containervolume =
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic = 
| revenue = 
| profit =
| website = [http://www.kpa.co.ke/Pages/default.aspx Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]
| blankstatstitle1 =
| blankstats1 = 
}}
'''Dekedda Kilindini''' (''Bandari ya Mombasa'', af [[Swahili language|Sawaaxili]]) waa marin biyo-qoto dheer oo dabiici ah oo aad u weyn, kaas oo gudaha u gala xagga [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]]. Waxay qoto dheerkeedu gaaraa {{convert|25-30|fathom|m}} xarunteeda ugu qoto dheer, inkasta oo qoto-dheeraanta lagu xakameeyo ay tahay marinka sare ee dekedda oo leh qoto dheer oo la qoday oo dhan {{convert|17.5|m|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fap-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Port of Mombasa, Kenya|url=http://www.findaport.com/port-of-mombasa|website=findaport.com|publisher=Shipping Guides Ltd|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=8 Bisha Todobaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708082324/http://www.findaport.com/port-of-mombasa|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay u adeegtaa sidii dekedda [[Mombasa]], iyadoo [[hinterland|dhulalka gudaha]] u fidda ilaa [[Uganda]]. Dekedda Kilindini waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee '''Dekedda Mombasa''', oo ah dekedda kaliya ee caalamiga ah ee Kenya iyo dekedda ugu weyn [[east Africa|Bariga Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Africa’s ports: The bottleneck|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21695054-new-investment-alone-will-not-fix-africas-ports-governments-need-deal|access-date=19 March 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=19 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa maamula [[Kenya Ports Authority|Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]] (KPA). Marka laga reebo maaraynta xamuulka, Mombasa waxay leedahay maraakiibta dalxiiska [[cruise ship]] oo inta badan soo booqda.

Kilindini waa eray Sawaaxili ah oo macnihiisu yahay &quot;si qoto dheer u hooseeya&quot; ama &quot;gudaha moolka&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Google Translate | url=https://translate.google.com/?sl=sw&amp;tl=en&amp;text=Kilindini%20&amp;op=translate | access-date=13 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo tixraacaysa qoto-dheeraanta marinka. Dekedda Kilindini waa tusaale ka mid ah ifafaale juqraafiyeed oo dabiici ah oo loo yaqaan [[ria]], kaas oo samaysmay malaayiin sano ka hor markii heerka badda uu kor u kacay oo uu liqay webi ka soo qulqulayay dhulka weyn ee qaaradda.

== Taariikh ==
[[File:Allidina-Visram.jpg|thumbnail|right|240px|Dugsiga Allidina Visram ee Mombasa, oo la sawiray 2006, wuxuu ahaa goobtii ay ku taallay xaruntii sirta ahayd ee British &quot;Kilindini&quot; ee jabisay koodhadhka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]
Mombasa waxay leedahay taariikh qarniyo badan ah oo ah magaalo deked ah. Dekedda Kilindini waxaa la furay 1896 markii shaqadu ay ka bilaabatay dhismaha [[Uganda Railway|Tareenka Uganda]].

Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], intii Kenya ay ahayd gumeysi British ah, Kilindini waxay noqotay saldhig ku meel gaar ah oo ay leedahay [[British Eastern Fleet|Maraakiibta Bariga ee British-ka]] laga bilaabo horraantii 1942 ilaa khatartii badda ee [[Japan]] ay ka fogeeyeen [[Colombo]], Ceylon (hadda [[Sri Lanka]]). Meel u dhow, [[Far East Combined Bureau]], oo ah xarun ka tirsan hawlgalka jebinta koodhadhka ee British-ka ee [[Bletchley Park]], ayaa lagu dejiyay dugsi la qabsaday (Allidina Visram High School, Mombasa) waxayna ku guulaysteen inay jabiyaan [[Japanese naval codes|koodhadhkii badda ee Japan]].

== Ballaarinta ==
29 Agoosto 2013, ballaarinta dekedda ayaa u suurta gelisay inay maamusho Maraakiibta Panamax. Mashruuca waxaa la bilaabay Julaay 2011 qiimihiisu ahaa $82.15 milyan oo ay bixisay Dowladda Kenya waxaana fulisay [[China Roads and Bridge Corporation]]. Deked cusub, Berth 19, oo leh {{convert|15|acre|ha|abbr=on|order=flip}} oo ah barxad lagu kaydiyo, ayaa bixisay awood dheeraad ah oo sannadle ah oo dhan 200,000 [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]].
Mashruucu waa in la kordhiyo xamuulka dekedda 33%, iyadoo la xoojinayo heerka hoggaamineed ee Mombasa iyo sidoo kale Kenya ee Bariga Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2013-08/29/c_132673420.htm |title=Newly expanded port berth reopens in Kenya's Mombasa |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=2013-08-29 |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ballaarintan waxay la socotay qorshayaal lagu dhisayo tareenno si wanaagsan ugu xiraya dekedda Uganda iyo Rwanda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kenya Fights Off Port Competition With $13 Billion Plan: Freight|publisher=Bloomberg News|year=2013|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-20/kenya-fights-off-port-competition-with-13-billion-plan-freight.html|access-date=26 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aagga Xorta ah ee Dongo Kundu ==
Dowladda Kenya waxay sidoo kale bilowday inay fududeyso horumarinta Deked Xor ah oo ku taal {{convert|3000|acre|ha|abbr=on|order=flip}} oo dhul ah oo ay leedahay Maamulka degaanka Dongo Kundu iyada oo loo marayo hababka iskaashiga dowladda iyo gaarka loo leeyahay. Sidoo kale waxaa socda mashruuca waddo weyn oo la mariyo si loogu xiro aagga mashruuca iyo Mombasa – Lunga Lunga – Nairobi Highway.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.kpa.co.ke/INFOCENTER/NEWS/Pages/MANAGINGDIRECTORSSPEECH.aspx |title=Managing Directors Speech |publisher=Kpa.co.ke |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo yaqaannaa [[Dongo Kundu bypass]], ujeedada mashaariicda waa in la fududeeyo socodka taraafikada ee Xeebta Koonfureed ee Kenya. Dhismaha ayaa la bilaabi lahaa dabayaaqadii 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/business/Construction-of-road-to-South-Coast-will-start-this-year/-/996/1998568/-/1tu0fdz/-/index.html |title=Construction of road to South Coast will start this year – Business |work=Daily Nation |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la dhamaystiray Julaay 2024 oo hadda waa shaqaynayaa.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Dekedda Lamu ==
Deked cusub oo caalami ah, [[Lamu Port and Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor|Dekedda Lamu]] ayaa ku jirta dhismaha [[Lamu|Lamu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dredgingtoday.com/2012/03/07/kenya-prime-minister-speaks-at-ground-breaking-ceremony-of-proposed-lamu-port/ |title=Dredging Today – Kenya: Prime Minister Speaks at Ground Breaking Ceremony of Proposed Lamu Port |publisher=Dredgingtoday.com |date=2012-03-07 |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ndaiga |first=Hellen |url=http://www.constructionkenya.com/2428/ground-breaking-held-for-sh2-trillion-lamu-port/ |title=Lamu Port, LAPSSET Corridor Groundbreaking Held |publisher=Constructionkenya.com |date=2012-03-02 |access-date=2013-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dekedda Lamu waxay noqon doontaa mid ka weyn Dekedda Kilindini laakiin [[Kenya Ports Authority|Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]] ayaa sheegaya in labada dekedood aysan tartan gali doonin balse ay is dhammaystiri doonaan.

Dekeddu waxay yeelan doontaa 32 dekedood (berths) iyo marin laga soo galo oo la qoday ilaa {{convert|18|m|abbr=on}} si ay ugu suurto gasho in ay qaadato maraakiib gaaraya 120,000 [[Deadweight tonnage|DWT]] ([[Panamax#Post-Panamax and Post-Neopanamax ships|Post-Panamax Vessels]]).
Qiimaha Qorshaha Muddada Gaaban ee Mashruuca Dekedda Lamu, oo ay ku jiraan 3-da dekedood ee ugu horreeya, waxaa lagu qiyaasay US$664 milyan. Wajiga Koowaad waxaa la dhamayn doonaa 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[List of Swahili settlements of the East African coast|Degsiimooyinkii Taariikhiga ahaa ee Sawaaxiliga]]
*[[Swahili architecture|Dhismaha Sawaaxiliga]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Port of Mombasa}}
*[https://kpa.co.ke Maamulka Dekedaha Kenya]. Waxaa la helay 13 Diseembar 2022

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    <title>Kilifi</title>
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      <text bytes="9854" sha1="lnn3kvtnpwu4y5eflz4k059flekrose" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Kilifi
| other_name               = 
| native_name              = 
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities and towns in Kenya by population|Golaha Magaalada]]
| image_skyline            = Kilifi bridge.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = [[Buundada Kilifi]]
| pushpin_map              = Kenya
| pushpin_map_caption      = Goobta gudaha Kenya##Goobta gudaha Geeska Afrika##Goobta gudaha Afrika
| pushpin_relief           = 
| subdivision_type         = Waddan
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Kenya}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Counties of Kenya|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Kilifi County]]
| subdivision_type2        = 
| subdivision_name2        = 
| subdivision_type3        = 
| subdivision_name3        = 
| subdivision_type4        = 
| subdivision_name4        = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| established_title        = 
| established_date         = 
| area_total_km2           = 
| population_as_of         = 2009
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 122,899&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenData Kenya&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.opendata.go.ke/Population/2009-Census-Vol-1-Table-3-Rural-and-Urban-Populati/e7c7-w67t/1 |title=2009 Census Vol 1 Table 3 Rural and Urban Population &amp;#124; Open Data Portal |access-date=2016-07-28 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2   = 
| timezone                 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset               = +3
| coordinates              = {{coord|3|38|S|39|51|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 
| elevation_ft             = 
| website                  = 
| footnotes                = 
}}

'''Kilifi''' waa magaalo ku taal xeebta [[Kenya]], {{convert|56|km}} dhinaca waqooyi-bari ee [[Mombasa]] marka la maro waddo. Magaaladu waxay jiiftaa [[Voi River#Mouth|Kilifi Creek]] waxayna ku fadhidaa afka [[Goshi River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiss&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Weiss, Robert|author2=Bahlburg, Heinrich|year=2006|title=The Coast of Kenya Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami|journal=Earthquake Spectra|volume=22|number=S3|pages=S235–S240|url=http://www.earthquakespectra.org/doi/pdf/10.1193/1.2201970|doi=10.1193/1.2201970|s2cid=110486072|access-date=2012-08-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kilifi waa caasimadda [[Kilifi County]] waxayna lahayd dad tiradoodu ahayd 122,899 intii lagu jiray tirakoobkii 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenData Kenya&quot;/&gt;

Kilifi waxaa lagu yaqaanaa xeebaheeda ciidda leh iyo [[Mnarani ruins|raadadka]] [[Mnarani]], oo ay ku jiraan [[masaajid]] iyo [[qabri]]yo, kuwaas oo soo jireen ah laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ilaa qarnigii 17-aad.
{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

== Juqraafiga iyo cimilada ==
Magaalada Kilifi waxay ku fadhidaa labada dhinac ee afka webiga waxaana isku xira [[Kilifi Bridge]] oo ka dul eegta afka webiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiss&quot; /&gt; Dhinaca koonfureed waxaa ku yaal raadadka Mnarani iyo xeebta Shauri Moyo halka dhinaca waqooyi uu yahay qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee Magaalada Kilifi iyo Xeebta Bofa.

Cimiladu guud ahaan waa diirran tahay sanadka oo dhan (ka sarreeya 25&amp;nbsp;°C) iyadoo leh laba xilli oo roobab dhexdhexaad ah (qiyaastii 800–1000&amp;nbsp;mm). Muddada dheer ee roobka waxay bilaabataa agagaarka Maarso waxayna socotaa ilaa Luulyo, halka muddada gaaban ay bilaabato agagaarka Oktoobar waxayna socotaa ilaa Diseembar.

Dhulku guud ahaan waa siman yahay oo leh [[ciid]] bacaad-dhoobo leh iyadoo geedaha caadiga ah ay yihiin ''Cocos nucifera'', ''Anacadium occidentale'', ''Azadirachta indica'', iyo ''Mangifera indica''.

== Tirakoobka dadka ==
Kilifi waa magaalo caalami ah oo ay ku nool yihiin kooxo qowmiyadeed oo isku dhafan. Dadka ugu badan (qiyaastii 80%) waxay ka soo jeedaan kooxaha Mijikenda (inta badan Giriama iyo Chonyi).&lt;ref name=&quot;E.W.&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Wekesa|first1=E.|last2=Mwangi|first2=W.|last3=Verkuijl|first3=H.|title=Adoption of Maize Production Technologies in the Coastal Lowlands of Kenya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkGg4UCj1ugC&amp;pg=PA6|publisher=CIMMYT|isbn=978-970-648-099-6|page=6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxaha kale waxaa ka mid ah farcanka Sawaaxili-Carabta, Barawaanka, Bajunida, Soomaalida iyo sidoo kale kooxo kale oo ka yimid gudaha dalka. Waxaa jira dad yar oo Hindi ah, iyo Yurubiyaan, inta badan British, Jarmal iyo Talyaani.

== Dhaqaalaha ==
[[File:Dhows in Kilifi Creek.JPG|thumb|Doonyaha Kilifi Creek]]
[[File:Distant Relatives Kilifi.jpg|alt=Casual Stage area with lights, two guys setting up|thumb|Goobta masraxa ee Distant Relatives Eco Lodge]]
Sida magaalo kasta oo xeebta ah, kalluumeysiga Kilifi waa mid ka mid ah hawlaha dhaqaale ee taariikhiga ah. Waqti ka dib, magaaladu waxay si tartiib tartiib ah ugu beddeshay kalluumeysiga tuulada una beddeshay warshadaha aasaasiga ah iyo adeegga.

Kobaca magaalada waxaa inta badan shiday warshadda shiididda looska (cashew nut) intii u dhaxaysay 1976 iyo 1990; degmadu waxay ahayd soo saaraha looska ilaa 1930.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiYu0H6h7isC&amp;pg=PT11|date=5 July 2006|page=11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaaladu waxay ku dhowaatay inay noqoto magaalo cidlo ah markii warshadda la xiray 1990 sababtoo ah hoos u dhaca sahayda looska, maamul xumo warshadda iyo tartanka caalamiga ah oo kordhay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202105190758.html | title=Kenya: How Brokers Drove Cashew Nut Farmers into Poverty | date=19 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hawlaha kale ee warshadaha waxaa ka mid ah beerashada sisalka ee Kilifi Plantations.

Laga soo bilaabo 2008 iyadoo la beddelay Machadka Beeraha ee Kilifi oo loo beddelay [[Pwani University]] waxaa jiray ballaarin la taaban karo oo qaybta adeegga ah taas oo ka dhalatay tan. Hawlaha bangiyada ayaa kor u kacay iyadoo ay jiraan ku dhawaad toddobo bangi iyo sidoo kale hay'ado maaliyadeed oo yaryar. Ganacsiga tafaariiqda iyo huteelada ayaa taariikh ahaan ahaa hawlo dhaqaale oo muhiim ah.

== Dalxiiska ==

Dalxiisku waa hawl dhaqaale oo muhiim ah oo ka jirta Kilifi, oo ay taageerayaan xeebaheeda, goobaha taariikhiga ah, iyo hidaha dhaqanka. Kilifi waxay leedahay xeeb dhererkeedu yahay dhowr kiiloomitir oo leh xeebo ciid ah, oo ay ku jirto Xeebta Bofa, taas oo caan ku ah biyaha cad iyo ciidda cad. Aaggu wuxuu bixiyaa beddel aan ganacsi ahayn marka la barbar dhigo meelaha u dhow sida [[Malindi]] iyo [[Watamu]].

Goobaha taariikhiga ah, sida [[Mnarani Ruins]] laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad, waxay gacan ka geystaan soo jiidashada Kilifi, iyagoo bixiya fahamka taariikhda Sawaaxiliga ee gobolka. Dabbaaldegyada dhaqanka ee Kilifi waxay sidoo kale iftiimiyaan caadooyinka bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Mijikenda, iyagoo soo jiidanaya booqdayaasha gudaha Kenya iyo dibadda.

Dalxiiska Kilifi wuxuu gacan ka geystaa shaqo abuurka maxalliga ah wuxuuna taageeraa ganacsiyada sida huteelada, makhaayadaha, iyo hawl wadeenada dalxiiska. Hindisayaasha dalxiiska waara ayaa lagu dhiirigelinayaa si loo ilaaliyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah iyo dhaqanka ee aagga.

== Caafimaadka ==
Isbitaalka Degmada Kilifi, oo sidoo kale ah isbitaal tixraac ah, wuxuu u adeegaa dhammaan Degmada Kilifi wuxuuna sidoo kale taageeraa Barnaamijka Cilmi-baarista KEMRI-Wellcome Trust,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kemri-wellcome.org/ |title=KEMRI Wellcome Trust|publisher=KEMRI Wellcome Trust |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; xarun cilmi-baaris caafimaad oo weyn oo iskaashi ka dhexeeya [[KEMRI]] ee Kenya iyo [[Wellcome Trust]] ee British-ka, oo caan ku ah shaqadeeda ku saabsan duumada iyo cudurrada carruurta ee bakteeriyada iyo fayraska. Dhowr rugood oo kale oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa laga heli karaa halkan. Xarunta Caafimaadka Khairat oo dhawaan la furay ayaa lagu qalabeeyay shaybaar casri ah, x-ray, iyo mashiinnada iskaanka oo leh shaqaale aqoon leh waxayna ku taallaa aagga Mtaani ee Sokoni Sub-Location ka soo horjeeda Masjid Hudaa. Isbitaalka Mephi sidoo kale waa isbitaal heerka 4-aad oo diiwaangashan oo la aqoonsan yahay oo ku yaal Mephi Plaza, Prison Road oo ka baxsan wadada Mombasa - Malindi, oo bixiya adeegyo caafimaad oo degdeg ah oo ay ku jiraan kelyaha (dialysis), qalliinnada yar yar iyo adeegyada shucaaca.

== Ururada caanka ah ==
Kilifi waxay hoy u tahay dhowr urur oo caan ah, oo ay ku jiraan:
* [[Pwani University]]: Jaamacad leh barnaamijyo shahaadada koowaad iyo sare, oo ku takhasusay sayniska Xeebaha, Badaha iyo Kalluumeysiga, marka lagu daro Beeraha iyo Sayniska Microbial&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pwani University |url=https://www.pu.ac.ke/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Pwani University |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* KEMRI-Wellcome Trust: Iskaashi 25+ sano ah oo u dhexeeya [[KEMRI]] iyo [[Wellcome Trust]], samaynta cilmi-baaris caafimaad oo ku xigta Isbitaalka Degmada Kilifi (http://www.kemri-wellcome.org/)
* [http://www.mtgk.org/ Moving the Goalposts]: Urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo la aasaasay 2002, iyadoo la adeegsanayo kubbadda cagta sidii qalab lagu xoojinayo gabdhaha iyo haweenka da'da yar
* [[KOMAZA]]: Ganacsi bulsheed oo geedaha ku beera [[smallholding|beeralayda yaryar]] si loogu iibiyo alaabta alwaaxda waarta
* [https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/ Grassroots Economics]: Grassroots Economics waa aasaas aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo doonayay inay awood siiyaan bulshooyinka la haybsooco si ay ula wareegaan noloshooda iyo mustaqbalkooda dhaqaale ilaa 2010. https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/
* [[World Vision]]
* [[Plan International]]
* [[The Fred Hollows Foundation]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110304143129/http://www.mtwapa.info/ Hagaha Macluumaadka Mtwapa City Kilifi District]
* [http://www.kilifi.com wax badan oo ku saabsan Kilifi]
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      <text bytes="10175" sha1="t68nq42a3ky7oz0ce9snktqko3bzubh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Kilifi
| other_name               = 
| native_name              = 
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities and towns in Kenya by population|Golaha Magaalada]]
| image_skyline            = Kilifi bridge.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = [[Buundada Kilifi]]
| pushpin_map              = Kenya
| pushpin_map_caption      = Goobta gudaha Kenya##Goobta gudaha Geeska Afrika##Goobta gudaha Afrika
| pushpin_relief           = 
| subdivision_type         = Waddan
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Kenya}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Counties of Kenya|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Kilifi County]]
| subdivision_type2        = 
| subdivision_name2        = 
| subdivision_type3        = 
| subdivision_name3        = 
| subdivision_type4        = 
| subdivision_name4        = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| established_title        = 
| established_date         = 
| area_total_km2           = 
| population_as_of         = 2009
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 122,899&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenData Kenya&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.opendata.go.ke/Population/2009-Census-Vol-1-Table-3-Rural-and-Urban-Populati/e7c7-w67t/1 |title=2009 Census Vol 1 Table 3 Rural and Urban Population &amp;#124; Open Data Portal |access-date=2016-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729203228/https://www.opendata.go.ke/Population/2009-Census-Vol-1-Table-3-Rural-and-Urban-Populati/e7c7-w67t/1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2   = 
| timezone                 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset               = +3
| coordinates              = {{coord|3|38|S|39|51|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 
| elevation_ft             = 
| website                  = 
| footnotes                = 
}}

'''Kilifi''' waa magaalo ku taal xeebta [[Kenya]], {{convert|56|km}} dhinaca waqooyi-bari ee [[Mombasa]] marka la maro waddo. Magaaladu waxay jiiftaa [[Voi River#Mouth|Kilifi Creek]] waxayna ku fadhidaa afka [[Goshi River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiss&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Weiss, Robert|author2=Bahlburg, Heinrich|year=2006|title=The Coast of Kenya Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami|journal=Earthquake Spectra|volume=22|number=S3|pages=S235–S240|url=http://www.earthquakespectra.org/doi/pdf/10.1193/1.2201970|doi=10.1193/1.2201970|s2cid=110486072|access-date=2012-08-19|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127144534/http://www.earthquakespectra.org/doi/pdf/10.1193/1.2201970}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kilifi waa caasimadda [[Kilifi County]] waxayna lahayd dad tiradoodu ahayd 122,899 intii lagu jiray tirakoobkii 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenData Kenya&quot;/&gt;

Kilifi waxaa lagu yaqaanaa xeebaheeda ciidda leh iyo [[Mnarani ruins|raadadka]] [[Mnarani]], oo ay ku jiraan [[masaajid]] iyo [[qabri]]yo, kuwaas oo soo jireen ah laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ilaa qarnigii 17-aad.
{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

== Juqraafiga iyo cimilada ==
Magaalada Kilifi waxay ku fadhidaa labada dhinac ee afka webiga waxaana isku xira [[Kilifi Bridge]] oo ka dul eegta afka webiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiss&quot; /&gt; Dhinaca koonfureed waxaa ku yaal raadadka Mnarani iyo xeebta Shauri Moyo halka dhinaca waqooyi uu yahay qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee Magaalada Kilifi iyo Xeebta Bofa.

Cimiladu guud ahaan waa diirran tahay sanadka oo dhan (ka sarreeya 25&amp;nbsp;°C) iyadoo leh laba xilli oo roobab dhexdhexaad ah (qiyaastii 800–1000&amp;nbsp;mm). Muddada dheer ee roobka waxay bilaabataa agagaarka Maarso waxayna socotaa ilaa Luulyo, halka muddada gaaban ay bilaabato agagaarka Oktoobar waxayna socotaa ilaa Diseembar.

Dhulku guud ahaan waa siman yahay oo leh [[ciid]] bacaad-dhoobo leh iyadoo geedaha caadiga ah ay yihiin ''Cocos nucifera'', ''Anacadium occidentale'', ''Azadirachta indica'', iyo ''Mangifera indica''.

== Tirakoobka dadka ==
Kilifi waa magaalo caalami ah oo ay ku nool yihiin kooxo qowmiyadeed oo isku dhafan. Dadka ugu badan (qiyaastii 80%) waxay ka soo jeedaan kooxaha Mijikenda (inta badan Giriama iyo Chonyi).&lt;ref name=&quot;E.W.&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Wekesa|first1=E.|last2=Mwangi|first2=W.|last3=Verkuijl|first3=H.|title=Adoption of Maize Production Technologies in the Coastal Lowlands of Kenya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkGg4UCj1ugC&amp;pg=PA6|publisher=CIMMYT|isbn=978-970-648-099-6|page=6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxaha kale waxaa ka mid ah farcanka Sawaaxili-Carabta, Barawaanka, Bajunida, Soomaalida iyo sidoo kale kooxo kale oo ka yimid gudaha dalka. Waxaa jira dad yar oo Hindi ah, iyo Yurubiyaan, inta badan British, Jarmal iyo Talyaani.

== Dhaqaalaha ==
[[File:Dhows in Kilifi Creek.JPG|thumb|Doonyaha Kilifi Creek]]
[[File:Distant Relatives Kilifi.jpg|alt=Casual Stage area with lights, two guys setting up|thumb|Goobta masraxa ee Distant Relatives Eco Lodge]]
Sida magaalo kasta oo xeebta ah, kalluumeysiga Kilifi waa mid ka mid ah hawlaha dhaqaale ee taariikhiga ah. Waqti ka dib, magaaladu waxay si tartiib tartiib ah ugu beddeshay kalluumeysiga tuulada una beddeshay warshadaha aasaasiga ah iyo adeegga.

Kobaca magaalada waxaa inta badan shiday warshadda shiididda looska (cashew nut) intii u dhaxaysay 1976 iyo 1990; degmadu waxay ahayd soo saaraha looska ilaa 1930.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiYu0H6h7isC&amp;pg=PT11|date=5 July 2006|page=11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaaladu waxay ku dhowaatay inay noqoto magaalo cidlo ah markii warshadda la xiray 1990 sababtoo ah hoos u dhaca sahayda looska, maamul xumo warshadda iyo tartanka caalamiga ah oo kordhay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202105190758.html | title=Kenya: How Brokers Drove Cashew Nut Farmers into Poverty | date=19 May 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hawlaha kale ee warshadaha waxaa ka mid ah beerashada sisalka ee Kilifi Plantations.

Laga soo bilaabo 2008 iyadoo la beddelay Machadka Beeraha ee Kilifi oo loo beddelay [[Pwani University]] waxaa jiray ballaarin la taaban karo oo qaybta adeegga ah taas oo ka dhalatay tan. Hawlaha bangiyada ayaa kor u kacay iyadoo ay jiraan ku dhawaad toddobo bangi iyo sidoo kale hay'ado maaliyadeed oo yaryar. Ganacsiga tafaariiqda iyo huteelada ayaa taariikh ahaan ahaa hawlo dhaqaale oo muhiim ah.

== Dalxiiska ==

Dalxiisku waa hawl dhaqaale oo muhiim ah oo ka jirta Kilifi, oo ay taageerayaan xeebaheeda, goobaha taariikhiga ah, iyo hidaha dhaqanka. Kilifi waxay leedahay xeeb dhererkeedu yahay dhowr kiiloomitir oo leh xeebo ciid ah, oo ay ku jirto Xeebta Bofa, taas oo caan ku ah biyaha cad iyo ciidda cad. Aaggu wuxuu bixiyaa beddel aan ganacsi ahayn marka la barbar dhigo meelaha u dhow sida [[Malindi]] iyo [[Watamu]].

Goobaha taariikhiga ah, sida [[Mnarani Ruins]] laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad, waxay gacan ka geystaan soo jiidashada Kilifi, iyagoo bixiya fahamka taariikhda Sawaaxiliga ee gobolka. Dabbaaldegyada dhaqanka ee Kilifi waxay sidoo kale iftiimiyaan caadooyinka bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Mijikenda, iyagoo soo jiidanaya booqdayaasha gudaha Kenya iyo dibadda.

Dalxiiska Kilifi wuxuu gacan ka geystaa shaqo abuurka maxalliga ah wuxuuna taageeraa ganacsiyada sida huteelada, makhaayadaha, iyo hawl wadeenada dalxiiska. Hindisayaasha dalxiiska waara ayaa lagu dhiirigelinayaa si loo ilaaliyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah iyo dhaqanka ee aagga.

== Caafimaadka ==
Isbitaalka Degmada Kilifi, oo sidoo kale ah isbitaal tixraac ah, wuxuu u adeegaa dhammaan Degmada Kilifi wuxuuna sidoo kale taageeraa Barnaamijka Cilmi-baarista KEMRI-Wellcome Trust,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kemri-wellcome.org/ |title=KEMRI Wellcome Trust|publisher=KEMRI Wellcome Trust |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; xarun cilmi-baaris caafimaad oo weyn oo iskaashi ka dhexeeya [[KEMRI]] ee Kenya iyo [[Wellcome Trust]] ee British-ka, oo caan ku ah shaqadeeda ku saabsan duumada iyo cudurrada carruurta ee bakteeriyada iyo fayraska. Dhowr rugood oo kale oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa laga heli karaa halkan. Xarunta Caafimaadka Khairat oo dhawaan la furay ayaa lagu qalabeeyay shaybaar casri ah, x-ray, iyo mashiinnada iskaanka oo leh shaqaale aqoon leh waxayna ku taallaa aagga Mtaani ee Sokoni Sub-Location ka soo horjeeda Masjid Hudaa. Isbitaalka Mephi sidoo kale waa isbitaal heerka 4-aad oo diiwaangashan oo la aqoonsan yahay oo ku yaal Mephi Plaza, Prison Road oo ka baxsan wadada Mombasa - Malindi, oo bixiya adeegyo caafimaad oo degdeg ah oo ay ku jiraan kelyaha (dialysis), qalliinnada yar yar iyo adeegyada shucaaca.

== Ururada caanka ah ==
Kilifi waxay hoy u tahay dhowr urur oo caan ah, oo ay ku jiraan:
* [[Pwani University]]: Jaamacad leh barnaamijyo shahaadada koowaad iyo sare, oo ku takhasusay sayniska Xeebaha, Badaha iyo Kalluumeysiga, marka lagu daro Beeraha iyo Sayniska Microbial&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pwani University |url=https://www.pu.ac.ke/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Pwani University |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* KEMRI-Wellcome Trust: Iskaashi 25+ sano ah oo u dhexeeya [[KEMRI]] iyo [[Wellcome Trust]], samaynta cilmi-baaris caafimaad oo ku xigta Isbitaalka Degmada Kilifi (http://www.kemri-wellcome.org/)
* [http://www.mtgk.org/ Moving the Goalposts]: Urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo la aasaasay 2002, iyadoo la adeegsanayo kubbadda cagta sidii qalab lagu xoojinayo gabdhaha iyo haweenka da'da yar
* [[KOMAZA]]: Ganacsi bulsheed oo geedaha ku beera [[smallholding|beeralayda yaryar]] si loogu iibiyo alaabta alwaaxda waarta
* [https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/ Grassroots Economics]: Grassroots Economics waa aasaas aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo doonayay inay awood siiyaan bulshooyinka la haybsooco si ay ula wareegaan noloshooda iyo mustaqbalkooda dhaqaale ilaa 2010. https://www.grassrootseconomics.org/
* [[World Vision]]
* [[Plan International]]
* [[The Fred Hollows Foundation]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110304143129/http://www.mtwapa.info/ Hagaha Macluumaadka Mtwapa City Kilifi District]
* [http://www.kilifi.com wax badan oo ku saabsan Kilifi]
{{First and second-level administrative divisions of Kenya}}{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>t68nq42a3ky7oz0ce9snktqko3bzubh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:ISO 3166/data/KE</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>47661</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299013</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T16:22:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: return {   lang = &quot;en&quot;, -- administrative languages: en, sw   [&quot;01&quot;] = {name=&quot;Baringo&quot;},   [&quot;02&quot;] = {name=&quot;Bomet&quot;},   [&quot;03&quot;] = {name=&quot;Bungoma&quot;},   [&quot;04&quot;] = {name=&quot;Busia&quot;},   [&quot;05&quot;] = {name=&quot;Elgeyo-Marakwet&quot;,isoname=&quot;Elgeyo/Marakwet&quot;},   [&quot;06&quot;] = {name=&quot;Embu&quot;},   [&quot;07&quot;] = {name=&quot;Garissa&quot;},   [&quot;08&quot;] = {name=&quot;Homa Bay&quot;},   [&quot;09&quot;] = {name=&quot;Isiolo&quot;},   [&quot;10&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kajiado&quot;},   [&quot;11&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kakamega&quot;},   [&quot;12&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kericho&quot;},   [&quot;13&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kiambu&quot;},   [&quot;14&quot;] = {name=&quot;Ki...</comment>
      <origin>299013</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1524" sha1="gq9q4eg8g5q067ls499k8im369om9l6" xml:space="preserve">return {
  lang = &quot;en&quot;, -- administrative languages: en, sw
  [&quot;01&quot;] = {name=&quot;Baringo&quot;},
  [&quot;02&quot;] = {name=&quot;Bomet&quot;},
  [&quot;03&quot;] = {name=&quot;Bungoma&quot;},
  [&quot;04&quot;] = {name=&quot;Busia&quot;},
  [&quot;05&quot;] = {name=&quot;Elgeyo-Marakwet&quot;,isoname=&quot;Elgeyo/Marakwet&quot;},
  [&quot;06&quot;] = {name=&quot;Embu&quot;},
  [&quot;07&quot;] = {name=&quot;Garissa&quot;},
  [&quot;08&quot;] = {name=&quot;Homa Bay&quot;},
  [&quot;09&quot;] = {name=&quot;Isiolo&quot;},
  [&quot;10&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kajiado&quot;},
  [&quot;11&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kakamega&quot;},
  [&quot;12&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kericho&quot;},
  [&quot;13&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kiambu&quot;},
  [&quot;14&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kilifi&quot;},
  [&quot;15&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kirinyaga&quot;},
  [&quot;16&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kisii&quot;},
  [&quot;17&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kisumu&quot;},
  [&quot;18&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kitui&quot;},
  [&quot;19&quot;] = {name=&quot;Kwale&quot;},
  [&quot;20&quot;] = {name=&quot;Laikipia&quot;},
  [&quot;21&quot;] = {name=&quot;Lamu&quot;},
  [&quot;22&quot;] = {name=&quot;Machakos&quot;},
  [&quot;23&quot;] = {name=&quot;Makueni&quot;},
  [&quot;24&quot;] = {name=&quot;Mandera&quot;},
  [&quot;25&quot;] = {name=&quot;Marsabit&quot;},
  [&quot;26&quot;] = {name=&quot;Meru&quot;},
  [&quot;27&quot;] = {name=&quot;Migori&quot;},
  [&quot;28&quot;] = {name=&quot;Mombasa&quot;},
  [&quot;29&quot;] = {name=&quot;Murang'a&quot;},
  [&quot;30&quot;] = {name=&quot;Nairobi&quot;,isoname=&quot;Nairobi City&quot;},
  [&quot;31&quot;] = {name=&quot;Nakuru&quot;},
  [&quot;32&quot;] = {name=&quot;Nandi&quot;},
  [&quot;33&quot;] = {name=&quot;Narok&quot;},
  [&quot;34&quot;] = {name=&quot;Nyamira&quot;},
  [&quot;35&quot;] = {name=&quot;Nyandarua&quot;},
  [&quot;36&quot;] = {name=&quot;Nyeri&quot;},
  [&quot;37&quot;] = {name=&quot;Samburu&quot;},
  [&quot;38&quot;] = {name=&quot;Siaya&quot;},
  [&quot;39&quot;] = {name=&quot;Taira-Taveta&quot;,isoname=&quot;Taita/Taveta&quot;},
  [&quot;40&quot;] = {name=&quot;Tana River&quot;},
  [&quot;41&quot;] = {name=&quot;Tharaka-Nithi&quot;},
  [&quot;42&quot;] = {name=&quot;Trans-Nzoia&quot;,isoname=&quot;Trans Nzoia&quot;},
  [&quot;43&quot;] = {name=&quot;Turkana&quot;},
  [&quot;44&quot;] = {name=&quot;Uasin Gishu&quot;},
  [&quot;45&quot;] = {name=&quot;Vihiga&quot;},
  [&quot;46&quot;] = {name=&quot;Wajir&quot;},
  [&quot;47&quot;] = {name=&quot;West Pokot&quot;}
}</text>
      <sha1>gq9q4eg8g5q067ls499k8im369om9l6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Boké</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299014</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T16:27:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: {{Infobox settlement |name          = Boké |other_name             = |native_name            =  |nickname               = |settlement_type        = Degmada magaalo iyo [[Sub-prefectures of Guinea|hoos-goboleed]] |motto                  = |image_skyline          = |imagesize              = |image_caption          = |image_flag             = |flag_size              = |image_seal             = |seal_size              = |image_shield           = |shield_size            = |image_blan...</comment>
      <origin>299014</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9965" sha1="gjhpsrt05iej2kevjbvpfx9pbke0yq5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name          = Boké
|other_name             =
|native_name            = 
|nickname               =
|settlement_type        = Degmada magaalo iyo [[Sub-prefectures of Guinea|hoos-goboleed]]
|motto                  =
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          =
|image_flag             =
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              =
|mapsize                =
|map_caption            =
|image_map1             =
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           =
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Guinea
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay kaga taal Guinea
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Guinea}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions of Guinea|Gobolka]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Boké Region]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
|subdivision_type4      =
|subdivision_name4      =
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = Duqa Magaalada
|leader_name            = Mohamed Tawel Camara&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Guinée : l’installation des conseils municipaux suscite la colère de l’opposition
|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/646908/politique/guinee-linstallation-des-conseils-municipaux-suscite-la-colere-de-lopposition/|website=jeunesfrique.com|author=Diawo Barry|date=16 October 2018|language=fr|access-date=4 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
|area_magnitude         =
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           =
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
|population_as_of               =2014
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 61,449
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyadaha
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimaha
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
|timezone               =
|utc_offset             =
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         =
|coordinates            = {{coord|10|56|N|14|18|W|region:GN|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            = 30
|elevation_ft           =
|postal_code_type       =  
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                =
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Boké''' waa caasimadda [[Boké Prefecture]] oo ku taal gudaha [[Boké Region]] ee [[Lower Guinea]] u dhow xadka [[Guinea-Bissau]]. Waa sidoo kale [[Sub-prefectures of Guinea|hoos-goboleed]] ka tirsan Guinea. Waxay ku taallaa hareeraha [[Rio Nuñez]] kaas oo u qulqula afkiisa aan ka fogeyn ee Badweynta Atlantic, Boké waa deked. Waxaa lagu yaqaanaa [[Boké Museum]], oo hore u ahaan jiray [[qalcaddii addoonsiga]]. Magaalada waxaa u adeega [[Boké Baralande Airport]]. Sannadkii 2014 magaalada iyo hoos-goboleedka ku hareeraysan waxay lahaayeen dad tiradoodu ahayd 61,449 qof.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/guinea.aspx |title=Guinea |publisher=Institut National de la Statistique, Guinea, accessed via Geohive |accessdate=27 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124030052/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/guinea.aspx |archivedate=24 November 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
Sida uu sheegayo ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', daabacaaddii 11-aad:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Qaybtan xeebta Guinea waxaa lagu soo bandhigay safarradii Portuguese-ka ee qarnigii 15-aad. Natiijo ahaan, inta badan, khataraha la xiriira maraakiibta, booqasho ugama aysan imaan ganacsatada reer Yurub ee qarniyadii 16-aad ilaa 18-aad sida gobollada kale ee waqooyi iyo bari, laakiin gudaha Rio Pongo, ee [[Matakong]] (jasiirad yar oo u dhow afka Forekaria), iyo meelo kale, ''ganacsatada addoonsiga'' ayaa isu dhisay, burburka qalcadihii ay dhisteen oo ay ku difaaceen madaafiicda, weli way jiraan ''(tusaale, Fortin de Boké)''. Markii laga eryay qaybo kale oo Guinea ah, addoonsaduhu waxay ka dhigteen xeebtan adag oo aan si fiican loo aqoon mid ka mid ah meelaha ay u dambeeyaan, iyo ''barracoons'' badan ayaa la dhisay sannadihii ugu dambeeyay ee qarnigii 18-aad. Ma aysan ahayn ilaa dib-u-soo-celinta Goree iyada ka dib dhamaadkii dagaalladii Napoleon in France ay muujisay wax xiiso leh oo ku saabsan gobolka. Waqtigaas British-ka, oo ka yimid saldhigyadooda Gambia iyo Sierra Leone, waxay fiiro gaar ah u lahaayeen Rivières du Sud-kan (''taas oo ah,'' koonfurta Senegal) iyo sidoo kale Futa Jallon. [[René Caillié]], oo bilaabay safarkiisa [[Timbuktu]] 1827, wuxuu sameeyay wax badan si uu u kordhiyo xiisaha Faransiiska ee degmada, iyo laga bilaabo 1838 wixii ka dambeeyay saraakiisha badda ee Faransiiska, Bouèt-Willaumez iyo kuwa ka dambeeyay, waxay sameeyeen daraasado faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan xeebta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite EB1911|wstitle=French Guinea|volume=11|pages=102–103|short=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Sannadkii 1849, Faransiisku wuxuu sababay dareen maxalli ah oo aad u daran oo France ay ahayd inay la wareegto aagga Boké. Sannadkii 1895, waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Afrika ee Galbeedka Faransiiska.

== Cimilada ==
Boké waxay leedahay [[cimilada savannah ee kulaylaha]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw'').

{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | metric first = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Boke (1991–2020)
 | Jan high C = 35.3
 | Feb high C = 36.9
 | Mar high C = 37.9
 | Apr high C = 37.7
 | May high C = 36.0
 | Jun high C = 32.7
 | Jul high C = 30.5
 | Aug high C = 29.9
 | Sep high C = 31.2
 | Oct high C = 32.2
 | Nov high C = 33.3
 | Dec high C = 34.5
 | year high C = 34.0

 | Jan mean C = 26.4
 | Feb mean C = 28.1
 | Mar mean C = 29.3
 | Apr mean C = 29.7
 | May mean C = 29.1
 | Jun mean C = 27.5
 | Jul mean C = 26.2
 | Aug mean C = 26.1
 | Sep mean C = 26.5
 | Oct mean C = 26.9
 | Nov mean C = 27.4
 | Dec mean C = 26.6
 | year mean C = 27.5

 | Jan low C = 17.6
 | Feb low C = 19.3
 | Mar low C = 20.7
 | Apr low C = 21.7
 | May low C = 22.4
 | Jun low C = 22.3
 | Jul low C = 21.9
 | Aug low C = 22.2
 | Sep low C = 21.9
 | Oct low C = 21.6
 | Nov low C = 21.4
 | Dec low C = 18.7
 | year low C = 21.0

 | precipitation colour = green
 | Jan precipitation mm = 0.6
 | Feb precipitation mm = 1.4
 | Mar precipitation mm = 0.7
 | Apr precipitation mm = 3.3
 | May precipitation mm = 99.7
 | Jun precipitation mm = 241.9
 | Jul precipitation mm = 495.4
 | Aug precipitation mm = 593.6
 | Sep precipitation mm = 462.2
 | Oct precipitation mm = 380.0
 | Nov precipitation mm = 56.4
 | Dec precipitation mm = 1.1
 | year precipitation mm = 2336.3

 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
 | Jan precipitation days = 0.1
 | Feb precipitation days = 0.1
 | Mar precipitation days = 0.1
 | Apr precipitation days = 0.3
 | May precipitation days = 5.3
 | Jun precipitation days = 14.4
 | Jul precipitation days = 21.8
 | Aug precipitation days = 24.0
 | Sep precipitation days = 22.3
 | Oct precipitation days = 19.8
 | Nov precipitation days = 4.0
 | Dec precipitation days = 0.1
 | year precipitation days = 112.3
|Jan humidity = 53
|Feb humidity = 58
|Mar humidity = 53
|Apr humidity = 55
|May humidity = 67
|Jun humidity = 76
|Jul humidity = 75
|Aug humidity = 82
|Sep humidity = 92
|Oct humidity = 78
|Nov humidity = 69
|Dec humidity = 58
|year humidity = 68
|Jan sun = 234
|Feb sun = 219
|Mar sun = 246
|Apr sun = 231
|May sun = 219
|Jun sun = 171
|Jul sun = 129
|Aug sun = 113
|Sep sun = 143
|Oct sun = 188
|Nov sun = 218
|Dec sun = 215
|year sun = 2326
 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (humidity, sun 1961–1990)&lt;ref name=&quot;WMONormals&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Guinea/CSV/BOKE_61816.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Boke
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 4, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name= NOAA&gt;{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/GW/61816.TXT
| server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| title = Boke Climate Normals 1961–1990
| accessdate = July 6, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Tixraacyo ==
=== Qoraalo ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Ilaha ===
{{EB1911|wstitle=French Guinea|volume=11|pages=102–103}}
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  <page>
    <title>Dekadda Akosombo</title>
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      <text bytes="617" sha1="i05y3slhneim0xjqk9m8wzqrpidt9we" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Akosombo Port Signage.jpg|320px|thumb|right|Sumadda Dekedda [[Akosombo]].]]
'''Dekedda Akosombo''' waa deked ku taal [[Lake Volta]]. Waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow [[Akosombo Dam]] ee [[Akosombo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ir.knust.edu.gh/xmlui/handle/123456789/1459|title=Passenger and Goods Terminal at Akosombo Port|work=ir.knust.edu.gh|author=Yaw Addae-Affoakwa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Boankra Inland Port]]
*[[Takoradi Harbour]]
*[[Tema Harbour]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|06|18|00|N|00|03|00|E|region:CN-31_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Dekedaha Ghana]]</text>
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    <title>Dekadda Alexandria</title>
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      <text bytes="10251" sha1="d5av0e1mnazkr0ecv7gup8u9bkayhp7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox port
| name = Dekedda Iskandariya
| image = Alexandria_Port.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption = Aragtida guud ee dekedda Iskandariya
| country = [[Egypt|Masar]]
| location = [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]]
| coordinates = {{coord|31.2045796|29.8800659|scale:100000|format=dms}}
| locode = EGALY&lt;ref name=&quot;Locode-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=UNLOCODE (EG) - EGYPT |url=https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/eg.htm |website=service.unece.org |accessdate=28 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;   
| opened = 1900 BC
| operated = [[Alexandria Port Authority|Maamulka Dekedda Iskandariya]]
| owner =
| type = Deyr-badeedka xeebta
| sizewater = {{convert|16|km2|mi2}}
| sizeland = {{convert|22.8|km2|mi2}}
| size =
| berths = 67
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
| leader =
| blankdetailstitle1 =
| blankdetails1 =
| blankdetailstitle2 =
| blankdetails2 =
| blankdetailstitle3 =
| blankdetails3 =
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage = 17,627,762 (2012)
| containervolume = 1,442,712 (2012)
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic =
| revenue =
| profit =
| blankstatstitle1 =
| blankstats1 =
| blankstatstitle2 =
| blankstats2 =
| blankstatstitle3 =
| blankstats3 =
| website = {{official website}}
}}

'''Dekedda Iskandariya''' waxay ku taallaa [[northern coast of Egypt|xeebta waqooyi ee Masar]], dhanka galbeed ee [[Nile Delta|Delta-da Niil]]. Waqtiyadii hore [[Alexandria, Egypt|Iskandariya]] waxaa laga dhisay inta u dhaxaysa [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Mediterranean-ka]] iyo [[Mariut Lake|Harada Mariut]]. Midda dambe waxay ku xirnayd [[River Nile|Webiga Niil]] iyada oo loo marayo kanaalo, taas oo u oggolaanaysay alaabta dekedda inay u safraan gudaha dalka iyo dibaddiisa.

Iskandariya hadda waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay magaalada labaad ee ugu muhiimsan Masar, Dekedda Iskandariyana waa dekedda ugu weyn dalka. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba dekedood (Bari iyo Galbeed) oo ay kala qaybiyaan [[peninsula|gacmo-badeed]] u qaabaysan xarafka T. [[Eastern Port of Alexandria|Dekedda Bari]] waa mid gacmeed, loomana isticmaalo [[navigation|socodka]] maraakiibta waaweyn. Dekedda Galbeed waxaa loo isticmaalaa maraakiibta ganacsiga. Dekeddu waxay ka samaysan tahay laba [[Breakwater (structure)|deyr-badeed]] oo isku soo dhawaada.

== Taariikh ==
=== Waqtiyadii hore ===
Dekedda Iskandariya waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu da'da weyn adduunka. Tas-hiilaadkii ugu horreeyay ee dekedda waxaa la dhisay 1900 BC tuuladii [[Rhakotis]], si loogu adeego maraakiibta xeebaha iyo sahayda jasiiradda [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Pharos]] (hadda qayb ka ah [[Alexandria#Ancient layout|&quot;Ras al-Tin&quot;]]).

[[File:Plan of Alexandria c 30 BC Otto Puchstein 1890s EN.svg|thumb|left|Qorshaha Iskandariya c. 30 BC]]
Qarniyo badan, ciid iyo dhoobo ayaa dekedda ka dhigay mid aan la mari karin. Waxaa nadiifiyay ciidamadii uu hoggaaminayay [[Alexander the Great]] sannadkii 331 BC iyada oo qayb ka ah dhismaha magaalada Iskandariya si ay u noqoto saldhigga badda ee maraakiibtiisa. Injineerkii Alexander, Dinocrat, wuxuu isku xiray dekedda Iskandariya iyo jasiiradda Pharos buundo 1200 mitir oo dherer ah iyo 200 mitir oo ballac ah, isagoo abuuray laba barkadood oo deked ah oo loogu talagalay maraakiibta ganacsiga iyo milatariga. Barkadda waqooyi-bari (''Portus Magnus'', oo hadda ah dekedda Bari) waxaa loogu talagalay maraakiibta milatariga, barkadda koonfur-galbeedna (''Portus Eunostus'', oo hadda ah dekedda ugu weyn ee Iskandariya) waxaa loogu talagalay isticmaalka ganacsiga. Waqtigii [[Ptolemy]], waxaa la dhisay buundo labaad oo loo dhisay Pharos, taas oo sii kala qaybisay dekedda bari laba marin oo kala duwan.

Sida uu qabo [[Strabo]], Iskandariya waxay lahayd deked gudaha ah oo ku taal [[Lake Mareotis]] iyo sidoo kale dekedaha ku yaal badda Mediterranean-ka. Haradu ma lahayn af ku xira badda laakiin waxay ku xirnayd Niilka iyada oo loo marayo kanaalo. Strabo wuxuu ku tilmaamay dekedda harada inay ka mashquul badnayd dekedaha badda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYWlBAAAQBAJ|first=John|last=Cooper|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2014|isbn=9789774166143|page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intii lagu jiray muddadii [[Roman Egypt|Masar-tii Roomaanka]], hadhuudhka waxaa laga dhoofinayay tiro aad u badan dekedda magaalada ee galbeedka, taas oo kasbatay magaca &quot;Portus Magnus&quot;. Hadhuudhka waxaa laga soo dejin jiray Niilka iyada oo la raacayo doonyo xamuul ah waxaana lagu kaydin jiray bakhaarro waaweyn oo u dhow xeebta Harada Mareotis ka hor inta aan la dhoofin. Xilligii ugu sarreeyay ee Boqortooyadii Roomaanka, Iskandariya waxay u dhoofin jirtay 83,000 oo tan oo hadhuudh ah sannadkii Rome. Waqtigii Boqortooyadii dambe, magaaladu waxay u dhoofin jirtay 220,000 oo tan oo hadhuudh ah sannadkii [[Constantinople]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Alexandria in Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2NdJo7uLZoC|first=Christopher|last=Haas|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780801885419|pages=42–43}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casrigii hore ===
[[File:Alexandria, Landscape, 1905, photo 1 of 2 - Archivio fotografico Museo Egizio, Turin - CEFB, Como F_047.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Muuqaalka dekedda Iskandariya sannadkii 1905, oo laga sawiray markabka uumiga ee ''Nile'' in yar ka hor intaanu dhoofin.]]
[[File:Air views of Palestine. Alexandria harbour. Closer view looking along the quay LOC matpc.15927.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Dekedda Iskandariya sannadkii 1932]]
Dekeddii hore waxaa dib u habayn ku sameeyay [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]] dadaalladiisa ku aaddan dib u soo noolaynta Iskandariya oo mar u noqotay tuulo kalluumeysi oo yar xilligii dhexe ee dambe. Muhammad Ali wuxuu soo saaray amarkii uu ku soo celinayay oo uu qayb ahaan dib ugu raadinayay kanaalka biyaha saafiga ah ee ka imanaya Niil markii uu awoodda qabsaday. Markii la dhammaystiray 1820 waxaa loo magacaabay [[Mahmoudiyah Canal]]. Xilligii Muhammad Ali, waxaa la aasaasay goobta maraakiibta ee Iskandariya.

Intii lagu jiray [[World War I|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], ciidammada British-ka ee [[Mediterranean Expeditionary Force]] ee ka qayb galay [[Gallipoli Campaign]] waxay isticmaaleen dekedda Iskandariya oo saldhiggooda ugu weyn ee ciidamada iyo sahayda ku wajahan [[landing at Cape Helles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Climax at Gallipoli: The Failure of the August Offensive|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bMfAwAAQBAJ|first=Rhys|last=Crawley|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2014|series=Campaigns and Commanders Series|volume=42|isbn=9780806145280|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qarnigii 20-aad ee dambe, ganacsiga badda ee dhexmara Dekedda Iskandariya wuxuu dhaafay awooddiisa. Deked cusub ayaa laga dhisay [[Dekhela|El-Dekheila]] intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii oo leh tas-hiilaad loogu talagalay [[container shipping|maraakiibta weelasha]] iyo kaabayaasha si loogu adeego warshadda birta ee u dhow. Marka lagu daro Dekedda Dekheila iyo Dekedda Galbeedka ee Iskandariya, dekedaha magaalada waxaa ka mid ah kuwa ku yaal [[Abu Qir]] iyo Sidi Krer, iyo sidoo kale Dekedda Bari ee Iskandariya oo aan hadda loo isticmaalin maraakiibta xamuulka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Egypt: An Economic Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGWG5RWN2yoC|first1=Fouad N.|last1=Ibrahim|first2=Barbara|last2=Ibrahim|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2003|volume=1|series=International library of human geography|isbn=9781860645471|page=231}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Alexandria Shipyard|Goobta maraakiibta ee Iskandariya]] waxaa asal ahaan la horumariyay 1960-meeyadii iyadoo la kaashanayo dowladda [[Soviet Union|Midowga Soofiyeeti]] sannadkii 2004-tana lahaanshaha goobta maraakiibta waxaa loo wareejiyay [[Ministry of Defence and Military Production|Wasaaradda Difaaca]].

Masar waxay leedahay wadarta 15 dekedood oo ganacsi oo ku yaal xeebaha Mediterranean-ka iyo Badda Cas. Dekedda Iskandariya, oo ay maamusho Maamulka Dekedda Iskandariya, waa tan ugu weyn dalka waxayna maamushaa ku dhawaad 55% [[international trade|ganacsiga caalamiga ah]] ee Masar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Report: Egypt 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CAfaGlYX6gUC|publisher=Oxford Business Group|year=2011|editor-first=Andrew|editor-last=Jeffreys|isbn=9781907065408|page=103}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guud ahaan dekedaha kala duwan ee Iskandariya waxay maamulaan in ka badan saddex meelood meel ganacsiga shisheeye ee Masar, iyadoo ku dhawaad 80% soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta dalka ay dhex maraan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Greatest Cities in the World You Should Visit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_AO8XBPGAAC|first=Paul J.|last=Christopher|publisher=Encouragement Press|year=2006|series=50 Plus One Series|isbn=9781933766010|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafiga ==
Dekedda galbeed waxay u qaybsantaa dhawr aag:
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka [[cargo|xamuulka]] guud.
# Waxay ka qabataa afar nooc oo hawlo ah: xamuulka mideysan oo ay ku jiraan [[Roll-on roll-off|Ro Ro]] iyo [[Ferry slip|terminal-ka]] rakaabka, xamuulka badan, iyo xamuulka [[barge|doonyaha]].
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka xamuulka guud iyo xamuulka doonyaha.
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka weelasha, [[cement|sementiga]], [[coal|dhuxusha]], xamuulka doonyaha, [[fertilizer|bacriminta]], iyo xamuulka guud.
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka: [[molasses|casiirka sonkorta]], [[timber|alwaaxda]], noocyada qaar ee xamuulka guud, xamuulka doonyaha, [[grain|hadhuudhka]] iyo [[flour|burka]].
# (Dekedda Saliidda): Waxay ku taallaa xuduudaha galbeed ee dekedda, waxaana loo isticmaalaa maamulka [[oil|saliidda]] la cuni karo, wax soo saarka saliidda iyo bixinta shidaalka. Waxa kale oo ka mid ah [[Berth (moorings)|goobaha]] loo isticmaalo maamulka [[livestock|xoolaha]]. Dekeddu kuma jirto tas-hiilaad kaydinta saliidda, laakiin goobaha saliidda ayaa ku xiran [[Oil refinery|warshadda sifeynta]] iyada oo loo marayo dhuun dhererkeedu yahay 2&amp;nbsp;km.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Alexandria#Transport|Gaadiidka Iskandariya]]

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.apa.gov.eg Bogga rasmiga ah ee Maamulka Dekedda Iskandariya]
*[http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&amp;docId=NNL_MAPS_JER002400654 Khariidadda dekedda Iskandariya, 1817.] Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, Maktabadda Qaranka ee Israel.</text>
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| name = Dekedda Iskandariya
| image = Alexandria_Port.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption = Aragtida guud ee dekedda Iskandariya
| country = [[Egypt|Masar]]
| location = [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]]
| coordinates = {{coord|31.2045796|29.8800659|scale:100000|format=dms}}
| locode = EGALY&lt;ref name=&quot;Locode-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=UNLOCODE (EG) - EGYPT |url=https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/eg.htm |website=service.unece.org |accessdate=28 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;   
| opened = 1900 BC
| operated = [[Alexandria Port Authority|Maamulka Dekedda Iskandariya]]
| owner =
| type = Deyr-badeedka xeebta
| sizewater = {{convert|16|km2|mi2}}
| sizeland = {{convert|22.8|km2|mi2}}
| size =
| berths = 67
| wharfs =
| piers =
| employees =
| leadershiptitle =
| leader =
| blankdetailstitle1 =
| blankdetails1 =
| blankdetailstitle2 =
| blankdetails2 =
| blankdetailstitle3 =
| blankdetails3 =
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage = 17,627,762 (2012)
| containervolume = 1,442,712 (2012)
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic =
| revenue =
| profit =
| blankstatstitle1 =
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| website = {{official website}}
}}

'''Dekedda Iskandariya''' waxay ku taallaa [[northern coast of Egypt|xeebta waqooyi ee Masar]], dhanka galbeed ee [[Nile Delta|Delta-da Niil]]. Waqtiyadii hore [[Alexandria, Egypt|Iskandariya]] waxaa laga dhisay inta u dhaxaysa [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Mediterranean-ka]] iyo [[Mariut Lake|Harada Mariut]]. Midda dambe waxay ku xirnayd [[River Nile|Webiga Niil]] iyada oo loo marayo kanaalo, taas oo u oggolaanaysay alaabta dekedda inay u safraan gudaha dalka iyo dibaddiisa.

Iskandariya hadda waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay magaalada labaad ee ugu muhiimsan Masar, Dekedda Iskandariyana waa dekedda ugu weyn dalka. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba dekedood (Bari iyo Galbeed) oo ay kala qaybiyaan [[peninsula|gacmo-badeed]] u qaabaysan xarafka T. [[Eastern Port of Alexandria|Dekedda Bari]] waa mid gacmeed, loomana isticmaalo [[navigation|socodka]] maraakiibta waaweyn. Dekedda Galbeed waxaa loo isticmaalaa maraakiibta ganacsiga. Dekeddu waxay ka samaysan tahay laba [[Breakwater (structure)|deyr-badeed]] oo isku soo dhawaada.

== Taariikh ==
=== Waqtiyadii hore ===
Dekedda Iskandariya waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu da'da weyn adduunka. Tas-hiilaadkii ugu horreeyay ee dekedda waxaa la dhisay 1900 BC tuuladii [[Rhakotis]], si loogu adeego maraakiibta xeebaha iyo sahayda jasiiradda [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Pharos]] (hadda qayb ka ah [[Alexandria#Ancient layout|&quot;Ras al-Tin&quot;]]).

[[File:Plan of Alexandria c 30 BC Otto Puchstein 1890s EN.svg|thumb|left|Qorshaha Iskandariya c. 30 BC]]
Qarniyo badan, ciid iyo dhoobo ayaa dekedda ka dhigay mid aan la mari karin. Waxaa nadiifiyay ciidamadii uu hoggaaminayay [[Alexander the Great]] sannadkii 331 BC iyada oo qayb ka ah dhismaha magaalada Iskandariya si ay u noqoto saldhigga badda ee maraakiibtiisa. Injineerkii Alexander, Dinocrat, wuxuu isku xiray dekedda Iskandariya iyo jasiiradda Pharos buundo 1200 mitir oo dherer ah iyo 200 mitir oo ballac ah, isagoo abuuray laba barkadood oo deked ah oo loogu talagalay maraakiibta ganacsiga iyo milatariga. Barkadda waqooyi-bari (''Portus Magnus'', oo hadda ah dekedda Bari) waxaa loogu talagalay maraakiibta milatariga, barkadda koonfur-galbeedna (''Portus Eunostus'', oo hadda ah dekedda ugu weyn ee Iskandariya) waxaa loogu talagalay isticmaalka ganacsiga. Waqtigii [[Ptolemy]], waxaa la dhisay buundo labaad oo loo dhisay Pharos, taas oo sii kala qaybisay dekedda bari laba marin oo kala duwan.

Sida uu qabo [[Strabo]], Iskandariya waxay lahayd deked gudaha ah oo ku taal [[Lake Mareotis]] iyo sidoo kale dekedaha ku yaal badda Mediterranean-ka. Haradu ma lahayn af ku xira badda laakiin waxay ku xirnayd Niilka iyada oo loo marayo kanaalo. Strabo wuxuu ku tilmaamay dekedda harada inay ka mashquul badnayd dekedaha badda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYWlBAAAQBAJ|first=John|last=Cooper|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2014|isbn=9789774166143|page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intii lagu jiray muddadii [[Roman Egypt|Masar-tii Roomaanka]], hadhuudhka waxaa laga dhoofinayay tiro aad u badan dekedda magaalada ee galbeedka, taas oo kasbatay magaca &quot;Portus Magnus&quot;. Hadhuudhka waxaa laga soo dejin jiray Niilka iyada oo la raacayo doonyo xamuul ah waxaana lagu kaydin jiray bakhaarro waaweyn oo u dhow xeebta Harada Mareotis ka hor inta aan la dhoofin. Xilligii ugu sarreeyay ee Boqortooyadii Roomaanka, Iskandariya waxay u dhoofin jirtay 83,000 oo tan oo hadhuudh ah sannadkii Rome. Waqtigii Boqortooyadii dambe, magaaladu waxay u dhoofin jirtay 220,000 oo tan oo hadhuudh ah sannadkii [[Constantinople]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Alexandria in Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2NdJo7uLZoC|first=Christopher|last=Haas|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780801885419|pages=42–43}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casrigii hore ===
[[File:Alexandria, Landscape, 1905, photo 1 of 2 - Archivio fotografico Museo Egizio, Turin - CEFB, Como F_047.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Muuqaalka dekedda Iskandariya sannadkii 1905, oo laga sawiray markabka uumiga ee ''Nile'' in yar ka hor intaanu dhoofin.]]
[[File:Air views of Palestine. Alexandria harbour. Closer view looking along the quay LOC matpc.15927.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Dekedda Iskandariya sannadkii 1932]]
Dekeddii hore waxaa dib u habayn ku sameeyay [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]] dadaalladiisa ku aaddan dib u soo noolaynta Iskandariya oo mar u noqotay tuulo kalluumeysi oo yar xilligii dhexe ee dambe. Muhammad Ali wuxuu soo saaray amarkii uu ku soo celinayay oo uu qayb ahaan dib ugu raadinayay kanaalka biyaha saafiga ah ee ka imanaya Niil markii uu awoodda qabsaday. Markii la dhammaystiray 1820 waxaa loo magacaabay [[Mahmoudiyah Canal]]. Xilligii Muhammad Ali, waxaa la aasaasay goobta maraakiibta ee Iskandariya.

Intii lagu jiray [[World War I|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], ciidammada British-ka ee [[Mediterranean Expeditionary Force]] ee ka qayb galay [[Gallipoli Campaign]] waxay isticmaaleen dekedda Iskandariya oo saldhiggooda ugu weyn ee ciidamada iyo sahayda ku wajahan [[landing at Cape Helles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Climax at Gallipoli: The Failure of the August Offensive|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bMfAwAAQBAJ|first=Rhys|last=Crawley|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2014|series=Campaigns and Commanders Series|volume=42|isbn=9780806145280|page=128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qarnigii 20-aad ee dambe, ganacsiga badda ee dhexmara Dekedda Iskandariya wuxuu dhaafay awooddiisa. Deked cusub ayaa laga dhisay [[Dekhela|El-Dekheila]] intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii oo leh tas-hiilaad loogu talagalay [[container shipping|maraakiibta weelasha]] iyo kaabayaasha si loogu adeego warshadda birta ee u dhow. Marka lagu daro Dekedda Dekheila iyo Dekedda Galbeedka ee Iskandariya, dekedaha magaalada waxaa ka mid ah kuwa ku yaal [[Abu Qir]] iyo Sidi Krer, iyo sidoo kale Dekedda Bari ee Iskandariya oo aan hadda loo isticmaalin maraakiibta xamuulka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Egypt: An Economic Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGWG5RWN2yoC|first1=Fouad N.|last1=Ibrahim|first2=Barbara|last2=Ibrahim|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2003|volume=1|series=International library of human geography|isbn=9781860645471|page=231}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Alexandria Shipyard|Goobta maraakiibta ee Iskandariya]] waxaa asal ahaan la horumariyay 1960-meeyadii iyadoo la kaashanayo dowladda [[Soviet Union|Midowga Soofiyeeti]] sannadkii 2004-tana lahaanshaha goobta maraakiibta waxaa loo wareejiyay [[Ministry of Defence and Military Production|Wasaaradda Difaaca]].

Masar waxay leedahay wadarta 15 dekedood oo ganacsi oo ku yaal xeebaha Mediterranean-ka iyo Badda Cas. Dekedda Iskandariya, oo ay maamusho Maamulka Dekedda Iskandariya, waa tan ugu weyn dalka waxayna maamushaa ku dhawaad 55% [[international trade|ganacsiga caalamiga ah]] ee Masar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Report: Egypt 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CAfaGlYX6gUC|publisher=Oxford Business Group|year=2011|editor-first=Andrew|editor-last=Jeffreys|isbn=9781907065408|page=103}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guud ahaan dekedaha kala duwan ee Iskandariya waxay maamulaan in ka badan saddex meelood meel ganacsiga shisheeye ee Masar, iyadoo ku dhawaad 80% soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta dalka ay dhex maraan magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Greatest Cities in the World You Should Visit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_AO8XBPGAAC|first=Paul J.|last=Christopher|publisher=Encouragement Press|year=2006|series=50 Plus One Series|isbn=9781933766010|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafiga ==
Dekedda galbeed waxay u qaybsantaa dhawr aag:
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka [[cargo|xamuulka]] guud.
# Waxay ka qabataa afar nooc oo hawlo ah: xamuulka mideysan oo ay ku jiraan [[Roll-on roll-off|Ro Ro]] iyo [[Ferry slip|terminal-ka]] rakaabka, xamuulka badan, iyo xamuulka [[barge|doonyaha]].
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka xamuulka guud iyo xamuulka doonyaha.
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka weelasha, [[cement|sementiga]], [[coal|dhuxusha]], xamuulka doonyaha, [[fertilizer|bacriminta]], iyo xamuulka guud.
# Loo isticmaalo maamulka: [[molasses|casiirka sonkorta]], [[timber|alwaaxda]], noocyada qaar ee xamuulka guud, xamuulka doonyaha, [[grain|hadhuudhka]] iyo [[flour|burka]].
# (Dekedda Saliidda): Waxay ku taallaa xuduudaha galbeed ee dekedda, waxaana loo isticmaalaa maamulka [[oil|saliidda]] la cuni karo, wax soo saarka saliidda iyo bixinta shidaalka. Waxa kale oo ka mid ah [[Berth (moorings)|goobaha]] loo isticmaalo maamulka [[livestock|xoolaha]]. Dekeddu kuma jirto tas-hiilaad kaydinta saliidda, laakiin goobaha saliidda ayaa ku xiran [[Oil refinery|warshadda sifeynta]] iyada oo loo marayo dhuun dhererkeedu yahay 2&amp;nbsp;km.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Alexandria#Transport|Gaadiidka Iskandariya]]

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.apa.gov.eg Bogga rasmiga ah ee Maamulka Dekedda Iskandariya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.apa.gov.eg/ |date=20191230111042 }}
*[http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&amp;docId=NNL_MAPS_JER002400654 Khariidadda dekedda Iskandariya, 1817.] Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, Maktabadda Qaranka ee Israel.</text>
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   | designation1_free1name = {{{designation1_free1name|}}}
   | designation1_free1value = {{{designation1_free1value|}}}
   | designation1_free2name = {{{designation1_free2name|}}}
   | designation1_free2value = {{{designation1_free2value|}}}
   | designation1_free3name = {{{designation1_free3name|}}}
   | designation1_free3value = {{{designation1_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Two--&gt;
   | designation2 = {{{designation2|}}}
   | designation2_offname = {{{designation2_offname|}}}
   | designation2_type = {{{designation2_type|}}}
   | designation2_criteria = {{{designation2_criteria|}}}
   | designation2_date = {{{designation2_date|}}}
   | delisted2_date = {{{delisted2_date|}}}
   | designation2_partof = {{{designation2_partof|}}}
   | designation2_number = {{{designation2_number|}}}
   | designation2_free1name = {{{designation2_free1name|}}}
   | designation2_free1value = {{{designation2_free1value|}}}
   | designation2_free2name = {{{designation2_free2name|}}}
   | designation2_free2value = {{{designation2_free2value|}}}
   | designation2_free3name = {{{designation2_free3name|}}}
   | designation2_free3value = {{{designation2_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Three--&gt;
   | designation3 = {{{designation3|}}}
   | designation3_offname = {{{designation3_offname|}}}
   | designation3_type = {{{designation3_type|}}}
   | designation3_criteria = {{{designation3_criteria|}}}
   | designation3_date = {{{designation3_date|}}}
   | delisted3_date = {{{delisted3_date|}}}
   | designation3_partof = {{{designation3_partof|}}}
   | designation3_number = {{{designation3_number|}}}
   | designation3_free1name = {{{designation3_free1name|}}}
   | designation3_free1value = {{{designation3_free1value|}}}
   | designation3_free2name = {{{designation3_free2name|}}}
   | designation3_free2value = {{{designation3_free2value|}}}
   | designation3_free3name = {{{designation3_free3name|}}}
   | designation3_free3value = {{{designation3_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Four--&gt;
   | designation4 = {{{designation4|}}}
   | designation4_offname = {{{designation4_offname|}}}
   | designation4_type = {{{designation4_type|}}}
   | designation4_criteria = {{{designation4_criteria|}}}
   | designation4_date = {{{designation4_date|}}}
   | delisted4_date = {{{delisted4_date|}}}
   | designation4_partof = {{{designation4_partof|}}}
   | designation4_number = {{{designation4_number|}}}
   | designation4_free1name = {{{designation4_free1name|}}}
   | designation4_free1value = {{{designation4_free1value|}}}
   | designation4_free2name = {{{designation4_free2name|}}}
   | designation4_free2value = {{{designation4_free2value|}}}
   | designation4_free3name = {{{designation4_free3name|}}}
   | designation4_free3value = {{{designation4_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Five--&gt;
   | designation5 = {{{designation5|}}}
   | designation5_offname = {{{designation5_offname|}}}
   | designation5_type = {{{designation5_type|}}}
   | designation5_criteria = {{{designation5_criteria|}}}
   | designation5_date = {{{designation5_date|}}}
   | delisted5_date = {{{delisted5_date|}}}
   | designation5_partof = {{{designation5_partof|}}}
   | designation5_number = {{{designation5_number|}}}
   | designation5_free1name = {{{designation5_free1name|}}}
   | designation5_free1value = {{{designation5_free1value|}}}
   | designation5_free2name = {{{designation5_free2name|}}}
   | designation5_free2value = {{{designation5_free2value|}}}
   | designation5_free3name = {{{designation5_free3name|}}}
   | designation5_free3value = {{{designation5_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Six--&gt;
   | designation6 = {{{designation6|}}}
   | designation6_offname = {{{designation6_offname|}}}
   | designation6_type = {{{designation6_type|}}}
   | designation6_criteria = {{{designation6_criteria|}}}
   | designation6_date = {{{designation6_date|}}}
   | delisted6_date = {{{delisted6_date|}}}
   | designation6_partof = {{{designation6_partof|}}}
   | designation6_number = {{{designation6_number|}}}
   | designation6_free1name = {{{designation6_free1name|}}}
   | designation6_free1value = {{{designation6_free1value|}}}
   | designation6_free2name = {{{designation6_free2name|}}}
   | designation6_free2value = {{{designation6_free2value|}}}
   | designation6_free3name = {{{designation6_free3name|}}}
   | designation6_free3value = {{{designation6_free3value|}}}
}}

| data64   = {{{embedded|}}}

| below = {{{notes|}}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox historic site with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox historic site]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| abandoned | alt | archaeologists | architect | architecture | area | beginning_date | beginning_label | builder | built | built_for | caption | circumference | condition | coord_ref | coordinates | cultures | current_use | delisted1_date | delisted2_date | delisted3_date | delisted4_date | delisted5_date | delisted6_date | demolished | dependency_of | designation1 | designation1_criteria | designation1_date | designation1_number | designation1_offname | designation1_partof | designation1_type | designation2 | designation2_criteria | designation2_date | designation2_number | designation2_offname | designation2_partof | designation2_type | designation3 | designation3_criteria | designation3_date | designation3_number | designation3_offname | designation3_partof | designation3_type | designation4 | designation4_criteria | designation4_date | designation4_number | designation4_offname | designation4_partof | designation4_type | designation5 | designation5_criteria | designation5_date | designation5_number | designation5_offname | designation5_partof | designation5_type | designation6 | designation6_criteria | designation6_date | designation6_number | designation6_offname | designation6_partof | designation6_type | designation1_free1name | designation1_free1value | designation1_free2name | designation1_free2value | designation1_free3name | designation1_free3value | designation2_free1name | designation2_free1value | designation2_free2name | designation2_free2value | designation2_free3name | designation2_free3value | designation3_free1name | designation3_free1value | designation3_free2name | designation3_free2value | designation3_free3name | designation3_free3value | designation4_free1name | designation4_free1value | designation4_free2name | designation4_free2value | designation4_free3name | designation4_free3value | designation5_free1name | designation5_free1value | designation5_free2name | designation5_free2value | designation5_free3name | designation5_free3value | designation6_free1name | designation6_free1value | designation6_free2name | designation6_free2value | designation6_free3name | designation6_free3value | diameter | discovered | elevation | embed | embedded | end_date | end_label | epochs | etymology | events | excavations | formed | founded | founder | gbgridref | gbgridref_note | governing_body | grid_name | grid_position | height | hes | hillfort | image | image_map | image_map_alt | image_map_caption | image_map_size | image_map_upright | image_size | image_upright | length | location | management | map_alt | map_caption | map_dot_label | map_dot_mark | map_label_position | map_overlay | map_relief | map_type | map_width | marksize | material | megaj | name | native_name | native_name_lang | native_name_lang2 | native_name_lang3 | native_name2 | native_name3 | native_names | nearest_city | nhle | notes | occupants | original_use | other_designation | other_name | owner | part_of | public_access | rebuilt | region | restored | restored_by | sculptor | type | visitors_num | visitors_ref | visitors_year | volume | website | width | year_of_event }}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>299021</id>
      <parentid>299020</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T16:50:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="15570" sha1="p126bs82e5gc9cpde2tzuhz3c5rv6o5" xml:space="preserve">{{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |&lt;!--Do nothing--&gt; |{{#invoke:Type in location|main|{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|Historic site}}|{{{location|}}}}}}}}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Infobox
| child = {{#ifeq:{{{embed|}}}|yes|yes}}
| bodyclass = vcard
| autoheaders = yes
| headerstyle = background-color: #eee;color:inherit;
 
| above = {{If empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
| abovestyle = font-size:125%; text-align:center
| aboveclass = fn org

| subheader = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|{{native name list
   | tag1  = {{{native_name_lang|}}}
   | name1 = {{{native_name|}}}
   | tag2  = {{{native_name_lang2|}}}
   | name2 = {{{native_name2|}}}
   | tag3  = {{{native_name_lang3|}}}
   | name3 = {{{native_name3|}}}
 }}}}

| subheader2 = {{{native_names|}}}
| subheader3 = {{{other_name|}}}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}
                                |size={{#if:{{{image_size|}}}|{{min|{{if empty|{{#invoke:String|match|{{{image_size}}}|^%d+}}|250}}|300}}}}
                                |upright={{#if:{{{image_upright|}}}|{{min|{{{image_upright}}}|1.35}}|1.14}}
                                |alt={{{alt|}}}}}
| caption = {{{caption|}}}

| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}
                                |size={{#if:{{{image_map_size|}}}|{{min|{{if empty|{{#invoke:String|match|{{{image_map_size}}}|^%d+}}|250}}|300}}}}
                                |upright={{#if:{{{image_map_upright|}}}|{{min|{{{image_map_upright}}}|1.35}}|1.14}}
                                |alt={{{image_map_alt|}}}}}
| caption2 = {{{image_map_caption|}}}

| image3 = {{#if:{{{map_type|}}}|{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{#property:P625}}|{{Location map|{{{map_type|}}}
 | border  = infobox
 | caption = {{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|{{{map_caption}}}|Goobta {{If empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} ee {{#invoke:Location map|data|{{{map_type|}}}|name}}}}
 | float   = center
 | alt     = {{{map_alt|}}}
 | relief  = {{{map_relief|}}}
 | width   = {{if empty|{{{map_width|}}}|250}}
 | mark    = {{if empty|{{{map_dot_mark|}}}|Red pog.svg}}
 | label   = {{{map_dot_label|}}}
 | marksize      = {{if empty|{{{marksize|}}}|7}}
 | coordinates   = {{{coordinates|}}}
 | position      = {{{map_label_position|}}}
 | overlay_image = {{{map_overlay|}}}
 }}}}}}

| image4     = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe
  | auto
  | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map_type|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{embed|}}}|no|yes}}
  | mapframe-frame-width = 250
  | mapframe-type = landmark
  | mapframe-marker-color = #919090
  | mapframe-stroke-color = #525252
  | mapframe-stroke-width = 3
  | mapframe-shape-fill = #dbdbdb
  | mapframe-caption = Khariidadda is-dhexgalka ah ee {{If empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
}}
| data1    = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:landmark}}{{{coord_ref|}}}}}

| label2   = Nooc
| data2    = {{{type|}}}
| label3   = Asal-raaca ereyga
| data3    = {{{etymology|}}}
| label4   = Xilliyo
| data4    = {{{epochs|}}}
| label5   = Dhaqammo
| data5    = {{{cultures|}}}
| label6   = Ku tiirsan
| data6    = {{{dependency_of|}}}
| label7   = La xiriira
| data7    = {{{occupants|}}}

&lt;!-- LOCATION --&gt;
| label8   = Goobta
| data8    = {{{location|}}}
| label9   = Gobolka
| class9   = label
| data9    = {{{region|}}}
| label10  = Magaalada ugu dhow
| data10   = {{{nearest_city|}}}
| label11  = Qayb ka mid ah
| data11   = {{{part_of|}}}
| label12  = {{longitem|[[British national grid reference system|OS grid reference]]}}
| data12   = {{#if:{{{gbgridref|}}}|{{gbm4ibx|{{{gbgridref}}}|name={{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }}{{{gbgridref_note|}}}}}
| label13  = {{longitem|{{if empty|{{{grid_name|}}}|Booska shabakadda}}}}
| data13   = {{{grid_position|}}}

&lt;!-- HISTORY --&gt;
| header14 = Taariikh

| label15  = {{longitem|{{{beginning_label|}}}}}
| data15   = {{#if: {{{beginning_label|}}} | {{{beginning_date|}}} }}
| label16  = La sameeyay
| data16   = {{{formed|}}}
| label17  = La aasaasay
| data17   = {{{founded|}}}
| label18  = Aasaasaha
| data18   = {{{founder|}}}
| label19  = La dhisay
| data19   = {{{built|}}}
| label20  = Wax dhisay
| data20   = {{{builder|}}}
| label21  = Loo dhisay
| data21   = {{{built_for|}}}
| label22  = Isticmaalkii hore
| data22   = {{{original_use|}}}
| label23  = La burburiyay
| data23   = {{{demolished|}}}
| label24  = Laga tagay
| data24   = {{{abandoned|}}}
| label25  = Dib loo dhisay
| data25   = {{{rebuilt|}}}
| label26  = {{longitem|{{{end_label|}}}}}
| data26   = {{#if: {{{end_label|}}} | {{{end_date|}}} }}
| label27  = Dhacdo{{pluralize from text|{{{events|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}}
| data27   = {{{events|}}}

&lt;!-- SITE NOTES --&gt;
| header28 = Xusuusin goobta

| label29  = Qalabka
| class29  = category
| data29   = {{{material|}}}
| label30  = Joogga
| data30   = {{{elevation|}}}
| label31  = Dhererka
| data31   = {{{height|}}}
| label32  = Dhererka (wadajir)
| data32   = {{{length|}}}
| label33  = Ballaca
| data33   = {{{width|}}}
| label34  = Bedka
| data34   = {{{area|}}}
| label35  = Mugga
| data35   = {{{volume|}}}
| label36  = Dhexroorka
| data36   = {{{diameter|}}}
| label37  = Wareegga
| data37   = {{{circumference|}}}

| label38  = Naqshadeeye{{pluralize from text|{{{architect|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}}
| data38   = {{{architect|}}}
| label39  = Xaradh-yahan
| data39   = {{{sculptor|}}}
| label40  = {{longitem|Hab-dhismeedka{{pluralize from text|{{{architecture|}}}|plural=s}}}}
| data40   = {{{architecture|}}}

| label41  = Taariikhaha qodista
| data41   = {{{excavations|}}}
| label42  = Khubarada qadiimiga
| data42   = {{{archaeologists|}}}
| label43  = La helay
| data43   = {{{discovered|}}}

| label44  = Dib loo soo celiyay
| data44   = {{{restored|}}}
| label45  = Dib u soo celiyay
| data45   = {{{restored_by|}}}
| label46  = Xaaladda
| data46   = {{{condition|}}}
| label47  = Isticmaalka hadda
| data47   = {{{current_use|}}}

| label48  = Sannadka dhacdada
| data48   = {{{year_of_event|}}}
| label49  = Hay'adda maamusha
| data49   = {{{governing_body|}}}
| label50  = Mulkiilaha
| data50   = {{{owner|}}}
| label51  = Maamulka
| data51   = {{{management|}}}
| label52  = Soo-booqdayaasha
| data52   = {{{visitors_num|}}}{{#if:{{{visitors_year|}}}|&amp;nbsp;(sannadkii {{{visitors_year|}}})}}{{{visitors_ref|}}}
| label53  = Helitaanka dadweynaha
| data53   = {{{public_access|}}}
| label54  = Bogga internetka
| data54   = {{{website|}}}

&lt;!-- IDENTIFIERS --&gt;
| header55 = Aqoonsiyada
| label56  = [[National Heritage List for England|NHLE]]
| data56   = {{#if: {{{nhle|}}} | [https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/{{{nhle}}} {{{nhle}}}] }}
| label57  = {{longitem|[[Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland|''Atlas of Hillforts'']]}}
| data57   = {{#if: {{{hillfort|}}} | [https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk/?query=Atlas_of_Hillforts_4166_0,Main_Atlas_Number,{{{hillfort}}} {{{hillfort}}}] }}
| label58  = [[Middle Eastern Geodatabase for Antiquities (MEGA)|MEGA-J]]
| data58   = {{{megaj|}}}
| label59  = [[Historic Environment Scotland|HES]]
| data59   = {{#if: {{{hes|}}} | [https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/{{{hes}}} {{{hes}}}] }}

&lt;!-- designation sections --&gt;
| header60 = Magacaabisyada
| label61  = Magacaabista
| data61   = {{{other_designation|}}}

| header62 = _BLANK_
| data63   = {{Infobox designation list|embed=yes&lt;!--
   One--&gt;
   | designation1 = {{{designation1|}}}
   | designation1_offname = {{{designation1_offname|}}}
   | designation1_type = {{{designation1_type|}}}
   | designation1_criteria = {{{designation1_criteria|}}}
   | designation1_date = {{{designation1_date|}}}
   | delisted1_date = {{{delisted1_date|}}}
   | designation1_partof = {{{designation1_partof|}}}
   | designation1_number = {{{designation1_number|}}}
   | designation1_free1name = {{{designation1_free1name|}}}
   | designation1_free1value = {{{designation1_free1value|}}}
   | designation1_free2name = {{{designation1_free2name|}}}
   | designation1_free2value = {{{designation1_free2value|}}}
   | designation1_free3name = {{{designation1_free3name|}}}
   | designation1_free3value = {{{designation1_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Two--&gt;
   | designation2 = {{{designation2|}}}
   | designation2_offname = {{{designation2_offname|}}}
   | designation2_type = {{{designation2_type|}}}
   | designation2_criteria = {{{designation2_criteria|}}}
   | designation2_date = {{{designation2_date|}}}
   | delisted2_date = {{{delisted2_date|}}}
   | designation2_partof = {{{designation2_partof|}}}
   | designation2_number = {{{designation2_number|}}}
   | designation2_free1name = {{{designation2_free1name|}}}
   | designation2_free1value = {{{designation2_free1value|}}}
   | designation2_free2name = {{{designation2_free2name|}}}
   | designation2_free2value = {{{designation2_free2value|}}}
   | designation2_free3name = {{{designation2_free3name|}}}
   | designation2_free3value = {{{designation2_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Three--&gt;
   | designation3 = {{{designation3|}}}
   | designation3_offname = {{{designation3_offname|}}}
   | designation3_type = {{{designation3_type|}}}
   | designation3_criteria = {{{designation3_criteria|}}}
   | designation3_date = {{{designation3_date|}}}
   | delisted3_date = {{{delisted3_date|}}}
   | designation3_partof = {{{designation3_partof|}}}
   | designation3_number = {{{designation3_number|}}}
   | designation3_free1name = {{{designation3_free1name|}}}
   | designation3_free1value = {{{designation3_free1value|}}}
   | designation3_free2name = {{{designation3_free2name|}}}
   | designation3_free2value = {{{designation3_free2value|}}}
   | designation3_free3name = {{{designation3_free3name|}}}
   | designation3_free3value = {{{designation3_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Four--&gt;
   | designation4 = {{{designation4|}}}
   | designation4_offname = {{{designation4_offname|}}}
   | designation4_type = {{{designation4_type|}}}
   | designation4_criteria = {{{designation4_criteria|}}}
   | designation4_date = {{{designation4_date|}}}
   | delisted4_date = {{{delisted4_date|}}}
   | designation4_partof = {{{designation4_partof|}}}
   | designation4_number = {{{designation4_number|}}}
   | designation4_free1name = {{{designation4_free1name|}}}
   | designation4_free1value = {{{designation4_free1value|}}}
   | designation4_free2name = {{{designation4_free2name|}}}
   | designation4_free2value = {{{designation4_free2value|}}}
   | designation4_free3name = {{{designation4_free3name|}}}
   | designation4_free3value = {{{designation4_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Five--&gt;
   | designation5 = {{{designation5|}}}
   | designation5_offname = {{{designation5_offname|}}}
   | designation5_type = {{{designation5_type|}}}
   | designation5_criteria = {{{designation5_criteria|}}}
   | designation5_date = {{{designation5_date|}}}
   | delisted5_date = {{{delisted5_date|}}}
   | designation5_partof = {{{designation5_partof|}}}
   | designation5_number = {{{designation5_number|}}}
   | designation5_free1name = {{{designation5_free1name|}}}
   | designation5_free1value = {{{designation5_free1value|}}}
   | designation5_free2name = {{{designation5_free2name|}}}
   | designation5_free2value = {{{designation5_free2value|}}}
   | designation5_free3name = {{{designation5_free3name|}}}
   | designation5_free3value = {{{designation5_free3value|}}}&lt;!--
   Six--&gt;
   | designation6 = {{{designation6|}}}
   | designation6_offname = {{{designation6_offname|}}}
   | designation6_type = {{{designation6_type|}}}
   | designation6_criteria = {{{designation6_criteria|}}}
   | designation6_date = {{{designation6_date|}}}
   | delisted6_date = {{{delisted6_date|}}}
   | designation6_partof = {{{designation6_partof|}}}
   | designation6_number = {{{designation6_number|}}}
   | designation6_free1name = {{{designation6_free1name|}}}
   | designation6_free1value = {{{designation6_free1value|}}}
   | designation6_free2name = {{{designation6_free2name|}}}
   | designation6_free2value = {{{designation6_free2value|}}}
   | designation6_free3name = {{{designation6_free3name|}}}
   | designation6_free3value = {{{designation6_free3value|}}}
}}

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    <title>Wadi al-Jarf</title>
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 |name = Wadi al-Jarf
 |native_names = {{native name|ar| وادي الجرف}}
 |other_name = Wadi al-Garf,&lt;br/&gt;Rod El-Khawaga
 |image = 
 |alt = 
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 |map_type = Egypt
 |map_alt = 
 |map_caption =
 |coordinates = {{coord|28|53|30|N|32|39|30|E|display=inline,title}}
 |location = [[Egypt|Masar]]
 |region = [[Red Sea Governorate|Gobolka Badda Cas]]
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 |epochs = &lt;!-- wuxuu u soo bandhigayaa sidii &quot;Xilliyo&quot; --&gt;
 |cultures = 
 |dependency_of = 
 |occupants = 
 |event = 
 |excavations = 
 |archaeologists = [[John Gardner Wilkinson|J. G. Wilkinson]]
 |condition = 
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 |notes =
}}

'''Wadi al-Jarf''' ({{langx|ar|وادي الجرف}}) waa goob ku taal xeebta [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]] ee dalka Masar, {{convert|119|km|mi|abbr=on}} koonfurta [[Suez]], taas oo ah goobta [[harbour|deked]] dabiici ah oo adduunka ugu da'da weyn ee la yaqaan, la horumariyay qiyaastii 4500 oo sano ka hor. Waxay ku taallaa afka Wadi Araba, oo ah marin isgaarsiineed oo muhiim ah oo u dhexeeya [[Nile Valley|Dooxada Niilka]] iyo [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]], oo ka gudba [[Eastern Desert|Saxaaraha Bari]]. Goobtu waxay ka soo horjeedaa [[Gulf of Suez|Gacanka Suez]] qalcad yar oo Sinai ah oo ah [[Tell Ras Budran]]. Deked hore oo xoogaa la mid ah ayaa ku taal [[Ain Sukhna]], xoogaa waqooyi ka xigta Wadi al-Jarf.

Goobta waxaa markii ugu horreysay helay [[John Gardner Wilkinson|J. G. Wilkinson]] sannadkii 1832. Waxaa dib u helay koox Faransiis ah 1950-meeyadii, kuwaas oo u bixiyay '''Rod el-Khawaga'''. Shaqadii qadiimiga ahayd si dhakhso ah ayaa loo joojiyay markii uu qarxay [[Suez Crisis|Dhibaatadii Suez]] sannadkii 1956. Koox isku dhaf ah oo Faransiis iyo Masriyiin ah ayaa dib u billaabay qodista sannadkii 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=British Museum - Tallet|url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20190801105841mp_/http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/online_journals/bmsaes/issue_18/tallet.aspx|access-date=2022-01-17|website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dekedda goobta ku taal waxay soo taxnayd ilaa [[Fourth Dynasty of Egypt|Boqortooyadii Afraad ee Masar]], qiyaastii 4,500 oo sano ka hor. Sidoo kale waxaa goobta laga helay in ka badan 100 barroosinka maraakiibta, kuwaas oo ah barroosinkii ugu horreeyay ee Boqortooyadii Hore ee laga helo xaaladdoodii asalka ahayd, iyo dheriyo kayd ah oo badan. Dheriyada waxaa lala xiriiriyay kuwo ka mid ah goob kale oo ku taal dhinaca kale ee Badda Cas, taas oo muujinaysa ganacsi u dhexeeya labada goobood. Tiro badan oo qaybo [[papyrus|baabiiro]] ah ayaa laga helay Wadi al-Jarf, taas oo bixisay aragti ku saabsan nolosha intii lagu jiray Boqortooyadii Afraad. Baabiiradaani waa kuwii ugu da'da weynaa ee abid laga helo Masar.

==Helitaankii==
Dukumentigii ugu horreeyay ee la yaqaan ee qaab-dhismeedka dekedda hore ee Wadi al-Jarf wuxuu ahaa 1832, markii [[J. G. Wilkinson]] uu xusay jiritaankooda. Wuxuu helay taxane galeryo ah oo laga gooyay dhagaxa kuwaas oo uu u haystay inay yihiin [[catacombs|qabuuro]] Giriig ah.&lt;ref name=Discovery&gt;{{cite news|title=Most Ancient Port, Hieroglyphic Papyri Found|author=Rossella Lorenzi|work=Discovery News|date=12 April 2013|url=http://news.discovery.com/history/ancient-egypt/worlds-oldest-port-and-egyptian-papyrus-uncovered-130412.htm|access-date=21 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1950-meeyadii, koox dad Faransiis ah oo hiwaayad u leh cilmiga qadiimiga ayaa bilaabay inay sahamiyaan qaybo ka mid ah goobta, taas oo ay u bixiyeen Rod el-Khawaga, laakiin waxaa laga saaray intii lagu jiray [[Suez Crisis|Dhibaatadii Suez]] ee 1956. Qoraalladooda waxaa la daabacay 2008, taas oo dhiirigelisay xiisaha dib u billaabidda shaqada.&lt;ref name=BritishMuseum&gt;{{cite journal|title=Ayn Sukhna and Wadi el-Jarf: Two newly discovered pharaonic harbours on the Suez Gulf|journal=British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan|last=Tallet|first=Pierre|volume=18|year=2012|pages=147–68|issn=2049-5021|url=https://research.britishmuseum.org/PDF/Tallet.pdf|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128123352/https://research.britishmuseum.org/PDF/Tallet.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qodista nidaamsan waxaa dib u billaabay 2011 koox isku dhaf ah oo Masriyiin iyo Faransiis ah oo uu hoggaaminayay Pierre Tallet (Jaamacadda Paris IV-La Sorbonne) iyo Gregory Marouard (Machadka Bari, Chicago). Bishii Abriil 2013, khubarada qadiimiga ah ayaa ku dhawaaqay helitaanka deked hore iyo daraasiin dukumentiyo [[papyrus|baabiiro]] ah oo ku yaal goobta. Kuwaas waa baabiiradii ugu da'da weynaa ee abid laga helo Masar (qiyaastii 2560–2550 BC, dhamaadkii xukunkii [[Khufu]] ).&lt;ref name=Huffington /&gt;

==Farshaxanada==

===Dekedda===
Dhismaha dekeddu wuxuu ka kooban yahay qiyaastii {{convert|150|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} [[Mole (architecture)|mole]] ama jid dhagax ah oo weli laga arki karo mowjadaha oo hooseeya ({{coord|28.8888|N|32.6815|E|type:landmark_region:EG|display=inline}}), ''alamat'' ama calaamad dhuleed oo navigation ah oo ka samaysan dhagaxyo la dhoobay, {{convert|60|x|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} dhisme shaqo aan la aqoon oo loo qaybiyay 13 qol oo dhaadheer, iyo taxane ah 25 ilaa 30 galeryo kayd ah oo lagu xardhay dhagaxa nuuradda oo sii galaya gudaha. Dhismaha shaqadiisa aan la aqoon waa dhismihii fircooniga ahaa ee ugu weynaa ee ilaa hadda la helay iyadoo ay weheliso xeebta Badda Cas. Galeryada kaydintu waa inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|16|and|34|m|ft|abbr=on}} oo dherer ah, oo badiyaa ah {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} ballac ah iyo {{convert|2.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} dherer ah.&lt;ref name=Marouard&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marouard |first1=Gregory |last2=Tallet |first2=Pierre |year=2012 |title=Wadi al-Jarf - An early pharaonic harbour on the Red Sea coast |journal=Egyptian Archaeology |volume=40 |pages=40–43 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1819574 |access-date=18 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gudaha galeryada waxaa yaallay dhowr qaybood oo dooni iyo shiraac ah, qaar ka mid ah qoryaha doonida, iyo xabbado badan oo xadhig hore ah.&lt;ref name=Discovery /&gt;&lt;ref name=BritishMuseum /&gt; Labaatan iyo shan barroosin oo dhagax ah ayaa laga helay biyaha hoostooda, 99 barroosinna waxaa laga helay dhisme kayd ah oo muuqda.&lt;ref name=Discovery /&gt; Helitaanka barroosinnada ee xaaladdoodii asalka ahayd waa markii ugu horreysay ee cilmiga qadiimiga ah ee Boqortooyadii Hore.&lt;ref name=Marouard /&gt; Qaar badan oo ka mid ah barroosinnada ayaa wata hieroglyphs, oo u badan inay matalayaan magacyada doonyaha ay ka yimaadeen.&lt;ref name=Global /&gt;

Dekeddu waxay ahayd meesha laga bilaabo safarrada laga bilaabo dhulka weyn ee Masar ilaa hawlgallada macdanta ee Koonfurta Sinai.&lt;ref name=BritishMuseum /&gt; Waxaa la qiyaasayaa in dekedda laga yaabo inay sidoo kale loo isticmaalo in lagu bilaabo safarro ku wajahan &quot;mustahriimka [[Land of Punt|Dhulka Punt]]&quot;, oo ah lammaane ganacsi oo caan ah oo Masar ah.&lt;ref name=Huffington&gt;{{cite news|title=Wadi El Jarf Site Reveals Oldest Harbor, Papyri Ever Found In Egypt|date=17 April 2013|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/16/wadi-el-jarf-oldest--papyri_n_3094944.html|last=Davis|first=Carlo|work=Huffington Post|access-date=21 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dekedda waxaa la horumariyay xukunkii Fircoon [[Khufu]] (2589–2566 BC), kaas oo magaciisa lagu xardhay qaar ka mid ah blocks-ka dhagaxa nuuradda ee culus ee goobta.&lt;ref name=Discovery /&gt;&lt;ref name=Global&gt;{{cite news|title=Archeologists discover oldest Egyptian harbor ever found|first=Samantha|last=Stainburn|work=Global Post|date=18 April 2013|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/egypt/130418/archeologists-discover-oldest-egyptian-harbor-ever-fo|access-date=21 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taasi waxay ka dhigan tahay in dekeddu ay ka horreyso qaab-dhismeedka labaad ee ugu da'da weyn dekedda in ka badan 1,000 oo sano.&lt;ref name=Huffington /&gt; Waxaa jira xoogaa caddayn raad ah oo isticmaalka intii lagu jiray qaybta hore ee [[Fifth Dynasty of Egypt|Boqortooyadii Shanaad]], ka dibna dekedda waxay u badan tahay in laga tagay.&lt;ref name=Marouard /&gt;

===Dheriyada kaydinta iyo baabiirada===
Dheriyo badan oo dhagax ah oo loogu talagalay cuntada iyo kaydinta biyaha, qaybo ka mid ah dharka iyo alwaaxa, iyo ururin boqollaal qaybood oo baabiir ah ayaa sidoo kale laga helay goobta.&lt;ref name=Discovery /&gt;&lt;ref name=Marouard /&gt; Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dheriyada waxay wataan magacyo dad ama doonyo oo ku qoran khad cas, taas oo muujinaysa milkiilayaashooda. Dheriyada waxaa lagu gartaa halabuur aad u gaar ah oo [[marl]] ah kaas oo horey loogu aqoonsaday macnaha guud ee Boqortooyadii Afraad goobo kale, oo ay ku jiraan dhinaca kale ee [[Gulf of Suez|Gacanka Suez]] ee [[Tell Ras Budran]].&lt;ref name=Marouard /&gt;

Toban ka mid ah baabiirada ayaa si gaar ah si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay.&lt;ref name=Discovery /&gt; Inta badan dukumiintiyadan waxay soo taxan yihiin sannadkii ka dambeeyay tirinta lo'da ee 13-aad ee xukunkii Khufu waxayna sharraxayaan sida maamulka dhexe uu u diray cunto iyo sahay u socdaalayaasha Masar.&lt;ref name=Discovery /&gt;&lt;ref name=Global /&gt; Hal dukumiinti ayaa ah mid xiiso gaar ah leh: [[Diary of Merer]], oo ah sarkaal ku lug leh dhismaha [[Great Pyramid of Khufu|Ahraamta Weyn ee Khufu]]. Isagoo isticmaalaya xusuus-qorka, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay dib u dhiseen saddex bilood oo noloshiisa ah, taas oo bixisay aragti cusub oo ku saabsan nolosha maalinlaha ah ee dadka Boqortooyadii Afraad.&lt;ref name=Discovery /&gt;&lt;ref name=Global /&gt;&lt;ref name=MIFAO136 /&gt; Baabiiradaani waa kuwii ugu da'da weynaa ee abid laga helo Masar.&lt;ref name=Huffington /&gt;

===Guryaha===
Saddex kooxood oo dhismayaal ah ayaa laga helay {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} waqooyi-galbeed ee dekedda. Dhismaha leydi-qaabaysan iyo habaynta qolalka oo loo qaybiyay qaab unug oo kale ayaa muujisay in dhismayaashu ay u adeegeen sidii meelo lagu noolaado.&lt;ref name=Marouard /&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=MIFAO136&gt;Tallet Pierre Les papyrus de la mer Rouge I. le « Journal de Merer » (P. Jarf A et B) MIFAO 136, 2017&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200128123352/https://research.britishmuseum.org/PDF/Tallet.pdf Ayn Sukhna and Wadi el-Jarf: Two newly discovered pharaonic harbours on the Suez Gulf] - waxaa ku jira sawirro goobta ah iyo qaar ka mid ah farshaxanadii laga helay
* P. Tallet, G. Marouard, D. Laisney (2012), [https://web.archive.org/web/20230312172335/https://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/112/24/ Un port de la IVe Dynastie au Ouadi al-Jarf, (mer Rouge).] [[Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale|BIFAO]] 112, (2012) pp.&amp;nbsp;399–446
* P. Tallet, G. Marouard (2012), [https://www.academia.edu/1819574/Wadi_al-Jarf_-_An_early_pharaonic_harbour_on_the_Red_Sea_coast_-_Egyptian_Archaeology_40_2012_p._40-43 ''An early pharaonic harbour on the Red Sea coast.''] academia.edu
* P. Tallet, G. Marouard (2014), [https://www.academia.edu/6268371/The_Harbor_of_Khufu_on_the_Red_Sea_Coast_at_Wadi_al-Jarf_Egypt_-_NEA_77.1_2014_p._4-14 The Harbor of Khufu on the Red Sea Coast at Wadi al-Jarf Egypt] academia.edu

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    <title>Dekedda Konteenarada ee Kanaalka Suweys</title>
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| name        = Suez Canal Container Terminal SCCT
| logo        = 
| type        = Gaar loo leeyahay
| founded     = 2000
| hq_location = [[Port Fuad]], [[Masar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;El-Bastawisy&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=El-Bastawisy|first1=Magdy M.|title=Incorporating Local Urban Environmental Conservation and Regional Development: Port Fouad, Egypt|journal=Procedia Environmental Sciences|volume=34|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|pages=271–284|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.025|date=1 January 2016|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| key_people  = Lars Vang Christensen ([[Maamule guud|CEO]])&lt;br&gt;Mahmoud Ayoub ([[Madaxa hawlgallada|COO]])
| industry    = [[Gaadiid]], [[Container terminal|Dekadaha]]
| website     = http://www.scct.com.eg/
{{coord|31|12|41.18|N|32|21|25.60|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Suez Canal Container Terminal''' ('''SCCT''') ({{langx|ar|شركة قناة السويس للحاويات}}) waa [[container terminal|dekad weelasha (konteenarada)]] oo ku taal [[East Port Said Industrial Zone|Port Said East]] waxayna u shaqaysaa sidii xarun lagu kala beddelo badeecadaha ee bariga [[Mediterranean|Badda Dhexe]] ee ku taal albaabka waqooyi ee [[Suez Canal|Kanaalka Suez]]. Dekaddu waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo Oktoobar 2004. Suez Canal Container Terminal (SCCT) waa [[joint venture|shirkad wadajir ah]] oo gaar loo leeyahay taas oo heshay heshiis lagu dhisayo, lagu shaqaynayo, iyo lagu maamulayo dekaddan cusub.

Inta badan (55%) saamiyada SCCT waxaa haysta [[APM Terminals]]. 20% saamiyada waxaa haysta [[COSCO]], 10% waxaa haysta Suez Canal &amp; Affiliates, 5% waxaa haysta [[National Bank of Egypt|Bangiga Qaranka ee Masar]] (NBE), iyo 10%-ka soo haray waxaa haysta qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ee Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.scct.com.eg/general_info.php | title=SCCT - SUEZ CANAL CONTAINER TERMINAL | accessdate=September 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
[[Government of Egypt|Dawladda Masar]] waxay saxiixday heshiis muddo 30 sano ah oo la xiriira baahida loo qabo dekad weelasha (konteenarada) ee [[Port Said]].{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Sanadkii 2002,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Masar waxay ansixisay heshiis dheeri ah, ka dib ansixintii hore ee naqshadda dekadda ee 2001.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}

Dhismaha SCCT wuxuu markii ugu horraysay bilaabmay 2003,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} waxaana la dejiyay taariikhda la hiigsanayo oo ahayd Oktoobar 1 ee sannadka xiga. Suez Canal Container Terminal waxay bilowday shaqadeeda Oktoobar 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot; /&gt;

Sanadkii 2007, [[Dawladda Masar]] waxay saxiixday heshiis&lt;ref name=&quot;eloginet1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.e-logi.net/?ID=382 | title=E-Logi.net Suez Canal Container Terminal (SCCT) signs concession agreement for Phase II of the East Port Said terminal development | date=September 9, 2007 | accessdate=September 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo loogu talagalay horumarinta &quot;Wajiga II&quot; ee xarunta SCCT.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot; /&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[APM Terminals]]
*[[A. P. Moller-Maersk Group]]
*[[Port Said Port Authority]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.scct.com.eg SCCT Suez Canal Container Terminal]</text>
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| name        = Dekedda Konteenarada ee Kanaalka Suweys SCCT
| logo        = 
| type        = Gaar loo leeyahay
| founded     = 2000
| hq_location = [[Port Fuad]], [[Masar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;El-Bastawisy&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=El-Bastawisy|first1=Magdy M.|title=Incorporating Local Urban Environmental Conservation and Regional Development: Port Fouad, Egypt|journal=Procedia Environmental Sciences|volume=34|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|pages=271–284|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.025|date=1 January 2016|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| key_people  = Lars Vang Christensen ([[Maamule guud|CEO]])&lt;br&gt;Mahmoud Ayoub ([[Madaxa hawlgallada|COO]])
| industry    = [[Gaadiid]], [[Container terminal|Dekadaha]]
| website     = http://www.scct.com.eg/
{{coord|31|12|41.18|N|32|21|25.60|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Dekedda Konteenarada ee Kanaalka Suweys''' ('''SCCT''') ({{langx|ar|شركة قناة السويس للحاويات}}) waa [[container terminal|dekad weelasha (konteenarada)]] oo ku taal [[East Port Said Industrial Zone|Port Said East]] waxayna u shaqaysaa sidii xarun lagu kala beddelo badeecadaha ee bariga [[Mediterranean|Badda Dhexe]] ee ku taal albaabka waqooyi ee [[Suez Canal|Kanaalka Suez]]. Dekaddu waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo Oktoobar 2004. Suez Canal Container Terminal (SCCT) waa [[joint venture|shirkad wadajir ah]] oo gaar loo leeyahay taas oo heshay heshiis lagu dhisayo, lagu shaqaynayo, iyo lagu maamulayo dekaddan cusub.

Inta badan (55%) saamiyada SCCT waxaa haysta [[APM Terminals]]. 20% saamiyada waxaa haysta [[COSCO]], 10% waxaa haysta Suez Canal &amp; Affiliates, 5% waxaa haysta [[National Bank of Egypt|Bangiga Qaranka ee Masar]] (NBE), iyo 10%-ka soo haray waxaa haysta qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ee Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.scct.com.eg/general_info.php | title=SCCT - SUEZ CANAL CONTAINER TERMINAL | accessdate=September 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
[[Government of Egypt|Dawladda Masar]] waxay saxiixday heshiis muddo 30 sano ah oo la xiriira baahida loo qabo dekad weelasha (konteenarada) ee [[Port Said]].{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Sanadkii 2002,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Masar waxay ansixisay heshiis dheeri ah, ka dib ansixintii hore ee naqshadda dekadda ee 2001.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}

Dhismaha SCCT wuxuu markii ugu horraysay bilaabmay 2003,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} waxaana la dejiyay taariikhda la hiigsanayo oo ahayd Oktoobar 1 ee sannadka xiga. Suez Canal Container Terminal waxay bilowday shaqadeeda Oktoobar 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot; /&gt;

Sanadkii 2007, [[Dawladda Masar]] waxay saxiixday heshiis&lt;ref name=&quot;eloginet1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.e-logi.net/?ID=382 | title=E-Logi.net Suez Canal Container Terminal (SCCT) signs concession agreement for Phase II of the East Port Said terminal development | date=September 9, 2007 | accessdate=September 30, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo loogu talagalay horumarinta &quot;Wajiga II&quot; ee xarunta SCCT.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot; /&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[APM Terminals]]
*[[A. P. Moller-Maersk Group]]
*[[Port Said Port Authority]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.scct.com.eg SCCT Suez Canal Container Terminal]</text>
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| name        = Dekedda Konteenarada ee Kanaalka Suweys SCCT
| logo        = 
| type        = Gaar loo leeyahay
| founded     = 2000
| hq_location = [[Port Fuad]], [[Masar]]&lt;ref name=&quot;El-Bastawisy&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=El-Bastawisy|first1=Magdy M.|title=Incorporating Local Urban Environmental Conservation and Regional Development: Port Fouad, Egypt|journal=Procedia Environmental Sciences|volume=34|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|pages=271–284|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.025|date=1 January 2016|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| key_people  = Lars Vang Christensen ([[Maamule guud|CEO]])&lt;br&gt;Mahmoud Ayoub ([[Madaxa hawlgallada|COO]])
| industry    = [[Gaadiid]], [[Container terminal|Dekadaha]]
| website     = http://www.scct.com.eg/
{{coord|31|12|41.18|N|32|21|25.60|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Dekedda Konteenarada ee Kanaalka Suweys''' ('''SCCT''') ({{langx|ar|شركة قناة السويس للحاويات}}) waa [[container terminal|dekad weelasha (konteenarada)]] oo ku taal [[East Port Said Industrial Zone|Port Said East]] waxayna u shaqaysaa sidii xarun lagu kala beddelo badeecadaha ee bariga [[Mediterranean|Badda Dhexe]] ee ku taal albaabka waqooyi ee [[Suez Canal|Kanaalka Suez]]. Dekaddu waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo Oktoobar 2004. Suez Canal Container Terminal (SCCT) waa [[joint venture|shirkad wadajir ah]] oo gaar loo leeyahay taas oo heshay heshiis lagu dhisayo, lagu shaqaynayo, iyo lagu maamulayo dekaddan cusub.

Inta badan (55%) saamiyada SCCT waxaa haysta [[APM Terminals]]. 20% saamiyada waxaa haysta [[COSCO]], 10% waxaa haysta Suez Canal &amp; Affiliates, 5% waxaa haysta [[National Bank of Egypt|Bangiga Qaranka ee Masar]] (NBE), iyo 10%-ka soo haray waxaa haysta qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ee Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.scct.com.eg/general_info.php | title=SCCT - SUEZ CANAL CONTAINER TERMINAL | accessdate=September 30, 2011 | archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 15, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115233045/http://www.scct.com.eg/general_info.php | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
[[Government of Egypt|Dawladda Masar]] waxay saxiixday heshiis muddo 30 sano ah oo la xiriira baahida loo qabo dekad weelasha (konteenarada) ee [[Port Said]].{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Sanadkii 2002,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Masar waxay ansixisay heshiis dheeri ah, ka dib ansixintii hore ee naqshadda dekadda ee 2001.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}}

Dhismaha SCCT wuxuu markii ugu horraysay bilaabmay 2003,{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} waxaana la dejiyay taariikhda la hiigsanayo oo ahayd Oktoobar 1 ee sannadka xiga. Suez Canal Container Terminal waxay bilowday shaqadeeda Oktoobar 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot; /&gt;

Sanadkii 2007, [[Dawladda Masar]] waxay saxiixday heshiis&lt;ref name=&quot;eloginet1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.e-logi.net/?ID=382 | title=E-Logi.net Suez Canal Container Terminal (SCCT) signs concession agreement for Phase II of the East Port Said terminal development | date=September 9, 2007 | accessdate=September 30, 2011 | archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 13, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313104659/http://e-logi.net/?id=382 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; oo loogu talagalay horumarinta &quot;Wajiga II&quot; ee xarunta SCCT.&lt;ref name=&quot;scct2&quot; /&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[APM Terminals]]
*[[A. P. Moller-Maersk Group]]
*[[Port Said Port Authority]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.scct.com.eg SCCT Suez Canal Container Terminal]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Peru-nefer</title>
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'''Peru-nefer''' wuxuu ahaa saldhig muhiim ah oo ciidanka badda ah iyo dhismo qasri ah oo la aasaasay intii lagu jiray [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Qarnigii Sideed iyo Tobnaad ee Masar]] ee [[New Kingdom of Egypt|Boqortooyadii Cusub ee Masar]], wuxuuna shaqaynayay ilaa [[Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Qarnigii Sagaal iyo Tobnaad ee Masar]].

Peru-nefer, sida uu qabo [[Manfred Bietak]] iyo [[Labib Habachi]], waxaa lagu aqoonsaday [[Tell el-Daba]] ama Ezbet Helmy.

== Dulmar ==
Markii hore la helay sannadkii 1883, Peru-nefer waxay ku taal qaybta bari ee Delta-da Niil.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.auaris.at/html/helmi_en.html&lt;/ref&gt; Booskeeda ku yaal webiga ayaa ka dhigay mid istiraatiiji ahaan faa'iido u leh marka loo eego dekadaha kale ee casriga ah, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay ku yaalleen bariga fog oo aan si toos ah ugu xirnayn marin-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Niil. Helitaanka goobta iyo u dhowaanshaha waddooyinka ganacsiga waxay u badan tahay inay gacan ka geysatay caannimadeeda xarun ahaan ciidanka badda iyo maamulka. [[Pharaoh|Fircoonadii]] loo malaynayo inay mas'uul ka ahaayeen Peru-nefer waa [[Tuthmosis III]] (oo xukumay 1479 – 1425 BC) iyo [[Amenhotep II]] (oo xukumay 1427–1401 BC) oo ka tirsan [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Qarnigii Sideed iyo Tobnaad ee Masar]]. Goobta waxaa guud ahaan lagu aqoonsaday Tell el-Dabʿa (horey [[Avaris]] iyo, ka dib, [[Pi-Ramesses]]) iyo [[Qantir]] ee bari ee Delta-da Niil, aqoonsi markii ugu horreysay soo jeediyay Labib Habachi ka dibna lagu xaqiijiyay qoditaanno uu sameeyay Manfred Bietak oo ka tirsan [[University of Vienna|Jaamacadda Vienna]], iyo Pelizaeus Museum ee [[Hildesheim]].&lt;ref&gt;PhD, Bryant G. Wood. &quot;New Discoveries at Rameses.&quot; Accessed November 28, 2017. [https://biblearchaeology.org/research/exodus-from-egypt/3824-new-discoveries-at-rameses?highlight=WyJhZ2UiLCJhZ2UnIiwib2YiLCInb2YiLCJvZiciLCJlYXJ0aCIsImVhcnRoJ3MiLCJlYXJ0aCciLCInZWFydGgiLCInZWFydGgnIiwiYWdlIG9mIiwiYWdlIG9mIGVhcnRoIiwib2YgZWFydGgiXQ==]
&lt;/ref&gt;

In kasta oo baaritaannadii hore ay soo saareen haraaga xaddidan ee hubaal loo aanayn karo Qarnigii Sideed iyo Tobnaad, shaqadii dambe waxay soo saartay [[mural|rinjiyeynta derbiga]] oo faahfaahsan laga soo bilaabo xukunkii Tuthmosis III iyo Amenhotep II. Dhismayaashan waxay ka koobnaayeen farshaxanno badan oo [[Minoan]] ah, oo ay ku jiraan mawduucyo la xiriira calaamadda dibiga, oo ah astaanta farshaxanka Minoan. Bietak wuxuu ku dooday in daah-furannadan ay taageerayaan jiritaanka dhismayaal qasriyo ah oo horey u ahaan jiray kuwo qarsoodi ah goobta. Caddayn dheeri ah oo ku saabsan xiriirka caalamiga ah waxaa ka mid ah sawirrada maraakiibta [[Keftiu]] (Minoan ama Aegean), sida lagu qoray [[British Museum|Matxafka Ingiriiska]] Papyrus 10056, taas oo soo jeedinaysa in maraakiibta Aegean ay ku xirteen Peru-nefer.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Bietak, “[https://www.academia.edu/10076889/_Minoan_Presence_in_the_Pharaonic_Naval_Base_of_Peru_nefer_in_O_Krzyszkowska_ed_Cretan_Offerings_Studies_in_Honour_of_Peter_Warren_BSA_Studies_18_London_2010_British_School_at_Athens_11_24 Minoan Presence in the Pharaonic Naval Base of “Peru-nefer]”. Cretan Offerings: Studies in Honour of Peter Warren, BSA Studies 18, London 2010: British School at Athens, 11-24., 2010. &lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palaeogeography|Paleogeographers]] Jean-Phiippe Goiran iyo Hervé Tronchère ayaa sidoo kale soo saaray xarumo militari iyo astaamo dhismeed oo waafaqsan saldhig weyn oo ciidanka badda ah oo lahaa kanaallo iyo laba baasin oo dekad weyn oo awood u leh inay qaadaan boqollaal maraakiib ah intii lagu jiray Qarnigii Sideed iyo Tobnaad. Caddayntu waxay tilmaamaysaa dekadda koowaad oo dhismaheeda la qabtay waqti aad u dambe, xilligii [[Horemheb]]. Dekadda labaad waxay ahayd dhinaca laba qasri oo [[Hyksos]] (Palaces F iyo G) oo daboolaya qiyaastii saddex iyo toban acre, mid ka mid ah kuwan waxay u badan tahay inay ka tirsanayd [[Khyan]], taas oo soo jeedinaysa in qaybo ka mid ah dhismaha ay asal ahaan dib ugu noqonayaan [[Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Qarnigii Shanaad iyo Tobnaad ee Masar]]. Meelayntan oo ku taal marinka Niil ee hore, suurtogal ahaan haro xilliyeed, waxay waafaqsan tahay aayad ku taal [[stela|stela-da]] [[Kamose]] oo ka tirsan [[Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt|Qarnigii Toddoba iyo Tobnaad ee Masar]], taas oo sharraxaysa burburinta maraakiib badan oo ku taal baasin weyn, oo loo malaynayo inay tahay isla dekaddan. Peru-nefer waxay sii waday inay u shaqeyso sidii xarun dekad ah ilaa [[Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Qarnigii Sagaal iyo Tobnaad ee Masar]]. Papyrus Anastasi III wuxuu tixraacayaa goobta, iyo dhoobada iyo haraaga dhismeed ee muddadan ayaa laga helay meel u dhow.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Bietak, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/10074927/_Peru-nefer_The_Principal_New_Kingdom_Naval_Base_Egyptian_Archaeology_34_2009_15-17. Peru-nefer; The Principal New_Kingdom Naval Base]&quot; Egyptian Archaeology 34 (2009), pp.15-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Tajuura</title>
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|official_name = Tajuura
|native_name = {{Small|Tagórri&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|ar|تاجورة}}&lt;br/&gt;Tajuura}}
|settlement_type = Magaalo
|image_skyline = Tagore.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = Dekadda Tajuura ee [[Jabuuti]]
|image_flag = 
|image_seal = 
|image_map = 
|map_caption = 
|pushpin_map = Djibouti#Horn of Africa#Africa
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Jabuuti##Goobta ay ku taal Geeska Afrika##Goobta ay ku taal Afrika
|pushpin_relief = 1
|subdivision_type = Waddan
|subdivision_name = {{DJI}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Jabuuti|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Tajuura|Tajuura]]
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|area_magnitude = 
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_total_km2 = 7.356 
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|area_urban_sq_mi = 
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|area_metro_km2 = 
|area_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_as_of= 2024 Tirakoob 
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =  18,808
|population_urban = 
|population_metro =
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|population_density_km2 =auto
|timezone = 
|utc_offset = 
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|coordinates = {{coord|11|47|N|42|53|E|region:DJ|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m = 4
|elevation_ft = 
|postal_code_type = 
|postal_code = 
|area_code = 
|website = 
|footnotes =
}}
'''Tajuura''' ({{langx|aa|Tagórri}}; {{langx|ar|تاجوراء|Tajūrā’}}; {{langx|so|Tajuura}}) waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu faca weyn [[Jabuuti]] waana xarunta [[Gobolka Tajuura]]. Magaaladu waxay caan ku noqotay horraantii qarnigii 19-aad iyadoo ahayd dekad beddel u ah magaalada [[Saylac]]. Iyadoo ku taal [[Gacanka Tajuura]], waxay hoy u tahay dad lagu qiyaasay 19,000 oo qof.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tadjourah (City, Djibouti) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/djibouti/admin/tadjourah/41__tadjourah/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn dalka ka dib [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Cali Sabiix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=1982 |title=History Of Ethiopian Towns |page=309 |isbn=9783515032049 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tajuura waxay leedahay [[garoon diyaaradeed]] waxaana [[ferry|markab]] loogu kala gooshaa magaalada Jabuuti. Waxa kale oo ay caan ku tahay dhismayaasheeda cad-cad iyo xeebaheeda ku dhow, iyo waliba [[masaajid]]eeda.

==Eraybixin==
Magaca [[Af-Canfar|Canfar]] ee ''Tagórri'' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa magaca ''tágor'' ama ''tógor'', (jamac ''tágar'' oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;weel maqaar riyood ah oo biyo lagu dhaansado&quot;). Magaca ''Tagórri'' si gaar ah wuxuu uga soo jeedaa *''tagór-li'', oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;mid leh weelal maqaar ah oo biyo lagu dhaansado&quot;, taas oo macnaheedu noqonayo &quot;mid biyo badan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Didier Morin, &quot;Tadjoura,&quot; in ''Dictionnaire historique afar (1288-1982)''. France: 2004, p. 250.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikh==
 [[File:Johann Martin Bernatz, Tajura (Tadjoura) landscape with a small town beside the bay in 1841.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Sawirka muuqaalka Tajuura sannadkii 1841 ee uu sawiray [[Johann Martin Bernatz]].]] 
Soo ifbixidda Tajuura waxay dhacday ka dib markii ay kor u kacday Adoimara ama &quot;guriga cad&quot; ee [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] kuwaas oo ku noolaa qaybta koonfureed ee dalka Danakil waxayna xulafo la ahaayeen boqorradii [[Showaa]]. Sannadkii 1810 waxay ka adkaadeen kuwa ay xafiiltamaan, Asa-yamara ama &quot;guriga cas&quot; ee Canfarta, taas oo u furtay waddadii horumarinta dekadda iyo gudaha Itoobiya. Tajuura waxay markaas noqotay kursigii [[Sultan|Suldaan]] Canfar ah oo loo yaqaanay ''Dardar'', kaas oo &quot;sheegtay awoodda dhammaan Canfarta Adoimara ee waqooyiga ilaa xuduudaha [[Showaa|Showa]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo ay run ahayd in qaar ka mid ah qabaa'il-hoosaadka Adoimara ay u wareegeen ilaa xuduudaha [[Ifat (gobol taariikhi ah)|Ifat]], xitaa taageerayaashii ugu adkaa ee Suldaanka waxay isku raaceen in awooddiisa dhabta ah aysan dhaafin [[Harada Assal (Jabuuti)|Harada Assal]], oo u dhow Tajuura.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Mordechai Abir, ''Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769-1855)'' (London: Longmans, 1968), p. 20&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=1982 |title=History Of Ethiopian Towns |page=309 |isbn=9783515032049 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Richard Pankhurst (aqoonyahan)|Richard Pankhurst]] wuxuu xusay inay kaga duwanayd dekadaha deriska ah in ay si ku dhow u maamusho ganacsiga Showaa iyo [[Saldanadda Aussa|Aussa]], &quot;halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd tan [[Harar]] ama [[Ogaadeen]].&quot; Wuxuu soo xigtay sharaxaadda [[William Cornwallis Harris]] ee suuq sannadle ah oo bilaabma Sebtembar kasta, markaas oo &quot;laba bilood xeebta ay ku urursan yihiin [[badeecado]], xaafadahana ay ka buuxaan [[geel]], [[baqal]] iyo [[dameer]].&quot; Pankhurst wuxuu kaloo xigtay [[Charles Tilstone Beke|C.T. Beke]] in ganacsiga dadka ku nool Dooxada Canfarta ay gebi ahaanba gacanta ku hayeen haween, &quot;kuwaas oo raray geela, iibiyay oo iibsaday halka raggu ay gabi ahaanba ka fogaysteen 'si looga fogaado daadinta dhiigga, dalkan oo ah goob joogto ah oo colaado dhexmara qabaa'ilka kala duwan.'&quot;&lt;ref name=Pankhurst-429&gt;Richard K.P. Pankhurst, ''Economic History of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 429.&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo Abir uu xusay in dekadda aan lagu xusin dhammaan agabka ku saabsan Badda Cas ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ama horraantii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, qarnigii 19-aad badhtamihiisii Tajuura waxay ahayd mid barwaaqo ah, &quot;halka dhammaan saldanadaha kale ee Canfarta ee xeebta la tilmaamay ... inay yihiin tuulooyin yaryar oo qudhun ah oo aan lahayn wax siyaasad ama ganacsi ah.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Abir, ''Era of the Princes'', pp. 20f&lt;/ref&gt; Tajuura waxay guushan ku lahayd haysashada [[addoonsi|suuq addoon]] weyn; Pankhurst wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in qiyaas ahaan 6,000 oo [[qof]] sannadkii ay Itoobiya uga baxeen Tajuura iyo [[Saylac]].&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 83.&lt;/ref&gt; Alaabta kale ee muhiimka ah ee lagu iibiyo Tajuura qarnigii 19-aad waxay ahayd [[maroodi-gale]], oo ay keeneen [[Caravan (safarro)|karaafanno]] ka yimid [[Aliyu Amba]].&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt; Alaabta kale ee la dhoofiyo waxaa ka mid ahaa [[sarreen]], [[durra]], [[malab]], [[dahab]], baalasha [[gorayo]], [[senna (geed)|senna]], [[madder]], iyo [[civetone]]. Qiimaha ganacsiga 1880-1 waxaa lagu qiyaasay waqtigaas 29,656 [[rupee]] oo dhoofin ah iyo 18,513 rupees oo soo dejin ah.&lt;ref name=Pankhurst-429/&gt;

===Somaliland Faransiiska===
[[File:Tadjoura in 1887.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Tajuura sannadkii 1887]]
Xiisaha Faransiiska ee xeebta [[Badda Cas]] ee u dhow Tajuura waxay ku bilaabatay sahaminta Rochet d'Hericourt ee [[Showaa, Itoobiya|Showaa]] (1839–42). Sahaminta dheeraadka ah ee [[Henri Lambert (sahamiyaha)|Henri Lambert]], Wakiilka Qunsuliyadda Faransiiska ee [[Cadan]], iyo Kabtan [[Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle|Fleuriot de Langle]] waxay keentay heshiis saaxiibtinimo iyo caawimo oo dhexmara Faransiiska iyo suldaannada Raheita, Tajuura, iyo Gobaad. Ganacsade [[Soomaali]] ah oo xirfad leh Xaaji [[Sharmarke Cali Saalax]] ayaa sidoo kale aruuriyay cashuur dhan 1,200-1,600 [[thaler]] sannadkii dadka deggan Tajuura, taas oo u dhiganta lacag aad u badan oo casri ah waxaana la eryay ka dib markii la dilay deggenaha Faransiiska Lambert.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Outre-MersRevue d'histoire|pages=87–113|year=1992|volume=294|issue=La côte africaine du golfe d'Aden au milieu du XIXe siècle|first=Roger|last=Joint-Daguenet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiisaha Faransiiska ee sii kordhaya ee aagga ayaa dhacay iyadoo ay jirto firfircooni British ah oo ka socota [[Masar]] iyo furitaanka [[Kanaalka Suez]] sannadkii 1869. Intii u dhaxaysay 1883 iyo 1887, [[Faransiiska]] waxay saxiixeen heshiisyo kala duwan oo lala galay [[Reer Soomaali|Soomaalida]] iyo [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] [[Suldaan|Saldanadaha]] markaas talinayay, taas oo u oggolaatay inay ballaariyaan [[protectorate|xukunka]] si loogu daro [[Gacanka Tajuura]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Uwechue&quot;&gt;Raph Uwechue, ''Africa year book and who's who'', (Africa Journal Ltd.: 1977), p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Léonce Lagarde]] ayaa markii dambe loo magacaabay guddoomiyaha xukunka. Sannadkii 1894, wuxuu aasaasay maamul Faransiis ah oo joogto ah oo ku yaal [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|magaalada Jabuuti]] wuxuuna u bixiyay gobolka ''Côte française des Somalis'' ([[Somaliland Faransiiska]]). [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|Ganacsiga addoonta]] waxaa lagu baabi'iyay digreeto 26 Oktoobar 1889;&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 103.&lt;/ref&gt; si kastaba ha ahaatee, Noel-Buxton ayaa ku warramay in Tajuura ay weli tahay xarun ganacsi addoon, laakiin &quot;ku kooban shixnado yaryar inkastoo ay soo noqnoqdaan.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 123.&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo intii lagu jiray 1880-meeyadii dekaddu ay u adeegtay sidii barta qaybinta qoryaha iyo rasaasta ee Showaa iyo Itoobiya (intii lagu jiray muddadan, [[Arthur Rimbaud]] wuxuu ku noolaa magaalada), muhiimadda Tajuura ayaa si lama huraan ah hoos ugu dhacday dhismaha [[Waddooyinka Tareenka ee Itoobiya-Jabuuti]], kuwaas oo ku xiray [[Jabuuti]] [[dhulka gudaha]]. [[Waddada tareenka]] waxay bilowday inay siddo gaadiid 22 Luulyo 1901, waxaana loo kordhiyay [[Dire Dawa]] 17 bilood ka dib, ugu dambayntiina [[Addis Ababa]] 3 Disembar 1929.&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, pp. 304-334.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Jabuuti===
[[File:Tadjoura in 1971.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Tajuura sannadkii 1971]]
Dawladda Jabuuti waxay aasaastay barnaamijyo kala duwan oo [[dadweyne]] oo ballaaran si ay u dayactirto magaalada. Dekadda Tajuura ayaa la casriyeeyay sannadkii 2000, iyadoo ku kacday US $1.64 milyan. Shaqada waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay qayb ka tahay dadaalka dawladda si ay uga caawiso horumarinta [[dhaqaalaha]] degmooyinka [[Gobolka Tajuura|Tajuura]], [[Obokh]], [[Cali Sabiix]] iyo [[Dikhil]]. Dekadda cusub ee Tajuura ayaa loo dhisay si ay diiradda u saarto [[xamuul]] guud, sida [[xoolaha]], [[sisinta]], [[fooxa]], [[bacriminta]] iyo [[hadhuudhka]], iyadoo ku kacday US $90 milyan. Markii hore dekadda waxaa loo horumariyay ujeedada ah in lagu qaado inta badan [[potash]] ka imanaya [[Gobolka Canfar]] ee [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo macdanta aan weli la horumarin. Taas ka sokow dekaddu waxay leedahay awood ay ugu adeegto waqooyiga [[Jabuuti]] iyo inay u noqoto marinka ugu dhow ee gobollada [[Gobolka Canfar|Canfar]] iyo [[Gobolka Tigray|Tigray]] ee Itoobiya. Marka la barbardhigo waddadii dhaqameedka ahayd ee ka imanaysay dekadaha Jabuuti iyada oo loo marayo [[Galafi]], waddada cusub ee [[National Highway 11|(RN-11)]] ee ka timaadda Tajuura ilaa [[Balho]] waxay si weyn u yaraynaysaa saacadda wadista.

==Cimilada==
[[File:Tadjoura beach at sunset.jpg|thumb|250px|Xeebta Tajuura wakhtiga qorrax dhaca.]]

Iyadoo leh cimilo engegan, magaaladu waxay aragtaa celcelis ahaan 186&amp;nbsp;mm (7.31&amp;nbsp;in) oo [[roob]] ah sannadkii. Celceliska [[heerkulka]] wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|26|C|F}} jiilaalka ilaa {{convert|36|C|F}} xagaaga.

{{Weather box|location = Tajuura
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour=
|Jan high C = 29.0
|Feb high C = 29.2
|Mar high C = 31.1
|Apr high C = 33.1
|May high C = 36.0
|Jun high C = 39.7
|Jul high C = 41.7
|Aug high C = 40.6
|Sep high C = 37.6
|Oct high C = 34.0
|Nov high C = 31.3
|Dec high C = 29.7
|Jan mean C = 25.6
|Feb mean C = 26.3
|Mar mean C = 27.9
|Apr mean C = 29.7
|May mean C = 32.4
|Jun mean C = 35.7
|Jul mean C = 36.4
|Aug mean C = 35.6
|Sep mean C = 34.2
|Oct mean C = 30.3
|Nov mean C = 27.8
|Dec mean C = 26.2
|Jan low C = 22.2
|Feb low C = 23.3
|Mar low C = 24.6
|Apr low C = 26.2
|May low C = 28.7
|Jun low C = 31.7
|Jul low C = 31.1
|Aug low C = 30.5
|Sep low C = 30.7
|Oct low C = 26.5
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 22.7
|rain colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 13
|Feb precipitation mm = 10
|Mar precipitation mm = 17
|Apr precipitation mm = 14
|May precipitation mm = 9
|Jun precipitation mm = 2
|Jul precipitation mm = 2
|Aug precipitation mm = 27
|Sep precipitation mm = 12
|Oct precipitation mm = 18
|Nov precipitation mm = 35
|Dec precipitation mm = 27
|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: 12m&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate-Data.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Climate: Tadjoura - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/31637/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=25 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2= ''Levoyageur''&lt;ref name=&quot;Levoyageur&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=DJIBOUTI - TADJOURAH : Climate, weather, temperatures|url=http://www.levoyageur.net/weather-city-TADJOURAH.html|publisher=Levoyageur|accessdate=25 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Gaadiidka==
===Gaadiidka badda===
Laga soo bilaabo [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] ilaa Tajuura, waxay qaadataa laba saacadood iyo bar oo raacid ah.

===Gaadiidka dhulka===
Masaafada u dhaxaysa Jabuuti waa 130&amp;nbsp;km.

===Gaadiidka hawada===
Gaadiidka hawada, Tajuura waxaa u adeega [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Tajuura]]. [[File:Tadjoura Airport.jpg|thumb|right|Muuqaalka hawada ee marinka caga-dhigashada ee [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Tajuura]].]] Waxay qaadataa 30 daqiiqo in laga safro magaalada Jabuuti ilaa Tajuura.

==Suldaannada==
Waa kuwan liiska [[Suldaan|suldaannada]] Tajuura:&lt;ref name=&quot;Wsdjib&quot;&gt;[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Djibouti.html Worldstatesmen - DJibouti]&lt;/ref&gt;

*1620 Burhan bin Muhammad
*1630 Dini bin Muhammad
*1655 Kamil bin Burhan
*1655 Hamad bin Dini (ama Muhammad bin Dini)
*1680 Musa bin Kamil
*1680 Dini bin Hamad (ama Nasser bin Hamad)
*1705 Hamad bin Musa
*1705 Muhammad bin Dini
*1740 Muhammad bin Hamad
*1770 Hamad bin Naser
*1770 Hummad bin Muhammad
*1800-1820 Mandaytu bin Hamad
*1821-1859 Ad'allom Muhammad bin Hummad
*1860-9 Mar 1862 Muhammad bin Mandaytu
*1863-1879 Hummad bin Ad'allom Muhammad
*1880-24 Aug 1912 Hummad bin Muhammad
*2 Dec 1913-6 Aug 1927 Muhammad bin Arbahim
*Dec 1928-21 Apr 1962 Hummad bin Muhammad bin Arbahim
*18 May 1964 – 1984 Habib bin Hummad bin Muhammad
*1985 - 17 May 2019 Abd'ul Kadir bin Hummad bin Muhammad bin Arbahim

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Dileita Mohamed Dileita]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Jabuuti

==Qoraallo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://itouchmap.com/?c=dj&amp;UF=-2037463&amp;UN=-2829571&amp;DG=PPLA iTouchMap]

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|official_name = Tajuura
|native_name = {{Small|Tagórri&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|ar|تاجورة}}&lt;br/&gt;Tajuura}}
|settlement_type = Magaalo
|image_skyline = Tagore.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = Dekadda Tajuura ee [[Jabuuti]]
|image_flag = 
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|pushpin_map = Djibouti
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Jabuuti
|pushpin_relief = 1
|subdivision_type = Waddan
|subdivision_name = {{DJI}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Jabuuti|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Tajuura|Tajuura]]
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'''Tajuura''' ({{langx|aa|Tagórri}}; {{langx|ar|تاجوراء|Tajūrā’}}; {{langx|so|Tajuura}}) waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu faca weyn [[Jabuuti]] waana xarunta [[Gobolka Tajuura]]. Magaaladu waxay caan ku noqotay horraantii qarnigii 19-aad iyadoo ahayd dekad beddel u ah magaalada [[Saylac]]. Iyadoo ku taal [[Gacanka Tajuura]], waxay hoy u tahay dad lagu qiyaasay 19,000 oo qof.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tadjourah (City, Djibouti) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/djibouti/admin/tadjourah/41__tadjourah/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn dalka ka dib [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Cali Sabiix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=1982 |title=History Of Ethiopian Towns |page=309 |isbn=9783515032049 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tajuura waxay leedahay [[garoon diyaaradeed]] waxaana [[ferry|markab]] loogu kala gooshaa magaalada Jabuuti. Waxa kale oo ay caan ku tahay dhismayaasheeda cad-cad iyo xeebaheeda ku dhow, iyo waliba [[masaajid]]eeda.

==Eraybixin==
Magaca [[Af-Canfar|Canfar]] ee ''Tagórri'' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa magaca ''tágor'' ama ''tógor'', (jamac ''tágar'' oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;weel maqaar riyood ah oo biyo lagu dhaansado&quot;). Magaca ''Tagórri'' si gaar ah wuxuu uga soo jeedaa *''tagór-li'', oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;mid leh weelal maqaar ah oo biyo lagu dhaansado&quot;, taas oo macnaheedu noqonayo &quot;mid biyo badan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Didier Morin, &quot;Tadjoura,&quot; in ''Dictionnaire historique afar (1288-1982)''. France: 2004, p. 250.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikh==
 [[File:Johann Martin Bernatz, Tajura (Tadjoura) landscape with a small town beside the bay in 1841.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Sawirka muuqaalka Tajuura sannadkii 1841 ee uu sawiray [[Johann Martin Bernatz]].]] 
Soo ifbixidda Tajuura waxay dhacday ka dib markii ay kor u kacday Adoimara ama &quot;guriga cad&quot; ee [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] kuwaas oo ku noolaa qaybta koonfureed ee dalka Danakil waxayna xulafo la ahaayeen boqorradii [[Showaa]]. Sannadkii 1810 waxay ka adkaadeen kuwa ay xafiiltamaan, Asa-yamara ama &quot;guriga cas&quot; ee Canfarta, taas oo u furtay waddadii horumarinta dekadda iyo gudaha Itoobiya. Tajuura waxay markaas noqotay kursigii [[Sultan|Suldaan]] Canfar ah oo loo yaqaanay ''Dardar'', kaas oo &quot;sheegtay awoodda dhammaan Canfarta Adoimara ee waqooyiga ilaa xuduudaha [[Showaa|Showa]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo ay run ahayd in qaar ka mid ah qabaa'il-hoosaadka Adoimara ay u wareegeen ilaa xuduudaha [[Ifat (gobol taariikhi ah)|Ifat]], xitaa taageerayaashii ugu adkaa ee Suldaanka waxay isku raaceen in awooddiisa dhabta ah aysan dhaafin [[Harada Assal (Jabuuti)|Harada Assal]], oo u dhow Tajuura.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Mordechai Abir, ''Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769-1855)'' (London: Longmans, 1968), p. 20&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=1982 |title=History Of Ethiopian Towns |page=309 |isbn=9783515032049 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Richard Pankhurst (aqoonyahan)|Richard Pankhurst]] wuxuu xusay inay kaga duwanayd dekadaha deriska ah in ay si ku dhow u maamusho ganacsiga Showaa iyo [[Saldanadda Aussa|Aussa]], &quot;halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd tan [[Harar]] ama [[Ogaadeen]].&quot; Wuxuu soo xigtay sharaxaadda [[William Cornwallis Harris]] ee suuq sannadle ah oo bilaabma Sebtembar kasta, markaas oo &quot;laba bilood xeebta ay ku urursan yihiin [[badeecado]], xaafadahana ay ka buuxaan [[geel]], [[baqal]] iyo [[dameer]].&quot; Pankhurst wuxuu kaloo xigtay [[Charles Tilstone Beke|C.T. Beke]] in ganacsiga dadka ku nool Dooxada Canfarta ay gebi ahaanba gacanta ku hayeen haween, &quot;kuwaas oo raray geela, iibiyay oo iibsaday halka raggu ay gabi ahaanba ka fogaysteen 'si looga fogaado daadinta dhiigga, dalkan oo ah goob joogto ah oo colaado dhexmara qabaa'ilka kala duwan.'&quot;&lt;ref name=Pankhurst-429&gt;Richard K.P. Pankhurst, ''Economic History of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 429.&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo Abir uu xusay in dekadda aan lagu xusin dhammaan agabka ku saabsan Badda Cas ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ama horraantii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, qarnigii 19-aad badhtamihiisii Tajuura waxay ahayd mid barwaaqo ah, &quot;halka dhammaan saldanadaha kale ee Canfarta ee xeebta la tilmaamay ... inay yihiin tuulooyin yaryar oo qudhun ah oo aan lahayn wax siyaasad ama ganacsi ah.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Abir, ''Era of the Princes'', pp. 20f&lt;/ref&gt; Tajuura waxay guushan ku lahayd haysashada [[addoonsi|suuq addoon]] weyn; Pankhurst wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in qiyaas ahaan 6,000 oo [[qof]] sannadkii ay Itoobiya uga baxeen Tajuura iyo [[Saylac]].&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 83.&lt;/ref&gt; Alaabta kale ee muhiimka ah ee lagu iibiyo Tajuura qarnigii 19-aad waxay ahayd [[maroodi-gale]], oo ay keeneen [[Caravan (safarro)|karaafanno]] ka yimid [[Aliyu Amba]].&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt; Alaabta kale ee la dhoofiyo waxaa ka mid ahaa [[sarreen]], [[durra]], [[malab]], [[dahab]], baalasha [[gorayo]], [[senna (geed)|senna]], [[madder]], iyo [[civetone]]. Qiimaha ganacsiga 1880-1 waxaa lagu qiyaasay waqtigaas 29,656 [[rupee]] oo dhoofin ah iyo 18,513 rupees oo soo dejin ah.&lt;ref name=Pankhurst-429/&gt;

===Somaliland Faransiiska===
[[File:Tadjoura in 1887.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Tajuura sannadkii 1887]]
Xiisaha Faransiiska ee xeebta [[Badda Cas]] ee u dhow Tajuura waxay ku bilaabatay sahaminta Rochet d'Hericourt ee [[Showaa, Itoobiya|Showaa]] (1839–42). Sahaminta dheeraadka ah ee [[Henri Lambert (sahamiyaha)|Henri Lambert]], Wakiilka Qunsuliyadda Faransiiska ee [[Cadan]], iyo Kabtan [[Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle|Fleuriot de Langle]] waxay keentay heshiis saaxiibtinimo iyo caawimo oo dhexmara Faransiiska iyo suldaannada Raheita, Tajuura, iyo Gobaad. Ganacsade [[Soomaali]] ah oo xirfad leh Xaaji [[Sharmarke Cali Saalax]] ayaa sidoo kale aruuriyay cashuur dhan 1,200-1,600 [[thaler]] sannadkii dadka deggan Tajuura, taas oo u dhiganta lacag aad u badan oo casri ah waxaana la eryay ka dib markii la dilay deggenaha Faransiiska Lambert.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Outre-MersRevue d'histoire|pages=87–113|year=1992|volume=294|issue=La côte africaine du golfe d'Aden au milieu du XIXe siècle|first=Roger|last=Joint-Daguenet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiisaha Faransiiska ee sii kordhaya ee aagga ayaa dhacay iyadoo ay jirto firfircooni British ah oo ka socota [[Masar]] iyo furitaanka [[Kanaalka Suez]] sannadkii 1869. Intii u dhaxaysay 1883 iyo 1887, [[Faransiiska]] waxay saxiixeen heshiisyo kala duwan oo lala galay [[Reer Soomaali|Soomaalida]] iyo [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] [[Suldaan|Saldanadaha]] markaas talinayay, taas oo u oggolaatay inay ballaariyaan [[protectorate|xukunka]] si loogu daro [[Gacanka Tajuura]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Uwechue&quot;&gt;Raph Uwechue, ''Africa year book and who's who'', (Africa Journal Ltd.: 1977), p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Léonce Lagarde]] ayaa markii dambe loo magacaabay guddoomiyaha xukunka. Sannadkii 1894, wuxuu aasaasay maamul Faransiis ah oo joogto ah oo ku yaal [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|magaalada Jabuuti]] wuxuuna u bixiyay gobolka ''Côte française des Somalis'' ([[Somaliland Faransiiska]]). [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|Ganacsiga addoonta]] waxaa lagu baabi'iyay digreeto 26 Oktoobar 1889;&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 103.&lt;/ref&gt; si kastaba ha ahaatee, Noel-Buxton ayaa ku warramay in Tajuura ay weli tahay xarun ganacsi addoon, laakiin &quot;ku kooban shixnado yaryar inkastoo ay soo noqnoqdaan.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 123.&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo intii lagu jiray 1880-meeyadii dekaddu ay u adeegtay sidii barta qaybinta qoryaha iyo rasaasta ee Showaa iyo Itoobiya (intii lagu jiray muddadan, [[Arthur Rimbaud]] wuxuu ku noolaa magaalada), muhiimadda Tajuura ayaa si lama huraan ah hoos ugu dhacday dhismaha [[Waddooyinka Tareenka ee Itoobiya-Jabuuti]], kuwaas oo ku xiray [[Jabuuti]] [[dhulka gudaha]]. [[Waddada tareenka]] waxay bilowday inay siddo gaadiid 22 Luulyo 1901, waxaana loo kordhiyay [[Dire Dawa]] 17 bilood ka dib, ugu dambayntiina [[Addis Ababa]] 3 Disembar 1929.&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, pp. 304-334.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Jabuuti===
[[File:Tadjoura in 1971.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Tajuura sannadkii 1971]]
Dawladda Jabuuti waxay aasaastay barnaamijyo kala duwan oo [[dadweyne]] oo ballaaran si ay u dayactirto magaalada. Dekadda Tajuura ayaa la casriyeeyay sannadkii 2000, iyadoo ku kacday US $1.64 milyan. Shaqada waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay qayb ka tahay dadaalka dawladda si ay uga caawiso horumarinta [[dhaqaalaha]] degmooyinka [[Gobolka Tajuura|Tajuura]], [[Obokh]], [[Cali Sabiix]] iyo [[Dikhil]]. Dekadda cusub ee Tajuura ayaa loo dhisay si ay diiradda u saarto [[xamuul]] guud, sida [[xoolaha]], [[sisinta]], [[fooxa]], [[bacriminta]] iyo [[hadhuudhka]], iyadoo ku kacday US $90 milyan. Markii hore dekadda waxaa loo horumariyay ujeedada ah in lagu qaado inta badan [[potash]] ka imanaya [[Gobolka Canfar]] ee [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo macdanta aan weli la horumarin. Taas ka sokow dekaddu waxay leedahay awood ay ugu adeegto waqooyiga [[Jabuuti]] iyo inay u noqoto marinka ugu dhow ee gobollada [[Gobolka Canfar|Canfar]] iyo [[Gobolka Tigray|Tigray]] ee Itoobiya. Marka la barbardhigo waddadii dhaqameedka ahayd ee ka imanaysay dekadaha Jabuuti iyada oo loo marayo [[Galafi]], waddada cusub ee [[National Highway 11|(RN-11)]] ee ka timaadda Tajuura ilaa [[Balho]] waxay si weyn u yaraynaysaa saacadda wadista.

==Cimilada==
[[File:Tadjoura beach at sunset.jpg|thumb|250px|Xeebta Tajuura wakhtiga qorrax dhaca.]]

Iyadoo leh cimilo engegan, magaaladu waxay aragtaa celcelis ahaan 186&amp;nbsp;mm (7.31&amp;nbsp;in) oo [[roob]] ah sannadkii. Celceliska [[heerkulka]] wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|26|C|F}} jiilaalka ilaa {{convert|36|C|F}} xagaaga.

{{Weather box|location = Tajuura
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour=
|Jan high C = 29.0
|Feb high C = 29.2
|Mar high C = 31.1
|Apr high C = 33.1
|May high C = 36.0
|Jun high C = 39.7
|Jul high C = 41.7
|Aug high C = 40.6
|Sep high C = 37.6
|Oct high C = 34.0
|Nov high C = 31.3
|Dec high C = 29.7
|Jan mean C = 25.6
|Feb mean C = 26.3
|Mar mean C = 27.9
|Apr mean C = 29.7
|May mean C = 32.4
|Jun mean C = 35.7
|Jul mean C = 36.4
|Aug mean C = 35.6
|Sep mean C = 34.2
|Oct mean C = 30.3
|Nov mean C = 27.8
|Dec mean C = 26.2
|Jan low C = 22.2
|Feb low C = 23.3
|Mar low C = 24.6
|Apr low C = 26.2
|May low C = 28.7
|Jun low C = 31.7
|Jul low C = 31.1
|Aug low C = 30.5
|Sep low C = 30.7
|Oct low C = 26.5
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 22.7
|rain colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 13
|Feb precipitation mm = 10
|Mar precipitation mm = 17
|Apr precipitation mm = 14
|May precipitation mm = 9
|Jun precipitation mm = 2
|Jul precipitation mm = 2
|Aug precipitation mm = 27
|Sep precipitation mm = 12
|Oct precipitation mm = 18
|Nov precipitation mm = 35
|Dec precipitation mm = 27
|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: 12m&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate-Data.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Climate: Tadjoura - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/31637/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=25 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2= ''Levoyageur''&lt;ref name=&quot;Levoyageur&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=DJIBOUTI - TADJOURAH : Climate, weather, temperatures|url=http://www.levoyageur.net/weather-city-TADJOURAH.html|publisher=Levoyageur|accessdate=25 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Gaadiidka==
===Gaadiidka badda===
Laga soo bilaabo [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] ilaa Tajuura, waxay qaadataa laba saacadood iyo bar oo raacid ah.

===Gaadiidka dhulka===
Masaafada u dhaxaysa Jabuuti waa 130&amp;nbsp;km.

===Gaadiidka hawada===
Gaadiidka hawada, Tajuura waxaa u adeega [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Tajuura]]. [[File:Tadjoura Airport.jpg|thumb|right|Muuqaalka hawada ee marinka caga-dhigashada ee [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Tajuura]].]] Waxay qaadataa 30 daqiiqo in laga safro magaalada Jabuuti ilaa Tajuura.

==Suldaannada==
Waa kuwan liiska [[Suldaan|suldaannada]] Tajuura:&lt;ref name=&quot;Wsdjib&quot;&gt;[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Djibouti.html Worldstatesmen - DJibouti]&lt;/ref&gt;

*1620 Burhan bin Muhammad
*1630 Dini bin Muhammad
*1655 Kamil bin Burhan
*1655 Hamad bin Dini (ama Muhammad bin Dini)
*1680 Musa bin Kamil
*1680 Dini bin Hamad (ama Nasser bin Hamad)
*1705 Hamad bin Musa
*1705 Muhammad bin Dini
*1740 Muhammad bin Hamad
*1770 Hamad bin Naser
*1770 Hummad bin Muhammad
*1800-1820 Mandaytu bin Hamad
*1821-1859 Ad'allom Muhammad bin Hummad
*1860-9 Mar 1862 Muhammad bin Mandaytu
*1863-1879 Hummad bin Ad'allom Muhammad
*1880-24 Aug 1912 Hummad bin Muhammad
*2 Dec 1913-6 Aug 1927 Muhammad bin Arbahim
*Dec 1928-21 Apr 1962 Hummad bin Muhammad bin Arbahim
*18 May 1964 – 1984 Habib bin Hummad bin Muhammad
*1985 - 17 May 2019 Abd'ul Kadir bin Hummad bin Muhammad bin Arbahim

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Dileita Mohamed Dileita]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Jabuuti

==Qoraallo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://itouchmap.com/?c=dj&amp;UF=-2037463&amp;UN=-2829571&amp;DG=PPLA iTouchMap]

{{coord|11|47|N|42|53|E|region:DJ_type:city|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Tadjoura]] ilaa [[Tajuura]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="14170" sha1="7xh782npz8icx2y6bq2k4a1ge1b5a5a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Tajuura
|native_name = {{Small|Tagórri&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|ar|تاجورة}}&lt;br/&gt;Tajuura}}
|settlement_type = Magaalo
|image_skyline = Tagore.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = Dekadda Tajuura ee [[Jabuuti]]
|image_flag = 
|image_seal = 
|image_map = 
|map_caption = 
|pushpin_map = Djibouti
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Jabuuti
|pushpin_relief = 1
|subdivision_type = Waddan
|subdivision_name = {{DJI}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Jabuuti|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Tajuura|Tajuura]]
|subdivision_type2 = 
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|established_title = 
|established_date =
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|area_magnitude = 
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_total_km2 = 7.356 
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|population_as_of= 2024 Tirakoob 
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =  18,808
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|population_density_sq_mi = 
|population_density_km2 =auto
|timezone = 
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|coordinates = {{coord|11|47|N|42|53|E|region:DJ|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m = 4
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}}
'''Tajuura''' ({{langx|aa|Tagórri}}; {{langx|ar|تاجوراء|Tajūrā’}}; {{langx|so|Tajuura}}) waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu faca weyn [[Jabuuti]] waana xarunta [[Gobolka Tajuura]]. Magaaladu waxay caan ku noqotay horraantii qarnigii 19-aad iyadoo ahayd dekad beddel u ah magaalada [[Saylac]]. Iyadoo ku taal [[Gacanka Tajuura]], waxay hoy u tahay dad lagu qiyaasay 19,000 oo qof.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tadjourah (City, Djibouti) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/djibouti/admin/tadjourah/41__tadjourah/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn dalka ka dib [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Cali Sabiix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=1982 |title=History Of Ethiopian Towns |page=309 |isbn=9783515032049 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tajuura waxay leedahay [[garoon diyaaradeed]] waxaana [[ferry|markab]] loogu kala gooshaa magaalada Jabuuti. Waxa kale oo ay caan ku tahay dhismayaasheeda cad-cad iyo xeebaheeda ku dhow, iyo waliba [[masaajid]]eeda.

==Eraybixin==
Magaca [[Af-Canfar|Canfar]] ee ''Tagórri'' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa magaca ''tágor'' ama ''tógor'', (jamac ''tágar'' oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;weel maqaar riyood ah oo biyo lagu dhaansado&quot;). Magaca ''Tagórri'' si gaar ah wuxuu uga soo jeedaa *''tagór-li'', oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;mid leh weelal maqaar ah oo biyo lagu dhaansado&quot;, taas oo macnaheedu noqonayo &quot;mid biyo badan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Didier Morin, &quot;Tadjoura,&quot; in ''Dictionnaire historique afar (1288-1982)''. France: 2004, p. 250.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikh==
 [[File:Johann Martin Bernatz, Tajura (Tadjoura) landscape with a small town beside the bay in 1841.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Sawirka muuqaalka Tajuura sannadkii 1841 ee uu sawiray [[Johann Martin Bernatz]].]] 
Soo ifbixidda Tajuura waxay dhacday ka dib markii ay kor u kacday Adoimara ama &quot;guriga cad&quot; ee [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] kuwaas oo ku noolaa qaybta koonfureed ee dalka Danakil waxayna xulafo la ahaayeen boqorradii [[Showaa]]. Sannadkii 1810 waxay ka adkaadeen kuwa ay xafiiltamaan, Asa-yamara ama &quot;guriga cas&quot; ee Canfarta, taas oo u furtay waddadii horumarinta dekadda iyo gudaha Itoobiya. Tajuura waxay markaas noqotay kursigii [[Sultan|Suldaan]] Canfar ah oo loo yaqaanay ''Dardar'', kaas oo &quot;sheegtay awoodda dhammaan Canfarta Adoimara ee waqooyiga ilaa xuduudaha [[Showaa|Showa]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo ay run ahayd in qaar ka mid ah qabaa'il-hoosaadka Adoimara ay u wareegeen ilaa xuduudaha [[Ifat (gobol taariikhi ah)|Ifat]], xitaa taageerayaashii ugu adkaa ee Suldaanka waxay isku raaceen in awooddiisa dhabta ah aysan dhaafin [[Harada Assal (Jabuuti)|Harada Assal]], oo u dhow Tajuura.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Mordechai Abir, ''Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769-1855)'' (London: Longmans, 1968), p. 20&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=1982 |title=History Of Ethiopian Towns |page=309 |isbn=9783515032049 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Richard Pankhurst (aqoonyahan)|Richard Pankhurst]] wuxuu xusay inay kaga duwanayd dekadaha deriska ah in ay si ku dhow u maamusho ganacsiga Showaa iyo [[Saldanadda Aussa|Aussa]], &quot;halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd tan [[Harar]] ama [[Ogaadeen]].&quot; Wuxuu soo xigtay sharaxaadda [[William Cornwallis Harris]] ee suuq sannadle ah oo bilaabma Sebtembar kasta, markaas oo &quot;laba bilood xeebta ay ku urursan yihiin [[badeecado]], xaafadahana ay ka buuxaan [[geel]], [[baqal]] iyo [[dameer]].&quot; Pankhurst wuxuu kaloo xigtay [[Charles Tilstone Beke|C.T. Beke]] in ganacsiga dadka ku nool Dooxada Canfarta ay gebi ahaanba gacanta ku hayeen haween, &quot;kuwaas oo raray geela, iibiyay oo iibsaday halka raggu ay gabi ahaanba ka fogaysteen 'si looga fogaado daadinta dhiigga, dalkan oo ah goob joogto ah oo colaado dhexmara qabaa'ilka kala duwan.'&quot;&lt;ref name=Pankhurst-429&gt;Richard K.P. Pankhurst, ''Economic History of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 429.&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo Abir uu xusay in dekadda aan lagu xusin dhammaan agabka ku saabsan Badda Cas ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ama horraantii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, qarnigii 19-aad badhtamihiisii Tajuura waxay ahayd mid barwaaqo ah, &quot;halka dhammaan saldanadaha kale ee Canfarta ee xeebta la tilmaamay ... inay yihiin tuulooyin yaryar oo qudhun ah oo aan lahayn wax siyaasad ama ganacsi ah.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Abir, ''Era of the Princes'', pp. 20f&lt;/ref&gt; Tajuura waxay guushan ku lahayd haysashada [[addoonsi|suuq addoon]] weyn; Pankhurst wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in qiyaas ahaan 6,000 oo [[qof]] sannadkii ay Itoobiya uga baxeen Tajuura iyo [[Saylac]].&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 83.&lt;/ref&gt; Alaabta kale ee muhiimka ah ee lagu iibiyo Tajuura qarnigii 19-aad waxay ahayd [[maroodi-gale]], oo ay keeneen [[Caravan (safarro)|karaafanno]] ka yimid [[Aliyu Amba]].&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 249.&lt;/ref&gt; Alaabta kale ee la dhoofiyo waxaa ka mid ahaa [[sarreen]], [[durra]], [[malab]], [[dahab]], baalasha [[gorayo]], [[senna (geed)|senna]], [[madder]], iyo [[civetone]]. Qiimaha ganacsiga 1880-1 waxaa lagu qiyaasay waqtigaas 29,656 [[rupee]] oo dhoofin ah iyo 18,513 rupees oo soo dejin ah.&lt;ref name=Pankhurst-429/&gt;

===Somaliland Faransiiska===
[[File:Tadjoura in 1887.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Tajuura sannadkii 1887]]
Xiisaha Faransiiska ee xeebta [[Badda Cas]] ee u dhow Tajuura waxay ku bilaabatay sahaminta Rochet d'Hericourt ee [[Showaa, Itoobiya|Showaa]] (1839–42). Sahaminta dheeraadka ah ee [[Henri Lambert (sahamiyaha)|Henri Lambert]], Wakiilka Qunsuliyadda Faransiiska ee [[Cadan]], iyo Kabtan [[Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle|Fleuriot de Langle]] waxay keentay heshiis saaxiibtinimo iyo caawimo oo dhexmara Faransiiska iyo suldaannada Raheita, Tajuura, iyo Gobaad. Ganacsade [[Soomaali]] ah oo xirfad leh Xaaji [[Sharmarke Cali Saalax]] ayaa sidoo kale aruuriyay cashuur dhan 1,200-1,600 [[thaler]] sannadkii dadka deggan Tajuura, taas oo u dhiganta lacag aad u badan oo casri ah waxaana la eryay ka dib markii la dilay deggenaha Faransiiska Lambert.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Outre-MersRevue d'histoire|pages=87–113|year=1992|volume=294|issue=La côte africaine du golfe d'Aden au milieu du XIXe siècle|first=Roger|last=Joint-Daguenet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiisaha Faransiiska ee sii kordhaya ee aagga ayaa dhacay iyadoo ay jirto firfircooni British ah oo ka socota [[Masar]] iyo furitaanka [[Kanaalka Suez]] sannadkii 1869. Intii u dhaxaysay 1883 iyo 1887, [[Faransiiska]] waxay saxiixeen heshiisyo kala duwan oo lala galay [[Reer Soomaali|Soomaalida]] iyo [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] [[Suldaan|Saldanadaha]] markaas talinayay, taas oo u oggolaatay inay ballaariyaan [[protectorate|xukunka]] si loogu daro [[Gacanka Tajuura]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Uwechue&quot;&gt;Raph Uwechue, ''Africa year book and who's who'', (Africa Journal Ltd.: 1977), p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Léonce Lagarde]] ayaa markii dambe loo magacaabay guddoomiyaha xukunka. Sannadkii 1894, wuxuu aasaasay maamul Faransiis ah oo joogto ah oo ku yaal [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|magaalada Jabuuti]] wuxuuna u bixiyay gobolka ''Côte française des Somalis'' ([[Somaliland Faransiiska]]). [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|Ganacsiga addoonta]] waxaa lagu baabi'iyay digreeto 26 Oktoobar 1889;&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 103.&lt;/ref&gt; si kastaba ha ahaatee, Noel-Buxton ayaa ku warramay in Tajuura ay weli tahay xarun ganacsi addoon, laakiin &quot;ku kooban shixnado yaryar inkastoo ay soo noqnoqdaan.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, p. 123.&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo intii lagu jiray 1880-meeyadii dekaddu ay u adeegtay sidii barta qaybinta qoryaha iyo rasaasta ee Showaa iyo Itoobiya (intii lagu jiray muddadan, [[Arthur Rimbaud]] wuxuu ku noolaa magaalada), muhiimadda Tajuura ayaa si lama huraan ah hoos ugu dhacday dhismaha [[Waddooyinka Tareenka ee Itoobiya-Jabuuti]], kuwaas oo ku xiray [[Jabuuti]] [[dhulka gudaha]]. [[Waddada tareenka]] waxay bilowday inay siddo gaadiid 22 Luulyo 1901, waxaana loo kordhiyay [[Dire Dawa]] 17 bilood ka dib, ugu dambayntiina [[Addis Ababa]] 3 Disembar 1929.&lt;ref&gt;Pankhurst, pp. 304-334.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Jabuuti===
[[File:Tadjoura in 1971.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Tajuura sannadkii 1971]]
Dawladda Jabuuti waxay aasaastay barnaamijyo kala duwan oo [[dadweyne]] oo ballaaran si ay u dayactirto magaalada. Dekadda Tajuura ayaa la casriyeeyay sannadkii 2000, iyadoo ku kacday US $1.64 milyan. Shaqada waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay qayb ka tahay dadaalka dawladda si ay uga caawiso horumarinta [[dhaqaalaha]] degmooyinka [[Gobolka Tajuura|Tajuura]], [[Obokh]], [[Cali Sabiix]] iyo [[Dikhil]]. Dekadda cusub ee Tajuura ayaa loo dhisay si ay diiradda u saarto [[xamuul]] guud, sida [[xoolaha]], [[sisinta]], [[fooxa]], [[bacriminta]] iyo [[hadhuudhka]], iyadoo ku kacday US $90 milyan. Markii hore dekadda waxaa loo horumariyay ujeedada ah in lagu qaado inta badan [[potash]] ka imanaya [[Gobolka Canfar]] ee [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo macdanta aan weli la horumarin. Taas ka sokow dekaddu waxay leedahay awood ay ugu adeegto waqooyiga [[Jabuuti]] iyo inay u noqoto marinka ugu dhow ee gobollada [[Gobolka Canfar|Canfar]] iyo [[Gobolka Tigray|Tigray]] ee Itoobiya. Marka la barbardhigo waddadii dhaqameedka ahayd ee ka imanaysay dekadaha Jabuuti iyada oo loo marayo [[Galafi]], waddada cusub ee [[National Highway 11|(RN-11)]] ee ka timaadda Tajuura ilaa [[Balho]] waxay si weyn u yaraynaysaa saacadda wadista.

==Cimilada==
[[File:Tadjoura beach at sunset.jpg|thumb|250px|Xeebta Tajuura wakhtiga qorrax dhaca.]]

Iyadoo leh cimilo engegan, magaaladu waxay aragtaa celcelis ahaan 186&amp;nbsp;mm (7.31&amp;nbsp;in) oo [[roob]] ah sannadkii. Celceliska [[heerkulka]] wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|26|C|F}} jiilaalka ilaa {{convert|36|C|F}} xagaaga.

{{Weather box|location = Tajuura
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour=
|Jan high C = 29.0
|Feb high C = 29.2
|Mar high C = 31.1
|Apr high C = 33.1
|May high C = 36.0
|Jun high C = 39.7
|Jul high C = 41.7
|Aug high C = 40.6
|Sep high C = 37.6
|Oct high C = 34.0
|Nov high C = 31.3
|Dec high C = 29.7
|Jan mean C = 25.6
|Feb mean C = 26.3
|Mar mean C = 27.9
|Apr mean C = 29.7
|May mean C = 32.4
|Jun mean C = 35.7
|Jul mean C = 36.4
|Aug mean C = 35.6
|Sep mean C = 34.2
|Oct mean C = 30.3
|Nov mean C = 27.8
|Dec mean C = 26.2
|Jan low C = 22.2
|Feb low C = 23.3
|Mar low C = 24.6
|Apr low C = 26.2
|May low C = 28.7
|Jun low C = 31.7
|Jul low C = 31.1
|Aug low C = 30.5
|Sep low C = 30.7
|Oct low C = 26.5
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 22.7
|rain colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 13
|Feb precipitation mm = 10
|Mar precipitation mm = 17
|Apr precipitation mm = 14
|May precipitation mm = 9
|Jun precipitation mm = 2
|Jul precipitation mm = 2
|Aug precipitation mm = 27
|Sep precipitation mm = 12
|Oct precipitation mm = 18
|Nov precipitation mm = 35
|Dec precipitation mm = 27
|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: 12m&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate-Data.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Climate: Tadjoura - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/31637/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=25 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|source 2= ''Levoyageur''&lt;ref name=&quot;Levoyageur&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=DJIBOUTI - TADJOURAH : Climate, weather, temperatures|url=http://www.levoyageur.net/weather-city-TADJOURAH.html|publisher=Levoyageur|accessdate=25 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Gaadiidka==
===Gaadiidka badda===
Laga soo bilaabo [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] ilaa Tajuura, waxay qaadataa laba saacadood iyo bar oo raacid ah.

===Gaadiidka dhulka===
Masaafada u dhaxaysa Jabuuti waa 130&amp;nbsp;km.

===Gaadiidka hawada===
Gaadiidka hawada, Tajuura waxaa u adeega [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Tajuura]]. [[File:Tadjoura Airport.jpg|thumb|right|Muuqaalka hawada ee marinka caga-dhigashada ee [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Tajuura]].]] Waxay qaadataa 30 daqiiqo in laga safro magaalada Jabuuti ilaa Tajuura.

==Suldaannada==
Waa kuwan liiska [[Suldaan|suldaannada]] Tajuura:&lt;ref name=&quot;Wsdjib&quot;&gt;[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Djibouti.html Worldstatesmen - DJibouti]&lt;/ref&gt;

*1620 Burhan bin Muhammad
*1630 Dini bin Muhammad
*1655 Kamil bin Burhan
*1655 Hamad bin Dini (ama Muhammad bin Dini)
*1680 Musa bin Kamil
*1680 Dini bin Hamad (ama Nasser bin Hamad)
*1705 Hamad bin Musa
*1705 Muhammad bin Dini
*1740 Muhammad bin Hamad
*1770 Hamad bin Naser
*1770 Hummad bin Muhammad
*1800-1820 Mandaytu bin Hamad
*1821-1859 Ad'allom Muhammad bin Hummad
*1860-9 Mar 1862 Muhammad bin Mandaytu
*1863-1879 Hummad bin Ad'allom Muhammad
*1880-24 Aug 1912 Hummad bin Muhammad
*2 Dec 1913-6 Aug 1927 Muhammad bin Arbahim
*Dec 1928-21 Apr 1962 Hummad bin Muhammad bin Arbahim
*18 May 1964 – 1984 Habib bin Hummad bin Muhammad
*1985 - 17 May 2019 Abd'ul Kadir bin Hummad bin Muhammad bin Arbahim

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Dileita Mohamed Dileita]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Jabuuti

==Qoraallo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://itouchmap.com/?c=dj&amp;UF=-2037463&amp;UN=-2829571&amp;DG=PPLA iTouchMap]

{{coord|11|47|N|42|53|E|region:DJ_type:city|display=title}}
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    <title>Tadjoura</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T17:07:09Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Tadjoura]] ilaa [[Tajuura]]</comment>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Obock</title>
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    <id>47675</id>
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      <id>299032</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T17:12:32Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="16655" sha1="n6io3teb6chibuyw9md25yuwhx876bb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| official_name          = Obokh
| native_name            = Hayyú
| settlement_type        = Magaalo
| image_skyline          = Obock, Djibouti.jpg
| imagesize              = 300
| image_caption          = 
| pushpin_map            = Djibouti
| pushpin_map_caption    = Goobta ay ku taal Jabuuti
| pushpin_relief         = 1
| coordinates            = {{coord|11|58|N|43|17|E|region:DJ|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type       = [[Dalalka adduunka|Waddan]]
| subdivision_name       = [[Image:Flag of Djibouti.svg|25px]] [[Jabuuti]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Gobollada Jabuuti|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Gobolka Obokh]]
| area_total_km2         = 6
| elevation_m            = 13
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;/&gt;
| population_total       = 20,152
| population_as_of       = 2024 tirakoob
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone               =
| utc_offset             =
| timezone_DST           =
| utc_offset_DST         =
| postal_code_type       =
| postal_code            =
| area_code              =
| website                =
| footnotes              =
}}

'''Obokh''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Obock''', {{langx|ar|أبخ}}, {{lang|aa|Hayyú}}) waa magaalo-dekadeed yar oo ku taal [[Jabuuti]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta waqooyi ee [[Gacanka Tajuura]], halkaas oo ay ka furanto [[Gacanka Cadan]]. Magaaladu waxay hoy u tahay [[Obock Airport|garoon diyaaradeed]] waxayna leedahay doonyo (ferry) aada [[Magaalada Jabuuti]]. Qaabka Faransiiska ah ee Obock wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ereyga Carabiga ah ee &quot;Oboh&quot;, kaas oo ah qaab beddel ah oo Oboki ah, magac la siiyay [[waddi]] maxalli ah.

==Taariikh==
{{Main|Saldanaddii Ifat|Saldanaddii Adal|Dhulka Obokh}}

Tuulada kalluumaysiga waxaa markii hore laga dhisay [[buur-dhul]] (plateau) ee Dala-h Húgub oo u dhow Dar'i [[Waddi]], iyadoo guryaha qaarkood laga dhisay dhoobo, dhagax iyo Daboyta. Inta badan dadka deggan waxay nolol-maalmeedkooda ka heli jireen xanaanada [[xoolaha]], kalluumaysiga, [[ganacsiga]] waxayna u isticmaali jireen ceel [[biyo]] la cabbo. Intii lagu jiray Dhexe-qarniyadii, Obokh waxaa xukumay [[Saldanaddii Ifat]] ka dibna [[Saldanaddii Adal]]. Suldaannadii Raheita waxay ka soo farcameen Saldanaddii Adal. Inkasta oo ay magac ahaan ka mid ahayd [[Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta]] tan iyo 1554, intii u dhaxaysay 1821 iyo 1841, [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]], Baashaha Masar, wuxuu gacanta ku dhigay [[Yemen]] iyo [[Eritrea]]-da casriga ah, iyo sheegashooyin ku aaddan Itoobiya ilaa [[Harar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;awdalpress.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/archives/16528 |title=French Somali coast Timeline |access-date=2013-04-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609002748/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/archives/16528 |archive-date=2013-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1884, taliyihii markabka ilaalada ee L’Inferent, oo ahaa markab Faransiis ah, wuxuu xaqiijiyay joogitaanka Masar ee aagga ku hareeraysan Obokh. Taliyihii markabka ilaalada ee Le Vaudreuil ayaa sidoo kale soo weriyay in Masriyiintu ay qabsadeen gudaha u dhexeeya Obokh iyo [[Tajuura]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clifford&quot;&gt;E. H. M. Clifford, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785556 &quot;The British Somaliland-Ethiopia Boundary&quot;, ''Geographical Journal''], 87 (1936), p. 289.&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiq ahaan, Masar waxay lahayd awood yar oo ay ku maamusho gudaha dalka, muddadii ay xukumeen xeebaha waxay ahayd mid kooban, iyadoo socotay dhowr sano oo keliya ka hor inta aan la soo saarin ciidammadii Masar aagga sannadkii 1862.

===Somaliland Faransiiska===
[[File:Obock panorama 1882.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Muuqaal guud ee Obokh sannadkii 1882 iyadoo warshaddii ugu horreysay ee Faransiiska ay dhinaca bidix ka muuqato]]
Intii lagu jiray [[Tartankii Afrika]], xiisaha sii kordhaya ee Faransiiska ee aagga wuxuu dhacay iyadoo ay jirtay firfircooni British ah oo ka socotay [[Masar]] iyo furitaanka [[Kanaalka Suez]] sannadkii 1869. Intii u dhaxaysay 1883 iyo 1887, Faransiisku waxay saxiixeen heshiisyo kala duwan oo lala galay [[Reer Soomaali|Soomaalida]] iyo [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] [[Suldaan|Saldanadaha]] markaas talinayay, taas oo u oggolaatay inay ballaariyaan [[protectorate|xukunka]] si loogu daro [[Gacanka Tajuura]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Uwechue&quot;&gt;Raph Uwechue, ''Africa year book and who's who'', (Africa Journal Ltd.: 1977), p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; Obokh waxay markii hore muhiim u ahayd goob ahaan gumeysigii ugu horreeyay ee [[Faransiiska]] ee gobolka, kaas oo lagu aasaasay heshiis lala galay dadka maxalliga ah ee [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] 11 Maarso 1862.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scott's monthly stamp journal&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Scott's monthly stamp journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpguAAAAIAAJ|access-date=29 May 2011|date=1 January 1982|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Faransiisku waxay xiisaynayeen inay yeeshaan [[coaling station|xarun dhuxusha]] loogu shubo [[uumi-markab|maraakiibta uumiga]], taas oo noqonaysa mid aad muhiim u ah marka la furo [[Kanaalka Suez]] sannadkii 1869. (Ilaa wakhtigaas maraakiibta Faransiiska waxay ahayd inay dhuxul ka iibsadaan [[dekadda]] British-ka ee [[Cadan]] ee ka soo horjeeda gacanka, taas oo ahayd ku-tiirsanaan aan caqli gal ahayn haddii ay dhacdo dagaal.) 
[[File:Obock coal depot mid-1880s.png|thumb|right|240px|Degelka ganacsatada Faransiiska iyo xarunta dhuxusha badhtamihii 1880-meeyadii.]]
Goobta ma aysan noqon mid la degan yahay, kaliya waxaa soo booqan jiray maraakiibta qaybaha [[badda]] ee loo qoondeeyay [[Badweynta Hindiya]], ilaa laga rakibay ganacsade Pierre Arnoux sannadkii 1881, oo ay ku xigtay [[Paul Soleillet]]. Obokh waxay noqotay gumeysi dhab ah sannadkii 1884 markii uu yimid bishii Agoosto [[Léonce Lagarde]], kaas oo aasaasay maamul oo ballaariyay hantida Faransiiska ee [[Gacanka Tajuura]], iyadoo la samaynayo Dhulka Obokh iyo dhismayaasha ku hareeraysan, Obokhna laga dhigay caasimaddeeda. Sannadkii 1885, Obokh waxay lahayd 800 oo qof iyo [[iskuul]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meesha la dhigto maraakiibta waxay ahayd mid aad u soo gaadhaysa dabaysha marka loo eego goobta [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] ee dhinaca koonfureed ee [[Gacanka Tajuura]], maamulkii gumeysiguna wuxuu u guuray halkaas sannadkii 1894. Dadka Obokh deggan waxay dabadeed hoos u dhaceen.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Obok |volume=19 |page=593}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Obock(rés Lagarde).jpg|thumb|right|240px|Muuqaal guud ee Obokh sannadkii 1920.]] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa qabsashadii Faransiiska ee Tajuura sannadkii 1927, Obokh waxay ahayd meesha keliya ee ku taal xeebta waqooyi ee Gacanka Tajuura oo leh xafiis maamul oo gumeysi. Waxay noqotay caasimadda Degmada Dankali sannadkii 1914, ka dibna jagada maamul laga soo bilaabo 1927 taas oo lagu daray &quot;Goobada Adaels&quot; sannadkii 1929. Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], [[Talyaaniga]] ku dhawaaqista dagaal ee [[Faransiiska]] iyo [[Biritayn]] waxay timid 10 Juun 1940, iyadoo qaaday falal gardarro ah oo bilaabmay 18 Juun.{{sfn|Thompson|Adloff|1968|p=16}} Laga soo bilaabo [[Gobolka Harar|Gobolka Harar]], ciidamo uu hoggaaminayo Jeneraal Guglielmo Nasi ayaa loo diray inay weeraraan Somaliland-ta Faransiiska. Waxaa jiray isku-dhacyo yar yar. Markii [[Vichy France|maamulka Vichy ee Faransiiska]] 10 Luulyo ay ogaadeen in hub ka dhigista aan weli laga dhaqan-gelin [[Somaliland-ta Faransiiska]], Madaxweyne [[Philippe Pétain]] wuxuu diray Jeneraal Gaëtan Germain oo ah wakiilkiisa gaarka ah si uu u saxo xaaladda. Wada-xaajoodyadii ka dhacay [[Dewele]], [[Bariga Afrika ee Talyaaniga]] ee ku saabsan hirgelinta hub ka dhigista ayaa ugu dambeyntii la dhammaystiray 8 Agoosto.{{sfn|Rovighi|1995|p=109}} Wakhtigaas, weerarkii Biritayn ee ka dhanka ahaa Talyaaniga wuxuu adkeeyay [[go'doominta Somaliland-ta Faransiiska]]. [[Macluul]] ayaa timid iyo cudurro la xiriira nafaqo-xumo waxay qaateen nolosha dad badan, 70% iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen dumar iyo carruur. Dad badan oo magaalada degganaa waxay u guureen [[dhulka gudaha]]. Dadka maxalliga ah waxay go'doominta u bixiyeen carmii, erey loo isticmaalo nooc ka mid ah hadhuudhka oo caadi ahaan loogu talagalay [[xoolaha]], kaas oo loo isticmaalay cunto aadanaha xilligii ugu sarreysay macluusha. Obokh waxay noqotay caasimadda goobo mas'uul ka ahayd dib-u-soo-saarka gumeysiga intii lagu jiray go'doominta Xulufada laga soo bilaabo 1941 ilaa 1943. Kaliya dhowr doonyood oo Arab ah (boutres) ayaa ku guuleystay inay ka baxsadaan go'doominta ilaa [[Magaalada Jabuuti|Jabuuti]] iyo Obokh iyo laba kaliya oo [[markab]] Faransiis ah oo ka yimid [[Madagaskar]] ayaa ku guuleystay inay ka gudbaan. [[Ku-dhawaaqista dagaalka ee Japan ee ka dhanka ah Mareykanka iyo Boqortooyada Biritayn|Ku-dhawaaqista dagaalka ee Japan]] ee ka dhanka ah Xulufada (7 Disembar 1941) waxay siisay gumeysiga xoogaa nasasho ah, maadaama Biritayn lagu qasbay inay ka saaraan dhammaan maraakiibta marka laga reebo laba ka mid ah [[go'doominta]] si loogu isticmaalo [[Bariga Fog]].

[[Taliyaha Guud ee Bariga Afrika]], [[William Platt]], wuxuu koodh u bixiyay wada-xaajoodyadii [[isu-dhiibista]] ee [[Somaliland-ta Faransiiska]] &quot;Pentagon&quot;, sababtoo ah waxaa jiray shan dhinac: isaga, badhasaabka Vichy, [[Faransiiska Xorta ah]], wasiirka Biritayn ee Addis Ababa iyo [[Mareykanka]]. [[Christian Raimond Dupont]] wuu is-dhiibay ciidammadii Colonel Raynal-na waxay dib ugu soo gudbeen Somaliland-ta Faransiiska 26 Disembar 1942, iyagoo dhammaystiray xorreyntooda. Wareejintii rasmiga ahayd waxay dhacday saacadda 10:00&amp;nbsp;p.m. 28 Disembar.{{sfn|Imbert-Vier|2008|p=172}} Badhasaabkii ugu horreeyay ee la magacaabo ee ka hooseeya [[Faransiiska Xorta ah]] wuxuu ahaa [[André Bayardelle]]. Guuto maxalli ah oo ka socota Somaliland-ta Faransiiska waxay ka qaybqaadatay [[Xorreyntii Paris]] 1944. Sannadkii 1963, goobada Obokh waxaa la abuuray iyadoo loo qaybiyay tii gobolka Tajuura.

===Jabuuti===
[[Af-Soomaali ubadal waxna haku darin waxna haka saarin isticmaal wikitext si loo copy gareeyo|Afar iyo Issa afti-u-qaadiddii saddexaad ee madax-bannaanida]] waxaa lagu qabtay [[Dhulka Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issa]] 8 May 1977. Afti-u-qaadiddii hore waxaa la qabtay [[1958 Afti-u-qaadiddii dhulka dibadda ee Somaliland-ta Faransiiska|1958]] iyo [[1967 Afti-u-qaadiddii madax-bannaanida Somaliland-ta Faransiiska|1967]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Kseoah&quot;&gt;Kevin Shillington, ''Encyclopedia of African history'', (CRC Press: 2005), p.360.&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo diidday [[madax-bannaanida]]. Afti-u-qaadiddan waxay taageertay madax-bannaanida [[Faransiiska]].&lt;ref&gt;Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M &amp; Thibaut, B (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p. 322 {{ISBN|0-19-829645-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; In ka badan 98.8% dadka codka dhiibtay waxay taageereen ka go'itaanka Faransiiska, taas oo si rasmi ah u calaamadeysay [[Maalinta Madax-bannaanida (Jabuuti)|madax-bannaanida Jabuuti]]. Obokh waxaa laga filayaa inay noqoto goobta [[saldhigga badda ee Shiinaha ee Jabuuti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |magazine=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/confirmed-construction-begins-on-chinas-first-overseas-military-base-in-djibouti/ |title=Confirmed: Construction Begins on China's First Overseas Military Base in Djibouti |first=Ankit |last=Panda |date=February 29, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514232104/https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/confirmed-construction-begins-on-chinas-first-overseas-military-base-in-djibouti/ |archive-date=May 14, 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Press/2016-02/25/content_4644801.htm |title=Defense Ministry's regular press conference on Feb.25 |date=February 15, 2016 |publisher=[[Wasaaradda Difaaca Qaranka (Shiinaha)|Wasaaradda Difaaca Qaranka]]  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518022718/http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Press/2016-02/25/content_4644801.htm |archive-date=May 18, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obokh waxay noqotay meel muhiim ah oo loo maro tahriibka sharci-darrada ah ee ka imanaya Itoobiya ilaa Sacuudi Carabiya, iyadoo ah goobta ay tahriibiyayaashu ku qaadaan dadka tahriibayaasha ah doonyo ilaa Yemen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2024/06/13/the-deadly-journey-to-the-gulf |title=The deadly journey to the Gulf |work=The Economist |date=13 June 2024 |access-date=20 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadweynaha==
Sida uu dhigayo tirakoobka 2024, tirada dadka Obokh waxay ahayd 20,152.&lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Obock (City, Djibouti) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/djibouti/admin/obock/51__obock/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka magaalada deggan waxay ka tirsan yihiin kooxo qowmiyadeed oo kala duwan oo badankood ku hadla [[luuqadaha Afro-Aasiya]]. [[Reer Canfar|Canfarta]] iyo [[Reer Soomaali|Soomaalida]] (qabiilka [[Ciise|Ciisaha]]) ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan.

==Shaabadaha boostada==
Intii lagu jiray waqtigeedii gumeysi ee Faransiiska, Obokh waxay soo saartay [[shaabado boosta]] u gaar ah; wixii faahfaahin dheeraad ah ka eeg [[Shaabadaha boostada iyo taariikhda boostada ee Obokh]].

==Dulmar==
Obokh waxay ku xiran tahay meelo kale oo ku hareeraysan [[Waddada Qaran 14 (Jabuuti)|RN-14 Waddada Qaran]]. Socdaalka doonta (ferry) ee laga raaco [[Magaalada Jabuuti]] ilaa Obokh waxay qaadataa saddex saacadood; masaafadu waa {{convert|237|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

==Cimilada iyo juquraafiga==
Obokh waxay leedahay cimilo engegan. Waxaa loo kala saaray kuleyl iyo [[cimilada bar-engegan|bar-engegan]] ([[Köppen kala soocidda cimilada]] ''[[Cimilada bar-engegan ee kuleylka ah|''BSh'']]''). Obokh waxay 13 m ka sarreysaa heerka badda ee buur-dhulka Gazelles (&quot;Dala-h Húgub ee Canfar&quot;) ee dhul cidlada ah. Cirku waa mid had iyo jeer cad oo dhalaalaya sannadka oo dhan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate-Data.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Climate: Dikhil - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/31645/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=30 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Weather box|location = Obokh
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour=pastel
|Jan high C = 28.9
|Feb high C = 29.0
|Mar high C = 30.8
|Apr high C = 32.8
|May high C = 35.4
|Jun high C = 38.6
|Jul high C = 41.0
|Aug high C = 39.9
|Sep high C = 37.0
|Oct high C = 33.8
|Nov high C = 31.0
|Dec high C = 29.7
|Jan low C = 22.3
|Feb low C = 23.3
|Mar low C = 24.6
|Apr low C = 26.0
|May low C = 28.2
|Jun low C = 30.7
|Jul low C = 30.8
|Aug low C = 30.1
|Sep low C = 30.0
|Oct low C = 26.4
|Nov low C = 24.2
|Dec low C = 22.7
|rain colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 4
|Feb precipitation mm = 6
|Mar precipitation mm = 16
|Apr precipitation mm = 4
|May precipitation mm = 7
|Jun precipitation mm = 0
|Jul precipitation mm = 5
|Aug precipitation mm = 6
|Sep precipitation mm = 3
|Oct precipitation mm = 5
|Nov precipitation mm = 14
|Dec precipitation mm = 10
| source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'', joogga: 13m&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate-Data.org&quot;/&gt;
|source 2= ''Levoyageur''&lt;ref name=&quot;Levoyageur&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=DJIBOUTI - OBOCK : Climate, weather, temperatures|url=http://www.levoyageur.net/weather-city-OBOCK.html|publisher=Levoyageur|access-date=5 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Biyaha guga ee xeebaha hoose waxay leeyihiin awood juquraafi kulayl oo xiiso leh (oo leh heerkul qoto dheer oo qiyaastii 200&amp;nbsp;°C ah).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Awaleh|first=Mohamed Osman|last2=Hoch|first2=Farhan Bouraleh|last3=Kadieh|first3=Ibrahim Houssein|last4=Soubaneh|first4=Youssouf Djbril|last5=Egueh|first5=Nima Moussa|last6=Jalludin|first6=Mohamed|last7=Boschetti|first7=Tiziano|year=2015|title=The geothermal resources of the Republic of Djibouti — I: Hydrogeochemistry of the Obock coastal hot springs|journal=Journal of Geochemical Exploration|volume=152|pages=54–66|doi=10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.02.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
* [[Hasna Mohamed Dato]], Siyaasi
* [[Abdallah Mohamed Kamil]], Siyaasi
* [[Henry de Monfreid]], Safar-yaqaan, qoraa

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

===Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay===
* {{cite thesis |first=Simon |last=Imbert-Vier |title=Frontières et limites à Djibouti durant la période coloniale (1884–1977) |type=PhD thesis |institution=[[Jaamacadda Provence|Université de Provence–Aix-Marseille I]] |year=2008 |url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736163}}
* {{cite book |last=Rovighi |title=Le operazioni in Africa orientale (giugno 1940 – novembre 1941) |series=Volume II: Documenti |publisher= Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito |location=Rome |year=1995}}
* {{cite book |title=Djibouti and the Horn of Africa |first1=Virginia McLean |first2=Richard |last1=Thompson |last2=Adloff |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1968}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vale de Cavaleiros</title>
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      <text bytes="1659" sha1="8w2bd8qo8ladbsmhnzmxpq7qw7yt87p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox port
|image=São Filipe Port (Cape Verde).jpg
|image_size=
|image_caption=Dekadda Fogo
|country=[[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]
|location=[[São Filipe, Cape Verde|São Filipe]], [[Fogo, Cape Verde|Fogo]]
|opened =
|owner =[[ENAPOR]]
|traffic=
|type = Macmal
| pushpin_map            = Cape Verde
| coordinates = {{coord|14.92036|-24.50363|region:CV_type-landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| size = 
| sizewater= 
| sizeland= 
| berths =
| wharfs = 
| piers = 
| leadershiptitle =
| arrivals =
| cargotonnage =
| containervolume  =
| passengertraffic =
}}
'''Vale de Caveiros''' waa dekadda jasiiradda [[Fogo, Cape Verde|Fogo]], ee [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay ku taal 3&amp;nbsp;km waqooyiga magaalada [[São Filipe, Cape Verde|São Filipe]]. Dekadda waxaa maamula maamulka dekadaha qaranka [[ENAPOR]]. Dekadda waxaa dib loo dhisay loona ballaariyay sannadkii 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-vale-cavaleiros|title=Information about the port|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|access-date=9 August 2018|df=dmy-all|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218235957/http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-vale-cavaleiros|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa dekad xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;


[[File:Fogo-94-114-03.jpg|thumb|left|Porto de Vale de Cavaleiros sannadkii 1994]]

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska dekadaha Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Commons category|Porto de Vale de Cavaleiros}}
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vale Cavaleiros}}</text>
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    <title>Tarrafal de São Nicolau, Kaab Farde</title>
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      <text bytes="3771" sha1="mqzjhnruacxuezvhkl1ve31f0rwvuho" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Tarrafal de São Nicolau
| image_skyline          = Tarrafal Fischerboote IMG 4193a Boot.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = Magaalada Tarrafal de São Nicolau oo leh dekaddeeda iyo doomaha
| coordinates = {{coord|16.566|-24.357|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 32109 
| area = 
| postal_code = 3121
}}
'''Tarrafal de São Nicolau''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta galbeed ee jasiiradda [[São Nicolau, Cape Verde|São Nicolau]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Iyadoo leh dad gaaraya 3,733 (tirakoobkii 2010), waa goobta ugu dadka badan jasiiradda. Waa xarunta [[Tarrafal de São Nicolau (degmo)|Degmada Tarrafal de São Nicolau]], waana dekadda ugu weyn jasiiradda. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed, 9&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee Ribeira Brava.

==Qaybaha==
Magaaladu waxay u qaybsantaa xaafado (''bairros'') oo ay ka mid yihiin:
*Alto Fontaínhas
*Alto Saco
*Amarelo Pintado
*Campedrada
*Chã de Poça
*João Baptista
*Telha

==Taariikh==
Kahor qarnigii 19-aad, [[dekedda dabiiciga ah]] (roadstead) ee Tarrafal waxaa loo isticmaali jiray si yar sababtoo ah waxay ka fogayd xarunta ugu weyn ee jasiiradda, [[Ribeira Brava, Cape Verde|Ribeira Brava]].&lt;ref name=dgt&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4124/1/IRT_TarrafalSNicolau_Actual.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município do Tarrafal de São Nicolau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102183056/http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4124/1/IRT_TarrafalSNicolau_Actual.pdf |date=2018-11-02 }}, Direcção Geral do Turismo&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|14}} Waxaa lagu xusay ''Terrafal'' khariiddadii 1747 ee [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay noqotay meel ay maraakiibta [[kalluumaysiga nibiriga]] (whaling) ku hakadaan qarnigii 19-aad, waxaana la dhisay kaabayaasha ka shaqaynta kalluunka, taas oo keentay in degaanku sii kordho.&lt;ref name=dgt/&gt;{{rp|14–16}} Degaanku wuxuu noqday magaalo horraantii 1990-meeyadii&lt;ref name=dgt/&gt;{{rp|16}} iyo magaalo madax ah sannadkii 2010.&lt;ref name=yearbook/&gt;

==Gaadiidka==

Dekadda Tarrafal waxaa la dhisay sannadkii 1991. Waxay leedahay 2 dekedood iyo [[Roll-on/roll-off discharge facility|rambadka roll-on/roll-off]] iyo xarun rakaab. Dhererka guud ee dekedaha waa 137 m, qoto-dheeraanta ugu badanna waa 7 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENAPOR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-do-tarrafal|title=Porto do Tarrafal|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|accessdate=10 September 2018|archive-date=19 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219003005/http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-do-tarrafal|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira xiriir doonyo oo ka yimaada Tarrafal ilaa jasiiradaha [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]] (Mindelo) iyo [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]] (Praia).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cvfastferry.com Bogga internetka ee Cabo Verde Fast Ferry]&lt;/ref&gt; Porto Tarrafal waa deked xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde#São Nicolau|Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarrafal de Sao Nicolau, Cape Verde}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3903" sha1="4ee7ejo8e0fbju0yv2rfwnt5zfklmam" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Tarrafal de São Nicolau
| image_skyline          = Tarrafal Fischerboote IMG 4193a Boot.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = Magaalada Tarrafal de São Nicolau oo leh dekaddeeda iyo doomaha
| coordinates = {{coord|16.566|-24.357|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 32109 
| area = 
| postal_code = 3121
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'''Tarrafal de São Nicolau''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta galbeed ee jasiiradda [[São Nicolau, Cape Verde|São Nicolau]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Iyadoo leh dad gaaraya 3,733 (tirakoobkii 2010), waa goobta ugu dadka badan jasiiradda. Waa xarunta [[Tarrafal de São Nicolau (degmo)|Degmada Tarrafal de São Nicolau]], waana dekadda ugu weyn jasiiradda. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed, 9&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee Ribeira Brava.

==Qaybaha==
Magaaladu waxay u qaybsantaa xaafado (''bairros'') oo ay ka mid yihiin:
*Alto Fontaínhas
*Alto Saco
*Amarelo Pintado
*Campedrada
*Chã de Poça
*João Baptista
*Telha

==Taariikh==
Kahor qarnigii 19-aad, [[dekedda dabiiciga ah]] (roadstead) ee Tarrafal waxaa loo isticmaali jiray si yar sababtoo ah waxay ka fogayd xarunta ugu weyn ee jasiiradda, [[Ribeira Brava, Cape Verde|Ribeira Brava]].&lt;ref name=dgt&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4124/1/IRT_TarrafalSNicolau_Actual.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município do Tarrafal de São Nicolau] {{Wayback|url=http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4124/1/IRT_TarrafalSNicolau_Actual.pdf |date=20181102183056 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102183056/http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4124/1/IRT_TarrafalSNicolau_Actual.pdf |date=2018-11-02 }}, Direcção Geral do Turismo&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|14}} Waxaa lagu xusay ''Terrafal'' khariiddadii 1747 ee [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay noqotay meel ay maraakiibta [[kalluumaysiga nibiriga]] (whaling) ku hakadaan qarnigii 19-aad, waxaana la dhisay kaabayaasha ka shaqaynta kalluunka, taas oo keentay in degaanku sii kordho.&lt;ref name=dgt/&gt;{{rp|14–16}} Degaanku wuxuu noqday magaalo horraantii 1990-meeyadii&lt;ref name=dgt/&gt;{{rp|16}} iyo magaalo madax ah sannadkii 2010.&lt;ref name=yearbook/&gt;

==Gaadiidka==

Dekadda Tarrafal waxaa la dhisay sannadkii 1991. Waxay leedahay 2 dekedood iyo [[Roll-on/roll-off discharge facility|rambadka roll-on/roll-off]] iyo xarun rakaab. Dhererka guud ee dekedaha waa 137 m, qoto-dheeraanta ugu badanna waa 7 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENAPOR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-do-tarrafal|title=Porto do Tarrafal|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|accessdate=10 September 2018|archive-date=19 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219003005/http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-do-tarrafal|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira xiriir doonyo oo ka yimaada Tarrafal ilaa jasiiradaha [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]] (Mindelo) iyo [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]] (Praia).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cvfastferry.com Bogga internetka ee Cabo Verde Fast Ferry]&lt;/ref&gt; Porto Tarrafal waa deked xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde#São Nicolau|Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarrafal de Sao Nicolau, Cape Verde}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2001" sha1="aoke0148elwm7srkv75g659etbh0hdy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = 
| image_skyline          = Tarrafal de Monte Trigo.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{coord|16.959|-25.310|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 13121
| area = 
}}
'''Tarrafal de Monte Trigo''' waa degaan ku yaal qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Sannadkii 2010 tirada dadkeedu waxay ahayd 841. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta, 27&amp;nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta caasimadda jasiiradda [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde|Porto Novo]]. Degaanka waxaa lagu xusay ''Terrafal'' khariiddadii 1747 ee [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Piste Santo Antao (Cap-Vert).JPG|thumb|right|Waddada boodhka ah ee isku xirta Tarrafal iyo Porto Novo]]

==Taariikh==
Tarrafal de Monte Trigo waa magac dheer oo loo arko mid muhiim ah si looga fogaado in lagu qaldo tarrafal-yada kale ee [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxaa jira in ka badan afar ka mid ah, mid ku yaal São Nicolau, iyo xitaa mid kale oo ku yaal jasiiradda Santo Antão, kaas oo aan dhab ahaantii ahayn tuulo, balse qayb ka mid ah [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande]], oo ah mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn jasiiradda. Magaca Tarrafal wuxuu ka yimid geedka/baadiyaha ''[[Tamarix senegalensis]]'' ama Tamarisk, oo loogu yeero Tarrafe gudaha Kabo Verde.

Febraayo 2021, shaqada waddada loo maro tuulada ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inay dhammaatay iyadoo la qabtay xaflad furitaan ah.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde#Santo Antão|Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[[wikivoyage:Tarrafal_de_Monte_Trigo|WikiVoyage Macluumaadka Safarka ee Tarrafal de Monte Trigo]]</text>
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    <title>São Filipe, Kaab Farde</title>
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| name       = São Filipe
| image_skyline          = Jardim Florido, S. Filipe. Fogo, Cape Verde - 1997.jpg
| image_size=
| image_caption          = Fagaarad ku yaal São Filipe
| coordinates = {{coord|14.895|-24.498|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 82203
| postal_code = 8220
| elevation = 77
}}
'''São Filipe''' (af-Bortaqiis: &quot;Saint Philip&quot;) waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal xeebta galbeed ee Afrika jasiiradda [[Fogo, Cape Verde|Fogo]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waa caasimadda jasiiradda, waana xarunta [[São Filipe, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada São Filipe]]. Garoonka diyaaradaha ee jasiiradda, [[São Filipe Airport|Garoonka São Filipe]], wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka koonfur-bari ee magaalada, dekadda jasiiradduna waxay u jirtaa 4&amp;nbsp;km waqooyiga xarunta, gaar ahaan [[Vale de Cavaleiros]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/portal/v10/PT/aspx/portos/index.aspx?id_linha=608&amp;ms=1-51|title=Information about the port|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|access-date=3 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022001720/http://www.enapor.cv/portal/v10/PT/aspx/portos/index.aspx?id_linha=608|archive-date=22 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Joogga magaaladu waa 20 mitir.

[[File:SFilipe5.jpg|thumb|right|Kaniisad yar oo ku taal ''Praça Alberto da Silva'']][[File:Porto de Vale de Cavaleiros.jpg|thumb|right|Porto de Vale de Cavaleiros]]
[[File:São Filipe-Nossa Senhora da Conceição (1).jpg|alt=Nossa Senhora da Conceição church|thumb|right|Kaniisadda Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Our Lady of Conception)]]

== Taariikh ==
São Filipe waxaa la aasaasay qarnigii 16-aad waxaana loo arkaa inay tahay magaaladii labaad ee ugu da'da weyn Kabo Verde ka dib [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande]], laakiin shahaadada magaalo-nimo laguma siin ka hor 1922.&lt;ref&gt;Pitt Reitmaier: ''Cabo Verde - Kapverdische Inseln'', bogga 386. Bielefeld 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article018683&amp;ak=1|title=Djar'fogo assinala 84 anos de S. Filipe com mostra fotográfica|newspaper=A Semana|language=pt|date=11 July 2006|access-date=22 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku horumartay beerashada cudbiga, kaas oo lagu iibin jiray xeebta Afrika.&lt;ref name=unesco&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6104 Centre historique de São Filipe], UNESCO&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1655 São Filipe waxaa burburiyay budhcad-badeed Flemish ah.&lt;ref&gt;Ingrid and Peter Kirschey, ''Kapverden'', bogga 156. Köln 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Qarnigii 18-aad waxay gashay fadhiidnimada dhaqaalaha, sida Ribeira Grande oo kale. Beerashada cudbiga waxaa beddelay canabka, kafeega iyo jatropha (oo loo isticmaalo saliidda iyo saabuunta), taas oo keentay kor u kac dhaqaale qarnigii 19-aad. Guryo magaalo oo wakiil ah ([[Sobrado (architecture)|sobrados]]) ayaa laga dhisay xarunta magaalada, hareeraha kaniisadda xaafadda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, 70% guryaha xarunta magaalada waxay ka soo jeedaan qarnigii 19-aad.&lt;ref name=unesco/&gt;

== Goobaha dalxiiska ==
* Xarunta taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, oo loo yaqaan ''Bila Baxo''. Waxaa lagu yaqaanaa naqshadeeda gumeysiga. Tan iyo 2000, guryo badan ayaa dib loo habeeyay. Guryo badan waxay leeyihiin muuqaal midab leh ama si qurux badan loo qurxiyay, balakoonnada alwaaxda ah ama daaqadaha bay. Marka laga soo tago waddooyinka quruxda badan ee leh guryo yaryar oo gumeysi ah, waxaa jira ilaa 50 guri oo waaweyn oo wakiil ah. Xarunta taariikhiga ah ee São Filipe waxay ku jirtaa liiska hordhaca ah ee [[Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka]].&lt;ref name=unesco/&gt;
* Mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu wakiilka ah waa xarunta magaalada (''Camara Municipal'') oo la dhisay 1928.&lt;ref name=osang&gt;Rolf Osang. ''Kapverdische Inseln'', bogga 134-135. Köln 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal goob mudan in la arko oo loo yaqaan ''Praça 12 de Setembro'' halkaas oo beero yar iyo fagaare alwaax ah ay mudan yihiin booqasho.&lt;ref&gt;Richard Trillo, [https://books.google.com/books?id=clU65BAfOmUC&amp;dq=Bila+Baxo&amp;pg=PT1121 São Filipe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821050820/https://books.google.nl/books?id=clU65BAfOmUC&amp;pg=PT1121&amp;dq=Bila+Baxo&amp;hl=nl&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjSp_Kekb7OAhXJORoKHWvFAHcQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Bila%20Baxo&amp;f=false |date=2016-08-21 }} The Rough Guide to West Africa&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kaniisadda Katooliga ee ugu muhiimsan magaalada waa ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' oo lagu dhisay qaab fudud 1849.&lt;ref name=unesco/&gt; Kaniisaddan oo leh laba saacadood oo saacado waaweyn leh ayaa la dayactiray dhowr jeer. Dayactirkii ugu dambeeyay waxaa la dhammaystiray 2007. Kaniisadda hortiisa waxaa ku yaal dhowr guri oo gumeysi ah oo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay oo soo jeeda qarnigii 18-aad.
* Hall-ka Suuqa wuxuu ku yaal xadka Bila Baxo ee qaybta casriga ah ee magaalada ee ''Praça Francisco de Assis'', oo ah meesha ugu mashquulka badan. Saldhigga basaska ee ugu muhiimsan iyo xafiiska boostada ayaa sidoo kale halkaan ku yaal.
* Matxafka ''Casa da Memória'' wuxuu ku yaal ''Praça 12 de Setembro'' guri ganacsade oo la dhisay 1820. Guriga deriska la ah waa matxafka degmada ([[São Filipe Municipal Museum|''Museu Municipal'']]). Barxadda gudaha waxaa lagu beeray dhowr dhir oo u gaar ah Fogo, qaarkoodna ay yihiin noocyo khatar ku jira, tusaale ahaan Crabo bravo (''[[Erysimum caboverdiana]]'') iyo Língua de vaca (''[[Echium vulcanorum]]''). Guri yar (''[[Funco (architecture)|Funco]]'') ayaa dib loo dhisay qaab dhaqameedka iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhagaxyo foolkaano. Qayb ka mid ah barxadda gudaha waxay ka kooban tahay dhagaxyo [[basalt]] ah.
* Goobta taariikhiga ah ee ''Praça Serpa Pinto'' waxay ku taal waqooyi-galbeed ee xarunta, qiyaastii 40 mitir ka sarreysa xeebta ''Praia da Bila'' oo ka kooban ciid foolkaano madow ah. Waxaa ku yaal dhowr guri oo gumeysi ah, taallo iyo beero yar. Goobta laga arko ''Miradouro da Bila Baxo'' ee qaybta waqooyi ee goobta waxay bixisaa muuqaal qurux badan oo xeebta iyo jasiiradda deriska ah ee [[Brava, Cape Verde|Brava]].
* Qayb ka mid ah qalcadda ''Fortim Carlota'' oo soo jeeda 1667 ayaa lagu ilaaliyay qaybta koonfureed. Qori culus oo cajiib ah ayaa laga arki karaa hortiisa. Dhismaha waxaa loo isticmaalay xabsi ilaa 2005.&lt;ref name=lipps&gt;Susanne Lipps: ''Kapverdische Inseln'', bogga 253-254. Ostfildern 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Koonfurta xarunta, qabuuraha duugga ah ''Antigo Cemitério'', oo la isticmaalay ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 20-aad, ayaa mudan booqasho. Waxaa ku yaal dhowr qabri oo qaab casri ah oo soo jeeda qarnigii 19-aad.
* Meel ka baxsan xarunta taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, ''Praça Alberto da Silva'', oo ah meel afar geesood ah oo leh beero yar iyo kaniisad yar oo ku taal aag deegaan oo caadi ah oo ay dhif tahay in dalxiisayaashu booqdaan, waa mudan booqasho. Waxaa ku yaal dhowr dukaan, rooti iyo internet café yar. Goobtu waxay bixisaa muuqaal qurux badan oo qayb ka mid ah magaalada iyo hareeraheeda.
* Marka laga reebo ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'', kaniisadda Katooliga ugu da'da weyn, waxaa jira kaniisado yaryar oo ku yaal ''Praça Alberto da Silva'', oo ah [[Kaniisadda Rasuulada Cusub]] iyo laba [[Ward (LDS Church)|waaxood]] oo ka tirsan [[Kaniisadda Ciise Masiix ee Dadka Quduuska ah ee Maalmaha Dambe]].

== Xeebaha ==
''Praia da Bila'', oo ah xeeb madow, waxay 40 mitir ka hoosaysaa xarunta magaalada. Ma aha mid aad u nadiif ah, maalmo badanna badda waa mid aad u kacsan.&lt;ref name=osang/&gt;

Dadka deggan magaalada waxay door bidaan xeebta dekadda ''Porto de [[Vale de Cavaleiros]]'', oo qiyaastii 4&amp;nbsp;km u jirta woqooyiga Sao Filipe, taas oo ah barta ugu galbeed ee jasiiradda. Iyadoo ay jirto dekadda, biyaha waa nadiif badduna ma aha mid aad u kacsan.&lt;ref name=lipps/&gt; Xeebta ugu caansan jasiiradda waa ''Ponta da Sallina'' ee [[São Jorge, Cape Verde|São Jorge]].

== Tirakoobka ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Tirada dadka ee magaalada São Filipe (1980–hadda)
|- style=&quot;background-color:#0000FF; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;&quot;
| '''1980'''&lt;ref name=citypop&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/CapeVerde.html citypopulation.de]&lt;/ref&gt; 
| '''1990'''&lt;ref name=citypop/&gt; 
| '''2010'''&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| 4,370
| 5,616
| 8,112
|}

== Cimilada ==
São Filipe waxay leedahay [[cimilada lamadegaanka kulul]] ([[Köppen kala soocidda cimilada|Köppen]] ''BWh''). Heerkulka celceliska waa {{convert|24.2|C|F}}. Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|272|mm|in|2|disp=or}}.

{{Weather box|location = São Filipe, {{convert|113|metres|feet|0|disp=or}} ASL
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|width = auto
|temperature colour = 
|Jan high C = 25.6
|Feb high C = 25.6
|Mar high C = 26.2
|Apr high C = 26.7
|May high C = 27.1
|Jun high C = 27.8
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Aug high C = 28.7
|Sep high C = 29.1
|Oct high C = 29.0
|Nov high C = 28.6
|Dec high C = 26.4
|Jan mean C = 22.3
|Feb mean C = 22.1
|Mar mean C = 22.6
|Apr mean C = 23.0
|May mean C = 23.7
|Jun mean C = 24.3
|Jul mean C = 25.1
|Aug mean C = 25.7
|Sep mean C = 26.2
|Oct mean C = 26.3
|Nov mean C = 25.2
|Dec mean C = 23.5
|Jan low C = 19.1
|Feb low C = 18.7
|Mar low C = 19.0
|Apr low C = 19.4
|May low C = 20.3
|Jun low C = 20.8
|Jul low C = 21.8
|Aug low C = 22.8
|Sep low C = 23.3
|Oct low C = 23.7
|Nov low C = 21.9
|Dec low C = 20.6
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 3
|Feb rain mm = 2
|Mar rain mm = 0
|Apr rain mm = 0
|May rain mm = 0
|Jun rain mm = 0
|Jul rain mm = 14
|Aug rain mm = 81
|Sep rain mm = 121
|Oct rain mm = 35
|Nov rain mm = 11
|Dec rain mm = 5
|source = Climate-Data.ORG&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/3105/
| title = Climate data for São Filipe, 20-180 metres ASL
| access-date = 5 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
[[File:São Filipe-Fortim Carlota (1).jpg|thumb|right|Qalcadda ''Fortim Carlota'']]
[[File:São_Filipe_Street.jpg|thumb|right|Waddo caadi ah oo ku taal São Filipe]]

== Dadka caanka ah ==
*[[Pedro Pires]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay iyo Madaxweynihii 3-aad ee Kabo Verde
[[Image:FogoMuseu2.jpg|thumb|right|Matxaf]]

== Ciyaaraha ==
Magaaladu waxay leedahay garoomo – [[Estadio 5 de Julho]] oo loo isticmaalo kubadda cagta iyo dhisme isboorti oo badan oo la yiraahdo Simão Mendes oo loo isticmaalo ciyaaraha kubadda kolayga iyo kubadda laliska.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inforpress.publ.cv/desporto-mlt/105996-sao-filipe-reabilitacao-do-estadio-5-de-julho-e-polidesportivo-simao-mendes-prevista-para-dezembro|title=São Filipe: Reabilitação do estádio 5 de Julho e polidesportivo &quot;Simão Mendes&quot; prevista para Dezembro|newspaper=Inforpress CV|language=pt|date=20 November 2014|access-date=21 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202061728/https://www.inforpress.publ.cv/desporto-mlt/105996-sao-filipe-reabilitacao-do-estadio-5-de-julho-e-polidesportivo-simao-mendes-prevista-para-dezembro|archive-date=2 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Académica do Fogo]], [[Botafogo FC (Cape Verde)|Botafogo]] iyo [[Vulcânicos]] waa kooxaha kubadda cagta ee magaalada, sidoo kale waa kuwa ugu caansan jasiiradda.
[[Image:FogoCemitérioVelho.jpg|thumb|right|Xeeb iyo qabuuro duug ah.]]

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:SFilipe1.jpg|Naqshadda gumeysiga.
Image:SFilipe2.jpg|Naqshadda gumeysiga.
Image:SFilipe7.jpg|Guri gumeysi oo waaweyn (''Sobrado'').
Image:FogoEndemicPlants.jpg|Dhirta u gaar ah barxadda gudaha ee matxafka.
Image:SFilipe3.jpg|Praça Francisco d'Assis.
Image:SFilipe4.jpg|Praça Alberto da Silva.
Image:SFilipe8.jpg|Kaniisadda Rasuulada Cusub.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|São Filipe (Kabo Verde)}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|São Filipe}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060621155934/http://www.sao-filipe.com/html/sao_filipe_ev.html Macluumaad ku saabsan Sao Filipe, caasimadda Jasiiradda Fogo, Kabo Verde]

{{Authority control}}

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| name       = São Filipe
| image_skyline          = Jardim Florido, S. Filipe. Fogo, Cape Verde - 1997.jpg
| image_size=
| image_caption          = Fagaarad ku yaal São Filipe
| coordinates = {{coord|14.895|-24.498|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 82203
| postal_code = 8220
| elevation = 77
}}
'''São Filipe''' (af-Bortaqiis: &quot;Saint Philip&quot;) waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal xeebta galbeed ee Afrika jasiiradda [[Fogo, Cape Verde|Fogo]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waa caasimadda jasiiradda, waana xarunta [[São Filipe, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada São Filipe]]. Garoonka diyaaradaha ee jasiiradda, [[São Filipe Airport|Garoonka São Filipe]], wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka koonfur-bari ee magaalada, dekadda jasiiradduna waxay u jirtaa 4&amp;nbsp;km waqooyiga xarunta, gaar ahaan [[Vale de Cavaleiros]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/portal/v10/PT/aspx/portos/index.aspx?id_linha=608&amp;ms=1-51|title=Information about the port|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|access-date=3 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022001720/http://www.enapor.cv/portal/v10/PT/aspx/portos/index.aspx?id_linha=608|archive-date=22 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Joogga magaaladu waa 20 mitir.

[[File:SFilipe5.jpg|thumb|right|Kaniisad yar oo ku taal ''Praça Alberto da Silva'']][[File:Porto de Vale de Cavaleiros.jpg|thumb|right|Porto de Vale de Cavaleiros]]
[[File:São Filipe-Nossa Senhora da Conceição (1).jpg|alt=Nossa Senhora da Conceição church|thumb|right|Kaniisadda Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Our Lady of Conception)]]

== Taariikh ==
São Filipe waxaa la aasaasay qarnigii 16-aad waxaana loo arkaa inay tahay magaaladii labaad ee ugu da'da weyn Kabo Verde ka dib [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande]], laakiin shahaadada magaalo-nimo laguma siin ka hor 1922.&lt;ref&gt;Pitt Reitmaier: ''Cabo Verde - Kapverdische Inseln'', bogga 386. Bielefeld 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article018683&amp;ak=1|title=Djar'fogo assinala 84 anos de S. Filipe com mostra fotográfica|newspaper=A Semana|language=pt|date=11 July 2006|access-date=22 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku horumartay beerashada cudbiga, kaas oo lagu iibin jiray xeebta Afrika.&lt;ref name=unesco&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6104 Centre historique de São Filipe], UNESCO&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1655 São Filipe waxaa burburiyay budhcad-badeed Flemish ah.&lt;ref&gt;Ingrid and Peter Kirschey, ''Kapverden'', bogga 156. Köln 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Qarnigii 18-aad waxay gashay fadhiidnimada dhaqaalaha, sida Ribeira Grande oo kale. Beerashada cudbiga waxaa beddelay canabka, kafeega iyo jatropha (oo loo isticmaalo saliidda iyo saabuunta), taas oo keentay kor u kac dhaqaale qarnigii 19-aad. Guryo magaalo oo wakiil ah ([[Sobrado (architecture)|sobrados]]) ayaa laga dhisay xarunta magaalada, hareeraha kaniisadda xaafadda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, 70% guryaha xarunta magaalada waxay ka soo jeedaan qarnigii 19-aad.&lt;ref name=unesco/&gt;

== Goobaha dalxiiska ==
* Xarunta taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, oo loo yaqaan ''Bila Baxo''. Waxaa lagu yaqaanaa naqshadeeda gumeysiga. Tan iyo 2000, guryo badan ayaa dib loo habeeyay. Guryo badan waxay leeyihiin muuqaal midab leh ama si qurux badan loo qurxiyay, balakoonnada alwaaxda ah ama daaqadaha bay. Marka laga soo tago waddooyinka quruxda badan ee leh guryo yaryar oo gumeysi ah, waxaa jira ilaa 50 guri oo waaweyn oo wakiil ah. Xarunta taariikhiga ah ee São Filipe waxay ku jirtaa liiska hordhaca ah ee [[Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka]].&lt;ref name=unesco/&gt;
* Mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu wakiilka ah waa xarunta magaalada (''Camara Municipal'') oo la dhisay 1928.&lt;ref name=osang&gt;Rolf Osang. ''Kapverdische Inseln'', bogga 134-135. Köln 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal goob mudan in la arko oo loo yaqaan ''Praça 12 de Setembro'' halkaas oo beero yar iyo fagaare alwaax ah ay mudan yihiin booqasho.&lt;ref&gt;Richard Trillo, [https://books.google.com/books?id=clU65BAfOmUC&amp;dq=Bila+Baxo&amp;pg=PT1121 São Filipe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821050820/https://books.google.nl/books?id=clU65BAfOmUC&amp;pg=PT1121&amp;dq=Bila+Baxo&amp;hl=nl&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjSp_Kekb7OAhXJORoKHWvFAHcQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Bila%20Baxo&amp;f=false |date=2016-08-21 }} The Rough Guide to West Africa&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kaniisadda Katooliga ee ugu muhiimsan magaalada waa ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' oo lagu dhisay qaab fudud 1849.&lt;ref name=unesco/&gt; Kaniisaddan oo leh laba saacadood oo saacado waaweyn leh ayaa la dayactiray dhowr jeer. Dayactirkii ugu dambeeyay waxaa la dhammaystiray 2007. Kaniisadda hortiisa waxaa ku yaal dhowr guri oo gumeysi ah oo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay oo soo jeeda qarnigii 18-aad.
* Hall-ka Suuqa wuxuu ku yaal xadka Bila Baxo ee qaybta casriga ah ee magaalada ee ''Praça Francisco de Assis'', oo ah meesha ugu mashquulka badan. Saldhigga basaska ee ugu muhiimsan iyo xafiiska boostada ayaa sidoo kale halkaan ku yaal.
* Matxafka ''Casa da Memória'' wuxuu ku yaal ''Praça 12 de Setembro'' guri ganacsade oo la dhisay 1820. Guriga deriska la ah waa matxafka degmada ([[São Filipe Municipal Museum|''Museu Municipal'']]). Barxadda gudaha waxaa lagu beeray dhowr dhir oo u gaar ah Fogo, qaarkoodna ay yihiin noocyo khatar ku jira, tusaale ahaan Crabo bravo (''[[Erysimum caboverdiana]]'') iyo Língua de vaca (''[[Echium vulcanorum]]''). Guri yar (''[[Funco (architecture)|Funco]]'') ayaa dib loo dhisay qaab dhaqameedka iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhagaxyo foolkaano. Qayb ka mid ah barxadda gudaha waxay ka kooban tahay dhagaxyo [[basalt]] ah.
* Goobta taariikhiga ah ee ''Praça Serpa Pinto'' waxay ku taal waqooyi-galbeed ee xarunta, qiyaastii 40 mitir ka sarreysa xeebta ''Praia da Bila'' oo ka kooban ciid foolkaano madow ah. Waxaa ku yaal dhowr guri oo gumeysi ah, taallo iyo beero yar. Goobta laga arko ''Miradouro da Bila Baxo'' ee qaybta waqooyi ee goobta waxay bixisaa muuqaal qurux badan oo xeebta iyo jasiiradda deriska ah ee [[Brava, Cape Verde|Brava]].
* Qayb ka mid ah qalcadda ''Fortim Carlota'' oo soo jeeda 1667 ayaa lagu ilaaliyay qaybta koonfureed. Qori culus oo cajiib ah ayaa laga arki karaa hortiisa. Dhismaha waxaa loo isticmaalay xabsi ilaa 2005.&lt;ref name=lipps&gt;Susanne Lipps: ''Kapverdische Inseln'', bogga 253-254. Ostfildern 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Koonfurta xarunta, qabuuraha duugga ah ''Antigo Cemitério'', oo la isticmaalay ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 20-aad, ayaa mudan booqasho. Waxaa ku yaal dhowr qabri oo qaab casri ah oo soo jeeda qarnigii 19-aad.
* Meel ka baxsan xarunta taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, ''Praça Alberto da Silva'', oo ah meel afar geesood ah oo leh beero yar iyo kaniisad yar oo ku taal aag deegaan oo caadi ah oo ay dhif tahay in dalxiisayaashu booqdaan, waa mudan booqasho. Waxaa ku yaal dhowr dukaan, rooti iyo internet café yar. Goobtu waxay bixisaa muuqaal qurux badan oo qayb ka mid ah magaalada iyo hareeraheeda.
* Marka laga reebo ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'', kaniisadda Katooliga ugu da'da weyn, waxaa jira kaniisado yaryar oo ku yaal ''Praça Alberto da Silva'', oo ah [[Kaniisadda Rasuulada Cusub]] iyo laba [[Ward (LDS Church)|waaxood]] oo ka tirsan [[Kaniisadda Ciise Masiix ee Dadka Quduuska ah ee Maalmaha Dambe]].

== Xeebaha ==
''Praia da Bila'', oo ah xeeb madow, waxay 40 mitir ka hoosaysaa xarunta magaalada. Ma aha mid aad u nadiif ah, maalmo badanna badda waa mid aad u kacsan.&lt;ref name=osang/&gt;

Dadka deggan magaalada waxay door bidaan xeebta dekadda ''Porto de [[Vale de Cavaleiros]]'', oo qiyaastii 4&amp;nbsp;km u jirta woqooyiga Sao Filipe, taas oo ah barta ugu galbeed ee jasiiradda. Iyadoo ay jirto dekadda, biyaha waa nadiif badduna ma aha mid aad u kacsan.&lt;ref name=lipps/&gt; Xeebta ugu caansan jasiiradda waa ''Ponta da Sallina'' ee [[São Jorge, Cape Verde|São Jorge]].

== Tirakoobka ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Tirada dadka ee magaalada São Filipe (1980–hadda)
|- style=&quot;background-color:#0000FF; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;&quot;
| '''1980'''&lt;ref name=citypop&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/CapeVerde.html citypopulation.de]&lt;/ref&gt; 
| '''1990'''&lt;ref name=citypop/&gt; 
| '''2010'''&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| 4,370
| 5,616
| 8,112
|}

== Cimilada ==
São Filipe waxay leedahay [[cimilada lamadegaanka kulul]] ([[Köppen kala soocidda cimilada|Köppen]] ''BWh''). Heerkulka celceliska waa {{convert|24.2|C|F}}. Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|272|mm|in|2|disp=or}}.

{{Weather box|location = São Filipe, {{convert|113|metres|feet|0|disp=or}} ASL
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|width = auto
|temperature colour = 
|Jan high C = 25.6
|Feb high C = 25.6
|Mar high C = 26.2
|Apr high C = 26.7
|May high C = 27.1
|Jun high C = 27.8
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Aug high C = 28.7
|Sep high C = 29.1
|Oct high C = 29.0
|Nov high C = 28.6
|Dec high C = 26.4
|Jan mean C = 22.3
|Feb mean C = 22.1
|Mar mean C = 22.6
|Apr mean C = 23.0
|May mean C = 23.7
|Jun mean C = 24.3
|Jul mean C = 25.1
|Aug mean C = 25.7
|Sep mean C = 26.2
|Oct mean C = 26.3
|Nov mean C = 25.2
|Dec mean C = 23.5
|Jan low C = 19.1
|Feb low C = 18.7
|Mar low C = 19.0
|Apr low C = 19.4
|May low C = 20.3
|Jun low C = 20.8
|Jul low C = 21.8
|Aug low C = 22.8
|Sep low C = 23.3
|Oct low C = 23.7
|Nov low C = 21.9
|Dec low C = 20.6
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 3
|Feb rain mm = 2
|Mar rain mm = 0
|Apr rain mm = 0
|May rain mm = 0
|Jun rain mm = 0
|Jul rain mm = 14
|Aug rain mm = 81
|Sep rain mm = 121
|Oct rain mm = 35
|Nov rain mm = 11
|Dec rain mm = 5
|source = Climate-Data.ORG&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/3105/
| title = Climate data for São Filipe, 20-180 metres ASL
| access-date = 5 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
[[File:São Filipe-Fortim Carlota (1).jpg|thumb|right|Qalcadda ''Fortim Carlota'']]
[[File:São_Filipe_Street.jpg|thumb|right|Waddo caadi ah oo ku taal São Filipe]]

== Dadka caanka ah ==
*[[Pedro Pires]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay iyo Madaxweynihii 3-aad ee Kabo Verde
[[Image:FogoMuseu2.jpg|thumb|right|Matxaf]]

== Ciyaaraha ==
Magaaladu waxay leedahay garoomo – [[Estadio 5 de Julho]] oo loo isticmaalo kubadda cagta iyo dhisme isboorti oo badan oo la yiraahdo Simão Mendes oo loo isticmaalo ciyaaraha kubadda kolayga iyo kubadda laliska.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inforpress.publ.cv/desporto-mlt/105996-sao-filipe-reabilitacao-do-estadio-5-de-julho-e-polidesportivo-simao-mendes-prevista-para-dezembro|title=São Filipe: Reabilitação do estádio 5 de Julho e polidesportivo &quot;Simão Mendes&quot; prevista para Dezembro|newspaper=Inforpress CV|language=pt|date=20 November 2014|access-date=21 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202061728/https://www.inforpress.publ.cv/desporto-mlt/105996-sao-filipe-reabilitacao-do-estadio-5-de-julho-e-polidesportivo-simao-mendes-prevista-para-dezembro|archive-date=2 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Académica do Fogo]], [[Botafogo FC (Cape Verde)|Botafogo]] iyo [[Vulcânicos]] waa kooxaha kubadda cagta ee magaalada, sidoo kale waa kuwa ugu caansan jasiiradda.
[[Image:FogoCemitérioVelho.jpg|thumb|right|Xeeb iyo qabuuro duug ah.]]

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:SFilipe1.jpg|Naqshadda gumeysiga.
Image:SFilipe2.jpg|Naqshadda gumeysiga.
Image:SFilipe7.jpg|Guri gumeysi oo waaweyn (''Sobrado'').
Image:FogoEndemicPlants.jpg|Dhirta u gaar ah barxadda gudaha ee matxafka.
Image:SFilipe3.jpg|Praça Francisco d'Assis.
Image:SFilipe4.jpg|Praça Alberto da Silva.
Image:SFilipe8.jpg|Kaniisadda Rasuulada Cusub.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|São Filipe (Kabo Verde)}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060621155934/http://www.sao-filipe.com/html/sao_filipe_ev.html Macluumaad ku saabsan Sao Filipe, caasimadda Jasiiradda Fogo, Kabo Verde]

{{Authority control}}

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    <title>Sal Rei</title>
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| name       = 
| image_skyline   = Aerial-Sal-Reis-Cape-Verde-2012.JPG
| image_size = 
| image_caption   = Muuqaalka cirka ee Sal Rei
| coordinates = {{coord|16.177|-22.918|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 51205
| postal_code = 5110
}}

'''Sal Rei''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee bariga [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Sal Rei waa degaanka ugu weyn magaalada ee jasiiradda, waana xarunta [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada Boa Vista]]. Sannadkii 2010 tirada dadkeedu waxay ahayd 5,778. Magaca degaanku wuxuu ka dhigan yahay &quot;King Salt&quot; (Milixda Boqorka) af-Bortaqiis. Magacan wuxuu ka yimid xilligii ay warshadaha ugu waaweyn ee jasiiraddu ahaayeen soo saarista milixda.

Sal Rei waxay leedahay deked ku taal gacanka oo leh waddooyin doonyo oo aada jasiiradaha [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]] ([[Praia]]), [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]] ([[Santa Maria, Cape Verde|Santa Maria]]) iyo [[Maio, Cape Verde|Maio]] ([[Cidade do Maio]]). Deked cusub ayaa la dhisay 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-sal-rei|title=Porto Sal Rei (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Porto da Boa Vista)|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|accessdate=18 February 2017|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827013459/http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-sal-rei|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Galbeedka dekedda waxaa ku yaal jasiirad yar oo [[Ilhéu de Sal Rei]] ah. Dalxiisku wuxuu diiradda saarayaa aagga [[Praia de Cabral]]. Port de Sal-Rei waa deked xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikh==
[[File:Sal Rei in Boa Vista.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaalka Sal Rei oo laga eegay Koonfurta]]
Magaaladan waxaa la aasaasay goobaha milixda ee Boa Vista. Sannadihii 1815 iyo 1817, magaalada waxaa dhacay budhcad-badeed. [[Forte Duque de Bragança]] waxaa laga dhisay jasiiradda u dhow [[Ilhéu de Sal Rei]] si looga difaaco magaalada weeraro kale oo budhcad-badeed ah.

==Dadka==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Tirada dadka ee magaalada Sal Rei (1990–hadda)
|- style=&quot;background-color:#0000FF; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;&quot;
| '''1991'''&lt;ref name=citypop&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/CapeVerde.html citypopulation.de]&lt;/ref&gt; 
| '''2000'''&lt;ref name=citypop/&gt; 
| '''2010'''&lt;ref name=citypop/&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|1,522
|1,995
|5,778
|}

==Cimilada==
Sal Rei waxay ku taal aagga cimilada lamadegaanka sida inta kale ee jasiiradda. Celceliska roobabka waa {{cvt|67|mm}}, celceliska heerkulkuna waa {{cvt|24.1|°C}}. Bisha ugu qabow waa Febraayo oo celcelis ahaan gaarta {{cvt|21.7|°C}} halka bisha ugu kulul ay tahay Sebtembar oo celcelis ahaan gaarta {{cvt|27.2|°C}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate Data&quot;&gt;[http://en.climate-data.org/location/880469/ Sal Rei] xogta cimilada, la helay 2018-08-02&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Weather box|location = Sal Rei, 7 mitir ASL
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 25
|Feb high C = 25
|Mar high C = 26
|Apr high C = 26
|May high C = 27
|Jun high C = 27
|Jul high C = 28
|Aug high C = 29
|Sep high C = 30
|Oct high C = 29
|Nov high C = 28
|Dec high C = 26
|Jan low C = 19
|Feb low C = 18
|Mar low C = 19
|Apr low C = 20
|May low C = 20
|Jun low C = 21
|Jul low C = 23
|Aug low C = 23
|Sep low C = 24
|Oct low C = 24
|Nov low C = 22
|Dec low C = 20
|Jan rain mm = 2
|Feb rain mm = 0
|Mar rain mm = 0
|Apr rain mm = 0
|May rain mm = 0
|Jun rain mm = 0
|Jul rain mm = 3
|Aug rain mm = 16
|Sep rain mm = 38
|Oct rain mm = 7
|Nov rain mm = 0
|Dec rain mm = 1
|source = Climate-Data.ORG&lt;ref name=&quot;Climate Data&quot;/&gt;
}}
[[File:Sal Rei, Cabo Verde.jpg|thumb|right|Fagaare ku yaal Sal Rei.]]

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Aristides Raimundo Lima]], guddoomiyaha Golaha Qaranka 2001 ilaa 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;parlamento.cv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Biografia%20de%20Aristides%20R%20Lima.pdf|title=Biography at the National Assembly website}} in pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka Kabo Verde]]
*[[Dalxiiska Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{commons category|Sal Rei}}
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Rincão, Kaab Verde</title>
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| name       = Rincão
| image_skyline          = 
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{coord|15.061|-23.764|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 72147 
| area = 
| elevation = 
}}
'''Rincão''' (sidoo kale: ''Porto Rincão'') waa degaan ku yaal qaybta galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Sannadkii 2010, tirada dadkeedu waxay ahayd 1,048 waxayna ku taallaa xeebta galbeed, 6 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Assomada]]. Barta ugu galbeed ee jasiiradda, ''Ponta da Janela'', waxay 2 km u jirtaa dhanka waqooyi-galbeed.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rincao}}</text>
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| name       = Ribeira Grande
| image_skyline          = Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde - panoramio (6).jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = Muuqaalka magaalada Ribeira Grande iyo durdurka
| coordinates = {{coord|17.183|-25.065|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 11107
| elevation = 31
| postal_code = 1110
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'''Ribeira Grande''' (sidoo kale: ''Povoação'') waa magaalada ugu weyn [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada Ribeira Grande]] ee jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay noqotay magaalo 2010.&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2010 dadkeedu wuxuu ahaa 2,564. Waxay ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda, meel u dhow halka uu wabiga [[Ribeira Grande (stream)|Ribeira Grande]] iyo durdurkiisa [[Ribeira da Torre]] ay ku shubmaan [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Xaafadaha waxaa ka mid ah Tarrafal, Rua de Agua, Rua d'Horta iyo Penha de França.
[[File:EnseadaRibeiraGrande.jpg|thumb|right|Gacanka Ribeira Grande badhtamihii qarnigii 19-aad]]
[[File:Ribera Grande.jpg|thumb|right|Waddo caadi ah oo leh naqshadda gumeysiga]]

==Taariikh==
In kasta oo jasiiradda la helay 1462, cadayntii ugu horreysay ee degaan waxay soo bilaabatay 1548. Degaanka ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa Ribeira Grande, kaas oo noqday xarunta degmada Santo Antão 1732.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf Evolução histórica do concelho do Porto Novo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903183014/http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf |date=2018-09-03 }}, Andreza Costa Dias, 2006, bogga 8-12&lt;/ref&gt;  

Dhismayaasheeda hore waxaa lagu dhisay naqshadda gumeysiga Bortaqiiska. Kaniisadda Nossa Senhora do Rosário waa kaniisadda xaafadda. 

Dadka caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah farmashiistaha [[Roberto Duarte Silva]], abwaanka [[Manuel de Novas]], iyo [[José Luís Jesus]], wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda iyo madaxweynaha [[Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Sharciga Badda]].

== Tirakoobka ==
{| class=wikitable
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1990 || 2,550
|-
| 2005 || 2,950
|-
| 2010 || 2,564&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.cv/censo/censo2010.aspx|title=Natiijooyinka tirakoobka 2010|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde|language=pt|access-date=17 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409053633/http://www.ine.cv/censo/censo2010.aspx|archive-date=9 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Akhris dheeraad ah==
{{Commons category}}
*Carlos Ferrão, ''Estudos sobre a Ilha de Santo Antão'' (''Daraasaad ku saabsan Jasiiradda Santo Antão''), Imprensa Nacional, Lisbonne, 1898, 116 bog {{in lang|pt}}</text>
      <sha1>3nn2h0lej4tno17d1i6jre8l6zrg7vu</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>299161</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3118" sha1="m0100pu9q3fb21lo8fbh9u5scw85gmb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Ribeira Grande
| image_skyline          = Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde - panoramio (6).jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = Muuqaalka magaalada Ribeira Grande iyo durdurka
| coordinates = {{coord|17.183|-25.065|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 11107
| elevation = 31
| postal_code = 1110
}}
'''Ribeira Grande''' (sidoo kale: ''Povoação'') waa magaalada ugu weyn [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada Ribeira Grande]] ee jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay noqotay magaalo 2010.&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2010 dadkeedu wuxuu ahaa 2,564. Waxay ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda, meel u dhow halka uu wabiga [[Ribeira Grande (stream)|Ribeira Grande]] iyo durdurkiisa [[Ribeira da Torre]] ay ku shubmaan [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Xaafadaha waxaa ka mid ah Tarrafal, Rua de Agua, Rua d'Horta iyo Penha de França.
[[File:EnseadaRibeiraGrande.jpg|thumb|right|Gacanka Ribeira Grande badhtamihii qarnigii 19-aad]]
[[File:Ribera Grande.jpg|thumb|right|Waddo caadi ah oo leh naqshadda gumeysiga]]

==Taariikh==
In kasta oo jasiiradda la helay 1462, cadayntii ugu horreysay ee degaan waxay soo bilaabatay 1548. Degaanka ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa Ribeira Grande, kaas oo noqday xarunta degmada Santo Antão 1732.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf Evolução histórica do concelho do Porto Novo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf |date=20180903183014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903183014/http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf |date=2018-09-03 }}, Andreza Costa Dias, 2006, bogga 8-12&lt;/ref&gt;  

Dhismayaasheeda hore waxaa lagu dhisay naqshadda gumeysiga Bortaqiiska. Kaniisadda Nossa Senhora do Rosário waa kaniisadda xaafadda. 

Dadka caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah farmashiistaha [[Roberto Duarte Silva]], abwaanka [[Manuel de Novas]], iyo [[José Luís Jesus]], wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda iyo madaxweynaha [[Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Sharciga Badda]].

== Tirakoobka ==
{| class=wikitable
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1990 || 2,550
|-
| 2005 || 2,950
|-
| 2010 || 2,564&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.cv/censo/censo2010.aspx|title=Natiijooyinka tirakoobka 2010|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde|language=pt|access-date=17 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409053633/http://www.ine.cv/censo/censo2010.aspx|archive-date=9 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Akhris dheeraad ah==
{{Commons category}}
*Carlos Ferrão, ''Estudos sobre a Ilha de Santo Antão'' (''Daraasaad ku saabsan Jasiiradda Santo Antão''), Imprensa Nacional, Lisbonne, 1898, 116 bog {{in lang|pt}}</text>
      <sha1>m0100pu9q3fb21lo8fbh9u5scw85gmb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Preguiça, São Nicolau</title>
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      <text bytes="1934" sha1="jz2ikm99gn9z2pujq9ei2mb873o9qn9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Preguiça
| image_skyline          = 
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|16.562|-24.281|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 31224 
| area = 
}}

'''Preguiça''' waa degaan ku yaal qaybta dhexe ee jasiiradda [[São Nicolau, Cape Verde|São Nicolau]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta koonfureed, 6&amp;nbsp;km koonfurta [[Ribeira Brava, Cape Verde|Ribeira Brava]]. Waxay u adeegi jirtay dekedda Ribeira Brava, ka dib markii ''Porto de Lapa'' oo ka da' weyn, oo 6&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi-bari u jirtay, laga tagay 1653 sababo la xiriira weerarro budhcad-badeed ah.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4125/1/IRTUR2_RBSN_Actual.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município de Ribeira Brava de São Nicolau], Direcção Geral do Turismo, bogga 16-17&lt;/ref&gt; 
Degaanka waxaa lagu xusay ''Paraghisi'' khariiddadii 1747 ee [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1820 [[Forte do Príncipe Real]], oo hadda burbursan, ayaa loo dhisay in lagu ilaaliyo dekadda.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gecorpa.pt/Upload/Revistas/Rev15_Art03.pdf Recuperação do Forte da Preguiça], C. Amaro iyo V. Santos, [[IPPAR]], 2002&lt;/ref&gt; Dekadda Preguiça waxay ka kooban tahay deked dhagax ah iyo [[Mole (architecture)|moole]] gaaban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite enroute|143|2017|240}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Preguiça Airport]] wuxuu ku yaallaa 3&amp;nbsp;km waqooyiga tuulada.

==Taariikhda dadka==
*2000: 465
*2010: 567

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{stack|{{Portal|Africa}}}}		
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde#São Nicolau|Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Preguica, Sao Nicolau}}</text>
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        <id>28368</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2149" sha1="6s108s2f1amzj4t2w870n7wprxkioxk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Preguiça
| image_skyline          = 
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|16.562|-24.281|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 31224 
| area = 
}}

'''Preguiça''' waa degaan ku yaal qaybta dhexe ee jasiiradda [[São Nicolau, Cape Verde|São Nicolau]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta koonfureed, 6&amp;nbsp;km koonfurta [[Ribeira Brava, Cape Verde|Ribeira Brava]]. Waxay u adeegi jirtay dekedda Ribeira Brava, ka dib markii ''Porto de Lapa'' oo ka da' weyn, oo 6&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi-bari u jirtay, laga tagay 1653 sababo la xiriira weerarro budhcad-badeed ah.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4125/1/IRTUR2_RBSN_Actual.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município de Ribeira Brava de São Nicolau] {{Wayback|url=http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4125/1/IRTUR2_RBSN_Actual.pdf |date=20181101203033 }}, Direcção Geral do Turismo, bogga 16-17&lt;/ref&gt; 
Degaanka waxaa lagu xusay ''Paraghisi'' khariiddadii 1747 ee [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1820 [[Forte do Príncipe Real]], oo hadda burbursan, ayaa loo dhisay in lagu ilaaliyo dekadda.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gecorpa.pt/Upload/Revistas/Rev15_Art03.pdf Recuperação do Forte da Preguiça] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gecorpa.pt/Upload/Revistas/Rev15_Art03.pdf |date=20220531123544 }}, C. Amaro iyo V. Santos, [[IPPAR]], 2002&lt;/ref&gt; Dekadda Preguiça waxay ka kooban tahay deked dhagax ah iyo [[Mole (architecture)|moole]] gaaban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite enroute|143|2017|240}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Preguiça Airport]] wuxuu ku yaallaa 3&amp;nbsp;km waqooyiga tuulada.

==Taariikhda dadka==
*2000: 465
*2010: 567

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{stack|{{Portal|Africa}}}}		
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde#São Nicolau|Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Preguica, Sao Nicolau}}</text>
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           |123=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 123:'' Southwest Coast of Africa
           |124=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 124:'' East Coast of South America
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           |126=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 126:'' Pacific Islands
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           |141=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 141:'' Scotland
           |142=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 142:'' Ireland and the West Coast of England
           |143=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 143:'' West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa
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           |146=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 146:'' Newfoundland, Labrador, and Hudson Bay
           |147=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 147:'' Caribbean Sea Volume I
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           |172=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 172:'' Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
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           |175=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 175:'' North, West, and South Coasts of Australia
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           |182=Sailing Directions (Enroute), ''Pub. 182:'' North and West Coasts of Norway
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  <page>
    <title>Porto Novo, Kaab Verde</title>
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| name       = Porto Novo
| image_skyline          = PortoNovoVista.JPG
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{coord|17.019|-25.064|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 13122
| elevation = 8
| postal_code = 1310
}}
'''Porto Novo''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]], ee [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waa xarunta [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada Porto Novo]]. Tirakoobkii 2010, magaaladu waxay lahayd 9,310 qof, taas oo ka dhigaysa degaanka ugu dadka badan jasiiradda.&lt;ref name=census10/&gt; 
 
==Juqraafiya==
Porto Novo waxay ku taal xeebta koonfur-bari ee Santo Antão, iyada oo ka soo horjeedda jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]].

Magaaladu waxay u qaybsantaa qaybaha soo socda:&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*Abufador
*Alto de Peixinho
*Alto de São Tomé
*Armazém
*Bairro
*Berlim
*Branquinho
*Chã de Camoca
*Chã de Galinheira
*Chã de Itália
*Chã de Matinho
*Covoada
*Lombo Branco
*Lombo de Meio
*Praia de Topo
*Ribeira Corujinho
*São Tomé
{{div col end}}

==Demograafiya==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Tirada dadka ee magaalada Porto Novo (1990–2010)
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| '''1990'''&lt;ref name=citypop&gt;Isha: [https://www.citypopulation.de/CapeVerde.html City Population], iyadoo la xiganayo [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]]&lt;/ref&gt; 
| '''2000'''&lt;ref name=citypop/&gt; 
| '''2010'''&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| 4867
| 7685
| 9310
|}

==Taariikh==
[[Image:CaisPortoNovo.JPG|thumb|right|Dekadda Porto Novo, iyo gadaasheeda, jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]]]]
Sababo la xiriira abaarta xeebta koonfureed ee Santo Antão, degaanku wuxuu bilaabmay goor dambe. Magaaladu markii hore waxay ahayd tuulo kalluumeysi oo la odhan jiray ''Porto dos Carvoeiros''. Laga bilaabo 30 dhisme oo kaliya 1901, waxay bilowday inay korto 1910-meeyadii.&lt;ref name=dias&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf Evolução histórica do concelho do Porto Novo], Andreza Costa Dias, 2006&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|21}} Dekadda waxaa la daahfuray 1962, waxaana la casriyeeyay 2012-14.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENAPOR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-novo|title=Porto Novo|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|access-date=6 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hor 1962, maraakiibtu waxay ahayd inay ku [[Anchorage (maritime)|xaroodaan]] gacanka Alto Peixinho, alaabta iyo rakaabkana waa in lagu soo dejiyaa doonyo yaryar.&lt;ref name=dias/&gt;{{rp|24}} Waa xarunta [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada Porto Novo]] oo la abuuray 1962,&lt;ref name=dias/&gt;{{rp|29}} waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotay degaanka magaalo ee ugu weyn jasiiradda. 2005 magaalada Porto Novo waxay noqotay magaalo.&lt;ref name=dias/&gt;{{rp|40}}

==Cimilada==
Porto Novo waxay leedahay [[cimilada lamadegaanka kulul]] ([[Köppen kala soocidda cimilada|Köppen]] ''BWh''). Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|191|mm|in|2|disp=or}}. Celceliska heerkulka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|23.8|C|F}}.&lt;ref name=climate/&gt;

{{Weather box|width=auto|location = Porto Novo, 17 mitir ASL
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour =
|Jan high C = 24.0
|Feb high C = 23.4
|Mar high C = 24.1
|Apr high C = 24.6
|May high C = 25.3
|Jun high C = 26.2
|Jul high C = 27.3
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 27.6
|Oct high C = 27.5
|Nov high C = 27.0
|Dec high C = 25.2
|year high C = 25.8
|Jan mean C = 22.0
|Feb mean C = 21.6
|Mar mean C = 22.0
|Apr mean C = 22.3
|May mean C = 23.0
|Jun mean C = 24.1
|Jul mean C = 25.0
|Aug mean C = 25.9
|Sep mean C = 26.0
|Oct mean C = 25.8
|Nov mean C = 25.0
|Dec mean C = 23.4
|year mean C = 23.8
|Jan low C = 20.1
|Feb low C = 19.8
|Mar low C = 19.9
|Apr low C = 20.1
|May low C = 20.8
|Jun low C = 22.1
|Jul low C = 22.7
|Aug low C = 23.9
|Sep low C = 24.4
|Oct low C = 24.2
|Nov low C = 23.0
|Dec low C = 21.6
|year low C = 21.9
|Jan rain mm = 7
|Feb rain mm = 2
|Mar rain mm = 1
|Apr rain mm = 0
|May rain mm = 0
|Jun rain mm = 0
|Jul rain mm = 4
|Aug rain mm = 28
|Sep rain mm = 86
|Oct rain mm = 31
|Nov rain mm = 17
|Dec rain mm = 15
|rain colour = green
|year rain mm = 191
|source 1 = &lt;ref name=climate&gt;{{cite web|title=Porto Novo Climate (Cape Verde)|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/5732/|publisher=Climate-Data.ORG}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date = 05 January 2014}}

==Gaadiidka==
Tan iyo casriyeyntii ugu dambaysay ee 2014, dekadda Porto Novo waxay leedahay 3 dekedood, 1 [[Containerization|barxad kunteenarrada]], 2 [[Roll-on/roll-off discharge facility|marooyinka roll-on/roll-off]] iyo [[Slipway|marinka doonyaha]]. Dhererka guud ee dekedaha waa 268 m, qoto-dheerida ugu badanna waa 8 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENAPOR&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 2017 waxaa la maareeyay 134,141 tan oo badeecad ah iyo 301,813 rakaab ah (2017).&lt;ref name=stat&gt;[http://www.enapor.cv/web/content/1271?unique=bbed71b56b90fdb6aa154d086d15720aa6078e2c&amp;download=true Statistics Porto Novo], [[ENAPOR]], Diseembar 2017&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira 4 xiriir oo maalinle ah oo doonyo ah oo ka yimaada Porto Novo ilaa [[Mindelo]] oo ku taal jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.aperegala.com/index.php/en/practical-information/santo-antao/ferry-mindelo-porto-novo Dooni aadda Santo Antão]&lt;/ref&gt; Porto Novo waa deked xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadada qaran ee EN1-SA01 waxay isku xirtaa Porto Novo iyo [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande]], iyadoo maraysa gudaha buuraleyda ah. EN1-SA03 waxay u horseedaa [[Pombas, Cape Verde|Pombas]] xeebta bari. EN1-SA04 waxay u horseedaa galbeedka [[Lajedo, Cape Verde|Ponte Sul]]. Tan iyo markii la xiray [[Garoonka Agostinho Neto]], oo ku yaal [[Ponta do Sol, Cape Verde|Ponta do Sol]], ma jiro garoon diyaaradeed oo shaqeeya jasiiradda.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka Kabo Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Commons category|Porto Novo (Kabo Verde)}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6515" sha1="kafmni4vbrscy6ucoec0upopyclh5rr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Porto Novo
| image_skyline          = PortoNovoVista.JPG
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{coord|17.019|-25.064|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 13122
| elevation = 8
| postal_code = 1310
}}
'''Porto Novo''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]], ee [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waa xarunta [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada Porto Novo]]. Tirakoobkii 2010, magaaladu waxay lahayd 9,310 qof, taas oo ka dhigaysa degaanka ugu dadka badan jasiiradda.&lt;ref name=census10/&gt; 
 
==Juqraafiya==
Porto Novo waxay ku taal xeebta koonfur-bari ee Santo Antão, iyada oo ka soo horjeedda jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]].

Magaaladu waxay u qaybsantaa qaybaha soo socda:&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*Abufador
*Alto de Peixinho
*Alto de São Tomé
*Armazém
*Bairro
*Berlim
*Branquinho
*Chã de Camoca
*Chã de Galinheira
*Chã de Itália
*Chã de Matinho
*Covoada
*Lombo Branco
*Lombo de Meio
*Praia de Topo
*Ribeira Corujinho
*São Tomé
{{div col end}}

==Demograafiya==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Tirada dadka ee magaalada Porto Novo (1990–2010)
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| '''1990'''&lt;ref name=citypop&gt;Isha: [https://www.citypopulation.de/CapeVerde.html City Population], iyadoo la xiganayo [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]]&lt;/ref&gt; 
| '''2000'''&lt;ref name=citypop/&gt; 
| '''2010'''&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
| 4867
| 7685
| 9310
|}

==Taariikh==
[[Image:CaisPortoNovo.JPG|thumb|right|Dekadda Porto Novo, iyo gadaasheeda, jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]]]]
Sababo la xiriira abaarta xeebta koonfureed ee Santo Antão, degaanku wuxuu bilaabmay goor dambe. Magaaladu markii hore waxay ahayd tuulo kalluumeysi oo la odhan jiray ''Porto dos Carvoeiros''. Laga bilaabo 30 dhisme oo kaliya 1901, waxay bilowday inay korto 1910-meeyadii.&lt;ref name=dias&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf Evolução histórica do concelho do Porto Novo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1882/1/MONOGRAFIAAndreza.pdf |date=20180903183014 }}, Andreza Costa Dias, 2006&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|21}} Dekadda waxaa la daahfuray 1962, waxaana la casriyeeyay 2012-14.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENAPOR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.enapor.cv/web/guest/porto-novo|title=Porto Novo|publisher=[[ENAPOR]]|language=pt|access-date=6 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hor 1962, maraakiibtu waxay ahayd inay ku [[Anchorage (maritime)|xaroodaan]] gacanka Alto Peixinho, alaabta iyo rakaabkana waa in lagu soo dejiyaa doonyo yaryar.&lt;ref name=dias/&gt;{{rp|24}} Waa xarunta [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde (degmo)|Degmada Porto Novo]] oo la abuuray 1962,&lt;ref name=dias/&gt;{{rp|29}} waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotay degaanka magaalo ee ugu weyn jasiiradda. 2005 magaalada Porto Novo waxay noqotay magaalo.&lt;ref name=dias/&gt;{{rp|40}}

==Cimilada==
Porto Novo waxay leedahay [[cimilada lamadegaanka kulul]] ([[Köppen kala soocidda cimilada|Köppen]] ''BWh''). Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|191|mm|in|2|disp=or}}. Celceliska heerkulka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|23.8|C|F}}.&lt;ref name=climate/&gt;

{{Weather box|width=auto|location = Porto Novo, 17 mitir ASL
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|temperature colour =
|Jan high C = 24.0
|Feb high C = 23.4
|Mar high C = 24.1
|Apr high C = 24.6
|May high C = 25.3
|Jun high C = 26.2
|Jul high C = 27.3
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 27.6
|Oct high C = 27.5
|Nov high C = 27.0
|Dec high C = 25.2
|year high C = 25.8
|Jan mean C = 22.0
|Feb mean C = 21.6
|Mar mean C = 22.0
|Apr mean C = 22.3
|May mean C = 23.0
|Jun mean C = 24.1
|Jul mean C = 25.0
|Aug mean C = 25.9
|Sep mean C = 26.0
|Oct mean C = 25.8
|Nov mean C = 25.0
|Dec mean C = 23.4
|year mean C = 23.8
|Jan low C = 20.1
|Feb low C = 19.8
|Mar low C = 19.9
|Apr low C = 20.1
|May low C = 20.8
|Jun low C = 22.1
|Jul low C = 22.7
|Aug low C = 23.9
|Sep low C = 24.4
|Oct low C = 24.2
|Nov low C = 23.0
|Dec low C = 21.6
|year low C = 21.9
|Jan rain mm = 7
|Feb rain mm = 2
|Mar rain mm = 1
|Apr rain mm = 0
|May rain mm = 0
|Jun rain mm = 0
|Jul rain mm = 4
|Aug rain mm = 28
|Sep rain mm = 86
|Oct rain mm = 31
|Nov rain mm = 17
|Dec rain mm = 15
|rain colour = green
|year rain mm = 191
|source 1 = &lt;ref name=climate&gt;{{cite web|title=Porto Novo Climate (Cape Verde)|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/5732/|publisher=Climate-Data.ORG}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date = 05 January 2014}}

==Gaadiidka==
Tan iyo casriyeyntii ugu dambaysay ee 2014, dekadda Porto Novo waxay leedahay 3 dekedood, 1 [[Containerization|barxad kunteenarrada]], 2 [[Roll-on/roll-off discharge facility|marooyinka roll-on/roll-off]] iyo [[Slipway|marinka doonyaha]]. Dhererka guud ee dekedaha waa 268 m, qoto-dheerida ugu badanna waa 8 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENAPOR&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 2017 waxaa la maareeyay 134,141 tan oo badeecad ah iyo 301,813 rakaab ah (2017).&lt;ref name=stat&gt;[http://www.enapor.cv/web/content/1271?unique=bbed71b56b90fdb6aa154d086d15720aa6078e2c&amp;download=true Statistics Porto Novo], [[ENAPOR]], Diseembar 2017&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira 4 xiriir oo maalinle ah oo doonyo ah oo ka yimaada Porto Novo ilaa [[Mindelo]] oo ku taal jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.aperegala.com/index.php/en/practical-information/santo-antao/ferry-mindelo-porto-novo Dooni aadda Santo Antão]&lt;/ref&gt; Porto Novo waa deked xubin ka ah [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadada qaran ee EN1-SA01 waxay isku xirtaa Porto Novo iyo [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande]], iyadoo maraysa gudaha buuraleyda ah. EN1-SA03 waxay u horseedaa [[Pombas, Cape Verde|Pombas]] xeebta bari. EN1-SA04 waxay u horseedaa galbeedka [[Lajedo, Cape Verde|Ponte Sul]]. Tan iyo markii la xiray [[Garoonka Agostinho Neto]], oo ku yaal [[Ponta do Sol, Cape Verde|Ponta do Sol]], ma jiro garoon diyaaradeed oo shaqeeya jasiiradda.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka Kabo Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Commons category|Porto Novo (Kabo Verde)}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>kafmni4vbrscy6ucoec0upopyclh5rr</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Dekedda Ingiriiska</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T17:54:20Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="2557" sha1="8qdxku6vtuj2855bmwt7f3ckjy6epv1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Porto Inglês
| image_skyline = Selezione 001.png
| image_size = 
| image_caption = 
| coordinates = {{coord|15.138|-23.211|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 61111
| elevation = 10
}}

'''Porto Inglês''' (af-Bortaqiis: &quot;Dekadda Ingiriiska&quot;, sidoo kale: ''Cidade do Maio'', ''Vila do Maio'') waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Maio, Cape Verde|Maio]] ee koonfur-bari ee [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waa degaanka ugu weyn magaalada ee jasiiradda, waana xarunta [[Maio, Cape Verde|Degmada Maio]]. Dadkeedu wuxuu ahaa 2,971 sannadkii 2010. Magaca Porto Inglês wuxuu tixraacayaa maraakiibtii Ingiriiska ee dhoofin jiray milixda lagu soo saaro jasiiradda Maio oo laga dhoofin jiray magaaladan. Ka faa'iidaysiga milixdu wuxuu socday ilaa qarnigii 19-aad.&lt;ref&gt;[http://municipiodomaio.cv/historia-2/ Historia], Municipio do Maio {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalkii aan la kala badin ee [[Battle of Maio|Dagaalkii Maio]] ayaa ka dhacay inta u dhaxaysa guutooyinka [[frigate|maraakiibta dagaalka]] ee Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska meel u dhow magaalada 23 Janaayo 1814, marxaladihii ugu dambeeyay ee [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalladii Napoleonic]].

Dekadda Porto Inglês waxay leedahay adeegyo doonyo oo aada [[Praia]] oo ku taal jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]]. Waxa kale oo ay xubin ka tahay dekedaha [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Maio Airport|Garoonka diyaaradaha ee Maio]] wuxuu ku yaallaa 1&amp;nbsp;km waqooyiga magaalada.

Goobaha caanka ah: 
*[[Forte de São José (Maio)|Forte de São José]] iyo munaaradda iftiinka ee ku xigta
*Kaniisadda Nossa Senhora da Luz (Our Lady of Light), oo la furay 1872
*[[Salinas of the English Port|Salinas-ka Dekadda Ingiriiska]]

==Taariikhda dadka==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Tirada dadka taariikhiga ah
|- bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka 
|-
| 1990 (''23 Juun'', Tirakoob) || 1,573 
|-
| 2000 (''16 Juun'', Tirakoob) || 2,673 
|-
| 2010 (Tirakoob) || 2,971 
|}

==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah==
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Loures]], [[Portugal]]

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka Kabo Verde]]
*[[Dalxiiska Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
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      <contributor>
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        <id>28368</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2633" sha1="fo6onray6ra29fqhbn0b2bhppq344rd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Porto Inglês
| image_skyline = Selezione 001.png
| image_size = 
| image_caption = 
| coordinates = {{coord|15.138|-23.211|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 61111
| elevation = 10
}}

'''Porto Inglês''' (af-Bortaqiis: &quot;Dekadda Ingiriiska&quot;, sidoo kale: ''Cidade do Maio'', ''Vila do Maio'') waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Maio, Cape Verde|Maio]] ee koonfur-bari ee [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waa degaanka ugu weyn magaalada ee jasiiradda, waana xarunta [[Maio, Cape Verde|Degmada Maio]]. Dadkeedu wuxuu ahaa 2,971 sannadkii 2010. Magaca Porto Inglês wuxuu tixraacayaa maraakiibtii Ingiriiska ee dhoofin jiray milixda lagu soo saaro jasiiradda Maio oo laga dhoofin jiray magaaladan. Ka faa'iidaysiga milixdu wuxuu socday ilaa qarnigii 19-aad.&lt;ref&gt;[http://municipiodomaio.cv/historia-2/ Historia] {{Wayback|url=http://municipiodomaio.cv/historia-2/ |date=20240908164535 }}, Municipio do Maio {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalkii aan la kala badin ee [[Battle of Maio|Dagaalkii Maio]] ayaa ka dhacay inta u dhaxaysa guutooyinka [[frigate|maraakiibta dagaalka]] ee Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska meel u dhow magaalada 23 Janaayo 1814, marxaladihii ugu dambeeyay ee [[Napoleonic Wars|Dagaalladii Napoleonic]].

Dekadda Porto Inglês waxay leedahay adeegyo doonyo oo aada [[Praia]] oo ku taal jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]]. Waxa kale oo ay xubin ka tahay dekedaha [[International Association of Ports and Harbors]] (IAPH).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iaphworldports.org/iaph-md/directory/port_details/17 IAPH Member Ports]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Maio Airport|Garoonka diyaaradaha ee Maio]] wuxuu ku yaallaa 1&amp;nbsp;km waqooyiga magaalada.

Goobaha caanka ah: 
*[[Forte de São José (Maio)|Forte de São José]] iyo munaaradda iftiinka ee ku xigta
*Kaniisadda Nossa Senhora da Luz (Our Lady of Light), oo la furay 1872
*[[Salinas of the English Port|Salinas-ka Dekadda Ingiriiska]]

==Taariikhda dadka==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Tirada dadka taariikhiga ah
|- bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot;
! Sannad !! Dadka 
|-
| 1990 (''23 Juun'', Tirakoob) || 1,573 
|-
| 2000 (''16 Juun'', Tirakoob) || 2,673 
|-
| 2010 (Tirakoob) || 2,971 
|}

==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah==
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Loures]], [[Portugal]]

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka Kabo Verde]]
*[[Dalxiiska Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>fo6onray6ra29fqhbn0b2bhppq344rd</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Barta Qorraxda, Kaab Farde</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>299045</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T17:59:40Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="2815" sha1="aou0sxkoox8mbq5qbjngbknq0j77gnc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Barta Qorraxda, Kaab Farde
| image_skyline          = Ponta_do_Sol,_Santo_Antao,_Cabo_Verde_2017-04_--1.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = Muuqaalka Ponta do Sol
| coordinates = {{coord|17.202|-25.093|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| postal_code = 1120
| key        = 11202
| area = 
| elevation = 49
}}
'''Ponta do Sol''' (hore: ''Vila Dona Maria Pia'') waa magaalada ugu waqooyi&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ee jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]] iyo [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta, 4&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande]] iyo 20&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi ka xigta caasimadda jasiiradda [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde|Porto Novo]]. Waa xarunta degmada [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde (degmo)|Ribeira Grande]].
[[File:Ponta do Sol 2.JPG|thumb|right|Bartamaha Ponta do Sol]][[File:Ponta do Sol - puerto.JPG|thumb|right|Dekadda kalluumeysiga ee Ponta do Sol]]

Ponta do Sol waxay u qaybsantaa xaafadaha Casinhas, Cavouquinho das Tintas, Chã de Cemitério, Chã de Ponta do Sol, Lombinho, Lombo da Cruz, Lombo de Paço, Os Órgãos, Ponta do Sol iyo Ribeira da Ponta do Sol.

Ponta do Sol magaceeda waxay ka qaadatay gacan-biyoodka u dhow ee [[Ponta do Sol (Santo Antão promontory)|Ponta do Sol]], oo ah barta ugu waqooyi ee Kabo Verde. Magacii hore ee ''Vila Dona María Pia'' wuxuu tixraacayaa [[Maria Pia of Savoy]], boqoraddii Bortaqiiska intii u dhaxaysay 1862 iyo 1889. Horumarinta magaalada ee Ponta do Sol waxay bilaabatay 1880-meeyadii; ka hor, waxay ahayd tuulo kalluumeysi oo yar.&lt;ref name=lopes&gt;[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38681304.pdf Revitalização dos patrimónios arquitectónicos da cidade da Ponta do Sol], António Carlos Oliveira Lopes, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|25}} Kaniisadda ''Nossa Senhora do Livramento'' waxaa la dhisay 1894.&lt;ref name=lopes/&gt;{{rp|37–38}} Waxaa magaalada ku yaal qabuuro Yuhuudi ah.&lt;ref name=lopes/&gt;{{rp|52–53}}

==Taariikhda dadka==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- 
! Sannad !! Dadka 
|-
| 1990 (Tirakoob)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/CapeVerde.html Kabo Verde], www.citypopulation.de&lt;/ref&gt; || 1,505 
|-
| 2010 (Tirakoob)&lt;ref name=census10/&gt; || 2,143
|}

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Jorge Ferreira Chaves]], naqshadeeye Bortaqiis ah
*[[Raul Pires Ferreira Chaves]], shaqaale Bortaqiis ah

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{stack|{{Portal|Africa}}}}		
*[[Garoonka Agostinho Neto]]
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*{{commons category inline|Ponta do Sol (Kabo Verde)}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>299046</id>
      <parentid>299045</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Xiriirinta dibadda */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2815" sha1="jd8igh1cdlkx626ckapo91agqgiylxt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Barta Qorraxda, Kaab Farde
| image_skyline          = Ponta_do_Sol,_Santo_Antao,_Cabo_Verde_2017-04_--1.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = Muuqaalka Ponta do Sol
| coordinates = {{coord|17.202|-25.093|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| postal_code = 1120
| key        = 11202
| area = 
| elevation = 49
}}
'''Ponta do Sol''' (hore: ''Vila Dona Maria Pia'') waa magaalada ugu waqooyi&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ee jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]] iyo [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta, 4&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde|Ribeira Grande]] iyo 20&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi ka xigta caasimadda jasiiradda [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde|Porto Novo]]. Waa xarunta degmada [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde (degmo)|Ribeira Grande]].
[[File:Ponta do Sol 2.JPG|thumb|right|Bartamaha Ponta do Sol]][[File:Ponta do Sol - puerto.JPG|thumb|right|Dekadda kalluumeysiga ee Ponta do Sol]]

Ponta do Sol waxay u qaybsantaa xaafadaha Casinhas, Cavouquinho das Tintas, Chã de Cemitério, Chã de Ponta do Sol, Lombinho, Lombo da Cruz, Lombo de Paço, Os Órgãos, Ponta do Sol iyo Ribeira da Ponta do Sol.

Ponta do Sol magaceeda waxay ka qaadatay gacan-biyoodka u dhow ee [[Ponta do Sol (Santo Antão promontory)|Ponta do Sol]], oo ah barta ugu waqooyi ee Kabo Verde. Magacii hore ee ''Vila Dona María Pia'' wuxuu tixraacayaa [[Maria Pia of Savoy]], boqoraddii Bortaqiiska intii u dhaxaysay 1862 iyo 1889. Horumarinta magaalada ee Ponta do Sol waxay bilaabatay 1880-meeyadii; ka hor, waxay ahayd tuulo kalluumeysi oo yar.&lt;ref name=lopes&gt;[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38681304.pdf Revitalização dos patrimónios arquitectónicos da cidade da Ponta do Sol], António Carlos Oliveira Lopes, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|25}} Kaniisadda ''Nossa Senhora do Livramento'' waxaa la dhisay 1894.&lt;ref name=lopes/&gt;{{rp|37–38}} Waxaa magaalada ku yaal qabuuro Yuhuudi ah.&lt;ref name=lopes/&gt;{{rp|52–53}}

==Taariikhda dadka==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- 
! Sannad !! Dadka 
|-
| 1990 (Tirakoob)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/CapeVerde.html Kabo Verde], www.citypopulation.de&lt;/ref&gt; || 1,505 
|-
| 2010 (Tirakoob)&lt;ref name=census10/&gt; || 2,143
|}

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Jorge Ferreira Chaves]], naqshadeeye Bortaqiis ah
*[[Raul Pires Ferreira Chaves]], shaqaale Bortaqiis ah

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{stack|{{Portal|Africa}}}}		
*[[Garoonka Agostinho Neto]]
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*{{Commons category-inline|Ponta do Sol (Kabo Verde)}}</text>
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    <title>Pedra de Lume</title>
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      <text bytes="4090" sha1="a0q58agtjvl87i0ej7sqrky2j0hoyz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Pedra de Lume
| image_skyline   = Pedra Lume CV.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption   = 
| coordinates = {{coord|16.763|-22.895|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 41102
| elevation = 3
}}
'''Pedra de Lume''' waa tuulo ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Tuuladu waxay ku taal xeebta bari, qiyaastii 5&amp;nbsp;km bari ka xigta caasimadda jasiiradda [[Espargos]]. Waxay leedahay deked yar iyo munaaradda iftiinka, [[Farol de Pedra de Lume|Farol de Pedra de Lume]].

==Balliyada milixda==
Pedra de Lume waxay caan ku tahay [[balliyada uumiga milixda]] (''salinas''),&lt;ref name=Ensaios&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=k7AtAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA182 Ensaios sobre a statistica das possessões portuguezas na Africa occidental e oriental; na Asia occidental; na China, e na Oceania: escriptos de Ordem do Governo de sua Magestade Fidelissima a Senhora D. Maria II por José Joaquim Lopes de Lima ...], Imprensa Nacional, 1844, bogga 182&lt;/ref&gt; oo ka faa'iidaysigoodu uu bilaabmay qarnigii 18-aad. Sida ay sheegeen juqraafiyeedyadu, biyaha harada ku jira waxay ka soo baxaan moolka dhulka halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen dhuuxidda dhinaca badda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.umassd.edu/SpecialPrograms/caboverde/salhist.html|title=A History of Ilha do Sal|author=Ray Almeida|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206120818/http://www1.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/salhist.html |archive-date= 6 February 2016 |url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salinas-ku waxay ku yaalliin hogga volcano bakhtiyay. Iyada oo ay la socoto buurta [[Cagarral]], salinas-ka iyo hoggu waxay samaystaan ​​[[Liiska aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Kabo Verde|muuqaal la ilaaliyo]], oo daboolaya {{convert|8.02|km2|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=resol&gt;[http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf Resolução nº 36/2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118230515/http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf |date=2021-01-18 }}, Estratégia e Plano Nacional de Negócios das Áreas Protegidas&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.areasprotegidas.gov.cv/images/Paisagens%20Protegidas_pdf.pdf Paisagens Protegidas], Áreas protegidas Cabo Verde&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:2014 Cape Verde. Sal. Saltkratern (2).JPEG|thumb|Haradii hogga]]
[[File:Pedra Lume Cabo Verde.jpg|thumb|right|Dekadda Pedra de Lume]]

==Taariikh==
[[File:Salines du Cap Vert 1925.jpg|thumb|Saamiga Salins du Cap Vert, la soo saaray 18 Maajo 1925]]
Pedra de Lume waxaa aasaasay [[Manuel António Martins]], kaas oo bilaabay ka faa'iidaysiga balliyada milixda 1796.&lt;ref name=wh&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6106/ Salines de Pedra de Lume], Liiska hordhaca ah ee Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO {{in lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tunnel loo dhisay balliyada milixda ayaa la dhisay 1804, iyo deked 1805.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cmsal.cv/historia.html História da Ilha do Sal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621132039/http://www.cmsal.cv/historia.html |date=2018-06-21 }}, Câmara Municipal do Sal&lt;/ref&gt; Soosaarka milixdu wuxuu barwaaqoobay inta badan qarnigii 19-aad, laakiin wuxuu hoos u dhacay ka dib 1887, markii Brazil, oo ahayd meesha ugu weyn ee loo dhoofiyo, ay mamnuucday milixda la soo dhoofiyo.&lt;ref name=wh/&gt; Soosaarka milixda waxaa dib u soo nooleeyay shirkadda Faransiiska ah ee ''Salins du Cap Vert'', taas oo rakibtay 1100 m [[aerial tramway]] oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka milixda 1921. Wax soo saarka hadda waa yar yahay, waxaana inta badan loogu talagalay alaabta qurxinta iyo [[thalassotherapy]].&lt;ref name=wh/&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Ildo Lobo]], fannaan
*[[Mirri Lobo]], fannaan

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Africa}}
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]
*[[Liiska aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Video ==
* Dokumentari gaaban oo BBC ah oo ku saabsan balliyada uumiga milixda [https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0hjd77r/cape-verde-s-stunning-salt-mines]

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{stack|}}		
{{Commons category-inline|Pedra de Lume}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pedra Lume}}</text>
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      <text bytes="4093" sha1="h53g159gtud9wow6jd9i6tc2p9e3dbw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Pedra de Lume
| image_skyline   = Pedra Lume CV.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption   = 
| coordinates = {{coord|16.763|-22.895|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 41102
| elevation = 3
}}
'''Pedra de Lume''' waa tuulo ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Tuuladu waxay ku taal xeebta bari, qiyaastii 5&amp;nbsp;km bari ka xigta caasimadda jasiiradda [[Espargos]]. Waxay leedahay deked yar iyo munaaradda iftiinka, [[Farol de Pedra de Lume|Farol de Pedra de Lume]].

==Balliyada milixda==
Pedra de Lume waxay caan ku tahay [[balliyada uumiga milixda]] (''salinas''),&lt;ref name=Ensaios&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=k7AtAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA182 Ensaios sobre a statistica das possessões portuguezas na Africa occidental e oriental; na Asia occidental; na China, e na Oceania: escriptos de Ordem do Governo de sua Magestade Fidelissima a Senhora D. Maria II por José Joaquim Lopes de Lima ...], Imprensa Nacional, 1844, bogga 182&lt;/ref&gt; oo ka faa'iidaysigoodu uu bilaabmay qarnigii 18-aad. Sida ay sheegeen juqraafiyeedyadu, biyaha harada ku jira waxay ka soo baxaan moolka dhulka halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen dhuuxidda dhinaca badda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.umassd.edu/SpecialPrograms/caboverde/salhist.html|title=A History of Ilha do Sal|author=Ray Almeida|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206120818/http://www1.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/salhist.html |archive-date= 6 February 2016 |url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salinas-ku waxay ku yaalliin hogga volcano bakhtiyay. Iyada oo ay la socoto buurta [[Cagarral]], salinas-ka iyo hoggu waxay samaystaan ​​[[Liiska aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Kabo Verde|muuqaal la ilaaliyo]], oo daboolaya {{convert|8.02|km2|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=resol&gt;[http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf Resolução nº 36/2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118230515/http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf |date=2021-01-18 }}, Estratégia e Plano Nacional de Negócios das Áreas Protegidas&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.areasprotegidas.gov.cv/images/Paisagens%20Protegidas_pdf.pdf Paisagens Protegidas], Áreas protegidas Cabo Verde&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:2014 Cape Verde. Sal. Saltkratern (2).JPEG|thumb|Haradii hogga]]
[[File:Pedra Lume Cabo Verde.jpg|thumb|right|Dekadda Pedra de Lume]]

==Taariikh==
[[File:Salines du Cap Vert 1925.jpg|thumb|Saamiga Salins du Cap Vert, la soo saaray 18 Maajo 1925]]
Pedra de Lume waxaa aasaasay [[Manuel António Martins]], kaas oo bilaabay ka faa'iidaysiga balliyada milixda 1796.&lt;ref name=wh&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6106/ Salines de Pedra de Lume], Liiska hordhaca ah ee Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO {{in lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tunnel loo dhisay balliyada milixda ayaa la dhisay 1804, iyo deked 1805.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cmsal.cv/historia.html História da Ilha do Sal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621132039/http://www.cmsal.cv/historia.html |date=2018-06-21 }}, Câmara Municipal do Sal&lt;/ref&gt; Soosaarka milixdu wuxuu barwaaqoobay inta badan qarnigii 19-aad, laakiin wuxuu hoos u dhacay ka dib 1887, markii Brazil, oo ahayd meesha ugu weyn ee loo dhoofiyo, ay mamnuucday milixda la soo dhoofiyo.&lt;ref name=wh/&gt; Soosaarka milixda waxaa dib u soo nooleeyay shirkadda Faransiiska ah ee ''Salins du Cap Vert'', taas oo rakibtay 1100 m [[aerial tramway]] oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka milixda 1921. Wax soo saarka hadda waa yar yahay, waxaana inta badan loogu talagalay alaabta qurxinta iyo [[thalassotherapy]].&lt;ref name=wh/&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Ildo Lobo]], fannaan
*[[Mirri Lobo]], fannaan

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Africa}}
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]
*[[Liiska aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Fiidiyow ==
* Dokumentari gaaban oo BBC ah oo ku saabsan balliyada uumiga milixda [https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0hjd77r/cape-verde-s-stunning-salt-mines]

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{stack|}}		
{{Commons category-inline|Pedra de Lume}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pedra Lume}}</text>
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      <text bytes="4253" sha1="3888o031n2vjtr0iunn5svyl67z6v1b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Pedra de Lume
| image_skyline   = Pedra Lume CV.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption   = 
| coordinates = {{coord|16.763|-22.895|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 41102
| elevation = 3
}}
'''Pedra de Lume''' waa tuulo ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Tuuladu waxay ku taal xeebta bari, qiyaastii 5&amp;nbsp;km bari ka xigta caasimadda jasiiradda [[Espargos]]. Waxay leedahay deked yar iyo munaaradda iftiinka, [[Farol de Pedra de Lume|Farol de Pedra de Lume]].

==Balliyada milixda==
Pedra de Lume waxay caan ku tahay [[balliyada uumiga milixda]] (''salinas''),&lt;ref name=Ensaios&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=k7AtAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA182 Ensaios sobre a statistica das possessões portuguezas na Africa occidental e oriental; na Asia occidental; na China, e na Oceania: escriptos de Ordem do Governo de sua Magestade Fidelissima a Senhora D. Maria II por José Joaquim Lopes de Lima ...], Imprensa Nacional, 1844, bogga 182&lt;/ref&gt; oo ka faa'iidaysigoodu uu bilaabmay qarnigii 18-aad. Sida ay sheegeen juqraafiyeedyadu, biyaha harada ku jira waxay ka soo baxaan moolka dhulka halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen dhuuxidda dhinaca badda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.umassd.edu/SpecialPrograms/caboverde/salhist.html|title=A History of Ilha do Sal|author=Ray Almeida|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206120818/http://www1.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/salhist.html |archive-date= 6 February 2016 |url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salinas-ku waxay ku yaalliin hogga volcano bakhtiyay. Iyada oo ay la socoto buurta [[Cagarral]], salinas-ka iyo hoggu waxay samaystaan ​​[[Liiska aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Kabo Verde|muuqaal la ilaaliyo]], oo daboolaya {{convert|8.02|km2|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=resol&gt;[http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf Resolução nº 36/2016] {{Wayback|url=http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf |date=20210118230515 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118230515/http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf |date=2021-01-18 }}, Estratégia e Plano Nacional de Negócios das Áreas Protegidas&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.areasprotegidas.gov.cv/images/Paisagens%20Protegidas_pdf.pdf Paisagens Protegidas], Áreas protegidas Cabo Verde&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:2014 Cape Verde. Sal. Saltkratern (2).JPEG|thumb|Haradii hogga]]
[[File:Pedra Lume Cabo Verde.jpg|thumb|right|Dekadda Pedra de Lume]]

==Taariikh==
[[File:Salines du Cap Vert 1925.jpg|thumb|Saamiga Salins du Cap Vert, la soo saaray 18 Maajo 1925]]
Pedra de Lume waxaa aasaasay [[Manuel António Martins]], kaas oo bilaabay ka faa'iidaysiga balliyada milixda 1796.&lt;ref name=wh&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6106/ Salines de Pedra de Lume], Liiska hordhaca ah ee Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO {{in lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tunnel loo dhisay balliyada milixda ayaa la dhisay 1804, iyo deked 1805.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cmsal.cv/historia.html História da Ilha do Sal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cmsal.cv/historia.html |date=20180621132039 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621132039/http://www.cmsal.cv/historia.html |date=2018-06-21 }}, Câmara Municipal do Sal&lt;/ref&gt; Soosaarka milixdu wuxuu barwaaqoobay inta badan qarnigii 19-aad, laakiin wuxuu hoos u dhacay ka dib 1887, markii Brazil, oo ahayd meesha ugu weyn ee loo dhoofiyo, ay mamnuucday milixda la soo dhoofiyo.&lt;ref name=wh/&gt; Soosaarka milixda waxaa dib u soo nooleeyay shirkadda Faransiiska ah ee ''Salins du Cap Vert'', taas oo rakibtay 1100 m [[aerial tramway]] oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka milixda 1921. Wax soo saarka hadda waa yar yahay, waxaana inta badan loogu talagalay alaabta qurxinta iyo [[thalassotherapy]].&lt;ref name=wh/&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Ildo Lobo]], fannaan
*[[Mirri Lobo]], fannaan

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Africa}}
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]
*[[Liiska aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

== Fiidiyow ==
* Dokumentari gaaban oo BBC ah oo ku saabsan balliyada uumiga milixda [https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0hjd77r/cape-verde-s-stunning-salt-mines]

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{stack|}}		
{{Commons category-inline|Pedra de Lume}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pedra Lume}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pedra Badejo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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| name       = Pedra Badejo
| image_skyline          = PedraBadejo.JPG
| image_size = 
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{coord|15.137|-23.534|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 73123 
| postal_code = 7410
| elevation = 35
}}
'''Pedra Badejo''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], bogga 32-33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta bari ee jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta bari, {{cvt|25|km}} waqooyiga caasimadda jasiiradda [[Praia]], {{cvt|8|km}} koonfur-bari ee [[Calheta de São Miguel]] iyo {{cvt|15|km}} bari ka xigta [[Assomada]]. Waa xarunta degmada [[Santa Cruz, Cape Verde|Santa Cruz]]. Tirakoobkii 2010, magaaladu waxay lahayd 9,859 qof.&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
[[File:PedraBadejoRuaPrincipal.jpg|thumb|left|Waddada Weyn.]][[File:PedraBadejoPorto.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaalka dekedda.]][[File:PedraBadejoPlazaMayor.jpg|thumb|left|Goobta Suuqa iyo taallada.]]

==Taariikh==

Sannadkii 1971, Pedra Badejo waxay qayb ka noqotay degmada cusub ee Santa Cruz, Pedra Badejo-na waxay noqotay xarunteeda. Sannadkii 2010, magaalada Pedra Badejo waxaa la siiyay heerka magaalada.&lt;ref name=yearbook/&gt;

==Muuqaalka Magaalada==
Waxaa jira dukaamo badan oo ku yaal Waddada Weyn iyo Goobta Suuqa. Dalxiisayaal badan oo ka yimaada Praia ayaa booqda xeebta oo ku dhow bartamaha magaalada. Xarun caafimaad oo hore oo u dhow xeebta ayaa loo beddelay huteel.&lt;ref name=reitm&gt;Reitmaier, Pitt: ''Cabo Verde'', bogga 364-5. Bielefeld 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:PedraBadejoIrrigation.jpg|thumb|right|Dhul waraab leh oo ku yaal magaalada.]][[File:PedraBadejoIgreja.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Kaniisadda Cusub ee Rasuullada.]]
Pedra Badejo waxay leedahay deked kalluumeysi oo yar iyo ugu yaraan shan kaniisadood: Kaniisadda Katooliga ee casriga ah waxay ku taal qaybta cusub ee sare ee magaalada, iyo [[New Apostolic Church|Kaniisadda Cusub ee Rasuullada]] oo yar waxay ku taal Waddada Weyn. Kaniisadda Presbyterian, Kaniisadda Nazarene, iyo kaniisadda Baptist ayaa sidoo kale u adeega bulshada.

Koonfur-bari ee magaalada waxaa ku yaal [[Lagoas de Pedra Badejo]], oo ah aag muhiim ah oo dhul-qoyan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6141|title=Pedra Badejo Lagoons|publisher=BirdLife International}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaaladu waxay ku hareeraysan tahay dhul waraab leh. Haro macmal ah (''[[Barragem de Poilão]]'') ayaa laga dhisay inta u dhaxaysa tuulooyinka Poilão iyo [[Levada, Cape Verde|Levada]] iyadoo la isticmaalayo biyo-xireen la dhammaystiray 2006.&lt;ref name=reitm/&gt; Kaydka biyuhu wuxuu leeyahay awood dhan 1.7 milyan oo mitir kuyuubik taasoo suurtagelinaysa [[drip irrigation|waraabka dhibcaha]] ee 64 hektar oo dhul ah oo u dhiganta ilaa 100 beerood.&lt;ref&gt;''A Semana'', 29 de Outubro de 2009, http://asemana.sapo.cv.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha biyo-xireenkii ugu horreeyay ee shubka ah ee Kabo Verde waxaa bixiyay oo qorsheeyay Shiinaha. Waxaa jira goob macluumaad oo ku taal koonfurta harada macmalka ah halkaas oo lagu daawan karo qaar ka mid ah shimbiraha naadirka ah.

==Demograafiya==
{| class=wikitable
! Sannad !! Dadka
|-
| 1990 || 5,302
|-
| 2000 || 8,492
|-
| 2010 || 9,859&lt;ref name=census10/&gt;
|}

==Gaadiidka==
Wadada qaran ee ka timaada Praia una socota Tarrafal iyada oo sii marta Calheta de São Miguel (EN1-ST02) ayaa dhex marta Pedra Badejo. Adeegyada minibaska (yasi ama hilux) ayaa laga bixiyaa Pedra Badejo waxayna isku xiraan magaalooyinka Praia iyo Tarrafal. Waxay ku dhowdahay 30&amp;nbsp;km [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Nelson Mandela]] iyo 33&amp;nbsp;km [[Praia Harbor|dekedda doonyaha ee Praia]].

==Dadka caanka ah==
*[[Lito (Cape Verdean footballer)|Lito]], ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah, hadda waa tababaraha Sporting Praia
*[[Djaniny]], ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah
*[[Elida Almeida]], fannaanad

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.rtc.cv/index.php?paginas=13&amp;id_cod=13193 Soo bandhigidda &quot;Muuqaalka Magaalada&quot; ee Pedra Badejo&quot;], [[RTC (Cape Verde)|RTC]] muuqaal, 2 Noofambar 2011 {{in lang|pt}}</text>
      <sha1>0ljt5rzd2b1fkutu1d0goftcvn9thn9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Monte Trigo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47690</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299050</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:15:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299050</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1018" sha1="7yro0gw9m4orav4w45vhd9plziy7o8v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Monte Trigo
| image_skyline          = Santo Antão 294A9781 Monte Trigo.jpg
| image_caption          = 
| coordinates = {{coord|17.021|-25.331|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map  = 
| key        = 13206
| area = 
| elevation = 2
}}
'''Monte Trigo''' waa degaanka ugu galbeedsan ee jasiiradda [[Santo Antão, Cape Verde|Santo Antão]], [[Cape Verde|Kabo Verde]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta, xagga hoose ee [[Tope de Coroa]], oo ah buurta ugu sarreysa jasiiradda. Waxay 28 km u jirtaa dhinaca galbeed ee caasimadda jasiiradda [[Porto Novo, Cape Verde|Porto Novo]]. Sannadkii 2010 tirada dadkeedu waxay ahayd 274. Qiyaastii 5 km dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed waa [[Ponta do Chão de Mangrade]], oo ah barta ugu galbeedsan ee Afrika oo dhan (oo ay la socoto dhul-weynaha iyo jasiiradaha ku xeeran). 

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde#Santo Antão|Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degaannada Kabo Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>7yro0gw9m4orav4w45vhd9plziy7o8v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Infobox ship</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>47691</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299052</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:24:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: require('strict');  local utilities = require ('Module:WPSHIPS_utilities'); local infobox = require ('Module:Infobox').infobox; local infobox_ship_flag = utilities._infobox_ship_flag; local ship_name_format = utilities._ship_name_format; local synonym_check = utilities._synonym_check; local unbulleted_list = utilities._unbulleted_list;  local get_args = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;  local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Infobox_ship/data');   --[[--------------------------&lt;...</comment>
      <origin>299052</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="23279" sha1="1n7isz69sqh3qgv4y2pmxw1f0r4wwy5" xml:space="preserve">require('strict');

local utilities = require ('Module:WPSHIPS_utilities');
local infobox = require ('Module:Infobox').infobox;
local infobox_ship_flag = utilities._infobox_ship_flag;
local ship_name_format = utilities._ship_name_format;
local synonym_check = utilities._synonym_check;
local unbulleted_list = utilities._unbulleted_list;

local get_args = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;

local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Infobox_ship/data');


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N E _ I T E M S &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

spin through &lt;params_t&gt; sequence.  Get parameter name and matching infobox label.  Look in &lt;args_t&gt; for parameter name.  When parameter
name has a value, add infobox label and parameter value to the infobox table &lt;infobox_ship_t&gt;.  &lt;i&gt; identifies where label and data
enumerators begin.

]]

local function line_items (args_t, params_t, infobox_ship_t, i, frame)
	for _, v in ipairs (params_t) do											-- v is a sequence table with parameter name and associated infobox label
		if args_t[v[1]] then													-- if parameter has a value
			infobox_ship_t['label' .. i] = v[2];								-- add the label
			infobox_ship_t['data' .. i] = unbulleted_list (args_t[v[1]]);		-- and add the parameter value as data
			i = i + 1;															-- bump the enumerator
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ W A R N I N G &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

for unknown parameters, add a message in the edit-preview message box

&lt;template&gt; is the name of the enclosing infobox ship or one of the subtemplates
&lt;k&gt; is the parameter name
&lt;v&gt; is the parameter value

]]

local function add_warning (template, k, v)
	v = v:gsub (data.stripmarker, '');											-- suppress stripmarkers in the warning message
	mw.addWarning (string.format (data.warning_fmt_str, data.warn_span_style, data.warn_code_style, template, template, data.warn_code_style, k, v));
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; U N K N O W N _ P A R A M S _C H E C K &gt;---------------------------------------

check parameters supplied in &lt;template&gt; against known parameters for that template.  Emit preview warning when
a parameter is unknown.

Empty unknown parameters are not identified because Module:Arguments removes blank parameters by default.

]]

local function unknown_params_check (args_t, known_params_t, template)
	local has_unknown_params = false;

	for k, v in pairs (args_t) do
		if 'string' == type (k) then
			local param = k:gsub ('%d+$', '#');									-- for enumerated parameters, replace enumerator with '#'
			if not known_params_t[param] then
				add_warning (template, k, v);									-- add warning message when &lt;param&gt; is not known for &lt;template&gt;
				has_unknown_params = data.cat_this_namespace;					-- add unknown params category when infobox is rendered; mainspace and draftspace only
			end
		else																	-- here when &lt;k&gt; not a string (likely a positional parameter)
			add_warning (template, k, v);										-- add warning message when &lt;param&gt; is not known for &lt;template&gt;
			has_unknown_params = data.cat_this_namespace;						-- add unknown params category when infobox is rendered; mainspace and draftspace only
		end
	end
	return has_unknown_params;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I N A L _ R E N D E R I N G &gt;------------------------------------------------

final rendering for the various subtemplates

]]

local function final_rendering (infobox_ship_t, frame, has_unknown_params, template)
	if 'yes' ~= infobox_ship_t.child then										-- when not 'yes', we are in stand-alone mode
		infobox_ship_t.bodyclass = 'ib-ship';									-- use basic infobox css for stand-alone mode
		infobox_ship_t.templatestyles = data.templatestyles -- apply templatestyles
		return table.concat ({			
				infobox (infobox_ship_t),										-- render the infobox
				(has_unknown_params and data.categories_t.unknown) or ''		-- add category for any unknown parameters
			});
	else
		infobox_ship_t.label100 = '__1B0X_5H1P__';
		infobox_ship_t.data100 = template
		return frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = infobox_ship_t});	-- return a rendering of this infobox
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D I S P L A Y T I T L E _ M A K E &gt;--------------------------------------------

account for namespace when creating {{DIPSLAYSTYLE}} magic word

]]

local function DISPLAYTITLE_make (display_title)
	local namespace_name = data.namespace_number ~= 0 and (data.namespace_name .. ':') or '';	-- no namespace prefix for articles in mainspace

	return string.format ('{{DISPLAYTITLE:%s%s}}', namespace_name, display_title);	-- construct magic word
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X _ S H I P _ B E G I N &gt;------------------------------------------

fill infobox table parameters 'bodystyle' and 'title' (infobox caption); auto-article title formatting ({{DISPLAYTITLE}})

TODO: can we make |infobox_caption=yes render the caption in the same format as the displayed article title?  Do
this instead of forcing editors to write and format the caption manually when the article title doesn't have ship
prefix or disambiguation.

]]

local function infobox_ship_begin (args_t, infobox_ship_t, frame)
	local name = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text;

	infobox_ship_t['bodyclass'] = 'ib-ship';

	if args_t.infobox_caption then
		if 'yes' == args_t.infobox_caption then									-- format article title as infobox caption
			infobox_ship_t.title = ship_name_format ({name=name, adj='off', showerrs=args_t.showerrs, sclass=args_t.sclass});
		elseif 'nodab' == args_t.infobox_caption then							-- format article title without disambiguation as infobox caption
			infobox_ship_t.title = ship_name_format ({name=name, dab='none', showerrs=args_t.showerrs});
		else																	-- use value supplied in |infobox_caption= as infobox caption
			infobox_ship_t.title = args_t.infobox_caption;
		end
	else
		infobox_ship_t.title = '';												-- to allow for possible displaytitle concatenation
	end

	if args_t.display_title then
		if 'ital' == args_t.display_title then									-- use {{italic title}} template
			infobox_ship_t.title = infobox_ship_t.title .. require ('Module:italic title')._main ({});	-- {{italic title}} without template overhead
		elseif ('none' ~= args_t.display_title) then							-- any value but 'none'	use value in |display_title= for {{DISPLAYTITLE}} magic word
			infobox_ship_t.title = infobox_ship_t.title .. frame:preprocess (DISPLAYTITLE_make (args_t.display_title));
		end
	else																		-- |display_title= empty or omitted, use article title
		infobox_ship_t.title = infobox_ship_t.title .. frame:preprocess (DISPLAYTITLE_make (ship_name_format ({name=name, sclass=args_t.sclass})));
	end
end	


--[[--------------------------&lt; I M A G E _ P A R A M S _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

emit maint cat and warning message when:
	- |image_caption= and/or |image_alt= have a value but |image= does not have a value.
	- |image_size=300px
	- |image= has extended image syntax

]]

local function image_params_check (args_t)
	local image_warning_flag;													-- flag; true when ibox has |image_alt= or |image_caption= but no |image=
	local template_name = 'Infobox ship/image';

	local image_link = args_t.image and args_t.image:match ('^%b[]');			-- get first wikilink in |image= if any
	if image_link and (image_link:match ('%[%[%s*[Ff]ile:') or image_link:match ('%[%[%s*[Ii]mage:')) then	-- check for |image= with extended image syntax
		mw.addWarning (string.format (data.image_EIS_warning_fmt_str, data.warn_span_style, data.warn_code_style, template_name, template_name, data.warn_code_style));	-- extended image syntax found add warning
		image_warning_flag = true;
	end
	
	if args_t.image_size and args_t.image_size:match ('300') then				-- 300 is default size so this parameter/value pair superfluous
		mw.addWarning (string.format (data.image_size_warning_fmt_str, data.warn_span_style, data.warn_code_style, template_name, template_name, data.warn_code_style));	-- add warning
		image_warning_flag = true;
	end

	if not args_t.image and (args_t.image_caption or args_t.image_alt) then		-- caption or alt without image is meaningless
		mw.addWarning (string.format (data.image_missing_warning_fmt_str, data.warn_span_style, data.warn_code_style, template_name, template_name, data.warn_code_style, data.warn_code_style, data.warn_code_style, data.warn_code_style));	-- add warning
		image_warning_flag = true;
	end
	
	return image_warning_flag;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X _ S H I P _ I M A G E &gt;------------------------------------------

{{#invoke:Infobox ship|infobox_ship_image}} – for stand-alone mode

Returns a child infobox for Infobox ship/image unless |child=no for a stand-alone rendering

images in {{infobox ship}} default to 300px; upright is ignored

]]

local function infobox_ship_image (frame)
	local template_name = 'Infobox ship/image';
	local args_t = get_args (frame);

	local image_warning_flag = image_params_check (args_t) and data.cat_this_namespace;	-- categorize any image warnings
	local non_std_img_size_flag = args_t.image_size and not args_t.image_size:match ('300') and data.cat_this_namespace;	-- not a warning; categorize non-standar image size use
	
	local infobox_ship_t = {
		child = args_t.child or 'yes';											-- default to child
		image1 = require ('Module:InfoboxImage').InfoboxImage ({args = {'InfoboxImage', 'InfoboxImage', image=args_t.image, size=args_t.image_size, alt=args_t.image_alt, sizedefault = '300px'}});	-- upright='1' ignored
		caption1 = args_t.image_caption;
		}

	local has_unknown_params = unknown_params_check (frame:getParent().args, data.known_infobox_ship_image_params_t, template_name);	-- emit warning for all unknown parameters; even those that are empty

	return table.concat ({
		final_rendering (infobox_ship_t, frame, has_unknown_params, 'image'),	-- return final rendering of this infobox
		(has_unknown_params and data.categories_t.unknown) or '',
		(image_warning_flag and data.categories_t.image_syntax) or '',
		((not args_t.image) and (data.cat_this_namespace and data.categories_t.no_image)) or '',
		(non_std_img_size_flag and data.categories_t.non_std_img_size ) or '',
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X _ S H I P _ C A R E E R &gt;----------------------------------------

{{#invoke:Infobox ship|infobox_ship_career}} – for stand-alone mode

Returns a child infobox for Infobox ship/career unless |child=no for a stand-alone rendering

]]

local function infobox_ship_career (frame)
	local template_name = 'Infobox ship/career';
	local args_t = get_args (frame);
	args_t.hide_header= args_t.hide_header and args_t.hide_header:lower();		-- set to lowercase if set

	local infobox_ship_t = {
		child = args_t.child or 'yes';											-- default to child
		headerclass = 'ib-ship-country';
		}

	if args_t.infobox_caption then												-- special case for |infobox_caption=
		if 'yes' == infobox_ship_t.child then									-- if not stand-alone
			add_warning (template_name, 'infobox_caption', args_t.infobox_caption);	--emit preview warning message
		else
			infobox_ship_t.title = args_t.infobox_caption;						-- translate |infobox_caption= to |title= used by Module:Infobox
			args_t.infobox_caption = nil;										-- unset to avoid preview error message; no longer needed
		end
	end
		
	local i = 1;

	if 'yes' ~= args_t.hide_header then											-- |hide_header=yes then no header
		if not ('title' == args_t.hide_header) then								-- |hide_header=title then no title bar
			local spoof_t = {
				child = 'yes',													-- default to child
				decat = 'yes',													-- spoof infobox does not have data; don't categorize in Category:Articles using infobox templates with no data rows
				header1 = 'History',
				headerclass = &quot;ib-ship-history&quot;,
				}

			infobox_ship_t.data1 = frame:expandTemplate ({title='Infobox', args = spoof_t});	-- return a rendering of this spoof infobox
			i = i + 1;
		end

		if args_t.country and args_t.flag then
			infobox_ship_t['header' .. i] = infobox_ship_flag (args_t.flag) .. '&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:1em&quot;&gt;' .. args_t.country .. '&lt;/span&gt;';
		elseif args_t.country then
			infobox_ship_t['header' .. i] = args_t.country;
		elseif args_t.flag then
			infobox_ship_t['header' .. i] = infobox_ship_flag (args_t.flag);
		end
	end

	if infobox_ship_t['header' .. i] then
		i = i + 1;
	end
	
	local error_flag;
	error_flag = synonym_check (args_t, 'ship_stricken', 'ship_struck', error_flag);	-- error if both synonymous parameters set
	synonym_check (args_t, 'ship_honours', 'ship_honors', error_flag);

	line_items (args_t, data.infobox_career_params_t, infobox_ship_t, i, frame);		-- go do all of the other infobox parameters
	local has_unknown_params = unknown_params_check (frame:getParent().args, data.known_infobox_ship_career_params_t, 'Infobox ship/career');	-- emit warning for all unknown parameters; even those that are empty

	return table.concat ({
		final_rendering (infobox_ship_t, frame, has_unknown_params, 'career'),			-- return final rendering of this infobox
		(has_unknown_params and data.categories_t.unknown) or ''
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X _ S H I P _ C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S &gt;----------------------

{{#invoke:Infobox ship|infobox_ship_characteristics}} – for stand-alone mode

Returns a child infobox for Infobox ship/characteristics unless |child=no for a stand-alone rendering

]]

local function infobox_ship_characteristics (frame)
	local template_name = 'Infobox ship/characteristics';
	local args_t = get_args (frame);
	args_t.hide_header= args_t.hide_header and args_t.hide_header:lower();		-- set to lowercase if set

	local infobox_ship_t = {
		child = args_t.child or 'yes',											-- default to child
		headerclass = 'ib-ship-general'
		}
	
	if args_t.infobox_caption then												-- special case for |infobox_caption=
		if 'yes' == infobox_ship_t.child then									-- if not stand-alone
			add_warning (template_name, 'infobox_caption', args_t.infobox_caption);	--emit preview warning message
		else
			infobox_ship_t.title = args_t.infobox_caption;						-- translate |infobox_caption= to |title= used by Module:Infobox
			args_t.infobox_caption = nil;										-- unset to avoid preview error message; no longer needed
		end
	end
		
	local i = 1;

	if 'yes' ~= args_t.hide_header then											-- |hide_header=yes then no header
		local header = 'General characteristics';								-- the default header
		if args_t.header_caption then
			header = header .. ' ' .. args_t.header_caption;					-- concatenate |header_caption= onto default header
		end
		infobox_ship_t['header' .. i] = header;									-- add the header
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the enumerator
	end

	local error_flag;
	error_flag = synonym_check (args_t, 'ship_armour', 'ship_armor', error_flag);	-- error if both synonymous parameters set
	synonym_check (args_t, 'ship_draught', 'ship_draft', error_flag);				-- when both set modify with error message and category

	line_items (args_t, data.infobox_characteristics_params_t, infobox_ship_t, i, frame);	-- go do all of the other infobox parameters
	local has_unknown_params = unknown_params_check (frame:getParent().args, data.known_infobox_ship_characteristics_params_t, template_name);	-- emit warning for all unknown parameters; even those that are empty

	return table.concat ({
		final_rendering (infobox_ship_t, frame, has_unknown_params, 'characteristics'),			-- return final rendering of this infobox
		(has_unknown_params and data.categories_t.unknown) or ''
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X _ S H I P _ C L A S S _ O V E R V I E W &gt;------------------------

{{#invoke:Infobox ship|infobox_ship_class_overview}} – for stand-alone mode

Returns a child infobox for Infobox ship/class overview unless |child=no for a stand-alone rendering

]]

local function infobox_ship_class_overview (frame)
	local template_name = 'Infobox ship/class overview';
	local args_t = get_args (frame);
	args_t.hide_header= args_t.hide_header and args_t.hide_header:lower();		-- set to lowercase if set

	local infobox_ship_t = {
		child = args_t.child or 'yes',											-- default to child
		headerclass = 'ib-ship-general'
		}
	
	if args_t.infobox_caption then												-- special case for |infobox_caption=
		if 'yes' == infobox_ship_t.child then									-- if not stand-alone
			add_warning (template_name, 'infobox_caption', args_t.infobox_caption);	--emit preview warning message
		else
			infobox_ship_t.title = args_t.infobox_caption;						-- translate |infobox_caption= to |title= used by Module:Infobox
			args_t.infobox_caption = nil;										-- unset to avoid preview error message; no longer needed
		end
	end

	local i = 1;

	if 'yes' ~= args_t.hide_header then											-- |hide_header=yes then no header
		infobox_ship_t['header' .. i] = 'Class overview';						-- add the header
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the enumerator
	end

	synonym_check (args_t, 'total_ships_cancelled', 'total_ships_canceled', nil);	-- error if both synonymous parameters set

	line_items (args_t, data.infobox_class_overview_params_t, infobox_ship_t, i, frame);	-- go do all of the other infobox parameters
	local has_unknown_params = unknown_params_check (frame:getParent().args, data.known_infobox_ship_class_overview_params_t, template_name);	-- emit warning for all unknown parameters; even those that are empty

	return table.concat ({
		final_rendering (infobox_ship_t, frame, has_unknown_params, 'class overview'),			-- return final rendering of this infobox
		(has_unknown_params and data.categories_t.unknown) or ''
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X _ S H I P _ S E R V I C E _ R E C O R D &gt;------------------------

{{#invoke:Infobox ship|infobox_ship_service_record}} – for stand-alone mode

Returns a child infobox for Infobox ship/service record unless |child=no for a stand-alone rendering.  This
function implements the ship-only portion of {{Infobox service record}}; does not know about |is_ship= and
|is_multi= parameters.  Adds support for |hide_header= parameter

]]

local function infobox_ship_service_record (frame)
	local template_name = 'Infobox ship/service record';
	local args_t = get_args (frame);
	args_t.hide_header= args_t.hide_header and args_t.hide_header:lower();		-- set to lowercase if set

	local infobox_ship_t = {
		child = args_t.child or 'yes',											-- default to child
		headerclass = 'ib-ship-general'
		}
	
	if args_t.infobox_caption then												-- special case for |infobox_caption=
		if 'yes' == infobox_ship_t.child then									-- if not stand-alone
			add_warning (template_name, 'infobox_caption', args_t.infobox_caption);	--emit preview warning message
		else
			infobox_ship_t.title = args_t.infobox_caption;						-- translate |infobox_caption= to |title= used by Module:Infobox
			args_t.infobox_caption = nil;										-- unset to avoid preview error message; no longer needed
		end
	end

	local i = 1;

	if 'yes' ~= args_t.hide_header then											-- |hide_header=yes then no header
		infobox_ship_t['header' .. i] = args_t.header_caption or args_t.label or 'Service record';		-- add the header; |label= is deprecated
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the enumerator
	end

	line_items (args_t, data.infobox_ship_service_record_params_t, infobox_ship_t, i, frame);	-- go do all of the other infobox parameters
	local has_unknown_params = unknown_params_check (frame:getParent().args, data.known_infobox_ship_service_record_params_t, template_name);	-- emit warning for all unknown parameters; even those that are empty

	return table.concat ({
		final_rendering (infobox_ship_t, frame, has_unknown_params, 'service record'),			-- return final rendering of this infobox
		(has_unknown_params and data.categories_t.unknown) or ''
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X _ S H I P &gt;------------------------------------------------------

{{#invoke:Infobox ship|infobox_ship}}

To discover when two child infoboxen are concatenated without a proper |sectionn= parameter between them, this
function looks for and counts the special secret |label100=__1B0X_5H1P__ and |data100=&lt;template name&gt;.  Each child
appends the special secret parameters at final_rendering().  This function counts and deletes those special secret
parameters.  If the count is:
	0 – ok; parameter does not include a child infobox rendering
	1 – ok; parameter holds only one child infobox
	2+ – not ok

]]

local function infobox_ship (frame)
	local args_t = get_args (frame);

	local infobox_ship_t = {};													-- table that holds infobox parameters

	infobox_ship_begin (args_t, infobox_ship_t, frame);							-- fetch parameters that once belonged to obsolete {{infobox ship begin}}

	for k, v in pairs (args_t) do												-- copy infobox parameters from the frame into our local table
		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- must be string; positional parameters not supported
			local enum = k:match ('section(%d+)');								-- &lt;enum&gt; gets a value when this parameter is |section&lt;n&gt;= 
			if enum then
				infobox_ship_t['data'..enum] = v;								-- translate |section&lt;n&gt; = to |data&lt;n&gt;=
			else
				infobox_ship_t[k] = v;											-- assume that parameter name is one known to Module:Infobox
			end
		end
	end

	for k, v in pairs (infobox_ship_t) do										-- look for malformed input (concatenated child infoboxen)
		if k:find ('data', 1, true) then										-- only look in values assigned to |datan= (née |sectionn=)
			local name, count = v:gsub ('&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th scope=\&quot;row\&quot; class=\&quot;infobox%-label\&quot;&gt;__1B0X_5H1P__&lt;/th&gt;&lt;td class=\&quot;infobox%-data\&quot;&gt;[%l ]+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;', '');	-- count special secret parameters 

			if 1 &lt; count then													-- more than one when parameter has concatenated child infoboxen
				infobox_ship_t[k] = table.concat ({
					string.format (data.error_messages_t.missing_section, k:match ('%d')),		-- emit an error message; replaces the concatenated subtemplate
					(data.cat_this_namespace and data.categories_t.missing_section) or '',		-- and also categorize
					});
			else
				infobox_ship_t[k] = name;										-- delete special secret |label100=__1B0X_5H1P__ and |data100=&lt;template name&gt;
			end
		end
	end

	local has_unknown_params = unknown_params_check (frame:getParent().args, data.known_infobox_ship_params_t, 'Infobox ship');	-- emit warning for all unknown parameters; even those that are empty

	infobox_ship_t.templatestyles = data.templatestyles -- apply template styles
	return table.concat ({
			infobox (infobox_ship_t),											-- render the infobox
			(has_unknown_params and data.categories_t.unknown) or ''			-- add category for any unknown parameters
		});
end

		
--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	infobox_ship = infobox_ship,
	infobox_ship_image = infobox_ship_image,
	infobox_ship_career = infobox_ship_career,
	infobox_ship_characteristics = infobox_ship_characteristics,
	infobox_ship_class_overview = infobox_ship_class_overview,
	infobox_ship_service_record = infobox_ship_service_record,
	}</text>
      <sha1>1n7isz69sqh3qgv4y2pmxw1f0r4wwy5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Infobox ship/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>47692</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299053</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:26:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: --[[--------------------------&lt; W A R N I N G   M E S S A G E S &gt;----------------------------------------------  Style-yadan looma rari karo Module:Infobox ship/style.css sababtoo ah mw.addWarning() ma fahmo mana codsado css  ]]  local warn_span_style = 'color:#bf3c2c'; local warn_code_style = 'color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;'; local warning_fmt_str = '&lt;span style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{[[Template:%s|%s]]}}&lt;/code&gt;: cabbir aan la aqoon: &lt;...</comment>
      <origin>299053</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="12124" sha1="39y12662g5m9zdk02di395p936oel9f" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; W A R N I N G   M E S S A G E S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Style-yadan looma rari karo Module:Infobox ship/style.css sababtoo ah mw.addWarning() ma fahmo mana codsado css

]]

local warn_span_style = 'color:#bf3c2c';
local warn_code_style = 'color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;';
local warning_fmt_str = '&lt;span style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{[[Template:%s|%s]]}}&lt;/code&gt;: cabbir aan la aqoon: &lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;|%s=%s&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/span&gt;';
local image_EIS_warning_fmt_str = '&lt;span style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{[[Template:%s|%s]]}}&lt;/code&gt;: waxay isticmaashaa [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax|Habka sawirka oo la dheereeyey]]&lt;/span&gt;';
local image_size_warning_fmt_str = '&lt;span style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{[[Template:%s|%s]]}}&lt;/code&gt;: waxay cayimaysaa cabbirka sawirka ee caadiga ah&lt;/span&gt;';
local image_missing_warning_fmt_str = '&lt;span style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{[[Template:%s|%s]]}}&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;|image_caption=&lt;/code&gt; iyo &lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;|image_alt=&lt;/code&gt; waxay u baahan yihiin &lt;code style=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;|image=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/span&gt;';


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------
]]

local error_messages_t = {
	missing_section = '&lt;span class=&quot;error ib-ship-error&quot;&gt;waxaa ka maqan &lt;span class=&quot;ib-ship-code&quot;&gt;|section\'\'n\'\'=&lt;/span&gt; cabbirka gudaha &lt;span class=&quot;ib-ship-code&quot;&gt;|section%s=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',		-- %s waa |sectionn= (|datan=) enumerator
	positional = '&lt;span class=&quot;error ib-ship-error&quot;&gt;cabbirrada booska looma oggola&lt;/span&gt;',	-- lagu kala saaray qaybta cabbirka aan la aqoon (sababtoo ah '|{{infobox ship/...}}' cabbirka booska lama yaqaan)
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------
]]

local categories_t = {
	no_image = '[[Category:Ship infoboxes without an image]]',					-- qaybaha digniinta
	image_syntax = '[[Category:Infobox ship/image syntax]]',
	unknown = '[[Category:Pages using infobox ship with unknown parameters]]',
	missing_section = '[[Category:Ship infoboxes missing section parameter]]',
	
	non_std_img_size = '[[Category:Infobox ship with non-standard image size]]',-- ma aha qayb digniin ah
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;------------------------------------------

Jadwalkan waxay hayaan magacyada waxayna qeexayaan amarka rarida ee lammaanaha calaamad/xogta ee infobox-ka la xidhiidha.
Jadwal kastaa waa taxane ah isku-xigxiga hoose oo isku-xigxiga kasta uu hayo
	[1] magaca cabbirka
	[2] calaamadda loo rogay ee qiimaha cabbirkaas

]]

local infobox_career_params_t = {												-- jadwal cabbirro loo rogay si isku mid ah
	{'name', 'Magaca'},
	{'namesake', 'Magacaabaha'},
	{'owner', 'Mulkiilaha'},
	{'operator', 'Hawlwadeenka'},
	{'registry', 'Dekedda diiwaangelinta'},
	{'route', 'Jidka'},
	{'ordered', 'La dalbaday'},
	{'awarded', 'La siiyay'},
	{'builder', 'Dhisaha'},
	{'original_cost', 'Qiimaha'},
	{'yard_number', 'Lambarka dayrka'},
	{'way_number', 'Lambarka waddada'},
	{'laid_down', 'La dhigay'},
	{'launched', 'La daahfuray'},
	{'sponsor', 'La kafaala qaaday by'},
	{'christened', 'La baabtiisay'},
	{'completed', 'La dhammaystiray'},
	{'acquired', 'La helay'},
	{'commissioned', 'La wakiishay'},
	{'recommissioned', 'Dib loo wakiishay'},
	{'decommissioned', 'La shaqo ka fariisiyay'},
	{'maiden_voyage', 'Safarkii ugu horreeyay'},
	{'in_service', 'Adeegga ku jira'},
	{'out_of_service', 'Adeegga ka baxay'},
	{'renamed', 'Magaca loo beddelay'},
	{'reclassified', 'Dib loo kala saaray'},
	{'refit', 'Dayactir'},
	{'struck', 'La garaacay'},
	{'stricken', 'La garaacay'},
	{'reinstated', 'Dib loo soo celiyay'},
	{'homeport', 'Dekedda guriga'},
	{'identification', 'Aqoonsi'},
	{'motto', 'Hal-ku-dhig'},
	{'nickname', 'Naanaysta'},
	{'honours', 'Sharafta iyo&lt;br /&gt;abaalmarinnada'},										-- higaadda uk
	{'honors', 'Sharafta iyo&lt;br /&gt;abaalmarinnada'},
	{'captured', 'La qabtay'},
	{'fate', 'Aayaheeda'},
	{'status', 'Heerka'},
	{'notes', 'Xusuusin'},
	{'badge', 'Calaamad'},
	}

local infobox_characteristics_params_t = {										-- jadwal cabbirro loo rogay si isku mid ah
	{'class', 'Fasalka &amp; nooca'},
	{'type', 'Nooca'},
	{'tonnage', 'Tonnage'},
	{'displacement', 'Barakicinta'},
	{'tons_burthen', 'Tons burthen'},
	{'length', 'Dhererka'},
	{'beam', 'Ballaca'},
	{'height', 'Joogga'},
	{'draught', 'Qoto-dheerida'},														-- higaadda uk
	{'draft', 'Qoto-dheerida'},
	{'depth', 'Qoto-dheerida'},
	{'hold_depth', 'Qoto-dheerida hold-ka'},
	{'decks', 'Dabaqyada'},
	{'deck_clearance', 'Dabaqa bannaan'},
	{'ramps', 'Ramps'},
	{'ice_class', 'Fasalka barafka'},
	{'power', 'Awoodda la rakibay'},
	{'propulsion', 'Propulsion'},
	{'sail_plan', 'Qorshaha shiraaca'},
	{'speed', 'Xawaaraha'},
	{'range', 'Baaxadda'},
	{'endurance', 'Adkeysiga'},
	{'test_depth', 'Qoto-dheerida imtixaanka'},
	{'boats', 'Doonyaha &amp;&lt;br /&gt;craft la qaaday'},
	{'capacity', 'Awoodda'},
	{'troops', 'Ciidammada'},
	{'complement', 'Isku-dhafka'},
	{'crew', 'Shaqaalaha'},
	{'time_to_activate', 'Waqtiga lagu hawlgelinayo'},
	{'sensors', 'Dareemayaasha &amp;&lt;br /&gt;nidaamyada habaynta'},
	{'EW', 'Dagaalka elektiroonigga ah&lt;br /&gt;&amp; khiyaano'},
	{'armament', 'Hubka'},
	{'armour', 'Gaashaanka'},														-- higaadda uk
	{'armor', 'Gaashaanka'},
	{'aircraft', 'Diyaaradaha la qaaday'},
	{'aircraft_facilities', 'Adeegyada duulista'},
	{'notes', 'Xusuusin'},
	}

local infobox_class_overview_params_t = {										-- jadwal cabbirro loo rogay si isku mid ah
	{'name', 'Magaca'},
	{'builders', 'Dhisayaasha'},
	{'operators', 'Hawlwadeennada'},
	{'class_before', 'Waxaa ka horreeyay'},
	{'class_after', 'Waxaa ku xigay'},
	{'subclasses', 'Fasallada hoose'},
	{'cost', 'Qiimaha'},
	{'built_range', 'La dhisay'},
	{'in_service_range', 'Adeegga ku jira'},
	{'in_commission_range', 'Wakiishay'},
	{'total_ships_planned', 'La qorsheeyay'},
	{'total_ships_on_order', 'La dalbaday'},
	{'total_ships_building', 'La dhisayaa'},
	{'total_ships_completed', 'La dhammaystiray'},
	{'total_ships_cancelled', 'La baajiyay'},										-- higaadda uk
	{'total_ships_canceled', 'La baajiyay'},
	{'total_ships_active', 'Firfircoon'},
	{'total_ships_laid_up', 'La dhigay'},
	{'total_ships_lost', 'La lumiyay'},
	{'total_ships_retired', 'Shaqo ka fariisiyay'},
	{'total_ships_scrapped', 'La burburiyay'},
	{'total_ships_preserved', 'La ilaaliyay'},
	}

local infobox_ship_service_record_params_t = {									-- jadwal cabbirro loo rogay si isku mid ah
	{'partof', 'Qayb ka mid ah'},
	{'codes', 'Lambarrada aqoonsiga'},
	{'commanders', 'Taliyayaasha'},
	{'operations', 'Hawlgallada'},
	{'victories', 'Guulaha'},
	{'awards', 'Abaalmarinnada'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; K N O W N   P A R A M E T E R   T A B L E S &gt;----------------------------------

Jadwalkan si loo ogaado cabbirrada aan la aqoon

]]

local known_infobox_ship_params_t = {											-- dhammaan cabbirrada loo yaqaan {{Infobox ship}}
	['data#'] = true,															-- kuwan waxay u dhasheen infobox ship
	['label#'] = true,
	['section#'] = true,

	display_title = true,														-- kuwan waxaa laga dhaxlay {{infobox ship begin}} ee duugoobay
	infobox_caption = true,
	sclass = true,
	showerrs = true,
	}

local known_infobox_ship_image_params_t = {										-- dhammaan cabbirrada loo yaqaan {{Infobox ship/image}}
	child = true,																-- |child= waa default 'yes'; u dhig 'no' si madax-bannaan
	infobox_caption = true,														-- kaliya waa ansax marka |child=no (habka stand-alone)
	image = true,
	image_alt = true,
	image_size = true,
	image_caption = true,
	}

local known_infobox_ship_career_params_t = {									-- cabbirrada aan line-item ahayn ee loo yaqaan {{Infobox ship/career}}
	child = true,																-- |child= waa default 'yes'; u dhig 'no' si madax-bannaan
	infobox_caption = true,														-- kan kaliya waa ansax marka |child=no (habka stand-alone)
	hide_header = true,
	country = true,
	flag = true,
	}
	
local known_infobox_ship_characteristics_params_t = {							-- cabbirrada aan line-item ahayn ee loo yaqaan {{Infobox ship/characteristics}}
	child = true,																-- |child= waa default 'yes'; u dhig 'no' si madax-bannaan
	infobox_caption = true,														-- kan kaliya waa ansax marka |child=no (habka stand-alone)
	header_caption = true,
	hide_header = true,
	}
	
local known_infobox_ship_class_overview_params_t = {							-- cabbirrada aan line-item ahayn ee loo yaqaan {{Infobox ship/class}}
	child = true,																-- |child= waa default 'yes'; u dhig 'no' si madax-bannaan
	infobox_caption = true,														-- kan kaliya waa ansax marka |child=no (habka stand-alone)
	hide_header = true,
	}
	
local known_infobox_ship_service_record_params_t = {							-- cabbirrada aan line-item ahayn ee loo yaqaan {{Infobox ship/service record}}
	child = true,																-- |child= waa default 'yes'; u dhig 'no' si madax-bannaan
	infobox_caption = true,														-- kan kaliya waa ansax marka |child=no (habka stand-alone)
	header_caption = true,
	hide_header = true,
	label = true,																-- alias-ka la dayacay ee |header_caption=
	}


for _, tables_t in ipairs (
	{																			-- jadwal kan ayaa khariidaynaya jadwalada line-item leh jadwalada cabbirka loo yaqaan
	{infobox_career_params_t, known_infobox_ship_career_params_t},
	{infobox_characteristics_params_t, known_infobox_ship_characteristics_params_t},
	{infobox_class_overview_params_t, known_infobox_ship_class_overview_params_t},
	{infobox_ship_service_record_params_t, known_infobox_ship_service_record_params_t},
	}) do																		-- hadda buuxi jadwalada cabbirka loo yaqaan ee ka imanaya jadwalada line-item
		for _, line_t in ipairs (tables_t[1]) do								-- &lt;line_t&gt; waa isku-xigxiga magaca cabbirka [1] iyo calaamadda la soo bandhigay [2]
			tables_t[2][line_t[1]] = true;										-- jadwal-yaqaannada-cabbirrada waxay helayaan magaca cabbirka oo loo dhigay boolean true
		end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;					-- hel magaca maqaalka ee qaybta

return
	{
	cat_this_namespace = (0 == namespace_number) or (118 == namespace_number),	-- kaliya qaybinta qaybahan (maqaal, qabyo-qoraal)
	stripmarker = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-%a+%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',				-- loo isticmaalo in lagu cabudhiyo stripmarkers ee fariimaha digniinta horudhaca ah
	
	namespace_number = namespace_number,										-- nambarka magaca maqaalka
	namespace_name = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText:gsub ('_', ' ');							-- magaca magaca maqaalka
	
	categories_t = categories_t,
	error_messages_t = error_messages_t,
	
	infobox_career_params_t = infobox_career_params_t,							-- infobox ship line items
	infobox_characteristics_params_t = infobox_characteristics_params_t,
	infobox_class_overview_params_t = infobox_class_overview_params_t,
	infobox_ship_service_record_params_t = infobox_ship_service_record_params_t,
	
	warn_code_style = warn_code_style,											-- fariimaha digniinta horudhaca ah; fariimaha digniinta horudhaca ah ma taageeraan css
	warn_span_style = warn_span_style,
	warning_fmt_str = warning_fmt_str,											-- cabbir aan la aqoon
	image_warning_fmt_str = image_warning_fmt_str,
	image_EIS_warning_fmt_str = image_EIS_warning_fmt_str,
	image_size_warning_fmt_str = image_size_warning_fmt_str,
	image_missing_warning_fmt_str =image_missing_warning_fmt_str,
	
	known_infobox_ship_params_t = known_infobox_ship_params_t,					-- si loo ogaado cabbirrada aan la aqoon
	known_infobox_ship_image_params_t = known_infobox_ship_image_params_t,
	known_infobox_ship_career_params_t = known_infobox_ship_career_params_t,
	known_infobox_ship_characteristics_params_t = known_infobox_ship_characteristics_params_t,
	known_infobox_ship_class_overview_params_t = known_infobox_ship_class_overview_params_t,
	known_infobox_ship_service_record_params_t = known_infobox_ship_service_record_params_t,

	templatestyles = 'Module:Infobox ship/styles.css'
	}</text>
      <sha1>39y12662g5m9zdk02di395p936oel9f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Infobox ship/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>47693</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299054</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:27:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ /* these styles are derived from the styles listed in Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style */  /* the main infobox and standalone sub infoboxen  */ .ib-ship { 	border-spacing: 2px; }  /* infobox career history header */ .ib-ship-history { 	background-color: #C3D6EF; 	text-align: center; 	vertical-align: middle; 	font-size: 110%; }  /* infobox career flag &amp; country header */ .ib-ship-country { 	height: 30px; 	background-color: #B0C4DE; 	text-align: left; 	padding-l...</comment>
      <origin>299054</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="838" sha1="61rad0ccj8fmg2nm51hle9xaeghxboc" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
/* these styles are derived from the styles listed in Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style */

/* the main infobox and standalone sub infoboxen  */
.ib-ship {
	border-spacing: 2px;
}

/* infobox career history header */
.ib-ship-history {
	background-color: #C3D6EF;
	text-align: center;
	vertical-align: middle;
	font-size: 110%;
}

/* infobox career flag &amp; country header */
.ib-ship-country {
	height: 30px;
	background-color: #B0C4DE;
	text-align: left;
	padding-left: 2px;
	vertical-align: middle;
	font-size: 110%;
}

/* infobox characteristics, class overview, &amp; service record headers */
.ib-ship-general {
	height: 30px;
	background-color: #C3D6EF;
	vertical-align: middle;
	font-size: 110%;
}

.ib-ship-error {
	color: var(--color-error, #bf3c2c);
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
	.ib-ship {
		width: 25.5em;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>61rad0ccj8fmg2nm51hle9xaeghxboc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox ship</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>47694</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299055</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:27:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299055</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="104" sha1="rdeu5rqk3oec6x3g7szz09c3wmtfzr6" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Infobox ship|infobox_ship}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rdeu5rqk3oec6x3g7szz09c3wmtfzr6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>47695</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299056</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: --[[-------------------------&lt; S H I P  P R E F I X   L I S T &gt;-----------------------------------------------  This is a list of currently supported ship prefixes.  To add to this list the form is: 	['prefix'] = true, the trailing comma is important.  ]]  local ship_prefix_t = 	{ 	['ARA'] = true,																-- Armada de la República Argentina 	['ARC'] = true,																-- Armada Nacional de la República de Colombia 	['ARM'] = true,																-- Armada de la Repú...</comment>
      <origin>299056</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="20141" sha1="0mow9ihw3vmpwbqbn8yg67zuoo4ts94" xml:space="preserve">--[[-------------------------&lt; S H I P  P R E F I X   L I S T &gt;-----------------------------------------------

This is a list of currently supported ship prefixes.

To add to this list the form is:
	['prefix'] = true,
the trailing comma is important.

]]

local ship_prefix_t =
	{
	['ARA'] = true,																-- Armada de la República Argentina
	['ARC'] = true,																-- Armada Nacional de la República de Colombia
	['ARM'] = true,																-- Armada de la República Mexicana
	['ARV'] = true,																-- Armada Republica de Venezuela
	['BAE'] = true,																-- Buque de la Armada de Ecuador
	['BAP'] = true,																-- Peruvian Navy Ship
	['BNS'] = true,																-- Bangladesh Navy Ship
	['BRP'] = true,																-- Barko ng Republika ng Pilipinas
	['CCGS'] = true,															-- Canadian Coast Guard Ship
	['CFAV'] = true,															-- Canadian Forces Auxiliary Vessel
	['CS'] = true,																-- Cable Ship
	['CSS'] = true,																-- Confederate States Ship
	['FGS'] = true,																-- Federal German Ship
	['GTS'] = true,																-- Gas Turbine Ship
	['HDMS'] = true,															-- His/Her Danish Majesty's Ship
	['HM'] = true,																-- His/Her Majesty's, then used with the type of ship in military use (UK)
	['HMAS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's Australian Ship
	['HMBS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's Britannic Ship (also: Bahamian, Bermudian, Burmese)
	['HMC'] = true,																-- Her/His Majesty's Cutter
	['HMCS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's Canadian Ship (also Colonial)
	['HMHS'] = true,															-- His/Her Majesty's Hospital Ship
	['HMIS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's Indian Ship (pre republic)
	['HMNZS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's New Zealand Ship
	['HMPNGS'] = true,															-- His/Her Majesty's Papua New Guinea Ship
	['HMQS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's Queensland Ship
	['HMRC'] = true,															-- His/Her Majesty's Revenue Cutter
	['HMS'] = true,																-- Her/His Majesty's Ship
	['HMSAS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's South African Ship
	['HMT'] = true,																-- Her/His Majesty's Trawler
	['HMVS'] = true,															-- Her/His Majesty's Victorian Ship
	['HMY'] = true,																-- His/Her Majesty's Yacht
	['HNLMS'] = true,															-- His/Her Netherlands Majesty’s Ship
	['HNoMS'] = true,															-- His/Her Norwegian Majesty's Ship
	['HSC'] = true,																-- High-Speed Craft
	['HSwMS'] = true,															-- His/Her Swedish Majesty's Ship
	['HTMS'] = true,															-- His Thai Majesty's Ship
	['ICGS'] = true,															-- Indian Coast Guard Ship
	['IIS'] = true,																-- Imperial Iranian Ship
	['INS'] = true,																-- Indian Naval Ship, Israeli Naval Ship
	['IRIS'] = true,															-- Islamic Republic of Iran Ship
	['JDS'] = true,																-- Japanese Defence Ship
	['JS'] = true,																-- Japanese Ship (post 2008)
	['KA'] = true,																-- Kapal Auksiliari – Auxiliary Ship (Malaysia)
	['KD'] = true,																-- Kapal Di-Raja — His Majesty's Ship (Malaysia)
	['KM'] = true,																-- Kapal Motor (Motor Ship) (Indonesia)
	['KDB'] = true,																-- Kapal Diraja Brunei (Royal Brunei Ship) (in Malay)
	['KDM'] = true,																-- Kongelige Danske Marine
	['KLD'] =true,																-- Kapal Layar Diraja – His Majesty's Sailing Ship (Malaysia)
	['KRI'] = true,																-- Kapal Republik Indonesia
	['LÉ'] = true,																-- Long Éireannach – Irish ship
	['MF'] = true,																-- Motor Ferry
	['LKL'] = true,																-- Lietuvos Karinis Laivas – Lithuania
	['MS'] = true,																-- Motor Ship
	['MT'] = true,																-- Motor Tanker
	['MV'] = true,																-- Motor Vessel
	['NLV'] = true,																-- Northern Lighthouse Vessel
	['NMS'] = true,																-- Nava Majestăţii Sale (His/Her Majesty's Ship) - used before 1945 by the Royal Romanian Navy
	['NoCGV'] = true,															-- Norwegian Coast Guard Vessel
	['NOAAS'] = true,															-- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ship
	['NRP'] = true,																-- Navio da República Portuguesa
	['ORP'] = true,																-- Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
	['PNS'] = true,																-- Pakistani Naval Ship
	['PS'] = true,																-- Paddle Steamer
	['RFA'] = true,																-- Royal Fleet Auxiliary
	['RMAS'] = true,															-- Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service
	['RMS'] = true,																-- Royal Mail Ship
	['RNLB'] = true,															-- Royal National Lifeboat
	['ROCS'] = true,															-- Republic of China Ship
	['ROKS'] = true,															-- Republic of Korea Ship
	['RPS'] = true,																-- Republic of the Philippines Ship
	['RRS'] = true,																-- Royal Research Ship
	['RS'] = true,																-- Rocket Ship
	['RSS'] = true,																-- Republic of Singapore Ship
	['RV'] = true,																-- Research Vessel
	['SAS'] = true,																-- South African Ship
	['SLNS'] = true,															-- Sri Lanka Naval Ship
	['SM'] = true,																-- Seiner Majestät Unterseeboot
	['SMS'] = true,																-- Seiner Majestät Schiff
	['SS'] = true,																-- Screw Steamer or Steamship
	['STV'] = true,																-- Sail training vessel
	['SV'] = true,																-- Sailing vessel
	['TCG'] = true,																-- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gemisi
	['TS'] = true,																-- Training ship
	['TV'] = true,																-- Training vessel
	['UAM'] = true,																-- Unidade Auxiliar da Marinha - Navy Auxiliary Unit (Portuguese Navy non-military ships)
	['USAFS'] = true,															-- United States Air Force ship
	['USAHS'] = true,															-- United States Army Hospital Ship
	['USAS'] = true,															-- United States Army Ship
	['USAT'] = true,															-- United States Army Transport
	['USAV'] = true,															-- United States Army Vessel
	['USC&amp;GS'] = true,															-- United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
	['USC&amp;amp;GS'] = true,														-- United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (crude work-around)
	['USC&amp;#38;GS'] = true,														-- United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (crude work-around)
	['USC&amp;GSS'] = true,															-- United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship
	['USC&amp;amp;GSS'] = true,														-- United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship (crude work-around)
	['USC&amp;#38;GSS'] = true,														-- United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship (crude work-around)
	['USCGC'] = true,															-- United States Coast Guard Cutter
	['USLHT'] = true,															-- United State Light House Tender
	['USNS'] = true,															-- United States Naval Ship
	['USRC'] = true,															-- United States Revenue Cutter
	['USS'] = true,																-- United States Ship
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A T I O N A L I T Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Article titles for ships in navies that do not use a standardized prefix follow the title format:
	&lt;nationality&gt; &lt;ship type&gt; &lt;name&gt; &lt;(disambiguator)&gt;

This is a list of nationalities. 

To add to this list the form is:
	['Nationality'] = true,
the trailing comma is important. Use the adjective form for nationality, always capitalize.  Please insert nationalities in alphabetical order.

]]

local nationality_t =
	{
	['Albanian'] = true,
	['American'] = true,
	['Australian'] = true,
	['Belgian'] = true,
	['Brazilian'] = true,
	['Bulgarian'] = true,
	['Chilean'] = true,	
	['Chinese'] = true,
	['Croatian'] = true,
	['Danish'] = true,
	['Dominican'] = true,
	['Dutch'] = true,
	['East Timorese'] = true,
	['Egyptian'] = true,
	['English'] = true,
	['Finnish'] = true,
	['French'] = true,
	['German'] = true,
	['Greek'] = true,
	['Grenadan'] = true,
	['Haitian'] = true,
	['Iranian'] = true,
	['Irish'] = true,
	['Italian'] = true,
	['Japanese'] = true,
	['Latvian'] = true,
	['Libyan'] = true,
	['Lithuanian'] = true,
	['Maltese'] = true,
	['Mexican'] = true,
	['Nigerian'] = true,
	['Ottoman'] = true,
	['Peruvian'] = true,
	['Portuguese'] = true,
	['Romanian'] = true,
	['Russian'] = true,
	['Scottish'] = true,
	['Slovenian'] = true,
	['Soviet'] = true,
	['Spanish'] = true,
	['Swedish'] = true,
	['Texan'] = true,
	['Ukrainian'] = true,
	['United States'] = true,
	['Vietnamese'] = true,
	['Yugoslav'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S H I P   T Y P E &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Article titles for ships in navies that do not use a standardized prefix follow the title format:
	&lt;nationality&gt; &lt;ship type&gt; &lt;name&gt; &lt;(disambiguator)&gt;

Article titles for ships may or may not be naval ships may follow the title format:
	&lt;name&gt; &lt;(disambiguator)&gt;
where &lt;(disambiguator)&gt; may be some form of ship type, hull designator or pennant number, or year.  This tool will
format ship names that contain a recognized ship type in &lt;(disambiguator)&gt;.

This list is used to &lt;find ship&gt; when the article title begins with a nationality.  This is important because the tool
needs to know where the &lt;ship type&gt; ends and &lt;name&gt; begins so that it can properly place the italic markup.  The search
will find an exact match (including case) for ship types that are 1 to 4 words long.

This list is also used to find ship type in &lt;(disambiguator)&gt;.  The search is whole word; use the simplest form.
For example, because 'icebreaker' is defined, that ship type is sufficient to cause the tool to properly format:
	Astrolabe (icebreaker)
	Krassin (1917 icebreaker)
	Taymyr (nuclear icebreaker)

Searches for ship type in &lt;(disambiguator)&gt; are whole word.  When looking for 'ship', the tool will find
	Auguste (ship)
	Queen of Nations (clipper ship)
but will not find:
	Sibir (steamship icebreaker) – the search for 'icebreaker' will

This is a list of ship types.  When adding new ship types, do not be too specific: 'aircraft carrier' but not 'light aircraft carrier'

To add to this list the form is:
	['ship type'] = true,
the trailing comma is important. At the time of this writing, a ship type may be one to four words, almost always lowercase.
Please insert ship types in alphabetical order.

]]

local ship_type_t =
	{
	['armoured cruiser'] = true,
	['aircraft carrier'] = true,
	['amphibious assault ship'] = true,
	['Army ship'] = true,														-- should be capitalized
	['auxiliary cruiser'] = true,
	['auxiliary raider'] = true,
	['auxiliary'] = true,
	['aviso'] = true,
	['barge'] = true,
	['barque'] = true,
	['barquentine'] = true,
	['battlecruiser'] = true,
	['battleship'] = true,
	['boat'] = true,
	['brig sloop'] = true,
	['brig-sloop'] = true,
	['brig'] = true,
	['brigantine'] = true,
	['carrack'] = true,
	['clipper'] = true,
	['coast defense ship'] = true,
	['coastal defence ship'] = true,
	['coastal defense ship'] = true,
	['communications ship'] = true,
	['corvette'] = true,
	['cruiser'] = true,
	['cutter'] = true,
	['deep submergence rescue vehicle'] = true,
	['destroyer leader'] = true,
	['destroyer'] = true,
	['dragger'] = true,
	['dredge'] = true,
	['East Indiaman'] = true,													-- should be capitalized
	['escort ship'] = true,
	['escort'] = true,
	['ferry'] = true,
	['ferryboat'] = true,
	['fireboat'] = true,
	['fleet oiler'] = true,
	['floating battery'] = true,
	['floating crane'] = true,
	['fluyt'] = true,
	['food supply ship'] = true,
	['freighter'] = true,
	['frigate'] = true,
	['galleon'] = true,
	['galley'] = true,
	['gunboat'] = true,
	['helicopter carrier'] = true,
	['hospital ship'] = true,
	['hovercraft'] = true,
	['hydrofoil'] = true,
	['icebreaker'] = true,
	['Indiaman'] = true,														-- should be capitalized
	['ironclad'] = true,
	['ketch'] = true,
	['landing ship'] = true,
	['landing ship medium'] = true,
	['lifeboat'] = true,
	['lightship'] = true,
	['log canoe'] = true,
	['lugger'] = true,
	['merchant cruiser'] = true,
	['minehunter'] = true,
	['minelayer'] = true,
	['minelaying cruiser'] = true,
	['minesweeper'] = true,
	['missile boat'] = true,
	['monitor'] = true,
	['munition ship'] = true,
	['naval ship'] = true,
	['night fighter direction vessel'] = true,
	['ocean liner'] = true,
	['oiler'] = true,
	['paddle steamer'] = true,
	['patrol boat'] = true,
	['patrol gunboat'] = true,
	['patrol vessel'] = true,
	['pinnace'] = true,
	['pollution control vessel'] = true,
	['privateer'] = true,
	['protected cruiser'] = true,
	['pusher'] = true,
	['rescue ship'] = true,
	['riverboat'] = true,
	['ROV'] = true,
	['sailboat'] = true,
	['schooner'] = true,
	['seaplane carrier'] = true,
	['seaplane tender'] = true,
	['ship of the line'] = true,
	['ship'] = true,
	['shipwreck'] = true,
	['shore establishment'] = true,												-- use stone frigate instead?
	['showboat'] = true,
	['sidewheeler'] = true,
	['skipjack'] = true,
	['sloop-of-war'] = true,
	['sloop'] = true,
	['smack'] = true,
	['snagboat'] = true,
	['speedboat'] = true,
	['steam frigate'] = true,
	['steam warship'] = true,
	['steamboat'] = true,
	['steamer'] = true,
	['steamship'] = true,
	['sternwheeler'] = true,
	['stores lighter'] = true,
	['submarine chaser'] = true,
	['submarine rescue vehicle'] = true,
	['submarine tender'] = true,
	['submarine'] = true,
	['submersible'] = true,
	['supertanker'] = true,
	['support ship'] = true,
	['survey ship'] = true,
	['tanker'] = true,
	['target ship'] = true,
	['tender'] = true,
	['torpedo boat'] = true,
	['torpedo gunboat'] = true,
	['towboat'] = true,
	['training cruiser'] = true,
	['training ship'] = true,
	['transport'] = true,
	['trawler'] = true,
	['trireme'] = true,
	['tug'] = true,
	['tugboat'] = true,
	['vessel'] = true,
	['warship'] = true,
	['weather ship'] = true,
	['whaler'] = true,
	['whaleship'] = true,
	['wherry'] = true,
	['yacht'] = true,
	['yawl'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N F O B O X   L I N E   I T E M   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;----------------------
]]

local infobox_career_params_t = {												-- table of parameters that are rendered in the same way
	['Ship name'] = {1, 'Name'},
	['Ship namesake'] = {2, 'Namesake'},
	['Ship owner'] = {3, 'Owner'},
	['Ship operator'] = {4, 'Operator'},
	['Ship registry'] = {5, 'Port of registry'},
	['Ship route'] = {6, 'Route'},
	['Ship ordered'] = {7, 'Ordered'},
	['Ship awarded'] = {8, 'Awarded'},
	['Ship builder'] = {9, 'Builder'},
	['Ship original cost'] = {10, 'Cost'},
	['Ship yard number'] = {11, 'Yard number'},
	['Ship way number'] = {12, 'Way number'},
	['Ship laid down'] = {13, 'Laid down'},
	['Ship launched'] = {14, 'Launched'},
	['Ship sponsor'] = {15, 'Sponsored&amp;nbsp;by'},
	['Ship christened'] = {16, 'Christened'},
	['Ship completed'] = {17, 'Completed'},
	['Ship acquired'] = {18, 'Acquired'},
	['Ship commissioned'] = {19, 'Commissioned'},
	['Ship recommissioned'] = {20, 'Recommissioned'},
	['Ship decommissioned'] = {21, 'Decommissioned'},
	['Ship maiden voyage'] = {22, 'Maiden voyage'},
	['Ship in service'] = {23, 'In service'},
	['Ship out of service'] = {24, 'Out of service'},
	['Ship renamed'] = {25, 'Renamed'},
	['Ship reclassified'] = {26, 'Reclassified'},
	['Ship refit'] = {27, 'Refit'},
	['Ship struck'] = {28, 'Stricken'},
	['Ship stricken'] = {29, 'Stricken'},
	['Ship reinstated'] = {30, 'Reinstated'},
	['Ship homeport'] = {31, 'Homeport'},
	['Ship identification'] = {32, 'Identification'},
	['Ship motto'] = {33, 'Motto'},
	['Ship nickname'] = {34, 'Nickname(s)'},
	['Ship honours'] = {35, 'Honours &amp;&lt;br /&gt;awards'},							-- make these two the same index?
	['Ship honors'] = {36, 'Honors &amp;&lt;br /&gt;awards'},
	['Ship captured'] = {37, 'Captured'},
	['Ship fate'] = {38, 'Fate'},
	['Ship status'] = {39, 'Status'},
	['Ship notes'] = {40, 'Notes'},
	['Ship badge'] = {41, 'Badge'},
	}

local infobox_characteristics_params_t = {										-- table of parameters that are rendered in the same way
	['Ship class'] = {1, 'Class &amp; type'},
	['Ship type'] = {2, 'Type'},
	['Ship tonnage'] = {3, 'Tonnage'},
	['Ship displacement'] = {4, 'Displacement'},
	['Ship tons burthen'] = {5, 'Tons burthen'},
	['Ship length'] = {6, 'Length'},
	['Ship beam'] = {7, 'Beam'},
	['Ship height'] = {8, 'Height'},
	['Ship draught'] = {9, 'Draught'},											-- make these two the same index?
	['Ship draft'] = {10, 'Draft'},
	['Ship depth'] = {11, 'Depth'},
	['Ship hold depth'] = {12, 'Depth of hold'},
	['Ship decks'] = {13, 'Decks'},
	['Ship deck clearance'] = {14, 'Deck clearance'},
	['Ship ramps'] = {15, 'Ramps'},
	['Ship ice class'] = {16, 'Ice class'},
	['Ship power'] = {17, 'Installed power'},
	['Ship propulsion'] = {18, 'Propulsion'},
	['Ship sail plan'] = {19, 'Sail plan'},
	['Ship speed'] = {20, 'Speed'},
	['Ship range'] = {21, 'Range'},
	['Ship endurance'] = {22, 'Endurance'},
	['Ship test depth'] = {23, 'Test depth'},
	['Ship boats'] = {24, 'Boats &amp; landing&lt;br /&gt;craft carried'},
	['Ship capacity'] = {25, 'Capacity'},
	['Ship troops'] = {26, 'Troops'},
	['Ship complement'] = {27, 'Complement'},
	['Ship crew'] = {28, 'Crew'},
	['Ship time to activate'] = {29, 'Time to activate'},
	['Ship sensors'] = {30, 'Sensors &amp;&lt;br /&gt;processing systems'},
	['Ship EW'] = {31, 'Electronic warfare&lt;br /&gt;&amp; decoys'},
	['Ship armament'] = {32, 'Armament'},
	['Ship armour'] = {33, 'Armour'},											-- make these two the same index?
	['Ship armor'] = {34, 'Armor'},
	['Ship aircraft'] = {35, 'Aircraft carried'},
	['Ship aircraft facilities'] = {36, 'Aviation facilities'},
	['Ship notes'] = {37, 'Notes'},
	}

local infobox_class_overview_params_t = {										-- table of parameters that are rendered in the same way
	['Name'] = {1, 'Name'},
	['Builders'] = {2, 'Builders'},
	['Operators'] = {3, 'Operators'},
	['Class before'] = {4, 'Preceded by'},
	['Class after'] = {5, 'Succeeded&amp;nbsp;by'},
	['Subclasses'] = {6, 'Subclasses'},
	['Cost'] = {7, 'Cost'},
	['Built range'] = {8, 'Built'},
	['In service range'] = {9, 'In service'},
	['In commission range'] = {10, 'In commission'},
	['Total ships planned'] = {11, 'Planned'},
	['Total ships on order'] = {12, 'On order'},
	['Total ships building'] = {13, 'Building'},
	['Total ships completed'] = {14, 'Completed'},
	['Total ships cancelled'] = {15, 'Cancelled'},
	['Total ships active'] = {16, 'Active'},
	['Total ships laid up'] = {17, 'Laid up'},
	['Total ships lost'] = {18, 'Lost'},
	['Total ships retired'] = {19, 'Retired'},
	['Total ships scrapped'] = {20, 'Scrapped'},
	['Total ships preserved'] = {21, 'Preserved'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E   P L I M S O L L &gt;----------------------------------------------------
]]

local subtitles_t = {
	['C'] = 'Chalutiers &amp;c.',													-- French headings used as subtitles; these appear on even page numbers
	['F'] = 'Liste des Navires Pourvus de Machines Frigorifiques',
	['NV'] = 'Navires à Voiles',
	['NVM'] = 'Navires à Vapeur et à Moteurs',
	
	['R'] = 'List of Vessels Fitted with Refrigerating Appliances',				-- English headings used as subtitles; these appear on odd page numbers
	['SM'] = 'Steamers &amp; Motorships',
	['SV'] = 'Sailing Vessels',
	['T'] = 'Trawlers &amp;c.',
	}

local subtitles_xlate_t = {
	['odd'] = {																	-- |filename= &lt;page_num&gt; is odd (en) so use French subtitle
		['C'] = 'T',															-- map fr keyword to en keyword
		['F'] = 'R',
		['NV'] = 'SV',
		['NVM'] = 'SM',
		},
	['even'] = {																-- |filename= &lt;page_num&gt; is even (fr) so use English subtitle
		['R'] = 'F',															-- map en keyword to fr keyword
		['SM'] = 'NVM',
		['SV'] = 'NV',
		['T'] = 'C',
		}
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	infobox_career_params_t = infobox_career_params_t,
	infobox_characteristics_params_t = infobox_characteristics_params_t,
	infobox_class_overview_params_t = infobox_class_overview_params_t,
	nationality_t = nationality_t,
	ship_prefix_t = ship_prefix_t,
	ship_type_t = ship_type_t,
	subtitles_t = subtitles_t,
	subtitles_xlate_t = subtitles_xlate_t,
	}</text>
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    <title>MS Pride of Free Enterprise</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7517" sha1="100vsyo8kuc9l1at06kmk7txh25nkyo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image = MV Oleander R01.jpg
 | image_caption = ''Oleander'' oo ku sugan [[Ostend]].
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header = 
 | name = *''Sher'' (2015–2015)
          *''Sherbatskiy'' (2013–2015)
          *''Oleander'' (2001–2013)
          *''P&amp;OSL Picardy'' (1999–2001)
          *''Pride of Bruges'' (1987–1999)
          *''Pride of Free Enterprise'' (1980–1987)
 | owner = *[[Novgorod Shipping Ltd]] (2013–2015)
           *[[Seabourne Navigational Company Limited]] (2001–2013)
           *[[P&amp;O European Ferries]] (1987–2001)
           *[[Townsend Thoresen]] (1980–1987)
 | operator = *[[Acciona Trasmediterranea]] (2013–2013)
              *[[Ferrimaroc]] (2012–2012)
              *[[Comarit]] (2010–2011)
              *[[TransEuropa Ferries]] (2001–2010)
              *[[P&amp;O Stena Line]] (1998–2001)
              *[[P&amp;O European Ferries]] (1987–1998)
              *[[Townsend Thoresen]] (1980–1987)
 | registry = *[[Limassol]], Qubrus (2001–2015)
              *[[Dover]], Boqortooyada Midowday (1980–2001)
 | route = 
 | ordered = 
 | builder = Schichau Unterweser AG, [[Jarmalka]]
 | original_cost = 
 | yard_number = 2281
 | way_number = 
 | laid_down = 
 | launched = 31 Maajo 1980
 | completed = 1980
 | christened = 
 | acquired = 
 | maiden_voyage = 1980
 | in_service = 1980
 | out_of_service = 2015
 | identification = *[[Maritime call sign|Calaamadda wicitaanka]]: P3ZJ8
                    *{{IMO Number|7820497}}
                    *{{MMSI Number|210422000}}
 | fate = Lagu burburiyay [[Alang]], [[Hindiya]] sannadkii 2015.
 | notes = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header = 
 | header_caption = 
 | class = 
 | tonnage = 13,728
 | displacement = 
 | length = {{convert|132.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;trans&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.transeuropaferries.com/index.php?page=ships&amp;id=20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322195842/http://www.transeuropaferries.com/index.php?page=ships&amp;id=20|archivedate=22 March 2012|title=Transeuropa Ferries: Oleander}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | beam = {{convert|23.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;trans&quot;/&gt;
 | height = 
 | draught = {{convert|5.72|m|ftin|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;trans&quot;/&gt;
 | draft = 
 | depth = 
 | decks = 
 | deck_clearance = 
 | ramps = 
 | ice_class = 
 | sail_plan = 
 | power = 24000 bhp&lt;ref name=&quot;trans&quot;/&gt;
 | propulsion = 3 × [[Sulzer (manufacturer)|Sulzer]] 12ZV40/48 matoorro
 | speed = {{convert|22|kn|lk=in}}&lt;ref name=&quot;trans&quot;/&gt;
 | capacity = 1,326 rakaab ah&lt;ref name=&quot;trans&quot;/&gt;
 | crew = 
 | notes = 
 }}
}}

'''MS ''Pride of Free Enterprise''''' wuxuu ahaa markab [[Roll-on/roll-off|RORO]] ah oo qaada rakaabka iyo xamuulka, kaas oo ka shaqayn jiray adeegyada u dhexeeya [[Almeria]] iyo [[Nador]] iyada oo lagu salaynayo waqti-kiro oo loo sameeyay hawlwadeenka markabka ee Isbaanishka [[Acciona Trasmediterranea]]. Markabka waxaa hore loo odhan jiray M/F ''Oleander'' (2001–2013), ''P&amp;OSL Picardy'' (1999–2001), ''Pride of Bruges'' (1987–1999) iyo ''Pride of Free Enterprise'' (1980–1987). Waxaa maamuli jiray [[FerriMaroc]] iyo [[Comarit]] intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2011, waxaana hore u lahaa oo maamuli jiray [[TransEuropa Ferries]] intii u dhaxaysay [[Ramsgate]] iyo [[Ostend]]. TransEuropa Ferries waxay markabka lahayd intii u dhaxaysay 2001 iyo 2013, waxayna maamuli jirtay intii u dhaxaysay 2001 iyo 2010 ka hor inta aanay kirayn. Waxaa lagu burburiyay Alang dabayaaqadii 2015 magaca ''Sher''.

==Taariikh==
[[File:Channel Ferry PRIDE OF BRUGES.jpg|left|thumb|''Pride of Bruges'' sannadkii 1993]]
''Pride of Free Enterprise'' waxaa dhisay Schichau Unterweser AG si loogu adeego [[European Ferries]] inta u dhaxaysa Dover iyo Calais, isaga oo markii hore bilaabay adeegga sannadkii 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrysite&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=7820497&amp;lang=en |website=The ferry site |title=M/F Oleander|accessdate=16 Jan 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1987 [[European Ferries]] waxaa iibsaday [[P&amp;O Ferries|P&amp;O European Ferries]]; isla sannadkaas markabkii la walaalka ahaa, ''[[Herald of Free Enterprise]]'' ayaa kula galay meel ka baxsan [[Zeebrugge]]. Natiijada labadan dhacdo awgeed, ''Pride of Free Enterprise'' waxaa loo bixiyay ''Pride of Bruges'' iyada oo qayb ka ah dib-u-magacaabid uu sameeyay P&amp;O ka dib sumcad-xumadii ka dhalatay masiibadii ''Herald of Free Enterprise''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/TEF.html#anchor140132|title=Trans Europa Ferries - Oleander |website=Simplon Postcards |accessdate=16 Jan 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Tef oleander ostend.JPG|left|thumb|MS ''Oleander'' oo ku soo wajahan [[Ostend]]]]
Sannadkii 1998 P&amp;O European Ferries waxay ku biirisay waddooyinkeeda gaagaaban [[Stena Line]] si ay u samayso [[P&amp;O Stena Line]]. Natiijada isku-biiritaankan, maraakiibta dib ayaa loo magacaabay, markan markabka waxaa loo bixiyay ''P&amp;OSL Picardy''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrysite&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 2000 ''P&amp;OSL Picardy'' waxaa loo dhigay si loo iibiyo, ugu dambayntiina waxaa loo iibiyay [[Transeuropa Ferries]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrysite&quot;/&gt;

Transeuropa Ferries waxay u beddeshay magaca markabka ''Oleander'' waxayna soo bandhigtay adeeg xamuul oo kaliya oo u dhexeeya [[Ramsgate]] iyo [[Ostend]] kaas oo bilaabmay 4 Luulyo 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portofoostende.be/news/detail2.asp?idnr=137 |title=Transeuropa Ferries waxay kordhisay inta jeer ee Ramsgate iyadoo la soo bandhigayo ''Oleander'' |date=5 Luulyo 2002 |website=Port of Oostende |accessdate=16 Jan 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607134155/http://www.portofoostende.be/news/detail2.asp?idnr=137 |archivedate=7 Juun 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba sano ka dib, 20 Luulyo 2004 ''Oleander'' waxaa ku soo biiray ''Larkspur'' si ay u bixiyaan adeeg wadaag ah oo rakaab/xamuul ah oo sidoo kale ka shaqaynaya labada dekedood.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portofoostende.be/news/detail2.asp?idnr=204 |title=Ku dhawaaqista rasmiga ah ee adeegga rakaabka: Dib-u-soo-nooleynta adeegga rakaabka ee xiriirka tooska ah ee u dhexeeya Ostend iyo Ramsgate |date=11 Juun 2004 |website=Port of Oostende  |accessdate=16 Jan 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607142258/http://www.portofoostende.be/news/detail2.asp?idnr=204 |archivedate=2008-06-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Laga bilaabo 2010 iyo wixii ka dambeeya ''Oleander'' badanaa waxay ku shiraacan jirtay khadadka Spain - Morocco oo leh heshiisyo gaagaaban oo ka yimid TEF ilaa [[Comarit]] ama [[FerriMaroc]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrysite&quot;/&gt; Markii TEF ay kacday Abriil 2013, Oleander waxay u guurtay qaab ka sii joogto ah [[Acciona Trasmediterránea]] waxayna ku shiraacatay waddada [[Almeria]] ilaa [[Nador Port|Nador]] iyada oo ah M/F ''Sherbatskiy''. Markabka waxaa loo bixiyay ''Sher'' socdaalkiisa ugu dambeeya ee uu ku tegay goobta burburinta ee Alang, Hindiya, waxaana la burburiyay dabayaaqadii 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferrysite&quot;/&gt;

==Maraakiibta la walaalka ah==
*''[[MS Anthi Marina|Spirit of Free Enterprise]]'' (1979) - ''Pride of Kent'' (1987) - ''MS Anthi Marina'' (2006) - la burburiyay: Sebteembar 2012.
*''[[MS Herald of Free Enterprise|Herald of Free Enterprise]]'' (1979) - kula galay 6 Maarso 1987 dekedda Zeebrugge - dib ayaa loo dabaashay, magaca waxaa loo beddelay ''Flushing Range'' socdaalkii ugu dambeeyay ee goobta burburinta. La burburiyay: 1988

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{P&amp;O ships|irish=no|pandoro=no|portsmouth=no|north=no|ferries=no}}
{{European Ferries ships}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pride of Free Enterprise}}</text>
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    <title>MV Patra</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= Kronprins Frederik (5971002509).jpg
 |image_size=
 |image_caption= MV ''Patra'' oo loo yaqaanay ''Kronprins Frederik'', la qaaday 24 Luulyo 1953. 
 |image_alt=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |name=''Patra''
 |owner=Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta (Arab Navigation Company)
 |registry= Masar
 |route=Jeddah–Suez (1976)
 |ordered=
 |builder=A/S Helsingør Jernskibs- og Maskinbyggeri, Helsingør, Danmark
 |original_cost=
 |yard_number=262
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=14 Noofambar 1939
 |launched=20 Juun 1940
 |completed=
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=1946
 |out_of_service=1976
 |identification=Calaamadda wicitaanka: OZHW
 |fate=Wuxuu qabsaday dab wuxuuna ku degay Badda Cas 24 Disembar 1976
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |type=[[Markabka rakaabka (ferry)]]
 |tonnage={{GRT|3895}}
 |displacement=
 |length={{cvt|114.48|m|ftin}} ([[Dhererka guud|guud]])
 |beam={{cvt|15.20|m|ftin}}
 |height=
 |draught={{cvt|5.66|m|ftin}}
 |draft=
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power=2 × Burmeister &amp; Wain 1050-VF-90 matoorro naafto ah
 |propulsion=Twin screw
 |speed={{convert|20.25|kn|lk=in}}
 |capacity=358 rakaab ah
 |crew=
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''MV ''Patra''''', oo hore loo odhan jiray '''''Kronprins Frederik''''', wuxuu ahaa [[markabka rakaabka (ferry)]] laga dhisay Danmark sannadkii 1941 meel ku taal [[Helsingør]] Shipyard, Danmark. Waxa uu inta badan ka shaqayn jiray waddooyinka [[Badda Waqooyi]] isaga oo ay iska lahayd shirkadda [[Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab]] (DFDS). Bishii Maarso 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta ee Suez waxaana loo beddelay magaca ''Patra''. 24 Disembar 1976, markabkii rakaabka (ferry) wuxuu degay ka dib markii uu dab qabsaday isaga oo ka socda [[Jeddah]] una socda [[Suez]] gudaha [[Badda Cas]].

== Taariikh ==
=== Dhismaha ===
11 Janaayo 1939, Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab A/S ee Danmark waxay dalbadeen markab rakaab ah oo loogu talagalay adeegga DFDS North Sea. Markabka waxaa loogu magac daray Amiirka Dhaxalka leh Frederik ee Danmark, kaas oo markii dambe noqday [[Boqor Frederik IX]]. Markabka waxaa lagu dhisay A/S Helsingør Jernskibs og Maskinbygerri shipyard, oo ku taal Helsingør, Danmark ee dayrka No. 262. 14 Noofambar 1939, [[keelka]] ayaa la [[Keel laying|dhigay]], ''Kronprins Frederik'' ayaana la [[Ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] 20 Juun 1940.&lt;ref name=Patra1&gt;{{cite web |title=M/S Kronprins Frederik (1941) |url=https://www.faktaomfartyg.se/kronprins_frederik_1941.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dhererka guud]] wuxuu ahaa {{convert|114.48|m|ftin}}, [[beam-ka]] wuxuu cabbirkiisu ahaa {{cvt|15.20|m|ftin}}, [[draft-kana]] wuxuu cabbirkiisu ahaa {{cvt|5.66|m|ftin}}. Markabka waxaa lagu qiimeeyay {{DWT|1720|disp=long}}, {{GRT|3,895|disp=long}} iyo {{NRT|2284|disp=long}}. Markabka waxaa lagu dhisay qolka cuntada ee heerka koowaad, qolka sigaarka ee heerka koowaad, iyo qolka nasashada ee heerka labaad. Tirada guud ee sariiraha waxay ahayd 302, awoodda rakaabka guudna waxay ahayd 358. Waxaa waday laba Burmeister &amp; Wain 1050-VF-90 [[matoorro naafto ah]], kuwaas oo abuuray qiyaastii {{convert|7100|hp|lk=in}}, iyada oo xawaaraheeda adeeggu gaadhay {{convert|20.25|kn|lk=in}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=M/S Kronprins Frederik (1941–1976) |url=https://www.kwmosgaard.dk/ferries/kronprinsfrederik_1941.htm |website=Danske Færger – K.W. Mosgaard |publisher=kwmosgaard.dk |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

19 Juun 1941, markabka waxaa loo dhiibay DFDS oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Esbjerg]], Danmark. Dillaaca [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] awgeed, qaybaha matoorka laguma rakibin markabka si looga fogaado in ay Jarmalku qabsadaan. Hull-ka markabka waxaa markii dambe loo jiiday [[Copenhagen]] waxaana la dhigay meel, halkaas oo uu ku jiray intii uu dagaalku socday. 5 Noofambar 1945, ''Kronprins Frederik'' waxaa loo jiiday Helsingør Shipyard and Machine Works si loo dhammaystiro. 11 Maarso 1946, markabku wuxuu ka dhoofay Helsingør isaga oo u sii jeeda Copenhagen wuxuuna bilaabay adeegga 25 May 1946.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

=== Hawlgallada ===
Isagoo bilaabaya 26 May 1946 ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu bilaabay waddada Esbjerg - [[Harwich]]. Sebteembar–Oktoobar 1946, waxaa lagu rakibay [[Decca Navigator System|DECCA Navigational System]] oo ay bixisay [[Metropolitan-Vickers|Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Export Co. Ltd.]], taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah maraakiibtii ugu horreysay ee Danmark oo lagu rakibo qalab [[radar]] ah oo noocaas ah.&lt;ref name=Patra2&gt;{{cite web |title=Patria (ex. Kronprins Frederik) – Shipwrecks of Egypt |url=http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/images/shippages/patria.html |website=Shipwrecks of Egypt |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055945/http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/images/shippages/patria.html |archive-date=2011-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

19 Abriil 1953, markabku wuxuu yimid Harwich, England wuxuuna ku xidhay Parkeston Quay, halkaas oo uu dab ka kacay qolalka rakaabka. Dadaallada dab-demiska waxaa sameeyay shaqaalaha markabka; si kastaba ha ahaatee, way awoodi waayeen inay xakameeyaan dabka. Kooxaha dab-demiska ee degaanka ayaa markii dambe yimid si ay u bixiyaan caawimo dheeraad ah welina way awoodi waayeen inay xakameeyaan dabka. Saacadu markay ahayd 22:00, markabku wuxuu bilaabay inuu dago, 05:00 subaxnimadii xigtay, wuxuu bilaabay inuu u janjeero dhinaca [[Port and starboard|midig]]. Haamaha shidaalka ayaa sidoo kale dillaacay, kuwaas oo u daatay biyaha ku xeeran dabna qabsaday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, DFDS kama quusan markabka, ka dibna hawlgallo badbaadin oo ballaadhan, markabka ayaa si guul leh loo dabaashay 26 Ogosto 1953.&lt;ref name=Patra2/&gt; Waxaa loo keenay Harwich si loo sameeyo dayactir ku meel gaar ah, waxaana markii dambe safarkii u bilaabay Helsingør 13 Sebteembar 1953, si dib loogu dhiso. Shan maalmood ka dib, markabku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna ku soo noqday adeeggii 23 Abriil 1954. 7 May sannadkaas, ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu ku soo noqday adeeggii waddada Esbjerg - Harwich.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;
[[File:Kronprins Frederik &amp; Kronprinsesse Ingrid (5768033885).jpg|thumb|''Kronprins Frederik'' (gadaal) iyo ''Kronprinsess Ingrid'' (hore), la qaaday 28 May 1949.]]

Sannadkii 1964, markabku wuxuu joojiyay waddada wuxuuna bilaabay waddada Esbjerg - [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] 26 Juun 1964. Laga bilaabo 24 May 1965 ilaa 1 Juun 1965, markabka waxaa loo [[chartering (shipping)|kireeyay]] Royal Automobile Club oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Stockholm]] si ay ugu safraan inta u dhaxaysa Stockholm, [[Leningrad]], iyo Copenhagen. Laga bilaabo 2 Juun 1965 ilaa 8 Juun 1965, markabku wuxuu u shaqaynayay sidii safar u dhexeeya Copenhagen, [[Leith]], Newcastle, iyo Esbjerg. Laga bilaabo 10 Juun 1965, ilaa 11 Sebteembar 1965, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle. 15 Janaayo 1966, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Copenhagen - [[Tórshavn]] - [[Klaksvík]] - [[Trangisvágur]] - [[Reykjavík]]. Laga bilaabo 10 Juun 1966 ilaa 11 Sebteembar 1966, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle. Markii dambe wuxuu u beddelay waddada Copenhagen - Tórshavn - Klaksvík - Trangisvágur - Reykjavík ee bishaas.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

5 Oktoobar 1970, wicitaannadii Reykjavík waa la joojiyay, markabkana waxaa dib loo dhisay si uu u bixiyo hoyga hal-fasal oo kaliya sannadkii 1971. 4 May 1971, waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay DFDS A/S. 2 May 1972, wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Tórshavn - Trangisvágur. Xilliyadii xagaaga laga bilaabo 1972 ilaa 1974, wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle - Tórshavn. 9 Luulyo 1974, ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu yimid Esbjerg si uu u sameeyo safarkii ugu dambeeyay ee DFDS. Ka dib 35 sano oo adeeg ah oo hoos yimaada DFDS sida ''Kronprins Frederik'', waxaa loo dhigay Esbjerg waxaana loo dhiibay iib. 10 Maarso 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta ee Suez, Masar.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

=== Sida ''Patra'' ===
16 Maarso 1976, ''Kronprins Frederik'' waxaa la wareegay milkiilayaasheeda cusub waxaana markii dambe loo beddelay ''Patra''.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

24 Disembar 1976, qolka matoorka ee ''Patra'' ayaa dab qabsaday isaga oo ku sugan [[Badda Cas]] qiyaastii {{convert|50|mi}} u jirta [[Jeddah]]. Wuxuu u sii jeeday Suez isaga oo ka socda Jeddah, isaga oo siday 387 rakaab ah iyo 94 xubnood oo shaqaale ah, kuwaas oo badankoodu ahaayeen Muslimiin ka soo noqonayay xajka magaalooyinka [[Mecca]] iyo [[Medina]]. Dabku wuxuu noqday mid aan la xakameyn karin, rakaabkana waxaa la amray inay ku boodaan badda halkaas oo maraakiib u dhow ay sugayeen inay soo qaadaan. Tanker-kii Ruushka [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]] ''Lenino'' ayaa soo qaaday kabtankii markabka iyo 201 qof oo ka badbaaday burburka waxaana loo keenay [[Cairo]]. Subaxnimadii 25 Disembar, ''Patra'' wuxuu degay isaga oo weli gubanaya. Hawlgalkii badbaadinta waxaa kale oo ka mid ahaa nus darsin maraakiib kale oo ka socda Mareykanka, Giriiga, Jarmalka, iyo Bakistaan. Rakaabkii iyo shaqaalihii saarnaa, 102 ayaa dhintay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=100 La Soo Sheegay Inay Ku Dhimatay Degista Badda Cas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/26/archives/100-reported-dead-in-red-sea-sinking-the-total-of-victims-from.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 Disembar 1976 |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=طالب كويتي من بين الناجين من الباخرة المصرية «باترا» يحكي تفاصيل رحلة الموت
|url=https://www.alqabas.com/article/5902716-1976-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%**D**A%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA |publisher=Al-Qabas |language=ar |accessdate=15 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Markab gubanaya ayaa degay; 100 ayaa ku dhintay Badda Cas |url=https://greenbaypressgazette.newspapers.com/image/189859384/ |newspaper=Green Bay Press-Gazette |page=2 |date=26 Disembar 1976 |location=Green Bay, Wisconsin |accessdate=15 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burburku wuxuu yaallaa sagxadda Badda Cas ee qoto dheer oo ka badan {{convert|450|m|ft|-1}}, oo ku taal qiyaastii {{coord|21|33|36|N|38|16|48|E|display=inline,title}}.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patra}}</text>
      <sha1>hqfn0uxiclf6rbn1vebkl05if3geqza</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>299062</id>
      <parentid>299061</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:38:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299062</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10616" sha1="ezbaqhellf8pds1odoeiaqa2dpa8i8j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= Kronprins Frederik (5971002509).jpg
 |image_size=
 |image_caption= MV ''Patra'' oo loo yaqaanay ''Kronprins Frederik'', la qaaday 24 Luulyo 1953. 
 |image_alt=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |name=''Patra''
 |owner=Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta (Arab Navigation Company)
 |registry= Masar
 |route=Jeddah–Suez (1976)
 |ordered=
 |builder=A/S Helsingør Jernskibs- og Maskinbyggeri, Helsingør, Danmark
 |original_cost=
 |yard_number=262
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=14 Noofambar 1939
 |launched=20 Juun 1940
 |completed=
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=1946
 |out_of_service=1976
 |identification=Calaamadda wicitaanka: OZHW
 |fate=Wuxuu qabsaday dab wuxuuna ku degay Badda Cas 24 Disembar 1976
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |type=[[Markabka rakaabka (ferry)]]
 |tonnage={{GRT|3895}}
 |displacement=
 |length={{cvt|114.48|m|ftin}} ([[Dhererka guud|guud]])
 |beam={{cvt|15.20|m|ftin}}
 |height=
 |draught={{cvt|5.66|m|ftin}}
 |draft=
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power=2 × Burmeister &amp; Wain 1050-VF-90 matoorro naafto ah
 |propulsion=Twin screw
 |speed={{convert|20.25|kn|lk=in}}
 |capacity=358 rakaab ah
 |crew=
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''MV ''Patra''''', oo hore loo odhan jiray '''''Kronprins Frederik''''', wuxuu ahaa [[markabka rakaabka]] laga dhisay Danmark sannadkii 1941 meel ku taal [[Helsingør]] Shipyard, Danmark. Waxa uu inta badan ka shaqayn jiray waddooyinka [[Badda Waqooyi]] isaga oo ay iska lahayd shirkadda [[Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab]] (DFDS). Bishii Maarso 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta ee Suez waxaana loo beddelay magaca ''Patra''. 24 Disembar 1976, markabkii rakaabka (ferry) wuxuu degay ka dib markii uu dab qabsaday isaga oo ka socda [[Jeddah]] una socda [[Suez]] gudaha [[Badda Cas]].

== Taariikh ==
=== Dhismaha ===
11 Janaayo 1939, Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab A/S ee Danmark waxay dalbadeen markab rakaab ah oo loogu talagalay adeegga DFDS North Sea. Markabka waxaa loogu magac daray Amiirka Dhaxalka leh Frederik ee Danmark, kaas oo markii dambe noqday [[Boqor Frederik IX]]. Markabka waxaa lagu dhisay A/S Helsingør Jernskibs og Maskinbygerri shipyard, oo ku taal Helsingør, Danmark ee dayrka No. 262. 14 Noofambar 1939, [[keelka]] ayaa la [[Keel laying|dhigay]], ''Kronprins Frederik'' ayaana la [[Ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] 20 Juun 1940.&lt;ref name=Patra1&gt;{{cite web |title=M/S Kronprins Frederik (1941) |url=https://www.faktaomfartyg.se/kronprins_frederik_1941.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dhererka guud]] wuxuu ahaa {{convert|114.48|m|ftin}}, [[beam-ka]] wuxuu cabbirkiisu ahaa {{cvt|15.20|m|ftin}}, [[draft-kana]] wuxuu cabbirkiisu ahaa {{cvt|5.66|m|ftin}}. Markabka waxaa lagu qiimeeyay {{DWT|1720|disp=long}}, {{GRT|3,895|disp=long}} iyo {{NRT|2284|disp=long}}. Markabka waxaa lagu dhisay qolka cuntada ee heerka koowaad, qolka sigaarka ee heerka koowaad, iyo qolka nasashada ee heerka labaad. Tirada guud ee sariiraha waxay ahayd 302, awoodda rakaabka guudna waxay ahayd 358. Waxaa waday laba Burmeister &amp; Wain 1050-VF-90 [[matoorro naafto ah]], kuwaas oo abuuray qiyaastii {{convert|7100|hp|lk=in}}, iyada oo xawaaraheeda adeeggu gaadhay {{convert|20.25|kn|lk=in}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=M/S Kronprins Frederik (1941–1976) |url=https://www.kwmosgaard.dk/ferries/kronprinsfrederik_1941.htm |website=Danske Færger – K.W. Mosgaard |publisher=kwmosgaard.dk |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

19 Juun 1941, markabka waxaa loo dhiibay DFDS oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Esbjerg]], Danmark. Dillaaca [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] awgeed, qaybaha matoorka laguma rakibin markabka si looga fogaado in ay Jarmalku qabsadaan. Hull-ka markabka waxaa markii dambe loo jiiday [[Copenhagen]] waxaana la dhigay meel, halkaas oo uu ku jiray intii uu dagaalku socday. 5 Noofambar 1945, ''Kronprins Frederik'' waxaa loo jiiday Helsingør Shipyard and Machine Works si loo dhammaystiro. 11 Maarso 1946, markabku wuxuu ka dhoofay Helsingør isaga oo u sii jeeda Copenhagen wuxuuna bilaabay adeegga 25 May 1946.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

=== Hawlgallada ===
Isagoo bilaabaya 26 May 1946 ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu bilaabay waddada Esbjerg - [[Harwich]]. Sebteembar–Oktoobar 1946, waxaa lagu rakibay [[Decca Navigator System|DECCA Navigational System]] oo ay bixisay [[Metropolitan-Vickers|Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Export Co. Ltd.]], taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah maraakiibtii ugu horreysay ee Danmark oo lagu rakibo qalab [[radar]] ah oo noocaas ah.&lt;ref name=Patra2&gt;{{cite web |title=Patria (ex. Kronprins Frederik) – Shipwrecks of Egypt |url=http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/images/shippages/patria.html |website=Shipwrecks of Egypt |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055945/http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/images/shippages/patria.html |archive-date=2011-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

19 Abriil 1953, markabku wuxuu yimid Harwich, England wuxuuna ku xidhay Parkeston Quay, halkaas oo uu dab ka kacay qolalka rakaabka. Dadaallada dab-demiska waxaa sameeyay shaqaalaha markabka; si kastaba ha ahaatee, way awoodi waayeen inay xakameeyaan dabka. Kooxaha dab-demiska ee degaanka ayaa markii dambe yimid si ay u bixiyaan caawimo dheeraad ah welina way awoodi waayeen inay xakameeyaan dabka. Saacadu markay ahayd 22:00, markabku wuxuu bilaabay inuu dago, 05:00 subaxnimadii xigtay, wuxuu bilaabay inuu u janjeero dhinaca [[Port and starboard|midig]]. Haamaha shidaalka ayaa sidoo kale dillaacay, kuwaas oo u daatay biyaha ku xeeran dabna qabsaday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, DFDS kama quusan markabka, ka dibna hawlgallo badbaadin oo ballaadhan, markabka ayaa si guul leh loo dabaashay 26 Ogosto 1953.&lt;ref name=Patra2/&gt; Waxaa loo keenay Harwich si loo sameeyo dayactir ku meel gaar ah, waxaana markii dambe safarkii u bilaabay Helsingør 13 Sebteembar 1953, si dib loogu dhiso. Shan maalmood ka dib, markabku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna ku soo noqday adeeggii 23 Abriil 1954. 7 May sannadkaas, ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu ku soo noqday adeeggii waddada Esbjerg - Harwich.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;
[[File:Kronprins Frederik &amp; Kronprinsesse Ingrid (5768033885).jpg|thumb|''Kronprins Frederik'' (gadaal) iyo ''Kronprinsess Ingrid'' (hore), la qaaday 28 May 1949.]]

Sannadkii 1964, markabku wuxuu joojiyay waddada wuxuuna bilaabay waddada Esbjerg - [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] 26 Juun 1964. Laga bilaabo 24 May 1965 ilaa 1 Juun 1965, markabka waxaa loo [[chartering (shipping)|kireeyay]] Royal Automobile Club oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Stockholm]] si ay ugu safraan inta u dhaxaysa Stockholm, [[Leningrad]], iyo Copenhagen. Laga bilaabo 2 Juun 1965 ilaa 8 Juun 1965, markabku wuxuu u shaqaynayay sidii safar u dhexeeya Copenhagen, [[Leith]], Newcastle, iyo Esbjerg. Laga bilaabo 10 Juun 1965, ilaa 11 Sebteembar 1965, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle. 15 Janaayo 1966, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Copenhagen - [[Tórshavn]] - [[Klaksvík]] - [[Trangisvágur]] - [[Reykjavík]]. Laga bilaabo 10 Juun 1966 ilaa 11 Sebteembar 1966, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle. Markii dambe wuxuu u beddelay waddada Copenhagen - Tórshavn - Klaksvík - Trangisvágur - Reykjavík ee bishaas.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

5 Oktoobar 1970, wicitaannadii Reykjavík waa la joojiyay, markabkana waxaa dib loo dhisay si uu u bixiyo hoyga hal-fasal oo kaliya sannadkii 1971. 4 May 1971, waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay DFDS A/S. 2 May 1972, wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Tórshavn - Trangisvágur. Xilliyadii xagaaga laga bilaabo 1972 ilaa 1974, wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle - Tórshavn. 9 Luulyo 1974, ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu yimid Esbjerg si uu u sameeyo safarkii ugu dambeeyay ee DFDS. Ka dib 35 sano oo adeeg ah oo hoos yimaada DFDS sida ''Kronprins Frederik'', waxaa loo dhigay Esbjerg waxaana loo dhiibay iib. 10 Maarso 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta ee Suez, Masar.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

=== Sida ''Patra'' ===
16 Maarso 1976, ''Kronprins Frederik'' waxaa la wareegay milkiilayaasheeda cusub waxaana markii dambe loo beddelay ''Patra''.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

24 Disembar 1976, qolka matoorka ee ''Patra'' ayaa dab qabsaday isaga oo ku sugan [[Badda Cas]] qiyaastii {{convert|50|mi}} u jirta [[Jeddah]]. Wuxuu u sii jeeday Suez isaga oo ka socda Jeddah, isaga oo siday 387 rakaab ah iyo 94 xubnood oo shaqaale ah, kuwaas oo badankoodu ahaayeen Muslimiin ka soo noqonayay xajka magaalooyinka [[Mecca]] iyo [[Medina]]. Dabku wuxuu noqday mid aan la xakameyn karin, rakaabkana waxaa la amray inay ku boodaan badda halkaas oo maraakiib u dhow ay sugayeen inay soo qaadaan. Tanker-kii Ruushka [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]] ''Lenino'' ayaa soo qaaday kabtankii markabka iyo 201 qof oo ka badbaaday burburka waxaana loo keenay [[Cairo]]. Subaxnimadii 25 Disembar, ''Patra'' wuxuu degay isaga oo weli gubanaya. Hawlgalkii badbaadinta waxaa kale oo ka mid ahaa nus darsin maraakiib kale oo ka socda Mareykanka, Giriiga, Jarmalka, iyo Bakistaan. Rakaabkii iyo shaqaalihii saarnaa, 102 ayaa dhintay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=100 La Soo Sheegay Inay Ku Dhimatay Degista Badda Cas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/26/archives/100-reported-dead-in-red-sea-sinking-the-total-of-victims-from.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 Disembar 1976 |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=طالب كويتي من بين الناجين من الباخرة المصرية «باترا» يحكي تفاصيل رحلة الموت
|url=https://www.alqabas.com/article/5902716-1976-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%**D**A%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA |publisher=Al-Qabas |language=ar |accessdate=15 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Markab gubanaya ayaa degay; 100 ayaa ku dhintay Badda Cas |url=https://greenbaypressgazette.newspapers.com/image/189859384/ |newspaper=Green Bay Press-Gazette |page=2 |date=26 Disembar 1976 |location=Green Bay, Wisconsin |accessdate=15 Janaayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burburku wuxuu yaallaa sagxadda Badda Cas ee qoto dheer oo ka badan {{convert|450|m|ft|-1}}, oo ku taal qiyaastii {{coord|21|33|36|N|38|16|48|E|display=inline,title}}.&lt;ref name=Patra1/&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patra}}</text>
      <sha1>ezbaqhellf8pds1odoeiaqa2dpa8i8j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Naxos Jet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47701</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299063</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:42:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299063</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6334" sha1="3iq5np2zb3bqqm36clm1fi1fnheujqf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|infobox_caption=''Naxos Jet''
|display_title=ital
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image = Large.P1110381.JPG.2112e0146a8ac5a6b77dd52809fcfdd6.jpg
 |image_caption             = Naxos Jet oo ku sugan [[Irakleia, Cyclades|Irakleia]]
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | country =Giriigga
 | flag = {{shipboxflag|Greece}}
 | name = *1992–1994: ''Seacat Scotland''
          *1994–1995: ''Q Ship Express''
          *1995–2007: ''Seacat Scotland''
          *2007-2007: ''Shikra''
          *2007–2010: ''Al Huda II''
          *2010–2016: ''Cyclades Express''
          *2016–Hadda: ''Naxos Jet''
 | namesake = 
 | owner = 
 | operator = *1992–1994: [[SeaCat]]
              *1994–1995: [[Q Ships]]
              *1995–1997: [[SeaCat]]
              *1997–1998: [[Navegacion Atlantica]]
              *1998–2003: [[SeaCat]]
              *2003–2004: [[Hoverspeed]]
              *2004–2007: laid up
              *2007–2010: [[Fortune Maritime]]
              *2010–2016: [[NEL Lines]]
              *2016–hadda: [[Seajets]]
 | registry = *1992–1997: {{flag|Bahamas}}
              *1997–2007: {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
              *2007–2010: {{flag|Panama}}
              *2010–hadda: {{flag|Greece|civil}}
 | builder = [[Incat]], Awstraaliya
 | yard_number = 028
 | route = 
 | ordered = 
 | awarded = 
 | laid_down = 
 | launched = 29 Oktoobar 1991
 | christened = 
 | completed = 
 | maiden_voyage = 1992
 | in_service = 1992
 | out_of_service = 
 | renamed = 
 | homeport = 
 | identification = {{IMO Number|8919518}}
 | status = Adeegga ku jira.
 | notes = 
 | badge = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header = 
 | header_caption = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/seacat_scotland_1992.htm|title = HSC Seacat Scotland (1992)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | class = 
 | type = 
 | tonnage = {{GT|3,003}}
 | length = {{convert|74|m|ft|abbr=on}}
 | beam = {{convert|26|m|ft|abbr=on}}
 | draught = {{convert|2.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}
 | propulsion = *4 × [[Ruston (engine builder)|Ruston]] 16RK 270 matoorro naafto ah
                *4 × [[Wartsila|Lips]] water-jets
 | speed = {{convert|36|kn|km/h}}
 | range = 
 | capacity = *500 rakaab ah
              *88 gaadiid ah
 | sensors = 
 | notes = 
 }}
}}

'''''Naxos Jet''''' waa markab [[High-speed craft|xawaare sare]] oo [[catamaran]] ah oo ay maamusho [[Seajets]] gudaha [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]].

==Taariikh==
'''''Naxos Jet''''' waxaa la dhisay sannadkii 1992-kii iyada oo ah '''''Seacat Scotland''''' oo loo dhisay shirkadda [[Sea Containers]]. Waxaa loo dhisay si loo [[Inauguration|daahfuro]] adeeg markab xawaare sare leh oo cusub oo u dhexeeya [[Stranraer]] iyo [[Belfast]]. Kahor inta aan la bilaabin adeegga [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|North Channel]] waxay si kooban uga shaqaynaysay waddada [[Dover]] ilaa [[Calais]] ee loogu talagalay [[Hoverspeed]].

Jiilaalkii 1994/1995 waxaa loo [[Chartering (shipping)|kireeyay]] hawlwadeenka bariga dhexena [[Middle East|middle eastern]] ee Q Ships si ay ugu adeegaan [[Red Sea]]. doorkan waxaa loo beddelay magaca '''''Q Ship Express'''''. Intii uu socday kireynta, waddada Stranraer – Belfast waxaa maamuli jiray [[HSC Snaefell|Seacat Isle of Man]]. Markii la dhammaystiray kireynta, waxay ku noqotay waddada [[Stranraer]] – [[Belfast]], iyada oo u beddeshay magaceedii asalka ahaa.

''Seacat Scotland'' ayaa markale la kireeyay jiilaalkii 1997/1998. Markan shirkadda maraakiibta ee [[Uruguay]]an ee Navegacion Atlantida S.A. si ay ugu adeegto [[Río de la Plata|River Plate]]. Waxay ku soo noqotay North Channel xilliga xagaaga ee 1998. [[Sea Containers]] waxay ka baxday Stranraer sannadkii 2000 iyada oo doorbiday [[Troon]] ka dib tartankii culus ee ka yimid [[Stena Line]] iyo [[P&amp;O Irish Sea]] ee [[Loch Ryan]]. ''Seacat Scotland'' waxay ka shaqaynaysay waddada Belfast – Troon ilaa 2003 markii lagu beddelay [[HSC Jaume II|''Rapide'']].

''Seacat Scotland'' waxay u wareegtay waddada Hoverspeed Dover – Calais oo ay ka shaqaynaysay ''Seacat Danmark'' iyo ''Seacat France''. Waxay ku sii jirtay [[English Channel]] ilaa Sebteembar 2005 markii mar kale lagu beddelay [[HSC Jaume II|''Rapide'']].

Waxay ka baxday Dover Sebteembar 2004 iyada oo u sii jeedda dayrka Pallion ee [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]. Waxay ku sii jirtay Sunderland ilaa laga iibinayay Fortune Maritime Enterprises. Waxay ka baxtay Sunderland Abriil 2007&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.doverferryphotos.co.uk/pastandpresent/scot.htm |title=Welcome to Dover Ferry Photos &amp;#124; Past and Present - Seacat Scotland |access-date=2010-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106175640/http://www.doverferryphotos.co.uk/pastandpresent/scot.htm |archive-date=2010-01-06 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo u sii jeedda [[Keratsini]] sida '''''Shikra'''''. Kahor inta aan la gelin adeegga u dhexeeya [[Port Safaga|Safaga]] iyo [[Dhuba]] waxaa loo beddelay magaca '''''Al Huda I'''''.

Bishii Luulyo 2010 ''Al Huda I'' waxay timid [[Perama]]. Intii lagu jiray dayactirkeeda waxaa lagu rinjiyeeyay livery-ga [[NEL Lines]] waxaana loo beddelay magaca '''''Cyclades Express'''''.

Horraantii 2016, ''Cyclades Express'' waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda markabka ee Seajets waxaana la qorsheeyay in loo beddelo magaca '''''Naxos Jet'''''. Laga soo bilaabo 2016 oo hoos timaada magaca ''Naxos Jet'' wuxuuna shaqeeyaa xagaa kasta laga bilaabo Piraeus ilaa jasiiradaha Aegean.

==Maraakiibta la walaalka ah==
* ''[[HSC Cat|Cat]]''
* ''[[High Speed Jet|Speedrunner 1]]''
* ''[[Caldera Vista|Master Jet]]''
* ''Pescara Jet''
* ''[[Condor 10]]''
* ''Mandarin''

Waxaa sidoo kale jira laba maraakiib kale oo 74m ah oo ay dhistay Incat laakiin waxay muujinayaan farqi cad oo u dhexeeya maraakiibta naqshadeynta 74m ee heerka sare ah. Kuwani waa:-
* ''Patricia Olivia'' – Hoyga rakaabka oo wax laga beddelay iyo daaqadaha hore.
* ''Atlantic III'' – Waxay leedahay muuqaalka naqshadda Incat 78m.

Waxaa sidoo kale jira laba maraakiib kale oo 74m ah oo ay dhistay Incat laakiin waxay muujinayaan farqi cad oo u dhexeeya maraakiibta naqshadeynta 74m ee heerka sare ah. Kuwani waa:-
* ''Patricia Olivia'' – Hoyga rakaabka oo wax laga beddelay iyo daaqadaha hore.
* ''Atlantic III'' – Waxay leedahay muuqaalka naqshadda Incat 78m.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>3iq5np2zb3bqqm36clm1fi1fnheujqf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Furna (Brava)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>299064</id>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="2991" sha1="1kopid068zxf74cqo5biweim7ht15ln" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Furna 
| image_skyline   = Furna Cape Verde.jpg
| image_size=
| image_caption   = Furna oo ku taal jasiiradda Brava, Cape Verde
| coordinates = {{coord|14.887|-24.680|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = 10
| key        = 91102
}}

'''Furna''' waa bulsho xeeb ah oo ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[Brava, Cape Verde|Brava]], [[Cape Verde]]. Waxay u jirtaa 2.5 km waqooyi-bari ee caasimadda jasiiradda ee [[Nova Sintra]]. Sannadkii 2010 tirakoobkii dadka waxaa lagu sheegay 612.

==Ku saabsan tuulada==
Degenaanshaha waxaa lagu xusay ''Fuurno'' khariidaddii 1747 ee uu sameeyay [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Furna waxay noqotay dekedda ugu muhiimsan ee Brava sannadkii 1843.&lt;ref&gt;Reitmeier, Pitt: ''Cabo Verde'', p.415. Bielefeld 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1982, doomaha badan iyo guryaha qaar ee Furna waxaa burburiyay hirar gaadhay dherer dhan ilaa 10 mitir kuwaas oo ay sababtay duufaantii kuleylaha ahayd ''Beryl''.&lt;ref&gt;Osang, Rolf: ''Kapverdische Inseln'', p.151. Cologne 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; Dekedda waxaa la horumariyay sannadkii 2000.&lt;ref&gt;Lipps, Susanne: ''Kapverdische Inseln'', p.270. Ostfildern 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira xidhiidhka doon ee taga São Filipe ee Fogo iyo [[Praia]] ee [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]]. 
[[File:FurnaEscola.jpg|thumb|right|Dugsiga oo leh rinjiyeyn darbiga ah]]

Brava waxay leedahay kaniisad loo yaqaan Nossa Senhora de Boa Viagem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hpip.org/def/pt/Homepage/Obra?a=1700|title=Capela de Nossa Senhora de Boa Viagempublisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence/ Património de Influência Portuguesa — HPIP|year=2008|access-date=2018-01-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dugsiga cusub ee jaalaha ah ee u dhow kaniisadda yar ee koonfurta tuulada, kaas oo ay bixisay dawladda Belgium, ayaa leh rinjiyeyn darbiga waaweyn oo ku dhiirigelinaya carruurta inay badbaadiyaan biyo intii suurtogal ah iyo inay gacan ka geystaan ilaalinta jasiiradda cagaaran.

In ka yar hal kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari ee Furna waa madaxa [[Ponta Jalunga]] oo leh nal-haye.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite rowlett|cpv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sawirro==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:FurnaRuaPrincipal.jpg|Waddada Weyn.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Africa}}
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degsiimooyinka Cape Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

==Xidhiidhka dibadda==
{{Commons category|Furna (Cape Verde)}}
*[http://www.furnaschool.com Mareegta Dugsiga Furna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803212204/http://furnaschool.com/ |date=2020-08-03 }}
*[http://www.escoladafurna.com Mareegta Escola da Furna (Boortaqiis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192646/http://www.escoladafurna.com/ |date=2016-03-03 }}
*[http://portfocus.com/cape_verde/porto_furna/index.html Dekedda Furna ee portfocus.com]</text>
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      <text bytes="3059" sha1="jikw5zueumm18wvmwksd0xofgqspevc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Furna 
| image_skyline   = Furna Cape Verde.jpg
| image_size=
| image_caption   = Furna oo ku taal jasiiradda Brava, Cape Verde
| coordinates = {{coord|14.887|-24.680|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = 10
| key        = 91102
}}

'''Furna''' waa bulsho xeeb ah oo ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[Brava, Cape Verde|Brava]], [[Cape Verde]]. Waxay u jirtaa 2.5 km waqooyi-bari ee caasimadda jasiiradda ee [[Nova Sintra]]. Sannadkii 2010 tirakoobkii dadka waxaa lagu sheegay 612.

==Ku saabsan tuulada==
Degenaanshaha waxaa lagu xusay ''Fuurno'' khariidaddii 1747 ee uu sameeyay [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Furna waxay noqotay dekedda ugu muhiimsan ee Brava sannadkii 1843.&lt;ref&gt;Reitmeier, Pitt: ''Cabo Verde'', p.415. Bielefeld 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1982, doomaha badan iyo guryaha qaar ee Furna waxaa burburiyay hirar gaadhay dherer dhan ilaa 10 mitir kuwaas oo ay sababtay duufaantii kuleylaha ahayd ''Beryl''.&lt;ref&gt;Osang, Rolf: ''Kapverdische Inseln'', p.151. Cologne 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; Dekedda waxaa la horumariyay sannadkii 2000.&lt;ref&gt;Lipps, Susanne: ''Kapverdische Inseln'', p.270. Ostfildern 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira xidhiidhka doon ee taga São Filipe ee Fogo iyo [[Praia]] ee [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]]. 
[[File:FurnaEscola.jpg|thumb|right|Dugsiga oo leh rinjiyeyn darbiga ah]]

Brava waxay leedahay kaniisad loo yaqaan Nossa Senhora de Boa Viagem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hpip.org/def/pt/Homepage/Obra?a=1700|title=Capela de Nossa Senhora de Boa Viagempublisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence/ Património de Influência Portuguesa — HPIP|year=2008|access-date=2018-01-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dugsiga cusub ee jaalaha ah ee u dhow kaniisadda yar ee koonfurta tuulada, kaas oo ay bixisay dawladda Belgium, ayaa leh rinjiyeyn darbiga waaweyn oo ku dhiirigelinaya carruurta inay badbaadiyaan biyo intii suurtogal ah iyo inay gacan ka geystaan ilaalinta jasiiradda cagaaran.

In ka yar hal kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari ee Furna waa madaxa [[Ponta Jalunga]] oo leh nal-haye.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite rowlett|cpv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sawirro==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:FurnaRuaPrincipal.jpg|Waddada Weyn.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Africa}}
*[[Liiska tuulooyinka iyo degsiimooyinka Cape Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

==Xidhiidhka dibadda==
{{Commons category|Furna (Cape Verde)}}
*[http://www.furnaschool.com Mareegta Dugsiga Furna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803212204/http://furnaschool.com/ |date=2020-08-03 }}
*[http://www.escoladafurna.com Mareegta Escola da Furna (Boortaqiis)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.escoladafurna.com/ |date=20160303192646 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192646/http://www.escoladafurna.com/ |date=2016-03-03 }}
*[http://portfocus.com/cape_verde/porto_furna/index.html Dekedda Furna ee portfocus.com]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Calheta, Kaab Verde</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>299065</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:49:17Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="1382" sha1="o79vrignu6994bdsdn5ul9dewx8dlke" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Cape Verde settlement
| name       = Calheta
| image_skyline          = Calheta, Maio Island, January 2018.jpg
| image_size=
| image_caption          = Waddada weyn ee Calheta
| coordinates = {{coord|15.230|-23.212|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| key        = 61102
| elevation = 6
}}

'''Calheta''' waa magaalo&lt;ref name=yearbook&gt;[http://ine.cv/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/statistical-yearbook-cv-2015_en.pdf Cabo Verde, Statistical Yearbook 2015], [[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística]], p. 32–33&lt;/ref&gt; ku taal qaybta galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Maio, Cape Verde|Maio]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], qiyaastii 11 km waqooyi ka xigta caasimadda jasiiradda ee [[Porto Inglês]] iyo 6 km waqooyi ka xigta [[Morro, Cape Verde|Morro]]. Tirakoobkii dadka ee 2010 waxay ahayd 1,156, taas oo ka dhigaysa degsiimada labaad ee ugu dadka badan jasiiradda. Degsiimadan waxaa lagu xusay magaca &quot;Kalyete&quot; khariidaddii 1747 ee uu sameeyay [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin|year=1747|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504|title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka Cape Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maio}}</text>
      <sha1>o79vrignu6994bdsdn5ul9dewx8dlke</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Moçâmedes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47704</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299066</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:53:32Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="14859" sha1="ddn92q02of25kv1192ho2tp6x41ylib" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;| name                            = Moçâmedes
| other_name                      = 
| native_name                     = &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
| nickname                        = 
| settlement_type                 = [[Degmooyinka Angola|Degmo]]
| motto                           = &lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage
| photo1a                 = Palacio da Justiça (19515367551) (cropped).jpg
| photo1b                 = Namibe Waterfront (19432713306).jpg
| photo2a                 = Fortaleza de São Fernando (19518734932) (cropped).jpg
| photo2b                 = Palácio do Governo (19515782605) (cropped).jpg
| spacing                 = 2
| position                = center
| color_border            = white
| color                   = white
| size                    = 280
| foot_montage            = 
}}
| image_flag                      = 
| flag_size                       = 
| image_seal                      = 
| seal_size                       = 
| image_shield                    = 
| shield_size                     = 
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| pushpin_map                     = Angola&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 300
| pushpin_map_caption             = Goobta ay ku taal Angola
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| subdivision_type                = Waddan
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|Angola}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[Gobollada Angola|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Gobolka Namibe]]
| subdivision_type2               = 
| subdivision_name2               = 
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_name3               = |&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
| leader_name1                    = 
| established_title               = La aasaasay
| established_date                = 1840
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;| area_magnitude                  = 
| unit_pref                       = Metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 1,906 
| area_land_km2                   = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;| population_as_of                = 2024 tirakoob
| population_footnotes            = &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/angola/admin/ Tirakoobka gobollada iyo degmooyinka Angola]. ''citypopulation.de''.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_note                 = 
| population_total                = 345,987
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_metro_km2    = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi  = 
| population_blank1_title         = Qowmiyadaha
| population_blank1               = 
| population_density_blank1_km2   = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = &lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| timezone                        = [[Waqtiga Galbeedka Afrika|WAT]]
| utc_offset                      = +1
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|15|11|43|S|12|9|3|E|region:AO|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes             = &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m                     = 9
| elevation_ft                    = &lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
| postal_code_type                = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code                       = 
| blank_name                      = [[Kala saarista cimilada ee Köppen|Cimilada]]
| blank_info                      = [[Cimilada saxaraha#Cimilada saxaraha kulul|BWh]]
| blank1_name                     = 
| blank1_info                     = 
| website                         = 
| footnotes                       = 
}}

'''Moçâmedes''' waa [[Liiska magaalooyinka Angola|magaalo]] ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee [[Angola]], waana caasimadda [[Gobolka Namibe]]. Dadka magaalada ayaa hadda ah 345,987 (2024 tirakoob).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/angola/admin/ Citypopulation.de] Tirakoobka gobollada iyo degmooyinka Angola&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/angola/cities/ Tirakoobka magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Angola]. ''citypopulation.de''.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la aasaasay 1840-kii by [[Angola Bortuqiiska|maamulkii gumeystaha Bortuqiiska]], magaalada waxaa loo bixiyay '''Namibe''' intii u dhaxaysay 1985 iyo 2016. Moçâmedes waxay leedahay cimilo qabow oo qalalan iyo dhir saxare ah, sababtoo ah waxay u dhowdahay [[Saxaraha Namib]].

== Taariikh ==
[[File:1908 Angola Boer Wagon in Mocamedes.jpg|thumb|left|Moçâmedes 1908-dii.]]
[[File:Paroquia de Santo Adrião (19511529296).jpg|thumb|left|[[Dhismaha gumeystaha Bortuqiiska]] ee xarunta taariikhiga ah ee Moçâmedes.]]
Aagga waxaa markii ugu horreysay sahamiyay Bortuqiisku 1785 waxaana u sheegtay Portugal [[Luís Cândido Cordeiro Pinheiro Furtado]], oo loo diray halkaas isagoo saaran markabka ''Loanda'' by guddoomiyaha guud ee markaas ee Angola, Baron Moçâmedes (Bortuqiis: ''Barão de Mossâmedes''), kaas oo sidoo kale diray safar dhulka ah oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Gregório José Mendes]] si uu ula kulmo Furtado. Waxay u beddeleen magaca gacanka Moçâmedes iyagoo sharaf u ah baron-ka.

1839 guddoomiyihii guud ee Angola, [[António Manuel de Noronha|Admiral Noronha]], wuxuu diray safar cusub si uu u hoggaamiyo madaxda deegaanka oo uu ka dhigo vassals-ka Portugal.

Moçâmedes waxaa si rasmi ah loo aasaasay 1840-kii by maamulka gumeystaha Bortuqiiska oo ku yaal gacanka ay Bortuqiisku markii hore ugu yeereen ''Angra do Negro'' iyadoo la amray ra'iisul wasaaraha Portugal, [[José Travassos Valdez|Count of Bonfim]], kaas oo sidoo kale ahaa madaxa Waaxda Gumeysiga.&lt;ref&gt;Francisco Travassos Valdez, ''Lix Sano oo Nolosha Socdaalka ee Galbeedka Afrika'' (London: Hurst &amp; Blackett, 1861), Mugga 2, boggaga 336-338.&lt;/ref&gt;

1840-kii waxaa la aasaasay warshad bishii Luulyo ee isla sannadkaas waxaa laga dhisay qalcadda Ponta Negra. Aagga waxaa gumeystay inta badan dadka Bortuqiiska ah ee ka yimid [[Madeira]] iyo [[Bortuqiiska Brazil|Brazil]]; 1850-yadii dawladda Bortuqiisku waxay sidoo kale siisay marin badda iyo gargaar dhaqaale tiro badan oo gumeystayaal Jarmal ah.&lt;ref&gt;Francisco Travassos Valdez (1861), Mugga 2, boggaga 346-347.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuuladu [[Kalluumeysiga Angola|way korodhay sida deked kalluumeysi]] 1960-yadiina waxay lahayd 143 doomaha kalluumeysiga iyo dhowr warshadood oo lagu farsameeyo kalluunka. Dekeddu waxay dhawaan kaalmooyin la gashay dekedaha kale ee muhiimka ah sida [[Luanda]], [[Benguela]] iyo [[Lobito]].

Qiyaastii 200 km u jirta magaalada Moçâmedes, mas'uuliyiinta Bortuqiiska waxay aasaaseen [[Beerta Qaranka ee Iona]], beerta qaranka ee ugu da'da weyn uguna weyn Angola, oo lagu dhawaaqay kayd 1937 waxaana loo cusbooneysiiyay beerta qaranka oo daboolaysa 15,150 km^2 1964.

== Cimilada ==
Moçâmedes waxay leedahay [[cimilada saxaraha kulul]] ([[Kala saarista cimilada ee Köppen]] ''BWh''). In kasta oo ay aad uga fog tahay waqooyiga [[Tropic of Capricorn]] ee Xeebta Atlantic, cimiladu waa mid hooseysa sababtoo ah saameynta qaboojinta ee u qulqulaya waqooyiga [[Benguela Current]] taas oo keentay in Luulyo iyo Agoosto ay ka hooseeyaan 18 °C.
{{Weather box
|location = Namibe
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 34.8
|Feb record high C = 34.2
|Mar record high C = 37.4
|Apr record high C = 38.9
|May record high C = 40.3
|Jun record high C = 38.5
|Jul record high C = 36.7
|Aug record high C = 27.3
|Sep record high C = 30.0
|Oct record high C = 30.0
|Nov record high C = 33.7
|Dec record high C = 31.7
|year record high C = 40.3
|Jan high C = 27.0
|Feb high C = 28.0
|Mar high C = 28.9
|Apr high C = 27.9
|May high C = 25.8
|Jun high C = 22.4
|Jul high C = 20.6
|Aug high C = 20.9
|Sep high C = 22.4
|Oct high C = 23.6
|Nov high C = 25.3
|Dec high C = 25.9
|year high C = 24.9
|Jan mean C = 23.0
|Feb mean C = 24.7
|Mar mean C = 25.6
|Apr mean C = 24.2
|May mean C = 21.1
|Jun mean C = 18.3
|Jul mean C = 17.4
|Aug mean C = 17.9
|Sep mean C = 19.2
|Oct mean C = 20.4
|Nov mean C = 21.9
|Dec mean C = 22.5
|year mean C = 21.4
|Jan low C = 19.1
|Feb low C = 19.8
|Mar low C = 20.7
|Apr low C = 18.7
|May low C = 14.7
|Jun low C = 12.8
|Jul low C = 13.0
|Aug low C = 13.8
|Sep low C = 14.9
|Oct low C = 15.9
|Nov low C = 17.1
|Dec low C = 17.7
|year low C = 16.5
|Jan record low C = 13.0
|Feb record low C = 12.1
|Mar record low C = 12.6
|Apr record low C = 10.2
|May record low C = 7.4
|Jun record low C = 4.5
|Jul record low C = 6.5
|Aug record low C = 5.2
|Sep record low C = 7.2
|Oct record low C = 8.2
|Nov record low C = 10.5
|Dec record low C = 11.2
|year record low C = 4.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 7.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 10.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 17.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 9.7
|May precipitation mm = 0.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 0.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 1.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 2.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.9
|year precipitation mm = 51.0
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 2
|Feb precipitation days = 2
|Mar precipitation days = 3
|Apr precipitation days = 2
|May precipitation days = 0
|Jun precipitation days = 0
|Jul precipitation days = 0
|Aug precipitation days = 1
|Sep precipitation days = 0
|Oct precipitation days = 1
|Nov precipitation days = 1
|Dec precipitation days = 1
|year precipitation days = 13
|Jan humidity = 80
|Feb humidity = 79
|Mar humidity = 78
|Apr humidity = 79
|May humidity = 82
|Jun humidity = 84
|Jul humidity = 84
|Aug humidity = 85
|Sep humidity = 84
|Oct humidity = 83
|Nov humidity = 80
|Dec humidity = 79
|year humidity = 81
|Jan sun = 210.8
|Feb sun = 209.1
|Mar sun = 232.5
|Apr sun = 231.0
|May sun = 217.0
|Jun sun = 141.0
|Jul sun = 105.4
|Aug sun = 111.6
|Sep sun = 129.0
|Oct sun = 155.0
|Nov sun = 213.0
|Dec sun = 220.1
|year sun = 
|Jand sun = 6.8
|Febd sun = 7.4
|Mard sun = 7.5
|Aprd sun = 7.7
|Mayd sun = 7.0
|Jund sun = 4.7
|Juld sun = 3.4
|Augd sun = 3.6
|Sepd sun = 4.3
|Octd sun = 5.0
|Novd sun = 7.1
|Decd sun = 7.1
|yeard sun = 6.0
|source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]&lt;ref name = DWD&gt;
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_664220_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Namibe (Mocamedes), Prov. Namibe / Angola
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 6 Febraayo 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Dhaqaalaha ==
[[File:Governo Provincial do Namibe (19543179475) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Gobolka Namibe|Dawladda Gobolka ee Namibe]].]]
Intii u dhaxaysay 1966-67 waxaa laga dhisay terminal weyn oo [[birta]] ah oo ku yaal Saco, gacanka 12 km waqooyi ka xigta Moçâmedes, si loogu adeego macdanta birta ee gudaha [[Cassinga]]. Dhismaha rakibaadaha macdanta iyo tareenka 300 km ayaa loo igmaday [[Krupp]] oo Jarmal ah iyo terminalka dekedda casriga ah ee SETH, shirkad Bortuqiis ah oo ay leedahay [[MT Højgaard|Højgaard &amp; Schultz]] oo Denmark ah.

Muddo hal sano gudaheed ah ayaa 250,000 tan oo xambaara birta ugu horreysay ku xidhatay dekedda waxaana lagu raray birta 1967.&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|pt}} [https://mocamedesregistosefactos.blogspot.com/2008/03/angola-momedes-minha-terra-eu-te-vi.html Angola - Moçâmedes, dhulkayga, waan ku arkay adigoo koraya... (Raul Ferreira Trindade)], taariikhda Moçâmedes/Namibe&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|pt}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nc0acCl9N5k Angola ee waqtiyadii hore Moçamedes], Moçâmedes oo hoos timaada xukunka Bortuqiiska ka hor 1975, [[youtube.com]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka ==
[[File:Parabolic Shelters (18861902633).jpg|thumb|left|[[Dalxiiska Angola|Dalxiisku]] waa warshad si sii kordheysa muhiim u ah Moçâmedes.]]

=== Diinta ===
Sé Catedral de São Pedro ee magaalada waa [[cathedral]] episcopal see ee [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Namibe]], oo la aasaasay 2009 dhul laga gooyay Metropolitan-keeda [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lubango]], taas oo ay tahay [[suffragan diocese]].

=== Ciyaaraha ===
2013-kii, Moçâmedes, oo markaas loo yaqaanay Namibe, iyo caasimadda qaranka [[Luanda]] ayaa si wadajir ah u martigeliyay [[2013 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup]], markii ugu horreysay ee Koobka Adduunka ee [[roller hockey (quad)|roller hockey]] lagu qabto Afrika.

== Gaadiid ==
[[File:Cargamento de mineirios, Namibe.JPG|thumb|right|Moçâmedes waa [[deked weyn]].]]

=== Tareen ===
Moçâmedes waa xarunta [[Tareenka Moçâmedes]]. Khadkan asal ahaan wuxuu ahaa 600mm gauge&lt;ref&gt;{{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Angola |volume=30 |page=139 |first=Frank Richardson |last=Cana}}&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin waxaa loo beddelay 1067mm gauge 1950-yadii.

=== Badda ===
{{Main|Dekedda Namibe}}

Waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah saddexda [[Dekedda Namibe|dekedood]] ee waaweyn ee Angola, oo ay weheliso [[Dekedda Luanda|Luanda]] iyo [[Dekedda Lobito|Lobito]].

=== Hawada ===
Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, Moçâmedes waxay lahayd garoon diyaaradeed oo yar oo u dhow magaalada: 'velho campo de aviação'. Naadiga duulimaadka ee Aero Clube de Moçâmedes ayaa halkaas ka maamuli jiray dugsi duulimaad, halkaas oo Júlia Brito Pestana ay noqotay haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee hesha shatiga duuliyaha 1939-kii. &lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20231123225811/https://princesa-do-namibe.blogspot.com/2007/05/inaugurao-da-rua-cidade-de-momedes-ex.html&lt;/ref&gt; Goobta saxda ah mar dambe lama aqoonsan karo. Moçâmedes waxaa u adeega [[Welwitschia_Mirabilis_Airport|Welwitschia Mirabilis International Airport]], oo leh koodka IATA MSZ.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Gobolka Namibe]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Maktabad ==
* Clarence-Smith, W. G. Addoonka, Beeralayda iyo Hantiilayaasha ee Koonfurta Angola 1840–1926. New York: Cambridge UP, 1979.
* Clarence-Smith, W. G. &quot;Addoonsiga Xeebta Koonfurta Angola, 1875-1913.&quot; Journal of Southern African Studies 2.2 (1976), 214–23.

== Xidhiidhka dibadda ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/nami0.htm Diocos-ka Katooliga, oo leh taariikh nololeedka dadka haysta xafiiska episcopal] ee GigaCatholic

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Globe Star</title>
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      <id>299067</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T18:57:58Z</timestamp>
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|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=Singapore
 |flag=[[File:Civil Ensign of Singapore.svg|55px|Calanka Ciidanka Badda ee Jamhuuriyadda Singapore]]
 |name=*[[Palm Line|''Burutu Palm'']] (1952)
       *''Globe Star'' (1973)
 |owner=[[Globe Navigation of Singapore]]
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}}

'''''Globe Star''''' wuxuu ahaa markab xamuul ah oo ku xayirmay 27 Abriil 1973 dhinaca [[Nyali Reef]], meel u dhow [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]]. Wuxuu siday 10,000 tan oo sarreen ah oo ku sii jeeday [[Karachi]], Pakistan. Inkasta oo hawlgal badbaadin xoog leh la sameeyay, markabkii wuxuu u jabay laba qaybood waxaana la dayacay. Bishii Noofambar 1973, shan qof oo ku lug lahaa isku daygii badbaadinta ayaa ku dhintay qolka No. 3 sababtoo ah sunta gaaska intii ay wadeen hawlgallada quusitaanka. Sannadkii 1978, burburkii markabka waxaa dumisay shirkadda Divecon Ltd, Mombasa, taasoo ka dhigtay matoorkii weynaa mid muuqda iyo hadhaagii markabka oo ka hooseeya {{convert|10|ft|m}} dusha sare.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/globe-star.php|title=Globe Star|publisher=Buccaneer Diving|accessdate=16 Maarso 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928070808/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/globe-star.php|archive-date=28 Sebteembar 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha ==
Markabka waxaa loo dhisay sidii ''Burutu Palm'' oo loogu talagalay shirkadda maraakiibta ee fadhigeedu yahay London ee [[Palm Line]], kaas oo ka ganacsan jiray kana iman jiray Galbeedka Afrika iyo Liverpool. Sannadkii 1967, waxaa loo iibiyay milkiilayaal Giriig ah, sannadkii 1973-kiina waxaa loo iibiyay Globe Navigation of Singapore.

== Khasaaraha ==

Xayirmidda ''Globe Star'' waxaa loo aanaynayaa khalad xagga navigation-ka ah, iyada oo markabku uu u dhowaaday meel aad ugu dhow marinka dekedda ka hor inta uusan soo qaadin duuliye, ka dib markii lagula taliyay inuu ku laabto meesha uu ku xidhan yahay, wuxuu u leexday dhinaca midig halkii uu ka leexan lahaa bidix wuxuuna ku xayirmay xeebta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Patience|first=Kevin|date=2006|title=Shipwrecks and Salvage on the East African Coast}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==

Hadhaagii Globe Star waxay ku yaalliin biyo gacmeed oo aad ugu habboon quusitaanka. Waa meel caan ku ah quusitaanka madadaalada ee scuba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://diveseven.com/dive-site/view/846/globe-star-wreck|title=Globe Star Wreck|publisher=Dive Seven|accessdate=16 Maarso 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==

&lt;references/&gt;
{{1973 shipwrecks}}

{{Coord|4.0818|S|39.72|E|display=title}}

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       *''Globe Star'' (1973)
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'''''Globe Star''''' wuxuu ahaa markab xamuul ah oo ku xayirmay 27 Abriil 1973 dhinaca [[Nyali Reef]], meel u dhow [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]]. Wuxuu siday 10,000 tan oo sarreen ah oo ku sii jeeday [[Karachi]], Pakistan. Inkasta oo hawlgal badbaadin xoog leh la sameeyay, markabkii wuxuu u jabay laba qaybood waxaana la dayacay. Bishii Noofambar 1973, shan qof oo ku lug lahaa isku daygii badbaadinta ayaa ku dhintay qolka No. 3 sababtoo ah sunta gaaska intii ay wadeen hawlgallada quusitaanka. Sannadkii 1978, burburkii markabka waxaa dumisay shirkadda Divecon Ltd, Mombasa, taasoo ka dhigtay matoorkii weynaa mid muuqda iyo hadhaagii markabka oo ka hooseeya {{convert|10|ft|m}} dusha sare.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/globe-star.php|title=Globe Star|publisher=Buccaneer Diving|accessdate=16 Maarso 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928070808/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/globe-star.php|archive-date=28 Sebteembar 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha ==
Markabka waxaa loo dhisay sidii ''Burutu Palm'' oo loogu talagalay shirkadda maraakiibta ee fadhigeedu yahay London ee [[Palm Line]], kaas oo ka ganacsan jiray kana iman jiray Galbeedka Afrika iyo Liverpool. Sannadkii 1967, waxaa loo iibiyay milkiilayaal Giriig ah, sannadkii 1973-kiina waxaa loo iibiyay Globe Navigation of Singapore.

== Khasaaraha ==

Xayirmidda ''Globe Star'' waxaa loo aanaynayaa khalad xagga navigation-ka ah, iyada oo markabku uu u dhowaaday meel aad ugu dhow marinka dekedda ka hor inta uusan soo qaadin duuliye, ka dib markii lagula taliyay inuu ku laabto meesha uu ku xidhan yahay, wuxuu u leexday dhinaca midig halkii uu ka leexan lahaa bidix wuxuuna ku xayirmay xeebta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Patience|first=Kevin|date=2006|title=Shipwrecks and Salvage on the East African Coast}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==

Hadhaagii Globe Star waxay ku yaalliin biyo gacmeed oo aad ugu habboon quusitaanka. Waa meel caan ku ah quusitaanka madadaalada ee scuba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://diveseven.com/dive-site/view/846/globe-star-wreck|title=Globe Star Wreck|publisher=Dive Seven|accessdate=16 Maarso 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==

&lt;references/&gt;

{{Coord|4.0818|S|39.72|E|display=title}}

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 }}
}}

'''''Globe Star''''' wuxuu ahaa markab xamuul ah oo ku xayirmay 27 Abriil 1973 dhinaca [[Nyali Reef]], meel u dhow [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]]. Wuxuu siday 10,000 tan oo sarreen ah oo ku sii jeeday [[Karachi]], Pakistan. Inkasta oo hawlgal badbaadin xoog leh la sameeyay, markabkii wuxuu u jabay laba qaybood waxaana la dayacay. Bishii Noofambar 1973, shan qof oo ku lug lahaa isku daygii badbaadinta ayaa ku dhintay qolka No. 3 sababtoo ah sunta gaaska intii ay wadeen hawlgallada quusitaanka. Sannadkii 1978, burburkii markabka waxaa dumisay shirkadda Divecon Ltd, Mombasa, taasoo ka dhigtay matoorkii weynaa mid muuqda iyo hadhaagii markabka oo ka hooseeya {{convert|10|ft|m}} dusha sare.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/globe-star.php|title=Globe Star|publisher=Buccaneer Diving|accessdate=16 Maarso 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928070808/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/globe-star.php|archive-date=28 Sebteembar 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha ==
Markabka waxaa loo dhisay sidii ''Burutu Palm'' oo loogu talagalay shirkadda maraakiibta ee fadhigeedu yahay London ee [[Palm Line]], kaas oo ka ganacsan jiray kana iman jiray Galbeedka Afrika iyo Liverpool. Sannadkii 1967, waxaa loo iibiyay milkiilayaal Giriig ah, sannadkii 1973-kiina waxaa loo iibiyay Globe Navigation of Singapore.

== Khasaaraha ==

Xayirmidda ''Globe Star'' waxaa loo aanaynayaa khalad xagga navigation-ka ah, iyada oo markabku uu u dhowaaday meel aad ugu dhow marinka dekedda ka hor inta uusan soo qaadin duuliye, ka dib markii lagula taliyay inuu ku laabto meesha uu ku xidhan yahay, wuxuu u leexday dhinaca midig halkii uu ka leexan lahaa bidix wuxuuna ku xayirmay xeebta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Patience|first=Kevin|date=2006|title=Shipwrecks and Salvage on the East African Coast}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==

Hadhaagii Globe Star waxay ku yaalliin biyo gacmeed oo aad ugu habboon quusitaanka. Waa meel caan ku ah quusitaanka madadaalada ee scuba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://diveseven.com/dive-site/view/846/globe-star-wreck|title=Globe Star Wreck|publisher=Dive Seven|accessdate=16 Maarso 2013|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729140149/http://diveseven.com/dive-site/view/846/globe-star-wreck|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==

&lt;references/&gt;

{{Coord|4.0818|S|39.72|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Globe Star, MV}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Dania</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T19:00:47Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=
 |image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |name=* ''Dania'' (1965–1976)
       * ''Kviksholm'' (1976–1981)
       * ''Rodriguez'' (1981–1987)
       * ''Dania'' (1987–2002)
 |owner=Nieuwe Kustvaart Mij Naamloze Vennootschap
 |operator=
 |registry={{flag|Amsterdam}}
 |route=
 |ordered=
 |builder=Hatlo Verksted SA ([[Ulsteinvik]])
 |original_cost=
 |yard_number=
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=
 |launched=1965
 |completed=
 |christened=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=
 |fate=* La qarqariyay 2002
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |displacement=495&amp;nbsp;[[long ton]]s
 |length={{convert|75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|10.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draught={{convert|3.81|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |draft=
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power={{convert|1400|hp|abbr=on}}
 |propulsion=MAK 8-cylinder diesel
 |speed=13kn
 |capacity=
 |crew=
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''''Dania''''' wuxuu ahaa markab xamuul ah oo la qarqariyay 27 Oktoobar 2002 ee Nyali Reef, oo ku dhow [[Bamburi]], [[Kenya]].

== Dhismaha iyo waayihii shaqo ==
MV ''Dania'' waxaa lagu dhisay [[Ulsteinvik]] ([[Norway]]) shirkadda maraakiibta ee fadhigeedu yahay Amsterdam ee Nieuwe Kustvaart Mij Naamloze Vennootschap, taas oo ka ganacsan jirtay badaha Waqooyi iyo Baltic.

Noofambar 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay mulkiilaha markabka ee Norway Simon Mokster waxaana loo beddelay ''Kviksholm''. Waxaa mar kale la iibiyay Ogosto 1981 mulkiilaha markabka ee Mauritius Mascareignes Shipping and Trading Company Limited waxaana loo beddelay ''Rodriguez'', oo loogu magac daray jasiirad ka mid ah jasiiradaha Mascarene. Waxaa markaas loo beddelay markab xoolaha qaada, isaga oo u kala goosha Koonfurta Afrika, Mozambique iyo Mauritius.&lt;ref name=&quot;BD&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/ecology/mv-dania/ |title=MV Dania |last1= |first1= |date= |website=Buccaneer Diving |access-date= |archive-date=2013-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928075644/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/ecology/mv-dania/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

1987, waxaa iibsaday Columbus Incorporated. Waxaa laga diiwaangeliyay San Morenzo, Honduras, waxaa loo beddelay magacii asalka ahaa, wuxuuna sii waday inuu ka shaqeeyo xeebta Afrika ee Badweynta Hindiya iyo waqooyiga ilaa Gacanka Persic.

Ugu dambeyntii, 1997, milkiilihii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ahaa Spanfreight Shipping Limited, oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Mombasa]], Kenya.

2001, markabka lama isticmaalin, sababtoo ah burburka gaadiidka xoolaha nool ee gobolka. Isagoo ku sii jeeda burburin Hindiya, waxaa ugu dambeyntii iibsaday kooxda quusitaanka ee Buccaneer Diving,&lt;ref name=&quot;BD&quot;/&gt; taasoo diyaarisay, nadiifisay, ugu dambeyntiina qarqisay (iyadoo la raacayo heshiiska [[Kenya Wildlife Service]]) xeebta Leven ee u dhow Mombasa, qoto dheer oo 30 m ah 27 Oktoobar 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;DPA&quot;&gt;[http://diveproafrica.com/mv-dania-east-africas-number-1-wreck-dive-site/ MV Dania, East Africa's n°1 wreck dive site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928040531/http://diveproafrica.com/mv-dania-east-africas-number-1-wreck-dive-site/ |date=2013-09-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==
Burburka markabka wuxuu ku yaallaa {{convert|1.5|km}} u jira ras Iwetine ee [[Bamburi]], waqooyiga [[Mombasa]]: tani waxay ka dhigan tahay toban daqiiqo oo safar ah oo lagu marayo doon matoor leh. Isku-duwayaashiisu waa {{coord|-4.017746|39.7743155}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&amp;lng=39.7451000213623&amp;zoom=14 Goobta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014032238/http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&amp;lng=39.7451000213623&amp;zoom=14 |date=2013-10-14 }} on diveseven.com.&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu u yaallaa {{cvt|30|m}} oo qoto dheer oo ciid ah, iyadoo qaybaha ugu sarreeya ay ku yaallaan {{cvt|12|m}} qoto dheer xilliga biyuhu guraan.&lt;ref name=&quot;BD2&quot;/&gt; Burburka markabku wuxuu leeyahay xadhig ammaan ah oo loogu talagalay maraakiibta quusitaanka. Hadhaagii ''Dania'' waxay ku yaallaan biyo gacmeed oo aad ugu habboon quusitaanka. Waa meel caan ku ah quusitaanka madadaalada ee scuba.&lt;ref name=&quot;BD2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/dania.php|title=Dania Wreck|publisher=Buccaneer Diving|accessdate=|archive-date=2013-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928070805/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/dania.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Burburka markabka waxaa gumaystay noocyo badan oo xayawaan ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;TDK&quot;&gt;[http://www.tropicaldivingkenya.com/diving/mv-dania.html MV Dania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927150248/http://www.tropicaldivingkenya.com/diving/mv-dania.html |date=2013-09-27 }} on TropicalDivingKenya.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{2002 shipwrecks}}
{{Recreational dive sites|wresit}}
{{Coord|4.013247|S|39.756432|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dania, MV}}</text>
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|section1={{Infobox ship/image
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|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |name=* ''Dania'' (1965–1976)
       * ''Kviksholm'' (1976–1981)
       * ''Rodriguez'' (1981–1987)
       * ''Dania'' (1987–2002)
 |owner=Nieuwe Kustvaart Mij Naamloze Vennootschap
 |operator=
 |registry={{flag|Amsterdam}}
 |route=
 |ordered=
 |builder=Hatlo Verksted SA ([[Ulsteinvik]])
 |original_cost=
 |yard_number=
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=
 |launched=1965
 |completed=
 |christened=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=
 |fate=* La qarqariyay 2002
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
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 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |displacement=495&amp;nbsp;[[long ton]]s
 |length={{convert|75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|10.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draught={{convert|3.81|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |draft=
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power={{convert|1400|hp|abbr=on}}
 |propulsion=MAK 8-cylinder diesel
 |speed=13kn
 |capacity=
 |crew=
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''''Dania''''' wuxuu ahaa markab xamuul ah oo la qarqariyay 27 Oktoobar 2002 ee Nyali Reef, oo ku dhow [[Bamburi]], [[Kenya]].

== Dhismaha iyo waayihii shaqo ==
MV ''Dania'' waxaa lagu dhisay [[Ulsteinvik]] ([[Norway]]) shirkadda maraakiibta ee fadhigeedu yahay Amsterdam ee Nieuwe Kustvaart Mij Naamloze Vennootschap, taas oo ka ganacsan jirtay badaha Waqooyi iyo Baltic.

Noofambar 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay mulkiilaha markabka ee Norway Simon Mokster waxaana loo beddelay ''Kviksholm''. Waxaa mar kale la iibiyay Ogosto 1981 mulkiilaha markabka ee Mauritius Mascareignes Shipping and Trading Company Limited waxaana loo beddelay ''Rodriguez'', oo loogu magac daray jasiirad ka mid ah jasiiradaha Mascarene. Waxaa markaas loo beddelay markab xoolaha qaada, isaga oo u kala goosha Koonfurta Afrika, Mozambique iyo Mauritius.&lt;ref name=&quot;BD&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/ecology/mv-dania/ |title=MV Dania |last1= |first1= |date= |website=Buccaneer Diving |access-date= |archive-date=2013-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928075644/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/ecology/mv-dania/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

1987, waxaa iibsaday Columbus Incorporated. Waxaa laga diiwaangeliyay San Morenzo, Honduras, waxaa loo beddelay magacii asalka ahaa, wuxuuna sii waday inuu ka shaqeeyo xeebta Afrika ee Badweynta Hindiya iyo waqooyiga ilaa Gacanka Persic.

Ugu dambeyntii, 1997, milkiilihii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ahaa Spanfreight Shipping Limited, oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Mombasa]], Kenya.

2001, markabka lama isticmaalin, sababtoo ah burburka gaadiidka xoolaha nool ee gobolka. Isagoo ku sii jeeda burburin Hindiya, waxaa ugu dambeyntii iibsaday kooxda quusitaanka ee Buccaneer Diving,&lt;ref name=&quot;BD&quot;/&gt; taasoo diyaarisay, nadiifisay, ugu dambeyntiina qarqisay (iyadoo la raacayo heshiiska [[Kenya Wildlife Service]]) xeebta Leven ee u dhow Mombasa, qoto dheer oo 30 m ah 27 Oktoobar 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;DPA&quot;&gt;[http://diveproafrica.com/mv-dania-east-africas-number-1-wreck-dive-site/ MV Dania, East Africa's n°1 wreck dive site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928040531/http://diveproafrica.com/mv-dania-east-africas-number-1-wreck-dive-site/ |date=2013-09-28 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==
Burburka markabka wuxuu ku yaallaa {{convert|1.5|km}} u jira ras Iwetine ee [[Bamburi]], waqooyiga [[Mombasa]]: tani waxay ka dhigan tahay toban daqiiqo oo safar ah oo lagu marayo doon matoor leh. Isku-duwayaashiisu waa {{coord|-4.017746|39.7743155}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&amp;lng=39.7451000213623&amp;zoom=14 Goobta] {{Wayback|url=http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&amp;lng=39.7451000213623&amp;zoom=14 |date=20131014032238 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014032238/http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&amp;lng=39.7451000213623&amp;zoom=14 |date=2013-10-14 }} on diveseven.com.&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu u yaallaa {{cvt|30|m}} oo qoto dheer oo ciid ah, iyadoo qaybaha ugu sarreeya ay ku yaallaan {{cvt|12|m}} qoto dheer xilliga biyuhu guraan.&lt;ref name=&quot;BD2&quot;/&gt; Burburka markabku wuxuu leeyahay xadhig ammaan ah oo loogu talagalay maraakiibta quusitaanka. Hadhaagii ''Dania'' waxay ku yaallaan biyo gacmeed oo aad ugu habboon quusitaanka. Waa meel caan ku ah quusitaanka madadaalada ee scuba.&lt;ref name=&quot;BD2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/dania.php|title=Dania Wreck|publisher=Buccaneer Diving|accessdate=|archive-date=2013-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928070805/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/dania.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Burburka markabka waxaa gumaystay noocyo badan oo xayawaan ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;TDK&quot;&gt;[http://www.tropicaldivingkenya.com/diving/mv-dania.html MV Dania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927150248/http://www.tropicaldivingkenya.com/diving/mv-dania.html |date=2013-09-27 }} on TropicalDivingKenya.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{2002 shipwrecks}}
{{Recreational dive sites|wresit}}
{{Coord|4.013247|S|39.756432|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dania, MV}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Salem Express</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47707</id>
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      <id>299070</id>
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{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= ScamaroniCGT1966.jpg
 |image_caption= MS ''Fred Scamaroni'' oo ku sugan [[Marseille]]
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=
 |flag=
 |name=*1966–1980: ''Fred Scamaroni''
       *1980–1981: ''Nuits Saint Georges''
       *1981–1984: ''Lord Sinai''
       *1984–1988: ''Al Tahra''
       *1988–1991: ''Salem Express''
 |namesake=
 |owner=*1966–1969: [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]]
        *1969–1976: CGTM
        *1976–1980: [[SNCM]]
        *1980: Ole Lauritzen France
        *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
        *1988-1991: Samatour Shipping Company&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |operator=*1966–1969: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
           *1969–1976: CGTM
           *1976–1979: SNCM
           *1980: Dunkerque Ramsgate Ferries
           *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
           *1988-1991: Samatour Lines
 |registry= *1966–1980: [[Marseille]], {{flag|France}}
            *1980–1981: [[Dunkirk]], {{flag|France}}
            *1981–1991: [[Alexandria]], {{flag|Egypt}}
 |route=
 |ordered=15 Janaayo 1963
 |builder=[[Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée|Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée]], [[La Seyne Sur Mer]], {{flag|France}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |access-date=4 November 2020 |title=the Salem Express - Red Sea Wrecks|date=10 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number=1368
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=Juun 1963
 |launched=30 Noofambar 1964
 |sponsor=
 |christened= 
 |completed= 
 |acquired= 13 Maajo 1966
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Juun 1966
 |in_service=1966–1991
 |out_of_service= 15 Diseembar 1991
 |refit= 
 |identification=*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: 1966–1981: FNOC
                 *{{IMO Number|6502311}}
 |fate= Wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, 15 Diseembar 1991,&lt;ref&gt;[https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?102874 Wrecksite - Salem Express 1966-1991]&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana la sheegay in ay ku dhinteen 470 rakaab iyo shaqaale ah
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |type=[[Ferry]]
 |tonnage= {{GT|4771}}&lt;ref name=Lloyds&gt;{{cite web |title=from Lloyds Casualty Reports |url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |publisher=cited by Dr Rolf Skjong |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |displacement=
 |length={{convert|115|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|17.83|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draught={{convert|4.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |power=*2 × [[SEMT Pielstick]] 8PC2L
        *14,880 Hp (wada jir)
 |propulsion=Laba usle; [[controllable pitch propeller]]s
 |speed= {{convert|20|kn}}
 |range= 
 |capacity=*1,256 rakaab&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;
           *428 sariirood oo rakaab ah
           *145 gaadiid 
 |crew= 63
 |notes=
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Salem Express''''' wuxuu ahaa [[markab rakaab]] oo Masri-Faransiis ah oo ku degay [[Badweynta Cas]]. Wuxuu caan ku yahay khasaarihii nafeed ee ba'anaa ee dhacay markii uu degay wax yar ka dib markii uu ku dhacay reef abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo ee 14 Diseembar 1991.&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Ferry Survivors Describe a Night of Horror, Heroism : Sea disaster: 485 are still missing in sinking of Egyptian vessel. First officer's actions questioned. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-17-mn-596-story.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=L.A. Times |date=17 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{unreliablesource|date=November 2025}} Tirada rasmiga ah ee dhimashada waxay ahayd 470, in kastoo cadaymo qaarkood ay soo jeedinayaan in markabku uu ahaa mid dad badan saaran yihiin (overcrowded) oo tirada dhimashada dhabta ahi ay ka badnaan karto, malaha in ka badan 1,600.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Salem Express'' wuxuu ahaa markab rakaab oo [[roll-on/roll-off]] ah kaas oo shaqaynayay 25 sano, iyadoo lahayd mulkiilayaal, magacyo, iyo waddooyin joogto ah oo kala duwan wakhtigaas.

Markabka waxaa markii hore loo bixiyay ''Fred Scamaroni'', oo loogu magac daray xubin ka tirsan [[is-ka-caabbinta Faransiiska]] ee [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] kaas oo la qabtay oo la jirdilay, naftiisa ku diley qolkiisa isagoon shaacin hawlgalkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=https://www.normandy1944.info/stories/fred-scamaroni |website=D-Day, Normandy and Beyond |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la bilaabay Juun 1963. Noofambar 1964 waxaa la [[ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] waxaana loo [[Towing|jiiday]] [[Port-de-Bouc]] si loo dhamaystiro, waxaana ugu dambeyntii loo dhiibay Juun 1965 shirkadda [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]], [[Marseille]], France.

Dab ka kacay [[qolka matoorka]] ayaa dib u dhigay safarkiisii ugu horreeyay ee 26 Juun 1966. Juun 1966 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku shaqeeyo jidkiisii ugu horreeyay ee u dhexeeya Marseille iyo [[Ajaccio]]. Janaayo 1967, wuxuu ku dhacay dekada Ajaccio; iyo Abriil 1970 dab ayaa ka kacay intii uu ku sii jeeday [[Bastia]]. Intii uu ka shaqaynayay jidka [[Dunkirk]] – [[Ramsgate]] ee 1980, wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, munaasabad kalena wuxuu sababay saxmad gaadiid sababo la xiriira culayska xamuulka gaadiidka oo gaabis ahaa.

1988 waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda Samatour Shipping Company, [[Suez]], Masar, waxaana loo bixiyay ''Salem Express''; jidkiisa loo qorsheeyay wuxuu ahaa inta u dhaxaysa Suez iyo [[Jeddah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/fred_scamaroni_1965.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Safarkii ugu dambeeyay==

Safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay, ''Salem Express'' wuxuu sameeyay safarkiisa caadiga ah ee {{convert|450|mi|adj=on}} ee u dhexeeya Jeddah, Sacuudi Carabiya, iyo [[Safaga]], Masar, kaas oo qaatay qiyaastii 36 saacadood; waxay qorsheeyeen inay dajiyaan 350 rakaab ah, ka hor intaysan sii wadin safarka woqooyi ee Suez. Jidkani wuxuu ahaa jadwalka caadiga ah ee markabka tan iyo 1988. Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay laba maalmood Sacuudi Carabiya cillad xagga farsamada ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habeenkii uu degayay markabku wuxuu ahaa mid duufaan leh.

Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis. Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quusitaanka loo sameeyay burburka markabka waxay xaqiijinayaan niyadda &quot;fasaxa&quot; ee markabka, iyadoo boorsooyinka ay ka buuxaan hadiyado loo waday xubnaha qoyska. Xujeyda ka soo laabanaysay Makka waxay xirnaayeen dhar qurxoon si ay u dabaaldegaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;touregypt.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabku wuxuu ku xayirmay reef-ka coral-ka oo u jira inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|6|–|10|mi}} xeebta, ka dib markii uu ka leexday jidkiisii qorshaysnaa. Reef-ku wuxuu dalool ka furay qaybta hore ee midigta [[Bow (watercraft)|sanka]], wuxuuna garaacay albaabka hore ee markabka - taas oo u oggolaatay biyaha badda inay galaan sagxadda baabuurta.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Maraakiibta RoRo way [[Roll-on/roll-off#Seaworthiness|aad u nugul yihiin]] marka sagxadda baabuurta la jebiyo.

Diiwaanka rasmiga ah ee Lloyd's Marine Casualties wuxuu dhigayaa:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Intii uu u soo dhawaanayay Safaga saqda dhexe ee habeenkii iyadoo cimiladu ay xun tahay, Kabtanku wuxuu qaatay dariiq gaaban oo aan loo oggolaan safarka habeenkii. Markabku wuxuu ku dhacay reef wuxuuna degay 20 daqiiqo gudahood. 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinnadii hore waxay sheegeen in markabku uu dabaysha xooggan darted uga leexday jidkiisa. Tan waxaa taageeray sarkaalkii labaad ee markabka, Khalid Mamdouh Ahmed, oo shaqadiisu ahayd inuu qeexo jidka dekedda - isagoo sheegay in aan wax isbeddel ah la samayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Idaacadda dawladda [[Cairo]] ayaa soo xigatay saraakiisha Samatour oo leh markabku wuxuu ka leexday jidkiisii cimilada xun awgeed iyo in la isku dayay, oo ay u muuqato mid aan lagu guulaysan, in looga digay.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Baarayaasha Masar waxay sheegeen inaysan helin wax warbixin ah oo muujinaya in ''Salem Express'' uu ka leexday jadwalkiisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aaminaad kale ayaa ah in markabka si ulakac ah loogu qaaday jid kale kabtanku isagoo isku dayaya dariiq gaaban, si loo yareeyo wakhtiga safarka dhowr saacadood. Tan waxaa warisay wargeyska ''Al Ahram''.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Kabtan Hassan Moro wuxuu amrayay markabka tan iyo 1988 wuxuuna aqoon u lahaa biyaha, waxaana la sheegay inuu caan ku ahaa qaadashada dariiq gaaban oo u dhexeeya [[Hyndman Reef]] iyo xeebta oo ka imanaya dhinaca koonfureed, halkii uu ka mari lahaa hareeraha [[Panorama Reef]] ee dhinaca woqooyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay dhibaatooyin xagga farsamada ah oo ka dhacay Sacuudi Carabiya laba maalmood.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Dhowr xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in kabtanku uu degdegayay, Hassan wuxuu xusuustay, kalkaalisada markabka Hanan Salah waxay sheegtay in shaqaaluhu ay degdegayeen iyagoo rajaynaya inay helaan joogsi habeenimo oo buuxa si ay ugu nastaan Safaga ka hor intaysan sii wadin Suez.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Tani waa sheekada ugu badan ee lagu soo warramay ilo warbaahineed oo labaad.

===Degitaanka===
Markabku wuxuu u qorshaysnaa inuu dekedda soo gaaro 11:30 habeenimo. Shaqaaluhu way degganaayeen mana aysan filaynin masiibada; Kabtan Hassan Khalil Moro wuxuu ku nasanayay qolkiisa, sida ay caadadiisu ahayd, iyadoo sarkaalka koowaad uu ku sugnaa buundada. Abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo, jug ayaa ruxday markabka markii uu ku xayirmay xeebta, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu gariiro. Aad u dhakhso badan ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu [[Angle of list|u liisiyo]] hal dhinac, nalalkiina way dammeen. Kabtanku wuxuu dhawaaqay calaamadda gurmadka. Markabku wuxuu biyaha hoostooda ka galay 11 daqiiqo gudahood, isagoo ku xiray boqollaal dad ah sagxadda hoosteeda, wuxuuna degay gabi ahaanba 20 daqiiqo gudahood.

Xawaaraha degitaanka ayaa abuuray argagax sagxadda. Mid ka mid ah [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doomaha badbaadada]] ayaa la diray. Kalkaaliye Salah waxay sheegtay inaysan jirin wakhti dadka looga caawiyo doomaha badbaadada; badbaadayaal kale ayaa ka cabtay inay dhib kala kulmeen hawlgelinta doomaha badbaadada, iyo in qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ay iska fogeeyeen si ay iyagu doomaha u qaataan.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ayaa u degay markabka si ay u garaacaan albaabbada qolalka oo ay toosiyaan rakaabka; Shaaban abu Siriya, oo ka baxay qolkiisa sababtoo ah wuxuu maqlay xubnaha shaqaalaha oo qaylinaya, wuxuu yiri &quot;Wuu degay gabi ahaanba hal mar, waxaanan ku dhowaad waayay wakhti aan ku baxsado.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

Cimilada xun ayaa ka dhigtay badbaadada biyaha mid aad u adag. Isku dayga samatabbixinta habeenkaas laguma samayn duufaanta awgeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Hal badbaade ayaa heshay [[doon badbaado]] biyaha duufaanka leh ka dib afar saacadood oo ay ku dhegganayd ruxitaan alwaax ah; waxaa ka buuxay biyo iyo saddex meydad. Iyada oo la jirta nin kale, waxay badbaadisay 15 qof oo saaray doonta - kaliya inay ku rogmanaysay hirarka sare 7 subaxnimo. Nin kale ayaa ku sifeeyay badbaadayaal kale oo ku dheggan isla albaab alwaax ah oo hirarku ay qaadeen. Ismail Abdel Hassan, oo ahaa dabaasha dabaasha dheer ee hiwaayadda u leh oo u shaqaynayay injineer beeraha, wuxuu istaagay sagxadda markabka markii uu degayay. Wuxuu raacay nalalka dekedda wuxuuna u dabaashay xeebta, isagoo badbaaday 18 saacadood biyaha. Wuxuu isku dayay inuu laba nin oo kale u hoggaamiyo meel ammaan ah, kuwaas oo ku dhegganaa dharkiisa, laakiin mid kastaa wuxuu u dhintay daal jidkii.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

=== Samatabbixinta iyo soo kabashada ===
Cimilada xun awgeed, samatabbixiyeyaashu ma aysan bilaabi karin shaqada ilaa waaberigii 15 Diseembar, iyadoo {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} hirar ah iyo dabaylo xooggan ay ka dhigeen hawlgalka samatabbixinta mid adag. Dadaallada hore waxaa qaaday afar markab oo ciidamada badda Masar ah, saddex [[Egyptian Air Force|ciidamada cirka]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] diyaaradaha gaadiidka iyo afar helikobtar, iyadoo ay taageerayaan helikobtarrada ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka iyo Australia; doonyaha badbaadada iyo [[lifejacket]]s ayaa loo daadshay badbaadayaasha, doonyaha dalxiiskuna waxay ka caawiyeen inay dadka ka soo badbaadiyaan badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; 150 qof ayaa la sheegay in la badbaadiyay 15 Diseembar, oo ka mid ah 180 badbaadayaal ugu dambeyntii, iyadoo isku dayga samatabbixinta mar kale la joojiyay habeenkii cimilada iyo mugdiga awgeed. Baadhitaanka iyo soo kabashada ayaa sii socday intii lagu jiray 16 Diseembar.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;

Maamulka Masar ayaa markii hore qorsheeyay inay kor u qaadaan markabka. Waxaa la ogaaday inuu ku yaallay dhinaca midig ee sagxadda badda. Soo kabashada waxaa la joojiyay saddex maalmood ka dib maadaama ay aad u khatar ahayd&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; in la sii wado ilaa heerarka hoose ee markabka.

=== Dhibbanayaasha ===
17 Diseembar, [[Ciidamada Badda ee Masar]] waxay bilaabeen hawlgallada soo kabashada, iyadoo ay taageerayaan 23 xirfadlayaal quusitaanka maxalliga ah iyo hiwaayadleyda [[Hurghada]] iyo Safaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 40 ilaa 50 meydad ayaa la soo saaray maalintii ugu horreysay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain, Others From Ferry |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-18-mn-563-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=LA Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xubnaha qoyska ayaa ku ururay dekedda. Dhibbanayaasha la soo saaray inta badan waxay ahaayeen dhinaca sare ee bidix ee markabka; kabtankii markabka, Hassan Khalil Moro, iyo laba xubnood oo kale oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah waxaa laga helay aagga buundada, taas oo ka hor imanaysa xanta ah inuu ku baxsaday doon badbaado.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain And Others From Egyptian Ferry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/world/divers-recover-bodies-of-captain-and-others-from-egyptian-ferry.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |work=New York Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadkii dhintay ayaa ku xannibmay markabka dhexdiisa markii uu degayay. In kasta oo dhaqanka [[Islam]]iga uu door bidayo in laga fogaado aaska badda meeshii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Burial at Sea |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_at_sea#Islam |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=February 2021}} waxay bannaan tahay marka aysan jirin doorasho kale, iyo waddooyinka laga galo markabka ayaa la alxamay si looga hortago meydadka in la carqaladeeyo iyadoo la isku dayayo in goobta loo ilaaliyo sida qabuurihii. Tirada rakaabka iyo dadka degay labaduba waa la isku khilaafsan yahay.

Warbixinnadii hore intii lagu jiray dhibaatada ayaa ku dhibtooday inay si sax ah u qeexaan tirooyinka, iyadoo maamulku ay bixinayaan warbixinnada iska hor imanaya:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
Sedki ayaa markii hore ku dhawaaqay galabnimadii Axadda hore in 202 qof la badbaadiyay. Ka dib, telefishinka Masar ayaa sheegay in ra'iisul wasaaruhu uu tiriyay 178 la badbaadiyay. Waxa kale oo jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan tirada dadka saarnaa markabka. Liiska shirkadda maraakiibta ayaa la sheegay inuu qoray 658 qof oo saarnaa, oo ay ku jiraan 71-ka xubnood ee shaqaalaha, halka waaxda amniga dekedda ee Safaga ay tirada guud ku sheegtay kaliya 589.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinta rasmiga ah ee Lloyds Maritime Casualties waxay sheegtay inay jireen 644 rakaab ah wadarta guud - 180 badbaadayaal, 117 meydad la soo saaray, oo ka mid ah 464 wadarta guud ee dhibbanayaasha. Ilo kale ayaa rakaabka siiya 650 qof - 578 rakaab ah iyo 72 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; Warbixin wararka casriga ah ayaa siinaysa wadarta wax yar ka duwan oo ah 664 rakaab ah, iyadoo 179 badbaadayaal ah iyo 485 maqan waqtiga daabacaadda, iyadoo leh 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; ''The New York Times'' ayaa soo warisay in kaliya 10 ka mid ah 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah ay badbaadeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo kale ayaa sheegaya in tirada dhimashada, ama wadarta dhabta ah ee meydadka la soo saaray ay ahayd 850,&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |title=Salem Express |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in doonidu ay ku rarnayd rakaab badan labadaba sagxadda iyo kuwa taagan sagxadda baabuurta. Isha asalka ah ee mala-awaalkan waa mid aan caddayn.

===Baadhitaan===
Sida loo soo saarayo meydadka, Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Atef Sedki]] wuxuu amray hawlgallada baadhitaanka si loo eego cadaymaha; 16-kii, mas'uuliyiinta Masar ayaa xiray toddoba xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah si loo baaro sababta degitaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

==Quusitaan==
[[file:Diving Salem Express.JPG|thumbnail|right|]]
Burburka markabka wuxuu yaallaa xeebta Port Safaga, Hyndman reef, 26º39’01″N; 34º03’48″E; qoto dheer oo {{convert|32|m}} sagxadda badda, {{convert|12|m}} dhinaca burburka markabka.

Doorashada in lagu quusto goobta waxay weli tahay mid muran ka taagan yahay bulshooyinka quusitaanka, sababtoo ah khasaaraha culus ee nolosha rayidka ah, joogitaanka joogtada ah ee meydadka goobta burburka, sida ay ugu dhowdahay markabku, iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay bulshooyinka u dhow; xaaladda sharciga ah ayaa la isku khilaafsan yahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.scubaboard.com/community/threads/cave-and-wreck-diving.527417/page-5#post-7692637
 |title=Scuba Board |access-date=2008-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo safarro badan oo loo tago burburka ay diyaar yihiin, qaar ka mid ah Hagaha Quusitaanka maxalliga ah kuma raaxaystaan ama waxay mamnuucaan gelitaanka burburka,&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; iyo quusayaasha inta badan waxay soo sheegaan dareen murugo ama aan degganayn oo ay ka qabaan khibradda. Kuwo kale waxay u booqdaan mid ka mid ah burburka badan ee aagga, iyagoo u arka inay la mid tahay booqashada goob dagaal taariikhi ah ama markab kale oo ay ku nafwaayeen. In kasta oo la sheegay in la alxamay, markabka waxaa laga geli karaa meelo badan, iyo degitaankiisa dhow waxay ka dhigan tahay inuu yahay mid aan dhaawacmin, iyo koritaanka corals. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa xaddi badan oo walxo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay oo ku jira goobta qashinka iyo markabka dhexdiisa, oo ay ku jiraan shandado iyo alaabta rakaabka: &quot;roogag, stereos la qaadan karo, xitaa baaskiillo iyo gaadhiga carruurta&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Vercoe |first1=Rik |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |website=Dive Site Directory |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214171019/http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo doomaha badbaadada ee sagxadda badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaar ka mid ah quusayaashu waxay xoogga saaraan muhiimadda aysan u faragelin goobta si loogu tixgeliyo, halka kuwo kalena ay furaan shandado oo ay soo saaraan xusuusyo.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://giddeonzeix.smugmug.com/Diving/Salem/ Diving Salem Express] Sawirro ku saabsan Salem Express gudaha iyo dibadda
* [http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf Sharraxaadda Daadgureynta Markabka Rakaabka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |date=2018-09-30 }} - waxa ku jira sharraxaadda rasmiga ah ee Lloyds ee degitaanka, iyo maraakiib kale oo badan oo la mid ah

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salem Express}}</text>
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      <id>299071</id>
      <parentid>299070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T19:06:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299071</origin>
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      <text bytes="22606" sha1="cbla9i8njw8ycbn61nixz6xsjyx5ozk" xml:space="preserve">'''MV ''Salem Express''''' wuxuu ahaa [[markab rakaab]] oo Masri-Faransiis ah oo ku degay [[Badweynta Cas]]. Wuxuu caan ku yahay khasaarihii nafeed ee ba'anaa ee dhacay markii uu degay wax yar ka dib markii uu ku dhacay reef abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo ee 14 Diseembar 1991.&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Ferry Survivors Describe a Night of Horror, Heroism : Sea disaster: 485 are still missing in sinking of Egyptian vessel. First officer's actions questioned. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-17-mn-596-story.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=L.A. Times |date=17 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{unreliablesource|date=November 2025}} 
{{Coord|26|38|22.02|N|34|3|39.9|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= ScamaroniCGT1966.jpg
 |image_caption= MS ''Fred Scamaroni'' oo ku sugan [[Marseille]]
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=
 |flag=
 |name=*1966–1980: ''Fred Scamaroni''
       *1980–1981: ''Nuits Saint Georges''
       *1981–1984: ''Lord Sinai''
       *1984–1988: ''Al Tahra''
       *1988–1991: ''Salem Express''
 |namesake=
 |owner=*1966–1969: [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]]
        *1969–1976: CGTM
        *1976–1980: [[SNCM]]
        *1980: Ole Lauritzen France
        *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
        *1988-1991: Samatour Shipping Company&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |operator=*1966–1969: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
           *1969–1976: CGTM
           *1976–1979: SNCM
           *1980: Dunkerque Ramsgate Ferries
           *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
           *1988-1991: Samatour Lines
 |registry= *1966–1980: [[Marseille]], {{flag|France}}
            *1980–1981: [[Dunkirk]], {{flag|France}}
            *1981–1991: [[Alexandria]], {{flag|Egypt}}
 |route=
 |ordered=15 Janaayo 1963
 |builder=[[Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée|Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée]], [[La Seyne Sur Mer]], {{flag|France}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |access-date=4 November 2020 |title=the Salem Express - Red Sea Wrecks|date=10 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number=1368
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=Juun 1963
 |launched=30 Noofambar 1964
 |sponsor=
 |christened= 
 |completed= 
 |acquired= 13 Maajo 1966
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Juun 1966
 |in_service=1966–1991
 |out_of_service= 15 Diseembar 1991
 |refit= 
 |identification=*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: 1966–1981: FNOC
                 *{{IMO Number|6502311}}
 |fate= Wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, 15 Diseembar 1991,&lt;ref&gt;[https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?102874 Wrecksite - Salem Express 1966-1991]&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana la sheegay in ay ku dhinteen 470 rakaab iyo shaqaale ah
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |type=[[Ferry]]
 |tonnage= {{GT|4771}}&lt;ref name=Lloyds&gt;{{cite web |title=from Lloyds Casualty Reports |url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |publisher=cited by Dr Rolf Skjong |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |displacement=
 |length={{convert|115|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|17.83|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draught={{convert|4.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |power=*2 × [[SEMT Pielstick]] 8PC2L
        *14,880 Hp (wada jir)
 |propulsion=Laba usle; [[controllable pitch propeller]]s
 |speed= {{convert|20|kn}}
 |range= 
 |capacity=*1,256 rakaab&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;
           *428 sariirood oo rakaab ah
           *145 gaadiid 
 |crew= 63
 |notes=
 }}
}}
Tirada rasmiga ah ee dhimashada waxay ahayd 470, in kastoo cadaymo qaarkood ay soo jeedinayaan in markabku uu ahaa mid dad badan saaran yihiin (overcrowded) oo tirada dhimashada dhabta ahi ay ka badnaan karto, malaha in ka badan 1,600.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Salem Express'' wuxuu ahaa markab rakaab oo [[roll-on/roll-off]] ah kaas oo shaqaynayay 25 sano, iyadoo lahayd mulkiilayaal, magacyo, iyo waddooyin joogto ah oo kala duwan wakhtigaas.

Markabka waxaa markii hore loo bixiyay ''Fred Scamaroni'', oo loogu magac daray xubin ka tirsan [[is-ka-caabbinta Faransiiska]] ee [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] kaas oo la qabtay oo la jirdilay, naftiisa ku diley qolkiisa isagoon shaacin hawlgalkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=https://www.normandy1944.info/stories/fred-scamaroni |website=D-Day, Normandy and Beyond |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la bilaabay Juun 1963. Noofambar 1964 waxaa la [[ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] waxaana loo [[Towing|jiiday]] [[Port-de-Bouc]] si loo dhamaystiro, waxaana ugu dambeyntii loo dhiibay Juun 1965 shirkadda [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]], [[Marseille]], France.

Dab ka kacay [[qolka matoorka]] ayaa dib u dhigay safarkiisii ugu horreeyay ee 26 Juun 1966. Juun 1966 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku shaqeeyo jidkiisii ugu horreeyay ee u dhexeeya Marseille iyo [[Ajaccio]]. Janaayo 1967, wuxuu ku dhacay dekada Ajaccio; iyo Abriil 1970 dab ayaa ka kacay intii uu ku sii jeeday [[Bastia]]. Intii uu ka shaqaynayay jidka [[Dunkirk]] – [[Ramsgate]] ee 1980, wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, munaasabad kalena wuxuu sababay saxmad gaadiid sababo la xiriira culayska xamuulka gaadiidka oo gaabis ahaa.
1988 waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda Samatour Shipping Company, [[Suez]], Masar, waxaana loo bixiyay ''Salem Express''; jidkiisa loo qorsheeyay wuxuu ahaa inta u dhaxaysa Suez iyo [[Jeddah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/fred_scamaroni_1965.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Safarkii ugu dambeeyay==

Safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay, ''Salem Express'' wuxuu sameeyay safarkiisa caadiga ah ee {{convert|450|mi|adj=on}} ee u dhexeeya Jeddah, Sacuudi Carabiya, iyo [[Safaga]], Masar, kaas oo qaatay qiyaastii 36 saacadood; waxay qorsheeyeen inay dajiyaan 350 rakaab ah, ka hor intaysan sii wadin safarka woqooyi ee Suez. Jidkani wuxuu ahaa jadwalka caadiga ah ee markabka tan iyo 1988. Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay laba maalmood Sacuudi Carabiya cillad xagga farsamada ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habeenkii uu degayay markabku wuxuu ahaa mid duufaan leh.

Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis. Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quusitaanka loo sameeyay burburka markabka waxay xaqiijinayaan niyadda &quot;fasaxa&quot; ee markabka, iyadoo boorsooyinka ay ka buuxaan hadiyado loo waday xubnaha qoyska. Xujeyda ka soo laabanaysay Makka waxay xirnaayeen dhar qurxoon si ay u dabaaldegaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;touregypt.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabku wuxuu ku xayirmay reef-ka coral-ka oo u jira inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|6|–|10|mi}} xeebta, ka dib markii uu ka leexday jidkiisii qorshaysnaa. Reef-ku wuxuu dalool ka furay qaybta hore ee midigta [[Bow (watercraft)|sanka]], wuxuuna garaacay albaabka hore ee markabka - taas oo u oggolaatay biyaha badda inay galaan sagxadda baabuurta.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Maraakiibta RoRo way [[Roll-on/roll-off#Seaworthiness|aad u nugul yihiin]] marka sagxadda baabuurta la jebiyo.

Diiwaanka rasmiga ah ee Lloyd's Marine Casualties wuxuu dhigayaa:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Intii uu u soo dhawaanayay Safaga saqda dhexe ee habeenkii iyadoo cimiladu ay xun tahay, Kabtanku wuxuu qaatay dariiq gaaban oo aan loo oggolaan safarka habeenkii. Markabku wuxuu ku dhacay reef wuxuuna degay 20 daqiiqo gudahood. 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinnadii hore waxay sheegeen in markabku uu dabaysha xooggan darted uga leexday jidkiisa. Tan waxaa taageeray sarkaalkii labaad ee markabka, Khalid Mamdouh Ahmed, oo shaqadiisu ahayd inuu qeexo jidka dekedda - isagoo sheegay in aan wax isbeddel ah la samayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Idaacadda dawladda [[Cairo]] ayaa soo xigatay saraakiisha Samatour oo leh markabku wuxuu ka leexday jidkiisii cimilada xun awgeed iyo in la isku dayay, oo ay u muuqato mid aan lagu guulaysan, in looga digay.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Baarayaasha Masar waxay sheegeen inaysan helin wax warbixin ah oo muujinaya in ''Salem Express'' uu ka leexday jadwalkiisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aaminaad kale ayaa ah in markabka si ulakac ah loogu qaaday jid kale kabtanku isagoo isku dayaya dariiq gaaban, si loo yareeyo wakhtiga safarka dhowr saacadood. Tan waxaa warisay wargeyska ''Al Ahram''.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Kabtan Hassan Moro wuxuu amrayay markabka tan iyo 1988 wuxuuna aqoon u lahaa biyaha, waxaana la sheegay inuu caan ku ahaa qaadashada dariiq gaaban oo u dhexeeya [[Hyndman Reef]] iyo xeebta oo ka imanaya dhinaca koonfureed, halkii uu ka mari lahaa hareeraha [[Panorama Reef]] ee dhinaca woqooyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay dhibaatooyin xagga farsamada ah oo ka dhacay Sacuudi Carabiya laba maalmood.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Dhowr xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in kabtanku uu degdegayay, Hassan wuxuu xusuustay, kalkaalisada markabka Hanan Salah waxay sheegtay in shaqaaluhu ay degdegayeen iyagoo rajaynaya inay helaan joogsi habeenimo oo buuxa si ay ugu nastaan Safaga ka hor intaysan sii wadin Suez.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Tani waa sheekada ugu badan ee lagu soo warramay ilo warbaahineed oo labaad.

===Degitaanka===
Markabku wuxuu u qorshaysnaa inuu dekedda soo gaaro 11:30 habeenimo. Shaqaaluhu way degganaayeen mana aysan filaynin masiibada; Kabtan Hassan Khalil Moro wuxuu ku nasanayay qolkiisa, sida ay caadadiisu ahayd, iyadoo sarkaalka koowaad uu ku sugnaa buundada. Abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo, jug ayaa ruxday markabka markii uu ku xayirmay xeebta, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu gariiro. Aad u dhakhso badan ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu [[Angle of list|u liisiyo]] hal dhinac, nalalkiina way dammeen. Kabtanku wuxuu dhawaaqay calaamadda gurmadka. Markabku wuxuu biyaha hoostooda ka galay 11 daqiiqo gudahood, isagoo ku xiray boqollaal dad ah sagxadda hoosteeda, wuxuuna degay gabi ahaanba 20 daqiiqo gudahood.

Xawaaraha degitaanka ayaa abuuray argagax sagxadda. Mid ka mid ah [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doomaha badbaadada]] ayaa la diray. Kalkaaliye Salah waxay sheegtay inaysan jirin wakhti dadka looga caawiyo doomaha badbaadada; badbaadayaal kale ayaa ka cabtay inay dhib kala kulmeen hawlgelinta doomaha badbaadada, iyo in qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ay iska fogeeyeen si ay iyagu doomaha u qaataan.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ayaa u degay markabka si ay u garaacaan albaabbada qolalka oo ay toosiyaan rakaabka; Shaaban abu Siriya, oo ka baxay qolkiisa sababtoo ah wuxuu maqlay xubnaha shaqaalaha oo qaylinaya, wuxuu yiri &quot;Wuu degay gabi ahaanba hal mar, waxaanan ku dhowaad waayay wakhti aan ku baxsado.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

Cimilada xun ayaa ka dhigtay badbaadada biyaha mid aad u adag. Isku dayga samatabbixinta habeenkaas laguma samayn duufaanta awgeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Hal badbaade ayaa heshay [[doon badbaado]] biyaha duufaanka leh ka dib afar saacadood oo ay ku dhegganayd ruxitaan alwaax ah; waxaa ka buuxay biyo iyo saddex meydad. Iyada oo la jirta nin kale, waxay badbaadisay 15 qof oo saaray doonta - kaliya inay ku rogmanaysay hirarka sare 7 subaxnimo. Nin kale ayaa ku sifeeyay badbaadayaal kale oo ku dheggan isla albaab alwaax ah oo hirarku ay qaadeen. Ismail Abdel Hassan, oo ahaa dabaasha dabaasha dheer ee hiwaayadda u leh oo u shaqaynayay injineer beeraha, wuxuu istaagay sagxadda markabka markii uu degayay. Wuxuu raacay nalalka dekedda wuxuuna u dabaashay xeebta, isagoo badbaaday 18 saacadood biyaha. Wuxuu isku dayay inuu laba nin oo kale u hoggaamiyo meel ammaan ah, kuwaas oo ku dhegganaa dharkiisa, laakiin mid kastaa wuxuu u dhintay daal jidkii.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

=== Samatabbixinta iyo soo kabashada ===
Cimilada xun awgeed, samatabbixiyeyaashu ma aysan bilaabi karin shaqada ilaa waaberigii 15 Diseembar, iyadoo {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} hirar ah iyo dabaylo xooggan ay ka dhigeen hawlgalka samatabbixinta mid adag. Dadaallada hore waxaa qaaday afar markab oo ciidamada badda Masar ah, saddex [[Egyptian Air Force|ciidamada cirka]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] diyaaradaha gaadiidka iyo afar helikobtar, iyadoo ay taageerayaan helikobtarrada ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka iyo Australia; doonyaha badbaadada iyo [[lifejacket]]s ayaa loo daadshay badbaadayaasha, doonyaha dalxiiskuna waxay ka caawiyeen inay dadka ka soo badbaadiyaan badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; 150 qof ayaa la sheegay in la badbaadiyay 15 Diseembar, oo ka mid ah 180 badbaadayaal ugu dambeyntii, iyadoo isku dayga samatabbixinta mar kale la joojiyay habeenkii cimilada iyo mugdiga awgeed. Baadhitaanka iyo soo kabashada ayaa sii socday intii lagu jiray 16 Diseembar.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;

Maamulka Masar ayaa markii hore qorsheeyay inay kor u qaadaan markabka. Waxaa la ogaaday inuu ku yaallay dhinaca midig ee sagxadda badda. Soo kabashada waxaa la joojiyay saddex maalmood ka dib maadaama ay aad u khatar ahayd&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; in la sii wado ilaa heerarka hoose ee markabka.

=== Dhibbanayaasha ===
17 Diseembar, [[Ciidamada Badda ee Masar]] waxay bilaabeen hawlgallada soo kabashada, iyadoo ay taageerayaan 23 xirfadlayaal quusitaanka maxalliga ah iyo hiwaayadleyda [[Hurghada]] iyo Safaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 40 ilaa 50 meydad ayaa la soo saaray maalintii ugu horreysay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain, Others From Ferry |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-18-mn-563-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=LA Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xubnaha qoyska ayaa ku ururay dekedda. Dhibbanayaasha la soo saaray inta badan waxay ahaayeen dhinaca sare ee bidix ee markabka; kabtankii markabka, Hassan Khalil Moro, iyo laba xubnood oo kale oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah waxaa laga helay aagga buundada, taas oo ka hor imanaysa xanta ah inuu ku baxsaday doon badbaado.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain And Others From Egyptian Ferry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/world/divers-recover-bodies-of-captain-and-others-from-egyptian-ferry.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |work=New York Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadkii dhintay ayaa ku xannibmay markabka dhexdiisa markii uu degayay. In kasta oo dhaqanka [[Islam]]iga uu door bidayo in laga fogaado aaska badda meeshii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Burial at Sea |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_at_sea#Islam |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=February 2021}} waxay bannaan tahay marka aysan jirin doorasho kale, iyo waddooyinka laga galo markabka ayaa la alxamay si looga hortago meydadka in la carqaladeeyo iyadoo la isku dayayo in goobta loo ilaaliyo sida qabuurihii. Tirada rakaabka iyo dadka degay labaduba waa la isku khilaafsan yahay.

Warbixinnadii hore intii lagu jiray dhibaatada ayaa ku dhibtooday inay si sax ah u qeexaan tirooyinka, iyadoo maamulku ay bixinayaan warbixinnada iska hor imanaya:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
Sedki ayaa markii hore ku dhawaaqay galabnimadii Axadda hore in 202 qof la badbaadiyay. Ka dib, telefishinka Masar ayaa sheegay in ra'iisul wasaaruhu uu tiriyay 178 la badbaadiyay. Waxa kale oo jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan tirada dadka saarnaa markabka. Liiska shirkadda maraakiibta ayaa la sheegay inuu qoray 658 qof oo saarnaa, oo ay ku jiraan 71-ka xubnood ee shaqaalaha, halka waaxda amniga dekedda ee Safaga ay tirada guud ku sheegtay kaliya 589.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinta rasmiga ah ee Lloyds Maritime Casualties waxay sheegtay inay jireen 644 rakaab ah wadarta guud - 180 badbaadayaal, 117 meydad la soo saaray, oo ka mid ah 464 wadarta guud ee dhibbanayaasha. Ilo kale ayaa rakaabka siiya 650 qof - 578 rakaab ah iyo 72 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; Warbixin wararka casriga ah ayaa siinaysa wadarta wax yar ka duwan oo ah 664 rakaab ah, iyadoo 179 badbaadayaal ah iyo 485 maqan waqtiga daabacaadda, iyadoo leh 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; ''The New York Times'' ayaa soo warisay in kaliya 10 ka mid ah 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah ay badbaadeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo kale ayaa sheegaya in tirada dhimashada, ama wadarta dhabta ah ee meydadka la soo saaray ay ahayd 850,&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |title=Salem Express |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in doonidu ay ku rarnayd rakaab badan labadaba sagxadda iyo kuwa taagan sagxadda baabuurta. Isha asalka ah ee mala-awaalkan waa mid aan caddayn.

===Baadhitaan===
Sida loo soo saarayo meydadka, Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Atef Sedki]] wuxuu amray hawlgallada baadhitaanka si loo eego cadaymaha; 16-kii, mas'uuliyiinta Masar ayaa xiray toddoba xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah si loo baaro sababta degitaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

==Quusitaan==
[[file:Diving Salem Express.JPG|thumbnail|right|]]
Burburka markabka wuxuu yaallaa xeebta Port Safaga, Hyndman reef, 26º39’01″N; 34º03’48″E; qoto dheer oo {{convert|32|m}} sagxadda badda, {{convert|12|m}} dhinaca burburka markabka.

Doorashada in lagu quusto goobta waxay weli tahay mid muran ka taagan yahay bulshooyinka quusitaanka, sababtoo ah khasaaraha culus ee nolosha rayidka ah, joogitaanka joogtada ah ee meydadka goobta burburka, sida ay ugu dhowdahay markabku, iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay bulshooyinka u dhow; xaaladda sharciga ah ayaa la isku khilaafsan yahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.scubaboard.com/community/threads/cave-and-wreck-diving.527417/page-5#post-7692637
 |title=Scuba Board |access-date=2008-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo safarro badan oo loo tago burburka ay diyaar yihiin, qaar ka mid ah Hagaha Quusitaanka maxalliga ah kuma raaxaystaan ama waxay mamnuucaan gelitaanka burburka,&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; iyo quusayaasha inta badan waxay soo sheegaan dareen murugo ama aan degganayn oo ay ka qabaan khibradda. Kuwo kale waxay u booqdaan mid ka mid ah burburka badan ee aagga, iyagoo u arka inay la mid tahay booqashada goob dagaal taariikhi ah ama markab kale oo ay ku nafwaayeen. In kasta oo la sheegay in la alxamay, markabka waxaa laga geli karaa meelo badan, iyo degitaankiisa dhow waxay ka dhigan tahay inuu yahay mid aan dhaawacmin, iyo koritaanka corals. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa xaddi badan oo walxo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay oo ku jira goobta qashinka iyo markabka dhexdiisa, oo ay ku jiraan shandado iyo alaabta rakaabka: &quot;roogag, stereos la qaadan karo, xitaa baaskiillo iyo gaadhiga carruurta&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Vercoe |first1=Rik |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |website=Dive Site Directory |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214171019/http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo doomaha badbaadada ee sagxadda badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaar ka mid ah quusayaashu waxay xoogga saaraan muhiimadda aysan u faragelin goobta si loogu tixgeliyo, halka kuwo kalena ay furaan shandado oo ay soo saaraan xusuusyo.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://giddeonzeix.smugmug.com/Diving/Salem/ Diving Salem Express] Sawirro ku saabsan Salem Express gudaha iyo dibadda
* [http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf Sharraxaadda Daadgureynta Markabka Rakaabka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |date=2018-09-30 }} - waxa ku jira sharraxaadda rasmiga ah ee Lloyds ee degitaanka, iyo maraakiib kale oo badan oo la mid ah

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      <text bytes="22566" sha1="lqgpwhuc0uep72gyevvgzgytpqfvbtf" xml:space="preserve">'''MV ''Salem Express''''' wuxuu ahaa [[markab rakaab]] oo Masri-Faransiis ah oo ku degay [[Badweynta Cas]]. Wuxuu caan ku yahay khasaarihii nafeed ee ba'anaa ee dhacay markii uu degay wax yar ka dib markii uu ku dhacay reef abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo ee 14 Diseembar 1991.&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Ferry Survivors Describe a Night of Horror, Heroism : Sea disaster: 485 are still missing in sinking of Egyptian vessel. First officer's actions questioned. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-17-mn-596-story.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=L.A. Times |date=17 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Coord|26|38|22.02|N|34|3|39.9|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= ScamaroniCGT1966.jpg
 |image_caption= MS ''Fred Scamaroni'' oo ku sugan [[Marseille]]
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=
 |flag=
 |name=*1966–1980: ''Fred Scamaroni''
       *1980–1981: ''Nuits Saint Georges''
       *1981–1984: ''Lord Sinai''
       *1984–1988: ''Al Tahra''
       *1988–1991: ''Salem Express''
 |namesake=
 |owner=*1966–1969: [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]]
        *1969–1976: CGTM
        *1976–1980: [[SNCM]]
        *1980: Ole Lauritzen France
        *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
        *1988-1991: Samatour Shipping Company&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |operator=*1966–1969: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
           *1969–1976: CGTM
           *1976–1979: SNCM
           *1980: Dunkerque Ramsgate Ferries
           *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
           *1988-1991: Samatour Lines
 |registry= *1966–1980: [[Marseille]], {{flag|France}}
            *1980–1981: [[Dunkirk]], {{flag|France}}
            *1981–1991: [[Alexandria]], {{flag|Egypt}}
 |route=
 |ordered=15 Janaayo 1963
 |builder=[[Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée|Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée]], [[La Seyne Sur Mer]], {{flag|France}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |access-date=4 November 2020 |title=the Salem Express - Red Sea Wrecks|date=10 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number=1368
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=Juun 1963
 |launched=30 Noofambar 1964
 |sponsor=
 |christened= 
 |completed= 
 |acquired= 13 Maajo 1966
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Juun 1966
 |in_service=1966–1991
 |out_of_service= 15 Diseembar 1991
 |refit= 
 |identification=*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: 1966–1981: FNOC
                 *{{IMO Number|6502311}}
 |fate= Wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, 15 Diseembar 1991,&lt;ref&gt;[https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?102874 Wrecksite - Salem Express 1966-1991]&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana la sheegay in ay ku dhinteen 470 rakaab iyo shaqaale ah
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |type=[[Ferry]]
 |tonnage= {{GT|4771}}&lt;ref name=Lloyds&gt;{{cite web |title=from Lloyds Casualty Reports |url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |publisher=cited by Dr Rolf Skjong |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |displacement=
 |length={{convert|115|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|17.83|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draught={{convert|4.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |power=*2 × [[SEMT Pielstick]] 8PC2L
        *14,880 Hp (wada jir)
 |propulsion=Laba usle; [[controllable pitch propeller]]s
 |speed= {{convert|20|kn}}
 |range= 
 |capacity=*1,256 rakaab&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;
           *428 sariirood oo rakaab ah
           *145 gaadiid 
 |crew= 63
 |notes=
 }}
}}
Tirada rasmiga ah ee dhimashada waxay ahayd 470, in kastoo cadaymo qaarkood ay soo jeedinayaan in markabku uu ahaa mid dad badan saaran yihiin (overcrowded) oo tirada dhimashada dhabta ahi ay ka badnaan karto, malaha in ka badan 1,600.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Salem Express'' wuxuu ahaa markab rakaab oo [[roll-on/roll-off]] ah kaas oo shaqaynayay 25 sano, iyadoo lahayd mulkiilayaal, magacyo, iyo waddooyin joogto ah oo kala duwan wakhtigaas.

Markabka waxaa markii hore loo bixiyay ''Fred Scamaroni'', oo loogu magac daray xubin ka tirsan [[is-ka-caabbinta Faransiiska]] ee [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] kaas oo la qabtay oo la jirdilay, naftiisa ku diley qolkiisa isagoon shaacin hawlgalkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=https://www.normandy1944.info/stories/fred-scamaroni |website=D-Day, Normandy and Beyond |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la bilaabay Juun 1963. Noofambar 1964 waxaa la [[ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] waxaana loo [[Towing|jiiday]] [[Port-de-Bouc]] si loo dhamaystiro, waxaana ugu dambeyntii loo dhiibay Juun 1965 shirkadda [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]], [[Marseille]], France.

Dab ka kacay [[qolka matoorka]] ayaa dib u dhigay safarkiisii ugu horreeyay ee 26 Juun 1966. Juun 1966 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku shaqeeyo jidkiisii ugu horreeyay ee u dhexeeya Marseille iyo [[Ajaccio]]. Janaayo 1967, wuxuu ku dhacay dekada Ajaccio; iyo Abriil 1970 dab ayaa ka kacay intii uu ku sii jeeday [[Bastia]]. Intii uu ka shaqaynayay jidka [[Dunkirk]] – [[Ramsgate]] ee 1980, wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, munaasabad kalena wuxuu sababay saxmad gaadiid sababo la xiriira culayska xamuulka gaadiidka oo gaabis ahaa.
1988 waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda Samatour Shipping Company, [[Suez]], Masar, waxaana loo bixiyay ''Salem Express''; jidkiisa loo qorsheeyay wuxuu ahaa inta u dhaxaysa Suez iyo [[Jeddah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/fred_scamaroni_1965.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Safarkii ugu dambeeyay==

Safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay, ''Salem Express'' wuxuu sameeyay safarkiisa caadiga ah ee {{convert|450|mi|adj=on}} ee u dhexeeya Jeddah, Sacuudi Carabiya, iyo [[Safaga]], Masar, kaas oo qaatay qiyaastii 36 saacadood; waxay qorsheeyeen inay dajiyaan 350 rakaab ah, ka hor intaysan sii wadin safarka woqooyi ee Suez. Jidkani wuxuu ahaa jadwalka caadiga ah ee markabka tan iyo 1988. Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay laba maalmood Sacuudi Carabiya cillad xagga farsamada ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habeenkii uu degayay markabku wuxuu ahaa mid duufaan leh.

Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis. Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quusitaanka loo sameeyay burburka markabka waxay xaqiijinayaan niyadda &quot;fasaxa&quot; ee markabka, iyadoo boorsooyinka ay ka buuxaan hadiyado loo waday xubnaha qoyska. Xujeyda ka soo laabanaysay Makka waxay xirnaayeen dhar qurxoon si ay u dabaaldegaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;touregypt.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabku wuxuu ku xayirmay reef-ka coral-ka oo u jira inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|6|–|10|mi}} xeebta, ka dib markii uu ka leexday jidkiisii qorshaysnaa. Reef-ku wuxuu dalool ka furay qaybta hore ee midigta [[Bow (watercraft)|sanka]], wuxuuna garaacay albaabka hore ee markabka - taas oo u oggolaatay biyaha badda inay galaan sagxadda baabuurta.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Maraakiibta RoRo way [[Roll-on/roll-off#Seaworthiness|aad u nugul yihiin]] marka sagxadda baabuurta la jebiyo.

Diiwaanka rasmiga ah ee Lloyd's Marine Casualties wuxuu dhigayaa:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Intii uu u soo dhawaanayay Safaga saqda dhexe ee habeenkii iyadoo cimiladu ay xun tahay, Kabtanku wuxuu qaatay dariiq gaaban oo aan loo oggolaan safarka habeenkii. Markabku wuxuu ku dhacay reef wuxuuna degay 20 daqiiqo gudahood. 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinnadii hore waxay sheegeen in markabku uu dabaysha xooggan darted uga leexday jidkiisa. Tan waxaa taageeray sarkaalkii labaad ee markabka, Khalid Mamdouh Ahmed, oo shaqadiisu ahayd inuu qeexo jidka dekedda - isagoo sheegay in aan wax isbeddel ah la samayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Idaacadda dawladda [[Cairo]] ayaa soo xigatay saraakiisha Samatour oo leh markabku wuxuu ka leexday jidkiisii cimilada xun awgeed iyo in la isku dayay, oo ay u muuqato mid aan lagu guulaysan, in looga digay.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Baarayaasha Masar waxay sheegeen inaysan helin wax warbixin ah oo muujinaya in ''Salem Express'' uu ka leexday jadwalkiisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aaminaad kale ayaa ah in markabka si ulakac ah loogu qaaday jid kale kabtanku isagoo isku dayaya dariiq gaaban, si loo yareeyo wakhtiga safarka dhowr saacadood. Tan waxaa warisay wargeyska ''Al Ahram''.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Kabtan Hassan Moro wuxuu amrayay markabka tan iyo 1988 wuxuuna aqoon u lahaa biyaha, waxaana la sheegay inuu caan ku ahaa qaadashada dariiq gaaban oo u dhexeeya [[Hyndman Reef]] iyo xeebta oo ka imanaya dhinaca koonfureed, halkii uu ka mari lahaa hareeraha [[Panorama Reef]] ee dhinaca woqooyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay dhibaatooyin xagga farsamada ah oo ka dhacay Sacuudi Carabiya laba maalmood.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Dhowr xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in kabtanku uu degdegayay, Hassan wuxuu xusuustay, kalkaalisada markabka Hanan Salah waxay sheegtay in shaqaaluhu ay degdegayeen iyagoo rajaynaya inay helaan joogsi habeenimo oo buuxa si ay ugu nastaan Safaga ka hor intaysan sii wadin Suez.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Tani waa sheekada ugu badan ee lagu soo warramay ilo warbaahineed oo labaad.

===Degitaanka===
Markabku wuxuu u qorshaysnaa inuu dekedda soo gaaro 11:30 habeenimo. Shaqaaluhu way degganaayeen mana aysan filaynin masiibada; Kabtan Hassan Khalil Moro wuxuu ku nasanayay qolkiisa, sida ay caadadiisu ahayd, iyadoo sarkaalka koowaad uu ku sugnaa buundada. Abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo, jug ayaa ruxday markabka markii uu ku xayirmay xeebta, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu gariiro. Aad u dhakhso badan ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu [[Angle of list|u liisiyo]] hal dhinac, nalalkiina way dammeen. Kabtanku wuxuu dhawaaqay calaamadda gurmadka. Markabku wuxuu biyaha hoostooda ka galay 11 daqiiqo gudahood, isagoo ku xiray boqollaal dad ah sagxadda hoosteeda, wuxuuna degay gabi ahaanba 20 daqiiqo gudahood.

Xawaaraha degitaanka ayaa abuuray argagax sagxadda. Mid ka mid ah [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doomaha badbaadada]] ayaa la diray. Kalkaaliye Salah waxay sheegtay inaysan jirin wakhti dadka looga caawiyo doomaha badbaadada; badbaadayaal kale ayaa ka cabtay inay dhib kala kulmeen hawlgelinta doomaha badbaadada, iyo in qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ay iska fogeeyeen si ay iyagu doomaha u qaataan.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ayaa u degay markabka si ay u garaacaan albaabbada qolalka oo ay toosiyaan rakaabka; Shaaban abu Siriya, oo ka baxay qolkiisa sababtoo ah wuxuu maqlay xubnaha shaqaalaha oo qaylinaya, wuxuu yiri &quot;Wuu degay gabi ahaanba hal mar, waxaanan ku dhowaad waayay wakhti aan ku baxsado.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

Cimilada xun ayaa ka dhigtay badbaadada biyaha mid aad u adag. Isku dayga samatabbixinta habeenkaas laguma samayn duufaanta awgeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Hal badbaade ayaa heshay [[doon badbaado]] biyaha duufaanka leh ka dib afar saacadood oo ay ku dhegganayd ruxitaan alwaax ah; waxaa ka buuxay biyo iyo saddex meydad. Iyada oo la jirta nin kale, waxay badbaadisay 15 qof oo saaray doonta - kaliya inay ku rogmanaysay hirarka sare 7 subaxnimo. Nin kale ayaa ku sifeeyay badbaadayaal kale oo ku dheggan isla albaab alwaax ah oo hirarku ay qaadeen. Ismail Abdel Hassan, oo ahaa dabaasha dabaasha dheer ee hiwaayadda u leh oo u shaqaynayay injineer beeraha, wuxuu istaagay sagxadda markabka markii uu degayay. Wuxuu raacay nalalka dekedda wuxuuna u dabaashay xeebta, isagoo badbaaday 18 saacadood biyaha. Wuxuu isku dayay inuu laba nin oo kale u hoggaamiyo meel ammaan ah, kuwaas oo ku dhegganaa dharkiisa, laakiin mid kastaa wuxuu u dhintay daal jidkii.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

=== Samatabbixinta iyo soo kabashada ===
Cimilada xun awgeed, samatabbixiyeyaashu ma aysan bilaabi karin shaqada ilaa waaberigii 15 Diseembar, iyadoo {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} hirar ah iyo dabaylo xooggan ay ka dhigeen hawlgalka samatabbixinta mid adag. Dadaallada hore waxaa qaaday afar markab oo ciidamada badda Masar ah, saddex [[Egyptian Air Force|ciidamada cirka]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] diyaaradaha gaadiidka iyo afar helikobtar, iyadoo ay taageerayaan helikobtarrada ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka iyo Australia; doonyaha badbaadada iyo [[lifejacket]]s ayaa loo daadshay badbaadayaasha, doonyaha dalxiiskuna waxay ka caawiyeen inay dadka ka soo badbaadiyaan badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; 150 qof ayaa la sheegay in la badbaadiyay 15 Diseembar, oo ka mid ah 180 badbaadayaal ugu dambeyntii, iyadoo isku dayga samatabbixinta mar kale la joojiyay habeenkii cimilada iyo mugdiga awgeed. Baadhitaanka iyo soo kabashada ayaa sii socday intii lagu jiray 16 Diseembar.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;

Maamulka Masar ayaa markii hore qorsheeyay inay kor u qaadaan markabka. Waxaa la ogaaday inuu ku yaallay dhinaca midig ee sagxadda badda. Soo kabashada waxaa la joojiyay saddex maalmood ka dib maadaama ay aad u khatar ahayd&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; in la sii wado ilaa heerarka hoose ee markabka.

=== Dhibbanayaasha ===
17 Diseembar, [[Ciidamada Badda ee Masar]] waxay bilaabeen hawlgallada soo kabashada, iyadoo ay taageerayaan 23 xirfadlayaal quusitaanka maxalliga ah iyo hiwaayadleyda [[Hurghada]] iyo Safaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 40 ilaa 50 meydad ayaa la soo saaray maalintii ugu horreysay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain, Others From Ferry |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-18-mn-563-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=LA Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xubnaha qoyska ayaa ku ururay dekedda. Dhibbanayaasha la soo saaray inta badan waxay ahaayeen dhinaca sare ee bidix ee markabka; kabtankii markabka, Hassan Khalil Moro, iyo laba xubnood oo kale oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah waxaa laga helay aagga buundada, taas oo ka hor imanaysa xanta ah inuu ku baxsaday doon badbaado.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain And Others From Egyptian Ferry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/world/divers-recover-bodies-of-captain-and-others-from-egyptian-ferry.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |work=New York Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadkii dhintay ayaa ku xannibmay markabka dhexdiisa markii uu degayay. In kasta oo dhaqanka [[Islam]]iga uu door bidayo in laga fogaado aaska badda meeshii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Burial at Sea |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_at_sea#Islam |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=February 2021}} waxay bannaan tahay marka aysan jirin doorasho kale, iyo waddooyinka laga galo markabka ayaa la alxamay si looga hortago meydadka in la carqaladeeyo iyadoo la isku dayayo in goobta loo ilaaliyo sida qabuurihii. Tirada rakaabka iyo dadka degay labaduba waa la isku khilaafsan yahay.

Warbixinnadii hore intii lagu jiray dhibaatada ayaa ku dhibtooday inay si sax ah u qeexaan tirooyinka, iyadoo maamulku ay bixinayaan warbixinnada iska hor imanaya:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
Sedki ayaa markii hore ku dhawaaqay galabnimadii Axadda hore in 202 qof la badbaadiyay. Ka dib, telefishinka Masar ayaa sheegay in ra'iisul wasaaruhu uu tiriyay 178 la badbaadiyay. Waxa kale oo jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan tirada dadka saarnaa markabka. Liiska shirkadda maraakiibta ayaa la sheegay inuu qoray 658 qof oo saarnaa, oo ay ku jiraan 71-ka xubnood ee shaqaalaha, halka waaxda amniga dekedda ee Safaga ay tirada guud ku sheegtay kaliya 589.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinta rasmiga ah ee Lloyds Maritime Casualties waxay sheegtay inay jireen 644 rakaab ah wadarta guud - 180 badbaadayaal, 117 meydad la soo saaray, oo ka mid ah 464 wadarta guud ee dhibbanayaasha. Ilo kale ayaa rakaabka siiya 650 qof - 578 rakaab ah iyo 72 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; Warbixin wararka casriga ah ayaa siinaysa wadarta wax yar ka duwan oo ah 664 rakaab ah, iyadoo 179 badbaadayaal ah iyo 485 maqan waqtiga daabacaadda, iyadoo leh 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; ''The New York Times'' ayaa soo warisay in kaliya 10 ka mid ah 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah ay badbaadeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo kale ayaa sheegaya in tirada dhimashada, ama wadarta dhabta ah ee meydadka la soo saaray ay ahayd 850,&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |title=Salem Express |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in doonidu ay ku rarnayd rakaab badan labadaba sagxadda iyo kuwa taagan sagxadda baabuurta. Isha asalka ah ee mala-awaalkan waa mid aan caddayn.

===Baadhitaan===
Sida loo soo saarayo meydadka, Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Atef Sedki]] wuxuu amray hawlgallada baadhitaanka si loo eego cadaymaha; 16-kii, mas'uuliyiinta Masar ayaa xiray toddoba xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah si loo baaro sababta degitaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

==Quusitaan==
[[file:Diving Salem Express.JPG|thumbnail|right|]]
Burburka markabka wuxuu yaallaa xeebta Port Safaga, Hyndman reef, 26º39’01″N; 34º03’48″E; qoto dheer oo {{convert|32|m}} sagxadda badda, {{convert|12|m}} dhinaca burburka markabka.

Doorashada in lagu quusto goobta waxay weli tahay mid muran ka taagan yahay bulshooyinka quusitaanka, sababtoo ah khasaaraha culus ee nolosha rayidka ah, joogitaanka joogtada ah ee meydadka goobta burburka, sida ay ugu dhowdahay markabku, iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay bulshooyinka u dhow; xaaladda sharciga ah ayaa la isku khilaafsan yahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.scubaboard.com/community/threads/cave-and-wreck-diving.527417/page-5#post-7692637
 |title=Scuba Board |access-date=2008-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo safarro badan oo loo tago burburka ay diyaar yihiin, qaar ka mid ah Hagaha Quusitaanka maxalliga ah kuma raaxaystaan ama waxay mamnuucaan gelitaanka burburka,&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; iyo quusayaasha inta badan waxay soo sheegaan dareen murugo ama aan degganayn oo ay ka qabaan khibradda. Kuwo kale waxay u booqdaan mid ka mid ah burburka badan ee aagga, iyagoo u arka inay la mid tahay booqashada goob dagaal taariikhi ah ama markab kale oo ay ku nafwaayeen. In kasta oo la sheegay in la alxamay, markabka waxaa laga geli karaa meelo badan, iyo degitaankiisa dhow waxay ka dhigan tahay inuu yahay mid aan dhaawacmin, iyo koritaanka corals. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa xaddi badan oo walxo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay oo ku jira goobta qashinka iyo markabka dhexdiisa, oo ay ku jiraan shandado iyo alaabta rakaabka: &quot;roogag, stereos la qaadan karo, xitaa baaskiillo iyo gaadhiga carruurta&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Vercoe |first1=Rik |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |website=Dive Site Directory |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214171019/http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo doomaha badbaadada ee sagxadda badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaar ka mid ah quusayaashu waxay xoogga saaraan muhiimadda aysan u faragelin goobta si loogu tixgeliyo, halka kuwo kalena ay furaan shandado oo ay soo saaraan xusuusyo.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://giddeonzeix.smugmug.com/Diving/Salem/ Diving Salem Express] Sawirro ku saabsan Salem Express gudaha iyo dibadda
* [http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf Sharraxaadda Daadgureynta Markabka Rakaabka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |date=2018-09-30 }} - waxa ku jira sharraxaadda rasmiga ah ee Lloyds ee degitaanka, iyo maraakiib kale oo badan oo la mid ah

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      <text bytes="21885" sha1="98ghzejyl9fckwgoyumrczfmuaio6td" xml:space="preserve">'''MV ''Salem Express''''' wuxuu ahaa [[markab rakaab]] oo Masri-Faransiis ah oo ku degay [[Badweynta Cas]]. Wuxuu caan ku yahay khasaarihii nafeed ee ba'anaa ee dhacay markii uu degay wax yar ka dib markii uu ku dhacay reef abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo ee 14 Diseembar 1991.&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Ferry Survivors Describe a Night of Horror, Heroism : Sea disaster: 485 are still missing in sinking of Egyptian vessel. First officer's actions questioned. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-17-mn-596-story.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=L.A. Times |date=17 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;/&gt;
{{Coord|26|38|22.02|N|34|3|39.9|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= ScamaroniCGT1966.jpg
 |image_caption= MS ''Fred Scamaroni'' oo ku sugan [[Marseille]]
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=
 |flag=
 |name=*1966–1980: ''Fred Scamaroni''
       *1980–1981: ''Nuits Saint Georges''
       *1981–1984: ''Lord Sinai''
       *1984–1988: ''Al Tahra''
       *1988–1991: ''Salem Express''
 |namesake=
 |owner=*1966–1969: [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]]
        *1969–1976: CGTM
        *1976–1980: [[SNCM]]
        *1980: Ole Lauritzen France
        *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
        *1988-1991: Samatour Shipping Company&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |operator=*1966–1969: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
           *1969–1976: CGTM
           *1976–1979: SNCM
           *1980: Dunkerque Ramsgate Ferries
           *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise
           *1988-1991: Samatour Lines
 |registry= *1966–1980: [[Marseille]], {{flag|France}}
            *1980–1981: [[Dunkirk]], {{flag|France}}
            *1981–1991: [[Alexandria]], {{flag|Egypt}}
 |route=
 |ordered=15 Janaayo 1963
 |builder=[[Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée|Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée]], [[La Seyne Sur Mer]], {{flag|France}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |access-date=4 November 2020 |title=the Salem Express - Red Sea Wrecks|date=10 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number=1368
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=Juun 1963
 |launched=30 Noofambar 1964
 |sponsor=
 |christened= 
 |completed= 
 |acquired= 13 Maajo 1966
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Juun 1966
 |in_service=1966–1991
 |out_of_service= 15 Diseembar 1991
 |refit= 
 |identification=*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: 1966–1981: FNOC
                 *{{IMO Number|6502311}}
 |fate= Wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, 15 Diseembar 1991,&lt;ref&gt;[https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?102874 Wrecksite - Salem Express 1966-1991]&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana la sheegay in ay ku dhinteen 470 rakaab iyo shaqaale ah
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |type=[[Ferry]]
 |tonnage= {{GT|4771}}&lt;ref name=Lloyds&gt;{{cite web |title=from Lloyds Casualty Reports |url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |publisher=cited by Dr Rolf Skjong |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |displacement=
 |length={{convert|115|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|17.83|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draught={{convert|4.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |power=*2 × [[SEMT Pielstick]] 8PC2L
        *14,880 Hp (wada jir)
 |propulsion=Laba usle; [[controllable pitch propeller]]s
 |speed= {{convert|20|kn}}
 |range= 
 |capacity=*1,256 rakaab&lt;ref name=Lloyds/&gt;
           *428 sariirood oo rakaab ah
           *145 gaadiid 
 |crew= 63
 |notes=
 }}
}}
Tirada rasmiga ah ee dhimashada waxay ahayd 470, in kastoo cadaymo qaarkood ay soo jeedinayaan in markabku uu ahaa mid dad badan saaran yihiin (overcrowded) oo tirada dhimashada dhabta ahi ay ka badnaan karto, malaha in ka badan 1,600.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga &amp; Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Salem Express'' wuxuu ahaa markab rakaab oo [[roll-on/roll-off]] ah kaas oo shaqaynayay 25 sano, iyadoo lahayd mulkiilayaal, magacyo, iyo waddooyin joogto ah oo kala duwan wakhtigaas.

Markabka waxaa markii hore loo bixiyay ''Fred Scamaroni'', oo loogu magac daray xubin ka tirsan [[is-ka-caabbinta Faransiiska]] ee [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] kaas oo la qabtay oo la jirdilay, naftiisa ku diley qolkiisa isagoon shaacin hawlgalkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=https://www.normandy1944.info/stories/fred-scamaroni |website=D-Day, Normandy and Beyond |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha waxaa la bilaabay Juun 1963. Noofambar 1964 waxaa la [[ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] waxaana loo [[Towing|jiiday]] [[Port-de-Bouc]] si loo dhamaystiro, waxaana ugu dambeyntii loo dhiibay Juun 1965 shirkadda [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]], [[Marseille]], France.

Dab ka kacay [[qolka matoorka]] ayaa dib u dhigay safarkiisii ugu horreeyay ee 26 Juun 1966. Juun 1966 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku shaqeeyo jidkiisii ugu horreeyay ee u dhexeeya Marseille iyo [[Ajaccio]]. Janaayo 1967, wuxuu ku dhacay dekada Ajaccio; iyo Abriil 1970 dab ayaa ka kacay intii uu ku sii jeeday [[Bastia]]. Intii uu ka shaqaynayay jidka [[Dunkirk]] – [[Ramsgate]] ee 1980, wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, munaasabad kalena wuxuu sababay saxmad gaadiid sababo la xiriira culayska xamuulka gaadiidka oo gaabis ahaa.
1988 waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda Samatour Shipping Company, [[Suez]], Masar, waxaana loo bixiyay ''Salem Express''; jidkiisa loo qorsheeyay wuxuu ahaa inta u dhaxaysa Suez iyo [[Jeddah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/fred_scamaroni_1965.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Safarkii ugu dambeeyay==

Safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay, ''Salem Express'' wuxuu sameeyay safarkiisa caadiga ah ee {{convert|450|mi|adj=on}} ee u dhexeeya Jeddah, Sacuudi Carabiya, iyo [[Safaga]], Masar, kaas oo qaatay qiyaastii 36 saacadood; waxay qorsheeyeen inay dajiyaan 350 rakaab ah, ka hor intaysan sii wadin safarka woqooyi ee Suez. Jidkani wuxuu ahaa jadwalka caadiga ah ee markabka tan iyo 1988. Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay laba maalmood Sacuudi Carabiya cillad xagga farsamada ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habeenkii uu degayay markabku wuxuu ahaa mid duufaan leh.

Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis. Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Quusitaanka loo sameeyay burburka markabka waxay xaqiijinayaan niyadda &quot;fasaxa&quot; ee markabka, iyadoo boorsooyinka ay ka buuxaan hadiyado loo waday xubnaha qoyska. Xujeyda ka soo laabanaysay Makka waxay xirnaayeen dhar qurxoon si ay u dabaaldegaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;touregypt.net&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=5 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabku wuxuu ku xayirmay reef-ka coral-ka oo u jira inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|6|–|10|mi}} xeebta, ka dib markii uu ka leexday jidkiisii qorshaysnaa. Reef-ku wuxuu dalool ka furay qaybta hore ee midigta [[Bow (watercraft)|sanka]], wuxuuna garaacay albaabka hore ee markabka - taas oo u oggolaatay biyaha badda inay galaan sagxadda baabuurta.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Maraakiibta RoRo way [[Roll-on/roll-off#Seaworthiness|aad u nugul yihiin]] marka sagxadda baabuurta la jebiyo.

Diiwaanka rasmiga ah ee Lloyd's Marine Casualties wuxuu dhigayaa:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Intii uu u soo dhawaanayay Safaga saqda dhexe ee habeenkii iyadoo cimiladu ay xun tahay, Kabtanku wuxuu qaatay dariiq gaaban oo aan loo oggolaan safarka habeenkii. Markabku wuxuu ku dhacay reef wuxuuna degay 20 daqiiqo gudahood. 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinnadii hore waxay sheegeen in markabku uu dabaysha xooggan darted uga leexday jidkiisa. Tan waxaa taageeray sarkaalkii labaad ee markabka, Khalid Mamdouh Ahmed, oo shaqadiisu ahayd inuu qeexo jidka dekedda - isagoo sheegay in aan wax isbeddel ah la samayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Idaacadda dawladda [[Cairo]] ayaa soo xigatay saraakiisha Samatour oo leh markabku wuxuu ka leexday jidkiisii cimilada xun awgeed iyo in la isku dayay, oo ay u muuqato mid aan lagu guulaysan, in looga digay.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Baarayaasha Masar waxay sheegeen inaysan helin wax warbixin ah oo muujinaya in ''Salem Express'' uu ka leexday jadwalkiisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aaminaad kale ayaa ah in markabka si ulakac ah loogu qaaday jid kale kabtanku isagoo isku dayaya dariiq gaaban, si loo yareeyo wakhtiga safarka dhowr saacadood. Tan waxaa warisay wargeyska ''Al Ahram''.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Kabtan Hassan Moro wuxuu amrayay markabka tan iyo 1988 wuxuuna aqoon u lahaa biyaha, waxaana la sheegay inuu caan ku ahaa qaadashada dariiq gaaban oo u dhexeeya [[Hyndman Reef]] iyo xeebta oo ka imanaya dhinaca koonfureed, halkii uu ka mari lahaa hareeraha [[Panorama Reef]] ee dhinaca woqooyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay dhibaatooyin xagga farsamada ah oo ka dhacay Sacuudi Carabiya laba maalmood.&lt;ref name=&quot;redseawreckproject.com&quot;/&gt; Dhowr xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in kabtanku uu degdegayay, Hassan wuxuu xusuustay, kalkaalisada markabka Hanan Salah waxay sheegtay in shaqaaluhu ay degdegayeen iyagoo rajaynaya inay helaan joogsi habeenimo oo buuxa si ay ugu nastaan Safaga ka hor intaysan sii wadin Suez.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; Tani waa sheekada ugu badan ee lagu soo warramay ilo warbaahineed oo labaad.

===Degitaanka===
Markabku wuxuu u qorshaysnaa inuu dekedda soo gaaro 11:30 habeenimo. Shaqaaluhu way degganaayeen mana aysan filaynin masiibada; Kabtan Hassan Khalil Moro wuxuu ku nasanayay qolkiisa, sida ay caadadiisu ahayd, iyadoo sarkaalka koowaad uu ku sugnaa buundada. Abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo, jug ayaa ruxday markabka markii uu ku xayirmay xeebta, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu gariiro. Aad u dhakhso badan ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu [[Angle of list|u liisiyo]] hal dhinac, nalalkiina way dammeen. Kabtanku wuxuu dhawaaqay calaamadda gurmadka. Markabku wuxuu biyaha hoostooda ka galay 11 daqiiqo gudahood, isagoo ku xiray boqollaal dad ah sagxadda hoosteeda, wuxuuna degay gabi ahaanba 20 daqiiqo gudahood.

Xawaaraha degitaanka ayaa abuuray argagax sagxadda. Mid ka mid ah [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doomaha badbaadada]] ayaa la diray. Kalkaaliye Salah waxay sheegtay inaysan jirin wakhti dadka looga caawiyo doomaha badbaadada; badbaadayaal kale ayaa ka cabtay inay dhib kala kulmeen hawlgelinta doomaha badbaadada, iyo in qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ay iska fogeeyeen si ay iyagu doomaha u qaataan.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ayaa u degay markabka si ay u garaacaan albaabbada qolalka oo ay toosiyaan rakaabka; Shaaban abu Siriya, oo ka baxay qolkiisa sababtoo ah wuxuu maqlay xubnaha shaqaalaha oo qaylinaya, wuxuu yiri &quot;Wuu degay gabi ahaanba hal mar, waxaanan ku dhowaad waayay wakhti aan ku baxsado.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

Cimilada xun ayaa ka dhigtay badbaadada biyaha mid aad u adag. Isku dayga samatabbixinta habeenkaas laguma samayn duufaanta awgeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt; Hal badbaade ayaa heshay [[doon badbaado]] biyaha duufaanka leh ka dib afar saacadood oo ay ku dhegganayd ruxitaan alwaax ah; waxaa ka buuxay biyo iyo saddex meydad. Iyada oo la jirta nin kale, waxay badbaadisay 15 qof oo saaray doonta - kaliya inay ku rogmanaysay hirarka sare 7 subaxnimo. Nin kale ayaa ku sifeeyay badbaadayaal kale oo ku dheggan isla albaab alwaax ah oo hirarku ay qaadeen. Ismail Abdel Hassan, oo ahaa dabaasha dabaasha dheer ee hiwaayadda u leh oo u shaqaynayay injineer beeraha, wuxuu istaagay sagxadda markabka markii uu degayay. Wuxuu raacay nalalka dekedda wuxuuna u dabaashay xeebta, isagoo badbaaday 18 saacadood biyaha. Wuxuu isku dayay inuu laba nin oo kale u hoggaamiyo meel ammaan ah, kuwaas oo ku dhegganaa dharkiisa, laakiin mid kastaa wuxuu u dhintay daal jidkii.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

=== Samatabbixinta iyo soo kabashada ===
Cimilada xun awgeed, samatabbixiyeyaashu ma aysan bilaabi karin shaqada ilaa waaberigii 15 Diseembar, iyadoo {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} hirar ah iyo dabaylo xooggan ay ka dhigeen hawlgalka samatabbixinta mid adag. Dadaallada hore waxaa qaaday afar markab oo ciidamada badda Masar ah, saddex [[Egyptian Air Force|ciidamada cirka]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] diyaaradaha gaadiidka iyo afar helikobtar, iyadoo ay taageerayaan helikobtarrada ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka iyo Australia; doonyaha badbaadada iyo [[lifejacket]]s ayaa loo daadshay badbaadayaasha, doonyaha dalxiiskuna waxay ka caawiyeen inay dadka ka soo badbaadiyaan badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; 150 qof ayaa la sheegay in la badbaadiyay 15 Diseembar, oo ka mid ah 180 badbaadayaal ugu dambeyntii, iyadoo isku dayga samatabbixinta mar kale la joojiyay habeenkii cimilada iyo mugdiga awgeed. Baadhitaanka iyo soo kabashada ayaa sii socday intii lagu jiray 16 Diseembar.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;

Maamulka Masar ayaa markii hore qorsheeyay inay kor u qaadaan markabka. Waxaa la ogaaday inuu ku yaallay dhinaca midig ee sagxadda badda. Soo kabashada waxaa la joojiyay saddex maalmood ka dib maadaama ay aad u khatar ahayd&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; in la sii wado ilaa heerarka hoose ee markabka.

=== Dhibbanayaasha ===
17 Diseembar, [[Ciidamada Badda ee Masar]] waxay bilaabeen hawlgallada soo kabashada, iyadoo ay taageerayaan 23 xirfadlayaal quusitaanka maxalliga ah iyo hiwaayadleyda [[Hurghada]] iyo Safaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;/&gt; 40 ilaa 50 meydad ayaa la soo saaray maalintii ugu horreysay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain, Others From Ferry |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-18-mn-563-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=LA Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xubnaha qoyska ayaa ku ururay dekedda. Dhibbanayaasha la soo saaray inta badan waxay ahaayeen dhinaca sare ee bidix ee markabka; kabtankii markabka, Hassan Khalil Moro, iyo laba xubnood oo kale oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah waxaa laga helay aagga buundada, taas oo ka hor imanaysa xanta ah inuu ku baxsaday doon badbaado.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain And Others From Egyptian Ferry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/world/divers-recover-bodies-of-captain-and-others-from-egyptian-ferry.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |work=New York Times |date=18 December 1991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadkii dhintay ayaa ku xannibmay markabka dhexdiisa markii uu degayay. In kasta oo dhaqanka [[Islam]]iga uu door bidayo in laga fogaado aaska badda meeshii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Burial at Sea |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_at_sea#Islam |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=February 2021}} waxay bannaan tahay marka aysan jirin doorasho kale, iyo waddooyinka laga galo markabka ayaa la alxamay si looga hortago meydadka in la carqaladeeyo iyadoo la isku dayayo in goobta loo ilaaliyo sida qabuurihii. Tirada rakaabka iyo dadka degay labaduba waa la isku khilaafsan yahay.

Warbixinnadii hore intii lagu jiray dhibaatada ayaa ku dhibtooday inay si sax ah u qeexaan tirooyinka, iyadoo maamulku ay bixinayaan warbixinnada iska hor imanaya:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
Sedki ayaa markii hore ku dhawaaqay galabnimadii Axadda hore in 202 qof la badbaadiyay. Ka dib, telefishinka Masar ayaa sheegay in ra'iisul wasaaruhu uu tiriyay 178 la badbaadiyay. Waxa kale oo jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan tirada dadka saarnaa markabka. Liiska shirkadda maraakiibta ayaa la sheegay inuu qoray 658 qof oo saarnaa, oo ay ku jiraan 71-ka xubnood ee shaqaalaha, halka waaxda amniga dekedda ee Safaga ay tirada guud ku sheegtay kaliya 589.&lt;ref name=&quot;latimes.com&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Warbixinta rasmiga ah ee Lloyds Maritime Casualties waxay sheegtay inay jireen 644 rakaab ah wadarta guud - 180 badbaadayaal, 117 meydad la soo saaray, oo ka mid ah 464 wadarta guud ee dhibbanayaasha. Ilo kale ayaa rakaabka siiya 650 qof - 578 rakaab ah iyo 72 shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; Warbixin wararka casriga ah ayaa siinaysa wadarta wax yar ka duwan oo ah 664 rakaab ah, iyadoo 179 badbaadayaal ah iyo 485 maqan waqtiga daabacaadda, iyadoo leh 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt; ''The New York Times'' ayaa soo warisay in kaliya 10 ka mid ah 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah ay badbaadeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimesbodies&quot;/&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo kale ayaa sheegaya in tirada dhimashada, ama wadarta dhabta ah ee meydadka la soo saaray ay ahayd 850,&lt;ref name=&quot;wreckproject&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |title=Salem Express |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=4 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in doonidu ay ku rarnayd rakaab badan labadaba sagxadda iyo kuwa taagan sagxadda baabuurta. Isha asalka ah ee mala-awaalkan waa mid aan caddayn.

===Baadhitaan===
Sida loo soo saarayo meydadka, Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Atef Sedki]] wuxuu amray hawlgallada baadhitaanka si loo eego cadaymaha; 16-kii, mas'uuliyiinta Masar ayaa xiray toddoba xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah si loo baaro sababta degitaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;L.A. Times&quot;/&gt;

==Quusitaan==
[[file:Diving Salem Express.JPG|thumbnail|right|]]
Burburka markabka wuxuu yaallaa xeebta Port Safaga, Hyndman reef, 26º39’01″N; 34º03’48″E; qoto dheer oo {{convert|32|m}} sagxadda badda, {{convert|12|m}} dhinaca burburka markabka.

Doorashada in lagu quusto goobta waxay weli tahay mid muran ka taagan yahay bulshooyinka quusitaanka, sababtoo ah khasaaraha culus ee nolosha rayidka ah, joogitaanka joogtada ah ee meydadka goobta burburka, sida ay ugu dhowdahay markabku, iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay bulshooyinka u dhow; xaaladda sharciga ah ayaa la isku khilaafsan yahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.scubaboard.com/community/threads/cave-and-wreck-diving.527417/page-5#post-7692637
 |title=Scuba Board |access-date=2008-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo safarro badan oo loo tago burburka ay diyaar yihiin, qaar ka mid ah Hagaha Quusitaanka maxalliga ah kuma raaxaystaan ama waxay mamnuucaan gelitaanka burburka,&lt;ref name=&quot;The Salem Express&quot;/&gt; iyo quusayaasha inta badan waxay soo sheegaan dareen murugo ama aan degganayn oo ay ka qabaan khibradda. Kuwo kale waxay u booqdaan mid ka mid ah burburka badan ee aagga, iyagoo u arka inay la mid tahay booqashada goob dagaal taariikhi ah ama markab kale oo ay ku nafwaayeen. In kasta oo la sheegay in la alxamay, markabka waxaa laga geli karaa meelo badan, iyo degitaankiisa dhow waxay ka dhigan tahay inuu yahay mid aan dhaawacmin, iyo koritaanka corals. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa xaddi badan oo walxo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay oo ku jira goobta qashinka iyo markabka dhexdiisa, oo ay ku jiraan shandado iyo alaabta rakaabka: &quot;roogag, stereos la qaadan karo, xitaa baaskiillo iyo gaadhiga carruurta&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Vercoe |first1=Rik |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |website=Dive Site Directory |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214171019/http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo doomaha badbaadada ee sagxadda badda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salem Express&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaar ka mid ah quusayaashu waxay xoogga saaraan muhiimadda aysan u faragelin goobta si loogu tixgeliyo, halka kuwo kalena ay furaan shandado oo ay soo saaraan xusuusyo.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://giddeonzeix.smugmug.com/Diving/Salem/ Diving Salem Express] Sawirro ku saabsan Salem Express gudaha iyo dibadda
* [http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf Sharraxaadda Daadgureynta Markabka Rakaabka] {{Wayback|url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |date=20180930132847 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |date=2018-09-30 }} - waxa ku jira sharraxaadda rasmiga ah ee Lloyds ee degitaanka, iyo maraakiib kale oo badan oo la mid ah

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salem Express}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>HMS Galatea (71)</title>
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      <comment>Bog cusub: {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image  |image=HMS Galatea AWM 302395.jpeg  |image_caption=HMS ''Galatea'' markii la dhammaystiray, qiyaastii 1935  }}  |section2={{Infobox ship/career  |hide_header=  |country=[[United Kingdom]]  |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}  |name=HMS ''Galatea''  |namesake=[[Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]]  |ordered=  |awarded=  |builder=[[Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]], [[Greenock]]  |laid_down=2 Juun 1933  |launched=9 Agoosto...</comment>
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      <text bytes="8577" sha1="qzl6yj01xudjby1i6uazwhsxd3y2d4i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=HMS Galatea AWM 302395.jpeg
 |image_caption=HMS ''Galatea'' markii la dhammaystiray, qiyaastii 1935
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=[[United Kingdom]]
 |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
 |name=HMS ''Galatea''
 |namesake=[[Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]]
 |ordered=
 |awarded=
 |builder=[[Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]], [[Greenock]]
 |laid_down=2 Juun 1933
 |launched=9 Agoosto 1934
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |commissioned=14 Agoosto 1935
 |recommissioned=
 |decommissioned=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |renamed=
 |reclassified=
 |refit=
 |captured=
 |struck=
 |reinstated=
 |identification=[[Pennant number]]: 71
 |fate=Wuxuu ku degay {{GS|U-557||2}} meel u dhow Alexandria 14 Diseembar 1941
 |homeport=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class={{sclass|Arethusa|cruiser|0||1934}} [[light cruiser]]
 |displacement=*5,220 tan oo caadi ah
               *6,665 tan oo buuxa
 |length={{convert|506|ft|m|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|51|ft|m|abbr=on}}
 |draught={{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}}
 |draft=
 |propulsion=*Afar Parsons geared steam turbines
             *Afar Admiralty 3-drum oil-fired boilers
             *Afar shafts
             *64,000 shp
 |speed={{convert|32|kn|km/h|0}}
 |range=Aan la aqoon; 1,325 tan oo shidaal saliid ah
 |boats=
 |capacity=
 |complement=500
 |armament=
*'''Qaabkii asalka ahaa:'''
*6 × [[BL 6 inch Mk XXIII naval gun]]s
*4 x [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk V|4-inch (102 mm) Mk V]] qoryo AA ah
*2 x [[Vickers .50 machine gun|0.5 in quadruple machine guns]]
*2 x [[British 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] triple [[torpedo tube]]s
*'''Qaabkii Oktoobar 1940 – Diseembar 1941:'''
*3 x 6 in (152 mm) dual guns,
*4 x 4 in (102 mm) dual AA guns,
*2 x 0.5 in MG quadruple guns,
*8 x [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm Oerlikon]] (0.8 in) single guns,
*2 x [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|2-pounder]](40 mm) &quot;pom-pom&quot; quad guns,
*2 x 21 in (533 mm) triple torpedo tubes.
 |armour=
*'''Qaabkii asalka ahaa:'''
*1 ilaa 3 inji – [[Magazine (artillery)|magazine]] protection
*2.25 inji – [[Belt armor|belt]]
*1 inji – [[Deck (ship)|deck]], [[gun turret|turret]]s and [[Bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]]s
 |aircraft=Hal diyaarad (ka dibna laga saaray).
 |notes=
 }}
}}
'''HMS ''Galatea''''' wuxuu ahaa {{sclass|Arethusa|cruiser (1934)|0}} [[light cruiser]] oo ka tirsan [[Royal Navy]]. Waxaa dhistay shirkadda Scotts Shipbuilding &amp; Engineering Co. ([[Greenock]], [[Scotland]]), iyadoo keel-ka la dhigay 2 Juun 1933. Waxaa la daahfuray 9 Agoosto 1934, waxaana la hawlgeliyay 14 Agoosto 1935.

==Taariikhda==
''Galatea'' wuxuu ku biiray [[British Mediterranean Fleet|Mediterranean Fleet]] markii la hawlgeliyay, marka laga reebo muddadii u dhaxaysay Maarso ilaa Sebteembar 1938 wuxuu ahaa flagship, [[Rear admiral (D)|Rear Admiral (Destroyers)]]. Isagoo ku sugan [[Malta]], markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Spain wuxuu ka qayb qaatay roondooyinkii wadajirka ahaa ee fulinayay [[Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War|siyaasadda faragelin la'aanta]], mararka qaarkood isagoo iskaashi la leh {{ship|German cruiser|Deutschland}} iyo [[Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943)|Italian]] destroyers. Ka dib waxaa la geeyay [[Alexandria]], wuxuuna ku jiray feejignaan intii lagu guda jiray [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|duullaankii Talyaaniga ee Abissynia]]. Horraantii ilaa badhtamihii 1938 markabka ayaa lagu sameeyay dayactir [[Devonport, Plymouth|Devonport]]. Waxaa dib loo hawlgeliyay Mediterranean-ka, waxaana la geeyay Malta iyo Alexandria. 29 Maarso 1939 gudaha [[Gandia]] ''Galatea'' wuxuu saaray hoggaamiyihii [[National Defence Council (Spain)|National Defence Council]] colonel [[Segismundo Casado]] iyo kooxdiisii; maalintii xigtay wuxuu dhoofay, 31 Maarso Casado waxaa loo wareejiyay markabkii isbitaalka {{RFAux|Maine|1902|2}}.&lt;ref&gt;Paul Preston, ''The last days of the Spanish Republic'', London 2017, {{ISBN|978-0-00-816341-9}}, pp. 291-292&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib markii uu bilaabmay [[Second World War]] waxaa loo amaray inuu guriga ku laabto, intii u dhaxaysay Febraayo iyo Maarso 1940 wuxuu ka qayb qaatay hawlgalladii lagu joojinayay [[Axis powers|Axis]] merchantmen oo isku dayayay inay ka baxaan [[Vigo]]. 4 Abriil 1940, Polish [[destroyer]]s {{ORP|Burza||2}}, {{ORP|Grom|1936|2}} iyo {{ORP|Błyskawica||2}} waxay gaareen saldhigoodii cusbaa [[Rosyth]]. Galabtii waxay ka tageen dekedda ''Galatea'', markabka ay walaalaha yihiin ee {{HMS|Arethusa|26|2}} iyo saddex destroyer. Waxaa lagu amray inay roondo ku sameeyaan [[North Sea]] waxaana markii dambe lagu amray inay joojiyaan kooxaha duullaanka Jarmalka ee ku sii jeeday Norway. Abriil 1940 wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[Norwegian Campaign]], isagoo ka tagay 25 Abriil [[Flight of the Norwegian National Treasury|isagoo qaadaya qayb ka mid ah Norwegian National Treasury]] oo loo waday Britain, bishii Maajo wuxuu ku biiray [[Commander-in-Chief, The Nore|Nore Command]] isagoo ah Flagship-ka [[2nd Cruiser Squadron]]. Isagoo gaaray Åndalsnes dhammaadkii Abriil ciidamo u waday ololihii Norway, wuxuu ku soo laabtay Rosyth isagoo wata 200 oo sanduuq oo dahab ah, mid kastaa miisaankiisu yahay {{convert|40|kg}}, oo ka yimid Norwegian national treasury.

Juun 1940 wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[Operation Aerial]] oo ahaa daadgureynta ciidamada ka socday [[Saint-Jean-de-Luz]], France, oo ay ku jireen Sir [[Ronald Hugh Campbell]], Danjiraha Britain ee France.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWDa-Aerial.htm |title=Operation Aerial}}&lt;/ref&gt; 7 Sebteembar 1940 calaamaddii &quot;Cromwell&quot; ayaa la soo saaray taas oo macnaheedu ahaa in Jarmalku ay ku degi karaan [[Kent]] waaberigii. Habeenkaas ''Galatea'' waxaa loo diray inay roondo ku sameeyaan [[Straits of Dover]] laakiin cadowga kama aysan hor iman. Waaberigii markii uu dekedda ku soo laabanayay wuxuu ku dhacay [[naval mine]] meel u dhow [[Sheerness]] wuxuuna saddex bilood ku qaatay [[dry dock]].

Wuxuu la sii joogay [[British Home Fleet|Home Fleet]] (dayactir lagu sameeyay, intii u dhaxaysay Oktoobar 1940 ilaa Janaayo 1941) ilaa Maajo 1941, wuxuuna ka qayb qaatay ugaarsiga {{ship|German battleship|Bismarck}}. Luulyo 1941 wuxuu ku biiray [[British Mediterranean Fleet|Mediterranean Fleet]] iyadoo la sii marayo [[Red Sea]], bishii Noofambarna wuxuu saldhig u ahaa [[Malta]] isagoo la socda Force &quot;K&quot;, wuxuuna ka hawlgelayay ka hortagga safarada sahayda ee Axis ee ku sii jeeday [[North Africa]].

==Aayahii==
15 Diseembar 1941 ka hor saqda dhexe ''Galatea'' waxaa lagu dhuftay torbiito wuxuuna ku degay {{ship|German submarine|U-557}} meel u dhow Alexandria, Egypt, iyadoo ay ku dhinteen 470 shaqaale ah. Qiyaastii 100 ka mid ah badbaadayaasha ayaa waxaa soo badbaadiyay destroyer-kii {{HMS|Griffin|H31|2}} iyo {{HMS|Hotspur|H01|2}}. In ka yar 48 saacadood ka dib, ''U-557'' waxaa ku dhacay {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Orione|1937|6}} wuxuuna ku degay dhammaan dadkii saarnaa.

==Qoraallada hoose==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Tixraacyo==
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After|year=2010|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-078-8 |author-link=Norman Friedman}}
* {{cite book|last1=Raven|first1=Alan|last2=Roberts|first2=John|title=British Cruisers of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1980|isbn=0-87021-922-7|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2 |author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Cassell |location=London|year=1995|isbn=1-86019-874-0|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://www.yourtotalevent.com/events/galatea.htm HMS Galatea bogga xusuusta]
*[http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-06CL-Galatea.htm HMS ''Galatea'' at naval-history.net]
**[http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1941-12DEC1.htm#galatealost Liiska dhibbanayaasha]
*[http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4006.html HMS ''Galatea'' at Uboat.net]

{{coord|31|17|N|29|13|E|display=title|type:landmark_source:dewiki}}

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    <title>HMS Barham (04)</title>
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|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= HMS Barham (1914).jpg
 |image_caption=''Barham'' oo socota xawaare hoose, badhtamihii 1930-meeyadii
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=United Kingdom
 |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
 |name=''Barham''
 |namesake=Admiral [[Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham]]
 |ordered=
 |original_cost=
 |builder=[[John Brown &amp; Company]], [[Clydebank]]
 |yard_number=424
 |laid_down=24 Febraayo 1913
 |launched= 31 Diseembar 1914
 |commissioned=19 Oktoobar 1915
 |decommissioned=
 |in_service=
 |honours=
 |identification=[[Pennant number]]: 97 (1914); 10 (Jan 18);&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Colledge |first1=J J |title=British Warships 1914–1919 |date=1972 |publisher=Ian Allan |location=Shepperton |page=34}}&lt;/ref&gt; 34 (Apr 18); 04 (Nov 19)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Dodson |first1=Aidan |title=The Development of the British Royal Navy's Pennant Numbers Between 1919 and 1940 |journal=Warship International |date=2024 |volume=61 |issue=2 |page=134–66}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |fate=Wuxuu ku degay meel u dhow Masar, 25 Noofambar 1941
 |motto=
 |nickname=
 |notes=
 |badge=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=(sida loo dhisay)
 |class={{sclass|Queen Elizabeth|battleship}}
 |displacement=*{{convert|32590|LT|t|0|lk=on}}
 |length={{convert|643|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on|1}}
 |beam={{convert|90|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on|1}}
 |draught={{convert|33|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}
 |power=* 24 [[Yarrow boiler]]s
        * {{cvt|56000|shp|lk=on}}
 |propulsion=*4 shafts; 2 [[steam turbine]] sets
 |speed={{convert|24|kn|lk=in}}
 |range={{convert|5000|nmi|abbr=on|-1}} at {{convert|12|kn}}
 |complement= 1,016 (1916)
 |armament=
* 4 × twin [[BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun|{{convert|15|in|mm|adj=on|0}}]] qoryo
* 14 × single [[BL 6 inch Mk XII naval gun|{{convert|6|in|mm|adj=on|0}}]] qoryo
* 2 × single [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|{{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on|0}} 20&amp;nbsp;cwt]] [[AA gun]]s
* 4 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo]] tuubooyin
 |armour=*[[Belt armor|Waterline belt]]: {{convert|13|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
         * [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|1|-|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
         * [[Barbette]]s: {{convert|7|-|10|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
         * [[Gun turret]]s: {{convert|11|-|13|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
         * [[Conning tower]]: {{convert|13|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
 |notes=
 }}
}}
'''HMS ''Barham''''' wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah shan {{sclass|Queen Elizabeth|battleship}}s oo loo dhisay [[Royal Navy]] horraantii 1910-meeyadii. Waxaa la dhammaystiray 1915, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaali jiray [[flagship]] wuxuuna ka qayb qaatay [[Battle of Jutland]] intii lagu jiray [[First World War]] isagoo qayb ka ah [[Grand Fleet]]. Intii ka hadhay dagaalka, marka laga reebo [[action of 19 August 1916]], adeeggiisu wuxuu inta badan ka koobnaa roondo joogto ah iyo tababar [[North Sea]].

Intii u dhaxaysay 1920-meeyadii iyo 1930-meeyadii, markabka waxaa loo qoondeeyay [[Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)|Atlantic]], [[Mediterranean Fleet|Mediterranean]], iyo [[Home Fleet]]s. ''Barham'' wuxuu door yar ka qaatay xakamaynta [[1929 Palestine riots]] iyo [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine]]. Markabku wuxuu ku sugnaa Mediterranean-ka markii uu bilaabmay [[Second World War]] Sebtembar 1939, safarkiisa guriga saddex bilood ka dib, wuxuu si lama filaan ah u jiiray oo uu quusiyay mid ka mid ah [[destroyer]]s-kii ilaalinayay, {{HMS|Duchess|H64|6}}.

Wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[Battle of Dakar]] badhtamihii 1940, halkaas oo uu waxyeello u geystay markab dagaal oo [[Vichy French]] ah, isaguna wuxuu helay waxyeello fudud. ''Barham'' ayaa ka dib loo wareejiyay Mediterranean Fleet, halkaas oo uu ku daboolay [[Malta convoys]] badan. Wuxuu gacan ka gaystay quusinta {{ship|Italian destroyer|Italian heavy cruiser}} iyo destroyer intii lagu jiray [[Battle of Cape Matapan]] Maarso 1941, waxaana waxyeello gaarsiiyay diyaaradaha Jarmalka laba bilood ka dib intii lagu jiray [[Battle of Crete#Evacuation, 28 May – 1 June|daadgureynta Crete]]. ''Barham'' waxaa xeebta Masar lagu quusiyay Noofambar oo ay ku dhinteen 862 shaqaale ah, qiyaastii saddex meelood labo meel shaqaalihiisa.

== Naqshadeynta iyo sharraxaadda ==
Maraakiibta ''Queen Elizabeth''-class waxaa loo naqshadeeyay inay sameeyaan [[squadron (naval)|squadron]] xawaare ku socda oo loogu talagalay maraakiibta oo loogu talagalay inay ka shaqeeyaan maraakiibta hormuudka u ah [[battleline]] ka soo horjeeda. Tani waxay u baahneyd awood weyn oo gardarro ah iyo xawaare dhowr [[knot (unit)|knots]] ka dheereeya markab kasta oo kale oo dagaal si ay u suurtagasho in ay ka adkaadaan nooc kasta oo markab ah.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012b, p. 277&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Parkes, pp. 560–561&lt;/ref&gt;

''Barham'' wuxuu lahaa [[length overall]] dhan {{convert|643|ft|9|in|m|1}}, [[beam (nautical)|beam]] dhan {{convert|90|ft|7|in|m|1}} iyo [[draft (hull)|draught]] qoto dheer oo dhan {{convert|33|ft|m|1}}. Waxa uu lahaa [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] caadi ah oo dhan {{convert|32590|LT|t|0|lk=on}} wuxuuna barakiciyay {{convert|33260|LT|t|abbr=on|0}} at [[deep load]]. Waxaa ku shaqaynayay laba qaybood oo ah Brown-Curtis [[steam turbine]]s, mid kasta oo wada laba shafts iyadoo la isticmaalayo uumi ka yimid 24 [[Yarrow boiler]]s. Turbines-ka waxaa lagu qiimeeyay {{convert|75000|shp|lk=on}} waxaana loogu talagalay inay gaaraan xawaare ugu badnaan {{convert|25|kn|1}}. Intii lagu jiray [[sea trial]]-kiisa oo la soo gaabiyay 6 Luulyo 1916, ''Barham'' wuxuu gaaray kaliya xawaaraha ugu sarreeya ee {{convert|23.91|kn}}. Markabku wuxuu lahaa masaafo dhan {{convert|5000|nmi|lk=in|0}} xawaare dhan {{convert|12|kn|1}}. Shaqaalihiisu waxay ahaayeen 1,016 sarkaal iyo [[naval rating|ratings]] 1916.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012b, pp. 284–285, 287&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hubka iyo kontoroolka dabka ===
Fasalka ''Queen Elizabeth'' waxaa lagu qalabeeyay sideed [[List of British ordnance terms#BL|breech-loading]] (BL) [[BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun|{{convert|15|in|adj=on|0}} Mk I]] qoryo ah oo ku jira afar twin-[[gun turret]]s, laba [[superfire|superfiring pairs]] oo ku yaal xagga hore iyo xagga dambe ee [[superstructure]], loo qoondeeyay 'A', 'B', 'X', iyo 'Y' xagga hore ilaa dambe. Laba iyo toban ka mid ah afar iyo tobankii [[BL 6 inch Mk XII naval gun|BL {{convert|6|in|adj=on|0}} Mk XII]] qoryo ayaa lagu rakibay [[casemate]]s iyadoo loo marayo [[Broadside (naval)|broadside]] markabka [[amidships]]; labada kale ayaa lagu rakibay [[forecastle]] deck oo u dhow [[funnel (ship)|funnel]] dambe waxaana ilaalinayay [[gun shield]]s. [[anti-aircraft gun|anti-aircraft (AA)]] hubku wuxuu ka koobnaa laba [[quick-firing gun|quick-firing (QF)]] [[QF 3 inch 20 cwt|{{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on|0}} 20&amp;nbsp;cwt Mk I]]&lt;ref group=Note&gt;&quot;Cwt&quot; waa soo gaabinta [[hundredweight]], 20 cwt waxay tixraacaysaa miisaanka qoriga.&lt;/ref&gt; qoryo. Maraakiibta waxaa lagu rakibay afar [[British 21 inch torpedo|21-inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s oo hoose, laba mid kasta oo broadside ah.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012b, pp. 284–285, 288–289&lt;/ref&gt;

''Barham'' waxaa lagu dhammaystiray laba [[Fire-control system#Naval fire control|fire-control directors]] oo lagu rakibay {{convert|15|ft|1|adj=on}} [[Rangefinding telemeter|rangefinder]]s. Mid ka mid ah ayaa lagu rakibay kor ku xusan [[conning tower]], oo ay ilaalinayso dabool hubaysan, kan kalena wuxuu ahaa [[Top (sailing ship)|spotting top]] kor ku xusan [[tripod mast]]. Turret kastaa waxaa sidoo kale lagu rakibay 15-foot rangefinder. Hubka ugu weyn waxaa sidoo kale xakameyn kara 'B' turret. Hubka labaad waxaa inta badan xakameynayay maamulayaasha lagu rakibay dhinac kasta oo ka mid ah compass platform-ka hore mar haddii lagu rakibay Luulyo 1917.&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, pp. 20–21, 30&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilaalinta iyo diyaaradaha ===
[[Belt armor|waterline belt]] ee fasalka ''Queen Elizabeth'' wuxuu ka koobnaa [[Krupp cemented armour]] (KC) oo ahaa {{convert|13|in|0}} oo dhumucdiisuna ay saaran tahay maraakiibta vitals. Gun turrets-ka waxaa ilaalinayay {{convert|11|to|13|in|mm|0}} oo hubka KC ah waxaana taageeray [[barbette]]s {{convert|7|-|10|in|0}} oo dhumucdiisuna. Maraakiibta waxay lahaayeen dhowr dabaq oo hubaysan oo u dhexeeyay {{convert|1|to|3|in|0}} dhumucdiisuna. Main conning tower-ka waxaa ilaalinayay {{convert|13|in|mm}} oo hubka ah. Ka dib Battle of Jutland, {{convert|1|in|mm}} oo [[high-tensile steel]] ah ayaa lagu daray dabaqa ugu weyn ee kor ku xusan [[magazine (artillery)|magazines]] waxaana lagu daray qalab dheeraad ah oo ka hortagga ololka magazines-ka.&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, pp. 21, 26&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabka waxaa lagu rakibay [[Flight deck#Early|flying-off platforms]] oo lagu rakibay saqafyada 'B' iyo 'X' turrets 1918, kuwaas oo dagaalyahannada iyo [[reconnaissance aircraft]] ay ka kici karaan. Intii lagu jiray refit-kiisa horraantii 1930-meeyadii, platforms-ka waxaa laga saaray turrets-ka waxaana lagu rakibay [[aircraft catapult|catapult]] la soo celin karo oo saqafka saaran 'X' turret, oo ay la socoto [[crane (machine)|crane]] si loo soo kabsado [[floatplane]]. Tani waxay ahayd bilowgii [[Fairey III]]F ilaa laga beddelay [[Fairey Swordfish]] 1938.&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, pp. 30, 197, 203&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Beddelka waaweyn ===
''Barham'' wuxuu helay taxane ah refits yaryar intii lagu jiray 1920-meeyadii. 1921–1922, {{convert|30|ft|adj=on|1}} rangefinders ayaa beddelay kuwii yaraa ee 'B' iyo 'X' turrets.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012b, p. 290&lt;/ref&gt; Laba sano ka dib, difaaciisa ka hortagga diyaaradaha ayaa la cusboonaysiiyay markii qoryihii asalka ahaa ee saddex-inji AA lagu beddelay lammaane [[QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun|QF {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0|spell=in}} Mk V]] AA qoryo ah intii u dhaxaysay Noofambar 1924 iyo Janaayo 1925 iyo lammaane kale oo afar-inji AA qoryo ah ayaa lagu daray Oktoobar ilaa Noofambar dabayaaqadii sanadkaas. Si loo xakameeyo qoryahan meel ku meel gaar ah oo High-Angle Control Position ayaa lagu rakibay kor ku xusan torpedo-control tower-ka dambe. Tan waxaa beddelay torpedo rangefinder horraantii 1928 markii booska joogtada ah lagu rakibay spotting top-ka dib loo qaabeeyey.&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 137&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabka ayaa si ballaaran loo beddelay intii u dhaxaysay Janaayo 1931 iyo Janaayo 1934 kharash dhan £424,000. Intii lagu jiray refit-kan, dhismaha dambe ayaa dib loo dhisay, torpedo-control tower-ka iyo rangefinder-kiisa ayaa laga saaray, oo ay la socoto qaybta dambe ee torpedo tubes. Fore funnel-ka waxaa lagu xiray funnel-ka dambe si loo yareeyo qiiqa spotting top-ka. A [[HACS|High-Angle Control System (HACS)]] Mk I director ayaa lagu daray saqafka spotting top-ka waxaana [[mainmast]]-ka dib loogu dhisay sidii tripod si loo taageero miisaanka director-ka labaad ee HACS. Lammaane octuple mounts ah oo loogu talagalay [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark VIII|2-pounder ({{cvt|40|mm|in|1}}) Mk VIII &quot;pom-pom&quot;]] anti-aircraft qoryo ah ayaa lagu daray funnel-ka agtiisa iyo laba boos oo loogu talagalay maamulayaashooda ayaa lagu daray meelaha cusub ee agtiisa iyo hoosta spotting top-ka. Intaa waxaa dheer, lammaane quadruple mounts ah oo loogu talagalay [[Vickers .50 machine gun|Vickers {{cvt|0.5|in|1}}]] [[anti-aircraft machinegun|AA machine guns]] ayaa lagu daray agtiisa conning tower-ka.&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 197&lt;/ref&gt;

Saqafyada turret-ka waxaa lagu xoojiyay dhumucdiisuna dhan {{convert|5|in|0}} iyo hubka lagu daray magazines-ka ka dib Jutland waxaa lagu beddelay 4 inji oo hubka Krupp non-cemented ah, markabkii ugu horreeyay ee dagaalka British-ka ee helay mid noocaas ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhabarka lix-inji gun casemates waxaa ku hareeraysan {{convert|1.5|in|adj=on}} bulkhead. Ilaalinta biyaha hoostooda waxaa lagu hagaajiyay iyadoo lagu daray [[torpedo bulge]]s. Waxaa loogu talagalay inay yareeyaan saamaynta qaraxyada torpedo-ga oo ay hagaajiyaan xasiloonida&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, pp. 129, 197, 200&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo lagu bixinayo kharashka ballaarinta markabka beam-ka ku dhawaad {{convert|14|ft|m|1}} ilaa {{convert|104|ft|m|1}},&lt;ref name=&quot;conways_1922-46&quot;&gt;Campbell 1980, p. 7&lt;/ref&gt; oo yareeyay draught-kiisa ilaa {{convert|32|ft|6|in|m|1}}. Tani waxay kordhisay metacentric height-kiisa ilaa ku dhawaad {{convert|7|ft|m|1}} at deep load, inkastoo uu kordhay deep displacement-kiisa ilaa {{convert|35970|LT|t}}.&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 203&lt;/ref&gt; Markii ''Barham'' uu sameeyay sea trials-kiisa 20 Noofambar 1933, xawaarihiisa waxaa laga dhimay {{convert|22.5|kn}} ilaa {{convert|65655|shp|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012a, p. 75&lt;/ref&gt;

Beddelka dambe waxaa ka mid ahaa beddelka single mounts-ka ee AA qoryo leh twin mounts oo loogu talagalay [[QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun|QF 4-inch Mark XVI qori]], ka saarista torpedo tubes-ka hoose ee hore iyo high-angle rangefinder-ka Maarso–Maajo 1938. Intaa waxaa dheer torpedo-control tower-ka dambe waxaa lagu beddelay air-defence position intii lagu jiray refit-kaas. Intii uu ku jiray dayactirka Diseembar 1939{{snd}}Maarso 1940, 20-barrel [[Unrotated projectile]] (UP) rocket launcher ayaa lagu rakibay saqafka 'B' turret iyo HACS Mk I directors-kiisa waxaa lagu beddelay Mk III models. Sanadkii xigay UP mount-ka waxaa lagu beddelay lammaane quadruple Vickers 0.5-inch machine gun mounts ah iyo lammaane kale oo eight-barreled &quot;pom-pom&quot; mounts ah ayaa lagu daray agtiisa conning tower-kiisa.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012a, p. 85; Raven &amp; Roberts, pp. 203, 205&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhismaha iyo shaqada ==
Fasalka ''Queen Elizabeth'' waxaa loo amaray inay qayb ka noqdaan 1912 Naval Programme iyo qandaraaska ''Barham'' waxaa la siiyay [[John Brown &amp; Company]].&lt;ref name=gg3&gt;Preston, p. 33&lt;/ref&gt; Markabka, oo loogu magac daray Admiral [[Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham]],&lt;ref name=s6&gt;Silverstone, p. 216&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa [[laid down]] lagu sameeyay yard-ka [[Clydebank]] 24 Febraayo 1913 waxaana [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] lagu sameeyay 31 Diseembar 1914.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012b, p. 284&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 17&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|Si cajiib ah, Preston, Silverstone, iyo Parkes dhammaantood waxay bixiyaan taariikhda daahfurka 31 Oktoobar;&lt;ref name=gg3/&gt;&lt;ref name=s6/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Parkes, p. 562&lt;/ref&gt; si kastaba ha ahaatee buugaagta tixraaca ee casriga ah sida ''Jane's Fighting Ships'' iyo ilo kale oo casri ah sida Lenton, Colledge iyo http://clydeships.co.uk waxay ku heshiiyaan taariikhda 31 Diseembar 1914.|group=Note}} ''Barham'' wuxuu ku kacay wadar ahaan [[Pound sterling|£]]2,470,113.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012b, p. 285&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo dhammaystiray tijaabooyin 19 Agoosto 1915 kuwaas oo qaatay ilaa dhammaadka Sebtembar inay dhammaystiraan iyadoo uu amar ku jiro [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]] [[Arthur Craig Waller]]. Maalintii xigtay, 1 Oktoobar, [[Rear-Admiral]] [[Hugh Evan-Thomas]], taliyaha [[British 5th Battle Squadron|5th Battle Squadron]], ayaa kor u qaaday calankiisa markabkiisa cusub ee flagship-ka ah.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 19, 21, 265&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka ===
''Barham'' wuxuu ku biiray [[Grand Fleet]] ee [[Scapa Flow]] maalintii xigtay wuxuuna ka qayb qaatay hawlgal tababar oo fleet ah oo galbeedka [[Orkney]] intii lagu jiray 2–5 Noofambar.&lt;ref&gt;Jellicoe, pp. 249, 253&lt;/ref&gt; Intii lagu jiray layli kale oo tababar ah horraantii Diseembar, markabka waxaa si lama filaan ah u [[naval ram|rammed]] sameeyay walaalkiis {{HMS|Warspite|03|2}} 3 Diseembar. Ka dib dayactirka ku meel gaadhka ah ee Scapa, ''Barham'' waxaa loo diray [[Cromarty Firth]] si loo sameeyo dayactir joogto ah oo ku yaal [[floating dry dock]] halkaas oo socday ilaa 23 Diseembar.&lt;ref&gt;Jellicoe, pp. 257–258; Jones, pp. 26–29&lt;/ref&gt;

Grand Fleet waxay ka dhoofeen safar North Sea ah 26 Febraayo 1916; Admiral [[John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe|Sir John Jellicoe]], taliyaha Grand Fleet, wuxuu rabay inuu isticmaalo [[Harwich Force]] si uu u xaaqo [[Heligoland Bight]], laakiin cimilada xun ayaa ka hortagtay hawlgallada koonfurta North Sea. Natiijo ahaan, hawlgalku wuxuu ku koobnaa dhammaadka waqooyi ee badda. Xaaqid kale ayaa bilaabatay 6 Maarso, laakiin waa in la joojiyaa maalintii xigtay maadaama cimiladu ay aad u adkaatay [[destroyer]]s-ka ilaalinayay. Habeenkii 25 Maarso, ''Barham'' iyo inta kale ee fleet-ka waxay ka dhoofeen Scapa Flow si ay u taageeraan [[Vice-Admiral]] [[David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty|David Beatty]] battlecruisers iyo ciidamo kale oo fudud oo weerarayay saldhigga [[Zeppelin]] ee Jarmalka ee [[Tondern]]. Markii Grand Fleet ay u dhawaatay aagga 26 Maarso, ciidamada British-ka iyo Jarmalka horay ayay u kala baxeen iyo [[gale]] xooggan ayaa hanjabay light craft-ka, markaa fleet-ka waxaa lagu amray inay ku laabtaan saldhigga. 21 Abriil, Grand Fleet waxay sameeyeen mudaaharaad off [[Horns Reef]] si ay u mashquuliyaan Jarmalka inta [[Imperial Russian Navy|Russian Navy]] ay dib u dhigayeen minefields-kooda difaaca ee [[Baltic Sea]]. Fleet-ka ayaa ku laabtay Scapa Flow 24 Abriil oo shidaal ka qaatay ka hor inta aysan u sii socon koonfurta iyada oo laga jawaabayo warbixinnada sirdoonka ee ah in Jarmalku ay ku dhow yihiin inay bilaabaan [[Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft|weerar ku qaadaan Lowestoft]]. 5th Battle Squadron waxay ka horreeyeen inta kale ee Grand Fleet si ay u xoojiyaan Beatty's battlecruiser fleet, laakiin British-ka waxay gaareen aagga ka dib markii Jarmalku ay ka baxeen. 2–4 Maajo, fleet-ka waxay sameeyeen mudaaharaad kale off Horns Reef si ay u ilaaliyaan dareenka Jarmalka North Sea.&lt;ref&gt;Jellicoe, pp. 271, 275, 279–80, 284, 286–290&lt;/ref&gt; 21 Maajo, 5th Battle Squadron waxaa lagu lifaaqay Beatty intii uu [[3rd Battlecruiser Squadron]]-kiisu ahaa mid laga soocay tababarka hubka wuxuuna gaaray [[Rosyth]] maalintii xigtay.&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, pp. 48–49&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Battle of Jutland ====
[[File:Map of the Battle of Jutland, 1916.svg|thumb|400px|Khariidadaha muujinaya dhaqdhaqaaqa maraakiibta British-ka (buluug) iyo Jarmalka (cas) 31 Maajo{{snd}}1 Juun 1916|alt=Maraakiibta British-ka waxay ka dhoofeen waqooyiga Britain ilaa bari halka Jarmalku ay ka dhoofeen Jarmalka koonfurta; maraakiibta iska soo horjeeda waxay ku kulmeen off xeebta Danish-ka]]
{{Main|Battle of Jutland}}
Iyadoo la isku dayayo in la soo saaro oo la burburiyo qayb ka mid ah Grand Fleet, High Seas Fleet, oo ka kooban 16 dreadnoughts, 6 [[Pre-dreadnought battleship|pre-dreadnoughts]], 6 [[light cruiser]]s, iyo 31 [[torpedo boat]]s, ayaa ka dhoofay [[Jade Bight|Jade]] horraantii subaxnimadii 31 Maajo. Fleet-ka ayaa ka dhoofay concert la leh Rear Admiral [[Franz von Hipper]] shan battlecruisers iyo taageeraya cruisers iyo torpedo boats. Royal Navy-ga [[Room 40]] ayaa qabsaday oo decrypt gareeyay radio traffic-ga Jarmalka oo ka kooban qorshayaasha hawlgalka. Jawaab ahaan Admiralty ayaa amartay Grand Fleet, oo dhan qiyaastii 28 dreadnoughts iyo 9 battlecruisers, inay ka baxaan habeenkii ka hor si ay u gooyaan oo u burburiyaan High Seas Fleet.&lt;ref&gt;Tarrant, pp. 54–55, 57–58&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham'' ayaa ka siibatay [[mooring (watercraft)|mooring]]-keeda 22:08 waxaana raacay inta kale ee Beatty maraakiibtiisa.&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, p. 64&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=Note&gt;Waqtiyada loo isticmaalay qaybtan waxay ku jiraan [[Universal Time|UT]], hal saac ka dambeeya [[Central European Time|CET]], kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo shaqooyinka Jarmalka.&lt;/ref&gt;

Markii waagu baryay Beatty wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa inay galaan cruising formation iyadoo 5th Battle Squadron ay daba joogaan battle cruisers-kiisa {{convert|5|nmi|spell=in}}. 14:15, Beatty wuxuu amray leexasho [[north by east]] si uu ula kulmo Grand Fleet. Wax yar ka hor leexashada, mid ka mid ah light cruisers-kiisa, {{HMS|Galatea|1914|2}} ayaa arkay qiiq horizon-ka wuxuuna sii waday koorsadiisa si uu u baaro. Toban daqiiqo ka dib, markabku wuxuu radio-ga ku yiri &quot;Laba cruisers, malaha cadow, oo la arki karo...&quot; Waxay dhab ahaantii ahaayeen laba Jarmal destroyers oo joogsaday si ay u hubiyaan warqadaha markab ganacsi oo Danish ah. 14:32, Beatty wuxuu amray isbeddel koorso oo ku socda south-southeast jawaab ahaan warbixinta goobta. ''Barham''{{'}} signallers-ka awood uma aysan yeelan inay akhriyaan signal-ka iyo [[officer of the watch]]-kiisa wuxuu u qaatay inuu ahaa barta la filayo [[zigzag]] ilaa bidix ee koorsada aasaasiga ah wuxuuna signal siiyay isbeddelka koorsadaas inta kale ee squadron-ka. Dhowr daqiiqo ka dib waxay noqotay mid muuqata in squadron-ku uusan ku habboonayn Beatty maraakiibtiisa kale, laakiin Evan-Thomas wuu diiday inuu beddelo koorsada ilaa tilmaamo cad la helay inkastoo la weydiistay iyadoo laga baryayo ''Barham''{{'}} [[captain (nautical)|captain]]. Inkasta oo waqtiga saxda ah ee Evan-Thomas uu amray maraakiibtiisa inay u leexdaan Beatty raacaan aan la aqoon, isfahamku waa inuu ahaa qiyaastii toddoba daqiiqo ka dib, taas oo kordhisay masaaftiisa Beatty ilaa wax ka yar {{convert|10|nmi|spell=in}}.&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, p. 67, 74–77, 81–82, 85&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|Gordon wuxuu u hibeeyay cutub dhan arrintan maadaama xisaabaadka kala duwan aan la isku waafajin karin records-ka badbaaday.|group=Note}}

Hipper's battlecruisers ayaa arkay Battlecruiser Fleet xagga galbeed 15:20, laakiin Beatty maraakiibtiisa ma aysan arkin Jarmalka xagga bari ilaa 15:30. Laba daqiiqo ka dib, Beatty wuxuu amray isbeddel koorso oo ku socda east-southeast, isagoo u dhigaya maraakiibta British-ka inay gooyaan Jarmalka line-ka bixitaanka, oo signal siiyay [[action stations]]. Hipper wuxuu amray maraakiibtiisa inay u leexdaan starboard, ka fog British-ka, si ay u qaataan koorso south-easterly ah, oo yareeyay xawaaraha ilaa {{convert|18|kn}} si loogu oggolaado saddex light cruisers oo ka tirsan 2nd Scouting Group inay qabsadaan. Leexashadan, Hipper wuxuu dib ugu soo noqonayay High Seas Fleet, {{convert|60|mi}} gadaashiisa. Beatty ka dibna wuxuu beddelay koorsada xagga bari, maadaama uu wali aad u fog yahay waqooyi si uu Hipper u gooyo.&lt;ref&gt;Tarrant, pp. 69, 71, 75&lt;/ref&gt; Tan waxaa markii dambe lagu tilmaamay &quot;Run to the South&quot; maadaama Beatty uu beddelay koorsada si uu u hoggaamiyo east-southeast 15:45, hadda oo u dhiganta Hipper koorsadiisa oo ka yar {{convert|18000|yd}} fog. Waqtigaas 5th Battle Squadron waxay ahayd qiyaastii {{convert|7.5|nmi|spell=in}} waqooyi-galbeed ee Beatty. Jarmalku waxay fureen dabka marka hore 15:48, waxaana raacay British battlecruisers.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 34–35, 39&lt;/ref&gt;

Light cruisers-ka 2nd Scouting Group waxay ahaayeen maraakiibta Jarmalka ugu horreeya ee Evan-Thomas maraakiibtiisa u muuqda iyo ''Barham'' waxay fureen dabka iyaga 15:58 ilaa cruisers-ka ay ku baaba'een [[smoke screen]]-kooda qiyaastii 16:05.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 43–46&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaastii saddex daqiiqo ka dib, markabka wuxuu furey dabka battlecruiser-ka {{SMS|Von der Tann}} masaafo dhan qiyaastii {{convert|23000|yd|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, pp. 113–115&lt;/ref&gt; Daqiiqo ka dib waxay ku dhufteen hal hit stern-ka markabka Jarmalka ka hor inta aan la amrin inay u beddelaan bartilmaameedyada battlecruiser-ka {{SMS|Moltke}}, oo ay la socoto walaalkiis {{HMS|Valiant|1914|2}}. Shell-ku wuxuu ku dhuftay hoos u dhaca waterline-ka wuxuuna qarxay markii uu ku dhacay belt armour-ka. Saamayntu waxay ahayd mid sax ah oo ku saabsan kala-goysyada u dhexeeya dhowr armor plates wuxuuna ku kaxeeyay iyaga gudaha wuxuuna burburiyay qayb ka mid ah hull-ka gadaashooda. Waxyeelladu waxay u oggolaatay in ka badan {{convert|1000|LT|t|0}} biyo ah inay daadad u galaan stern-ka oo ku dhawaad garaaceen steering gear-ka markabka. Intooda dhexe, ''Barham'' iyo ''Valiant'' waxay ku dhufteen ''Moltke'' afar jeer 16:16 ilaa 16:26, laakiin mid ka mid ah hits-kaas ayaa loo aanayn karaa ''Valiant''. Labo ka mid ah kuwa kale ayaa qarxay markii ay ku dhufteen waterline armour-ka, laakiin way ku guuldareysteen inay galaan. Saamayntu waxay ku kaxaysay plates-ka iyo fragments-ka waxay keeneen daadad badan iyagoo waxyeello u geystay dhismaha ku hareeraysan. Shell-kii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu dhex maray markabka oo dhan isagoon qarxin; wuxuu ku dhuftay oo uu ka saaray {{convert|100|mm|adj=on}} armor plate-ka waterline-ka dhinaca kale ee markabka taas oo keentay sidoo kale daadad. ''Barham'' lafteeda ayaa la dhuftay laba jeer intii lagu jiray &quot;Run to the South&quot;: kii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ahaa {{convert|28.3|cm|adj=on|0}} shell oo ka yimid ''Von der Tann'' oo ku guuldareystay inuu waxyeello geysto markii uu ku dhuftay waterline armour-ka iyo battlecruiser {{SMS|Lützow}} wuxuu furey {{convert|30.5|cm|adj=on|0}} shell oo ku qarxay superstructure-ka dambe. Tani waxay u dirtay splinters meel kasta waxayna bilowday dab yar, laakiin si kale ma aysan geysan waxyeello weyn.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 49, 76–77, 85–90&lt;/ref&gt;

16:30, light cruiser {{HMS|Southampton|1912|2}}, oo sahaminaysay Beatty maraakiibtiisa ka hor, ayaa arkay curiyeyaasha hoggaanka ee High Seas Fleet oo u imanaya waqooyi xawaare sare. Saddex daqiiqo ka dib, waxay aragtay topmasts-ka Vice-Admiral [[Reinhard Scheer]] maraakiibtiisa dagaalka, laakiin uma aysan warbixinin tan ilaa shan daqiiqo oo kale. Beatty wuxuu sii waday koonfurta laba daqiiqo oo kale si uu u xaqiijiyo aragtida ka hor inta aan la amrin ciidamadiisa inay u leexdaan waqooyi, dhanka Grand Fleet waxaana loo yaqaanaa &quot;Run to the North&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Massie, pp. 598–600&lt;/ref&gt; Amarkiisu wuxuu khuseeyay oo kaliya ciidamadiisa; 5th Battle Squadron waxay sii wadeen koonfurta ilaa ay ka dhaafeen Beatty oo u socda waqooyi-galbeed 16:51. Beatty ka dibna wuxuu amray Evan-Thomas inuu u leexiyo maraakiibtiisa isku xigxiga si ay u raacaan battlecruisers-ka saddex daqiiqo ka dib. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay ahaayeen kuwo {{convert|4000|yd|m}} u dhow High Sea Fleet oo si degdeg ah u horumarsan. Oo hadda masaafo u jirta maraakiibta dagaalka ee 3rd Squadron kuwaas oo furey dabka 5th Battle Squadron markii ay sameeyeen leexashadooda.{{refn|Tani waa arrin kale oo dhibaato leh oo ilo kala duwan ay ku kala duwan yihiin taas oo Gordon u hibeeyay cutub dhan.|group=Note}}

Evan-Thomas wuxuu sii waday leexashadiisa ilaa maraakiibtiisu ay ku socdaan due north, taas oo dhex gashay 5th Battle Squadron inta u dhaxaysa Hipper's battlecruisers,&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, pp. 404–407&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo dib u rogay koorsada qiyaastii 16:48 si ay u raacaan Beatty waqooyi,&lt;ref&gt;Brooks, p. 250&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Beatty maraakiibtiisa. Intii uu sameynayay leexashada,&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, pp. 143–144&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham'' waxaa ku dhuftay laba 30.5-centimetre shells 16:58, malaha battlecruiser {{SMS|Derfflinger}}. Kii ugu horreeyay ee kuwan ayaa ku dhuftay markabka upper deck ka hor inta aanu qarxin markii uu ku dhuftay main deck-ka kor ku xusan qaybta dukaanka caafimaadka, kaas oo si buuxda u gubtay. Qarxintu waxay ku afuufay {{convert|7|by|7|ft|m|1|adj=on}} god main deck-ka, waxay u dirtay fragments-ka iyada oo loo marayo middle iyo lower decks-ka waxayna gubtay casemate-ka starboard No. 2 six-inch qori. Saddex daqiiqo ka dib shell kale ayaa ku dhuftay superstructure-ka dambe, waxayna goysay antenna cables-ka saldhigga weyn ee [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless]]. Hal fragment ayaa ka soo noqday upper deck-ka iyo iyada oo loo marayo side plating-ka dhinaca kale ee markabka.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 100, 126–129&lt;/ref&gt; Ama kii ugu horreeyay ama kii afraad ee shells-kan ayaa burburiyay sickbay-ga markabka, iyagoo dilay shaqaalaha iyo dhammaan bukaanada, oo ay ku jiraan sideed [[ship's boy]]s.&lt;ref&gt;Gordon, p. 410&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham'' waxay ku soo celisay dabka battlecruisers-ka 17:02, oo ay la socoto ''Valiant'', labada waqooyi ee Evan-Thomas maraakiibtiisa, labadooduna waxay sameeyeen saddex hits battlecruiser {{SMS|Seydlitz}} iyo ''Lützow'' intii u dhaxaysay 17:06 iyo 17:13 halka ''Barham'' la dhuftay laba jeer oo kale ''Derfflinger''; in kasta oo midkoodna hits-ka uusan geysan waxyeello weyn. Marka la barbar dhigo, hit-ka ''Lützow'' wuxuu fatahay {{convert|15|cm|adj=on}} magazine iyo hits-ka ''Seydlitz'' waxay ku afuufay {{convert|10|by|13|ft|m|1|adj=on}} god dhinaca bow-geeda. Fragments-ka hit-kan waxay keeneen daadad ku faafay bow-ga, halka xawaaraha markabka uu u oggolaaday biyaha inay si toos ah u galaan iyada oo loo marayo godka dhinaca. Fragments kale oo ka yimid hit-ka labaad waxay keeneen waxyeello u oggolaatay biyaha inay ku faafaan xitaa dheeraad. Laba hits-kan ayaa ugu dambeyntii mas'uul ka ahaa daadadka waaweyn ee ku dhowaad quusiyay ''Seydlitz'' ka dib dagaalka. Shell-ka saddexaad wuxuu ku qarxay wejiga starboard [[wing turret]], inkastoo fragments qaarkood ay galeen turret-ka waxayna keeneen waxyeello yar.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 138–139&lt;/ref&gt;

Beatty xilligaas wuxuu u leexday xagga galbeed si uu u furo masaafo u dhaxaysa battlecruisers-kiisa la garaacay iyo Jarmalka. 17:45 wuxuu u leexday xagga bari si uu u qaato booskiisa hor Grand Fleet iyo dib u hawlgelinta Hipper maraakiibtiisa. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in 5th Battle Squadron iyo light cruisers ay ahaayeen bartilmaameedyada kaliya ee Jarmalka laga heli karo ilaa ka dib leexashadiisa, in kasta oo aragga sii xumaanaya ay caqabad ku noqdeen toogashada labada dhinac. ''Barham'' laguma dhuftay intii lagu jiray waqtigan iyada iyo ''Valiant'', oo ay ku soo biireen walaalkood ''Warspite'', waxay sii wadeen inay ku ridaan Hipper 1st Scouting Group ilaa 18:02 markii ''Valiant'' uu arkay Jarmalka. Waxay ku dhufteen ''Lützow'', ''Derfflinger'' iyo ''Seydlitz'' saddex jeer intii u dhaxaysay 17:19 iyo qiyaastii 18:05. ''Lützow'' wax yar ayay waxyeello gaareen hits-kan, kuwaas oo asal ahaan kaliya garaacay qolalka wireless-ka ee aasaasiga ah iyo back-up halka shells-ka ku dhuftay ''Derfflinger'' ay ku dhuftay dhinaca bow-ga markabka, iyagoo garaacay dhowr armor plates, halka fragments-ku ay fureen godad kuwaas oo ugu dambeyntii u oggolaaday qiyaastii {{convert|2000|t|LT|0}} biyo ah inay galaan bow-ga. Mid ka mid ah hits-kan ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay dhowr dab oo waaweyn oo gudaha hull-ka ah. Hits-ka ''Seydlitz'' inta badan waxay fureen godad badan oo fududeeyay daadadka.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 101–102, 108–110, 115–116, 134–142&lt;/ref&gt;

Hipper wuxuu u leexiyay maraakiibtiisa koonfurta qiyaastii 18:05 si uu dib ugu soo noqdo maraakiibta dagaalka ee Scheer ee horumaraya ka dibna dib u rogay koorsada shan daqiiqo ka dib. Evan-Thomas wuxuu u leexiyay waqooyi-bari qiyaastii 18:06 ka dibna wuxuu sameeyay leexasho gaabis ah oo koonfur-bari ah markii uu arkay Grand Fleet. Wuxuu marka hore arkay markab dagaal {{HMS|Marlborough|1912|2}}, flagship-ka 6th Division ee [[1st Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)|1st Battle Squadron]] wuxuuna u qaatay inay hoggaaminayso Grand Fleet markii ay ka soo baxday cruising formation iyadoo loo marayo [[line ahead]]. 18:17 wuxuu ogaaday in ''Marlborough'' ay dhab ahaantii ku jirtay gadaasha dhismaha wuxuuna amray leexasho waqooyi si uu squadron-kiisa ugu keeno line-ka gadaasha Grand Fleet. Tani waxay qaadatay waqti iyo maraakiibtiisu waxay ahayd inay yareeyaan xawaaraha ilaa {{convert|12|-|18|kn}} si looga fogaado overrunning 6th Division iyo xannibaadda dabkeeda. 5th Battle Squadron waxay diiradda saareen dabkooda maraakiibta dagaalka ee Jarmalka ka dib markii ay arkeen battlecruisers-ka, iyadoo ''Barham'' ay fureyso dabka 18:14. Hits laguma arkin maraakiibtuna waxay joojiyeen toogashada ka dib markii ay sameeyeen leexashadooda waqooyi, laakiin ''Barham'' waxay furey dabka waqti gaaban markii ay ku dhaceen line-ka Grand Fleet dhowr daqiiqo ka dib, malaha iyada oo aan la samaynin wax hits ah.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 147, 153, 158, 165&lt;/ref&gt;

''Barham'' waxay riday 337 fifteen-inch shells iyo 25 six-inch shells intii lagu jiray dagaalka. Tirada hits-ka lama xaqiijin karo, laakiin waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay iyada iyo ''Valiant'' ay sameeyeen 23 ama 24 hits intooda dhexe, iyaga oo ka dhigaya laba ka mid ah maraakiibta dagaalka ee ugu saxsan fleet-ka British-ka. Waxaa la dhuftay lix jeer intii lagu jiray dagaalka, shan jeer 30.5&amp;nbsp;cm shells iyo hal jeer 28.3&amp;nbsp;cm shell, iyada oo ay soo gaareen khasaare dhan 26 la dilay iyo 46 la dhaawacay.&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1986, pp. 340, 346, 349, 354–355, 358&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Hawlgal dambe ====
[[File:NH 50155.jpeg|thumb|upright=1.3|Muuqaalka hawada ee ''Barham'' ee Scapa Flow, 1917]]
Ka dib Jutland, ''Barham'' wuxuu ku jiray dayactir ilaa 5 Luulyo 1916.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conway06 p34&quot;&gt;Preston, p. 34&lt;/ref&gt; Habeenkii 18 Agoosto, Grand Fleet waxay u dhoofeen badda jawaab ahaan farriin ay decrypt gareeyeen Room 40 oo tilmaamaysa in High Seas Fleet, minus II Squadron, ay ka tagi doonaan dekedda habeenkaas. Ujeeddada Jarmalku waxay ahayd inay weeraraan [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]] 19 Agoosto, iyadoo lagu salaynayo sahamin ballaaran oo ay sameeyeen Zeppelins iyo submarines. Grand Fleet waxay ka dhoofeen 29 dreadnoughts iyo 6 battlecruisers halka Jarmalku ay ururiyeen 18 dreadnoughts iyo 2 battlecruisers. Intii lagu jiray maalintii xigtay, Jellicoe iyo Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, taliyaha High Seas Fleet, waxay heleen sirdoon is khilaafsan; ka dib markii ay gaareen goobta North Sea halkaas oo ay filayeen inay kula kulmaan High Seas Fleet, British-ku waxay u leexdeen waqooyi iyada oo la aaminsan yahay in ay galeen minefield. Scheer wuxuu u leexday koonfurta mar kale, ka dibna wuxuu u jiheeyay koonfur-bari si uu u raacdo battle squadron British ah oo kali ah oo ay arkeen airship, kaas oo dhab ahaantii ahaa Harwich Force oo ka kooban [[cruiser]]s iyo destroyers oo hoos yimaada [[Commodore (Royal Navy)|Commodore]] [[Reginald Tyrwhitt]]. Markii ay garteen qaladkooda, Jarmalku waxay beddeleen koorsada guriga. Xiriirka kaliya wuxuu yimid habeenkii markii Tyrwhitt uu arkay High Seas Fleet laakiin wuxuu awoodi waayay inuu gaaro meel faa'iido leh oo weerar ah ka hor inta aanu gudcurku dhicin, wuxuuna xiriirka ka gooyay. British-ka iyo Jarmalka maraakiibta waxay ku laabteen guriga; British-ku waxay lumiyeen laba cruisers oo loo geystay weerarro submarine ah, iyo hal dreadnought Jarmal ah ayaa la torpedo gareeyay. Ka dib markii uu ku laabtay dekedda, Jellicoe wuxuu soo saaray amar mamnuucay in fleet-ka halis la geliyo qaybta koonfureed ee North Sea sababtoo ah khatarta culus ee ka imanaysa mines iyo [[U-boat]]s ilaa fursadaha laga adkaado High Seas Fleet in decisive engagement ay ahaayeen kuwa wanaagsan.&lt;ref&gt;Massie, pp. 682–684&lt;/ref&gt;

Waxaana la refit gareeyay [[Cromarty]] intii u dhaxaysay Febraayo iyo Maarso 1917&lt;ref name=&quot;Conway06 p34&quot;/&gt; iyo King [[George V]] ayaa kormeeray markabka 22 Juun [[Invergordon]].&lt;ref&gt;Jones, p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham'' waxaa la refit gareeyay Rosyth 7–23 Febraayo 1918&lt;ref&gt;Campbell 1972, p. 42&lt;/ref&gt; Waller-na waxaa beddelay Captain [[Henry Buller]] 18 Abriil. Midka dambe waxaa beddelay Captain Richard Horne 1 Oktoobar. Waxay joogtay markii High Seas Fleet ay is dhiibeen internment 21 Noofambar.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 79–81, 265&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Inta u dhaxaysay dagaallada ===
[[File:HMS Barham Malaya and Argus.jpg|thumb|left|''Barham'' oo hoggaaminaysa ''Malaya'' iyo [[aircraft carrier]] {{HMS|Argus|I49|2}} dhammaadkii 1920-meeyadii]]
''Barham'' wuxuu noqday flagship-ka 1st Battle Squadron ee [[Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)|Atlantic Fleet]] Abriil 1919, wuxuuna sameeyay booqasho dekedda [[Cherbourg]], France bishaas iyada oo la socota inta kale ee squadron-ka.&lt;ref&gt;Burt 2012a, p. 134&lt;/ref&gt; Captain [[Robin Dalglish]] ayaa beddelay Horne 1 Oktoobar 1920.&lt;ref name=j5&gt;Jones, p. 265&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay haysatay booskeeda markii 1st iyo 2nd Battle Squadrons lagu biiriyay Maajo 1921.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; Dalglish waxaa beddelay Captain [[Percy Noble (Royal Navy officer)|Percy Noble]] 18 Oktoobar 1922.&lt;ref name=j5/&gt; ''Barham'' wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[Fleet review (Commonwealth realms)|Fleet review]] 26 Luulyo 1924 [[Spithead]]. Dhowr bilood ka dib, hadda oo uu amrayo Captain [[Richard Hill (Royal Navy officer)|Richard Hill]],&lt;ref name=j5/&gt; markabka mar kale wuxuu haysatay booskeeda markii 1st Battle Squadron loo qaybiyay labo iyo ''Queen Elizabeth''s-ka 1st Battle Squadron cusub loo wareejiyay [[Mediterranean Fleet]] 1 Noofambar 1924.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; 14 Oktoobar 1925, Captain [[Francis Arthur Marten|Francis Marten]] ayaa beddelay Hill, laakiin wuxuu haystay amarka kaliya ilaa 9 Maarso 1926 markii Captain [[Joseph Henley]] uu qaatay amarka.&lt;ref name=j5/&gt; Iyadoo la socota walaalkiis {{HMS|Malaya||2}}, ''Barham'' waxaa loo diray [[Alexandria, Egypt]], Maajo 1927 intii lagu jiray waqti aan degganayn.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; Hadda oo uu amrayo Captain [[Hubert Monroe]]&lt;ref name=j5/&gt; iyo iyadoo la socota markab dagaal {{HMS|Ramillies|07|2}}, wuxuu ku safray xeebta [[West Africa]] laga bilaabo Diseembar 1927 ilaa Febraayo 1928. Waxay noqotay [[private ship]] Janaayo sanadkaas waxaana la refit gareeyay Portsmouth Royal Dockyard Febraayo–Luulyo. Wax yar ka dib markii ay ku laabteen Mediterranean-ka, ''Barham'' mar kale wuxuu noqday flagship-ka 1st Battle Squadron Sebtembar ka dib walaalkiis ''Warspite'' oo ay ahayd inuu ku laabto guriga dayactir ka dib [[Ship grounding|running aground]].&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; Captain [[James Somerville]] ayaa beddelay Monroe 1 Diseembar waxaana la beddelay markii xigtay 16 Maarso 1929 Captain John C. Hamilton.&lt;ref name=j5/&gt; Markabka waxaa lagu beddelay flagship ahaan {{HMS|Revenge|06|2}} Juun&lt;ref name=b5&gt;Burt 2012a, p. 135&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana loo amray Palestine Agoosto halkaas oo shaqaalihiisu gacan ka geysteen xakamaynta [[1929 Palestine riots|rioting in Haifa]] iyo sidoo kale operated [[Palestine Railways|Haifa-Jerusalem railroad]].&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 115–116&lt;/ref&gt; Markabka waxaa loo wareejiyay 2nd Battle Squadron ee Atlantic Fleet Noofambar 1929,&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; iyo, iyadoo la socota ''Malaya'', waxay sameeyeen booqasho dekedda [[Trondheim]], Norway badhtamihii 1930 halkaas oo ay ku ridaan salute si ay u dabaaldegaan dhalashada [[Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen|Princess Ragnhild]] 9 Juun.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 121–122&lt;/ref&gt;

Intii u dhaxaysay Janaayo 1931 iyo Janaayo 1934, ''Barham'' wuxuu maray refit weyn. Iyadoo ''Warspite'', ''Valiant'' iyo {{HMS|Queen Elizabeth|1913|2}} ay heleen waxa u dhigma dib u dhis dhammaystiran oo leh mashiinno cusub iyo superstructures intii lagu jiray badhtamihii ilaa dhammaadkii 1930-meeyadii, isbeddelada ''Barham'' waxay ahaayeen kuwo yar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Conwayss22 p8&quot;&gt;Campbell 1980, p. 8&lt;/ref&gt; Hadda oo uu amrayo Captain [[Richard Scott (Royal Navy Officer)|Richard Scott]],&lt;ref name=j5/&gt; ''Barham'' waxaa loo qoondeeyay [[Home Fleet]] sidii flagship-ka 2nd Battle Squadron,&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; waxaana loo diray West Indies Janaayo–Febraayo 1935 tababar. Markabku wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[Silver Jubilee]] Fleet Review ee George V 16 Luulyo Spithead&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 127–131&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana ka dib loo wareejiyay Mediterranean Fleet dhammaadka Agoosto.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; Waqtigaas, Captain [[Norman Wodehouse]] ayaa beddelay Scott. Waxay si kooban u geysay [[Haifa]] Maajo 1936 bilowgii [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|Arab revolt in Palestine]]. Wax yar ka dib, waxaa loo diray Gibraltar dhowr bilood ka dib bilowgii [[Spanish Civil War]] Luulyo.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 135–136, 139, 149, 265&lt;/ref&gt;

''Barham'' wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii flagship-ka 1st Battle Squadron laga bilaabo Noofambar 1936 ilaa Maajo 1937 wuxuuna ka qayb qaatay Coronation Fleet Review ee King [[George VI]] 19 Maajo Spithead. Waxay noqotay flagship-ka Mediterranean Fleet 9 Juun ilaa laga beddelay ''Warspite'' 8 Febraayo 1938.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; Captain [[Henry Horan]] ayaa qaatay amarka 28 Luulyo 1937, inkastoo uu haystay amarka kaliya ilaa 22 Abriil 1938 markii uu beddelay Captain [[Algernon Willis]].&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 151, 265&lt;/ref&gt; Markabku wuxuu dib u bilaabay doorkiisii hore ee flagship-ka 1st Battle Squadron Febraayo 1938 intii uu marayay refit Portsmouth kaas oo socday ilaa Maajo.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; Willis waxaa beddelay Captain [[Thomas Walker (Royal Navy Officer)|Thomas Walker]] 31 Janaayo 1939. Intii lagu jiray booqasho dekedda [[Corfu]] Juun, markabka waxaa soo booqday King [[George II of Greece]].&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 164, 265&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ===
''Barham'' wuxuu qayb ka ahaa Mediterranean Fleet bilowgii [[Second World War]] Sebtembar 1939. Waxay noqotay [[private ship]] 1 Diseembar waxayna ka dhoofday Alexandria si ay ugu biirto Home Fleet maalintaas.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 169, 172&lt;/ref&gt; 12 Diseembar, waxay si lama filaan ah u jiirtay mid ka mid ah ilaaliyayaasheeda, destroyer {{HMS|Duchess|H64|2}}, dhababka qaro weyn {{convert|9|mi|spell=in}} galbeedka [[Mull of Kintyre]]. ''Duchess'' [[capsized]] wayna quustay, iyadoo ay ku dhinteen 124 shaqaalihiisa.&lt;ref&gt;English, p. 60&lt;/ref&gt;

''Barham'', [[battlecruiser]] {{HMS|Repulse|1916|2}} iyo destroyers {{HMS|Fame|H78|2}}, {{HMS|Icarus|D03|2}}, {{HMS|Imogen|D44|2}}, {{HMS|Isis|D87|2}} iyo {{HMS|Nubian|F36|2}} waxay ku jireen roondo off [[Butt of Lewis]] si ay uga difaacaan suurtagalnimada in Jarmalka maraakiibta dagaalka ay u baxsadaan [[Atlantic]] markii ay arkeen {{GS|U-30|1936|6}}, oo uu amrayo [[Fritz-Julius Lemp]], 28 Diseembar. Lemp wuxuu ku riday afar torpedoes labada [[capital ship]],&lt;ref&gt;Blair, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; iyo mid wuxuu ku dhuftay ''Barham'' dhinaca port-kiisa, ku xigta shell rooms-ka 'A' iyo 'B' turrets. Anti-torpedo bulge-ka waxaa asal ahaan la burburiyay iyadoo ku xigta weerarka, iyadoo afar nin la dilay laba kalena la dhaawacay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whitley p103&quot;&gt;Whitley, p. 103&lt;/ref&gt; Inta badan compartments-ka ku xigta way fataheen markabkuna wuxuu qaatay 7 degree [[list (watercraft)|list]] kaas oo lagu diiday iyadoo lagu wareejiyay saliid shidaal starboard. ''Barham''{{'}} xawaarihiisa waxaa markii hore laga dhimay {{convert|10|kn}}, laakiin waxaa lagu kordhiyay {{convert|16|kn}} ku dhawaad saacad iyo badh ka dib waxayna awooday inay ku sii socoto awooddeeda&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 343&lt;/ref&gt; ilaa [[Birkenhead]] si loogu dayactiro [[Cammell Laird]] kaas oo socday ilaa Abriil 1940.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt;

[[File:HMS Barham.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|''Barham'' ee Mediterranean-ka]]
Captain Geoffrey Cooke ayaa qaatay amarka 25 Maarso&lt;ref name=j5/&gt; iyo Navy waxay ka faa'iidaysatay fursadda si ay u kordhiyaan light anti-aircraft armament-kiisa oo ay u cusboonaysiiyaan maamulayaashiisa.&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 205&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham'' wuxuu door ka qaatay [[Norwegian Campaign]] inkastoo qaar ka mid ah shaqaalihiisa iyo [[Royal Marines|marines]] ay ka qayb qaateen. Iyadoo loo diyaar garoobayo [[Operation Menace]], weerar British naval ah oo ku qaaday Dakar, [[Senegal]], ka hor inta aan la qorsheyn degitaan [[Free French]], markabka waxaa laga soocay Home Fleet 28 Agoosto waxaana loo qoondeeyay Force M, qaybta Royal Navy ee hawlgalka. Waxay ka dhoofeen Scapa Flow maalintaas, oo ay ilaalinayeen afar destroyers,&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 190, 192&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna la kulmeen troop convoy intii ay ku sii jeedeen [[Gibraltar]]&lt;ref&gt;Rohwer, p. 38&lt;/ref&gt; halkaas oo ay gaareen 2 Sebtembar. Waxay markii dambe noqotay flagship-ka taliyaha Force M, Vice-Admiral [[John Cunningham (Royal Navy officer)|John Cunningham]].&lt;ref name=b5/&gt; Waxaa xoojiyay markab dagaal {{HMS|Resolution|09|2}} iyo [[aircraft carrier]] {{HMS|Ark Royal|91|2}} oo ka yimid [[Force H]], ''Barham'' wuxuu ka dhoofay Gibraltar ilaa [[Freetown]], [[Sierra Leone]], afar maalmood ka dib.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, p. 195&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Operation Menace ====
{{main|Battle of Dakar}}
Force M waxay ka dhoofeen Freetown ilaa Dakar 21 Sebtembar waxayna gaareen Dakar ka hor waaberigii laba maalmood ka dib. Ka dib markii Free French emissaries la qabtay ama ay kaxeeyeen [[Vichy French]], Cunningham wuxuu amray maraakiibtiisa inay furaan dabka.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan &amp; Dumas, p. 141&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham''{{'}} six-inch qoryihiisa waxay ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay ee sidaas sameeya waxayna ku rideen {{ship|French submarine|Persée}} oogada sare. Waxay sheegteen ugu yaraan hal hit&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 197–198&lt;/ref&gt; iyo submarine-ka waxaa dhammeeyay laba ka mid ah destroyers-ka ilaalinayay iyo light cruiser {{HMS|Dragon|D46|2}}. Hubkiisa weyn wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dekedda iyo markab dagaal {{ship|French battleship|Richelieu|1939|2}}. Waxaa caqabad ku ahaa aragga oo liita, waxyeello weyn laguma geysan iyo ''Richelieu'' laguma dhuftay ka hor inta aan bombardment-ka laga joojin 20 daqiiqo ka dib.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan &amp; Dumas, pp. 141–142&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib dhicitaanka ultimatum si ay u is dhiibaan subaxnimadii xigtay, maraakiibta dagaalka waxay ka qayb qaateen dekedda {{convert|24|cm|in|adj=on}} [[coastal artillery|coast-defence qoryo]] iyo ''Richelieu'' 09:30. Tan dambe waxaa kaliya oo ku dhuftay hal shell splinter ka hor inta aysan Allies-ku joojin bombardment-ka 10:07, inkasta oo ay ku dhuftay ''Barham'' hal jeer oo leh {{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} shell&lt;ref name=jd3&gt;Jordan &amp; Dumas, p. 143&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo ku afuufay god {{convert|4|ft|1}} dhexroor ah bulge-ka.&lt;ref name=dnc&gt;Director of Naval Construction&lt;/ref&gt; {{ship|French destroyer|Le Hardi}} [[sortie]]d dekedda 12:00 si loo badbaadiyo pilot British ah oo biyaha ku jira, laakiin waxaa lagu hawlgeliyay 12:53 maraakiibta dagaalka masaafo dhan {{convert|11000|m|yd|order=flip}}. Markabka laguma dhuftay, laakiin waxaa lagu qasbay inuu ku laabto dekedda iyadoo la ilaalinayo smoke screen culus. Maraakiibta dagaalka British-ka ayaa markaas beddelay bartilmaameedyada si ay u weeraraan dekedda iyo ''Richelieu''. Waxay dejiyeen dhowr maraakiib ganacsi oo dab ah, laakiin mar kale way ku guuldareysteen inay ku dhuftaan tan dambe masaafo dhan {{convert|15500|m|yd|order=flip}} ka hor inta aysan joojin dabka 13:20.&lt;ref name=jd3/&gt; Intii lagu jiray waqtigan ''Barham'' waxaa ku dhuftay 24&amp;nbsp;cm shell oo dhex maray superstructure-ka ka hor inta uusan qarxin saamayn yar la'aan iyo iyada oo aan keenin wax khasaare ah. Shell kale, malaha sidoo kale 24&amp;nbsp;cm size (inkastoo suurtagal ah 38&amp;nbsp;cm shell ka yimid Richelieu)&lt;ref name=dnc/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jordan &amp; Dumas, pp. 410–411&lt;/ref&gt; ayaa ku qarxay biyaha dhinaca starboard oo ku xiga funnel-ka. Shockwave-ka ka dhashay wuxuu ku riixay bulge-ka gudaha dherer dhan {{convert|7|ft|m|1}} wuxuuna bilaabay inuu si tartiib ah u fataho.&lt;ref name=dnc/&gt;

Ka dib shirar ka dhacay ''Barham'' dambe maalintaas, taliyayaasha Allied ayaa go'aansaday inay sii wadaan weerarka. Subaxnimadii 25 Sebtembar, ''Richelieu'' waxay ahayd markabkii ugu horreeyay ee fura dabka 09:04 masaafo dhan {{convert|22000|m|yd|order=flip}}. Sida maraakiibta dagaalka British-ka ay u dhaqaaqayeen si ay u qaataan booskooda, submarine {{ship|French submarine|Bévéziers|1935|2}} wuxuu riday afar torpedoes masaafo dhan {{convert|2500|m|yd|order=flip}}. ''Barham'' wuxuu awooday inuu ka dhufto iyaga, laakiin ''Resolution'' waxaa ku dhuftay hal torpedo amidships oo keentay list culus, waxayna ka dhacday line-ka. ''Barham'' wuxuu furey dabka masaafo dhan {{convert|19000|m|yd|order=flip}} wuxuuna ku dhuftay ''Richelieu'' hal 15-inch shell 09:15. Shell-ku wuxuu burburiyay [[messdeck]] wuxuuna dhuuqay armored deck qoto dheer oo dhan {{convert|8|cm}}, laakiin ma keenin wax khasaare ah.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan &amp; Dumas, pp. 144–147&lt;/ref&gt; Waxyeellada culus ee ''Resolution'' waxay keentay Operation Menace in laga tago iyo ''Barham'' waxay ahayd inuu u jiido Freetown si loo sameeyo dayactir ku meel gaar ah, ka hor inta aan la ilaalin convoy ilaa Gibraltar halkaas oo ay gaareen 15 Oktoobar halkaas oo waxyeelladeeda u gaarka ah la dayactiray.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 201–206&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay si kooban u qoondeeyay Force H, ka hor inta aan loo wareejin Mediterranean Fleet Noofambar 1940.&lt;ref&gt;Admiralty Historical Section, p. 6&lt;/ref&gt;

''Barham'', laba cruisers, iyo saddex destroyers oo sidoo kale loo qoondeeyay Mediterranean Fleet waxaa loo magacaabay Force F qayb ka mid ah Operation Coat, mid ka mid ah [[Operation MB8|complex series of fleet movements]] ee Mediterranean-ka. Markabka dagaalka iyo maraakiibta kale ee Force F waxaa loo xilsaaray inay ciidamo u diraan Malta, ka hor inta aysan u sii socon Alexandria.&lt;ref&gt;Admiralty Historical Section, p. 7&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham'' waxaa lagu raray 600 oo ciidan, oo ay ku jiraan raggii 12 Field Regiment, [[Royal Artillery]],&lt;ref&gt;Jones, p. 206&lt;/ref&gt; Force F waxay ka dhoofeen Gibraltar 7 Noofambar, oo ay ilaalinayeen Force H, waxay la kulmeen qaybta weyn ee Mediterranean Fleet saddex maalmood ka dib waxayna ku dejiyeen xamuulkooda Malta dambe maalintaas. Intii ay u socdeen xagga bari, aircraft carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|87|2}} ayaa laga soocay qaybta weyn si ay u weeraraan [[Battle of Taranto|Taranto]] habeenkii 11/12 Noofambar, iyadoo waxyeello u geysatay saddex markab dagaal oo Talyaani ah. ''Barham'', hadda loo qoondeeyay 1st BS, iyo ''Malaya'' ayaa laga soocay si ay shidaal ugu qaataan [[Souda Bay]], [[Crete]], ka hor inta aysan u dhoofin Alexandria, gaarista halkaas 14 Noofambar.&lt;ref&gt;Admiralty Historical Section, pp. 10–13&lt;/ref&gt; Qayb ka mid ah [[Operation Collar (convoy)|Operation Collar]] dabayaaqadii Noofambar, ''Barham'', ''Malaya'' iyo carrier {{HMS|Eagle|1918|6}} waxay daboolayeen ciidamada la kulmaya convoy ka imanaya Gibraltar. En route, ''Eagle''{{'}} diyaaradaha waxay weerareen [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] 26 Noofambar.&lt;ref&gt;Rohwer, pp. 49–50&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham'' wuxuu noqday flagship-ka 1st BS Diseembar.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt;

=== 1941 ===
[[File:HMS Barham in Suda Bay.jpg|thumb|left|''Barham'' oo shidaal ka qaadanaysa Souda Bay, Febraayo 1941]]
3 Janaayo 1941, markabka, oo ay la socdaan ''Warspite'' iyo ''Valiant'', waxay weerareen [[Bardia]] sidii hordhac u ahaa [[Battle of Bardia]]. 26 Maarso, fleet-ka Talyaaniga ayaa sortied iyadoo la isku dayayo in la qabto convoys British ah oo ku socda Greece. British-ku waxay [[Cryptanalysis of the Enigma|dhawaan jabeen codes-ka Talyaaniga]] waxayna ka dhoofeen ka dib gudcurkii 27-kii si ay u qabtaan Talyaaniga. Subaxnimadii xigtay, waxaa arkay diyaarad ka timid carrier {{HMS|Formidable|67|2}} iyo [[Battle of Cape Matapan]] ayaa bilaabmay. Weeraro badan oo hawada ah oo ay sameeyeen ''Formidable''{{'}} Fairey Swordfish [[torpedo bomber]]s ayaa waxyeello u geystay markab dagaal {{ship|Italian battleship|Vittorio Veneto||2}} oo curyaamiyay heavy cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Pola||2}} dabayaaqadii habeenkaas. Admiral [[Angelo Iachino]], taliyaha fleet-ka Talyaaniga, wuxuu amray labada kale ee heavy cruisers ee 1st [[Division (naval)|Division]] inay gacan ka geystaan ''Pola'' gudcurka. Maraakiibta Talyaaniga iyo British-ka waxay gaareen ku dhawaad isku mar goobta ''Pola'', laakiin Talyaanigu waxay lahaayeen ku dhawaad malaha fikrad ah in British-ku u dhow yihiin. Dhanka kale, British-ku waxay si sax ah u ogaayeen halka Talyaanigu joogaan, mahadsanid maraakiibtooda radar-ka leh.&lt;ref&gt;Rohwer, pp. 54, 65–66&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay fureen dabka masaafo dhan [[point-blank range]], ''Barham'' waxay curyaamisay destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Alfredo Oriani||2}} ka dibna ku biirtay ''Warspite'' iyo ''Valiant'' iyagoo curyaaminaya {{ship|Italian cruiser|Zara||2}}.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, p. 212&lt;/ref&gt;

Badhtamihii Abriil waxay ilaalinayeen fast transport {{MV|Breconshire}}, iyadoo la socota ''Warspite'' iyo ''Valiant'', ka Alexandria ilaa Malta ka hor inta maraakiibta dagaalka aysan weerarin Tripoli habeenkii 20 Abriil. 6{{ndash}}12 Maajo, waxay daboolayeen Alexandria-Malta convoy ee [[Operation Tiger (1941)|Operation Tiger]].&lt;ref&gt;Rohwer, p. 72&lt;/ref&gt; Walaalkiisii cusbaa ee yimid ''Queen Elizabeth'', ''Barham'' wuxuu ilaalinayay ''Formidable'' maadaama diyaaraddiisu ay weerareen garoonka diyaaradaha ee Talyaaniga ee [[Scarpanto]] waaberigii 26 Maajo iyadoo guul yar laga gaaray. Intii ay daboolayeen daadgureynta Crete maalintii xigtay, markabka waxaa weeraray [[Junkers Ju 88]] bombers ka yimid II./[[Lehrgeschwader 1|LG (Demonstration Wing) 1]] iyo [[Heinkel He 111]] bombers ee II./[[Kampfgeschwader 26|KG (Bomber Wing) 26]]. Mid ka mid ah {{convert|250|kg|adj=on}} bomb wuxuu ku dhuftay 'Y' turret wuxuuna bilaabay dab gudaha turret-ka kaas oo qaatay 20 daqiiqo in la damiyo. Near miss wuxuu dillaacay portside bulge-kiisa aag dhan {{convert|20|by|16|ft|m|1}} wuxuuna keenay 1.5 degree list kaas oo si fudud loo saxay iyadoo la miiqayo saliid. Khasaare waxay ahayd shan la dilay iyo lix la dhaawacay. Waxay gaartay Alexandria maalintii xigtay, laakiin waxay ahayd mid aad u weyn dekedda sabbaysa halkaas waana in loo diraa meel kale si loo dayactiro. Waxay u safartay koonfur iyadoo loo marayo [[Suez Canal]] ilaa [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]], halkaas oo waxyeelladeeda la baaray. Waxay caddaatay inay ka xun tahay sidii la filayay iyo ''Barham'' waxay ahayd in lagu dayactiro [[Durban]], [[South Africa]], maadaama aysan u qalmin inay samayso trans-Atlantic crossing si loogu dayactiro United States.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 219–220; Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull &amp; Malizia, pp. 377, 386&lt;/ref&gt; Dayactirka waxaa la dhammaystiray lix toddobaad ka dib 30 Luulyo markabkuna wuxuu ku laabtay Alexandria Agoosto halkaas oo ay dib u bilowday doorkeedii flagship-ka 1st Battle Squadron.&lt;ref name=b5/&gt;

==== Quusinta ====
[[File:HMS Barham explodes.jpg|thumb|Magazine oo qarxay, 25 Noofambar 1941]]
Galabnimadii 24 Noofambar 1941, 1st Battle Squadron, ''Barham'', ''Queen Elizabeth'', iyo ''Valiant'', oo leh ilaalin sideed destroyers ah, ayaa ka dhoofay Alexandria si ay u daboolaan [[7th Cruiser Squadron|7th]] iyo [[15th Cruiser Squadron]]s markii ay ugaarsanayeen convoys Talyaani ah Central Mediterranean.&lt;ref&gt;Admiralty Historical Section, pp. 201–202&lt;/ref&gt; Subaxnimadii xigtay, {{GS|U-331}}, oo uu amrayo ''[[Oberleutnant zur See]]'' [[Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen]], ayaa ogaaday dhawaaqyada mashiinka ee maraakiibta British-ka wuxuuna u dhaqaaqay inuu qabto. Galabnimadii submarine-ka iyo 1st Battle Squadron waxay ahaayeen koorsooyin isdhaafsi ah Tiesenhausenna wuxuu amray doontiisa [[battle stations]] qiyaastii 16:00. [[ASDIC]] operator oo saaran mid ka mid ah destroyers-ka hoggaanka, {{HMS|Jervis||2}}, ayaa ogaaday submarine-ka 16:18 masaafo dhan qiyaastii {{convert|900|–|1100|yd}}, laakiin xiriirka waxaa la iska indhatiray maadaama uu [[subtend]]-ayay xagal u dhexeeya 40 iyo 60 digrii ballac, aad uga weyn submarine. ''U-331'' sidaas darteed wuxuu dhex maray screen-ka wuxuuna ahaa boos uu ku rido torpedoes-kiisa ka dib markii markabkii hoggaanka, ''Queen Elizabeth'', uu dhaafay iyo markabkii labaad, ''Barham'', uu si degdeg ah u xirmay. Tiesenhausen wuxuu amray dhammaan afar bow torpedo tubes oo la riday masaafo dhan {{convert|375|m|yd}} 16:25. Malaha sababtoo ah dhowaanshaheeda ''Valiant''{{'}} [[bow wave]] iyo sii deynta torpedoes-ka, munaaradda doonta ayaa ka soo baxday oogada waxaana si aan miro dhal lahayn u hawlgeliyay mid ka mid ah &quot;pom-pom&quot;s-ka markabka dagaalka masaafo dhan qiyaastii {{convert|30|yd|m}}. Doontu waxay u quustay si aan la xakameyn karin ka dib markii ay ka soo baxday, iyadoo gaartay qoto dheer oo dhan {{convert|265|m}}, aad uga hooseeya [[Submarine depth ratings|design depth rating]]-keeda dhan {{convert|150|m}}, ka hor inta aysan xasilin iyada oo aan waxyeello gaarin. ''U-331'' laguma weerarin destroyers-ka ilaalinayay waxayna gaartay dekedda 3 Diseembar. Tiesenhausen kama uusan hubin natiijooyinka weerarkiisa wuxuuna radio-ga ku yiri inuu ku dhuftay markab dagaal oo Queen Elizabeth-class ah hal torpedo.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 225–232&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma jirin waqti loogu talagalay evasive action, iyo saddex ka mid ah afar torpedoes ayaa ku dhuftay amidships si aad isugu dhow si ay u tuuraan hal column biyo oo weyn. ''Barham'' si degdeg ah ayuu u rogay port-ka wuxuuna jiifay dhinaciisa markii qarax weyn oo magazine ah uu dhacay ku dhawaad afar daqiiqo ka dib markii la torpedo gareeyay oo la quusiyay. [[Naval Board of Inquiry|Board of Enquiry]] ee quusinta ayaa u aanaynayay qaraxii ugu dambeeyay dabka 4-inch magazines ee bannaanka magazines-ka weyn ee 15-inch, kaas oo markaas ku faafi lahaa oo qarxin lahaa waxyaabaha ku jira magazines-ka weyn.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 258–259&lt;/ref&gt; Sababtoo ah xawaaraha uu u quusay, 862 sarkaal iyo ratings ayaa la dilay,&lt;ref name=b5/&gt;&lt;ref name=r8&gt;Rohwer, p. 118&lt;/ref&gt; oo ay ku jiraan laba ku dhintay dhaawacoodii ka dib markii la badbaadiyay. Destroyer {{HMS|Hotspur|H01|2}} wuxuu badbaadiyay 337 badbaadayaal, oo ay ku jiraan Vice-Admiral [[Henry Pridham-Wippell]] iyo lammaanaha ku dhintay dhaawacoodii ka dib, halka Australian destroyer {{HMAS|Nizam|G38|2}} uu soo sheegay inuu badbaadiyay 150 nin.&lt;ref&gt;Jones, pp. 242–243&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|Jones wuxuu tixraacayaa 861 nin oo ku qoran liiska khasaaraha oo ay daabacday ''the Times'' 1942,&lt;ref name=j2&gt;Jones, p. 262&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin kala duwanaanshaha ugu weyn wuxuu khuseeyaa tirada badbaadayaasha. Naval historians Alan Raven iyo John Roberts waxay bixiyaan tiro dhan 396,&lt;ref&gt;Raven &amp; Roberts, p. 360&lt;/ref&gt; halka historian [[Jurgen Rohwer]] uu sheegayo 450.&lt;ref name=r8/&gt;|group=Note}} Captain Geoffrey Cooke wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay markabkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1525894/Lieutenant-Commander-Ginger-Lynd.html|title=Lieutenant-Commander 'Ginger' Lynd|date=2006-08-08|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quusinta waxaa lagu qabtay film cameraman ka tirsan [[Pathé News]], oo saaran ''Valiant''.&lt;ref&gt;{{YouTube|YdrISbwy_zI|&quot;British Pathé video of Barham sinking.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Hawlgal dambe ====
Si loo qariyo quusinta Jarmalka iyo si loo ilaaliyo niyadda British-ka, [[Board of Admiralty]] waxay censored gareeyeen dhammaan wararka ''Barham''{{'}} quusintiisa. Ka dib dib u dhac dhowr toddobaad ah [[War Office]] waxay u ogeysiiyeen [[next of kin]], laakiin waxay ku dareen codsi gaar ah oo sir ah: warqadaha ogeysiiska waxaa ku jiray digniin aan laga hadlin luminta markabka qof kasta oo aan ahayn ehelka dhow, iyadoo la sheegay inay ahayd &quot;aad u muhiim ah in macluumaadka dhacdada keentay luminta nolosha seygaaga aysan u helin jidka cadowga ilaa waqtiga loo dhawaaqo si rasmi ah...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Donald, p. 48&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib sheegashooyin soo noqnoqda oo ka yimid radio-ga Jarmalka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000564/19420114/060/0003|title=Nazi Radio Claims HMS Barham Sunk|date=14 Janaayo 1942|work=Dundee Courier|page=3|access-date=28 Maajo 2015| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Admiralty waxay si rasmi ah u shaacisay luminta 27 Janaayo 1942 waxayna sharaxday in

{{blockquote|waxay ahayd mid cad waqtigaas in cadowgu uusan ogeyn in la quusiyay, waxayna ahayd muhiim in la sameeyo dispositions gaar ah ka hor inta aan luminta markabkan la shaacin.|name=j2/}}

Ma ahayn ilaa Admiralty ay qirteen in ''Barham'' la quusiyay oo ay sharaxeen xaaladaha in Tiesenhausen uu ogaaday inuu quusiyay. Waxaa la siiyay [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] maalintaas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Williamson&quot;&gt;Williamson, pp. 10–11&lt;/ref&gt; ''Barham's'' shaqaalihiisa waxaa lagu xusuustaa [[memorial bench]], oo ku yaal [[Nothe Gardens]], [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]].&lt;ref name=&quot;OB&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=H.M.S. Barham Survivors 25-4-82|url=https://openbenches.org/bench/10996|publisher=OpenBenches|access-date=13 Maarso 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Helen Duncan]], oo loo tixgeliyay qofkii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu xiro [[Witchcraft Act 1735]], waxay dareenka maamulka u soo jiidatay ka dib markii ay sheegatay inay la xiriirtay ruuxa badmaax ''Barham'' ka tirsan, wakhtigii markabka quusintiisa laga qarinayay dadweynaha.&lt;ref&gt;Edmunds, Simeon. (1966). Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. Aquarian Press, pp. 137–144&lt;/ref&gt;

== Qoraallo ==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

== Xigashooyinka ==
{{Reflist|25em}}

== Tixraacyo ==
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* {{cite book |last1=Raven |first1=Alan |last2=Roberts |first2=John |title=British Battleships of World War Two: The Development and Technical History of the Royal Navy's Battleship and Battlecruisers from 1911 to 1946 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1976 |isbn=0-87021-817-4 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |last=Rohwer |first=Jürgen |title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2005 |edition=3rd rev. |isbn=1-59114-119-2 |author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
* {{cite book |last1=Shores |first1=Christopher |last2=Cull |first2=Brian |last3= Malizia |first3=Nicola |title=Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete |publisher=Grub Street |year=1987|isbn=0-948817-07-0 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book |last=Silverstone |first=Paul H. |title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships |year=1984 |publisher=Hippocrene Books|isbn=0-88254-979-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Tarrant |first=V. E. |title=Jutland: The German Perspective: A New View of the Great Battle, 31 Maajo 1916 |publisher=Brockhampton Press |year=1999 |orig-year=1995|isbn=1-86019-917-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Whitley |first=M. J. |title=Battleships of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1999|author-link=Michael J. Whitley |isbn=1-55750-184-X}}
* {{cite book |first=Gordon|last=Williamson|author-link=Gordon Williamson (writer) |title=Knight's Cross Oak-Leaves Recipients 1941–45 |publisher=Osprey |year=2005 |isbn=1-84176-642-9}}

== Akhris dheeraad ah ==
* {{cite book |last=Preston |first=Antony |title=Battleships of World War I: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Battleships of All Nations 1914–1918 |publisher=Galahad Books |location=New York |year=1972 |isbn=0-88365-300-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Hodgkinson |first=Hugh |title=Before the Tide Turned |publisher=George G. Harrap |location=London |year=1944}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|HMS Barham (ship, 1914)}}
* [http://www.hmsbarham.com www.hmsbarham.com – Site of HMS ''Barham'' Association]
* [http://www.webatomics.com/jason/barhamconspiracy.html Article in ''World War II'' magazine about the sinking of HMS ''Barham'' and its connection to the witchcraft trial of Helen Duncan]
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/battleships/barham/hms_barham.htm Maritimequest HMS ''Barham'' Photo Gallery]
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/5369625/Captain-Terry-Herrick.html Captain Terry Herrick] – ''Daily Telegraph'' obituary
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdrISbwy_zI HMS Barham Explodes &amp; Sinks: World War II (1941)] - archive footage captured by British Pathé News cameraman, John Turner

{{Coord|32|34|N|26|24|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barham (1914)}}</text>
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    <title>HMT Aragon</title>
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|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= SS Aragon 1908.jpg
 |image_caption= ''Aragon'' sanadkii 1908 oo ah markab rakaab oo rayid ah
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
 |country= [[Boqortooyada Midowday ee Britain iyo Ireland|Boqortooyada Midowday]]
 |name=*RMS ''Aragon'' (1905–14)
       *HMT ''Aragon'' (1915–17)
 |namesake= [[Boqortooyada Aragon]] ee Spain
 |owner= [[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company|Royal Mail Steam Packet Co]]
 |operator=*[[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] Royal Mail SP Co (1905–14)
           *{{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} [[Royal Navy]] (1915–17)
 |ordered= 
 |builder= [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], [[Belfast]]
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number= 367
 |laid_down= 
 |launched= 23 Febraayo 1905&lt;ref name=SoE&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/northcoast/AB/aragon.html |title=Aragon |work=North Coast Shipwrecks |publisher=Shipwrecks of Egypt |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |completed= 22 Juun 1905
 |acquired= 
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Luulyo 1905
 |in_service= 
 |out_of_service= 30 Diseembar 1917
 |registry= [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]
 |identification= *UK [[Official number]] 120707
                  *[[Code letters]] HCST
                  *{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|Tango}}
                  *[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]] MBN
 |route=*[[Southampton]] – [[Buenos Aires]]
        *(1905–14)&lt;ref name=Seligmann144&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=144}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |fate= Waxaa quusiyay torbiito 30 Diseembar 1917
 |notes= 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class= RMSP &quot;A&quot; series
 |type= [[Markab rakaab]]
 |tonnage=*{{GRT|9588}};&lt;ref name=Wreck&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?134801 |title=SS Aragon [+1917] |last=Lettens |first=Jan |date=9 November 2009 |work=The Wreck Site |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/rm2.html |title=1914–1926 |work=Royal Mail Steam Packet Company |publisher=Merchant Navy Officers |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
          *{{NetT|6038}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |displacement= 
 |length= {{cvt|513.2|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |beam= {{cvt|60.4|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |draught= 
 |depth= {{cvt|31.0|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |power=762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]
 |propulsion= *[[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Mashiinnada uumiga ee isku-ballaariya]];&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
              *Laba marwaxadood oo [[propeller]] ah&lt;ref name=Seligmann132&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=132}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |speed=*{{convert|15|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama
        *{{convert|16|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |capacity=*Sida markab rakaab:
           *306 fasalka 1aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *66 fasalka 2aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *632 fasalka 3aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |crew= Sida markab ciidan: 200&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |boats= 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]], 1 [[dinghy]], 1 [[Captain's gig|gig]]
 |armament= 2 × qoryaha [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} (laga bilaabo 1913)&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt;
 |notes=*[[sister ship]]s:
        *{{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}}, ''Avon'', [[SS Savoie (1906)|''Araguaya'']], {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}
 }}
}}

'''HMT ''Aragon''''', asal ahaan loo yaqaanay '''RMS ''Aragon''''', wuxuu ahaa {{GRT|9588}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; markab [[Royal Mail Ship]] ah oo u kala goosha Atlantic-ga, kaas oo u adeegay sidii markab ciidan intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka. Waxaa lagu dhisay [[Belfast]], [[Ireland]] sanadkii 1905, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee maraakiibta &quot;A-liners&quot; ee shirkadda [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company]]&lt;ref name=Trains&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.trains-worldexpresses.com/webships/300/306.htm |title=Royal Mail to Plate |work=Ships-Worldwide.com |publisher=Trains-WorldExpresses.com |year=2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo ka shaqayn jiray waddooyinka joogtada ah ee u dhexeeya [[Southampton]] iyo dekedaha Koonfurta Ameerika, oo ay ku jiraan [[Buenos Aires]].&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' wuxuu noqday markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain oo ah [[Defensively equipped merchant ship#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] waqtigii casriga ahaa (&quot;DAMS&quot;). Dagaalkii [[World War I|Koowaad ee Adduunka]] wuxuu u adeegay sidii markab ciidan, isagoo ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]] sanadkii 1915. Sanadkii 1917, markab quusiyaha Jarmalka ayaa ku quusiyay Badda Mediterranean-ka, halkaas oo ay ku dhinteen 610 qof oo saarnaa.

==Dhismaha==
[[Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant|Owen Philipps]] wuxuu noqday guddoomiyaha RMSP sanadkii 1903, wuxuuna si degdeg ah wax uga qabtay baahida shirkadda ee ah inay yeelato maraakiib waaweyn oo ku saabsan waddada Koonfurta Ameerika. RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka dalbatay [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], kuwaas oo ku dhisay slip lambar 7 ee South Yard ee [[Belfast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.theyard.info/ships/ships.asp?entryid=367 |title=Aragon |work=Harland and Wolff |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam|Countess Fitzwilliam]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ayaa daah-furtay markabka 23 Febraayo 1905.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Harland and Wolff waxay dhammeeyeen markabka 22 Juun.&lt;ref name=SAS&gt;{{cite web |url= http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&amp;builder=&amp;ref=202327&amp;vessel=ARAGON |title=Aragon |work=Shipping and Shipbuilding |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Philipps wuxuu kala hadlay [[Charles Algernon Parsons|Charles Parsons]] suurtogalnimada isticmaalka [[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|mashiinka uumiga ee turbine-ka ah]], kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay markabkii ''[[Turbinia]]'' sanadkii 1894. Markabkii ugu horreeyay ee rakaabka ee ku shaqeeya turbine, {{ship|TS|King Edward}}, wuxuu adeegga bilaabay [[Firth of Clyde]] sanadkii 1901, laakiin Philipps wuxuu go'aansaday in loo baahan yahay hal sano oo kale oo qiimeyn ah si loo ogaado in iyo sida loo adeegsan karo qaabkan cusub ee tamarta uumiga ee maraakiibta ganacsiga.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=99}}

Sidaas darteed, ''Aragon'' waxaa lagu dhisay lammaane ka mid ah [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee quadruple-expansion]] ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Awooddooda la isku daray waxaa lagu qiyaasay 762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]. Waxay ku kaxeeyeen laba marwaxadood&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; oo siiyay xawaare dhan {{convert|15|kn|km/h}}.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa hal dhuumo weyn oo dhexe ah.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Wuxuu lahaa 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]] oo ku yaal sagxadda doonyaha, oo lagu daray [[dinghy]] iyo [[Captain's gig|gig]] gadaal.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} Qolka cuntada ee fasalka koowaad wuxuu lahaa saqaf alwaax ah oo lagu sharraxay sawirro [[Christopher Columbus]] ah oo helay Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://monkbarns.wordpress.com/tag/rms-aragon/ |last=Sivell |first=Jay |title=6. Great steamers white and gold |work=A sailor's life |publisher=[[WordPress]] |date=22 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa shan qaybood oo xamuul ah, qaar ka mid ahna waa la qaboojiyay si loo qaado hilibka iyo miraha laga keeno Koonfurta Ameerika. Qaybta 5aad iyo heerar hoose ee qaybaha 1aad iyo 2aad waxay u shaqeeyeen xamuul qaboojiyey. Qalabka qaboojinta ee uumiga ku shaqeeya wuxuu isticmaalay &quot;[[Carbon dioxide|carbonic anhydride]]&quot; sidii qaboojiye, qaybahana waxaa lagu dahaaray &quot;[[Mineral wool|silicate cotton]]&quot;.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}} Bakhaaradeeda waxay qaadeen 2,000 oo tan oo dhuxul ah{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} waxayna lahayd taangiyo biyo ah oo awooddoodu tahay qiyaastii 2,000 oo tan.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}}

RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka diiwaangelisay [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]. Lambarkeedii rasmiga ahaa ee UK wuxuu ahaa 120707, xarfaha koodhkuna waxay ahaayeen HCST.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen |year=1906 |title=Mercantile Navy List |page=23 |url= https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Aragon&amp;year=1906&amp;steamsail=Steam&amp;submit=Enter |publisher=[[Board of Trade]] |via=Crew List Index Project |access-date=19 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Horumarinta A-series==
''Aragon'' waxaa ku xigay taxane maraakiib ah oo u dhigma laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah u weynaa oo u culusaa.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Sanadkii 1906 Harland and Wolff waxay dhisteen maraakiibta mataanaha ah ee {{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}} iyo ''Avon'', halka deked kale oo Belfast ah, [[Workman, Clark and Company]], ay dhisteen ''Araguaya''. Harland and Wolff waxay ku dareen markab shanaad oo mataano ah, {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}, sanadkii 1908. RMSP waxay mid kasta oo ka mid ah taxanahan siisay magac ku bilaabma &quot;A&quot;, taasoo keentay in si caadi ah loogu yeero &quot;A-series&quot;&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ama &quot;A-liners&quot;.

Dhowr sano ka dib, afarta markab ee ugu dambeeyay ee taxanaha A ayaa ka yimid Harland and Wolff: ''Arlanza'' sanadkii 1912, ''Andes'' iyo {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}} sanadkii 1913 iyo ''Almanzora'' sanadkii 1915.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Marka laga reebo inay mar kale weynaadaan, waxay kaga duwanaayeen ''Aragon'' iyo afarteeda gabdhood ee ugu horreeyay iyagoo leh saddex marwaxadood halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen laba, iyo iyagoo isticmaalaya xoogaa turbine ah oo Phillips iyo Parsons ay ka wada hadleen dhowr sano ka hor. Laba marwaxadood oo dibadda ah ayaa lagu kaxeeyay [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee triple-expansion]]. Mashiinka uumiga ee cadaadiska hooseeya ayaa kaxeeyay marwaxadda dhexe ''via'' qalabka dhimista.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}}

==Adeegga rayidka==
Laga bilaabo 1850-yadii, maraakiibta rakaabka ee RMSP waxay u adeegi jireen waddo joogto ah oo u dhexeysa Britain iyo dekedaha [[Río de la Plata|River Plate]] ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Waxay ka dhoofeen [[Southampton]] ee koonfurta England, waxay joogsadeen jasiiradaha [[Madeira]] iyo [[Tenerife]] oo ku yaal xeebta [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]; [[Pernambuco]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador de Bahia]] iyo [[Rio de Janeiro]] oo ku yaal xeebta Brazil; ka dibna [[Montevideo]] oo ku yaal [[Uruguay]] ka hor intaysan dhammaystirin safarkooda [[Buenos Aires]] ee Argentina.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ''Aragon'' iyo gabdhaheeda waxay casriyeeyeen adeeggii RMSP ee Southampton – River Plate,&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; iyagoo beddelay maraakiibta sida RMS ''Atranto'' oo adeegga ku jiray laga bilaabo 1889 wixii ka dambeeyay.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt;

Maraakiibta A-series waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen faa'iidada waddada. Sanadkii 1906 waxay samaysay afar safar oo ay ku tagtay oo ay uga soo laabatay Koonfurta Ameerika waxayna heshay faa'iido dhan £45,368.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=100}} Sanadkii 1908 waxay ku xirtay xeebta [[Isle of Wight]], laakiin marka laga reebo taas adeeggeeda rayidka wuxuu ahaa mid guud ahaan aan wax dhacdo ah lahayn.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=106}}

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' waxaa loo qalabaysay [[wireless telegraphy]], iyadoo ku shaqaynaysa hirarka 300 iyo 600 mitir. [[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]-keedu wuxuu ahaa MBN.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1913|page=245}}

==Markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah==
{{main|Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race}}
Laga bilaabo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya [[Great Powers|Awoodaha Weyn]] ee Yurub waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Anglo-German naval arms race]] oo khatar geliyay amniga maraakiibta ganacsiga. Laga bilaabo 1911, Sirdoonka Britain waxay ogaadeen in [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] ay si qarsoodi ah u hubaynayso qaar ka mid ah maraakiibteeda rakaabka, dawladda UK iyo [[British Admiralty|Admiralty-ga Britain]] waxay ka wada hadleen sida looga jawaabo.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=136}}

Dhamaadkii 1912, Admiralty-gu wuxuu go'aansaday inuu la jaanqaado siyaasadda Jarmalka iyadoo la hubaynayo qaar ka mid ah maraakiibta rakaabka ee Britain, iyadoo laga bilaabayo RMS ''Aragon''.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=139}} Waxaa loo qorsheeyay inay sidato qoryaha badda laga bilaabo Diseembar 1912, laakiin gudaha Dawladda Britain iyo Admiralty-ga waxaa ka jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan sida waddamada shisheeye iyo dekedaha ay uga falcelin doonaan.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Janaayo 1913 Rear Admiral [[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry Campbell]] wuxuu ku taliyay in Admiralty-gu uu markab ganacsi u diro badda isagoo sita qoryo badda ah, laakiin aan lahayn rasaas, si loo tijaabiyo falcelinta dawladaha shisheeye.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Shir uu guddoomiyay [[Francis Hopwood, 1st Baron Southborough|Sir Francis Hopwood]], [[Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty#Organisation|Civil Lord of the Admiralty]] ayaa isku raacay, Sir [[Eyre Crowe]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Haddii aysan waxba dhicin, waxaa laga yaabaa inay suurtagal noqoto oo fudud, muddo ka dib, in la saaro rasaas.&quot;''{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}}

25 Abriil 1913 ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Southampton iyadoo ah markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain ee [[Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] (DAMS), iyadoo sidata laba qori oo [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} ah oo dhabarka kaga yaal.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Dawladaha, wargeysyada iyo dadweynaha waddamada Koonfurta Ameerika ee ''Aragon'' ay booqatay wax yar ayay dareemeen mana muujin wax walaac ah.&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt; Waxaa jiray dhaliil ka timid qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha badda ee firfircoon iyo kuwa hawlgabka ah ee Britain{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=145}} laakiin siyaasadda way sii socotay. ''Aragon''{{'}}s markab mataano ah RMS ''Amazon'' ayaa loo sameeyay DAMS-kii xigay, bilooyinkii xigayna maraakiib kale oo RMSP &quot;A-liners&quot; ayaa la hubeeyay.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Waxaa ka mid ahaa markabkii dhawaan la dhisay ee {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}}, kaas oo Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka u adeegay sidii [[Armed merchantman#Auxiliary cruisers|markab ganacsi oo hubaysan]].

==Gallipoli==
Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka markabka waxaa loo qoondeeyay inuu noqdo [[Troopship|markab ciidan]] wuxuuna noqday HMT ''Aragon''. Wuxuu ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]], kaas oo hal ilo-wareed uu sheegay inuu ku bilaabay inuu qaado Guutada 5aad, [[Hampshire Regiment]] iyo unugyada [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] si ay uga qaybqaataan ololaha Maarso 1915.&lt;ref name=Nicol117&gt;{{harvnb|Nicol|2001|p=117.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maadaama degitaanku aanu dhicin ilaa 25 Abriil, tani waxay u gudbi kartaa ciidamada ka guuraya UK una socda Bariga Mediterranean-ka si ay ugu diyaar garoobaan degitaanka. Waajibaadkeeda waxaa ka mid ahaa in ku dhawaad 1,500 oo qof oo dhaawac ah loo daadgureeyo [[Alexandria Port|Alexandria]] iyo Malta.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

8 Abriil ''Aragon'' waxay joogtay Alexandria halkaas oo ay ka qaadday Guutada 4aad, [[Worcestershire Regiment]] iyo Guutada 2aad, Hampshire Regiment.&lt;ref name=Worcs&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/bat_4_1915.php |last=Scully |first=Louis |title=4th Battalion Worcestershire Regiment – 1915 |work=The Worcestershire Regiment – The History of the Regiment 1694 – 1970 |date=2002–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.warmemorial.org.uk/ww1.php?p=38 |title=White, Frederick |work=Hurst War Memorial |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Labada guuto waxay ahaayeen unugyo ka tirsan [[88th Brigade (United Kingdom)|88th Brigade]], kuwaas oo qayb ka ah [[29th Division (United Kingdom)|29th Division]] lagu amray inay ka qaybqaataan [[Gallipoli Campaign#Landings|Gallipoli Landings]].&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt;

11 Abriil waxay ka dhooftay Alexandria waxayna u socotay jasiiradda Aegean ee [[Lemnos#Modern period|Lemnos]], halkaas oo maraakiibta Faransiiska iyo Britain ay ku urursanayeen dekedda weyn ee dabiiciga ah ee [[Moudros]] si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan degitaanka ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref name=Worcs/&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt; 13 Abriil 1915 ciidamadii ''Aragon'' ayaa u wareegay markabkii xamuulka ee {{SS|River Clyde}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan [[landing at Cape Helles]] 10 maalmood ka dib.

Goor dambe oo ka tirsan [[Gallipoli Campaign]] xafiiska boostada ee [[British Forces Post Office]], Base Army Post Office Y, ayaa ka wareegay {{SS|Arcadian||2}}, oo ahaa markab kale oo ciidan, una wareegay ''Aragon''.&lt;ref name=FPHS&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.forcespostalhistorysociety.org.uk/society/meetings-archive/2012/july-2012.html |title=Report of the Meeting of 20th – 22nd July 2012 York Weekend 60th Anniversary Conference |publisher=Forces Postal History Society |date=July 2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; BAPO Y ayaa markii dambe ka guurtay ''Aragon'' una guurtay saldhig dhulka ah oo ku yaal Moudros.&lt;ref name=FPHS/&gt;

Duulaanku wuxuu ahaa guuldarro qaali ah, bishii Janaayo 1916 ciidamada Faransiiska iyo Britain waxay [[Gallipoli Campaign#Evacuation|ka baxeen gacanka Gallipoli]]. 13 Febraayo ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Moudros waxayna u socotay Malta, iyadoo qaadaysa ciidamo fasax ku jiray oo ay ku jiraan afar sarkaal iyo 270 nin oo ka tirsan [[63rd (Royal Naval) Division]] (RND).&lt;ref name=Clegg1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary001.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=1st Royal Marine Battalion (aka 1st Bn. RMLI) War Diaries: May 1916 to Jan. 1919 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

14 May ''Aragon'' waxay mar kale joogtay Moudros si ay u soo saarto ciidamo; markan oo ay ku jiraan Guutada 1aad ee [[Royal Marines]]&lt;ref name=Clegg2&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary002.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=Royal Naval Division War Diary Jan. to May 1916 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xubno ka tirsan [[2nd (Royal Naval) Brigade]].&lt;ref name=Clegg1/&gt; Waxay gaartay [[Marseille-Fos Port|Marseille]] ee koonfurta France saacadda markay ahayd 0630 19 May.&lt;ref name=Clegg2/&gt;

Goor dambe oo 1916 ''Aragon'' waxay ka adeegtay [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Diseembar 1916 waxay ka dhooftay [[Kilindini Harbour]] oo ku taal British [[East Africa Protectorate]], waxayna gaartay [[Durban]] maalinta Christmas-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://samilitaryhistory.org/diaries/edkins.html |last=Grice |first=Rob |title=East London's Edkins brothers in WWI |publisher=The South African Military History Society |date=September 2009 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Alexandria Roads==
Dhamaadkii 1917 ''Aragon'' waxay laba toddobaad ku qaadatay xiritaan xeebta Marseille ka hor intaysan qaadan amarro Diseembar inay u dhoofaan [[Sultanate of Egypt|Egypt]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Waxay qaadday ku dhawaad 2,200 oo ciidan&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; si ay u xoojiyaan [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] ee [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign#Southern Palestine Offensive|Palestine Campaign]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta]], oo lagu daray qiyaastii 150 sarkaal oo ciidan ah, 160 [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]s iyo qiyaastii 2,500 oo boorso oo Christmas-ka ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Iyada iyo gaadiid kale, ''Nile'', ayaa markaas ku dhoofay [[Convoys in World War I|convoy]] iyadoo ay weheliyaan ilaalada [[destroyer]]s&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ee Egypt. 23 Diseembar&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay gaareen Windy Bay, [[Malta]], halkaas oo labada gaadiid ay ku sugnaayeen xiritaan muddo afar&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama shan&lt;ref name=Jones&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.warpoetry.co.uk/Maureen_Jones.html |last=Jones |first=Maureen |title=Poems of the First World War |publisher=The War Poetry Web Site |date=November 2007 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; maalmood. Halkaas ayay ku xuseen Christmas-ka, marka loo eego mid ka mid ah VAD-yada kuwa saarnaa ''Aragon'' waxay heleen waqti &quot;top hole&quot; ah.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911).jpg|thumb|{{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}}]]
''Aragon'' iyo ''Nile'' ayaa markaas u sii waday Egypt iyagoo wata ilaalo cusub: {{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}} oo lagu daray laba [[Imperial Japanese Navy#World War I|Imperial Japanese Navy]] destroyers.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Convoy-gu wuxuu la kulmay duufaan,&lt;ref name=MacD&gt;{{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xeebta Egypt markay waagu baryay Axaddii 30 Diseembar ayay qaybsantay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Labadii Japanese destroyers waxay u kaxeeyeen ''Nile'' [[Port Said]], halka ''Attack'' ay u kaxeysay ''Aragon'' Alexandria.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markay u dhowaadeen dekedda ''Attack'' waxay u socotay si zigzag ah si ay u raadiso [[Naval mine|miinooyin]] halka ''Aragon'' ay ku sugaysay Alexandria Roads.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Markabka [[Naval trawler#United Kingdom|armed trawler]] {{HMT|Points Castle}} ayaa u soo dhawaaday ''Aragon'' isagoo wata calaamadda calanka caalamiga ah &quot;I raac&quot;. Markabkii ciidanka ayaa sidaas sameeyay, ilaa ''Attack'' ay ka soo laabato oo ay calaamad u dirtay &quot;Ma lihid xaqa aad uga qaadato amarro markab trawler ah&quot;.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt; Destroyer-ku wuxuu dhexgalay ''Points Castle'' ka dibna wuxuu amray ''Aragon'' inay ku laabato badda.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka ayaa adeecay oo u soo jeestay badda.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Sarkaalkii ugu sarreeyay ee ''Aragon'' ee ka badbaaday wixii dhacay ayaa isku dayay inuu dareen u yeesho jahwareerka:
&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Sharaxaadda kaliya ee qoraagu uu soo bandhigi karo waa in taliyaha ''Attack'' uu haystay digniin ku saabsan miinooyinka kanaalka, taas oo ku qasabtay inuu amro ''Aragon'' inay iska indhatirto ''Points Castle'' ''I raac''. Sida muuqata cadowgu waxay dhigeen miinooyin waqtigii habboonaa iyagoo og in markabka dibadda lagu hayn doono sidaas darteedna uu noqon doono bartilmaameedka weerarka torbiitada.&quot;''&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

''Aragon'' iyo ''Attack'' waxay ku sugnaayeen Alexandria Roads&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Uboat.net |id=402.html |name=Aragon |type=1ship |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; qiyaastii {{convert|8|mi|0}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama {{convert|10|mi|0}} banaanka dekedda, iyagoo sugaya ogolaansho inay galaan, markii qiyaastii 1100 saacadood&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; [[German Type UC II submarine]] {{SMU|UC-34}} ay ku weerartay torbiito ''Aragon'',&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ku dhufatay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Port (left)|bidix]] [[aft|gadaal]]&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; waxayna keentay burbur baahsan oo ku yimid qaybteeda 4aad ee xamuulka oo ku dhowaad madhan.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ''Aragon''{{'}}s sarkaal [[Deck department|deck]] ee [[Watchstanding|watch]], Lieut. J.F.A. Thompson, wuxuu sheegay inay markaas u janjeertay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Starboard (right)|midig]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

===Badbaadinta===
{{Rquote|right|Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]].|A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' iyo ''Points Castle'' ayaa u yimid badbaadinta.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Hal xisaab ayaa sheegaysa in laba trawlers ay joogeen.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; VADs waxaa lagu amray inay galaan doonyaha badbaadada ee ugu horreeya ee la bilaabo.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;&lt;ref name=Star&gt;{{cite news |title=Last Song on Doomed Ship |newspaper=[[The Northern Star]] |location=[[Lismore, New South Wales]] |date=8 April 1918 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba ama saddex ka mid ah VADs ayaa ka mudaaharaaday in la siiyo mudnaan mid ka mid ahna waxay ku bariday ''&quot;Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]]&quot;'' ka hor intaysan dhammaantood adeecin amarrada.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Doonyaha VADs waxay badbaadiyeen qaar ka mid ah ciidamadii biyaha ku jiray&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ka dibna u wareejiyeen badbaadayaashooda mid&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; ama laba&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; trawlers. ''Aragon'' waxay sii daysay [[Lifeboat (shipboard)#Liferaft versus lifeboat|doonyaha badbaadada]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; laakiin qaraxu wuxuu burburiyay mid ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; iyo janjeerkeeda sii kordhaya waxay ka hor istaagtay shaqaalaheeda inay bilaabaan qaar ka mid ah inta hartay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' waxay shaqeeyeen ilaa ay dhexda ugu jireen biyaha si ay u bilaabaan doonyaha ay awoodaan.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan maqlay heesta ''[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]'' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg.|Qof badbaaday|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' waxay si sax ah u barbar dhigtay ''Aragon'' si ay u qaaddo badbaadayaasha si dhakhso ah intii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; iyadoo la kaashanayo xarigga u dhexeeya labada markab.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu degay gadaasha. In ka badan hal qof oo badbaaday ayaa sheegay in askartii ku sugayay sagxadda si loo badbaadiyo ay bilaabeen heeso.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; Mid ayaa yiri ''&quot;Waxaan maqlay heesta '[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

Hadda waxaa jiray tirada sii kordhaysa ee ragga biyaha ku jira, iyo [[Trooper (rank)|trooper]] James Werner Magnusson ee [[New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade#World War I formation|New Zealand Mounted Rifles]] wuxuu arkay askari dhaawac ah oo ku dhibtoonaya badda aad u qallafsan.&lt;ref name=Gazette&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30565/pages/2990 |title=Board of Trade, Whitehall Gardens, 7th March, 1918 |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=229 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu ka booday markabka, wuxuu badbaadiyay ninkii wuxuuna geliyay doon.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Magnusson ka dib wuxuu ku soo laabtay markabka, wuxuu dib ugu biiray unuggiisa, wuxuuna la degay markabka.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Waxaa loo abaalmariyay abaalmarinta [[Albert Medal (lifesaving)|Albert Medal]].&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt;

Qabyo [[3rd (Reserve) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)]] loo diray inay xoojiyaan [[10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)|10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs]], ayaa ku guulaystay ammaan sare anshaxooda. Marka hore, Lance-Sergeant Canfor (oo isaga laftiisu dhaawacay qaraxu) ayaa wacay roll-ka, ka dibna ragga waxaa loo qoondeeyay inay gooyaan doonyaha badbaadada inta kale ay heesayeen. Markii doonyaha badbaadada la bilaabay Lance-Corporal Baker ayaa iskiis u soo bandhigay inuu ka boodo biyaha si uu u sugo doon badbaado oo ka fogaanaysa, taasoo xaqiijinaysa badbaadada ku dhawaad 20 nin. Qabyada intiisa kale waxay galeen biyaha waxayna ku dhegeen doonyaha badbaadada muddo laba saacadood iyo bar ah, iyagoo heesaya oo ku dhiirigelinaya dadaallada badbaadinta. Hal nin oo keliya oo ka tirsan qabyada ayaa lumay.&lt;ref&gt;Moody, pp. 64–5.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada.&lt;br&gt;A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay {{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}}}
Qiyaastii 15 daqiiqo&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ka dib markii torbiito ay ku dhufatay ''Aragon'', [[Master mariner|Master]]-keeda, Captain Bateman, wuxuu amar ka bixiyay [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]]-keeda ''&quot;Ninkii ha is badbaadiyo&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Kuwii haray waxay u carareen inay ka baxaan dhinaceeda,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo qaansadeeda ayaa ka kacday badda markii askartu ay u soo degayeen dhinaceeda biyaha.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Mid ka mid ah VADs oo badbaaday ayaa markii dambe diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada&quot;''.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Qiyaastii 17&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ilaa 20 daqiiqo ka dib markii lagu dhuftay ''Aragon'' way degtay, waxayna la kulantay qarax labaad markii biyaha badda ee qabow ay gaareen kariyayaasheeda kulul.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada ayaa lagu reebay biyaha.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

[[File:VCErnestGeorgeHorlock(orHarlock).jpg|thumb|[[Cigarette card]] sawirka [[Company Sergeant Major|BSM]] [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]], oo ka mid ahaa boqollaal askar oo la dilay markii ''Aragon'' la quusiyay]]
''Attack'' hadda waxay ahayd dad aad u badan oo leh 300 ilaa 400 oo badbaadayaal ah:&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; qaar qaawan, qaar dhaawac ah, qaar badan oo miyir la'aan ah oo dhimanaya.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Hal askari, Sergeant Harold Riddlesworth oo ka tirsan [[Cheshire Regiment]], ayaa marar badan ka booday destroyer-ka una booday badda si uu u badbaadiyo badbaadayaal kale.&lt;ref name=Express&gt;{{cite news |title=Amazing tale of 'luckiest soldier' |newspaper=Macclesfield Express |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/macclesfieldexpress/news/s/1438702_amazing-tale-of-luckiest-soldier |date=20 July 2011 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuu badbaaday waxaana lagu sharraxay [[Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)|Meritorious Service Medal]].&lt;ref name=Express/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30652/supplements/5037 |title=His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the Meritorious Service Medal to the undermentioned. |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=5037 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911) sinking.jpg|thumb|upright|HMS ''Attack'' oo degaysa]]
Markaas torbiito ayaa ku dhufatay ''Attack'' dhexda waxayna u qarxisay laba qaybood,&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; labaduba waxay degtay shan ilaa toddobo daqiiqo.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaraxu wuxuu dillaaciyay bakhaarada ''Attack'', wuxuuna ku daadiyay boqollaal tan oo [[Fuel oil#Bunker fuel|bunker fuel]] saliid madow oo qaro weyn badda markay degtay.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal rag ah ayaa biyaha ku jiray, qaar badan oo ka mid ahna waxay noqdeen kuwo saliidda lagu daboolay ama uu qiiqeeda ka adkaaday.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

Doonyaha badbaadada ee ''Aragon'' ee badbaaday ayaa hadda boqollaal badbaadayaal ah u qaaday trawlers, halkaas oo VADs ''&quot;ay u shaqeeyeen si aan kala joogsi lahayn oo geesinimo weyn leh&quot;'' si ay u daryeelaan dadka badan ee dhaawacmay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Trawlers kale ayaa u soo baxay si ay u caawiyaan,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo trawler-kii ugu horreeyay ama trawlers-ka&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay ku soo laabteen dekedda si ay u badbaadaan.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

===Dhimashada iyo badbaadayaasha===
Kuwii saarnaa ''Aragon'', 610 ayaa la dilay&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; oo ay ku jiraan Captain Bateman, 19 ka mid ah shaqaalihiisa,&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; iyo lix ka mid ah VADs.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal askar ayaa la dilay. Mid ka mid ah wuxuu ahaa [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]], a [[Royal Field Artillery]] [[Company Sergeant Major|Battery Sergeant Major]] oo helay [[Victoria Cross|VC]] &quot;geesinimo muuqata&quot; oo lagu muujiyay [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] sanadkii 1914.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; [[Private (rank)|Private]] [[Fred J. Barnes]], askari ka tirsan [[Essex Regiment]] oo ka shaqayn jiray qoraaga heesaha ka hor dagaalka, ayaa sidoo kale dhintay.&lt;ref name=&quot;CWGC&quot;&gt;{{CWGC|id=475872|name=F J Barnes|access-date=16 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airman 2nd Class Alfred Moore oo dhintay isagoo jira 22 sano oo ka yimid Lower Edmonton, London. 25 kale oo ka mid ah kuwii la dilay waxay ahaayeen askar cusub oo ka tirsan Guutada 5aad ee [[Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment#The Bedfordshire Regiment (1881 to 1919)|Bedfordshire Regiment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/5thbn/ssaragon.html |last=Fuller |first=Steven |title=The sinking of the S.S. Aragon, 30th December 1917 |work=The Bedfordshire Regiment in the Great War |date= 2003–2013 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Askar ku dhintay degitaanka ayaa ka mid ah kuwa lagu xusuusto Chatby Memorial ee degmada [[Shatby]] ee bari Alexandria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/142020/CHATBY%20MEMORIAL |title=Chatby Memorial |work=Cemetery details |publisher=[[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon''{{'}}s [[Second mate|sarkaalkii labaad]] wuxuu ka mid ahaa badbaadayaasha.&lt;ref name=Indarra&gt;{{harvnb|Thompson|1918|pp=20–21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bil ka dib wuxuu u sheegay Master-ka markab ciidan oo Australian ah, markabkii la beddelay [[Australian United Steam Navigation Company|AUSNC]] [[SS Indarra|HMAT ''Indarra'']], in markii ''Aragon'' ay degtay Captain Bateman uu ka qayliyay buundooyinkiisa ilaa taliyaha ''Attack'' inuu dalban doono baaritaan ku saabsan markabkiisa oo lagu amray inuu ka baxo dekedda.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt; Bateman ka dib wuxuu ka booday badda mana la arkin mar dambe.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah badbaadayaashii shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' ayaa dib loogu celiyay England, iyagoo gaaray Southampton 10 Febraayo 1918.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Qaar waxay u safreen dhammaan habka markab uumi ah, laakiin inta badan waxay u safreen dhulka.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

==Wreck==
{{location map |Egypt |width= |lat= 31.3 |long= 29.8 |caption=Meesha qiyaas ahaan ee burburka ''Aragon'' |relief= yes}}
''Aragon'' wuxuu weli yahay burbur ka baxsan xeebta Egypt, isagoo ku yaal qiyaastii {{convert|40|m}} oo biyo ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Ilaha iyo akhris dheeraad ah==
*{{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Lyn |author-link=Lyn MacDonald |orig-year=1980 |year=1984 |edition=2nd |title=The Roses of No Man's Land |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Papermac]] |isbn=014017866X}}
*{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1913 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The St Katherine Press}}
* Col R.S.H. Moody, ''Historical Records of The Buffs, East Kent Regiment, 1914–1919'', London: Medici Society, 1922/Uckfield, Naval &amp; Military Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-84342395-9.
*{{cite book |last=Nicol |first=Stuart |year=2001 |title=MacQueen's Legacy; Ships of the Royal Mail Line |volume=Two |place=Brimscombe Port and Charleston, SC |publisher=[[The History Press|Tempus Publishing]] |isbn=0-7524-2119-0 |pages=101–105, 117–118}}
*{{cite book |last=Seligmann |first=Matthew S |year=2012 |title=The Royal Navy and the German Threat 1901 – 1914: Admiralty Plans to Protect British Trade in a War Against Germany |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-957403-2 |page=132}}
*{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=JEM |date=13 October 1917 – 29 October 1918 |title=Diary |work=Manuscripts, oral history &amp; pictures |publisher=[[State Library of New South Wales]] |id=MLMSS 2889/Item 1 }}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category|Aragon (ship, 1905)}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlH9DCNcwpw&amp;ab_channel=OceanicSteamNavigationCompany RMS ''Aragon'' Fiidiyow gaaban oo leh sawirro badan oo gudaha markabka ah]
* {{cite web |url= http://www.jrawl.co.uk/pugh.htm |last=Rawlins |first=John |title=John Pugh |work=Machen First World War Memorial Site}} – xusuus u ah [[Royal Engineers]] [[sapper]], oo lagu sharraxay sawirrada [[Imperial War Museum]] ee ''Aragon'' adeegga iyo degitaanka
* {{cite web |url= http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/cats/hamilton/h0-0704.htm |title=HAMILTON: 7/4/1-42 Instructions, reports, orders of battle, staff diary and related papers of General Headquarters, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 1915 |work=Catalogues |publisher=[[King's College London]] }} – buugga dukumentiyada milatariga oo taariikhaysan 9 Luulyo 1915 ilaa 8 May 1916 oo ku saabsan ''Aragon''{{'}}s qayb ka mid ah [[Gallipoli Campaign]].

{{coord|31|18|N|29|48|E|display=title}}
{{December 1917 shipwrecks}}

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      <text bytes="35784" sha1="3icctqcki9bgblh0t7o0ypzt2i0rp4c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= SS Aragon 1908.jpg
 |image_caption= ''Aragon'' sanadkii 1908 oo ah markab rakaab oo rayid ah
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
 |country= [[Boqortooyada Midowday ee Britain iyo Ireland|Boqortooyada Midowday]]
 |name=*RMS ''Aragon'' (1905–14)
       *HMT ''Aragon'' (1915–17)
 |namesake= [[Boqortooyada Aragon]] ee Spain
 |owner= [[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company|Royal Mail Steam Packet Co]]
 |operator=*[[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] Royal Mail SP Co (1905–14)
           *{{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} [[Royal Navy]] (1915–17)
 |ordered= 
 |builder= [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], [[Belfast]]
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number= 367
 |laid_down= 
 |launched= 23 Febraayo 1905&lt;ref name=SoE&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/northcoast/AB/aragon.html |title=Aragon |work=North Coast Shipwrecks |publisher=Shipwrecks of Egypt |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |completed= 22 Juun 1905
 |acquired= 
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Luulyo 1905
 |in_service= 
 |out_of_service= 30 Diseembar 1917
 |registry= [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]
 |identification= *UK [[Official number]] 120707
                  *[[Code letters]] HCST
                  *{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|Tango}}
                  *[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]] MBN
 |route=*[[Southampton]] – [[Buenos Aires]]
        *(1905–14)&lt;ref name=Seligmann144&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=144}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |fate= Waxaa quusiyay torbiito 30 Diseembar 1917
 |notes= 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class= RMSP &quot;A&quot; series
 |type= [[Markab rakaab]]
 |tonnage=*{{GRT|9588}};&lt;ref name=Wreck&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?134801 |title=SS Aragon [+1917] |last=Lettens |first=Jan |date=9 November 2009 |work=The Wreck Site |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/rm2.html |title=1914–1926 |work=Royal Mail Steam Packet Company |publisher=Merchant Navy Officers |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
          *{{NetT|6038}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |displacement= 
 |length= {{cvt|513.2|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |beam= {{cvt|60.4|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |draught= 
 |depth= {{cvt|31.0|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |power=762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]
 |propulsion= *[[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Mashiinnada uumiga ee isku-ballaariya]];&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
              *Laba marwaxadood oo [[propeller]] ah&lt;ref name=Seligmann132&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=132}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |speed=*{{convert|15|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama
        *{{convert|16|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |capacity=*Sida markab rakaab:
           *306 fasalka 1aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *66 fasalka 2aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *632 fasalka 3aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |crew= Sida markab ciidan: 200&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |boats= 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]], 1 [[dinghy]], 1 [[Captain's gig|gig]]
 |armament= 2 × qoryaha [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} (laga bilaabo 1913)&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt;
 |notes=*[[sister ship]]s:
        *{{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}}, ''Avon'', [[SS Savoie (1906)|''Araguaya'']], {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}
 }}
}}

'''HMT ''Aragon''''', asal ahaan loo yaqaanay '''RMS ''Aragon''''', wuxuu ahaa {{GRT|9588}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; markab [[Royal Mail Ship]] ah oo u kala goosha Atlantic-ga, kaas oo u adeegay sidii markab ciidan intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka. Waxaa lagu dhisay [[Belfast]], [[Ireland]] sanadkii 1905, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee maraakiibta &quot;A-liners&quot; ee shirkadda [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company]]&lt;ref name=Trains&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.trains-worldexpresses.com/webships/300/306.htm |title=Royal Mail to Plate |work=Ships-Worldwide.com |publisher=Trains-WorldExpresses.com |year=2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo ka shaqayn jiray waddooyinka joogtada ah ee u dhexeeya [[Southampton]] iyo dekedaha Koonfurta Ameerika, oo ay ku jiraan [[Buenos Aires]].&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' wuxuu noqday markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain oo ah [[Defensively equipped merchant ship#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] waqtigii casriga ahaa (&quot;DAMS&quot;). Dagaalkii [[World War I|Koowaad ee Adduunka]] wuxuu u adeegay sidii markab ciidan, isagoo ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]] sanadkii 1915. Sanadkii 1917, markab quusiyaha Jarmalka ayaa ku quusiyay Badda Mediterranean-ka, halkaas oo ay ku dhinteen 610 qof oo saarnaa.

==Dhismaha==
[[Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant|Owen Philipps]] wuxuu noqday guddoomiyaha RMSP sanadkii 1903, wuxuuna si degdeg ah wax uga qabtay baahida shirkadda ee ah inay yeelato maraakiib waaweyn oo ku saabsan waddada Koonfurta Ameerika. RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka dalbatay [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], kuwaas oo ku dhisay slip lambar 7 ee South Yard ee [[Belfast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.theyard.info/ships/ships.asp?entryid=367 |title=Aragon |work=Harland and Wolff |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam|Countess Fitzwilliam]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ayaa daah-furtay markabka 23 Febraayo 1905.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Harland and Wolff waxay dhammeeyeen markabka 22 Juun.&lt;ref name=SAS&gt;{{cite web |url= http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&amp;builder=&amp;ref=202327&amp;vessel=ARAGON |title=Aragon |work=Shipping and Shipbuilding |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Philipps wuxuu kala hadlay [[Charles Algernon Parsons|Charles Parsons]] suurtogalnimada isticmaalka [[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|mashiinka uumiga ee turbine-ka ah]], kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay markabkii ''[[Turbinia]]'' sanadkii 1894. Markabkii ugu horreeyay ee rakaabka ee ku shaqeeya turbine, {{ship|TS|King Edward}}, wuxuu adeegga bilaabay [[Firth of Clyde]] sanadkii 1901, laakiin Philipps wuxuu go'aansaday in loo baahan yahay hal sano oo kale oo qiimeyn ah si loo ogaado in iyo sida loo adeegsan karo qaabkan cusub ee tamarta uumiga ee maraakiibta ganacsiga.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=99}}

Sidaas darteed, ''Aragon'' waxaa lagu dhisay lammaane ka mid ah [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee quadruple-expansion]] ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Awooddooda la isku daray waxaa lagu qiyaasay 762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]. Waxay ku kaxeeyeen laba marwaxadood&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; oo siiyay xawaare dhan {{convert|15|kn|km/h}}.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa hal dhuumo weyn oo dhexe ah.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Wuxuu lahaa 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]] oo ku yaal sagxadda doonyaha, oo lagu daray [[dinghy]] iyo [[Captain's gig|gig]] gadaal.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} Qolka cuntada ee fasalka koowaad wuxuu lahaa saqaf alwaax ah oo lagu sharraxay sawirro [[Christopher Columbus]] ah oo helay Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://monkbarns.wordpress.com/tag/rms-aragon/ |last=Sivell |first=Jay |title=6. Great steamers white and gold |work=A sailor's life |publisher=[[WordPress]] |date=22 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa shan qaybood oo xamuul ah, qaar ka mid ahna waa la qaboojiyay si loo qaado hilibka iyo miraha laga keeno Koonfurta Ameerika. Qaybta 5aad iyo heerar hoose ee qaybaha 1aad iyo 2aad waxay u shaqeeyeen xamuul qaboojiyey. Qalabka qaboojinta ee uumiga ku shaqeeya wuxuu isticmaalay &quot;[[Carbon dioxide|carbonic anhydride]]&quot; sidii qaboojiye, qaybahana waxaa lagu dahaaray &quot;[[Mineral wool|silicate cotton]]&quot;.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}} Bakhaaradeeda waxay qaadeen 2,000 oo tan oo dhuxul ah{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} waxayna lahayd taangiyo biyo ah oo awooddoodu tahay qiyaastii 2,000 oo tan.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}}

RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka diiwaangelisay [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]. Lambarkeedii rasmiga ahaa ee UK wuxuu ahaa 120707, xarfaha koodhkuna waxay ahaayeen HCST.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen |year=1906 |title=Mercantile Navy List |page=23 |url= https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Aragon&amp;year=1906&amp;steamsail=Steam&amp;submit=Enter |publisher=[[Board of Trade]] |via=Crew List Index Project |access-date=19 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Horumarinta A-series==
''Aragon'' waxaa ku xigay taxane maraakiib ah oo u dhigma laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah u weynaa oo u culusaa.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Sanadkii 1906 Harland and Wolff waxay dhisteen maraakiibta mataanaha ah ee {{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}} iyo ''Avon'', halka deked kale oo Belfast ah, [[Workman, Clark and Company]], ay dhisteen ''Araguaya''. Harland and Wolff waxay ku dareen markab shanaad oo mataano ah, {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}, sanadkii 1908. RMSP waxay mid kasta oo ka mid ah taxanahan siisay magac ku bilaabma &quot;A&quot;, taasoo keentay in si caadi ah loogu yeero &quot;A-series&quot;&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ama &quot;A-liners&quot;.

Dhowr sano ka dib, afarta markab ee ugu dambeeyay ee taxanaha A ayaa ka yimid Harland and Wolff: ''Arlanza'' sanadkii 1912, ''Andes'' iyo {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}} sanadkii 1913 iyo ''Almanzora'' sanadkii 1915.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Marka laga reebo inay mar kale weynaadaan, waxay kaga duwanaayeen ''Aragon'' iyo afarteeda gabdhood ee ugu horreeyay iyagoo leh saddex marwaxadood halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen laba, iyo iyagoo isticmaalaya xoogaa turbine ah oo Phillips iyo Parsons ay ka wada hadleen dhowr sano ka hor. Laba marwaxadood oo dibadda ah ayaa lagu kaxeeyay [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee triple-expansion]]. Mashiinka uumiga ee cadaadiska hooseeya ayaa kaxeeyay marwaxadda dhexe ''via'' qalabka dhimista.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}}

==Adeegga rayidka==
Laga bilaabo 1850-yadii, maraakiibta rakaabka ee RMSP waxay u adeegi jireen waddo joogto ah oo u dhexeysa Britain iyo dekedaha [[Río de la Plata|River Plate]] ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Waxay ka dhoofeen [[Southampton]] ee koonfurta England, waxay joogsadeen jasiiradaha [[Madeira]] iyo [[Tenerife]] oo ku yaal xeebta [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]; [[Pernambuco]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador de Bahia]] iyo [[Rio de Janeiro]] oo ku yaal xeebta Brazil; ka dibna [[Montevideo]] oo ku yaal [[Uruguay]] ka hor intaysan dhammaystirin safarkooda [[Buenos Aires]] ee Argentina.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ''Aragon'' iyo gabdhaheeda waxay casriyeeyeen adeeggii RMSP ee Southampton – River Plate,&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; iyagoo beddelay maraakiibta sida RMS ''Atranto'' oo adeegga ku jiray laga bilaabo 1889 wixii ka dambeeyay.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt;

Maraakiibta A-series waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen faa'iidada waddada. Sanadkii 1906 waxay samaysay afar safar oo ay ku tagtay oo ay uga soo laabatay Koonfurta Ameerika waxayna heshay faa'iido dhan £45,368.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=100}} Sanadkii 1908 waxay ku xirtay xeebta [[Isle of Wight]], laakiin marka laga reebo taas adeeggeeda rayidka wuxuu ahaa mid guud ahaan aan wax dhacdo ah lahayn.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=106}}

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' waxaa loo qalabaysay [[wireless telegraphy]], iyadoo ku shaqaynaysa hirarka 300 iyo 600 mitir. [[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]-keedu wuxuu ahaa MBN.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1913|page=245}}

==Markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah==
{{main|Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race}}
Laga bilaabo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya [[Great Powers|Awoodaha Weyn]] ee Yurub waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Anglo-German naval arms race]] oo khatar geliyay amniga maraakiibta ganacsiga. Laga bilaabo 1911, Sirdoonka Britain waxay ogaadeen in [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] ay si qarsoodi ah u hubaynayso qaar ka mid ah maraakiibteeda rakaabka, dawladda UK iyo [[British Admiralty|Admiralty-ga Britain]] waxay ka wada hadleen sida looga jawaabo.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=136}}

Dhamaadkii 1912, Admiralty-gu wuxuu go'aansaday inuu la jaanqaado siyaasadda Jarmalka iyadoo la hubaynayo qaar ka mid ah maraakiibta rakaabka ee Britain, iyadoo laga bilaabayo RMS ''Aragon''.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=139}} Waxaa loo qorsheeyay inay sidato qoryaha badda laga bilaabo Diseembar 1912, laakiin gudaha Dawladda Britain iyo Admiralty-ga waxaa ka jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan sida waddamada shisheeye iyo dekedaha ay uga falcelin doonaan.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Janaayo 1913 Rear Admiral [[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry Campbell]] wuxuu ku taliyay in Admiralty-gu uu markab ganacsi u diro badda isagoo sita qoryo badda ah, laakiin aan lahayn rasaas, si loo tijaabiyo falcelinta dawladaha shisheeye.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Shir uu guddoomiyay [[Francis Hopwood, 1st Baron Southborough|Sir Francis Hopwood]], [[Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty#Organisation|Civil Lord of the Admiralty]] ayaa isku raacay, Sir [[Eyre Crowe]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Haddii aysan waxba dhicin, waxaa laga yaabaa inay suurtagal noqoto oo fudud, muddo ka dib, in la saaro rasaas.&quot;''{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}}

25 Abriil 1913 ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Southampton iyadoo ah markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain ee [[Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] (DAMS), iyadoo sidata laba qori oo [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} ah oo dhabarka kaga yaal.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Dawladaha, wargeysyada iyo dadweynaha waddamada Koonfurta Ameerika ee ''Aragon'' ay booqatay wax yar ayay dareemeen mana muujin wax walaac ah.&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt; Waxaa jiray dhaliil ka timid qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha badda ee firfircoon iyo kuwa hawlgabka ah ee Britain{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=145}} laakiin siyaasadda way sii socotay. ''Aragon''{{'}}s markab mataano ah RMS ''Amazon'' ayaa loo sameeyay DAMS-kii xigay, bilooyinkii xigayna maraakiib kale oo RMSP &quot;A-liners&quot; ayaa la hubeeyay.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Waxaa ka mid ahaa markabkii dhawaan la dhisay ee {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}}, kaas oo Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka u adeegay sidii [[Armed merchantman#Auxiliary cruisers|markab ganacsi oo hubaysan]].

==Gallipoli==
Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka markabka waxaa loo qoondeeyay inuu noqdo [[Troopship|markab ciidan]] wuxuuna noqday HMT ''Aragon''. Wuxuu ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]], kaas oo hal ilo-wareed uu sheegay inuu ku bilaabay inuu qaado Guutada 5aad, [[Hampshire Regiment]] iyo unugyada [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] si ay uga qaybqaataan ololaha Maarso 1915.&lt;ref name=Nicol117&gt;{{harvnb|Nicol|2001|p=117.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maadaama degitaanku aanu dhicin ilaa 25 Abriil, tani waxay u gudbi kartaa ciidamada ka guuraya UK una socda Bariga Mediterranean-ka si ay ugu diyaar garoobaan degitaanka. Waajibaadkeeda waxaa ka mid ahaa in ku dhawaad 1,500 oo qof oo dhaawac ah loo daadgureeyo [[Alexandria Port|Alexandria]] iyo Malta.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

8 Abriil ''Aragon'' waxay joogtay Alexandria halkaas oo ay ka qaadday Guutada 4aad, [[Worcestershire Regiment]] iyo Guutada 2aad, Hampshire Regiment.&lt;ref name=Worcs&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/bat_4_1915.php |last=Scully |first=Louis |title=4th Battalion Worcestershire Regiment – 1915 |work=The Worcestershire Regiment – The History of the Regiment 1694 – 1970 |date=2002–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.warmemorial.org.uk/ww1.php?p=38 |title=White, Frederick |work=Hurst War Memorial |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Labada guuto waxay ahaayeen unugyo ka tirsan [[88th Brigade (United Kingdom)|88th Brigade]], kuwaas oo qayb ka ah [[29th Division (United Kingdom)|29th Division]] lagu amray inay ka qaybqaataan [[Gallipoli Campaign#Landings|Gallipoli Landings]].&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt;

11 Abriil waxay ka dhooftay Alexandria waxayna u socotay jasiiradda Aegean ee [[Lemnos#Modern period|Lemnos]], halkaas oo maraakiibta Faransiiska iyo Britain ay ku urursanayeen dekedda weyn ee dabiiciga ah ee [[Moudros]] si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan degitaanka ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref name=Worcs/&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt; 13 Abriil 1915 ciidamadii ''Aragon'' ayaa u wareegay markabkii xamuulka ee {{SS|River Clyde}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan [[landing at Cape Helles]] 10 maalmood ka dib.

Goor dambe oo ka tirsan [[Gallipoli Campaign]] xafiiska boostada ee [[British Forces Post Office]], Base Army Post Office Y, ayaa ka wareegay {{SS|Arcadian||2}}, oo ahaa markab kale oo ciidan, una wareegay ''Aragon''.&lt;ref name=FPHS&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.forcespostalhistorysociety.org.uk/society/meetings-archive/2012/july-2012.html |title=Report of the Meeting of 20th – 22nd July 2012 York Weekend 60th Anniversary Conference |publisher=Forces Postal History Society |date=July 2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; BAPO Y ayaa markii dambe ka guurtay ''Aragon'' una guurtay saldhig dhulka ah oo ku yaal Moudros.&lt;ref name=FPHS/&gt;

Duulaanku wuxuu ahaa guuldarro qaali ah, bishii Janaayo 1916 ciidamada Faransiiska iyo Britain waxay [[Gallipoli Campaign#Evacuation|ka baxeen gacanka Gallipoli]]. 13 Febraayo ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Moudros waxayna u socotay Malta, iyadoo qaadaysa ciidamo fasax ku jiray oo ay ku jiraan afar sarkaal iyo 270 nin oo ka tirsan [[63rd (Royal Naval) Division]] (RND).&lt;ref name=Clegg1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary001.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=1st Royal Marine Battalion (aka 1st Bn. RMLI) War Diaries: May 1916 to Jan. 1919 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

14 May ''Aragon'' waxay mar kale joogtay Moudros si ay u soo saarto ciidamo; markan oo ay ku jiraan Guutada 1aad ee [[Royal Marines]]&lt;ref name=Clegg2&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary002.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=Royal Naval Division War Diary Jan. to May 1916 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xubno ka tirsan [[2nd (Royal Naval) Brigade]].&lt;ref name=Clegg1/&gt; Waxay gaartay [[Marseille-Fos Port|Marseille]] ee koonfurta France saacadda markay ahayd 0630 19 May.&lt;ref name=Clegg2/&gt;

Goor dambe oo 1916 ''Aragon'' waxay ka adeegtay [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Diseembar 1916 waxay ka dhooftay [[Kilindini Harbour]] oo ku taal British [[East Africa Protectorate]], waxayna gaartay [[Durban]] maalinta Christmas-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://samilitaryhistory.org/diaries/edkins.html |last=Grice |first=Rob |title=East London's Edkins brothers in WWI |publisher=The South African Military History Society |date=September 2009 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Alexandria Roads==
Dhamaadkii 1917 ''Aragon'' waxay laba toddobaad ku qaadatay xiritaan xeebta Marseille ka hor intaysan qaadan amarro Diseembar inay u dhoofaan [[Sultanate of Egypt|Egypt]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Waxay qaadday ku dhawaad 2,200 oo ciidan&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; si ay u xoojiyaan [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] ee [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign#Southern Palestine Offensive|Palestine Campaign]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta]], oo lagu daray qiyaastii 150 sarkaal oo ciidan ah, 160 [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]s iyo qiyaastii 2,500 oo boorso oo Christmas-ka ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Iyada iyo gaadiid kale, ''Nile'', ayaa markaas ku dhoofay [[Convoys in World War I|convoy]] iyadoo ay weheliyaan ilaalada [[destroyer]]s&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ee Egypt. 23 Diseembar&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay gaareen Windy Bay, [[Malta]], halkaas oo labada gaadiid ay ku sugnaayeen xiritaan muddo afar&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama shan&lt;ref name=Jones&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.warpoetry.co.uk/Maureen_Jones.html |last=Jones |first=Maureen |title=Poems of the First World War |publisher=The War Poetry Web Site |date=November 2007 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; maalmood. Halkaas ayay ku xuseen Christmas-ka, marka loo eego mid ka mid ah VAD-yada kuwa saarnaa ''Aragon'' waxay heleen waqti &quot;top hole&quot; ah.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911).jpg|thumb|{{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}}]]
''Aragon'' iyo ''Nile'' ayaa markaas u sii waday Egypt iyagoo wata ilaalo cusub: {{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}} oo lagu daray laba [[Imperial Japanese Navy#World War I|Imperial Japanese Navy]] destroyers.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Convoy-gu wuxuu la kulmay duufaan,&lt;ref name=MacD&gt;{{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xeebta Egypt markay waagu baryay Axaddii 30 Diseembar ayay qaybsantay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Labadii Japanese destroyers waxay u kaxeeyeen ''Nile'' [[Port Said]], halka ''Attack'' ay u kaxeysay ''Aragon'' Alexandria.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markay u dhowaadeen dekedda ''Attack'' waxay u socotay si zigzag ah si ay u raadiso [[Naval mine|miinooyin]] halka ''Aragon'' ay ku sugaysay Alexandria Roads.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Markabka [[Naval trawler#United Kingdom|armed trawler]] {{HMT|Points Castle}} ayaa u soo dhawaaday ''Aragon'' isagoo wata calaamadda calanka caalamiga ah &quot;I raac&quot;. Markabkii ciidanka ayaa sidaas sameeyay, ilaa ''Attack'' ay ka soo laabato oo ay calaamad u dirtay &quot;Ma lihid xaqa aad uga qaadato amarro markab trawler ah&quot;.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt; Destroyer-ku wuxuu dhexgalay ''Points Castle'' ka dibna wuxuu amray ''Aragon'' inay ku laabato badda.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka ayaa adeecay oo u soo jeestay badda.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Sarkaalkii ugu sarreeyay ee ''Aragon'' ee ka badbaaday wixii dhacay ayaa isku dayay inuu dareen u yeesho jahwareerka:
&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Sharaxaadda kaliya ee qoraagu uu soo bandhigi karo waa in taliyaha ''Attack'' uu haystay digniin ku saabsan miinooyinka kanaalka, taas oo ku qasabtay inuu amro ''Aragon'' inay iska indhatirto ''Points Castle'' ''I raac''. Sida muuqata cadowgu waxay dhigeen miinooyin waqtigii habboonaa iyagoo og in markabka dibadda lagu hayn doono sidaas darteedna uu noqon doono bartilmaameedka weerarka torbiitada.&quot;''&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

''Aragon'' iyo ''Attack'' waxay ku sugnaayeen Alexandria Roads&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Uboat.net |id=402.html |name=Aragon |type=1ship |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; qiyaastii {{convert|8|mi|0}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama {{convert|10|mi|0}} banaanka dekedda, iyagoo sugaya ogolaansho inay galaan, markii qiyaastii 1100 saacadood&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; [[German Type UC II submarine]] {{SMU|UC-34}} ay ku weerartay torbiito ''Aragon'',&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ku dhufatay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Port (left)|bidix]] [[aft|gadaal]]&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; waxayna keentay burbur baahsan oo ku yimid qaybteeda 4aad ee xamuulka oo ku dhowaad madhan.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ''Aragon''{{'}}s sarkaal [[Deck department|deck]] ee [[Watchstanding|watch]], Lieut. J.F.A. Thompson, wuxuu sheegay inay markaas u janjeertay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Starboard (right)|midig]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

===Badbaadinta===
{{Rquote|right|Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]].|A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' iyo ''Points Castle'' ayaa u yimid badbaadinta.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Hal xisaab ayaa sheegaysa in laba trawlers ay joogeen.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; VADs waxaa lagu amray inay galaan doonyaha badbaadada ee ugu horreeya ee la bilaabo.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;&lt;ref name=Star&gt;{{cite news |title=Last Song on Doomed Ship |newspaper=[[The Northern Star]] |location=[[Lismore, New South Wales]] |date=8 April 1918 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba ama saddex ka mid ah VADs ayaa ka mudaaharaaday in la siiyo mudnaan mid ka mid ahna waxay ku bariday ''&quot;Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]]&quot;'' ka hor intaysan dhammaantood adeecin amarrada.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Doonyaha VADs waxay badbaadiyeen qaar ka mid ah ciidamadii biyaha ku jiray&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ka dibna u wareejiyeen badbaadayaashooda mid&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; ama laba&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; trawlers. ''Aragon'' waxay sii daysay [[Lifeboat (shipboard)#Liferaft versus lifeboat|doonyaha badbaadada]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; laakiin qaraxu wuxuu burburiyay mid ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; iyo janjeerkeeda sii kordhaya waxay ka hor istaagtay shaqaalaheeda inay bilaabaan qaar ka mid ah inta hartay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' waxay shaqeeyeen ilaa ay dhexda ugu jireen biyaha si ay u bilaabaan doonyaha ay awoodaan.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan maqlay heesta ''[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]'' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg.|Qof badbaaday|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' waxay si sax ah u barbar dhigtay ''Aragon'' si ay u qaaddo badbaadayaasha si dhakhso ah intii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; iyadoo la kaashanayo xarigga u dhexeeya labada markab.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu degay gadaasha. In ka badan hal qof oo badbaaday ayaa sheegay in askartii ku sugayay sagxadda si loo badbaadiyo ay bilaabeen heeso.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; Mid ayaa yiri ''&quot;Waxaan maqlay heesta '[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

Hadda waxaa jiray tirada sii kordhaysa ee ragga biyaha ku jira, iyo [[Trooper (rank)|trooper]] James Werner Magnusson ee [[New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade#World War I formation|New Zealand Mounted Rifles]] wuxuu arkay askari dhaawac ah oo ku dhibtoonaya badda aad u qallafsan.&lt;ref name=Gazette&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30565/pages/2990 |title=Board of Trade, Whitehall Gardens, 7th March, 1918 |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=229 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu ka booday markabka, wuxuu badbaadiyay ninkii wuxuuna geliyay doon.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Magnusson ka dib wuxuu ku soo laabtay markabka, wuxuu dib ugu biiray unuggiisa, wuxuuna la degay markabka.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Waxaa loo abaalmariyay abaalmarinta [[Albert Medal (lifesaving)|Albert Medal]].&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt;

Qabyo [[3rd (Reserve) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)]] loo diray inay xoojiyaan [[10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)|10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs]], ayaa ku guulaystay ammaan sare anshaxooda. Marka hore, Lance-Sergeant Canfor (oo isaga laftiisu dhaawacay qaraxu) ayaa wacay roll-ka, ka dibna ragga waxaa loo qoondeeyay inay gooyaan doonyaha badbaadada inta kale ay heesayeen. Markii doonyaha badbaadada la bilaabay Lance-Corporal Baker ayaa iskiis u soo bandhigay inuu ka boodo biyaha si uu u sugo doon badbaado oo ka fogaanaysa, taasoo xaqiijinaysa badbaadada ku dhawaad 20 nin. Qabyada intiisa kale waxay galeen biyaha waxayna ku dhegeen doonyaha badbaadada muddo laba saacadood iyo bar ah, iyagoo heesaya oo ku dhiirigelinaya dadaallada badbaadinta. Hal nin oo keliya oo ka tirsan qabyada ayaa lumay.&lt;ref&gt;Moody, pp. 64–5.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada.&lt;br&gt;A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay {{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}}}
Qiyaastii 15 daqiiqo&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ka dib markii torbiito ay ku dhufatay ''Aragon'', [[Master mariner|Master]]-keeda, Captain Bateman, wuxuu amar ka bixiyay [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]]-keeda ''&quot;Ninkii ha is badbaadiyo&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Kuwii haray waxay u carareen inay ka baxaan dhinaceeda,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo qaansadeeda ayaa ka kacday badda markii askartu ay u soo degayeen dhinaceeda biyaha.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Mid ka mid ah VADs oo badbaaday ayaa markii dambe diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada&quot;''.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Qiyaastii 17&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ilaa 20 daqiiqo ka dib markii lagu dhuftay ''Aragon'' way degtay, waxayna la kulantay qarax labaad markii biyaha badda ee qabow ay gaareen kariyayaasheeda kulul.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada ayaa lagu reebay biyaha.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

[[File:VCErnestGeorgeHorlock(orHarlock).jpg|thumb|[[Cigarette card]] sawirka [[Company Sergeant Major|BSM]] [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]], oo ka mid ahaa boqollaal askar oo la dilay markii ''Aragon'' la quusiyay]]
''Attack'' hadda waxay ahayd dad aad u badan oo leh 300 ilaa 400 oo badbaadayaal ah:&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; qaar qaawan, qaar dhaawac ah, qaar badan oo miyir la'aan ah oo dhimanaya.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Hal askari, Sergeant Harold Riddlesworth oo ka tirsan [[Cheshire Regiment]], ayaa marar badan ka booday destroyer-ka una booday badda si uu u badbaadiyo badbaadayaal kale.&lt;ref name=Express&gt;{{cite news |title=Amazing tale of 'luckiest soldier' |newspaper=Macclesfield Express |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/macclesfieldexpress/news/s/1438702_amazing-tale-of-luckiest-soldier |date=20 July 2011 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuu badbaaday waxaana lagu sharraxay [[Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)|Meritorious Service Medal]].&lt;ref name=Express/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30652/supplements/5037 |title=His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the Meritorious Service Medal to the undermentioned. |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=5037 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911) sinking.jpg|thumb|upright|HMS ''Attack'' oo degaysa]]
Markaas torbiito ayaa ku dhufatay ''Attack'' dhexda waxayna u qarxisay laba qaybood,&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; labaduba waxay degtay shan ilaa toddobo daqiiqo.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaraxu wuxuu dillaaciyay bakhaarada ''Attack'', wuxuuna ku daadiyay boqollaal tan oo [[Fuel oil#Bunker fuel|bunker fuel]] saliid madow oo qaro weyn badda markay degtay.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal rag ah ayaa biyaha ku jiray, qaar badan oo ka mid ahna waxay noqdeen kuwo saliidda lagu daboolay ama uu qiiqeeda ka adkaaday.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

Doonyaha badbaadada ee ''Aragon'' ee badbaaday ayaa hadda boqollaal badbaadayaal ah u qaaday trawlers, halkaas oo VADs ''&quot;ay u shaqeeyeen si aan kala joogsi lahayn oo geesinimo weyn leh&quot;'' si ay u daryeelaan dadka badan ee dhaawacmay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Trawlers kale ayaa u soo baxay si ay u caawiyaan,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo trawler-kii ugu horreeyay ama trawlers-ka&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay ku soo laabteen dekedda si ay u badbaadaan.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

===Dhimashada iyo badbaadayaasha===
Kuwii saarnaa ''Aragon'', 610 ayaa la dilay&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; oo ay ku jiraan Captain Bateman, 19 ka mid ah shaqaalihiisa,&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; iyo lix ka mid ah VADs.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal askar ayaa la dilay. Mid ka mid ah wuxuu ahaa [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]], a [[Royal Field Artillery]] [[Company Sergeant Major|Battery Sergeant Major]] oo helay [[Victoria Cross|VC]] &quot;geesinimo muuqata&quot; oo lagu muujiyay [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] sanadkii 1914.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; [[Private (rank)|Private]] [[Fred J. Barnes]], askari ka tirsan [[Essex Regiment]] oo ka shaqayn jiray qoraaga heesaha ka hor dagaalka, ayaa sidoo kale dhintay.&lt;ref name=&quot;CWGC&quot;&gt;{{CWGC|id=475872|name=F J Barnes|access-date=16 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airman 2nd Class Alfred Moore oo dhintay isagoo jira 22 sano oo ka yimid Lower Edmonton, London. 25 kale oo ka mid ah kuwii la dilay waxay ahaayeen askar cusub oo ka tirsan Guutada 5aad ee [[Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment#The Bedfordshire Regiment (1881 to 1919)|Bedfordshire Regiment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/5thbn/ssaragon.html |last=Fuller |first=Steven |title=The sinking of the S.S. Aragon, 30th December 1917 |work=The Bedfordshire Regiment in the Great War |date= 2003–2013 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Askar ku dhintay degitaanka ayaa ka mid ah kuwa lagu xusuusto Chatby Memorial ee degmada [[Shatby]] ee bari Alexandria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/142020/CHATBY%20MEMORIAL |title=Chatby Memorial |work=Cemetery details |publisher=[[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon''{{'}}s [[Second mate|sarkaalkii labaad]] wuxuu ka mid ahaa badbaadayaasha.&lt;ref name=Indarra&gt;{{harvnb|Thompson|1918|pp=20–21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bil ka dib wuxuu u sheegay Master-ka markab ciidan oo Australian ah, markabkii la beddelay [[Australian United Steam Navigation Company|AUSNC]] [[SS Indarra|HMAT ''Indarra'']], in markii ''Aragon'' ay degtay Captain Bateman uu ka qayliyay buundooyinkiisa ilaa taliyaha ''Attack'' inuu dalban doono baaritaan ku saabsan markabkiisa oo lagu amray inuu ka baxo dekedda.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt; Bateman ka dib wuxuu ka booday badda mana la arkin mar dambe.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah badbaadayaashii shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' ayaa dib loogu celiyay England, iyagoo gaaray Southampton 10 Febraayo 1918.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Qaar waxay u safreen dhammaan habka markab uumi ah, laakiin inta badan waxay u safreen dhulka.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

==Burbur==
{{location map |Egypt |width= |lat= 31.3 |long= 29.8 |caption=Meesha qiyaas ahaan ee burburka ''Aragon'' |relief= yes}}
''Aragon'' wuxuu weli yahay burbur ka baxsan xeebta Egypt, isagoo ku yaal qiyaastii {{convert|40|m}} oo biyo ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Ilaha iyo akhris dheeraad ah==
*{{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Lyn |author-link=Lyn MacDonald |orig-year=1980 |year=1984 |edition=2nd |title=The Roses of No Man's Land |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Papermac]] |isbn=014017866X}}
*{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1913 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The St Katherine Press}}
* Col R.S.H. Moody, ''Historical Records of The Buffs, East Kent Regiment, 1914–1919'', London: Medici Society, 1922/Uckfield, Naval &amp; Military Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-84342395-9.
*{{cite book |last=Nicol |first=Stuart |year=2001 |title=MacQueen's Legacy; Ships of the Royal Mail Line |volume=Two |place=Brimscombe Port and Charleston, SC |publisher=[[The History Press|Tempus Publishing]] |isbn=0-7524-2119-0 |pages=101–105, 117–118}}
*{{cite book |last=Seligmann |first=Matthew S |year=2012 |title=The Royal Navy and the German Threat 1901 – 1914: Admiralty Plans to Protect British Trade in a War Against Germany |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-957403-2 |page=132}}
*{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=JEM |date=13 October 1917 – 29 October 1918 |title=Diary |work=Manuscripts, oral history &amp; pictures |publisher=[[State Library of New South Wales]] |id=MLMSS 2889/Item 1 }}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category|Aragon (ship, 1905)}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlH9DCNcwpw&amp;ab_channel=OceanicSteamNavigationCompany RMS ''Aragon'' Fiidiyow gaaban oo leh sawirro badan oo gudaha markabka ah]
* {{cite web |url= http://www.jrawl.co.uk/pugh.htm |last=Rawlins |first=John |title=John Pugh |work=Machen First World War Memorial Site}} – xusuus u ah [[Royal Engineers]] [[sapper]], oo lagu sharraxay sawirrada [[Imperial War Museum]] ee ''Aragon'' adeegga iyo degitaanka
* {{cite web |url= http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/cats/hamilton/h0-0704.htm |title=HAMILTON: 7/4/1-42 Instructions, reports, orders of battle, staff diary and related papers of General Headquarters, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 1915 |work=Catalogues |publisher=[[King's College London]] }} – buugga dukumentiyada milatariga oo taariikhaysan 9 Luulyo 1915 ilaa 8 May 1916 oo ku saabsan ''Aragon''{{'}}s qayb ka mid ah [[Gallipoli Campaign]].

{{coord|31|18|N|29|48|E|display=title}}
{{December 1917 shipwrecks}}

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      <text bytes="35755" sha1="5xgefl7hmbjdahzfq591rtlf6avzp8r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= SS Aragon 1908.jpg
 |image_caption= ''Aragon'' sanadkii 1908 oo ah markab rakaab oo rayid ah
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
 |country= [[Boqortooyada Midowday ee Britain iyo Ireland|Boqortooyada Midowday]]
 |name=*RMS ''Aragon'' (1905–14)
       *HMT ''Aragon'' (1915–17)
 |namesake= [[Boqortooyada Aragon]] ee Spain
 |owner= [[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company|Royal Mail Steam Packet Co]]
 |operator=*[[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] Royal Mail SP Co (1905–14)
           *{{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} [[Royal Navy]] (1915–17)
 |ordered= 
 |builder= [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], [[Belfast]]
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number= 367
 |laid_down= 
 |launched= 23 Febraayo 1905&lt;ref name=SoE&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/northcoast/AB/aragon.html |title=Aragon |work=North Coast Shipwrecks |publisher=Shipwrecks of Egypt |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |completed= 22 Juun 1905
 |acquired= 
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Luulyo 1905
 |in_service= 
 |out_of_service= 30 Diseembar 1917
 |registry= [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]
 |identification= *UK [[Official number]] 120707
                  *[[Code letters]] HCST
                  *{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|Tango}}
                  *[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]] MBN
 |route=*[[Southampton]] – [[Buenos Aires]]
        *(1905–14)&lt;ref name=Seligmann144&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=144}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |fate= Waxaa quusiyay torbiito 30 Diseembar 1917
 |notes= 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class= RMSP &quot;A&quot; series
 |type= [[Markab rakaab]]
 |tonnage=*{{GRT|9588}};&lt;ref name=Wreck&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?134801 |title=SS Aragon [+1917] |last=Lettens |first=Jan |date=9 November 2009 |work=The Wreck Site |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/rm2.html |title=1914–1926 |work=Royal Mail Steam Packet Company |publisher=Merchant Navy Officers |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
          *{{NetT|6038}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |displacement= 
 |length= {{cvt|513.2|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |beam= {{cvt|60.4|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |draught= 
 |depth= {{cvt|31.0|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |power=762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]
 |propulsion= *[[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Mashiinnada uumiga ee isku-ballaariya]];&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
              *Laba marwaxadood oo [[propeller]] ah&lt;ref name=Seligmann132&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=132}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |speed=*{{convert|15|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama
        *{{convert|16|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |capacity=*Sida markab rakaab:
           *306 fasalka 1aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *66 fasalka 2aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *632 fasalka 3aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |crew= Sida markab ciidan: 200&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |boats= 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]], 1 [[dinghy]], 1 [[Captain's gig|gig]]
 |armament= 2 × qoryaha [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} (laga bilaabo 1913)&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt;
 |notes=*[[sister ship]]s:
        *{{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}}, ''Avon'', [[SS Savoie (1906)|''Araguaya'']], {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}
 }}
}}

'''HMT ''Aragon''''', asal ahaan loo yaqaanay '''RMS ''Aragon''''', wuxuu ahaa {{GRT|9588}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; markab [[Royal Mail Ship]] ah oo u kala goosha Atlantic-ga, kaas oo u adeegay sidii markab ciidan intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka. Waxaa lagu dhisay [[Belfast]], [[Ireland]] sanadkii 1905, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee maraakiibta &quot;A-liners&quot; ee shirkadda [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company]]&lt;ref name=Trains&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.trains-worldexpresses.com/webships/300/306.htm |title=Royal Mail to Plate |work=Ships-Worldwide.com |publisher=Trains-WorldExpresses.com |year=2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo ka shaqayn jiray waddooyinka joogtada ah ee u dhexeeya [[Southampton]] iyo dekedaha Koonfurta Ameerika, oo ay ku jiraan [[Buenos Aires]].&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' wuxuu noqday markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain oo ah [[Defensively equipped merchant ship#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] waqtigii casriga ahaa (&quot;DAMS&quot;). Dagaalkii [[World War I|Koowaad ee Adduunka]] wuxuu u adeegay sidii markab ciidan, isagoo ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]] sanadkii 1915. Sanadkii 1917, markab quusiyaha Jarmalka ayaa ku quusiyay Badda Mediterranean-ka, halkaas oo ay ku dhinteen 610 qof oo saarnaa.

==Dhismaha==
[[Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant|Owen Philipps]] wuxuu noqday guddoomiyaha RMSP sanadkii 1903, wuxuuna si degdeg ah wax uga qabtay baahida shirkadda ee ah inay yeelato maraakiib waaweyn oo ku saabsan waddada Koonfurta Ameerika. RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka dalbatay [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], kuwaas oo ku dhisay slip lambar 7 ee South Yard ee [[Belfast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.theyard.info/ships/ships.asp?entryid=367 |title=Aragon |work=Harland and Wolff |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam|Countess Fitzwilliam]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ayaa daah-furtay markabka 23 Febraayo 1905.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Harland and Wolff waxay dhammeeyeen markabka 22 Juun.&lt;ref name=SAS&gt;{{cite web |url= http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&amp;builder=&amp;ref=202327&amp;vessel=ARAGON |title=Aragon |work=Shipping and Shipbuilding |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Philipps wuxuu kala hadlay [[Charles Algernon Parsons|Charles Parsons]] suurtogalnimada isticmaalka [[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|mashiinka uumiga ee turbine-ka ah]], kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay markabkii ''[[Turbinia]]'' sanadkii 1894. Markabkii ugu horreeyay ee rakaabka ee ku shaqeeya turbine, {{ship|TS|King Edward}}, wuxuu adeegga bilaabay [[Firth of Clyde]] sanadkii 1901, laakiin Philipps wuxuu go'aansaday in loo baahan yahay hal sano oo kale oo qiimeyn ah si loo ogaado in iyo sida loo adeegsan karo qaabkan cusub ee tamarta uumiga ee maraakiibta ganacsiga.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=99}}

Sidaas darteed, ''Aragon'' waxaa lagu dhisay lammaane ka mid ah [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee quadruple-expansion]] ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Awooddooda la isku daray waxaa lagu qiyaasay 762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]. Waxay ku kaxeeyeen laba marwaxadood&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; oo siiyay xawaare dhan {{convert|15|kn|km/h}}.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa hal dhuumo weyn oo dhexe ah.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Wuxuu lahaa 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]] oo ku yaal sagxadda doonyaha, oo lagu daray [[dinghy]] iyo [[Captain's gig|gig]] gadaal.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} Qolka cuntada ee fasalka koowaad wuxuu lahaa saqaf alwaax ah oo lagu sharraxay sawirro [[Christopher Columbus]] ah oo helay Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://monkbarns.wordpress.com/tag/rms-aragon/ |last=Sivell |first=Jay |title=6. Great steamers white and gold |work=A sailor's life |publisher=[[WordPress]] |date=22 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa shan qaybood oo xamuul ah, qaar ka mid ahna waa la qaboojiyay si loo qaado hilibka iyo miraha laga keeno Koonfurta Ameerika. Qaybta 5aad iyo heerar hoose ee qaybaha 1aad iyo 2aad waxay u shaqeeyeen xamuul qaboojiyey. Qalabka qaboojinta ee uumiga ku shaqeeya wuxuu isticmaalay &quot;[[Carbon dioxide|carbonic anhydride]]&quot; sidii qaboojiye, qaybahana waxaa lagu dahaaray &quot;[[Mineral wool|silicate cotton]]&quot;.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}} Bakhaaradeeda waxay qaadeen 2,000 oo tan oo dhuxul ah{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} waxayna lahayd taangiyo biyo ah oo awooddoodu tahay qiyaastii 2,000 oo tan.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}}

RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka diiwaangelisay [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]. Lambarkeedii rasmiga ahaa ee UK wuxuu ahaa 120707, xarfaha koodhkuna waxay ahaayeen HCST.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen |year=1906 |title=Mercantile Navy List |page=23 |url= https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Aragon&amp;year=1906&amp;steamsail=Steam&amp;submit=Enter |publisher=[[Board of Trade]] |via=Crew List Index Project |access-date=19 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Horumarinta A-series==
''Aragon'' waxaa ku xigay taxane maraakiib ah oo u dhigma laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah u weynaa oo u culusaa.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Sanadkii 1906 Harland and Wolff waxay dhisteen maraakiibta mataanaha ah ee {{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}} iyo ''Avon'', halka deked kale oo Belfast ah, [[Workman, Clark and Company]], ay dhisteen ''Araguaya''. Harland and Wolff waxay ku dareen markab shanaad oo mataano ah, {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}, sanadkii 1908. RMSP waxay mid kasta oo ka mid ah taxanahan siisay magac ku bilaabma &quot;A&quot;, taasoo keentay in si caadi ah loogu yeero &quot;A-series&quot;&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ama &quot;A-liners&quot;.

Dhowr sano ka dib, afarta markab ee ugu dambeeyay ee taxanaha A ayaa ka yimid Harland and Wolff: ''Arlanza'' sanadkii 1912, ''Andes'' iyo {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}} sanadkii 1913 iyo ''Almanzora'' sanadkii 1915.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Marka laga reebo inay mar kale weynaadaan, waxay kaga duwanaayeen ''Aragon'' iyo afarteeda gabdhood ee ugu horreeyay iyagoo leh saddex marwaxadood halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen laba, iyo iyagoo isticmaalaya xoogaa turbine ah oo Phillips iyo Parsons ay ka wada hadleen dhowr sano ka hor. Laba marwaxadood oo dibadda ah ayaa lagu kaxeeyay [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee triple-expansion]]. Mashiinka uumiga ee cadaadiska hooseeya ayaa kaxeeyay marwaxadda dhexe ''via'' qalabka dhimista.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}}

==Adeegga rayidka==
Laga bilaabo 1850-yadii, maraakiibta rakaabka ee RMSP waxay u adeegi jireen waddo joogto ah oo u dhexeysa Britain iyo dekedaha [[Río de la Plata|River Plate]] ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Waxay ka dhoofeen [[Southampton]] ee koonfurta England, waxay joogsadeen jasiiradaha [[Madeira]] iyo [[Tenerife]] oo ku yaal xeebta [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]; [[Pernambuco]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador de Bahia]] iyo [[Rio de Janeiro]] oo ku yaal xeebta Brazil; ka dibna [[Montevideo]] oo ku yaal [[Uruguay]] ka hor intaysan dhammaystirin safarkooda [[Buenos Aires]] ee Argentina.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ''Aragon'' iyo gabdhaheeda waxay casriyeeyeen adeeggii RMSP ee Southampton – River Plate,&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; iyagoo beddelay maraakiibta sida RMS ''Atranto'' oo adeegga ku jiray laga bilaabo 1889 wixii ka dambeeyay.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt;

Maraakiibta A-series waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen faa'iidada waddada. Sanadkii 1906 waxay samaysay afar safar oo ay ku tagtay oo ay uga soo laabatay Koonfurta Ameerika waxayna heshay faa'iido dhan £45,368.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=100}} Sanadkii 1908 waxay ku xirtay xeebta [[Isle of Wight]], laakiin marka laga reebo taas adeeggeeda rayidka wuxuu ahaa mid guud ahaan aan wax dhacdo ah lahayn.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=106}}

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' waxaa loo qalabaysay [[wireless telegraphy]], iyadoo ku shaqaynaysa hirarka 300 iyo 600 mitir. [[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]-keedu wuxuu ahaa MBN.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1913|page=245}}

==Markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah==
{{main|Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race}}
Laga bilaabo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya [[Great Powers|Awoodaha Weyn]] ee Yurub waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Anglo-German naval arms race]] oo khatar geliyay amniga maraakiibta ganacsiga. Laga bilaabo 1911, Sirdoonka Britain waxay ogaadeen in [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] ay si qarsoodi ah u hubaynayso qaar ka mid ah maraakiibteeda rakaabka, dawladda UK iyo [[British Admiralty|Admiralty-ga Britain]] waxay ka wada hadleen sida looga jawaabo.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=136}}

Dhamaadkii 1912, Admiralty-gu wuxuu go'aansaday inuu la jaanqaado siyaasadda Jarmalka iyadoo la hubaynayo qaar ka mid ah maraakiibta rakaabka ee Britain, iyadoo laga bilaabayo RMS ''Aragon''.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=139}} Waxaa loo qorsheeyay inay sidato qoryaha badda laga bilaabo Diseembar 1912, laakiin gudaha Dawladda Britain iyo Admiralty-ga waxaa ka jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan sida waddamada shisheeye iyo dekedaha ay uga falcelin doonaan.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Janaayo 1913 Rear Admiral [[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry Campbell]] wuxuu ku taliyay in Admiralty-gu uu markab ganacsi u diro badda isagoo sita qoryo badda ah, laakiin aan lahayn rasaas, si loo tijaabiyo falcelinta dawladaha shisheeye.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Shir uu guddoomiyay [[Francis Hopwood, 1st Baron Southborough|Sir Francis Hopwood]], [[Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty#Organisation|Civil Lord of the Admiralty]] ayaa isku raacay, Sir [[Eyre Crowe]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Haddii aysan waxba dhicin, waxaa laga yaabaa inay suurtagal noqoto oo fudud, muddo ka dib, in la saaro rasaas.&quot;''{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}}

25 Abriil 1913 ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Southampton iyadoo ah markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain ee [[Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] (DAMS), iyadoo sidata laba qori oo [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} ah oo dhabarka kaga yaal.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Dawladaha, wargeysyada iyo dadweynaha waddamada Koonfurta Ameerika ee ''Aragon'' ay booqatay wax yar ayay dareemeen mana muujin wax walaac ah.&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt; Waxaa jiray dhaliil ka timid qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha badda ee firfircoon iyo kuwa hawlgabka ah ee Britain{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=145}} laakiin siyaasadda way sii socotay. ''Aragon''{{'}}s markab mataano ah RMS ''Amazon'' ayaa loo sameeyay DAMS-kii xigay, bilooyinkii xigayna maraakiib kale oo RMSP &quot;A-liners&quot; ayaa la hubeeyay.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Waxaa ka mid ahaa markabkii dhawaan la dhisay ee {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}}, kaas oo Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka u adeegay sidii [[Armed merchantman#Auxiliary cruisers|markab ganacsi oo hubaysan]].

==Gallipoli==
Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka markabka waxaa loo qoondeeyay inuu noqdo [[Troopship|markab ciidan]] wuxuuna noqday HMT ''Aragon''. Wuxuu ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]], kaas oo hal ilo-wareed uu sheegay inuu ku bilaabay inuu qaado Guutada 5aad, [[Hampshire Regiment]] iyo unugyada [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] si ay uga qaybqaataan ololaha Maarso 1915.&lt;ref name=Nicol117&gt;{{harvnb|Nicol|2001|p=117.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maadaama degitaanku aanu dhicin ilaa 25 Abriil, tani waxay u gudbi kartaa ciidamada ka guuraya UK una socda Bariga Mediterranean-ka si ay ugu diyaar garoobaan degitaanka. Waajibaadkeeda waxaa ka mid ahaa in ku dhawaad 1,500 oo qof oo dhaawac ah loo daadgureeyo [[Alexandria Port|Alexandria]] iyo Malta.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

8 Abriil ''Aragon'' waxay joogtay Alexandria halkaas oo ay ka qaadday Guutada 4aad, [[Worcestershire Regiment]] iyo Guutada 2aad, Hampshire Regiment.&lt;ref name=Worcs&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/bat_4_1915.php |last=Scully |first=Louis |title=4th Battalion Worcestershire Regiment – 1915 |work=The Worcestershire Regiment – The History of the Regiment 1694 – 1970 |date=2002–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.warmemorial.org.uk/ww1.php?p=38 |title=White, Frederick |work=Hurst War Memorial |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Labada guuto waxay ahaayeen unugyo ka tirsan [[88th Brigade (United Kingdom)|88th Brigade]], kuwaas oo qayb ka ah [[29th Division (United Kingdom)|29th Division]] lagu amray inay ka qaybqaataan [[Gallipoli Campaign#Landings|Gallipoli Landings]].&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt;

11 Abriil waxay ka dhooftay Alexandria waxayna u socotay jasiiradda Aegean ee [[Lemnos#Modern period|Lemnos]], halkaas oo maraakiibta Faransiiska iyo Britain ay ku urursanayeen dekedda weyn ee dabiiciga ah ee [[Moudros]] si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan degitaanka ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref name=Worcs/&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt; 13 Abriil 1915 ciidamadii ''Aragon'' ayaa u wareegay markabkii xamuulka ee {{SS|River Clyde}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan [[landing at Cape Helles]] 10 maalmood ka dib.

Goor dambe oo ka tirsan [[Gallipoli Campaign]] xafiiska boostada ee [[British Forces Post Office]], Base Army Post Office Y, ayaa ka wareegay {{SS|Arcadian||2}}, oo ahaa markab kale oo ciidan, una wareegay ''Aragon''.&lt;ref name=FPHS&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.forcespostalhistorysociety.org.uk/society/meetings-archive/2012/july-2012.html |title=Report of the Meeting of 20th – 22nd July 2012 York Weekend 60th Anniversary Conference |publisher=Forces Postal History Society |date=July 2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; BAPO Y ayaa markii dambe ka guurtay ''Aragon'' una guurtay saldhig dhulka ah oo ku yaal Moudros.&lt;ref name=FPHS/&gt;

Duulaanku wuxuu ahaa guuldarro qaali ah, bishii Janaayo 1916 ciidamada Faransiiska iyo Britain waxay [[Gallipoli Campaign#Evacuation|ka baxeen gacanka Gallipoli]]. 13 Febraayo ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Moudros waxayna u socotay Malta, iyadoo qaadaysa ciidamo fasax ku jiray oo ay ku jiraan afar sarkaal iyo 270 nin oo ka tirsan [[63rd (Royal Naval) Division]] (RND).&lt;ref name=Clegg1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary001.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=1st Royal Marine Battalion (aka 1st Bn. RMLI) War Diaries: May 1916 to Jan. 1919 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

14 May ''Aragon'' waxay mar kale joogtay Moudros si ay u soo saarto ciidamo; markan oo ay ku jiraan Guutada 1aad ee [[Royal Marines]]&lt;ref name=Clegg2&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary002.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=Royal Naval Division War Diary Jan. to May 1916 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xubno ka tirsan [[2nd (Royal Naval) Brigade]].&lt;ref name=Clegg1/&gt; Waxay gaartay [[Marseille-Fos Port|Marseille]] ee koonfurta France saacadda markay ahayd 0630 19 May.&lt;ref name=Clegg2/&gt;

Goor dambe oo 1916 ''Aragon'' waxay ka adeegtay [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Diseembar 1916 waxay ka dhooftay [[Kilindini Harbour]] oo ku taal British [[East Africa Protectorate]], waxayna gaartay [[Durban]] maalinta Christmas-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://samilitaryhistory.org/diaries/edkins.html |last=Grice |first=Rob |title=East London's Edkins brothers in WWI |publisher=The South African Military History Society |date=September 2009 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Alexandria Roads==
Dhamaadkii 1917 ''Aragon'' waxay laba toddobaad ku qaadatay xiritaan xeebta Marseille ka hor intaysan qaadan amarro Diseembar inay u dhoofaan [[Sultanate of Egypt|Egypt]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Waxay qaadday ku dhawaad 2,200 oo ciidan&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; si ay u xoojiyaan [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] ee [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign#Southern Palestine Offensive|Palestine Campaign]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta]], oo lagu daray qiyaastii 150 sarkaal oo ciidan ah, 160 [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]s iyo qiyaastii 2,500 oo boorso oo Christmas-ka ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Iyada iyo gaadiid kale, ''Nile'', ayaa markaas ku dhoofay [[Convoys in World War I|convoy]] iyadoo ay weheliyaan ilaalada [[destroyer]]s&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ee Egypt. 23 Diseembar&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay gaareen Windy Bay, [[Malta]], halkaas oo labada gaadiid ay ku sugnaayeen xiritaan muddo afar&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama shan&lt;ref name=Jones&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.warpoetry.co.uk/Maureen_Jones.html |last=Jones |first=Maureen |title=Poems of the First World War |publisher=The War Poetry Web Site |date=November 2007 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; maalmood. Halkaas ayay ku xuseen Christmas-ka, marka loo eego mid ka mid ah VAD-yada kuwa saarnaa ''Aragon'' waxay heleen waqti &quot;top hole&quot; ah.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911).jpg|thumb|{{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}}]]
''Aragon'' iyo ''Nile'' ayaa markaas u sii waday Egypt iyagoo wata ilaalo cusub: {{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}} oo lagu daray laba [[Imperial Japanese Navy#World War I|Imperial Japanese Navy]] destroyers.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Convoy-gu wuxuu la kulmay duufaan,&lt;ref name=MacD&gt;{{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xeebta Egypt markay waagu baryay Axaddii 30 Diseembar ayay qaybsantay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Labadii Japanese destroyers waxay u kaxeeyeen ''Nile'' [[Port Said]], halka ''Attack'' ay u kaxeysay ''Aragon'' Alexandria.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markay u dhowaadeen dekedda ''Attack'' waxay u socotay si zigzag ah si ay u raadiso [[Naval mine|miinooyin]] halka ''Aragon'' ay ku sugaysay Alexandria Roads.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Markabka [[Naval trawler#United Kingdom|armed trawler]] {{HMT|Points Castle}} ayaa u soo dhawaaday ''Aragon'' isagoo wata calaamadda calanka caalamiga ah &quot;I raac&quot;. Markabkii ciidanka ayaa sidaas sameeyay, ilaa ''Attack'' ay ka soo laabato oo ay calaamad u dirtay &quot;Ma lihid xaqa aad uga qaadato amarro markab trawler ah&quot;.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt; Destroyer-ku wuxuu dhexgalay ''Points Castle'' ka dibna wuxuu amray ''Aragon'' inay ku laabato badda.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka ayaa adeecay oo u soo jeestay badda.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Sarkaalkii ugu sarreeyay ee ''Aragon'' ee ka badbaaday wixii dhacay ayaa isku dayay inuu dareen u yeesho jahwareerka:
&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Sharaxaadda kaliya ee qoraagu uu soo bandhigi karo waa in taliyaha ''Attack'' uu haystay digniin ku saabsan miinooyinka kanaalka, taas oo ku qasabtay inuu amro ''Aragon'' inay iska indhatirto ''Points Castle'' ''I raac''. Sida muuqata cadowgu waxay dhigeen miinooyin waqtigii habboonaa iyagoo og in markabka dibadda lagu hayn doono sidaas darteedna uu noqon doono bartilmaameedka weerarka torbiitada.&quot;''&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

''Aragon'' iyo ''Attack'' waxay ku sugnaayeen Alexandria Roads&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Uboat.net |id=402.html |name=Aragon |type=1ship |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; qiyaastii {{convert|8|mi|0}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama {{convert|10|mi|0}} banaanka dekedda, iyagoo sugaya ogolaansho inay galaan, markii qiyaastii 1100 saacadood&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; [[German Type UC II submarine]] {{SMU|UC-34}} ay ku weerartay torbiito ''Aragon'',&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ku dhufatay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Port (left)|bidix]] [[aft|gadaal]]&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; waxayna keentay burbur baahsan oo ku yimid qaybteeda 4aad ee xamuulka oo ku dhowaad madhan.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ''Aragon''{{'}}s sarkaal [[Deck department|deck]] ee [[Watchstanding|watch]], Lieut. J.F.A. Thompson, wuxuu sheegay inay markaas u janjeertay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Starboard (right)|midig]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

===Badbaadinta===
{{Rquote|right|Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]].|A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' iyo ''Points Castle'' ayaa u yimid badbaadinta.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Hal xisaab ayaa sheegaysa in laba trawlers ay joogeen.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; VADs waxaa lagu amray inay galaan doonyaha badbaadada ee ugu horreeya ee la bilaabo.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;&lt;ref name=Star&gt;{{cite news |title=Last Song on Doomed Ship |newspaper=[[The Northern Star]] |location=[[Lismore, New South Wales]] |date=8 April 1918 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba ama saddex ka mid ah VADs ayaa ka mudaaharaaday in la siiyo mudnaan mid ka mid ahna waxay ku bariday ''&quot;Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]]&quot;'' ka hor intaysan dhammaantood adeecin amarrada.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Doonyaha VADs waxay badbaadiyeen qaar ka mid ah ciidamadii biyaha ku jiray&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ka dibna u wareejiyeen badbaadayaashooda mid&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; ama laba&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; trawlers. ''Aragon'' waxay sii daysay [[Lifeboat (shipboard)#Liferaft versus lifeboat|doonyaha badbaadada]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; laakiin qaraxu wuxuu burburiyay mid ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; iyo janjeerkeeda sii kordhaya waxay ka hor istaagtay shaqaalaheeda inay bilaabaan qaar ka mid ah inta hartay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' waxay shaqeeyeen ilaa ay dhexda ugu jireen biyaha si ay u bilaabaan doonyaha ay awoodaan.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan maqlay heesta ''[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]'' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg.|Qof badbaaday|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' waxay si sax ah u barbar dhigtay ''Aragon'' si ay u qaaddo badbaadayaasha si dhakhso ah intii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; iyadoo la kaashanayo xarigga u dhexeeya labada markab.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu degay gadaasha. In ka badan hal qof oo badbaaday ayaa sheegay in askartii ku sugayay sagxadda si loo badbaadiyo ay bilaabeen heeso.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; Mid ayaa yiri ''&quot;Waxaan maqlay heesta '[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

Hadda waxaa jiray tirada sii kordhaysa ee ragga biyaha ku jira, iyo [[Trooper (rank)|trooper]] James Werner Magnusson ee [[New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade#World War I formation|New Zealand Mounted Rifles]] wuxuu arkay askari dhaawac ah oo ku dhibtoonaya badda aad u qallafsan.&lt;ref name=Gazette&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30565/pages/2990 |title=Board of Trade, Whitehall Gardens, 7th March, 1918 |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=229 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu ka booday markabka, wuxuu badbaadiyay ninkii wuxuuna geliyay doon.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Magnusson ka dib wuxuu ku soo laabtay markabka, wuxuu dib ugu biiray unuggiisa, wuxuuna la degay markabka.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Waxaa loo abaalmariyay abaalmarinta [[Albert Medal (lifesaving)|Albert Medal]].&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt;

Qabyo [[3rd (Reserve) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)]] loo diray inay xoojiyaan [[10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)|10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs]], ayaa ku guulaystay ammaan sare anshaxooda. Marka hore, Lance-Sergeant Canfor (oo isaga laftiisu dhaawacay qaraxu) ayaa wacay roll-ka, ka dibna ragga waxaa loo qoondeeyay inay gooyaan doonyaha badbaadada inta kale ay heesayeen. Markii doonyaha badbaadada la bilaabay Lance-Corporal Baker ayaa iskiis u soo bandhigay inuu ka boodo biyaha si uu u sugo doon badbaado oo ka fogaanaysa, taasoo xaqiijinaysa badbaadada ku dhawaad 20 nin. Qabyada intiisa kale waxay galeen biyaha waxayna ku dhegeen doonyaha badbaadada muddo laba saacadood iyo bar ah, iyagoo heesaya oo ku dhiirigelinaya dadaallada badbaadinta. Hal nin oo keliya oo ka tirsan qabyada ayaa lumay.&lt;ref&gt;Moody, pp. 64–5.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada.&lt;br&gt;A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay {{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}}}
Qiyaastii 15 daqiiqo&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ka dib markii torbiito ay ku dhufatay ''Aragon'', [[Master mariner|Master]]-keeda, Captain Bateman, wuxuu amar ka bixiyay [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]]-keeda ''&quot;Ninkii ha is badbaadiyo&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Kuwii haray waxay u carareen inay ka baxaan dhinaceeda,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo qaansadeeda ayaa ka kacday badda markii askartu ay u soo degayeen dhinaceeda biyaha.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Mid ka mid ah VADs oo badbaaday ayaa markii dambe diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada&quot;''.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Qiyaastii 17&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ilaa 20 daqiiqo ka dib markii lagu dhuftay ''Aragon'' way degtay, waxayna la kulantay qarax labaad markii biyaha badda ee qabow ay gaareen kariyayaasheeda kulul.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada ayaa lagu reebay biyaha.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

[[File:VCErnestGeorgeHorlock(orHarlock).jpg|thumb|[[Cigarette card]] sawirka [[Company Sergeant Major|BSM]] [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]], oo ka mid ahaa boqollaal askar oo la dilay markii ''Aragon'' la quusiyay]]
''Attack'' hadda waxay ahayd dad aad u badan oo leh 300 ilaa 400 oo badbaadayaal ah:&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; qaar qaawan, qaar dhaawac ah, qaar badan oo miyir la'aan ah oo dhimanaya.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Hal askari, Sergeant Harold Riddlesworth oo ka tirsan [[Cheshire Regiment]], ayaa marar badan ka booday destroyer-ka una booday badda si uu u badbaadiyo badbaadayaal kale.&lt;ref name=Express&gt;{{cite news |title=Amazing tale of 'luckiest soldier' |newspaper=Macclesfield Express |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/macclesfieldexpress/news/s/1438702_amazing-tale-of-luckiest-soldier |date=20 July 2011 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuu badbaaday waxaana lagu sharraxay [[Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)|Meritorious Service Medal]].&lt;ref name=Express/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30652/supplements/5037 |title=His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the Meritorious Service Medal to the undermentioned. |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=5037 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911) sinking.jpg|thumb|upright|HMS ''Attack'' oo degaysa]]
Markaas torbiito ayaa ku dhufatay ''Attack'' dhexda waxayna u qarxisay laba qaybood,&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; labaduba waxay degtay shan ilaa toddobo daqiiqo.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaraxu wuxuu dillaaciyay bakhaarada ''Attack'', wuxuuna ku daadiyay boqollaal tan oo [[Fuel oil#Bunker fuel|bunker fuel]] saliid madow oo qaro weyn badda markay degtay.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal rag ah ayaa biyaha ku jiray, qaar badan oo ka mid ahna waxay noqdeen kuwo saliidda lagu daboolay ama uu qiiqeeda ka adkaaday.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

Doonyaha badbaadada ee ''Aragon'' ee badbaaday ayaa hadda boqollaal badbaadayaal ah u qaaday trawlers, halkaas oo VADs ''&quot;ay u shaqeeyeen si aan kala joogsi lahayn oo geesinimo weyn leh&quot;'' si ay u daryeelaan dadka badan ee dhaawacmay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Trawlers kale ayaa u soo baxay si ay u caawiyaan,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo trawler-kii ugu horreeyay ama trawlers-ka&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay ku soo laabteen dekedda si ay u badbaadaan.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

===Dhimashada iyo badbaadayaasha===
Kuwii saarnaa ''Aragon'', 610 ayaa la dilay&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; oo ay ku jiraan Captain Bateman, 19 ka mid ah shaqaalihiisa,&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; iyo lix ka mid ah VADs.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal askar ayaa la dilay. Mid ka mid ah wuxuu ahaa [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]], a [[Royal Field Artillery]] [[Company Sergeant Major|Battery Sergeant Major]] oo helay [[Victoria Cross|VC]] &quot;geesinimo muuqata&quot; oo lagu muujiyay [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] sanadkii 1914.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; [[Private (rank)|Private]] [[Fred J. Barnes]], askari ka tirsan [[Essex Regiment]] oo ka shaqayn jiray qoraaga heesaha ka hor dagaalka, ayaa sidoo kale dhintay.&lt;ref name=&quot;CWGC&quot;&gt;{{CWGC|id=475872|name=F J Barnes|access-date=16 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airman 2nd Class Alfred Moore oo dhintay isagoo jira 22 sano oo ka yimid Lower Edmonton, London. 25 kale oo ka mid ah kuwii la dilay waxay ahaayeen askar cusub oo ka tirsan Guutada 5aad ee [[Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment#The Bedfordshire Regiment (1881 to 1919)|Bedfordshire Regiment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/5thbn/ssaragon.html |last=Fuller |first=Steven |title=The sinking of the S.S. Aragon, 30th December 1917 |work=The Bedfordshire Regiment in the Great War |date= 2003–2013 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Askar ku dhintay degitaanka ayaa ka mid ah kuwa lagu xusuusto Chatby Memorial ee degmada [[Shatby]] ee bari Alexandria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/142020/CHATBY%20MEMORIAL |title=Chatby Memorial |work=Cemetery details |publisher=[[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon''{{'}}s [[Second mate|sarkaalkii labaad]] wuxuu ka mid ahaa badbaadayaasha.&lt;ref name=Indarra&gt;{{harvnb|Thompson|1918|pp=20–21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bil ka dib wuxuu u sheegay Master-ka markab ciidan oo Australian ah, markabkii la beddelay [[Australian United Steam Navigation Company|AUSNC]] [[SS Indarra|HMAT ''Indarra'']], in markii ''Aragon'' ay degtay Captain Bateman uu ka qayliyay buundooyinkiisa ilaa taliyaha ''Attack'' inuu dalban doono baaritaan ku saabsan markabkiisa oo lagu amray inuu ka baxo dekedda.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt; Bateman ka dib wuxuu ka booday badda mana la arkin mar dambe.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah badbaadayaashii shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' ayaa dib loogu celiyay England, iyagoo gaaray Southampton 10 Febraayo 1918.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Qaar waxay u safreen dhammaan habka markab uumi ah, laakiin inta badan waxay u safreen dhulka.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

==Burbur==
{{location map |Egypt |width= |lat= 31.3 |long= 29.8 |caption=Meesha qiyaas ahaan ee burburka ''Aragon'' |relief= yes}}
''Aragon'' wuxuu weli yahay burbur ka baxsan xeebta Egypt, isagoo ku yaal qiyaastii {{convert|40|m}} oo biyo ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Ilaha iyo akhris dheeraad ah==
*{{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Lyn |author-link=Lyn MacDonald |orig-year=1980 |year=1984 |edition=2nd |title=The Roses of No Man's Land |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Papermac]] |isbn=014017866X}}
*{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1913 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The St Katherine Press}}
* Col R.S.H. Moody, ''Historical Records of The Buffs, East Kent Regiment, 1914–1919'', London: Medici Society, 1922/Uckfield, Naval &amp; Military Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-84342395-9.
*{{cite book |last=Nicol |first=Stuart |year=2001 |title=MacQueen's Legacy; Ships of the Royal Mail Line |volume=Two |place=Brimscombe Port and Charleston, SC |publisher=[[The History Press|Tempus Publishing]] |isbn=0-7524-2119-0 |pages=101–105, 117–118}}
*{{cite book |last=Seligmann |first=Matthew S |year=2012 |title=The Royal Navy and the German Threat 1901 – 1914: Admiralty Plans to Protect British Trade in a War Against Germany |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-957403-2 |page=132}}
*{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=JEM |date=13 October 1917 – 29 October 1918 |title=Diary |work=Manuscripts, oral history &amp; pictures |publisher=[[State Library of New South Wales]] |id=MLMSS 2889/Item 1 }}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category|Aragon (ship, 1905)}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlH9DCNcwpw&amp;ab_channel=OceanicSteamNavigationCompany RMS ''Aragon'' Fiidiyow gaaban oo leh sawirro badan oo gudaha markabka ah]
* {{cite web |url= http://www.jrawl.co.uk/pugh.htm |last=Rawlins |first=John |title=John Pugh |work=Machen First World War Memorial Site}} – xusuus u ah [[Royal Engineers]] [[sapper]], oo lagu sharraxay sawirrada [[Imperial War Museum]] ee ''Aragon'' adeegga iyo degitaanka
* {{cite web |url= http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/cats/hamilton/h0-0704.htm |title=HAMILTON: 7/4/1-42 Instructions, reports, orders of battle, staff diary and related papers of General Headquarters, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 1915 |work=Catalogues |publisher=[[King's College London]] }} – buugga dukumentiyada milatariga oo taariikhaysan 9 Luulyo 1915 ilaa 8 May 1916 oo ku saabsan ''Aragon''{{'}}s qayb ka mid ah [[Gallipoli Campaign]].

{{coord|31|18|N|29|48|E|display=title}}

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      <text bytes="36535" sha1="ateucqpb3njc13iq846guxafprsc6mv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= SS Aragon 1908.jpg
 |image_caption= ''Aragon'' sanadkii 1908 oo ah markab rakaab oo rayid ah
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
 |country= [[Boqortooyada Midowday ee Britain iyo Ireland|Boqortooyada Midowday]]
 |name=*RMS ''Aragon'' (1905–14)
       *HMT ''Aragon'' (1915–17)
 |namesake= [[Boqortooyada Aragon]] ee Spain
 |owner= [[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company|Royal Mail Steam Packet Co]]
 |operator=*[[File:Royal Mail Lines House Flag.svg|15px]] Royal Mail SP Co (1905–14)
           *{{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} [[Royal Navy]] (1915–17)
 |ordered= 
 |builder= [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], [[Belfast]]
 |original_cost= 
 |yard_number= 367
 |laid_down= 
 |launched= 23 Febraayo 1905&lt;ref name=SoE&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/northcoast/AB/aragon.html |title=Aragon |work=North Coast Shipwrecks |publisher=Shipwrecks of Egypt |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |completed= 22 Juun 1905
 |acquired= 
 |maiden_voyage= 14 Luulyo 1905
 |in_service= 
 |out_of_service= 30 Diseembar 1917
 |registry= [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]
 |identification= *UK [[Official number]] 120707
                  *[[Code letters]] HCST
                  *{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|Tango}}
                  *[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]] MBN
 |route=*[[Southampton]] – [[Buenos Aires]]
        *(1905–14)&lt;ref name=Seligmann144&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=144}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |fate= Waxaa quusiyay torbiito 30 Diseembar 1917
 |notes= 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class= RMSP &quot;A&quot; series
 |type= [[Markab rakaab]]
 |tonnage=*{{GRT|9588}};&lt;ref name=Wreck&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?134801 |title=SS Aragon [+1917] |last=Lettens |first=Jan |date=9 November 2009 |work=The Wreck Site |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.merchantnavyofficers.com/rm2.html |title=1914–1926 |work=Royal Mail Steam Packet Company |publisher=Merchant Navy Officers |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
          *{{NetT|6038}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |displacement= 
 |length= {{cvt|513.2|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |beam= {{cvt|60.4|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |draught= 
 |depth= {{cvt|31.0|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |power=762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]
 |propulsion= *[[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Mashiinnada uumiga ee isku-ballaariya]];&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
              *Laba marwaxadood oo [[propeller]] ah&lt;ref name=Seligmann132&gt;{{harvnb|Seligmann|2012|p=132}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |speed=*{{convert|15|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama
        *{{convert|16|kn|km/h}}&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |capacity=*Sida markab rakaab:
           *306 fasalka 1aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *66 fasalka 2aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
           *632 fasalka 3aad&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;
 |crew= Sida markab ciidan: 200&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;
 |boats= 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]], 1 [[dinghy]], 1 [[Captain's gig|gig]]
 |armament= 2 × qoryaha [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} (laga bilaabo 1913)&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt;
 |notes=*[[sister ship]]s:
        *{{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}}, ''Avon'', [[SS Savoie (1906)|''Araguaya'']], {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}
 }}
}}

'''HMT ''Aragon''''', asal ahaan loo yaqaanay '''RMS ''Aragon''''', wuxuu ahaa {{GRT|9588}}&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; markab [[Royal Mail Ship]] ah oo u kala goosha Atlantic-ga, kaas oo u adeegay sidii markab ciidan intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka. Waxaa lagu dhisay [[Belfast]], [[Ireland]] sanadkii 1905, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee maraakiibta &quot;A-liners&quot; ee shirkadda [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company]]&lt;ref name=Trains&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.trains-worldexpresses.com/webships/300/306.htm |title=Royal Mail to Plate |work=Ships-Worldwide.com |publisher=Trains-WorldExpresses.com |year=2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo ka shaqayn jiray waddooyinka joogtada ah ee u dhexeeya [[Southampton]] iyo dekedaha Koonfurta Ameerika, oo ay ku jiraan [[Buenos Aires]].&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' wuxuu noqday markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain oo ah [[Defensively equipped merchant ship#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] waqtigii casriga ahaa (&quot;DAMS&quot;). Dagaalkii [[World War I|Koowaad ee Adduunka]] wuxuu u adeegay sidii markab ciidan, isagoo ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]] sanadkii 1915. Sanadkii 1917, markab quusiyaha Jarmalka ayaa ku quusiyay Badda Mediterranean-ka, halkaas oo ay ku dhinteen 610 qof oo saarnaa.

==Dhismaha==
[[Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant|Owen Philipps]] wuxuu noqday guddoomiyaha RMSP sanadkii 1903, wuxuuna si degdeg ah wax uga qabtay baahida shirkadda ee ah inay yeelato maraakiib waaweyn oo ku saabsan waddada Koonfurta Ameerika. RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka dalbatay [[Harland &amp; Wolff]], kuwaas oo ku dhisay slip lambar 7 ee South Yard ee [[Belfast]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.theyard.info/ships/ships.asp?entryid=367 |title=Aragon |work=Harland and Wolff |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam|Countess Fitzwilliam]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ayaa daah-furtay markabka 23 Febraayo 1905.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Harland and Wolff waxay dhammeeyeen markabka 22 Juun.&lt;ref name=SAS&gt;{{cite web |url= http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&amp;builder=&amp;ref=202327&amp;vessel=ARAGON |title=Aragon |work=Shipping and Shipbuilding |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=16 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Philipps wuxuu kala hadlay [[Charles Algernon Parsons|Charles Parsons]] suurtogalnimada isticmaalka [[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|mashiinka uumiga ee turbine-ka ah]], kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay markabkii ''[[Turbinia]]'' sanadkii 1894. Markabkii ugu horreeyay ee rakaabka ee ku shaqeeya turbine, {{ship|TS|King Edward}}, wuxuu adeegga bilaabay [[Firth of Clyde]] sanadkii 1901, laakiin Philipps wuxuu go'aansaday in loo baahan yahay hal sano oo kale oo qiimeyn ah si loo ogaado in iyo sida loo adeegsan karo qaabkan cusub ee tamarta uumiga ee maraakiibta ganacsiga.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=99}}

Sidaas darteed, ''Aragon'' waxaa lagu dhisay lammaane ka mid ah [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee quadruple-expansion]] ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Awooddooda la isku daray waxaa lagu qiyaasay 762,&lt;ref name=SAS/&gt; 827&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ama 875&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]. Waxay ku kaxeeyeen laba marwaxadood&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; oo siiyay xawaare dhan {{convert|15|kn|km/h}}.&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa hal dhuumo weyn oo dhexe ah.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Wuxuu lahaa 12 [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doonyaha badbaadada]] oo ku yaal sagxadda doonyaha, oo lagu daray [[dinghy]] iyo [[Captain's gig|gig]] gadaal.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} Qolka cuntada ee fasalka koowaad wuxuu lahaa saqaf alwaax ah oo lagu sharraxay sawirro [[Christopher Columbus]] ah oo helay Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://monkbarns.wordpress.com/tag/rms-aragon/ |last=Sivell |first=Jay |title=6. Great steamers white and gold |work=A sailor's life |publisher=[[WordPress]] |date=22 April 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon'' wuxuu lahaa shan qaybood oo xamuul ah, qaar ka mid ahna waa la qaboojiyay si loo qaado hilibka iyo miraha laga keeno Koonfurta Ameerika. Qaybta 5aad iyo heerar hoose ee qaybaha 1aad iyo 2aad waxay u shaqeeyeen xamuul qaboojiyey. Qalabka qaboojinta ee uumiga ku shaqeeya wuxuu isticmaalay &quot;[[Carbon dioxide|carbonic anhydride]]&quot; sidii qaboojiye, qaybahana waxaa lagu dahaaray &quot;[[Mineral wool|silicate cotton]]&quot;.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}} Bakhaaradeeda waxay qaadeen 2,000 oo tan oo dhuxul ah{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}} waxayna lahayd taangiyo biyo ah oo awooddoodu tahay qiyaastii 2,000 oo tan.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=104}}

RMSP waxay ''Aragon'' ka diiwaangelisay [[Belfast Harbour|Belfast]]. Lambarkeedii rasmiga ahaa ee UK wuxuu ahaa 120707, xarfaha koodhkuna waxay ahaayeen HCST.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen |year=1906 |title=Mercantile Navy List |page=23 |url= https://www.crewlist.org.uk/data/viewimages?name=Aragon&amp;year=1906&amp;steamsail=Steam&amp;submit=Enter |publisher=[[Board of Trade]] |via=Crew List Index Project |access-date=19 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Horumarinta A-series==
''Aragon'' waxaa ku xigay taxane maraakiib ah oo u dhigma laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah u weynaa oo u culusaa.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; Sanadkii 1906 Harland and Wolff waxay dhisteen maraakiibta mataanaha ah ee {{RMS|Amazon|1906|2}} iyo ''Avon'', halka deked kale oo Belfast ah, [[Workman, Clark and Company]], ay dhisteen ''Araguaya''. Harland and Wolff waxay ku dareen markab shanaad oo mataano ah, {{HMHS|Asturias||2}}, sanadkii 1908. RMSP waxay mid kasta oo ka mid ah taxanahan siisay magac ku bilaabma &quot;A&quot;, taasoo keentay in si caadi ah loogu yeero &quot;A-series&quot;&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ama &quot;A-liners&quot;.

Dhowr sano ka dib, afarta markab ee ugu dambeeyay ee taxanaha A ayaa ka yimid Harland and Wolff: ''Arlanza'' sanadkii 1912, ''Andes'' iyo {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}} sanadkii 1913 iyo ''Almanzora'' sanadkii 1915.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Marka laga reebo inay mar kale weynaadaan, waxay kaga duwanaayeen ''Aragon'' iyo afarteeda gabdhood ee ugu horreeyay iyagoo leh saddex marwaxadood halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen laba, iyo iyagoo isticmaalaya xoogaa turbine ah oo Phillips iyo Parsons ay ka wada hadleen dhowr sano ka hor. Laba marwaxadood oo dibadda ah ayaa lagu kaxeeyay [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|mashiinnada uumiga ee triple-expansion]]. Mashiinka uumiga ee cadaadiska hooseeya ayaa kaxeeyay marwaxadda dhexe ''via'' qalabka dhimista.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=101}}

==Adeegga rayidka==
Laga bilaabo 1850-yadii, maraakiibta rakaabka ee RMSP waxay u adeegi jireen waddo joogto ah oo u dhexeysa Britain iyo dekedaha [[Río de la Plata|River Plate]] ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Waxay ka dhoofeen [[Southampton]] ee koonfurta England, waxay joogsadeen jasiiradaha [[Madeira]] iyo [[Tenerife]] oo ku yaal xeebta [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]; [[Pernambuco]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador de Bahia]] iyo [[Rio de Janeiro]] oo ku yaal xeebta Brazil; ka dibna [[Montevideo]] oo ku yaal [[Uruguay]] ka hor intaysan dhammaystirin safarkooda [[Buenos Aires]] ee Argentina.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt; ''Aragon'' iyo gabdhaheeda waxay casriyeeyeen adeeggii RMSP ee Southampton – River Plate,&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt;&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; iyagoo beddelay maraakiibta sida RMS ''Atranto'' oo adeegga ku jiray laga bilaabo 1889 wixii ka dambeeyay.&lt;ref name=Trains/&gt;

Maraakiibta A-series waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen faa'iidada waddada. Sanadkii 1906 waxay samaysay afar safar oo ay ku tagtay oo ay uga soo laabatay Koonfurta Ameerika waxayna heshay faa'iido dhan £45,368.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=100}} Sanadkii 1908 waxay ku xirtay xeebta [[Isle of Wight]], laakiin marka laga reebo taas adeeggeeda rayidka wuxuu ahaa mid guud ahaan aan wax dhacdo ah lahayn.{{sfn|Nicol|2001|p=106}}

Sanadkii 1913 ''Aragon'' waxaa loo qalabaysay [[wireless telegraphy]], iyadoo ku shaqaynaysa hirarka 300 iyo 600 mitir. [[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]-keedu wuxuu ahaa MBN.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1913|page=245}}

==Markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah==
{{main|Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race}}
Laga bilaabo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya [[Great Powers|Awoodaha Weyn]] ee Yurub waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Anglo-German naval arms race]] oo khatar geliyay amniga maraakiibta ganacsiga. Laga bilaabo 1911, Sirdoonka Britain waxay ogaadeen in [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] ay si qarsoodi ah u hubaynayso qaar ka mid ah maraakiibteeda rakaabka, dawladda UK iyo [[British Admiralty|Admiralty-ga Britain]] waxay ka wada hadleen sida looga jawaabo.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=136}}

Dhamaadkii 1912, Admiralty-gu wuxuu go'aansaday inuu la jaanqaado siyaasadda Jarmalka iyadoo la hubaynayo qaar ka mid ah maraakiibta rakaabka ee Britain, iyadoo laga bilaabayo RMS ''Aragon''.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=139}} Waxaa loo qorsheeyay inay sidato qoryaha badda laga bilaabo Diseembar 1912, laakiin gudaha Dawladda Britain iyo Admiralty-ga waxaa ka jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan sida waddamada shisheeye iyo dekedaha ay uga falcelin doonaan.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Janaayo 1913 Rear Admiral [[Henry Hervey Campbell|Henry Campbell]] wuxuu ku taliyay in Admiralty-gu uu markab ganacsi u diro badda isagoo sita qoryo badda ah, laakiin aan lahayn rasaas, si loo tijaabiyo falcelinta dawladaha shisheeye.{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}} Shir uu guddoomiyay [[Francis Hopwood, 1st Baron Southborough|Sir Francis Hopwood]], [[Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty#Organisation|Civil Lord of the Admiralty]] ayaa isku raacay, Sir [[Eyre Crowe]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Haddii aysan waxba dhicin, waxaa laga yaabaa inay suurtagal noqoto oo fudud, muddo ka dib, in la saaro rasaas.&quot;''{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=141}}

25 Abriil 1913 ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Southampton iyadoo ah markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Britain ee [[Defensively equipped merchant ships#Anglo-German arms race|markab ganacsi oo leh hub difaac ah]] (DAMS), iyadoo sidata laba qori oo [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|QF]] {{convert|4.7|in|adj=on}} ah oo dhabarka kaga yaal.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Dawladaha, wargeysyada iyo dadweynaha waddamada Koonfurta Ameerika ee ''Aragon'' ay booqatay wax yar ayay dareemeen mana muujin wax walaac ah.&lt;ref name=Seligmann144/&gt; Waxaa jiray dhaliil ka timid qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha badda ee firfircoon iyo kuwa hawlgabka ah ee Britain{{sfn|Seligmann|2012|p=145}} laakiin siyaasadda way sii socotay. ''Aragon''{{'}}s markab mataano ah RMS ''Amazon'' ayaa loo sameeyay DAMS-kii xigay, bilooyinkii xigayna maraakiib kale oo RMSP &quot;A-liners&quot; ayaa la hubeeyay.&lt;ref name=Seligmann132/&gt; Waxaa ka mid ahaa markabkii dhawaan la dhisay ee {{RMS|Alcantara|1913|2}}, kaas oo Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka u adeegay sidii [[Armed merchantman#Auxiliary cruisers|markab ganacsi oo hubaysan]].

==Gallipoli==
Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka markabka waxaa loo qoondeeyay inuu noqdo [[Troopship|markab ciidan]] wuxuuna noqday HMT ''Aragon''. Wuxuu ka qaybqaatay [[Gallipoli Campaign]], kaas oo hal ilo-wareed uu sheegay inuu ku bilaabay inuu qaado Guutada 5aad, [[Hampshire Regiment]] iyo unugyada [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] si ay uga qaybqaataan ololaha Maarso 1915.&lt;ref name=Nicol117&gt;{{harvnb|Nicol|2001|p=117.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maadaama degitaanku aanu dhicin ilaa 25 Abriil, tani waxay u gudbi kartaa ciidamada ka guuraya UK una socda Bariga Mediterranean-ka si ay ugu diyaar garoobaan degitaanka. Waajibaadkeeda waxaa ka mid ahaa in ku dhawaad 1,500 oo qof oo dhaawac ah loo daadgureeyo [[Alexandria Port|Alexandria]] iyo Malta.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

8 Abriil ''Aragon'' waxay joogtay Alexandria halkaas oo ay ka qaadday Guutada 4aad, [[Worcestershire Regiment]] iyo Guutada 2aad, Hampshire Regiment.&lt;ref name=Worcs&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/bat_4_1915.php |last=Scully |first=Louis |title=4th Battalion Worcestershire Regiment – 1915 |work=The Worcestershire Regiment – The History of the Regiment 1694 – 1970 |date=2002–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.warmemorial.org.uk/ww1.php?p=38 |title=White, Frederick |work=Hurst War Memorial |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Labada guuto waxay ahaayeen unugyo ka tirsan [[88th Brigade (United Kingdom)|88th Brigade]], kuwaas oo qayb ka ah [[29th Division (United Kingdom)|29th Division]] lagu amray inay ka qaybqaataan [[Gallipoli Campaign#Landings|Gallipoli Landings]].&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt;

11 Abriil waxay ka dhooftay Alexandria waxayna u socotay jasiiradda Aegean ee [[Lemnos#Modern period|Lemnos]], halkaas oo maraakiibta Faransiiska iyo Britain ay ku urursanayeen dekedda weyn ee dabiiciga ah ee [[Moudros]] si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan degitaanka ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref name=Worcs/&gt;&lt;ref name=Hurst/&gt; 13 Abriil 1915 ciidamadii ''Aragon'' ayaa u wareegay markabkii xamuulka ee {{SS|River Clyde}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan [[landing at Cape Helles]] 10 maalmood ka dib.

Goor dambe oo ka tirsan [[Gallipoli Campaign]] xafiiska boostada ee [[British Forces Post Office]], Base Army Post Office Y, ayaa ka wareegay {{SS|Arcadian||2}}, oo ahaa markab kale oo ciidan, una wareegay ''Aragon''.&lt;ref name=FPHS&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.forcespostalhistorysociety.org.uk/society/meetings-archive/2012/july-2012.html |title=Report of the Meeting of 20th – 22nd July 2012 York Weekend 60th Anniversary Conference |publisher=Forces Postal History Society |date=July 2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 |archive-date=18 Bisha Sideedaad 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818164234/http://forcespostalhistorysociety.org.uk/society/meetings-archive/2012/july-2012.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; BAPO Y ayaa markii dambe ka guurtay ''Aragon'' una guurtay saldhig dhulka ah oo ku yaal Moudros.&lt;ref name=FPHS/&gt;

Duulaanku wuxuu ahaa guuldarro qaali ah, bishii Janaayo 1916 ciidamada Faransiiska iyo Britain waxay [[Gallipoli Campaign#Evacuation|ka baxeen gacanka Gallipoli]]. 13 Febraayo ''Aragon'' waxay ka dhooftay Moudros waxayna u socotay Malta, iyadoo qaadaysa ciidamo fasax ku jiray oo ay ku jiraan afar sarkaal iyo 270 nin oo ka tirsan [[63rd (Royal Naval) Division]] (RND).&lt;ref name=Clegg1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary001.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=1st Royal Marine Battalion (aka 1st Bn. RMLI) War Diaries: May 1916 to Jan. 1919 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 |archive-date=18 Bisha Afraad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418025110/http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary001.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

14 May ''Aragon'' waxay mar kale joogtay Moudros si ay u soo saarto ciidamo; markan oo ay ku jiraan Guutada 1aad ee [[Royal Marines]]&lt;ref name=Clegg2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary002.htm |last=Clegg |first=Jack |title=Royal Naval Division War Diary Jan. to May 1916 |work=The Campaign for War Grave Commemorations |date=2000–2012 |accessdate=9 April 2013 |archive-date=4 Bisha Saddexaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073232/http://www.jackclegg3.webspace.virginmedia.com/RNDdiary002.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xubno ka tirsan [[2nd (Royal Naval) Brigade]].&lt;ref name=Clegg1/&gt; Waxay gaartay [[Marseille-Fos Port|Marseille]] ee koonfurta France saacadda markay ahayd 0630 19 May.&lt;ref name=Clegg2/&gt;

Goor dambe oo 1916 ''Aragon'' waxay ka adeegtay [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. Diseembar 1916 waxay ka dhooftay [[Kilindini Harbour]] oo ku taal British [[East Africa Protectorate]], waxayna gaartay [[Durban]] maalinta Christmas-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://samilitaryhistory.org/diaries/edkins.html |last=Grice |first=Rob |title=East London's Edkins brothers in WWI |publisher=The South African Military History Society |date=September 2009 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Alexandria Roads==
Dhamaadkii 1917 ''Aragon'' waxay laba toddobaad ku qaadatay xiritaan xeebta Marseille ka hor intaysan qaadan amarro Diseembar inay u dhoofaan [[Sultanate of Egypt|Egypt]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Waxay qaadday ku dhawaad 2,200 oo ciidan&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; si ay u xoojiyaan [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] ee [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign#Southern Palestine Offensive|Palestine Campaign]] ee ka dhanka ah [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta]], oo lagu daray qiyaastii 150 sarkaal oo ciidan ah, 160 [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]s iyo qiyaastii 2,500 oo boorso oo Christmas-ka ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Iyada iyo gaadiid kale, ''Nile'', ayaa markaas ku dhoofay [[Convoys in World War I|convoy]] iyadoo ay weheliyaan ilaalada [[destroyer]]s&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ee Egypt. 23 Diseembar&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay gaareen Windy Bay, [[Malta]], halkaas oo labada gaadiid ay ku sugnaayeen xiritaan muddo afar&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama shan&lt;ref name=Jones&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.warpoetry.co.uk/Maureen_Jones.html |last=Jones |first=Maureen |title=Poems of the First World War |publisher=The War Poetry Web Site |date=November 2007 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; maalmood. Halkaas ayay ku xuseen Christmas-ka, marka loo eego mid ka mid ah VAD-yada kuwa saarnaa ''Aragon'' waxay heleen waqti &quot;top hole&quot; ah.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911).jpg|thumb|{{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}}]]
''Aragon'' iyo ''Nile'' ayaa markaas u sii waday Egypt iyagoo wata ilaalo cusub: {{sclass|Acheron|destroyer}} {{HMS|Attack|1911|6}} oo lagu daray laba [[Imperial Japanese Navy#World War I|Imperial Japanese Navy]] destroyers.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; Convoy-gu wuxuu la kulmay duufaan,&lt;ref name=MacD&gt;{{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xeebta Egypt markay waagu baryay Axaddii 30 Diseembar ayay qaybsantay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Labadii Japanese destroyers waxay u kaxeeyeen ''Nile'' [[Port Said]], halka ''Attack'' ay u kaxeysay ''Aragon'' Alexandria.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markay u dhowaadeen dekedda ''Attack'' waxay u socotay si zigzag ah si ay u raadiso [[Naval mine|miinooyin]] halka ''Aragon'' ay ku sugaysay Alexandria Roads.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Markabka [[Naval trawler#United Kingdom|armed trawler]] {{HMT|Points Castle}} ayaa u soo dhawaaday ''Aragon'' isagoo wata calaamadda calanka caalamiga ah &quot;I raac&quot;. Markabkii ciidanka ayaa sidaas sameeyay, ilaa ''Attack'' ay ka soo laabato oo ay calaamad u dirtay &quot;Ma lihid xaqa aad uga qaadato amarro markab trawler ah&quot;.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt; Destroyer-ku wuxuu dhexgalay ''Points Castle'' ka dibna wuxuu amray ''Aragon'' inay ku laabato badda.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka ayaa adeecay oo u soo jeestay badda.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;

Sarkaalkii ugu sarreeyay ee ''Aragon'' ee ka badbaaday wixii dhacay ayaa isku dayay inuu dareen u yeesho jahwareerka:
&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Sharaxaadda kaliya ee qoraagu uu soo bandhigi karo waa in taliyaha ''Attack'' uu haystay digniin ku saabsan miinooyinka kanaalka, taas oo ku qasabtay inuu amro ''Aragon'' inay iska indhatirto ''Points Castle'' ''I raac''. Sida muuqata cadowgu waxay dhigeen miinooyin waqtigii habboonaa iyagoo og in markabka dibadda lagu hayn doono sidaas darteedna uu noqon doono bartilmaameedka weerarka torbiitada.&quot;''&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

''Aragon'' iyo ''Attack'' waxay ku sugnaayeen Alexandria Roads&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Uboat.net |id=402.html |name=Aragon |type=1ship |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; qiyaastii {{convert|8|mi|0}}&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ama {{convert|10|mi|0}} banaanka dekedda, iyagoo sugaya ogolaansho inay galaan, markii qiyaastii 1100 saacadood&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; [[German Type UC II submarine]] {{SMU|UC-34}} ay ku weerartay torbiito ''Aragon'',&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; ku dhufatay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Port (left)|bidix]] [[aft|gadaal]]&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt; waxayna keentay burbur baahsan oo ku yimid qaybteeda 4aad ee xamuulka oo ku dhowaad madhan.&lt;ref name=Nicol117/&gt;&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ''Aragon''{{'}}s sarkaal [[Deck department|deck]] ee [[Watchstanding|watch]], Lieut. J.F.A. Thompson, wuxuu sheegay inay markaas u janjeertay dhinaca [[Port and starboard#Starboard (right)|midig]].&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

===Badbaadinta===
{{Rquote|right|Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]].|A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' iyo ''Points Castle'' ayaa u yimid badbaadinta.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; Hal xisaab ayaa sheegaysa in laba trawlers ay joogeen.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; VADs waxaa lagu amray inay galaan doonyaha badbaadada ee ugu horreeya ee la bilaabo.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt;&lt;ref name=Star&gt;{{cite news |title=Last Song on Doomed Ship |newspaper=[[The Northern Star]] |location=[[Lismore, New South Wales]] |date=8 April 1918 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba ama saddex ka mid ah VADs ayaa ka mudaaharaaday in la siiyo mudnaan mid ka mid ahna waxay ku bariday ''&quot;Aan qaadanno fursaddeenna annagoo la jirna [[Tommy Atkins|Tommies]]&quot;'' ka hor intaysan dhammaantood adeecin amarrada.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Doonyaha VADs waxay badbaadiyeen qaar ka mid ah ciidamadii biyaha ku jiray&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ka dibna u wareejiyeen badbaadayaashooda mid&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; ama laba&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; trawlers. ''Aragon'' waxay sii daysay [[Lifeboat (shipboard)#Liferaft versus lifeboat|doonyaha badbaadada]]&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; laakiin qaraxu wuxuu burburiyay mid ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; iyo janjeerkeeda sii kordhaya waxay ka hor istaagtay shaqaalaheeda inay bilaabaan qaar ka mid ah inta hartay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' waxay shaqeeyeen ilaa ay dhexda ugu jireen biyaha si ay u bilaabaan doonyaha ay awoodaan.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan maqlay heesta ''[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]'' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg.|Qof badbaaday|oo laga soo xigtay ''[[The Northern Star]]'', 8 Abriil 1918}}
''Attack'' waxay si sax ah u barbar dhigtay ''Aragon'' si ay u qaaddo badbaadayaasha si dhakhso ah intii suurtagal ah,&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; iyadoo la kaashanayo xarigga u dhexeeya labada markab.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Markabkii ciidanka wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu degay gadaasha. In ka badan hal qof oo badbaaday ayaa sheegay in askartii ku sugayay sagxadda si loo badbaadiyo ay bilaabeen heeso.&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; Mid ayaa yiri ''&quot;Waxaan maqlay heesta '[[Keep the Home Fires Burning (1914 song)|Keep the Home Fires Burning]]' munaasabado badan laakiin uma maleynayo inaan waligey maqlay iyadoo lagu siiyay awood intaas le'eg&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

Hadda waxaa jiray tirada sii kordhaysa ee ragga biyaha ku jira, iyo [[Trooper (rank)|trooper]] James Werner Magnusson ee [[New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade#World War I formation|New Zealand Mounted Rifles]] wuxuu arkay askari dhaawac ah oo ku dhibtoonaya badda aad u qallafsan.&lt;ref name=Gazette&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30565/pages/2990 |title=Board of Trade, Whitehall Gardens, 7th March, 1918 |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=229 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu ka booday markabka, wuxuu badbaadiyay ninkii wuxuuna geliyay doon.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Magnusson ka dib wuxuu ku soo laabtay markabka, wuxuu dib ugu biiray unuggiisa, wuxuuna la degay markabka.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt; Waxaa loo abaalmariyay abaalmarinta [[Albert Medal (lifesaving)|Albert Medal]].&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt;

Qabyo [[3rd (Reserve) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)]] loo diray inay xoojiyaan [[10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs (East Kent Regiment)|10th (Royal East Kent and West Kent Yeomanry) Battalion, Buffs]], ayaa ku guulaystay ammaan sare anshaxooda. Marka hore, Lance-Sergeant Canfor (oo isaga laftiisu dhaawacay qaraxu) ayaa wacay roll-ka, ka dibna ragga waxaa loo qoondeeyay inay gooyaan doonyaha badbaadada inta kale ay heesayeen. Markii doonyaha badbaadada la bilaabay Lance-Corporal Baker ayaa iskiis u soo bandhigay inuu ka boodo biyaha si uu u sugo doon badbaado oo ka fogaanaysa, taasoo xaqiijinaysa badbaadada ku dhawaad 20 nin. Qabyada intiisa kale waxay galeen biyaha waxayna ku dhegeen doonyaha badbaadada muddo laba saacadood iyo bar ah, iyagoo heesaya oo ku dhiirigelinaya dadaallada badbaadinta. Hal nin oo keliya oo ka tirsan qabyada ayaa lumay.&lt;ref&gt;Moody, pp. 64–5.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Rquote|right|Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada.&lt;br&gt;A [[Voluntary Aid Detachment|VAD]]|oo laga soo xigtay {{harvnb|MacDonald|1984|pp=230–231}}}}
Qiyaastii 15 daqiiqo&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; ka dib markii torbiito ay ku dhufatay ''Aragon'', [[Master mariner|Master]]-keeda, Captain Bateman, wuxuu amar ka bixiyay [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]]-keeda ''&quot;Ninkii ha is badbaadiyo&quot;''.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Kuwii haray waxay u carareen inay ka baxaan dhinaceeda,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo qaansadeeda ayaa ka kacday badda markii askartu ay u soo degayeen dhinaceeda biyaha.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Mid ka mid ah VADs oo badbaaday ayaa markii dambe diiwaangeliyay ''&quot;Waxaan dareennay in dhammaan saaxiibadeen ay ku degayaan hortayada&quot;''.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Qiyaastii 17&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; ilaa 20 daqiiqo ka dib markii lagu dhuftay ''Aragon'' way degtay, waxayna la kulantay qarax labaad markii biyaha badda ee qabow ay gaareen kariyayaasheeda kulul.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah doonyaha badbaadada ayaa lagu reebay biyaha.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt;

[[File:VCErnestGeorgeHorlock(orHarlock).jpg|thumb|[[Cigarette card]] sawirka [[Company Sergeant Major|BSM]] [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]], oo ka mid ahaa boqollaal askar oo la dilay markii ''Aragon'' la quusiyay]]
''Attack'' hadda waxay ahayd dad aad u badan oo leh 300 ilaa 400 oo badbaadayaal ah:&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; qaar qaawan, qaar dhaawac ah, qaar badan oo miyir la'aan ah oo dhimanaya.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Hal askari, Sergeant Harold Riddlesworth oo ka tirsan [[Cheshire Regiment]], ayaa marar badan ka booday destroyer-ka una booday badda si uu u badbaadiyo badbaadayaal kale.&lt;ref name=Express&gt;{{cite news |title=Amazing tale of 'luckiest soldier' |newspaper=Macclesfield Express |url=http://menmedia.co.uk/macclesfieldexpress/news/s/1438702_amazing-tale-of-luckiest-soldier |date=20 July 2011 |accessdate=9 April 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wuu badbaaday waxaana lagu sharraxay [[Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)|Meritorious Service Medal]].&lt;ref name=Express/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30652/supplements/5037 |title=His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the Meritorious Service Medal to the undermentioned. |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |date=8 March 1918 |page=5037 |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:HMS Attack (1911) sinking.jpg|thumb|upright|HMS ''Attack'' oo degaysa]]
Markaas torbiito ayaa ku dhufatay ''Attack'' dhexda waxayna u qarxisay laba qaybood,&lt;ref name=Jones/&gt; labaduba waxay degtay shan ilaa toddobo daqiiqo.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Qaraxu wuxuu dillaaciyay bakhaarada ''Attack'', wuxuuna ku daadiyay boqollaal tan oo [[Fuel oil#Bunker fuel|bunker fuel]] saliid madow oo qaro weyn badda markay degtay.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal rag ah ayaa biyaha ku jiray, qaar badan oo ka mid ahna waxay noqdeen kuwo saliidda lagu daboolay ama uu qiiqeeda ka adkaaday.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

Doonyaha badbaadada ee ''Aragon'' ee badbaaday ayaa hadda boqollaal badbaadayaal ah u qaaday trawlers, halkaas oo VADs ''&quot;ay u shaqeeyeen si aan kala joogsi lahayn oo geesinimo weyn leh&quot;'' si ay u daryeelaan dadka badan ee dhaawacmay.&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; Trawlers kale ayaa u soo baxay si ay u caawiyaan,&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; iyo trawler-kii ugu horreeyay ama trawlers-ka&lt;ref name=MNO/&gt; waxay ku soo laabteen dekedda si ay u badbaadaan.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt;

===Dhimashada iyo badbaadayaasha===
Kuwii saarnaa ''Aragon'', 610 ayaa la dilay&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; oo ay ku jiraan Captain Bateman, 19 ka mid ah shaqaalihiisa,&lt;ref name=Wreck/&gt; iyo lix ka mid ah VADs.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; Boqollaal askar ayaa la dilay. Mid ka mid ah wuxuu ahaa [[Ernest George Horlock|Ernest Horlock]], a [[Royal Field Artillery]] [[Company Sergeant Major|Battery Sergeant Major]] oo helay [[Victoria Cross|VC]] &quot;geesinimo muuqata&quot; oo lagu muujiyay [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] sanadkii 1914.&lt;ref name=MacD/&gt; [[Private (rank)|Private]] [[Fred J. Barnes]], askari ka tirsan [[Essex Regiment]] oo ka shaqayn jiray qoraaga heesaha ka hor dagaalka, ayaa sidoo kale dhintay.&lt;ref name=&quot;CWGC&quot;&gt;{{CWGC|id=475872|name=F J Barnes|access-date=16 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Airman 2nd Class Alfred Moore oo dhintay isagoo jira 22 sano oo ka yimid Lower Edmonton, London. 25 kale oo ka mid ah kuwii la dilay waxay ahaayeen askar cusub oo ka tirsan Guutada 5aad ee [[Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment#The Bedfordshire Regiment (1881 to 1919)|Bedfordshire Regiment]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/5thbn/ssaragon.html |last=Fuller |first=Steven |title=The sinking of the S.S. Aragon, 30th December 1917 |work=The Bedfordshire Regiment in the Great War |date=2003–2013 |accessdate=9 April 2013 |archive-date=3 Bisha Afraad 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403133511/http://www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/5thbn/ssaragon.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Askar ku dhintay degitaanka ayaa ka mid ah kuwa lagu xusuusto Chatby Memorial ee degmada [[Shatby]] ee bari Alexandria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/142020/CHATBY%20MEMORIAL |title=Chatby Memorial |work=Cemetery details |publisher=[[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] |accessdate=9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Aragon''{{'}}s [[Second mate|sarkaalkii labaad]] wuxuu ka mid ahaa badbaadayaasha.&lt;ref name=Indarra&gt;{{harvnb|Thompson|1918|pp=20–21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bil ka dib wuxuu u sheegay Master-ka markab ciidan oo Australian ah, markabkii la beddelay [[Australian United Steam Navigation Company|AUSNC]] [[SS Indarra|HMAT ''Indarra'']], in markii ''Aragon'' ay degtay Captain Bateman uu ka qayliyay buundooyinkiisa ilaa taliyaha ''Attack'' inuu dalban doono baaritaan ku saabsan markabkiisa oo lagu amray inuu ka baxo dekedda.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt; Bateman ka dib wuxuu ka booday badda mana la arkin mar dambe.&lt;ref name=Indarra/&gt;

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah badbaadayaashii shaqaalaha ''Aragon'' ayaa dib loogu celiyay England, iyagoo gaaray Southampton 10 Febraayo 1918.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt; Qaar waxay u safreen dhammaan habka markab uumi ah, laakiin inta badan waxay u safreen dhulka.&lt;ref name=Star/&gt;

==Burbur==
{{location map |Egypt |width= |lat= 31.3 |long= 29.8 |caption=Meesha qiyaas ahaan ee burburka ''Aragon'' |relief= yes}}
''Aragon'' wuxuu weli yahay burbur ka baxsan xeebta Egypt, isagoo ku yaal qiyaastii {{convert|40|m}} oo biyo ah.&lt;ref name=SoE/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Ilaha iyo akhris dheeraad ah==
*{{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Lyn |author-link=Lyn MacDonald |orig-year=1980 |year=1984 |edition=2nd |title=The Roses of No Man's Land |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Papermac]] |isbn=014017866X}}
*{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1913 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The St Katherine Press}}
* Col R.S.H. Moody, ''Historical Records of The Buffs, East Kent Regiment, 1914–1919'', London: Medici Society, 1922/Uckfield, Naval &amp; Military Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-84342395-9.
*{{cite book |last=Nicol |first=Stuart |year=2001 |title=MacQueen's Legacy; Ships of the Royal Mail Line |volume=Two |place=Brimscombe Port and Charleston, SC |publisher=[[The History Press|Tempus Publishing]] |isbn=0-7524-2119-0 |pages=101–105, 117–118}}
*{{cite book |last=Seligmann |first=Matthew S |year=2012 |title=The Royal Navy and the German Threat 1901 – 1914: Admiralty Plans to Protect British Trade in a War Against Germany |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-957403-2 |page=132}}
*{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=JEM |date=13 October 1917 – 29 October 1918 |title=Diary |work=Manuscripts, oral history &amp; pictures |publisher=[[State Library of New South Wales]] |id=MLMSS 2889/Item 1 }}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category|Aragon (ship, 1905)}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlH9DCNcwpw&amp;ab_channel=OceanicSteamNavigationCompany RMS ''Aragon'' Fiidiyow gaaban oo leh sawirro badan oo gudaha markabka ah]
* {{cite web |url= http://www.jrawl.co.uk/pugh.htm |last=Rawlins |first=John |title=John Pugh |work=Machen First World War Memorial Site}} – xusuus u ah [[Royal Engineers]] [[sapper]], oo lagu sharraxay sawirrada [[Imperial War Museum]] ee ''Aragon'' adeegga iyo degitaanka
* {{cite web |url= http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/cats/hamilton/h0-0704.htm |title=HAMILTON: 7/4/1-42 Instructions, reports, orders of battle, staff diary and related papers of General Headquarters, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 1915 |work=Catalogues |publisher=[[King's College London]] }} – buugga dukumentiyada milatariga oo taariikhaysan 9 Luulyo 1915 ilaa 8 May 1916 oo ku saabsan ''Aragon''{{'}}s qayb ka mid ah [[Gallipoli Campaign]].

{{coord|31|18|N|29|48|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aragon, HMT}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Burburka Doonta Dalxiiska Badda Cas ee 2024</title>
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      <text bytes="18170" sha1="4bxq4mls561cayojgs3v5lp2c9vmtov" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox event
| name = Musiibadii markabkii dalxiiska ee Badda Cas 2024
| date = 24 Noofambar 2024
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|55|59|N|35|34|17|E|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| time = inta u dhaxaysa 02:00 iyo 03:00 subaxnimo
| timezone = [[GMT]]
| cause = [[Kadaadinta/Quusitaanka]]
| participants = 46
| deaths = 11
| missing = 7
}}

25 Noofambar 2024, markabkii dalxiiska ee ''Sea Story'' ayaa ku quusay [[Badda Cas]]. Isla markii ay musiibadu dhacday, lix iyo toban qof ayaa la xaqiijiyay inay maqan yihiin, kuwaas oo ay ku jireen laba iyo toban ajaaniib ah iyo afar Masriyiin ah, halka 28 kalena la badbaadiyay. Dadkii badbaaday ayaa laga helay aagga [[Wadi El Gemal National Park|Wadi El Gemal]] ee badda. Markabka dagaalka ee {{ENS|El Fateh||2}} oo ka tirsan [[Ciidanka Badda ee Masar]] ayaa gacan ka gaystay hawlgalka badbaadinta.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCNov24&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Khalil |first1=Hafsa |last2=Gritten |first2=David |date=24 Noofambar 2024 |title=Seventeen missing after Red Sea tourist boat sinks |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cm2m7z9xpndo |accessdate=25 Noofambar 2024 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maalintii xigtay, afar qof ayaa meydkooda la helay, halka tirada dadka maqan hoos loogu dhigay todobo ka dib markii shan qof oo kale oo nool la helay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=26 Noofambar 2024 |title=Four bodies recovered from capsized tourist boat in Red Sea with nine missing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/26/bodies-recovered-from-capsized-tourist-boat-in-red-sea |work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabka ayaa siday 30 dalxiisayaal ah oo ka kala yimid [[Boqortooyada Midowday ee Britain|Britain]], [[Maraykanka]], [[Shiinaha]], [[Finland]], [[Poland]], [[Jarmalka]], [[Switzerland]], [[Belgium]], [[Norway]], [[Slovakia]] iyo [[Spain]], iyo sidoo kale 12 shaqaale ah iyo 4 hagayaal quusid ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBCNov24&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |agency=Associated Press |date=2024-11-25 |title=Egyptian authorities say 17 people missing after tourist boat sinks in Red Sea |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/25/middleeast/red-sea-egypt-missing-people-boat-sinking-intl-scli/index.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

19 May 2025, maamulka Masar ayaa si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqay in dhammaan todobadii qof ee ka maqnaa dhacdada, oo ay ku jiraan shan dalxiisayaal ajaaniib ah (laba British ah, laba Polish ah, iyo hal Jarmal ah) iyo laba Masriyiin ah, ay dhinteen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=Egypt says seven people, including two Brits, dead in November’s tourist boat tragedy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/egypt-sea-story-sinking-deaths-sataya-b2753877.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=The Independent |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalka ==
Xeebta [[Badda Cas]] waa goob dalxiis oo weyn oo ku taal Masar; si kastaba ha ahaatee, tobanaan maraakiibta quusitaanka ah ayaa maalin kasta ka hawlgala xeebaha iyada oo aan si buuxda loo hirgelin xeerarka badbaadada. Horaantii Noofambar 2024, 30 qof ayaa laga badbaadiyay markab quusaya oo u dhow [[Daedalus Reef|Daedalus reef]]; bishii Juun 2024 24 dalxiisayaal [[Faransiis|French]] ah ayaa la daadgureeyay ka hor intaanu markabku quusin, sanadkii 2023-kiina saddex dalxiisayaal [[British|British]] ah ayaa dhintay ka dib markii dab ka kacay markabkoodii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Warbixin ka soo baxday Maritime Survey International bishii Maarso 2024 oo lagu baarayay maraakiibta quusitaanka ee Badda Cas ayaa lagu ogaaday in mid ka mid ah maraakiibta la baaray aysan lahayn &quot;nidaam dayactir oo qorshaysan, nidaam maareynta badbaadada ama buugaag xasillooni&quot; waxayna ku soo gabagabeeyeen in warshaduhu &quot;ay ganacsigooda u wadaan si aan nidaamsanayn&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dive Liveaboard And Safari Vessel Surveys |url=https://maritimesurveyinternational.com/vessel-surveys/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Maritime Survey International (MSI) |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Markabka ===
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image = 
 | image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | name = M/Y ''Sea Story''
 | country = {{Flag|Egypt|2024}}
 | launched = 2022
 | out_of_service = 25 Noofambar 2024
 | fate = [[Kadaadinta/Quusitaanka|Quusay]]
 | operator = Dive Pro Liveaboard
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | class = [[Motor yacht]]
 | length = {{convert|44|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | decks = 4
 | speed = {{convert|20|kn|lk=in|abbr=on}} xawaaraha ugu sarreeya, {{convert|14|kn|lk=in|abbr=on}} xawaaraha safarka
 | capacity = 36 rakaab ah 18 qol
 | crew = 12
}}
}}{{external media
| float  = right
| width  = 
| image2 = [https://e3.365dm.com/24/11/2048x1152/skynews-sea-story-boat_6757531.jpg?20241125124104 Sawirka markabka]
}}
M/Y ''Sea Story'' wuxuu ahaa markab yacht ah oo afar dabaq ah oo alwaax laga dhisay 2022. Isaga oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|44|m|ft|abbr=on}} iyo ballaciisuna yahay {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}}, waxaa loogu talagalay inuu qaado 36 rakaab ah iyo 12 xubnood oo shaqaale ah, oo ay ku jiraan kabtan, injineer makaanik, laba cunto kariye, laba adeegayaal, iyo lix badmaax. Waxa uu ku qalabaysnaa saddex matoor koronto (generators), nidaamka quusitaanka ee Nitrox, iyo saddex kombaresarada Coltri. Laba doonyood oo xawaare sare ku socda (Zodiac), oo cabbirkoodu yahay {{convert|6.5|iyo|5.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} oo leh matoorada dibadda (outboard motors) ee {{convert|100|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} iyo {{convert|40|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}}, ayaa taageerayay hawlaha quusitaanka. Adeegyada yacht-ka waxaa ka mid ahaa 18 qol oo leh qaboojiye iyo musqulo, oo ay ku jiraan afar qol oo loogu talagalay lammaanaha cusub, qol fadhi oo leh baar iyo nidaam madadaalo, iyo meel gooni ah oo wax lagu cuno.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M/Y SEA STORY - Dive Pro Liveaboard |url=https://diveproliveaboard.com/fleet/m-y-sea-story/ |access-date=Noofambar 27, 2024 |publisher=Dive Pro Liveaboard |language=en |archive-date=Noofambar 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125140422/https://diveproliveaboard.com/fleet/m-y-sea-story/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M/Y Sea Story Reviews &amp; Specials - Bluewater Dive Travel |date=18 Noofambar 2024 |url=https://www.bluewaterdivetravel.com/my-sea-story |access-date=Noofambar 27, 2024 |publisher=Bluewater Dive Travel |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Quusitaanka ==
''Sea Story'' wuxuu ka dhoofay Port Ghalib oo u dhow [[Marsa Alam]] 23 Noofambar safar quusitaan oo todobo maalmood ah, wuxuuna ku ballansanaa inuu ku xirto 29 Noofambar [[Hurghada]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title=Egypt says 17 missing after Red Sea tourist boat capsizes |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241125-egypt-says-17-missing-after-red-sea-tourist-boat-capsizes |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=France 24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay'adda Saadaasha Hawada ee Masar ayaa ka digtay hirar dhaadheer oo la filayo 24 iyo 25 Noofambar waxayna kula talisay in aan la samayn wax hawlo badda ah labadaas maalmood.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shawkat |first=Ahmed |date=2024-11-25 |title=Egypt tour boat sinks on Red Sea diving trip, leaving 17 people missing - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-tour-boat-sinks-in-red-sea-on-diving-trip-leaving-17-people-missing/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida uu sheegay Amr Hanafi, guddoomiyaha Badda Cas, hir weyn ayaa ku dhuftay markabka taas oo keentay inuu kadaado oo quuso {{convert|46|nmi|km mi|abbr=on}} ka fog xeebta Marsa Alam muddo 5-7 daqiiqo gudahood ah, ka hor inta uusan ku nasan inta badan biyaha hoostooda qiyaastii {{convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} hoosta heerka biyaha, iyadoo qiyaastii {{convert|0.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} ay ka sarreyso heerka biyaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 Noofambar 2024 |title=Family of British couple missing in Red Sea yacht sinking say they are in 'disbelief' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/red-sea-yacht-sea-story-jenny-cawson-tariq-sinada-b2656679.html# |access-date=2 Diseembar 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 Noofambar 2024 |title=Egypt says over a dozen missing after Red Sea tourist boat capsizes |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/11/egypt-says-over-dozen-missing-after-red-sea-tourist-boat-capsizes |access-date=25 Noofambar 2024 |publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sheegashada ku saabsan hirka weyn waxaa diiday dadkii ka badbaaday dhacdada iyo khabiir ku takhasusay cilmiga badda, Dr. S. Boxhall oo ka tirsan [[University of Southampton]]. Waxa uu sheegay in hirarku ay u badnaayeen kaliya {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Red Sea tourist boat sinking: Survivors tell BBC of terrifying escapes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp3z0k72yw3o |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.bbc.com |date=14 Janaayo 2025 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabku wuxuu kadaaday inta u dhaxaysa 02:00 iyo 3:00 subaxnimo, halka calaamaddii ugu horreysay ee gurmadka aysan soo gaarin xarunta kontoroolka Badda Cas ilaa 5:30 subaxnimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shawkat |first=Ahmed |date=2024-11-26 |title=8 still missing, search continues after Egypt tour boat sinks on Red Sea diving trip - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-tour-boat-sinks-in-red-sea-on-diving-trip-leaving-17-people-missing/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hawlgalka gurmadka ==
28 qof ayaa la badbaadiyay maalintii uu markabku quusay, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay saacado ku maqnaayeen badda ka hor intaanay helin maraakiibta gurmadku.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Croft |first=Alex |date=2024-11-27 |title=Egypt tourist boat latest: Diver reveals survivors pulled from cabins 40 feet underwater on sunken yacht |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/egypt-tourist-boat-sinks-red-sea-missing-bodies-sea-story-yacht-b2654355.html |access-date=2024-11-27 |work=The Independent |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaar ka mid ah dadkii badbaaday ayaa loo daadgureeyay xarumaha caafimaadka, halka kuwa kalena lagu caawiyay maraakiibta ilaa ay markab dagaal keentay xeebta. Guddoomiyaha Badda Cas Major General Amr Hanafi ayaa tilmaamay in diyaaradaha militariga iyo cutubyada badda ay weli raadinayeen maalintii badbaadinta dadkii aan la helin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waqtigan, shan ka mid ah dadkii badbaaday ayaa ku xayirnaa godad hawo oo ku dhex yaalla markabka quusay muddo 35 saacadood ah ka hor intaanay badbaadin quusayaal rayid ah oo tabarucayaal ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Red Sea tourist boat sinking: Survivors tell BBC of terrifying escapes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp3z0k72yw3o |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=www.bbc.com |date=14 Janaayo 2025 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Schweizer Überlebender erzählt seine Geschichte nach Bootsunglück in Ägypten |url=https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/schweizer-tourist-in-aegypten-nach-bootsunglueck-ich-denke-immer-noch-hauptsache-ueberleben |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalintii xigtay quusitaankii waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in shan qof – laba Belgian ah, hal Masriyiin ah, hal Finnish ah iyo hal qof oo Swiss ah – lagu helay iyagoo nool halka afar kalena meydkooda la helay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-17 |title=Egypt tourist boat: The story of the fateful Sea Story voyage into the Red Sea {{!}} The Independent |website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/egypt-red-sea-tourist-boat-sinks-b2656758.html |access-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217185658/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/egypt-red-sea-tourist-boat-sinks-b2656758.html |archive-date=17 Diseembar 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkasta oo maamulku aysan xaqiijin dhalashada dalxiisayaasha, safaaradda Shiinaha ayaa soo warisay in laba ka mid ah muwaadiniintooda la badbaadiyay; wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee Finland ayaa sheegtay in mid ka mid ah muwaadiniintooda uu maqan yahay; wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee Poland-na waxay xaqiijisay in laba ka mid ah dalxiisayaasha laga yaabo inay haysteen dhalashada Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

2 Diseembar 2024, baadi-goobka lagu raadinayay todobada qof ee maqan ayaa la joojiyay, laakiin ma jirin xaqiijin rasmi ah oo ka timid ilaalada xeebaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Seaman |first=Molly |date=2 Diseembar 2024 |title=Search 'called off' for South West couple missing in Red Sea after yacht sank |url=https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/news/local-news/search-called-off-south-west-9762203 |access-date=2 Diseembar 2024 |publisher=[[SomersetLive]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cilladaha Badbaadada ==
Hawlgalkii badbaadinta ayaa shaaca ka qaaday cillado waaweyn oo ku saabsan qalabka badbaadada markabka iyo jawaabta degdegga ah. Inkasta oo dadkii badbaaday ay gaareen doonyaha badbaadada, waxay ogaadeen inaysan lahayn sahaydii degdegga ahayd ee lagu ballanqaaday warbixinnada badbaadada, oo ay ku jiraan cunto, biyo, iyo qalab nalka oo shaqaynaya. Jaakadaha badbaadada (life jackets) kuma qalabaysnayn nalka badbaadada ee shaqaynaya, taas oo muhiim u ahayd aragga habeenkii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Taasina waxay la socotay dib-u-eegista macaamiishii hore ee ka caban jiray heerarka iyo qalabka badbaadada ee maraakiibta ay leedahay shirkaddii lahayd ''Sea Story''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kloosterman |first=Karin |date=2024-12-01 |title=Egypt dive boat sank because it wasn't built for open water, sources claim - Green Prophet |url=https://www.greenprophet.com/2024/12/egypt-dive-boat-sank-because-it-wasnt-built-for-open-water/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida ay sheegeen saraakiishu, markabka ayaa la baaray Maarso 2024 mana jirin wax dhibaato ah oo la helay, waxaana uu helay shati hal sano ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shawkat |first=Ahmed |date=2024-11-26 |title=8 still missing, search continues after Egypt tour boat sinks on Red Sea diving trip - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-tour-boat-sinks-in-red-sea-on-diving-trip-leaving-17-people-missing/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, quusayaasha la soo quustay shirkadda ayaa ku qiyaasaya in markabku uusan ahayn mid da' yar sida milkiilayaashu sheegeen iyo inaan loo dhisin inuu badda furan ka shaqeeyo. Rakaabku waxay sidoo kale sheegeen in markabku uu u muuqday mid aan xasilloonayn ka hor intaanu quusin oo alaabtii sagxadda saarayd ay si weyn u wareegtay, doon yar oo inflatable ahna ay biyaha ku dhacday.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.com&quot;/&gt;

== Dabagalka ==

=== Adkaynta xeerarka ===
Iyada oo laga jawaabayo walaaca badbaadada ee ay dhalisay dhacdadu, maamulku waxay bilaabeen hirgelinta shuruudo adag oo ku saabsan shahaadooyinka shaqaalaha iyo diiwaangelinta maraakiibta. Xeerarkani waxay farayaan in markab kastaa uu lahaado laba kabtan oo shati haysta (mid leh shatiga kabtan weyn iyo mid leh shatiga yar) iyo laba makaanik oo tababaran oo leh shahaado injineernimo oo horumarsan. Intaa waxaa dheer, dhammaan xubnaha shaqaalaha waa in si rasmi ah loogu diiwaan geliyo markabka, iyadoo magacyadooda lagu xirayo ogolaanshaha hawlgalka.

Inkasta oo ujeedadu ahayd in la hagaajiyo badbaadada iyo isla xisaabtanka, tallaabooyinkani waxay horseedeen caqabado maamul iyo hawlgal oo baahsan sababtoo ah shaqaale tayo leh oo yaraaday, dib u dhac ku yimid bixinta shatiyada, iyo adkaanta habka diiwaangelinta shaqaalaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diving safaris cancelled – what is the reason behind this? - Diveinside News |url=https://taucher.net/diveinside-diving_safaris_cancelled_____what_is_the_reason_behind_this_-kaz9408 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=taucher.net |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Walaaca badbaadada ee maraakiibta quusitaanka ee Badda Cas ===
16 Diseembar 2024, [[Marine Accident Investigation Branch]] (MAIB) ee UK ayaa kor u qaaday walaac dhab ah oo ku saabsan badbaadada maraakiibta quusitaanka ee Badda Cas ka dib markii ''Sea Story'' kadaaday. Tani waxay ahayd shilkii saddexaad ee ugu weynaa ee markab quusitaanka Badda Cas ee ay ku lug leeyihiin muwaadiniinta UK 20 bilood gudahood, ka dib markii ''Carlton Queen'' uu kadaaday Abriil 2023 iyo dabkii ''Hurricane'' ee Juun 2023. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo dhacdooyinkan, MAIB waxay warqad u dirtay Hay'adda Badbaadada Maritime ee Masar iyada oo muujinaysa walaaceeda waxayna diyaarinaysaa warqad badbaado oo hagaysa quusayaasha Britain ee tixgelinaya fasaxyada quusitaanka ee gobolka. Talooyinka safarka ee Xafiiska Arrimaha Dibadda ee UK ayaa sidoo kale ka digaya in heerarka badbaadada ee hawlwadeennada quusitaanka Badda Cas ay aad u kala duwan yihiin, iyadoo bixiyeyaasha qiimaha jaban ay inta badan ku guuldareystaan inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha badbaadada ama caymiska ee ku filan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Red Sea dive boat accidents |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/red-sea-dive-boat-accidents |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-16 |title=UK investigators warn of 'serious concern' over Red Sea dive boats safety |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/red-sea-dive-boats-safety-egypt-b2665140.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=The Independent |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Muranka baaritaanka ===
Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinnada BBC, dadkii ka badbaaday ayaa lagu cadaadiyay inay saxiixaan bayaanada Carabi-ga ee uu turjumay shaqaale ka tirsan shirkadda Dive Pro Liveaboard. Dad badan oo ka badbaaday ayaa sheegay inaan loo ogolaan inay haystaan nuqullo ka mid ah bayaanadooda waxayna sheegeen in walaacyada badbaadada ee muhiimka ah laga saaray dukumentiyada rasmiga ah. Wakiilada shirkadda ayaa la sheegay inay isku dayeen inay ka dhigaan dadka badbaaday inay saxiixaan warqado sheegaya inay &quot;aysan cidna ku eedaynayn wax dambi ah.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Red Sea dive-boat survivors accuse authorities of cover up |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c87dxx41lvvo |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.bbc.com |date=15 Janaayo 2025 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Liiska maraakiibta quustay 2024]]
*[[Musiibadii markabka quusitaanka ee Badda Cas 2025]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>4bxq4mls561cayojgs3v5lp2c9vmtov</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Shirkadda Tuniisiya ee Maraakiibta</title>
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      <id>299082</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T19:43:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: {{Infobox company | name                = Shirkadda Navigation-ka ee Tunisia&lt;br /&gt;&lt;big&gt;الشركة التونسية للملاحة&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(CTN) | logo                =  | logo_size           = 100px | caption             = | type                =  | genre               =  | fate                =  | predecessor         =  | successor           =  | founded             = 1959 | founder             =  | defunct             =  | hq_location_city    = [[Tunis]] | hq_location_coun...</comment>
      <origin>299082</origin>
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      <text bytes="6534" sha1="4wr7ugfapv5qbduwm0ekg5y40yy2uyz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name                = Shirkadda Navigation-ka ee Tunisia&lt;br /&gt;&lt;big&gt;الشركة التونسية للملاحة&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(CTN)
| logo                = 
| logo_size           = 100px
| caption             =
| type                = 
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| predecessor         = 
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| founded             = 1959
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| hq_location_city    = [[Tunis]]
| hq_location_country = [[Tunisia]]
| hq_location         = 
| num_locations       = 
| area_served         = [[Badda Dhexe]]
| key_people          = 
| industry            = Maraakiibta
| products            = 
| services            = Gaadiidka rakaabka&lt;br&gt;Gaadiidka xamuulka
| revenue             = 
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| net_income          = 
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| website             = {{URL|http://www.ctn.com.tn}}
| footnotes           =  
}}
[[File:Cotunav ferry MF Amilcar &amp; MSC Esha.jpg|thumb|Markab xamuul ah oo COTUNAV ah ''Amilcar'' oo ku sugan dekedda [[Tunis]], 2012]]
[[File:Traghetto Tanit in navigazione verso il porto di Genova - settembre 2019.jpg|thumb|Markabka rakaabka ee Tanit oo u sii jeeda dekedda [[Genoa]].]]

'''Compagnie Tunisienne de Navigation''' ('''CTN''' ama COTUNAV) waa khad [[maraakiib]] oo [[Tunisia]] ah, kaas oo bixiya xiriiro joogto ah oo [[maraakiibta rakaabka]] ah oo u dhexeeya Tunisia iyo dekedaha [[Marseille-Fos Port|Marseille]] iyo [[Port of Genoa|Genoa]], iyo sidoo kale gaadiidka [[xamuulka]] ee u socda [[Port of Barcelona|Barcelona]] iyo [[Port of Livorno|Livorno]]. Waxaa si buuxda iska leh dawladda Tunisia waxaana kormeer ku haya [[Wasaaradda Gaadiidka (Tunisia)|Wasaaradda Gaadiidka]].

Waxaa la aasaasay 7 Maarso 1959, waxay markii hore diiradda saartay horumarinta xiriirada maraakiibta ee joogtada ah ee u dhexeeya Tunisia iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda ganacsi ee ugu waaweyn, iyadoo asal ahaan u adeegaysay oo keliya Marseille iyo Rouen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalkii lagu kala duwanaysanayay ganacsiga dibadda ee Tunisia, waxay si degdeg ah u ballaarisay shabakadeeda waddooyinka si ay ugu darto dekedaha [[Talyaaniga|Italy]], [[Spain]], [[Jarmalka|Germany]] iyo waddamada [[Benelux]].

1970-yadii, CTN waxay ballaarisay joogitaankeeda gaadiidka saliidda cayriin, alaabta batroolka iyo cuntooyinka. Iyadoo la bilaabay 1978-kii markabka rakaabka ee ''Habib'', oo bixiya adeeg u dhexeeya Tunis, Marseille iyo Genoa, waxay sidoo kale kordhisay ka-qaybgalkeeda gaadiidka rakaabka. CTN waxay ballaarisay maraakiibteeda iyadoo iibsatay maraakiibta xamuulka badan ee ''Moularès'' iyo ''S’hib'' sannadihii 1976–77 iyo ''El-Kef'' 1982.

Iyada oo u gudubtay adeegga [[roll-on/roll-off]], CTN waxay u jeesatay cusboonaysiinta maraakiibteeda, iyadoo heshay ''El-Jem'' iyo ''Tozeur'' 1977, iyo ''Bizerte'' iyo ''Kairouan'' 1979. Xagaagii 1990, 1991 iyo 1992 CTN waxay sidoo kale kiraysatay markabka [[Turbo-electric transmission|turbo-electric]] ee ''[[TEV Rangatira (1971)|Carlo R]]'' oo ka tirsan shirkadda [[Sicily|Sicilian]] ee Alimar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nzmaritime.co.nz/r4.htm |last=Castell |first=Marcus |title=The Turbo Electric Vessel Rangatira of 1971 |publisher=The New Zealand Maritime Record |date=2003–2005 |accessdate=29 May 2013 |archive-date=14 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914030656/http://www.nzmaritime.co.nz/r4.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iyadoo lagu qasbay inay dib u qiimayso hawlaheeda iyada oo la tixraacayo isbeddelladii dhawaa ee dunida badda, CTN waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u iibisay maraakiibteedii hore si ay diiradda u saarto ganacsigeeda ugu muhiimsan. Waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u cusboonaysiinaysaa maraakiibteeda iyadoo la bilaabay laba markab oo waaweyn oo ro-ro ah oo leh 18,000 tan: ''Ulysse'' iyo ''Salammbô 7''. Juun 1999, markabkii cusbaa ee khadka ee [[Norway|Norwegian]]-ka la dhisay ee ''Carthage'' ayaa hawlgalkiisu billowday. Awood u leh inay qaado 2,208 rakaab ah iyo 666 baabuur, oo leh xawaare dhan {{convert|23.5|kn|km/h|lk=on}}, waxay sameysaa safarro toddobaadle ah oo u dhexeeya Tunis iyo Marseille iyo Tunis iyo Genoa.

2012, CTN waxay heshay markabka cusub ee rakaabka ''Tanit'' oo ay dhistay [[DSME]]. Awood u leh inay qaado 3,200 rakaab ah iyo 1,060 baabuur, oo leh xawaare dhan {{convert|27.5|kn|km/h|lk=on}}. Natiijo ahaan ku-darkan, ''Habib'' iyo ''El-Kef'' ayaa laga saaray adeegga 2013.

==Maraakiibta==
CTN waxay ku shaqaysaa xirmo lix markab ah oo ka kooban afar RORO iyo laba markab oo ROPAX ah. Marka laga reebo maraakiibteeda, CTN hadda waxay kiraysataa laba markab oo RORO ah. 

===Maraakiibta hadda===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|+
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;130pt&quot;| Magaca
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;80pt&quot;| La dhisay
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;80pt&quot;| Adeegga billaabay
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;80pt&quot;| Tonnage
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;270pt&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Macluumaad 
|-
| ''Amilcar'' ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2000 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2010 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|22,900}} ||
|-
| ''Carthage'' || align=&quot;Center&quot; | 1999 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | 1999 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|32,298}} ||
|-
| ''Elyssa'' ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2000 ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2010 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|22,900}}||
|-
| ''Tanit'' ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2012 ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2012 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|52 645}}||
|-
| ''Salammbo 7'' ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 1997 ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 1997 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|17,907}} ||
|-
| ''Ulysse'' ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 1997 ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 1997 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|17,907}}||
|-
| ''Leevsten'' ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2019 ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2020 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|32,887}}||La kiraystay tan iyo 2020.
|-
| ''Stena Shipper'' ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2012 ||align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2022 || align=&quot;Center&quot; | {{GT|29,429}}||La kiraystay tan iyo 2022.
|-
|''Kraftca''
| align=&quot;Center&quot; |2006
| align=&quot;Center&quot; |2025
| align=&quot;Center&quot; |{{GT|28,289}}
|La kiraystay tan iyo 2025.
|}

==Tixraacyo==
{{commons category|Compagnie Tunisienne de Navigation}}
;Qoraalo
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
*[http://www.ctn.com.tn/ Bogga hore ee CTN]
*''Maqaalkani waa [[turjumad]] ka timid maqaalka u dhigma ee [[Wikipedia-da Faransiiska]]''

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140513235623/http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Travel/list-of-shipping-companies-tunisia.html Shirkadaha Maraakiibta ee Tunisia]

{{authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Tegemeo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47716</id>
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      <id>299083</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T19:47:06Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1968" sha1="bfkm0achzk14mj943a29fui0pbglfdl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=
 |image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | country=[[Tanzania]]
 | flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 |hide_header=
 |name= MV ''Tegemeo''
 |owner=[[Dawladda Tanzania]]
 |operator=
 |registry=
 |route= [[Sengerema_District#2012_wards|Maisome]] ilaa Kahunda
 |ordered=
 |builder=
 |original_cost= [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh&amp;nbsp;]]1.88&amp;nbsp;bilyan
 |yard_number=
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=
 |launched=27 Sebteembar 2014
 |completed=
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=
 |fate=
 |status= adeegga ku jira
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |type= [[Kivuko]] 
 |tonnage={{GT|85}}
 |displacement=
 |length=
 |beam=
 |height=
 |draught=
 |draft=
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power=
 |propulsion=
 |speed=
 |capacity=*200 rakaab ah
           *10 baabuur
 |crew=
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''MV ''Tegemeo''''' waa kivuko ka hawlgala [[Lake Victoria|Harada Victoria]] ee [[Tanzania]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Matthew |first=Moses |date=28 Sebteembar 2014 |title=VP launches MV Tegemeo |url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/36501-vp-launches-mv-tegemeo |newspaper=Daily News |accessdate=28 Sebteembar 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116193657/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/36501-vp-launches-mv-tegemeo |archivedate=16 Noofembar 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaceeda oo ku qoran [[Af-Sawaaxili|luuqadda Sawaaxiliga]] waxay la macno noqon kartaa rajo ama taageero.

==Taariikh==
Waxaa si rasmi ah u daahfuray [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Tanzania|Madaxweyne ku xigeen]] [[Mohamed Gharib Bilal]] 27 Sebteembar 2014.

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://michuzi-matukio.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/dkt-bilali-azindua-kivuko-kipya-cha-mv.html Sawirrada munaasabadda daahfurka]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tegemeo}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Spice Islander I</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47717</id>
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      <text bytes="7815" sha1="lwoggbeq3eyqkdzlgdcywy9wyp2nf9f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image=Spice Islander.jpg
 | image_caption=''Spice Islander I'' oo ku sugan [[Stone Town]] 2010
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header=
 | name=*''Marianna'' (1967–1988)
        *''Apostolos P'' (1988–2007)
        *''Spice Islander I'' (2007–2011)
 | owner=*Thelogos P Naftiliaki (−1988)
         *Apostolos Shipping (1988–1999)
         *Saronikos Ferries (1999–2005)
         *[[Hellenic Seaways]] (2005–2007)
         *Makame Hasnuu (2007–2011)
 | operator=
 | registry=*{{Flagicon|Greece}} Piraeus, Greece (1967–2007)
            *{{flagicon|Honduras}} San Lorenzo, Honduras (2007– )
            *{{flagicon|Tanzania}} Zanzibar, Tanzania ( –2011)
 | route=
 | ordered=
 | builder=
 | original_cost=
 | yard_number=
 | way_number=456
 | laid_down=
 | launched=1967
 | completed=1967
 | christened=
 | acquired=
 | maiden_voyage=
 | in_service=
 | out_of_service=10 Sebteembar 2011 (quusay)
 | identification=*{{IMO Number|8329907}}
                  *Call sign HQWZ7&lt;ref name=&quot;equasis&quot;&gt;{{csr|register=E|id=8329907|shipname=Spice Islander I|accessdate=2011-09-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | fate=[[Sinking of MV Spice Islander I|Quusay]]
 | notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header=
 | header_caption=
 | class=Marry
 | tonnage=*{{GRT|836}}
           *{{NRT|663|link=off}}
           *225 DWT
 | displacement=
 | length={{convert|60.00|m|ft}}
 | beam={{convert|11.40|m|ft}}
 | height=
 | draught=
 | draft=
 | depth=
 | decks=
 | deck_clearance=
 | ramps=
 | ice_class=
 | sail_plan=
 | power=2 [[Poyaud]] [[V12 engine|12VUD25]] [[matoor naafto]] ah
 | propulsion=Matoorka wareegga
 | speed=
 | capacity=645 rakaab ah
 | crew=45 shaqaale ah
 | notes=
 }}
}}
{{Coord|5|39|23|S|39|28|27|E|display=title}}
[[File:US Navy 070926-N-0000X-003 Guided-missile destroyer USS Stout (DDG 55) tows Tanzanian-flagged passenger ferry Spice Island while in international waters off the coast of Somalia.jpg|thumb|''Spice Islander I'' oo ay jiidayso {{USS|Stout|DDG-55|6}} sanadkii 2007]]

'''''Spice Islander I''''' wuxuu ahaa markab rakaab ah oo nooca [[Roll-on/roll-off|Ro-Ro]] ah oo {{GRT|836}} ah, kaas oo lagu dhisay dalka Giriiga sanadkii 1967 magaca '''''Marianna'''''. Waxaa loo bixiyay '''''Apostolos P''''' ka dib iibkii 1988. Waxaa loo iibiyay shirkad Honduras ah sanadkii 2007 waxaana loo bixiyay '''''Spice Islander I'''''. 10 Sebteembar 2011, wuu quusay, taas oo keentay dhimashada 1,573 qof, kuwaas oo intooda badan aan marnaba la helin meydkooda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sadallah&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Sadallah |first=Mwinyi |url=http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=37649 |title=MV Spice Islander's report: Try marine executives, ship owner |publisher=IPP Media |date=20 Janaayo 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sharaxaad==
Markabku wuxuu ahaa {{convert|60.00|m|ft}} dherer ah, wuxuuna ballaciisu ahaa {{convert|11.40|m|ft}}. Waxaa lagu qiimeeyay {{GRT|836}}, {{NRT|663}}, 225 [[deadweight tonnage|DWT]]. Markabka waxaa waday laba matoor naafto ah oo nooca Poyaud 12VUD25 ah, oo awooddoodu tahay {{convert|1560|hp|kW}}.&lt;ref name=Fakta&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/marianna_1967.htm |title=M/S Apostolos P. |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish |accessdate=23 Maarso 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikh==
Waxa la dhisay 1967-kii sidii ''Marianna'' oo loogu talagalay milkiile aan la aqoon, waxaana markii dambe loo iibiyay Theologos P. Naftiliaki oo ku sugan [[Piraeus]], Greece. 1988, ''Marianna'' waxaa loo iibiyay Apostolos Shipping waxaana loo bixiyay ''Apostolos P''. Waxaa markii dambe loo iibiyay Saronikos Ferries waxaana la geliyay adeegga khadka Piraeus – [[Aegina]] – [[Agistri]].&lt;ref name=Fakta/&gt;

2005, ''Apostolos P'' waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay [[Hellenic Seaways]]. 2007, waxaa loo iibiyay Makame Hasnuu oo ka tirsan [[Zanzibar]], [[Tanzania]], waxaana loo bixiyay ''Spice Islander I''.&lt;ref name=Fakta/&gt;

25 Sebteembar 2007, ''Spice Islander I'' wuxuu ku sugnaa xeebaha [[Soomaaliya]] markii uu la kulmay dhibaatooyin xagga matoorka ah oo ay sababtay shidaal wasakhaysan. Ka dib markii qaylo-dhaantu ay soo martay [[Kenya]], {{USS|Stout|DDG-55|6}} oo ka socda [[Combined Task Force 150]] ayaa loo diray si uu u caawiyo.&lt;ref name=Dubai&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |title=M/V Spice Islander, Marlo Success Story |work=2007 MARLO Conference |publisher=Maritime Liaison Office |date=Diseembar 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319181811/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/marlo/Events/events_files/MARLO-Dubai-Flier%202007.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Markabku wuxuu safar ugu jiray [[Omaan]] ilaa Tanzania mana uu siday wax rakaab ah. {{USS|James E. Williams|DDG-95|6}} ayaa sidoo kale ka jawaabay. ''Stout'' wuxuu markabka siiyay {{convert|7,800|USgal}} oo shidaal ah wuxuuna siiyay tobankii shaqaale ahaa cunto iyo biyo. Ka dib markii matoorkiisii la hawlgeliyay, wuxuu dib u bilaabay safarkiisii uu ku tagayay Tanzania.&lt;ref name=Stout&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&amp;VIRIN=&amp;imagetype=0&amp;page=1 |title=USS Stout Assists Distressed Vessel Off Somali Coast |publisher=United States Navy |date=27 Sebteembar 2007 |accessdate=10 Sebteembar 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131131/http://www.navy.mil/search/print.asp?story_id=32116&amp;VIRIN=&amp;imagetype=0&amp;page=1 |archivedate=16 Oktoobar 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Khasaaraha==
{{Main|Sinking of MV Spice Islander I}}
Saacadu markay ahayd 21:00 [[UTC+2|waqtiga maxalliga ah]] (19:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) 9 Sebteembar 2011, ''Spice Islander I'' wuxuu ka shiraacday [[Unguja]] isagoo u socda [[Pemba Island]]. Waxaa la sheegay inuu siday in ka badan 800 oo rakaab ah.&lt;ref name=BBC14864400&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14864400 |title='Hundreds missing' in Zanzibar ferry disaster |publisher=BBC News |date=10 Sebteembar 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awooddiisu waxay ahayd 45 shaqaale iyo 654 rakaab ah.&lt;ref name=Fakta/&gt; Qiyaastii 01:00, (waqtiga maxalliga ah) 10 Sebteembar (23:00, 9 Sebteembar UTC) ''Spice Islander I'' wuxuu ku quusay inta u dhaxaysa Zanzibar iyo Pemba. Kuwii saarnaa, 620 ayaa la badbaadiyay.&lt;ref name=BBC14864400/&gt; Kaliya 240 meyd ayaa la helay,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Wang |first=Yamei |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-09/12/c_131133707.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108143033/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-09/12/c_131133707.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=Noofambar 8, 2012 |title=At least 240 bodies retrieved in ferry sinking in Tanzania |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=12 Sebteembar 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; tirada dhimashaduna waxay gaartay 2,976;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sadallah |first=Mwinyi |url=http://ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=34437 |title=Confirmed: 2,900 people died in Zanzibar's ferry tragedy |publisher=IPP Media |date=16 Oktoobar 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112035114/http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=34437 |archivedate=12 Janaayo 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiyaastan ayaa dib loo eegay hoosna loogu dhigay Janaayo 2012 ilaa 1,573.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sadallah&quot;/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{commons category|IMO 8329907}}
{{Portal|Tanzania|Transport}}
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160913203022/http://www.ferrysafety.org/Ethical%20engineering%20analysis%20of%20Zanzibar%20Ferry.pdf Falanqaynta injineernimada anshaxa ee shilalka maraakiibta rakaabka ee Zanzibar] – [[Webb Institute]]
*[http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/stm-stmvalidation/uploads/20160420153038/ML2-D4.4.1-Report-on-Maritime-Accidents.pdf  Warbixinta shilalka badda] – [[Swedish Maritime Administration]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spice Islander I, Mv}}</text>
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    <title>MV Mwanza</title>
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|display_title=none
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 |image=
 |image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | country=[[Tanzania]]
 | flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 |hide_header=
 |name= MV ''Mwanza''
 |owner=[[Dawladda Tanzania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/passenger-vessel-world/3399-review-mwanza-tanzanian-built-ro-pax-for-lake-victoria|title=VESSEL REVIEW: Mwanza – Tanzanian-built Ro-Pax for Lake Victoria|magazine=WORK BOAT WORLD|publisher=Baird Maritime|date=27 Sebteembar 2018|accessdate=27 Sebteembar 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |operator= [[Wakaaladda Adeegyada Korontada, Makaanikada iyo Adeegyada ee Tanzania|TEMESA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;
 |registry= [[Mwanza]]
 |route= Kigongo ilaa Busisi ([[Gobolka Mwanza|Mwanza]])&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;
 |ordered=
 |builder= Marine Service Company Limited&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;
 |original_cost= [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh]]&amp;nbsp;43 bilyan &lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt; ([[United States dollar|US$]]3.9&amp;nbsp;milyan)
 |yard_number=
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=
 |launched=28 Agoosto 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot;&gt;[http://temesa.go.tz/news/kivuko-kipya-cha-mv-mwanza-chashushwa-kwenye-maji-tayari-kwa-majaribio Erikali Kukamilisha Ujenzi Wa Kivuko Kipya Cha MV MWANZA Kukamilika Mwezi Juni 2018], TEMESA, 17 May 2018 (in Swahili)&lt;/ref&gt;
 |completed=21 Juun 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;completed&quot;&gt;[http://temesa.go.tz/news/kivuko-kipya-cha-mv-mwanza-chashushwa-kwenye-maji-tayari-kwa-majaribio Kivuko Kipya Cha MV. MWANZA Chatoswa Kwenye Maji Tayari Kwa Majaribio], TEMESA, 21 Juun 2018 (in Swahili)&lt;/ref&gt;
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=11 Luulyo 2018&lt;ref&gt;[http://temesa.go.tz/news/mv-mwanza MV. Mwanza], TEMESA, 11 Luulyo 2018 (in Swahili)&lt;/ref&gt;
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=
 |fate=
 |status= adeegga ku jira
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |type= [[Ro-Pax]] [[Kivuko]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |tonnage={{GT|250}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |displacement=
 |length=57.88 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |beam=14.6 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |height=
 |draught=1.6 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |draft=
 |depth=2.8 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |decks=5&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=2&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power=2 x Cat 3406C [[matoor naafto]] ah, midkiiba 298kW @ 1,800rpm&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |propulsion=2 x Schottel SRP 150 FP [[rudder]] [[propeller]]s&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |speed=10.8 gunti (knots)&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |capacity=*1000 rakaab ah&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
           *34 baabuur&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |crew=8&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |notes=
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Mwanza''''' waa [[Lake Victoria ferries|kivuko ka hawlgala Harada Victoria]] ee [[Tanzania]]. Kivuku waa [[Ro-Pax]] [[kivuko]] ka hawlgala inta u dhaxaysa tuulooyinka Kigongo iyo Busisi ee koonfurta magaalada [[Mwanza]] kaas oo ka gudba [[Mwanza Gulf]] dhinaca bari ilaa galbeed. MV ''Mwanza'' ma aha kivukada kaliya ee wadadaas mara (waxaa jira saddex kivuko oo kale) taas oo muujinaysa muhiimadda ay leedahay adeegga kivukada.&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;

Kivukada, oo hadda ah kivukada Ro-Pax ugu weyn ee Harada Victoria, waxay leedahay laba dabaq oo loogu talagalay baabuurta iyo alaabta (dabaqa ugu weyn iyo dabaqa markabka) iyo dabaqa rakaabka oo gudaha ah oo leh kuraas.&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt; Waxaa dhistay shirkad maxalli ah oo Tanzania ah oo ku taal Mwanza, Songoro Marine Transport.&lt;ref name=&quot;completed&quot; /&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mwanza}}</text>
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        <id>28368</id>
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      <text bytes="3770" sha1="5uwgcf4siduo54mmmneb6e21lwgkb6n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|display_title=none
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=
 |image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | country=[[Tanzania]]
 | flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 |hide_header=
 |name= MV ''Mwanza''
 |owner=[[Dawladda Tanzania]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/passenger-vessel-world/3399-review-mwanza-tanzanian-built-ro-pax-for-lake-victoria|title=VESSEL REVIEW: Mwanza – Tanzanian-built Ro-Pax for Lake Victoria|magazine=WORK BOAT WORLD|publisher=Baird Maritime|date=27 Sebteembar 2018|accessdate=27 Sebteembar 2018|archive-date=2018-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928092834/https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/passenger-vessel-world/3399-review-mwanza-tanzanian-built-ro-pax-for-lake-victoria|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |operator= [[Wakaaladda Adeegyada Korontada, Makaanikada iyo Adeegyada ee Tanzania|TEMESA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;
 |registry= [[Mwanza]]
 |route= Kigongo ilaa Busisi ([[Gobolka Mwanza|Mwanza]])&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;
 |ordered=
 |builder= Marine Service Company Limited&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;
 |original_cost= [[Tanzanian shilling|TSh]]&amp;nbsp;43 bilyan &lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt; ([[United States dollar|US$]]3.9&amp;nbsp;milyan)
 |yard_number=
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=
 |launched=28 Agoosto 2017&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot;&gt;[http://temesa.go.tz/news/kivuko-kipya-cha-mv-mwanza-chashushwa-kwenye-maji-tayari-kwa-majaribio Erikali Kukamilisha Ujenzi Wa Kivuko Kipya Cha MV MWANZA Kukamilika Mwezi Juni 2018], TEMESA, 17 May 2018 (in Swahili)&lt;/ref&gt;
 |completed=21 Juun 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;completed&quot;&gt;[http://temesa.go.tz/news/kivuko-kipya-cha-mv-mwanza-chashushwa-kwenye-maji-tayari-kwa-majaribio Kivuko Kipya Cha MV. MWANZA Chatoswa Kwenye Maji Tayari Kwa Majaribio], TEMESA, 21 Juun 2018 (in Swahili)&lt;/ref&gt;
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=11 Luulyo 2018&lt;ref&gt;[http://temesa.go.tz/news/mv-mwanza MV. Mwanza], TEMESA, 11 Luulyo 2018 (in Swahili)&lt;/ref&gt;
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=
 |fate=
 |status= adeegga ku jira
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |type= [[Ro-Pax]] [[Kivuko]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |tonnage={{GT|250}}&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |displacement=
 |length=57.88 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |beam=14.6 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |height=
 |draught=1.6 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |draft=
 |depth=2.8 mitir&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |decks=5&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=2&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power=2 x Cat 3406C [[matoor naafto]] ah, midkiiba 298kW @ 1,800rpm&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |propulsion=2 x Schottel SRP 150 FP [[rudder]] [[propeller]]s&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |speed=10.8 gunti (knots)&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |capacity=*1000 rakaab ah&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
           *34 baabuur&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |crew=8&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt;
 |notes=
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Mwanza''''' waa [[Lake Victoria ferries|kivuko ka hawlgala Harada Victoria]] ee [[Tanzania]]. Kivuku waa [[Ro-Pax]] [[kivuko]] ka hawlgala inta u dhaxaysa tuulooyinka Kigongo iyo Busisi ee koonfurta magaalada [[Mwanza]] kaas oo ka gudba [[Mwanza Gulf]] dhinaca bari ilaa galbeed. MV ''Mwanza'' ma aha kivukada kaliya ee wadadaas mara (waxaa jira saddex kivuko oo kale) taas oo muujinaysa muhiimadda ay leedahay adeegga kivukada.&lt;ref name=&quot;first&quot; /&gt;

Kivukada, oo hadda ah kivukada Ro-Pax ugu weyn ee Harada Victoria, waxay leedahay laba dabaq oo loogu talagalay baabuurta iyo alaabta (dabaqa ugu weyn iyo dabaqa markabka) iyo dabaqa rakaabka oo gudaha ah oo leh kuraas.&lt;ref name=&quot;bairdma&quot; /&gt; Waxaa dhistay shirkad maxalli ah oo Tanzania ah oo ku taal Mwanza, Songoro Marine Transport.&lt;ref name=&quot;completed&quot; /&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mwanza}}</text>
      <sha1>5uwgcf4siduo54mmmneb6e21lwgkb6n</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kefallinia (markabkii 1965)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47721</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299088</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T19:59:16Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="6073" sha1="3ddbmpu8jon3r654oeqki38uekaa6ub" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image=
 | image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header=
 | country= Giriiga 
 | flag= {{Shipboxflag|Greece|civil}} 
 | name=* ''Kefallinia'' (1965–1993)
        * ''Express Paros'' (1993–1999)

 | namesake=
 | owner=* [[Strintzis Lines]], Giriiga (1965–1993)
         * Katapoliani, Giriiga (1993–1999)

 | operator=
 | registry=
 | route=
 | ordered=
 | awarded=
 | builder=
 | original_cost=
 | yard_number=
 | way_number=
 | laid_down=
 | launched=
 | sponsor=
 | christened=
 | completed=1965 
 | acquired=
 | in_service=1965
 | out_of_service=1999
 | renamed=
 | reclassified=
 | refit=
 | struck=
 | reinstated=
 | homeport=
 | motto=
 | fate=La iibiyay, 1999
 | notes=
 | badge=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header=title
 | country= Tanzania
 | flag= {{Shipboxflag|Tanzania|civil}}
 | name= ''Zahara'' (1999–2001)
 | namesake=
 | owner=Victoria Marine Passenger Transport Ltd., Tanzania (1999–2001)
 | operator=
 | registry=
 | route=
 | acquired=1999
 | in_service=1999
 | out_of_service=2001
 | renamed=
 | reclassified=
 | refit=
 | struck=
 | reinstated=
 | homeport=
 | identification={{IMO Number|6520791}}
 | motto=
 | fate=Laga tagay, 2001
 | notes=
 | badge=
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header=
 | header_caption=&lt;ref name=&quot;faktaomfartyg&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://faktaomfartyg.se/kefallinia_1965.htm |title=M/S Kefallinia (1965)  |work=faktaomfartyg.se |year=2011 |accessdate=19 Sebteembar 2012|language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | class= 
 | type= Kivuko nooca Ro-Ro ah
 | tonnage=*{{GRT|2,375}}
           *{{DWT|794}}
 | displacement= 
 | length= {{Convert|82|m|ftin|abbr=on}} 
 | beam=  {{Convert|11.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | height=
 | draught= 
 | depth=  {{Convert|3.04|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | hold_depth= 
 | decks=
 | deck_clearance=
 | ramps=
 | power=
 | propulsion=2 × 8-dhululubo [[Werkspoor]] [[matoor naafto]] ah, {{Convert|2942|kW|0|abbr=on}} 
 | speed= {{Convert|15|kn|lk=in}}
 | range=
 | endurance=
 | boats=
 | capacity=*600 rakaab ah
            *70 baabuur
 | crew=
 | sensors=
 | notes=
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Kefallinia''''' ({{langx|el|Κεφαλληνία}}) wuxuu ahaa [[kivuko]] Giriig ah oo nooca [[Roll-on/roll-off|ro-ro]] ah. Wuxuu ahaa kivukadii ugu horreysay ee rakaab ee shirkadda Strintzis Lines (Hadda [[Blue Star Ferries]]). Waxaa lagu dhisay 1965-tii goobta maraakiibta ee Th. Zervas &amp; Sons ee [[Perama]], [[Giriiga]]. Wuxuu qaadi karayay ilaa 600 oo rakaab ah iyo 70 baabuur. Wuxuu lahaa laba matoor oo 8-dhululubo ah oo nooca [[Werkspoor]] ah, kuwaas oo awooddoodu tahay 2942&amp;nbsp;kW, wuxuuna gaari karayay xawaare dhan 15 gunti (knots).

== Taariikh ==
Markabku wuxuu u shaqaynayay [[Strintzis Lines]] inta badan inta u dhaxaysa magaalada [[Patras]] iyo jasiiradda Ionian ee [[Cephalonia]]. Wuxuu sidoo kale ka shaqaynayay jasiiradaha kale ee Giriiga. 1993-dii waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda Katapoliani, waxaana loo bixiyay '''''Express Paros''''' ({{langx|el|Εξπρές Πάρος}}), isagoo sii waday adeegga biyaha Giriiga,&lt;ref name=&quot;faktaomfartyg&quot; /&gt; isagoo u kala goosha [[Syros]], [[Paros]], [[Naxos]], [[Ios (jasiirad)|Ios]] iyo [[Santorini]], iyo mararka qaarkood jasiirado kale oo yaryar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.adriaticandaegeanferries.com/keaeng.html |title=F/B Kefalinia |first=Michele |last=Lulurgas |work=adriaticandaegeanferries.com |year=2005 |accessdate=19 Sebteembar 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1999-kii, markii uu gaaray da'dii loo oggolaa, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda Tanzania ee Victoria Marine Passenger Transport Ltd., waxaana loo bixiyay '''''Zahara''''', wuxuuna u shaqaynayay inta u dhaxaysa [[Dar es Salaam]] iyo [[Mtwara]].&lt;ref name=&quot;faktaomfartyg&quot; /&gt; Ka dib markii uu ku xumaaday badda sanadkii 2001, markabka waxaa laga mamnuucay inuu ka dhoofo xeebaha Tanzania, waxaana lagaga tagay Dar es Salaam. Maamulka Dekedaha Tanzania ayaa ku dhawaaqay 2005 inay burburin doonaan markabka haddii milkiilayaashu aysan ka kaxayn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pbase.com/bmcmorrow/image/63395766 |title=Cruise ship news and ocean liner history |first=Martin |last=Cox   |work=maritimematters.com |year=2005 |accessdate=19 Sebteembar 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu dambayntii waxaa la burburiyay Noofembar 2005.

== Waddada ==
Markabka waxaa loo adeegsaday waddooyinka soo socda:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Taariikhda waddooyinka MS Kefallinia
!Milkiile
!Magaca
!Taariikhda
!Waddada
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Strintzis Lines
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Kefallinia
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1965-1977
|[[Patras]]-[[Sami, Cephalonia|Sami]]
|-
|Patra-Sami-[[Vathi, Ithaki|Vathi]]
|-
|Patra-Sami-Vathi-[[Frikes, Ithaki|Frikes]]-[[Vasiliki, Lefkada|Vassiliki]]-[[Nydri]]-[[Meganisi]]-[[Mytikas, Alyzia|Mytikas]]-[[Kalamos (jasiirad)|Kalamos]]-[[Astakos]]
|-
|Patra-Sami-[[Fiskardo]]-[[Paxi]]-[[Corfu]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1977-1984
|Patra- Sami
|-
|Patra- Sami-Vathi
|-
|Patra-Sam-Paxi-Corfu
|-
|1984-1992
|Patra- Sami-Vathi
[[Kyllini, Elis|Kyllini]]-[[Poros, Cephalonia|Poros]]
|-
|1992-1993
|[[Igoumenitsa]]-[[Corfu]]-[[Otranto]]
|-
|Katapoliani
|Paros Express
|1993-1999
|[[Syros]]-[[Paros]]-[[Naxos]]-[[Ios]]-[[Santorini]] (iyo jasiirado kale)
|-
|Victoria Passenger Marine Transport
|Zahara
|1999-2001
|[[Dar es Salaam]] - [[Mtwara]]
|}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* {{cite web |url= http://www.pbase.com/image/63395832 |title=Sawirka MV ''Zahara'' oo xeebta saaran dhanka Kivukoni, Dar es Salaam |first=Brian |last=McMorrow |work=pbase.com |date=24 Juun 2006 |accessdate=19 Sebteembar 2012}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/Strintzis.html#anchor603366 |title=Strintzis Lines Postcards |first=Ian |last=Boyle |work=simplonpc.co.uk |year=2010 |accessdate=19 Sebteembar 2012}}
*[https://www.academia.edu/166113877/Modern_Greeces_Machines_A_Comprehensive_Guide_to_Greek_Vehicle_and_Machine_Manufacturers_1700_to_Present_ L.S. Skartsis, &quot;Modern Greece's Machines: A Comprehensive Guide to Greek Vehicle &amp; Machine Manufacturers (1700 to Present)&quot; (2026)] {{ISBN|978-618-00-6734-7}} (eBook)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kefallinia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Butiama</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47722</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299089</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:02:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="2624" sha1="5go1o6zdfmsw7n2ldqck5fkcfc9t5lu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= 
 |image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 | country=Tanzania
 | flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 |name= MV ''Butiama''
 |namesake= Magaalada [[Butiama]]
 |owner= 
 |operator= [[Marine Services Company Limited]] 
 |registry=
 |route= [[Mwanza]] ilaa [[Nansio]]
 |ordered=
 |builder=
 |original_cost=
 |yard_number=
 |way_number=
 |launched=
 |completed=
 |christened=
 |acquired=1980
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=
 |fate= 
 |status= Adeegga ku jira
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |type=
 |tonnage= 100 tan
 |displacement=
 |length=
 |beam=
 |height=
 |draught=
 |draft=
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |power=
 |propulsion=
 |speed=
 |capacity= 180 rakaab ah
 |crew=
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''MV ''Butiama''''' waa markab rakaab iyo xamuul ah oo ay maamusho [[Marine Services Company Limited]] oo ka tirsan [[Tanzania]] tan iyo 1980-kii.

==Taariikh==
MV ''Butiama'' waxaa la dhisay 1980-kii, waana mid ka mid ah maraakiibta ugu yar yar.{{Clarify|reason=Smallest of which ships?|date=Ogosto 2020}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-02-185e4b969407dd0.aspx|title=ENZI ZA USAFIRI WA MELI INAVYORUDI ZIWA VICTORIA|work=Habari Leo|date=18 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dayactir==
Ka dib markii markabku joojiyay adeeggiisii 2014-kii, dawladdu waxay ku bixisay [[Tanzanian_shilling|TSh&amp;nbsp;]]4.9&amp;nbsp;bilyan si loo dayactiro.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-135f357a2adee84.aspx|title=
NEW-LOOK VICTORIA, BUTIAMA SHIPS BACK IN SERVICE SUNDAY|work=Habari Leo|date=14 Ogosto 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201506020579.html|title=Tanzania: MV Butiama Lined Up for 1.33 Billion/ - Repairs|work=All Africa|date=2 Juun 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Ogosto 2020, ''Butiama'' oo si cusub loo dayactiray ayaa dib ugu soo laabatay adeeggii ka dib muddo dheer oo ay shaqada ka maqnayd, waxayna bilowday inay ka hawlgasho inta u dhaxaysa [[Mwanza]] iyo [[Nansio]] oo ku taal [[Ukerewe Island|Jasiiradda Ukerewe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/mv-butiama-revamp-great-news-ukerewe-residents|title=MV Butiama revamp great news for Ukerewe residents|work=IPP Media|date=20 Ogosto 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay qaadi kartaa 180 rakaab ah iyo 100 tan oo xamuul ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-135f357a2adee84.aspx|title=NEW-LOOK VICTORIA, BUTIAMA SHIPS BACK IN SERVICE SUNDAY|work=Daily News|date=14 Ogosto 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Butiama}}</text>
      <sha1>5go1o6zdfmsw7n2ldqck5fkcfc9t5lu</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Bukoba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47723</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299090</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:05:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5501" sha1="astpqldo5zx1859pct618xp6m8h7ssb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship &lt;!-- commercial vessels --&gt;
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image = Bukoba_19951005.jpg
 | image_caption = M/V Bukoba oo ku sugan dekedda Port Bell, Uganda.
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header = 
 | country = Tanzania
 | flag = {{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 | name = MV ''Bukoba''
 | namesake = Magaalada [[Bukoba]]
 | owner = Dawladda [[Tanzania]]
 | operator = Qaybta Badda ee [[Tanzania Railways Corporation|TRC]]
 | registry = 
 | route = [[Bukoba]] ilaa magaalada [[Mwanza]]
 | ordered = 
 | builder = 
 | original_cost = 
 | yard_number = 
 | way_number = 
 | laid_down = 
 | launched = 
 | completed = 
 | christened = 
 | acquired = 1979
 | maiden_voyage = 
 | in_service = 
 | out_of_service = 
 | identification = {{IMO Number|7636511}}
 | fate = [[Capsize]]d 21 May 1996
 | notes = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header = 
 | header_caption = 
 | class = 
 | type = 
 | tonnage = 850 tan
 | displacement = 
 | length = 
 | beam = 
 | height = 
 | draught = 
 | draft = 
 | depth = 
 | decks = 
 | deck_clearance = 
 | ramps = 
 | ice_class = 
 | sail_plan = 
 | power = 
 | propulsion = 
 | speed = 
 | capacity = 430
 | crew = 
 | notes = 
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Bukoba''''' wuxuu ahaa [[kivuko ka hawlgala Harada Victoria]] kaas oo u qaadi jiray rakaab iyo xamuul [[Tanzania]] dhexdeeda inta u dhaxaysa dekedaha [[Bukoba]] iyo magaalada [[Mwanza]]. Waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray khadka joogtada ah ee u dhexeeya [[Port Bell]], [[Uganda]], iyo [[Mwanza]], [[Tanzania]], guud ahaan [[Harada Victoria]]. MV ''Bukoba'' waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1979-kii, wuxuuna qaadi karayay 850 tan oo xamuul ah iyo 430 rakaab ah.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

21-kii May 1996, MV ''Bukoba'' wuxuu ku degay {{convert|30|nmi|km|0}} meel u jirta magaalada [[Mwanza]] biyaha oo qoto dheer yihiin {{convert|25|m|fathom|0}}, taas oo dishay ilaa 1,000 qof.&lt;ref name=Arai&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/21-years-on-mv-bukoba-is-still-remembered-2589486 |title=21 years on, MV Bukoba is still remembered |date=May 21, 2017|publisher=The Citizen |access-date=July 18, 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Diiwaanka dhimashada ee rasmiga ah waa 894, taas oo ka dhigaysa masiibadii badda ee ugu dhimashada badnayd [[Southern Hemisphere|Koonfurta Dhul-baraha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = https://gizmodo.com/5901358/the-13-deadliest-shipwrecks-ever/ | title = The 13 Deadliest Shipwrecks Ever | date = 2012-04-14 &lt;!-- 12:00  --&gt; | accessdate = 2015-12-05 | author = Molly Oswaks | archive-date = 2018-06-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180612211127/https://gizmodo.com/5901358/the-13-deadliest-shipwrecks-ever/ | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Degitaanka==
Diiwaanka rakaabka ee safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu muujiyay 443 rakaab ah oo ku jira dabaqyada koowaad iyo labaad, laakiin dabaqa saddexaad ee raqiiska ah may jirin wax diiwaan ah.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt; [[Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri]], oo markaas ahaa taliye ku xigeenka [[al Qaeda]], ayaa ku dhintay masiibada.&lt;ref name=&quot;day6&quot;&gt;[http://www.911investigations.net/IMG/pdf/doc-1337.pdf Transcript of testimony] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510123223/http://www.911investigations.net/IMG/pdf/doc-1337.pdf |date=2007-05-10 }} in the trial of El Hage and others&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Madaxweynaha Tanzania|Madaxweyne]] [[Benjamin Mkapa]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay saddex maalmood oo baroor-diiq qaran ah.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt; Dacwado dambiyeed ayaa lagu soo oogay sagaal sarkaal oo ka tirsan [[Tanzania Railway Corporation]], oo ay ku jiraan [[kaptanka]] ''Bukoba'' iyo maareeyaha Qaybta Badda ee TRC.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

==Sababaha==

Sababaha suurtagalka ah waxaa aqoonsaday Kaptan Joseph Muguthi, oo hore uga tirsanaan jiray [[Kenya Navy]], qorayna bogagga ''[[Daily Nation]]'' isagoo ah la-taliye xagga maraakiibta ah. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay shil sugayay inuu dhaco, maadaama kivukada Harada Victoria aysan tixgelin xeerarka badbaadada. Gaar ahaan:
#la'aanta [[jaakadaha badbaadada]], [[Lifebuoy|suumanka badbaadada]], iyo [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doomaha badbaadada]];
#la'aanta qalabka daminta dabka;
#la'aanta calaamadaha argagaxa;
#qalabka jira si joogto ah looma hubiyo;
#rar xad-dhaaf ah;
#maraakiibta si joogto ah looma geliyo [[dry dock]] si loogu sameeyo dayactir joogto ah;
#maraakiibta si joogto ah looma baaro;
#dadka kaxeeya maraakiibta (coxswains) uma haysato ruqsad ay ku hagto maraakiibta.{{citation needed|date=Agoosto 2012}}

Muguthi wuxuu ku eedeeyay masiibada in waaxaha badda ee dawladdu ay ka shaqeeyaan shaqaale rayid ah iyo siyaasiyiin aan fahmin maraakiibta iyo go'aamada badda.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

La'aanta qalab iyo quusayaal ayaa qayb ka ahaa sababta gaabiska u ahaa hawlgalka badbaadinta. Kooxaha samatabbixinta ee ka socda [[South Africa]], oo ay ku jiraan quusayaasha [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda]], ayaa la keenay si ay u badbaadiyaan markabka oo ay u soo saaraan meydadka.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

==Beddelka==
Beddelka markabka cusub ayaa dhismihiisa lagu wadaa qiimo dhan 89.9 bilyan/-, kaas oo qaadi kara ilaa 1200 oo rakaab ah, 20 baabuur iyo 400 tan oo xamuul ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/lake-victoria-ships-renewing-cost-150bn|title=Lake Victoria Ships renewing to cost 150bn/-|work=IPP Media|date=March 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Kivukada Harada Victoria]]
* [[2011 Zanzibar ferry sinking]]
* [[Sinking of the MV Nyerere]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{1996 shipwrecks}}

{{Coord|1|59|2|S|32|19|7|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bukoba, MV}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>299091</id>
      <parentid>299090</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:05:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="5480" sha1="9asjpf4w90y3oonevmmbfxbh1m9xxet" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship &lt;!-- commercial vessels --&gt;
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image = Bukoba_19951005.jpg
 | image_caption = M/V Bukoba oo ku sugan dekedda Port Bell, Uganda.
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header = 
 | country = Tanzania
 | flag = {{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 | name = MV ''Bukoba''
 | namesake = Magaalada [[Bukoba]]
 | owner = Dawladda [[Tanzania]]
 | operator = Qaybta Badda ee [[Tanzania Railways Corporation|TRC]]
 | registry = 
 | route = [[Bukoba]] ilaa magaalada [[Mwanza]]
 | ordered = 
 | builder = 
 | original_cost = 
 | yard_number = 
 | way_number = 
 | laid_down = 
 | launched = 
 | completed = 
 | christened = 
 | acquired = 1979
 | maiden_voyage = 
 | in_service = 
 | out_of_service = 
 | identification = {{IMO Number|7636511}}
 | fate = [[Capsize]]d 21 May 1996
 | notes = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header = 
 | header_caption = 
 | class = 
 | type = 
 | tonnage = 850 tan
 | displacement = 
 | length = 
 | beam = 
 | height = 
 | draught = 
 | draft = 
 | depth = 
 | decks = 
 | deck_clearance = 
 | ramps = 
 | ice_class = 
 | sail_plan = 
 | power = 
 | propulsion = 
 | speed = 
 | capacity = 430
 | crew = 
 | notes = 
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Bukoba''''' wuxuu ahaa [[kivuko ka hawlgala Harada Victoria]] kaas oo u qaadi jiray rakaab iyo xamuul [[Tanzania]] dhexdeeda inta u dhaxaysa dekedaha [[Bukoba]] iyo magaalada [[Mwanza]]. Waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray khadka joogtada ah ee u dhexeeya [[Port Bell]], [[Uganda]], iyo [[Mwanza]], [[Tanzania]], guud ahaan [[Harada Victoria]]. MV ''Bukoba'' waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1979-kii, wuxuuna qaadi karayay 850 tan oo xamuul ah iyo 430 rakaab ah.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

21-kii May 1996, MV ''Bukoba'' wuxuu ku degay {{convert|30|nmi|km|0}} meel u jirta magaalada [[Mwanza]] biyaha oo qoto dheer yihiin {{convert|25|m|fathom|0}}, taas oo dishay ilaa 1,000 qof.&lt;ref name=Arai&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/21-years-on-mv-bukoba-is-still-remembered-2589486 |title=21 years on, MV Bukoba is still remembered |date=May 21, 2017|publisher=The Citizen |access-date=July 18, 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Diiwaanka dhimashada ee rasmiga ah waa 894, taas oo ka dhigaysa masiibadii badda ee ugu dhimashada badnayd [[Southern Hemisphere|Koonfurta Dhul-baraha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = https://gizmodo.com/5901358/the-13-deadliest-shipwrecks-ever/ | title = The 13 Deadliest Shipwrecks Ever | date = 2012-04-14 &lt;!-- 12:00  --&gt; | accessdate = 2015-12-05 | author = Molly Oswaks | archive-date = 2018-06-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180612211127/https://gizmodo.com/5901358/the-13-deadliest-shipwrecks-ever/ | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Degitaanka==
Diiwaanka rakaabka ee safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu muujiyay 443 rakaab ah oo ku jira dabaqyada koowaad iyo labaad, laakiin dabaqa saddexaad ee raqiiska ah may jirin wax diiwaan ah.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt; [[Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri]], oo markaas ahaa taliye ku xigeenka [[al Qaeda]], ayaa ku dhintay masiibada.&lt;ref name=&quot;day6&quot;&gt;[http://www.911investigations.net/IMG/pdf/doc-1337.pdf Transcript of testimony] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510123223/http://www.911investigations.net/IMG/pdf/doc-1337.pdf |date=2007-05-10 }} in the trial of El Hage and others&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Madaxweynaha Tanzania|Madaxweyne]] [[Benjamin Mkapa]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay saddex maalmood oo baroor-diiq qaran ah.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt; Dacwado dambiyeed ayaa lagu soo oogay sagaal sarkaal oo ka tirsan [[Tanzania Railway Corporation]], oo ay ku jiraan [[kaptanka]] ''Bukoba'' iyo maareeyaha Qaybta Badda ee TRC.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

==Sababaha==

Sababaha suurtagalka ah waxaa aqoonsaday Kaptan Joseph Muguthi, oo hore uga tirsanaan jiray [[Kenya Navy]], qorayna bogagga ''[[Daily Nation]]'' isagoo ah la-taliye xagga maraakiibta ah. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay shil sugayay inuu dhaco, maadaama kivukada Harada Victoria aysan tixgelin xeerarka badbaadada. Gaar ahaan:
#la'aanta [[jaakadaha badbaadada]], [[Lifebuoy|suumanka badbaadada]], iyo [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doomaha badbaadada]];
#la'aanta qalabka daminta dabka;
#la'aanta calaamadaha argagaxa;
#qalabka jira si joogto ah looma hubiyo;
#rar xad-dhaaf ah;
#maraakiibta si joogto ah looma geliyo [[dry dock]] si loogu sameeyo dayactir joogto ah;
#maraakiibta si joogto ah looma baaro;
#dadka kaxeeya maraakiibta (coxswains) uma haysato ruqsad ay ku hagto maraakiibta.{{citation needed|date=Agoosto 2012}}

Muguthi wuxuu ku eedeeyay masiibada in waaxaha badda ee dawladdu ay ka shaqeeyaan shaqaale rayid ah iyo siyaasiyiin aan fahmin maraakiibta iyo go'aamada badda.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

La'aanta qalab iyo quusayaal ayaa qayb ka ahaa sababta gaabiska u ahaa hawlgalka badbaadinta. Kooxaha samatabbixinta ee ka socda [[South Africa]], oo ay ku jiraan quusayaasha [[South African Navy|Ciidanka Badda]], ayaa la keenay si ay u badbaadiyaan markabka oo ay u soo saaraan meydadka.&lt;ref name=Arai/&gt;

==Beddelka==
Beddelka markabka cusub ayaa dhismihiisa lagu wadaa qiimo dhan 89.9 bilyan/-, kaas oo qaadi kara ilaa 1200 oo rakaab ah, 20 baabuur iyo 400 tan oo xamuul ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/lake-victoria-ships-renewing-cost-150bn|title=Lake Victoria Ships renewing to cost 150bn/-|work=IPP Media|date=March 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Kivukada Harada Victoria]]
* [[2011 Zanzibar ferry sinking]]
* [[Sinking of the MV Nyerere]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{Coord|1|59|2|S|32|19|7|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bukoba, MV}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Aline Sitoe Diatta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3506" sha1="fy5kbpjxppig2scwbwvyu4ynmjc6nae" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image=Bateau Aline sitoé diatta.JPG
 | image_caption=''Aline Sitoe Diatta'' oo ku sugan Dakar sanadkii 2008
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header=
 | country= Senegal
 | flag={{Shipboxflag|Senegal|civil}} 
 | name= MV ''Aline Sitoe Diatta''
 | namesake=[[Aline Sitoe Diatta]]
 | owner= Ministere de l'Economie Maritime et des Transports Maritimes Internationaux&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://app.gl-group.com/register/index.jsp?STyp=201&amp;ManagerNo=395389 |title=Aline Sitoe Diatta |work=[[Germanischer Lloyd]] Register |year=2012 |accessdate=21 Agoosto 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | operator=Consortium Senegalais d'Activites Maritimes (COSAMA SA)&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | registry=[[Dakar]]
 | route=[[Dakar]]—[[Ziguinchor]]
 | ordered=
 | awarded=
 | builder=Fr. Fassmer GmbH &amp; Co. KG., [[Berne, Germany]]&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | original_cost=
 | yard_number=2060&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | way_number=
 | laid_down=1 Luulyo 2006&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | launched=25 Oktoobar 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | sponsor=
 | christened=
 | completed=24 Noofembar 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | acquired=
 | maiden_voyage=
 | in_service=Maarso 2008
 | out_of_service=
 | renamed=
 | reclassified=
 | refit=
 | struck=
 | reinstated=
 | homeport=
 | identification=*{{IMO number|9383132}}
                  *[[Call sign]]: 6WIX&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | motto=
 | nickname=
 | fate=
 | status= {{Ship in active service | 2012 | url=}}
 | notes=
 | badge=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header=
 | header_caption=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fassmer.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Shipbuilding/salesblaetter/SB_49a_RPF_76_Ro_Pax_Ferry.pdf |title=76 m Ro-Pax Ferry |work=fassmer.de |year=2012 |accessdate=21 Agoosto 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | class=  
 | type=[[Roll-on/roll-off#ROPAX|RoPax]] kivuko
 | tonnage=*{{GT|3,481}}
           *{{DWT|693}}
           *{{NetT|1,045}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | displacement= {{Convert|2349|t|LT|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} 
 | length= {{Convert|76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]] 
 | beam= {{Convert|15.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | height=
 | draught={{Convert|3.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | depth= 
 | hold_depth= 
 | decks=5&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | deck_clearance=
 | ramps=
 | power=
 | propulsion=*2 × {{Convert|1800|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} [[Wärtsilä]] 9L20 [[matoor naafto]] ah
              *1 × {{Convert|500|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} bow thruster
              *2 shafts
 | speed= {{Convert|14.5|kn|lk=in}}
 | range= {{Convert|1750|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{Convert|12|kn|abbr=on}} 
 | endurance=
 | boats=
 | capacity=*504 rakaab ah
            *28 baabuur 
 | crew=39 
 | sensors=
 | notes=
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Aline Sitoe Diatta''''' (oo loogu magac daray [[Aline Sitoe Diatta|halgamadii xornimada Senegal]]) waa [[kivuko]] ku jira adeegga firfircoon tan iyo Maarso 2008 inta u dhaxaysa [[Ziguinchor]] iyo [[Dakar]] oo ku taal Badweynta Atlaantik. Markabku wuxuu maraa afka [[Gambia (river)|webiga Gambia]].

Markabka waxaa dhisay 2006-07 shirkadda Fr. Fassmer Shipyards ee Berne, Germany.

Waxaa jira laba safar todobaadkii jihada kasta. Safarku wuxuu qaataa ilaa 15 saacadood, oo ay ku jirto fuulista iyo ka degidda.

Tan iyo markii uu rogmaday oo degay {{MV|Le Joola}} bishii Sebtembar 2002, waxaa aad loogu baraarugay badbaadada rakaabka.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Gaadiidka Senegal]]
* {{MV|Le Joola}} (rogmaday bishii Sebtembar 2002)

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|Aline Sitoe Diatta (ship, 2007)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aline Sitoe Diatta}}</text>
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|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image=Bateau Aline sitoé diatta.JPG
 | image_caption=''Aline Sitoe Diatta'' oo ku sugan Dakar sanadkii 2008
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header=
 | country= Senegal
 | flag={{Shipboxflag|Senegal|civil}} 
 | name= MV ''Aline Sitoe Diatta''
 | namesake=[[Aline Sitoe Diatta]]
 | owner= Ministere de l'Economie Maritime et des Transports Maritimes Internationaux&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://app.gl-group.com/register/index.jsp?STyp=201&amp;ManagerNo=395389 |title=Aline Sitoe Diatta |work=[[Germanischer Lloyd]] Register |year=2012 |accessdate=21 Agoosto 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | operator=Consortium Senegalais d'Activites Maritimes (COSAMA SA)&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | registry=[[Dakar]]
 | route=[[Dakar]]—[[Ziguinchor]]
 | ordered=
 | awarded=
 | builder=Fr. Fassmer GmbH &amp; Co. KG., [[Berne, Germany]]&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | original_cost=
 | yard_number=2060&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | way_number=
 | laid_down=1 Luulyo 2006&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | launched=25 Oktoobar 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | sponsor=
 | christened=
 | completed=24 Noofembar 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | acquired=
 | maiden_voyage=
 | in_service=Maarso 2008
 | out_of_service=
 | renamed=
 | reclassified=
 | refit=
 | struck=
 | reinstated=
 | homeport=
 | identification=*{{IMO number|9383132}}
                  *[[Call sign]]: 6WIX&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | motto=
 | nickname=
 | fate=
 | status= {{Ship in active service | 2012 | url=}}
 | notes=
 | badge=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header=
 | header_caption=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fassmer.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Shipbuilding/salesblaetter/SB_49a_RPF_76_Ro_Pax_Ferry.pdf |title=76 m Ro-Pax Ferry |work=fassmer.de |year=2012 |accessdate=21 Agoosto 2012 |archive-date=2013-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319081138/http://www.fassmer.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Shipbuilding/salesblaetter/SB_49a_RPF_76_Ro_Pax_Ferry.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | class=  
 | type=[[Roll-on/roll-off#ROPAX|RoPax]] kivuko
 | tonnage=*{{GT|3,481}}
           *{{DWT|693}}
           *{{NetT|1,045}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | displacement= {{Convert|2349|t|LT|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} 
 | length= {{Convert|76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]] 
 | beam= {{Convert|15.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | height=
 | draught={{Convert|3.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | depth= 
 | hold_depth= 
 | decks=5&lt;ref name=&quot;GL&quot;/&gt;
 | deck_clearance=
 | ramps=
 | power=
 | propulsion=*2 × {{Convert|1800|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} [[Wärtsilä]] 9L20 [[matoor naafto]] ah
              *1 × {{Convert|500|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} bow thruster
              *2 shafts
 | speed= {{Convert|14.5|kn|lk=in}}
 | range= {{Convert|1750|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{Convert|12|kn|abbr=on}} 
 | endurance=
 | boats=
 | capacity=*504 rakaab ah
            *28 baabuur 
 | crew=39 
 | sensors=
 | notes=
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Aline Sitoe Diatta''''' (oo loogu magac daray [[Aline Sitoe Diatta|halgamadii xornimada Senegal]]) waa [[kivuko]] ku jira adeegga firfircoon tan iyo Maarso 2008 inta u dhaxaysa [[Ziguinchor]] iyo [[Dakar]] oo ku taal Badweynta Atlaantik. Markabku wuxuu maraa afka [[Gambia (river)|webiga Gambia]].

Markabka waxaa dhisay 2006-07 shirkadda Fr. Fassmer Shipyards ee Berne, Germany.

Waxaa jira laba safar todobaadkii jihada kasta. Safarku wuxuu qaataa ilaa 15 saacadood, oo ay ku jirto fuulista iyo ka degidda.

Tan iyo markii uu rogmaday oo degay {{MV|Le Joola}} bishii Sebtembar 2002, waxaa aad loogu baraarugay badbaadada rakaabka.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Gaadiidka Senegal]]
* {{MV|Le Joola}} (rogmaday bishii Sebtembar 2002)

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|Aline Sitoe Diatta (ship, 2007)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aline Sitoe Diatta}}</text>
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      <text bytes="21167" sha1="gsaa5nyojv1n8erknm2l1758waja1t7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=Tanger Jet II 2.jpg
 |image_caption=
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |name=*2004–2007: ''Spirit of Ontario I''
       *2007–2012: ''Tanger Jet II''
       *2012-2013: ''Dolphin Jet''
       *2013-ilaa hadda: ''Virgen de Coromoto''
 |owner=[[Conferry]]
 |operator=*2004–2006: [[Canadian American Transportation Systems|CATS]]
           *2006–2007: ''laid up''
           *2007–2012: [[Förde Reederei Seetouristik|FRS Iberia]]
           *2012-2013: [[Kattegatruten]]
           *2013: [[Förde Reederei Seetouristik|FRS Iberia]]
 |registry=*2004–2007: [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]]  {{flagicon|Bahamas|civil}}
           *2007–2012: [[Tangier]] {{flagicon|Morocco|civil}}
           *2012-2013: [[Limassol]] {{flagicon|Cyprus}}
           *2013-ilaa hadda: [[Pampatar]] {{flagicon|Venezuela}}
 |route= 
 |ordered=
 |builder=[[Austal]]
 |original_cost=
 |yard_number=251
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=
 |launched=6 Oktoobar 2003
 |completed= 2004
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=*{{IMO Number|9279264}}
                 *{{MMSI Number|775513000}}
                 *[[Maritime call sign|Callsign]]: YYNG
 |fate=
 |status=
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |displacement=
 |length={{convert|86.60|m|ft|1|lk=on|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|23.80|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draught=
 |draft={{convert|3.20|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}
 |depth=
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=
 |ice_class=
 |sail_plan=
 |power=4 × [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] 20V 8000 M70 matoorada naaftada&lt;ref name=austal&gt;Austal [http://www.austal.com/en/media/media-releases/04-05-06/Austal-s-North-American-Cat-Purrs-Onto-Lake-Ontario.aspx &quot;Austal's North American cat purrs onto Lake Ontario&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073915/http://www.austal.com/en/media/media-releases/04-05-06/Austal-s-North-American-Cat-Purrs-Onto-Lake-Ontario.aspx |date=2013-01-17 }}, accessed 13 Abriil 2012&lt;/ref&gt;
 |propulsion=4 x Lips LJ120E [[Pump-jet|Waterjets]]&lt;ref name=austal /&gt;
 |speed=ilaa {{convert|45|kn}}
 |capacity=*774 rakaab ah&lt;ref name=austal /&gt;
           *238 baabuur&lt;ref name=austal /&gt;
 |crew=
 |notes=
 }}
}}
'''HSC ''Virgen de Coromoto''''' waa {{convert|86|m|ft|abbr=on}} kivuko [[catamaran]] xawaare sare leh oo ay maamusho [[Conferry|Consolidada de Ferrys C.A.]] oo ka tirsan [[Venezuela]]. Waxaa lagu dhisay [[Australia]] sanadkii 2004 si loogu adeego kivuko xawaare sare leh oo ka shaqeeya [[Lake Ontario]] inta u dhaxaysa [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada iyo [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]. Ka dib markii adeegga kivukada uu guuldaraystay, doonida waxaa la iibiyay sanadkii 2007, waxayna ka shaqaynaysay [[Strait of Gibraltar]] adeeg u dhexeeya [[Spain]]-[[Morocco]] ilaa 2012. Sanadihii 2012–13, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay [[Kattegatruten]] khadkii [[Aarhus]]–[[Kalundborg]] ee [[Denmark]] ilaa Oktoobar 2013 markii khadkaas la baajiyay.

==Tilmaamaha markabka==
Markabka waxaa la dhisay 2004-tii [[Austal]] ee [[Perth]], [[Australia]]. Catamaran-ku wuxuu leeyahay dherer guud oo dhan 86.60 mitir iyo balac dhan 23.80 m. Miisaankiisa guud waa 6,242 GT. Mishiinada wuxuu ka kooban yahay afar [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU]] matoor oo leh awood guud oo ah 4 x 8,200&amp;nbsp;kW (44,595 HP), taas oo u oggolaanaysa xawaare adeeg oo ugu badnaan ah {{convert|45|kn|km/h}}. Markabku wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu qaado 774 rakaab ah iyo 238 baabuur (ama ugu badnaan 10 xamuul iyo 150 baabuur) oo la dejin karo dusha markabka.

==Taariikhda adeegga kivukada ee Rochester–Toronto==
[[File:The Breeze Fast Ferry 2004-08-08.JPG|right|thumb|''Spirit of Ontario I'' oo soo gaaraysa dekedda Rochester]]
[[File:Spirit of Ontario I - arriving in Toronto.jpg|thumb|right|''Spirit of Ontario I'' oo soo gaaraysa Toronto]]
Markabka waxaa keenay Austal 2004, waxaana loogu magac daray ''Spirit of Ontario I'' hawl-wadeenka [[Canadian American Transportation Systems]] (CATS) khad dhan {{convert|82|nmi|mi km}} oo ka gudba [[Lake Ontario]], isagoo isku xira dekedaha [[Rochester, New York]], iyo [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]. Adeegga kivukada xawaaraha sare leh ee u dhexeeya labada dekedood ayaa laga wada hadlay, waxaana hormuud ka ahaa siyaasiyiin deegaanka ah iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ganacsiga, gaar ahaan [[upstate New York]], laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii ilaa horraantii 2000-meeyadii.{{sfn|Filey|2008|p=160}} Magaalada Rochester ayaa dhistay terminal kivuko iyadoo rajaynaysa in adeeggaas la hirgeliyo.

===Xilligii 2004===
Koox maalgashadayaal ah ayaa sameeyay shirkad Maraykan ah oo lagu magacaabo [[Canadian American Transportation Systems]] (CATS) taas oo markaa gashay qandaraas lagu dhisayo ''Spirit of Ontario I'' oo lala galay Austal 2003.

Markabku wuxuu ka baxay [[Perth]] 17-kii Febraayo 2004, isagoo ka gudbay [[Pacific Ocean]] kana gudbay [[Panama Canal]], wuxuuna gaaray [[New York City]] 1-dii Abriil 2004. Markabka aluminiumka ah ayaa wax yar ka soo gaaray dhaawac intii uu ku xirnaa dhacdo xiriirka dadwaynaha ah oo ka dhacday [[South Street Seaport]], taas oo ku qasabtay Austal inay sameeyaan dayactir degdeg ah ka hor inta aysan sii wadin safarkooda iyagoo sii maraya [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]] iyo [[St. Lawrence Seaway]], waxayna gaareen Rochester 27-kii Abriil 2004.

CATS waxay kor u qaadday adeegga cusub, iyadoo hiigsanaysa inay bilowdo hawlgallada horaantii Maajo 2004. Iyada oo qayb ka ah hawlahooda xayaysiinta ee bilihii ka horreeyay ''Spirit of Ontario I'' ee soo gaaray Lake Ontario, suuq-geeyayaasha CATS waxay abuureen tartan loogu talagalay tigidhada fuulista bilaashka ah halkaas oo xubnaha dadweynuhu ay soo gudbin karaan talooyin ku saabsan &quot;naanaysta&quot; rasmiga ah ee adeegga. Qaabka guulaystay wuxuu ahaa &quot;The Breeze&quot;, laakiin magaciisii diiwaangashanaa wuxuu ahaan jiray ''Spirit of Ontario I''. &quot;The Breeze&quot; waxaa loo isticmaali jiray oo kaliya istaraatiijiyad suuqgeyn CATS iyo calaamad ganacsi oo diiwaangashan adeegga laftiisa.

====Dhibaatooyinka bilowga====
Bilowga hawlgallada ee horraantii Maajo 2004 ma ahayn mid suurtagal ah dhowr sababood dartood:
*Dayactirka jirka ee New York City bishii Abriil, taasoo dib u riixday taariikhda bixinta.
*Dayactirka mashiinka oo lama filaan ahayd bishii Maajo iyo horraantii Juun 2004 ka dib markii uu yimid Lake Ontario.
*Khilaaf ku saabsan lacagta bixinta adeegyada kastamka Canada ee Toronto. Dawladda federaalka ah ee Canada waxay meel marisay sharci 1990-meeyadii kaas oo qof kasta oo si gaar ah u leh meel cusub oo xuduudka laga tallaabo (sida adeegga kivukada ama buundada lacagta lagu qaado ee gaarka loo leeyahay) ay tahay inuu bixiyo adeegyadooda kastamka iyada oo aan wax kharash ah ku jirin cashuur bixiyeyaasha Canada.
*Dhismaha socda ee terminal kivuko ee Toronto. Dhismo terminal ku meel gaar ah iyo goob baabuurta la dhigto ayaa si degdeg ah loo dhammaystiray bilowgii guga ee hawlgallada halka dhismaha terminal rakaab ah oo joogto ah uu bilaabmay.

[[File:Original Ferry PIC.JPG|right|thumb|Qaybta dambe ee &quot;Spirit of Ontario I&quot; oo ku ciyaaraysa calaamadeeda duugga ah ee caleenta maple iyo xiddigta. Hore waxaa ku yaal Dekedda Rochester oo la dhisayo.]]
Dib u dhacyadii urursanaa ayaa riixay taariikhda bilowga ee ''Spirit of Ontario I'' ilaa 17-kii Juun 2004.{{sfn|Filey|2008|p=161}} Inta lagu guda jiro wakhtigan, ''[[Lake Express]]'', oo ah kivuko catamaran xawaare sare leh oo aad u yar, oo sidoo kale dhistay Austal Ships (ee [[Alabama]]), ayaa galay adeegga [[Lake Michigan]], isagoo sheeganaya inuu yahay adeegga ugu horreeya ee kivukada baabuurta xawaaraha sare leh ee Great Lakes.

====Dhibaatooyinka hawlgallada====
Ka dib markii hawlgalladu bilaabmeen, ''Spirit of Ontario I'' waxay si lagu kalsoonaan karo ugu shaqeysay adeegga maalinlaha ah ee u dhexeeya Rochester iyo Toronto, iyada oo samaynaysay hal ama laba safar oo wareeg ah maalin kasta oo leh wakhti wadarta guud ee ka gudubka ah 2.5 saacadood oo ay ku jirto rarka/dejinta iyo kastamka/socdaalka. Adeeggu wuxuu markii hore lahaa rakaab yar sababtoo ah hubanti la'aanta ku saabsan bilowga horraantii guga iyo suuq-geyn liidata iyo la'aanta calaamadaha waddooyinka ee Toronto. Dhibaatooyinkan waxaa laga gudbay horraantii Agoosto 2004, markabkuna wuxuu qaadayay ku dhawaad awood buuxda bishii oo dhan. Adeeggu wuxuu lahaa warbixino sheegaya inuu qaaday in ka badan 100,000 oo rakaab ah bishii Sebtembar.

CATS waxay joojisay adeegga kivukada ee ''Spirit of Ontario I'' si aan xad lahayn 7-dii Sebtembar 2004{{sfn|Filey|2008|p=161}} iyada oo shirkaddu ay sheegtay dhibaatooyin dhaqaale oo la xiriira dib u dhacyadii bilowga ahaa ee helitaanka markabka oo shaqeynaya iyo seegitaanka taariikhda bilowga adeegga ee Maajo.

Waxyaabaha ka qaybqaatay dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee shirkadda kivukada ayaa la sheegay inay yihiin:

*Horumarka gaabiska ah ee [[Toronto Port Authority]] ee dhismaha [[International Marine Passenger Terminal]] ee joogtada ah ee Toronto. Dib u dhacyada ku yimid xataa xarumaha terminalka ku meel gaarka ah ee la dhisay Toronto guga 2004 waxay ahayd sabab kale oo ku qasabtay dib u dhac ku yimid bilowga adeegga ilaa bartamihii Juun.
*CATS waxay dareentay in laga qaadayo kharashyo xad-dhaaf ah oo kastamka Canada iyo socdaalka ah. Adeegyada dekeda laga galo ee Maraykanka ayaa laga bixinayay Rochester iyada oo aan wax kharash ah ku jirin CATS halka adeegyada dekeda laga galo ee Canada ay ahayd in shirkaddu ay si buuxda u daboosho, taas oo keentay kharash qarsoon oo ku jira qiimaha tigidh kasta.
*CATS waxay ku eedaysay kastamka Maraykanka inaanu siinin ogolaansho ''Spirit of Ontario I'' inay qaado xamuul iyo xamuul degdeg ah, iyada oo sheegtay in tani ay beddeshay qorshihii asalka ahaa ee ganacsiga.
*CATS waxay u dulqaadatay dhaleeceyn labada dalba ka timid oo ku saabsan go'aanka ah in ''Spirit of Ontario I'' lagu diiwaan geliyo calanka [[Bahamas]], oo ah waddan [[flag of convenience]], la sheegay in ujeeddooyin cashuur ah. CATS way awooday inay tan samayso maadaama markabku uu ka shaqaynayay adeeg caalami ah; Intaa waxaa dheer, maadaama ''Spirit of Ontario I'' uu ahaa markab shisheeye lagu dhisay, CATS waxay ahayd inay bixiso ganaaxyo waaweyn haddii ay diiwaan gelin lahayd markabka midkood Canada ama Maraykanka (gaar ahaan Maraykanka, iyadoo la eegayo xannibaadaha waxyaabaha gudaha ee [[Merchant Marine Act of 1920|Jones Act]]).
*Sababtoo ah diiwaangelinta [[flag state|calanka shisheeye]] ee ''Spirit of Ontario I'', CATS waxaa looga baahnaa inay bixiso adeegyada [[pilotage]] ee safar kasta (qiyaastii $6000 safar kasta). Maraakiibta Canada iyo Maraykanka ee diiwaangashan ayaa ka dhaafan baahida adeegyada duuliyeyaasha inta ay ku dhex safraan [[Great Lakes]].

CATS waxay ku dhawaaqday kacitaan dayrtii 2004 iyo ''Spirit of Ontario I'' waxaa qabsaday [[United States Marshals Service]] si dib loogu iibiyo si loo bixiyo deymaha. Markabku wuxuu ku sii xirnaa terminalka kivukada ee Rochester intii lagu jiray dayrtii iyo jiilaalkii 2004–2005.

===Adeeggii 2005 dib u bilaabashadii===
Terminalka joogtada ah ee Toronto ee loo isticmaalo kivukada rakaabka/baabuurta iyo maraakiibta dalxiiska rakaabka ayaa la dhammaystiray horraantii 2005. Xaruntu waxay ku taallaa agagaarka terminalka ku meel gaarka ah ee hadda la burburiyay ee Cherry Street slip ee dekedda gudaha ee Toronto. Goobta Cherry Street slip ayaa caddaatay inay tahay mid muran dhaliyay dadka reer Toronto maadaama ay ku taallaa [[brownfield|aag hore oo warshado ah]] qiyaastii {{convert|6|km|mi}} koonfur-bari ee xudunta bartamaha magaalada oo aysan lahayn xiriir [[Toronto Transit Commission|gaadiid dadweyne]] oo ku habboon dadka lugaynaya.

28-kii Febraayo 2005, US Marshals waxay qabteen xaraash kacitaan Rochester ee ''Spirit of Ontario I''; qofkii guulaystay wuxuu ahaa &quot;Rochester Ferry Company LLC&quot;, oo ahayd shirkad hoosaad ka tirsan magaalada Rochester oo leh dalab la sheegay oo ah US$32 milyan. Rochester Ferry Company LLC waxay ku guulaysatay maalgelinta dalabkan iyada oo loo marayo amaah ka timid dawladda federaalka ee Australia.

Rochester Ferry Company LLC waxay ku dhawaaqday Abriil 2005 in [[Northumberland Ferries Limited]] (NFL), oo ah shirkadda waalidka ee [[Bay Ferries Limited]], loo doortay inay maamusho oo ay maamusho adeegga kivukada iyo markabka. NFL waxay samaysay [[Bay Ferries Great Lakes]] (BFGL) si ay u maamusho adeegga. Rochester Ferry Company LLC waxay sidoo kale ballan qaadday in ay ka beddesho calanka ''Spirit of Ontario I'' oo laga saaro [[Bahamas]] oo loo beddelo [[United States]], si looga fogaado bixinta kharashyada duulista ee qaaliga ah ee la siiyo maraakiibta aan Maraykanka ama Canada diiwaangashanayn ee Great Lakes. Bishii Diseembar 2005 markabku wuxuu weli ahaa calanka Bahamian, iyadoo la sugayo dhammaystirka tababarka shaqaale dhan Maraykan ah; tababarka noocaas ah ayaa la filayay in la dhammaystiro dhowrka bilood ee soo socda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.10nbc.com/index.asp?template=item | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303134135/http://www.10nbc.com/index.asp?template=item | archive-date=2007-03-03 | title=10Nbc / Whec Tv-10 | access-date=2010-12-28 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

BFGL iyo Rochester Ferry Company LLC waxay isku raaceen laba mashruuc oo waaweyn oo la xiriira bilowga adeegga ''Spirit of Ontario I'' 17-kii Juun 2005, kuwaas oo kala ah:

*Kacitaanka CATS, mulkiilayaashii ugu horreeyay ee markabka, ayaa buriyay dammaanad kasta oo ku saabsan matoorada MTU. Rochester Ferry Company LLC, iyadoo isticmaalaysa maalgelinteeda Australia ay taageerto, waxay heshiis la gaartay MTU Abriil 2005 taas oo aragtay shirkadda kivukada oo bixisay US$1.3 milyan oo ay siisay MTU si loo sii wado nidaamyada wadista markabka iyadoo hoos timaada dammaanad.
*Markabku wuxuu u baahday kormeerka jirka, dib-u-rinjiye (si looga saaro calaamaddii hore ee CATS iyo magaca suuq-geynta &quot;The Breeze&quot;), iyo dayactirro yaryar. Markabku wuxuu u safray dekedda kaliya ee Lake Ontario ee hadhay [[shipyard]] (oo ah [[Port Weller Dry Dock]]) ee [[St. Catharines, Ontario]] horraantii Maajo 2005. Intii uu ku jiray [[dry dock]], dhibaato ayaa laga helay nidaamka wadista, taas oo u baahnayd wax ka beddelidda [[software]]. MTU waxay sidoo kale bilowday inay samayso dayactirka dammaanadda iyo shaqada dayactirka ee matoorada markabka.

[[File:Spirit of Ontario I 2005-05-30.jpg|right|thumb|''Spirit of Ontario I'' oo ku taal Port Weller dry dock, oo leh calaamad cusub]]

Markabka ayaa lagu rinjiyeeyay calaamado cusub oo ay ku jiraan [[Bay Ferries Great Lakes]], iyo sidoo kale magac cusub oo suuq-geyn ah oo loogu talagalay adeegga kivukada xawaaraha sare leh ee Rochester-Toronto; &quot;The Cat&quot; waa magaca suuq-geynta isku midka ah ee loo isticmaalo shirkadda walaashii BFGL [[Bay Ferries]] adeegga kivukada xawaaraha sare leh ee [[Yarmouth, Nova Scotia]] ilaa [[Bar Harbor, Maine]] tan iyo 1998.

Markii uu ku soo laabtay Rochester, BFGL waxay bilowday shaqaaleysiinta shaqaalaha iyo samaynta tababarka shaqaalaha iyo laylisyada degdegga ah. Dhowr safar oo tijaabo ah ayaa lagu sameeyay Rochester iyo Toronto intii lagu jiray horraantii Juun 2005.

Adeegga kivukada xawaaraha sare leh ee u dhexeeya Rochester iyo Toronto ayaa dib loo bilaabay 30-kii Juun 2005, 13 maalmood goor dambe. Adeegga kivukada waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu socdo sanadka oo dhan; si kastaba ha ahaatee, 8-dii Diseembar 2005, BFGL waxay ku dhawaaqday inay joojin doonto adeegga jiilaalka 12-kii Diseembar 2005, oo ay isku dayi doonto inay kireysato markabka adeegga kivukada ee [[Caribbean]] inta lagu jiro jiilaalka.

===Gooynta maalgelinta 2006===
10-kii Janaayo 2006, duqa magaalada Rochester ee dhawaan la doortay [[Robert Duffy (mayor)|Robert Duffy]] wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in dawladda magaaladu aysan ansixin doonin codsiga guddiga kivukada ee maalgelin dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay shirkadda hoosaadka ee magaalada Rochester Ferry Company LLC si adeeggu uu dib ugu bilaabo xagaaga. Tani waxay si wax ku ool ah u dishay rajo kasta oo ah in ''Spirit of Ontario I'' ay ku soo laaban doonto hawlgalkeeda Lake Ontario. Magaalada Rochester waxay ku lahayd BFGL $2.5 milyan dammaanad dakhli ah waana in markabka la iibiyo.

Markii hore waxaa loo malaynayay in Bay Ferries Great Lakes ay ka fiirsan doonto helitaanka ''Spirit of Ontario I'' maadaama shirkadda la siiyay ikhtiyaarka koowaad ee markabka, haddii ay weligood iibin lahayd Rochester Ferry Company LLC. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, BFGL may fulin ikhtiyaarkooda, magaalada Rochester waxay bilowday habka xiritaanka Rochester Ferry Company LLC iyadoo liis gareynaysa markabka adeegyada dullaalnimada badda ee caalamiga ah.

===Markabka iibka===
2-dii Maajo 2006, shirkadda magaaladu waxay ku dhawaaqday in shirkad [[Great Britain|British]] ah oo lagu magacaabo Euroferries Limited ay iibsanayso markabka si loogu isticmaalo adeegga ka gudba [[English Channel|channel]]. Qiimaha iibka ee $29.8 milyan wuxuu ka gaabnaa $32 milyan oo magaaladu waydiisatay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa kii ugu sarreeyay toddobada dalab.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Fast Ferry is sold |url=http://www.news10nbc.com/index.asp?template=item&amp;story_id=18665 |website=WHEC-TV |access-date=8 Diseembar 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313015351/http://www.news10nbc.com/index.asp?template=item&amp;story_id=18665 |archive-date=13 Maarso 2007 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Maalgelinta iibka ayaa la filayay in la dhammaystiro dhamaadka xagaaga si kastaba ha ahaatee shuruudaha heshiiska ayaa weli laga wada hadlayay Diseembar 2006 waxaana u muuqatay in markabka uu ku xirnaan doono Lake Ontario markii St. Lawrence Seaway uu xirmay jiilaalka dhamaadka bisha.

Rochester Ferry Company LLC waxay qaadatay go'aanka ah in loo guuro kivukada dekedda aan barafka lahayn ee [[Shelburne, Nova Scotia|Shelburne]], [[Nova Scotia]] (oo lahaa kharashyo ka jaban Rochester) ilaa iibka la dhammaystiri karo, halkii laga tagi lahaa Rochester. Ka bixitaanka markabka ayaa si degdeg ah loo qorsheeyay habeenkii Khamiista, Diseembar 21. Dad badan ayaa isu soo baxay si ay sagootiyaan, Duqa Duffy ayaana sameeyay hadal kooban. Kivukada ayaa ka tagtay Dekedda Rochester weligeed qiyaastii 6:45 PM, geeskeeda oo dhawaaqaya. Markabku wuxuu yimid shipyard ee [[Halifax Urban Area|Halifax]], Nova Scotia 26-kii Diseembar. Dayactirka iyo kormeerka ka dib, ''Spirit of Ontario I'' wuxuu sii watay Shelburne bishii Febraayo 2007 halkaas oo markabka lagu xiray iyadoo la sugayo gorgortanka iibka.

==Wadooyinka Yurub==
[[File:Kattegat-ruten - Dolphin Jet 20120826.JPG|240px|thumbnail|Kattegat-ruten Dolphin Jet bishii Agoosto 2012.]]
Markabka waxaa la iibiyay Abriil 2007 shirkadda Jarmalka [[Förde Reederei Seetouristik]] (FRC) adeeggeeda kivukada ee u dhexeeya [[Tarifa|Tarifa, Spain]] iyo [[Tangiers|Tangiers, Morocco]]. Markabka waxaa loo bixiyay ''Tanger Jet II''.{{sfn|Filey|2008|p=161}}

Bishii Luulyo 2012, markabku wuxuu galay taraafikada u dhexeeya [[Kalundborg]] iyo [[Aarhus]] ee [[Denmark]] ee [[Kattegatruten]], waxaana loo bixiyay ''Dolphin Jet''. Ka dib 24 maalmood oo kaliya oo adeeg ah, markabka waxaa lagu xiray Aarhus. Ka dib markii khadka la baajiyay Oktoobar 2013, markabka waxaa la iibiyay Venezuelan [[Conferry]] waxaana loo beddelay ''Virgen de Coromoto''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=9279264&amp;lang=en |title=HSC Virgen de Coromoto |website=The ferry site |access-date=20 Abriil 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Venezuela ==
Conferry waxay isticmaashay ''Virgen de Coromoto'' adeegga kivukada ee [[Margarita Island|Margarita]]. Shirkaddu waxay ku guuldaraysatay inay dayactirto markabka, bartamihii 2015-kiina wuu jabay. 2017 dawladda Venezuela waxay isku dayday inay iibiso kivukada iyada oo loo marayo dullaalka Unlimited Maritime Solutions, laakiin waxay ku guuldaraysatay inay heshiis la gaaraan iibsadayaal suurtagal ah. Tan ka dib, markabka waxaa loo jiiday [[Puerto Cabello]] dayactir, halkaas oo uu ku sii jiray ilaa 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Orr |first=Steve |date=2019-03-29 |title=Rochester's fast ferry is a political issue again. This time it could topple a government. |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2019/03/29/rochester-ny-fast-ferry-guiado-overthrow-maduro-venezuela-government/3302273002/ |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=Democrat and Chronicle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Ilaha==
*{{cite book | author-link = Mike Filey |last=Filey |first=Mike |publisher=Dundurn Press |location=Toronto, ON |title=Toronto: The Way We Were |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-55002-842-3}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://www.frs.es Bogga rasmiga ah ee FRS]
*[http://www.nfl-bay.com Northumberland Ferries Limited (iyo shirkadaha hoosaadka: Bay Ferries Limited iyo Bay Ferries Great Lakes Limited)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101213043843/http://austal.com/files/delivery/Product-86m-Ferries-Veh-Pass-Spirit.pdf Austal Ships - Auto Express 86 - ''Spirit of Ontario I'' tilmaamaha]
*[http://www.euroferries.co.uk Euroferries Limited]
*[http://www.frs.ma Bogga rasmiga ah ee FRS Maroc]

{{City of Rochester, NY}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Virgen de Coromoto}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tarifa Jet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47726</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299094</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:22:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7089" sha1="qqw6fltvs5sggkibwfvt5ssei0komm2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
| display_title = HSC ''Tarifa Jet''
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image = hsc tarifa jet.jpg
 | image_caption = ''Tarifa Jet'' sanadkii 2006
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header = 
 | name = *1997: ''Incat 043''
          *1997-2004: ''Sicilia Jet''
          *2004-2005: ''Sardinia Jet''
          *2005-2006: ''Pescara Jet''
          *2006-ilaa hadda: '''''Tarifa Jet'''''
 | owner = *1997-2006: [[SNAV]]
           *2006-2024: [[FRS Iberia/Maroc]]
           *2024-ilaa hadda: [[File:DFDS house flag.svg|border|20px]] [[DFDS Seaways]]
 | operator = *1997-2006: [[SNAV]]
              *2006-2024: [[FRS Iberia/Maroc]]
              *2024-ilaa hadda: [[File:DFDS house flag.svg|border|20px]] [[DFDS Seaways]]
 | registry = [[Dover, England|Dover]], {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tarifa Jet [Reg] |url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:3726921/mmsi:232059657/imo:9150999/vessel:TARIFA_JET|accessdate=21 Abriil 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | builder = [[Incat]], [[Tasmania]], [[Australia]]
 | yard_number = 043
 | route = *[[St Malo]] ⇄ [[Jersey]]
 | ordered = 
 | original_cost = 
 | way_number = 
 | laid_down = 
 | launched = 8 Febraayo 1997
 | completed = 1997
 | christened = 
 | acquired = 
 | maiden_voyage = 
 | in_service = 
 | out_of_service = 
 | identification = {{IMO Number|9150999}}
 | fate = 
 | status = 
 | notes = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header = 
 | header_caption = 
 | class = 
 | tonnage = {{GT|5007}}
 | displacement = 
 | length = {{convert|86.62|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | beam = {{convert|26|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | height = 
 | draught = 
 | draft = {{convert|3.63|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | depth = 
 | decks = 
 | deck_clearance = 
 | ramps = 
 | ice_class = 
 | sail_plan = 
 | power = 4 × Ruston 20RK270 (28320 kW wadarta)
 | propulsion = 
 | speed = ilaa {{convert|42|kn}}
 | capacity = *800 rakaab ah
              *175 baabuur
 | crew = 18
 | notes = 
 }}
}}
'''''Tarifa Jet''''' waa kivuko [[catamaran]] [[high-speed craft|xawaare sare leh]] oo ay leedahay ayna maamusho [[DFDS Seaways]]. Waxaa la dhisay 1997, waxay markii hore ka shaqaynaysay [[Southern Europe|Koonfurta Yurub]] iyadoo hoos timaada [[SNAV]] saddex magac, ka dibna [[FRS Iberia/Maroc]] iyadoo wadata magaceeda hadda. Waxay hadda ka shaqaysaa inta u dhaxaysa [[St Malo]], [[France]] iyo [[Jersey]] ee [[Channel Islands]].

==Taariikhda==
Waxaa dhisay 1997 shirkadda [[Incat]] ee [[Tasmania]], [[Australia]] iyadoo lagu magacaabo ''Incat 043'', markabka waxaa markii ugu horreysay la keenay Maajo 1997.

===SNAV===
''Incat 043'' waxaa la iibiyay 1997 hawl-wadeenka Talyaaniga ee [[SNAV]] iyadoo loo bixiyay ''Sicilia Jet.'' Intii lagu guda jiray sannadihii dambe ee ay la joogtay SNAV, markabka waxaa loo bixiyay magac laba jeer, markii ugu horreysay ''Sardinia Jet'' ugu dambayntiina ''Pescara Jet.''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=HSC Tarifa Jet (Ex Incat 043) Past and Present|url=https://www.doverferryphotosforums.co.uk/hsc-tarifa-jet-ex-incat-043-past-and-present/|accessdate=21 Abriil 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===FRS===
Sannadkii 2006, markabka waxaa la iibiyay [[FRS Iberia/Maroc]] waxaana loo beddelay ''Tarifa Jet''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=HSC Tarifa Jet (Ex Incat 043) Past and Present|url=https://www.doverferryphotosforums.co.uk/hsc-tarifa-jet-ex-incat-043-past-and-present/|accessdate=21 Abriil 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===DFDS Seaways===
Sannadkii 2024, [[DFDS Seaways]] waxay iibsatay FRS Iberia/Maroc.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DFDS’ acquisition of FRS Iberia/Maroc completed|url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/dfds-acquisition-of-frs-iberiamaroc-completed.aspx|date=20 Jan 2024|accessdate=21 Abriil 2025|publisher=Shippax}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib go'aanka [[Jersey]] ee ahaa in loo magacaabo DFDS hawl-wadeenkooda cusub,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DFDS Jersey-St Malo schedule shows daily ferries in peak season but slower sailings than Condor|url=https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2025-01-23/dfds-jersey-st-malo-schedule-revealed-with-slower-sailings-than-condor|date=23 Janaayo 2025|accessdate=14 Febraayo 2025|publisher=ITV}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Tarifa Jet'' waxaa loo wareejiyay adeegga St Malo ilaa Jersey laga bilaabo gu'gii 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/news/2025/04/11/dfds-fast-ferry-arrives-in-jersey/|title=DFDS fast ferry arrives in Jersey|date=11 Abriil 2025|accessdate=21 Abriil 2025|publisher=Jersey Evening Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii Juun 2025, DFDS waxay bilowday adeeg todobaadle ah oo Isniinta ah oo u dhexeeya Jersey iyo [[Guernsey]] iyadoo isticmaalaysa ''Tarifa Jet''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Clayton |first=Laura |date=2025-06-16 |title=DFDS launches its own inter-island service |url=https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/news-ge/dfds-launches-its-own-inter-island-service/ |work=Bailiwick Express |publisher=All Island Media Limited |access-date=2026-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeegyada badanaa waa la baajiyay, ka dibna, jadwalka la daabacay ka dib Oktoobar ayaa ka saaray adeegga, mana uusan dib u bilaaban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2025-07-22 |title=Some weekly inter-island ferry services cancelled |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5ylnnv0575o |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2026-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Young |first=Lisa |date=2025-10-02 |title=Ferry schedule issued without inter-island timings |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce84p81kx9eo |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2026-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Qaab-dhismeedka==
Catamaran-ku wuxuu leeyahay dherer guud oo ah 86.62 mitir, balac dhan 26.00 m iyo qoto dheer oo ah 3.62 m, miisaanka guud waa 4.995 GT. Mishiinada wuxuu ka kooban yahay afar matoor oo Ruston 20RK270 ah oo leh awood guud oo dhan 28320&amp;nbsp;kW (38,500 HP) taas oo u oggolaanaysa xawaare adeeg oo ugu badnaan ah {{convert|42|kn}}. 800 rakaab ah iyo 185 baabuur ayaa la dejin karaa dusha markabka; sagxadda baabuurta waxaa laga galaa laba maraakiibta dambe.

==Shilalka iyo dhacdooyinka==
29-kii Maarso 2026, ''Tarifa Jet'' waxay ku dhacday linkspan-ka bari ee [[Saint Helier Harbour|St Helier Harbour]], [[Jersey]]. Kivukada ayaa lumisay awooddii wax yar ka dib, dabadeedna qaybta dambe ayaa waxyeello gaartay. Qofna kuma dhaawacmin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2026-03-29 |title=DFDS cancels Jersey to Saint Malo sailing after vessel collides with harbour ramp in St Helier |url=https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2026-03-29/dfds-cancels-jersey-to-saint-malo-sailing |work=[[ITV News]] |access-date=2026-03-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jeune |first=James |date=2026-03-29|title=Investigation to take place after DFDS Tarifa Jet vessel “made contact” with ferry berth |url=https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/news/investigation-to-take-place-after-dfds-tarifa-jet-vessel-made-contact-with-ferry-berth/ |work=Bailiwick Express |publisher=All Island Media Limited |access-date=2026-03-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maraakiibta walaalaha ah==
*[[HSC Champion Jet 1|''Champion Jet 1'']]
*[[HSC Champion Jet 2|''Champion Jet 2'']]
*[[HSC Champion Jet 3|''Champion Jet 3'']]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://www.frs.es Bogga rasmiga ah ee FRS Iberia]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarifa Jet}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stena Vinga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47727</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299095</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:24:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8214" sha1="5ntxv3cskme731fnkynx5gwd5grdf7y" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship &lt;!-- commercial vessels --&gt;
| infobox_caption = &lt;!-- keywords: yes, nodab; or caption text --&gt;
| display_title = &lt;!-- keywords: none, ital; or article title with markup --&gt;
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image = Stena Vinga.jpg
 | image_size = 
 | image_caption = ''Stena Vinga'' sanadkii 2019
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header = 
 | name = *2005-2018: ''Hammerodde''
          *2018-ilaa hadda: ''Stena Vinga''
 | owner = *2005-2017: [[BornholmerFærgen]] 
           *2017-ilaa hadda: [[Stena Line]]
 | operator = *2005-2018: [[BornholmerFærgen]]
              *2018-2025: [[Stena Line]]
              *2023: Intershipping
              *2025-ilaa hadda: [[DFDS Seaways]]
 | registry = [[Gothenburg, Sweden|Gothenburg]], {{flag|Sweden|civi}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=STENA VINGA [REG] |url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:159086/mmsi:266467000/imo:9323699/vessel:STENA_VINGA|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | route = 
* [[Portsmouth]]⇄[[Jersey]]               
 | ordered = 
 | builder = {{ill|Merwede Shipyard, Hardinxveld|nl}}, [[Netherlands]]
 | original_cost = 
 | yard_number = 
 | way_number = 
 | laid_down = 
 | launched = 11 Abriil 2005
 | completed = 
 | christened = 
 | acquired = 
 | maiden_voyage = 
 | in_service = 2005
 | out_of_service = 
 | identification = *{{IMO Number|9323699}}
                    *{{MMSI Number|266467000}}
                    *[[Maritime call sign|Callsign]]: SBCT
 | fate = 
 | status = {{Ship in active service}}
 | notes = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header = 
 | header_caption = 
 | class = 
 | type = [[Roll-on/roll-off|ROPAX]] kivuko
 | tonnage = {{GT|14,551}}
 | displacement = 
 | length = {{convert|129.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | beam = {{convert|23.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | height = 
 | draft = {{convert|5.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | depth = 
 | hold_depth = 
 | decks = 
 | ramps = 
 | power = *2 × [[Maschinenbau Kiel|MaK]] 9M32 diesel 
           *4,320 kW midkiiba 600 rpm
 | propulsion = 
 | speed = ugu badnaan {{convert|18.5|kn|lk=in}}
 | range = 
 | boats = 
 | capacity = *400 rakaab ah
              *200 baabuur
              *{{convert|1500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} xariijin baabuurta
 | crew = 
 | notes = 
 }}
}}
'''''Stena Vinga''''' waa kivuko [[roll-on/roll-off]] ah oo ay leedahay [[Stena Line]] ayna [[chartering (shipping)|kireysay]] [[DFDS Seaways]] oo ka shaqeeya inta u dhaxaysa [[Jersey]] ee [[Channel Islands]] iyo [[Portsmouth]], [[England]]. Waxaa la dhisay 2005 iyadoo lagu magacaabo '''''Hammerodde''''' shirkadda [[Bornholmstrafikken]] (oo hadhow noqotay BornholmerFærgen), waxayna ka shaqaynaysay adeegyadeeda [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltic]]. Sannadkii 2017, waxaa iibsatay Stena Line, taas oo kooban u kireysay BornholmerFærgen, ka hor intaysan gelin adeegga shirkadda 2018 iyadoo magaceedu yahay ''Stena Vinga''. Tan iyo 2025, waxaa loo kireeyay DFDS, taas oo qorshaynaysa inay iibsato oo ay u beddesho magaceeda marka la gaaro Noofambar 2026. 

==Taariikhda==
===Bornholmstrafikken/BornholmerFærgen===
[[File:BornholmerFærgen MS Hammerodde.jpg|thumb|left|''Hammerodde'' sanadkii 2005]]
''Hammerodde'' waxay gashay adeegga [[Bornholmstrafikken]] sanadkii 2005. Waxay ka shaqaynaysay waddooyin isku xira [[Køge]], [[Rønne]] iyo [[Ystad]], iyadoo sidoo kale dhammaystiraysay adeegyo qaar u dhexeeya Rønne iyo [[Sassnitz]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Stena Vinga past &amp; present|url=https://www.doverferryphotosforums.co.uk/mv-stena-vinga-past-and-present/|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib markii tan la sameeyay, 2010 waxaa lagu sameeyay dayactir iyo dib-u-dhis [[STX Europe]], [[Helsinki]] iyadoo lagu daray sagxad xamuul oo dheeri ah oo dhanka dambe ah, iyo sidoo kale 5m oo dherer ah oo ducktail sponson ah, badhka cusub iyo marawaxadaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Stena Vinga details|url=https://www.niferry.co.uk/stena-vinga-stena-line/|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

===Stena Line===
Sannadkii 2017, ''Hammerodde'' waxaa loo iibiyay [[Stena Line]] waxaana loo kireeyay [[Danske Færger]] ilaa dayrtii 2018, halkaas oo ay gashay adeegga Stena Line iyadoo loo bixiyay ''Stena Vinga'' wadada [[Gothenburg]] ilaa [[Frederikshavn]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Stena Line buys Hammerodde|url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/stena-roro-acquires-hammerodde-from-danske-farger-as.aspx|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2018-09-17 |title=STENA VINGA introduced on the Gothenburg-Frederikshavn service |url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/stena-vinga-introduced-on-the-gothenburg-frederikshavn-service.aspx |website=Shippax |access-date=2026-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2020 waxay ku jirtay booskii ''[[Stena Horizon]]'' kaas oo loo sii daayay daboolka wadada [[Port of Holyhead|Holyhead]] ilaa [[Dublin]]. Maarso 21 2021 waxay ku soo noqotay inay u adeegto wadada Gothenburg ilaa Frederikshavn waxayna lahayd adeeggii ugu dambeeyay Maarso 26 2021. Waxay u adeegtay Travemünde iyo Liepāja muddo 4 bilood ah ka hor intaysan u beddelin waddooyin kala duwan bil kasta. Laga bilaabo Diseembar 18 2022 ilaa Janaayo 26 2023, waxay u adeegtay ''[[MS Stena Danica|Stena Danica]]'' intii lagu jiray dayactirka. Maarso 1 2023 waxay u adeegtay ''[[Stena Germanica (2000)|Stena Germanica]]'' ilaa Maarso 17 2023. 

===Kireynta Intershipping===
Xagaagii 2023, ''Stena Vinga'' waxaa loo kireeyay Intershipping adeegyada ka gudba [[Strait of Gibraltar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kullenberg Rothvall |first=Christopher |date=2023-06-12 |title=Stena Vinga på charter till Medelhavet |url=https://www.sjofartstidningen.se/faerjetrafik/stena-vinga-pa-charter-till-medelhavet/195685 |trans-title=Stena Vinga on charter to the Mediterranean |work=Sjöfartstidning |language=Swedish |access-date=2026-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===DFDS===
Diseembar 16 2024, ka dib go'aanka [[Jersey]] ee ahaa in loo magacaabo [[DFDS Seaways]] hawl-wadeenkooda kivukada&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DFDS wins Jersey ferry services contract|url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/news/2024/12/03/dfds-wins-jersey-ferry-services-contract/| accessdate=20 Abriil 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kireysanayaan ''Stena Vinga''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DFDS charters Stena Vinga for Jersey|url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/dfds-charters-stena-vinga-for-its-upcoming-jersey-service.aspx |accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horaantii Maarso 2025, waxay u dhooftay [[Portsmouth Harbour|Portsmouth]] si loo tijaabiyo. Maarso 18 2025, waxaa lagu tijaabiyay [[St Helier Harbour]]. Waxay gashay adeegga DFDS 10 maalmood ka dib inta u dhaxaysa Portsmouth iyo Jersey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DFDS begins Jersey contract|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvge2n2jvq3o|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maajo 5 2026, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in DFDS ay iibsan doonto ''Stena Vinga'', iyada oo leh qorshe ay ku beddesho magaceeda iyo calankeeda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=DFDS to buy Stena Vinga |url=https://www.channel103.com/news/jersey/dfds-to-buy-stena-vinga/ |work=[[Channel 103]] |access-date=2026-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; DFDS waxay ku dhawaaqday Juun 2026 in magacaabista markabka ay ka dhalan doonto codbixin dadweyne, oo laga soo xulay liis gaaban oo laga soo saaray talooyinka dadweynaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;JEP1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Embed yourself in Jersey history by naming the new DFDS ship with the Our Ship, Your Name competition |url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/competitions/2026/06/12/embed-your-self-in-jersey-history-by-naming-the-new-dfds-ship-with-the-our-ship-your-name-competition/ |access-date=23 Juun 2026 |work=Jersey Evening Post |date=12 Juun 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Qaab-dhismeedka==
Kivukada [[roll-on/roll-off]] waxay leedahay dherer guud oo dhan 129.9 mitir, balac dhan 23.4 m iyo qoto dheer oo ah 5.6 m, miisaanka guud waa 14,551 GT. Mishiinada wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba [[Maschinenbau Kiel|MaK]] 9M32 diesel 
8640&amp;nbsp;kW (38,500 HP) taas oo u oggolaanaysa xawaare adeeg oo ugu badnaan ah {{convert|18.5|kn}}. 400 rakaab ah iyo 200 baabuur ayaa la dejin karaa dusha markabka.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://www.dfds.com/en/passenger-ferries Bogga rasmiga ah ee DFDS Seaways]
*[https://stenaline.com Bogga rasmiga ah ee Stena Line]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Massalia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47728</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299096</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:27:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2905" sha1="mmfcv5glw7kvxh7b3zi0pyd7ei7yz4b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Massalia bastia.jpg
| image_caption = ''Massalia'' oo ku xiran [[Bastia]] bishii Juun 2025}} 
|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header = 
| name = *1992-2025: ''Normandie''
         *2025-ilaa hadda: ''Massalia''
| owner = *1990-2020: Senecal 
           *2020-2025: [[Brittany Ferries]]
           *2025-ilaa hadda: [[La Méridionale]]
| operator = *1992-2025: [[Brittany Ferries]]
             *2025-ilaa hadda: [[La Méridionale]]
| registry = [[Marseille]], {{flag|France}}
| route = *[[Marseille]]⇄[[Tanger Med]]
| ordered = Maajo 1990
| builder = [[Kværner Masa-Yards]] [[Perno shipyard|Turku New Shipyard]], Finland
| yard_number = 
| way_number = 
| laid_down = 
| launched = 3 Oktoobar 1991
| christened = 15 Maajo 1992
| maiden_voyage = 18 Maajo 1992
| out_of_service = 
| identification = {{IMO Number|9006253}}
| fate = 
| status = adeegga ku jira
| notes = }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header = 
| header_caption = 
| class = 
| tonnage = {{GT|27542}}
| displacement = 
| length = {{cvt|161|m|ftin}}
| beam = {{cvt|26|m|ftin}}
| height = 
| draught = 
| draft = 
| depth = 
| decks = 
| deck_clearance = 
| ramps = 
| power = 4 × [[Wärtsilä]] Vasa 12V32E; {{cvt|6033|bhp}} midkiiba
| propulsion = 
| speed = {{convert|20.5|kn}}
| capacity = *2,123 rakaab ah
              *575 baabuur
| crew = 137
| notes = }}}}

'''''Massalia''''' waa kivuko ay maamusho [[La Méridionale]] oo u dhexeeya [[Marseille]], [[France]] iyo [[Tanger Med]], [[Morocco]]. Waxaa la dhisay 1992 iyadoo lagu magacaabo '''''Normandie''''' shirkadda [[Brittany Ferries]], waxay ka shaqaynaysay inta u dhaxaysa [[Portsmouth Harbour|Portsmouth]] iyo [[Caen]] ilaa 2025.

==Taariikhda==
''Normandie'' waxaa la dhisay 1992-kii [[Kværner Masa-Yards]] [[Perno shipyard|Turku New Shipyard]] ee Finland shirkadda [[Brittany Ferries]], waxay gashay adeegga [[Portsmouth Harbour|Portsmouth]] ilaa [[Caen]] 18 Maajo 1992.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211022155500/https://www.brittany-ferries.co.uk/ships/cruise-ferries/normandie/about Sailing with Normandie] [[Brittany Ferries]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TheNews&gt;[https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/travel/brittany-ferries-ship-mv-normandie-new-job-portsmouth-5111732 Fantastic Brittany Ferries ship MV Normandie has new life and role after 33 years of Portsmouth service] ''[[The News (Portsmouth)|The News]]'' 2 Maajo 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

17 Abriil 2025, ''Normandie'' waxaa hawlgab ka dhigtay Brittany Ferries iyadoo lagu beddelay ''[[Guillaume de Normandie]]''. Waxaa loo iibiyay [[La Méridionale]] waxaana loo beddelay ''Massalia'' waxayna ka shaqaysaa inta u dhaxaysa [[Marseille]] iyo [[Tanger Med]].&lt;ref name=TheNews/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Destined for waters new ''[[Ships Monthly]]'' Maajo 2025 bogga 10&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Massalia}}</text>
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      <id>299097</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:28:26Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="2910" sha1="qtfacft9n6ee79emyww8wg77p18w1z9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = Massalia bastia.jpg
| image_caption = ''Massalia'' oo ku xiran [[Bastia]] bishii Juun 2025}} 
|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header = 
| name = *1992-2025: ''Normandie''
         *2025-ilaa hadda: ''Massalia''
| owner = *1990-2020: Senecal 
           *2020-2025: [[Brittany Ferries]]
           *2025-ilaa hadda: [[La Méridionale]]
| operator = *1992-2025: [[Brittany Ferries]]
             *2025-ilaa hadda: [[La Méridionale]]
| registry = [[Marseille]], {{flag|France}}
| route = *[[Marseille]]⇄[[Tanger Med]]
| ordered = Maajo 1990
| builder = [[Kværner Masa-Yards]] [[Perno shipyard|Turku New Shipyard]], Finland
| yard_number = 
| way_number = 
| laid_down = 
| launched = 3 Oktoobar 1991
| christened = 15 Maajo 1992
| maiden_voyage = 18 Maajo 1992
| out_of_service = 
| identification = {{IMO Number|9006253}}
| fate = 
| status = adeegga ku jira
| notes = }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header = 
| header_caption = 
| class = 
| tonnage = {{GT|27542}}
| displacement = 
| length = {{cvt|161|m|ftin}}
| beam = {{cvt|26|m|ftin}}
| height = 
| draught = 
| draft = 
| depth = 
| decks = 
| deck_clearance = 
| ramps = 
| power = 4 × [[Wärtsilä]] Vasa 12V32E; {{cvt|6033|bhp}} midkiiba
| propulsion = 
| speed = {{convert|20.5|kn}}
| capacity = *2,123 rakaab ah
              *575 baabuur
| crew = 137
| notes = }}}}

'''''Massalia''''' waa kivuko ay maamusho [[La Méridionale]] oo u dhexeeya [[Marseille]], [[Faransiiska]] iyo [[Tanger Med]], [[Morocco]]. Waxaa la dhisay 1992 iyadoo lagu magacaabo '''''Normandie''''' shirkadda [[Brittany Ferries]], waxay ka shaqaynaysay inta u dhaxaysa [[Portsmouth Harbour|Portsmouth]] iyo [[Caen]] ilaa 2025.

==Taariikhda==
''Normandie'' waxaa la dhisay 1992-kii [[Kværner Masa-Yards]] [[Perno shipyard|Turku New Shipyard]] ee Finland shirkadda [[Brittany Ferries]], waxay gashay adeegga [[Portsmouth Harbour|Portsmouth]] ilaa [[Caen]] 18 Maajo 1992.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211022155500/https://www.brittany-ferries.co.uk/ships/cruise-ferries/normandie/about Sailing with Normandie] [[Brittany Ferries]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TheNews&gt;[https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/travel/brittany-ferries-ship-mv-normandie-new-job-portsmouth-5111732 Fantastic Brittany Ferries ship MV Normandie has new life and role after 33 years of Portsmouth service] ''[[The News (Portsmouth)|The News]]'' 2 Maajo 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

17 Abriil 2025, ''Normandie'' waxaa hawlgab ka dhigtay Brittany Ferries iyadoo lagu beddelay ''[[Guillaume de Normandie]]''. Waxaa loo iibiyay [[La Méridionale]] waxaana loo beddelay ''Massalia'' waxayna ka shaqaysaa inta u dhaxaysa [[Marseille]] iyo [[Tanger Med]].&lt;ref name=TheNews/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Destined for waters new ''[[Ships Monthly]]'' Maajo 2025 bogga 10&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Massalia}}</text>
      <sha1>qtfacft9n6ee79emyww8wg77p18w1z9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MV Maria Dolores</title>
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      <text bytes="14630" sha1="ncwlow2tz8e2mmg39i63azos30296v9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship &lt;!-- commercial vessels --&gt;
|infobox_caption= &lt;!-- keywords: yes, nodab; or caption text --&gt;
|display_title= MV ''Maria Dolores''
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=Malta 299.jpg
 |image_size=
 |image_caption=''Maria Dolores'' oo ku sugan [[Grand Harbour]] ee Malta bishii Abriil 2006
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=[[Malta]]
 |flag={{shipboxflag|Malta|civil}}
 |name=''Maria Dolores''
 |namesake=[[Our Lady of Sorrows]]
 |owner=Virtu Rapid Ferries Limited
 |operator=*Virtu Ferries Limited
           *Inter Shipping SRA (2012–2020)
 |registry=[[Valletta]], [[Malta]]
 |route=
 |ordered=
 |builder=[[Austal]], [[Western Australia]]
 |original_cost=
 |yard_number=
 |way_number=
 |laid_down=
 |launched=2005
 |completed=
 |christened=
 |acquired=
 |maiden_voyage=
 |in_service=Maarso 2006
 |out_of_service=
 |identification=* [[IMO number]]: 9333448
                 * [[Maritime Mobile Service Identity|MMSI number]]: 215883000
                 * [[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: 9HBZ8
 |fate=
 |status=Adeegga ku jira
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class=
 |type=[[High-speed craft|High-speed]] [[catamaran]]
 |tonnage=[[deadweight tonnage|dwt]] {{convert|260|tonnes|abbr=on}}
 |displacement=
 |length=*{{convert|68.4|m|abbr=on}} (guud ahaan)
         *{{convert|58.8|m|abbr=on}} (khadka biyaha)
 |beam={{convert|18.2|m|abbr=on}} (moulded)
 |height=
 |draught={{convert|2.6|m|abbr=on}}
 |depth={{convert|6.3|m|abbr=on}} (moulded)
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |ramps=
 |power=6 x MTU 16V 4000 M73L matoorada naaftada
 |propulsion=*4 x [[Kamewa|Rolls-Royce Kamewa]] 80 SII waterjets
             *2 x Rolls-Royce Kamewa 80 BII waterjets
 |speed={{convert|36|knots|abbr=on}}
 |capacity=*600 rakaab ah
           * 65 baabuur ama 95 mitir oo xariijin baabuur ah iyo 35 baabuur
 |crew=16
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''MV''' ama '''HSC'''{{efn|Ilo-wareedyo badan oo ay ku jiraan Virtu Ferries waxay isticmaalaan [[Ship prefix|prefix-ka]] &quot;MV&quot; ama &quot;M/V&quot; (ee ''Motor vessel'') marka ay tixraacayaan ''Maria Dolores'',&lt;ref name=&quot;30ann&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=30th anniversary 1988–2018 |url=http://www.virtuferries.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/30ANNI.pdf |website=Virtu Ferries |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103180037/http://www.virtuferries.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/30ANNI.pdf |archivedate=3 Janaayo 2019 |date=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin prefix-ka &quot;HSC&quot; (ee ''High-speed craft'') sidoo kale waa la isticmaalaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fas2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Rizzo, Farrugia &amp; Co (Stockbrokers) Ltd |title=Financial Analysis Summary – 2018 Update |url=https://virtu.com.mt/wp-content/uploads/FAS-2018-final.pdf |website=Virtu Finance p.l.c. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813235420/https://virtu.com.mt/wp-content/uploads/FAS-2018-final.pdf |archivedate=13 Ogosto 2019 |date=27 Juun 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} '''''Maria Dolores''''' waa kivuko [[High-speed craft|xawaare sare leh]] oo [[catamaran]] ah oo ay leedahay [[Virtu Ferries]]. Waxaa dhisay [[Austal]] sanadkii 2005-06, waxayna gashay adeegga kivuko ahaan u dhexeeya [[Malta]] iyo [[Sicily]] bishii Maarso 2006. Markabku dhawaan wuxuu noqday mid aad u yar si uu u daboolo rakaabka sii kordhaya iyo taraafikada xamuulka ee wadadan, bishii Oktoobar 2010 waxaa lagu beddelay catamaran-ka ka weyn {{MV|Jean de La Valette}}.

Sannadkii 2011, markabku wuxuu ka qayb qaatay daadgureynta dadka [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] intii lagu jiray [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liibiya]]. Intii u dhaxaysay 2012 iyo 2020, waxaa loo kireeyay Inter Shipping SRA kivuko ahaan u dhexeeya [[Tarifa]] iyo [[Tangier]].

==Sharaxaadda==
[[File:Malta 298.jpg|thumb|left|Markabka oo laga daawanayo xagga hore]]

''Maria Dolores'' waxay leedahay dherer guud oo dhan {{convert|68.4|m|abbr=on}} iyo dherer khadka biyaha ah oo dhan {{convert|58.8|m|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;/&gt; [[Beam (nautical)|Beam-keedu]] waa {{convert|18.2|m|abbr=on}}, oo jirku wuxuu leeyahay qoto dheer oo dhan {{convert|6.3|m|abbr=on}} iyo [[Draft (hull)|draught]] qiyaastii {{convert|2.6|m|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;/&gt; Markabku wuxuu leeyahay ugu badnaan [[deadweight tonnage]] dhan {{convert|260|tonnes|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;/&gt;

Markabku wuxuu leeyahay lix matoorada naaftada ee MTU 16V 4000 M73L, kuwaas oo wada lix [[Kamewa|Rolls-Royce Kamewa]] waterjets (afar 80 SII iyo laba 80 BII) iyada oo loo marayo lix sanduuqa gear-ka ee ZF, iyagoo bixinaya xoogga markabka.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ship-technology&quot;/&gt; Waa markabkii ugu horreeyay ee xawaare sare leh oo lagu rakibay lix waterjets.&lt;ref name=&quot;ship-technology&quot;/&gt; Wuxuu awood u leeyahay {{convert|111,000|litres|abbr=on}} oo shidaal ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;/&gt; Xawaaraha adeegga markabku waa qiyaastii {{convert|36|knots|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;/&gt;

Markabku wuxuu qaadi karaa 16 xubnood oo shaqaale ah&lt;ref name=&quot;ship-technology&quot;/&gt; iyo 600 oo rakaab ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;/&gt; Waxay leedahay saddex qol: mid loogu talagalay fasalka naadiga iyo laba dalxiisayaasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2006-03-29&quot;/&gt; Markabku wuxuu leeyahay awood 65 baabuur, ama 95 mitir oo xariijin baabuur ah iyo 35 baabuur.&lt;ref name=&quot;virtu-spec&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Maria Dolores |url=http://www.virtuferries.com/?page_id=563 |website=Virtu Ferries |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803034828/http://www.virtuferries.com/?page_id=563 |archivedate=3 Ogosto 2019 |access-date=3 Febraayo 2020 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rambo xagga dambe ah iyo rambo dhinac ah ayaa u oggolaanaya baabuurta in la raro lana dejiyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ship-technology&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Maria Dolores – Vehicle and Passenger Ferry |url=https://www.ship-technology.com/projects/maria-dolores/ |website=ship-technology.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203175227/https://www.ship-technology.com/projects/maria-dolores/ |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dhismaha==
''Maria Dolores'' waxaa dhisay [[Austal]] ee [[Western Australia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;times2006-02-09&quot;/&gt; Waxaa loo dhisay si waafaqsan xeerarka IMO, shuruudaha qaanuuniga ah ee Calanka Malta iyo shuruudaha Gobolka Dekedda Talyaaniga.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2005-09-29&quot;/&gt; Shaqaale yari ayaa keentay in dhismihiisu qaato wakhti ka dheer kii la filayay, taas oo dib u dhigtay taariikhdii la qorsheeyay ee gaarsiinta badhtamaha 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2005-09-29&quot;/&gt; Markabku inta badan wuu dhammaystirnaa bishii Sebtembar 2005, iyadoo tijaabooyinka badda ay bilaabmeen bishii Noofambar.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2005-09-29&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Virtu Ferries Jumbo catamaran on the way |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2005-09-29/news/virtu-ferries-jumbo-catamaran-on-the-way-81721/ |work=[[The Malta Independent]] |date=29 Sebtembar 2005 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203165720/https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2005-09-29/news/virtu-ferries-jumbo-catamaran-on-the-way-81721/ |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabka waxaa lagu wareejiyay Virtu Ferries 3 Febraayo 2006, wuxuuna ka dhoofay [[Fremantle]] safarkii Malta 7 Febraayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;times2006-02-09&quot;/&gt; Safarkii gaarsiinta, markabku wuxuu ku istaagay [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], [[Maldives]], [[Aden]] iyo [[Suez]], ka dibna wuxuu soo maray [[Suez Canal]] iyadoo joogsiyo dheeraad ah ku yeeshay [[Port Said]], [[Pozzallo]] iyo ugu dambeyntii Malta.&lt;ref name=&quot;times2006-02-09&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Virtu Ferries take delivery of 600-passenger vessel |url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/virt-ugrave-ferries-take-delivery-of-600-passenger-vessel.63828 |work=[[Times of Malta]] |date=9 Febraayo 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203164328/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/virt-ugrave-ferries-take-delivery-of-600-passenger-vessel.63828 |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Shaqo==
===Kivuko Malta–Sicily===
[[File:VIRTU FERRIES - Catania - panoramio - kajikawa.jpg|thumb|left|''Maria Dolores'' ee [[Catania]] bishii Ogosto 2010, iyadoo muujinaysa rambo-ga markabka ee baabuurta]]

Markabka waxaa daah-furay Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Lawrence Gonzi]] 28 Maarso 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2006-03-29&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=MV 'Maria Dolores' Launched |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2006-03-29/news/mv-maria-dolores-launched-89263/ |work=[[The Malta Independent]] |date=29 Maarso 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203161612/https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2006-03-29/news/mv-maria-dolores-launched-89263/ |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hor intaysan adeegga bilaabin, maalin furan ayaa la qabtay dadweynahana waxaa lagu casuumay inay soo booqdaan markabka.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2006-02-14&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Maiden Voyage for MV 'Maria Dolores' |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2006-02-14/news/maiden-voyage-for-mv-maria-dolores-87313/ |work=[[The Malta Independent]] |date=14 Febraayo 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203164323/https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2006-02-14/news/maiden-voyage-for-mv-maria-dolores-87313/ |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markabku wuxuu sanadka oo dhan ku shaqaynayay waddooyin la qorsheeyay oo u dhexeeya [[Malta]], [[Pozzallo]] iyo [[Catania]] ee [[Sicily]], iyo [[Reggio Calabria]] ee dhul weynaha Talyaaniga. Waddooyinka Malta waxay qaadanayeen 90 daqiiqo ilaa Pozzallo, 3 saacadood ilaa Catania iyo 4.5 saacadood ilaa Reggio Calabria.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2006-03-29&quot;/&gt;

21 Diseembar 2007, ''Maria Dolores'' waxay sidday rakaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Malta u dhashay ee awooday inay u safraan baasaboor la'aan ilaa Pozzallo, isla maalintii Malta ay ku biirtay [[Schengen Area]].&lt;ref name=&quot;30ann&quot;/&gt;

''Maria Dolores'' waxaa loogu talagalay inay yarayso waqtiga gaarsiinta alaabta u safraysa Malta iyo Sicily, taas oo yaraynaysa kharashyada soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta ee shirkadaha Malta.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent2006-03-29&quot;/&gt; Mugga xamuulka ee la saaray markabka dhab ahaantii wuu ka badnaa kii la filayay, iyo tirada xamuulka ee la saadaaliyay ee 2015 waxaa la gaaray 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;riviera2010-11-26&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Large catamaran is built for luxury |url=https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/large-catamaran-is-built-for-luxury-44579 |work=Riviera Newsletters |date=26 Noofambar 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203171335/https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/news-content-hub/large-catamaran-is-built-for-luxury-44579 |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waxay keentay Virtu Ferries inay dalbadaan catamaran ka weyn, {{MV|Jean de La Valette}}, bishii Abriil 2009 – in ka yar saddex sano ka dib markii ''Maria Dolores'' gashay adeegga.&lt;ref name=&quot;riviera2010-11-26&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=New Catamaran for Virtu Ferries |url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20090412/business/new-catamaran-for-virtu-ferries.252451 |work=[[Times of Malta]] |date=12 Abriil 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023222143/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20090412/business/new-catamaran-for-virtu-ferries.252451 |archivedate=23 Oktoobar 2014 |access-date=3 Febraayo 2020 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jean de La Valette'', oo sidoo kale dhisay Austal, ayaa beddelay ''Maria Dolores'' wadada Malta-Sicily bishii Oktoobar 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;riviera2010-11-26&quot;/&gt;

===Shaqadii dambe===
[[File:Ir - Rampa Ta&amp;#039; L - Isla, L-Isla, Malta - panoramio (9).jpg|thumb|''Maria Dolores'' iyo maraakiib kale oo Virtu Ferries ah oo ku xiran off [[Senglea]] bishii Maajo 2012]]

Ka dib markii markabku uu ka baxay adeegga, qorshayaal ayaa loo sameeyay inuu ka shaqeeyo waddo kale oo aan la shaacin ee [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Mediterranean-ka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Virtu Ferries enjoys its new flagship and considers new trades |url=http://www.ship2shore.it/en/shipping/virtu-ferries-enjoys-its-new-flagship-and-considers-new-trades_43714.htm |work=Ship2Shore |date=13 Diseembar 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203174354/http://www.ship2shore.it/en/shipping/virtu-ferries-enjoys-its-new-flagship-and-considers-new-trades_43714.htm |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intii lagu jiray [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liibiya]], markabka waxaa kireeyay [[Embassy of the United States, Attard|Safaaradda Maraykanka ee Malta]] si ay uga daadgureeyaan qiyaastii 500 ilaa 550 qof Liibiya. ''Maria Dolores'' waxay ka tagtay Malta 22 Febraayo 2011 waxayna gaartay [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] maalintii xigtay. Rakaabka oo la saaray ayaa qaadatay wakhti ka dheer kii la filayay, markabkuna wuxuu ka tagay Liibiya 25 Febraayo, isagoo ku soo laabtay Malta isla maalintaas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Xuereb |first1=Matthew |title='Delays to Libya ferry rescue cost €782,000' |url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/-Delays-to-Libya-ferry-rescue-cost-782-000-.504962 |work=[[Times of Malta]] |date=1 Febraayo 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203162929/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/-Delays-to-Libya-ferry-rescue-cost-782-000-.504962 |archivedate=3 Febraayo 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba kale oo Virtu Ferries catamarans ah, ''San Gwann'' iyo ''San Pawl'', ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay daadgureynta.&lt;ref name=&quot;30ann&quot;/&gt;

Sannadkii 2012, ''Maria Dolores'' waxaa loo kireeyay Inter Shipping SRA muddo shan sano ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;fas2018&quot;/&gt; Heshiiskii kireynta wakhtiga ayaa la cusboonaysiiyay 2017 iyadoo la raacayo heshiis saddex sano ah oo ku ekaa 31 Maajo 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;fas2018&quot;/&gt; Markabka waxaa maamulay Inter Shipping SRA iyadoo lagu saleynayo kireynta wakhtiga ee waddooyinka u dhexeeya [[Tarifa]] ee Spain iyo [[Tangier]] ee Morocco&lt;ref name=&quot;fas2018&quot;/&gt; ilaa adeeggan laga joojiyay [[COVID-19 pandemic]] dartii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maria Dolores |url=https://www.virtuferries.com/maria_dolores/36 |website=Virtu Ferries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402173309/https://www.virtuferries.com/maria_dolores/36 |archive-date=2 Abriil 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2 Abriil 2022, intii lagu jiray booqashadii [[Pope Francis]] ee Malta, wuxuu ku safray markabka ''Maria Dolores'' safar saacad qaatay oo ka yimid [[Grand Harbour]] ilaa [[Mġarr, Gozo|Mġarr]], [[Gozo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=In Gozo, Pope gives heartfelt prayer with a message of faith for times of suffering |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2022-04-02/local-news/Pope-Francis-leaves-Grand-Harbour-for-his-trip-to-Gozo-on-catamaran-6736241933 |access-date=2 Abriil 2022 |work=[[The Malta Independent]] |date=2 Abriil 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Qoraallo==
{{notelist}}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist|2}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* {{commonscat-inline|Maria Dolores (ship, 2006)}}

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    <title>Xiriirinta Afrika ee Marooko</title>
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      <text bytes="8445" sha1="01fnwceasmlioqw6jm0gwettn438bsa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name        = Africa Morocco Link
| logo        = File:Logo AML-01.png
| type        = [[Limited liability company|SARL]]
| founded     = 2016
| hq_location = [[Tangier]], [[Morocco]]
| area_served = [[Strait of Gibraltar]]
| services    = [[Passenger transportation]]&lt;br&gt; &amp; [[Freight transportation]]
| owner       = [[Compagnie de Transports au Maroc|CTM]] (51%)&lt;br&gt;[[Stena Line]] (49%)
| website     = https://www.aml-ferry.com/
}}

'''Africa Morocco Link''' ('''AML''') waa shirkad kivuko oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Morocco]], la aasaasay 2016. Waxay ku shaqeysaa xiriirada badda ee u dhexeeya Morocco iyo [[Spain]], iyadoo leh safarro joogto ah oo u dhexeeya dekedaha [[Tanger Med]] iyo [[Algeciras]], iyo inta u dhexeysa [[Tangier|Tanger Ville]] iyo [[Tarifa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MWN2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en-US |first=Firdaous |last=Naim |title=AML Boosts Summer Transport As Marhaba 2024 Operation Commences |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2024/07/16885/aml-boosts-summer-transport-as-marhaba-2024-operation-commences/ |website=Morocco World News |date=2024-07-22 |access-date=2025-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
AML waxay bilowday hawlgalladeeda 17 Juun 2016 iyada oo la bilaabay khadka Tanger Med – Algeciras. Safarkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ka dhacay dekedda Algeciras waxaana ku shaqeynayay markabka ''Diagoras''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yabiladi2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Maritime : Africa Morocco Links entre en service ce vendredi |url=https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/45279/maritime-africa-morocco-links-entre.html |website=Yabiladi |access-date=2024-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

8 Abriil 2024, kooxda Sweden ee [[Stena Line]] waxay iibsatay 49% saamiga ay ku lahayd [[Attica Group]] ee AML.&lt;ref name=&quot;StenaAcquisition2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |title=Stena Line acquires shares in Africa Morocco Link to expand outside of Europe |url=https://stenaline.com/media/stories/stena-line-acquires-shares-in-africa-morocco-link-to-expand-outside-of-europe/ |website=Stena Line |date=2024-04-10 |access-date=2024-05-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

4 Juun 2024, AML waxay furtay waddo cusub oo u dhexeysa Tangier Ville iyo Tarifa. Safarkii ugu horreeyay wuxuu dhacay 9 subaxnimo laga bilaabo Tangier Ville waxaana ku shaqeynayay markabka ''Morocco Express 1''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=es |first=Vicente |last=Costa |title=AML Stena inicia sus operaciones entre Tarifa y Tánger Ville – FERRYBALEAR |url=https://ferrybalear.com/aml-stena-inicia-sus-operaciones-entre-tarifa-y-tanger-ville |website=FERRYBALEAR |date=2024-05-28 |access-date=2024-05-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Information au Passager |url=https://www.apba.es/fr/informacion-pasajero |website=APBA |access-date=2024-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lahaanshaha ==
Bilowgii, raasamaalka AML waxaa aqlabiyad ku lahaa [[Bank of Africa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Détenue majoritairement par BOA, Africa Morocco Link boostée de 140 MDH |url=https://ledesk.ma/enoff/detenue-majoritairement-par-boa-africa-morocco-link-boostee-de-140-mdh/ |website=Le Desk |access-date=2025-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana laga tirada badnaa ku lahaa hawl-wadeenka badda ee Giriigga [[Attica Group]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |first=Wiam |last=Markhouss |title=Africa Morocco Link renforce sa flotte et inaugure son siège à Tanger |url=https://www.lavieeco.com/affaires/africa-morocco-link-renforce-sa-flotte-et-inaugure-son-siege-a-tanger/ |website=La Vie Éco |date=2017-05-30 |access-date=2025-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2024, Bank of Africa waxay iibisay 51% saamigeeda [[Compagnie de Transports au Maroc|CTM]], kuwaas oo labaduba ka mid ah shirkadda haynta ee Morocco O Capital Group.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Compagnie de Transports au Maroc completes the acquisition of 51% of the share capital of Africa Morocco Links |url=https://boursenews.ma/article/marches/CTM-finalise-le-rachat-AML-aupres-de-BOA |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=inforMARE |language=uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhawr maalmood ka dib, Attica Group waxay iibisay 49% saamigeeda hawl-wadeenka kivuko ee Sweden [[Stena Line]].&lt;ref name=&quot;StenaAcquisition2024&quot; /&gt;

== Waddada ==
* [[Tanger Med]] – [[Algeciras]] (la bilaabay 17 Juun 2016)&lt;ref name=&quot;Yabiladi2016&quot; /&gt;
* [[Tangier|Tanger Ville]] – [[Tarifa]] (la bilaabay 4 Juun 2024)&lt;ref name=&quot;MWN20243&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Naim |first=Firdaous |date=2024-07-22 |title=AML Boosts Summer Transport As Marhaba 2024 Operation Commences |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2024/07/16885/aml-boosts-summer-transport-as-marhaba-2024-operation-commences/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=Morocco World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nador]] – [[Almería]] (15 Oktoobar 2017 – 26 Diseembar 2017)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=en |title=Africa Morocco Link’s Almeria-Nador route inaugurated |url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/africa-morocco-links-almeria-nador-route-inaugurated.aspx |website=Shippax |access-date=2025-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maraakiibta ==

=== Maraakiibta hadda ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Markabka
! IMO
! Dhisay
! Galay adeegga
! Dhererka
! Rakaabka
! Xawaaraha
! Calanka
! Waddada
! Qoraallo
! Sawir
|-
| ''Morocco Star''
| 7803190
| 1980
| align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morocco Star being prepared for AML debut |url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/morocco-star-being-prepared-for-aml-debut.aspx |website=Shippax |access-date=2024-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 152.2 m
| 935
| 22 kn
| {{flag|Morocco|civil}}
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Magac hore ''Prince Joachim''.
| 
|-
| ''[[MV Morocco Sun|Morocco Sun]]''
| 7719430
| 1980
| align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morocco Sun to enter service soon |url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/morocco-sun-to-enter-service-soon.aspx |website=Shippax |access-date=2024-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 129.65 m
| 1,000
| 19 kn
| {{flag|Morocco|civil}}
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Magac hore ''Le Rif''.
| 
|-
| ''[[MS Stena Europe|Stena Europe]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=STENA EUROPE - Cruise - Maritime Optima |url=https://maritimeoptima.com/public/vessels/pages/imo%3A7901760/mmsi%3A209649000/STENA_EUROPE.html |website=Maritime Optima |access-date=2025-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 7901760
| 1981
| align=&quot;Center&quot; | Xagaagii 2024&lt;ref name=&quot;StenaAcquisition2024&quot; /&gt;
| 174 m
| 1,400
| 19 kn
| {{flag|Cyprus}}
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Kireysan
| [[File:Stena EUROPE.jpg|thumb|center|Stena Europe]]
|-
| ''Morocco Express 1''
| 9216171
| 2000
| 31 Maajo 2024&lt;ref name=&quot;moroccoexpress&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Tanger Med-Algeciras Timetables {{!}} Experience on Board |url=https://aml.ma/fr/timetables-tarifa-tangier-ville |website=AML |access-date=2024-05-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 72 m
| 680
| 34 kn
| {{flag|Cyprus}}
| Tangier Ville – Tarifa
| Magac hore ''Boraq'' (Intershipping). La helay xaraash sanadkii 2023.
| 
|-
| ''HSC Maria Dolores''
| 9333448
| 2006
| Juun 2024&lt;ref name=&quot;MWN2024&quot; /&gt;
| 68.4 m
| 600
| 35 kn
| {{flag|Malta}}
| Tangier Ville – Tarifa
| Kireysan si loo beddelo ''Caldera Vista''.
|
|}

=== Maraakiibta hore ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Markabka
! IMO
! Dhisay
! Galay adeegga
! Ka tagay maraakiibta
! Waddada
! Qoraallo
|-
| ''[[El. Venizelos (ship)|El Venizelos]]''
| 7907673
| 1984
| align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2016
| 2016
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Kireysan xagaagii 2016 ololihii Marhaba.
|-
| ''Aylah''
| 9097331
| 2009
| align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2016 &amp; 2017
| 2017
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Kireysan hawlgallada xagaaga.
|-
| ''Queen Nefertiti''
| 9130925
| 1997
| align=&quot;Center&quot; | 2017
| 2017
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Kireysan xagaagii 2017.
|-
| ''[[Diagoras (ship)|Diagoras]]''
| 8916126
| 1990
| 2016
| 2017
| Tanger Med – Algeciras / Nador – Almería
| Waxaa lagu shaqeeyay sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee AML.
|-
| ''Galaxy''
| 7516773
| 1979
| 2018
| 2018
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Kireysan xagaagii 2018.
|-
| ''[[Blue Star Chios|Nissos Chios]]''
| 9215555
| 2007
| 2019
| 2019
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Beddel ku meel gaar ah ''Morocco Star''.
|-
| ''Amman''
| 9079999
| 1995
| 2019
| 2019
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Kireysan xagaagii 2019.
|-
| ''[[HSC Caldera Vista|Caldera Vista]]''
| 8900012
| 1991
| 2024
| 2024
| Tangier Ville – Tarifa
| La laalay sababtoo ah is-waafaqsanaan la'aanta rambo-ga.
|-
| ''[[HSC Hellenic Highspeed|Hellenic Highspeed]]''
| 9141845
| 1997
| 2022, 2023 &amp; 2024
| 2024
| Tanger Med – Algeciras
| Kireysan saddex xilli-ciyaareed oo Marhaba ah.
|}

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://www.aml.ma/en/ www.aml.ma]

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    <title>MV Victoria (1959)</title>
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      <text bytes="6706" sha1="l335fra1rvmm8u5eqsavj3pj07x31k4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= MV Victoria.jpg
 |image_caption= ''Victoria'' oo ku xiran [[Bukoba]], [[Tansaaniya]] sanadkii 2012.
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header = 
 |country = [[Gumeysigii Kenya]]
 |flag = {{shipboxflag|British East Africa}}
 |name = RMS ''Victoria''
 |owner = 
 |registry = [[Kisumu]]
 |route = hareeraha [[Harada Fiktooriya]]
 |ordered = 
 |builder = [[Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited]]&lt;ref name=SBS&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?year_built=&amp;builder=&amp;a1Page=9&amp;ref=23130&amp;vessel=VICTORIA |title=Victoria |work=Scottish Built Ships |publisher=Caledonian Maritime Research Trust |accessdate=26 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |original_cost = 
 |yard_number = 2165&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |way_number = 
 |laid_down = 
 |launched = *1959 (Paisley);
             *5 Sebtembar 1960 (Kisumu)&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |completed = Juun 1961&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |christened = 
 |acquired = 
 |commissioned = 22 Luulyo 1961&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |maiden_voyage = 
 |in_service = 
 |out_of_service = 
 |identification = 
 |fate = 
 |notes = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
 |country=[[Kenya]]
 |flag={{Shipboxflag|Kenya}}
 |name= ''Victoria''
 |registry = [[Kisumu]]
 |acquired=
 |fate=Loo wareejiyay Tansaaniya
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/career
 |country=[[Tansaaniya]]
 |flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 |operator = [[Marine Services Company Limited]]
 |registry = [[Mwanza]]
 |route = Mwanza – Bukoba
 |name= ''Victoria''
 |acquired = 1977
 |status = Adeegga ku jira
 }}

|section5={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header = 
 |header_caption = 
 |class = 
 |type = [[Kivuko]]
 |tonnage = {{GRT|1353}}&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |displacement = 
 |length = {{cvt|261.3|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |beam = {{cvt|40.0|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |height = {{cvt|13.0|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |draught = {{cvt|8.3|ft|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |depth = 
 |decks = 
 |deck_clearance = 
 |ramps = 
 |power = 
 |propulsion = *mataano [[Crossley]] [[Mashiinka naaftada ee badda|mashiinnada naaftada]],
               *mataano minjooyin&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |speed = {{cvt|13.5|kn|km/h|0}}&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;
 |capacity =*asal ahaan:
            *230 rakaab ah;
            *200 tan oo xamuul ah&lt;ref name=Kenya&gt;{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/Kenya_60/Kenya2_djvu.txt |title=Kenya |author= |date=1961 |work=[[Internet Archive]] |publisher=Internet Archive |accessdate=2011-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |crew = 
 |notes = 
 }}
}}

'''MV ''Victoria''''' waa [[Kivukada Harada Fiktooriya|kivuko Harada Fiktooriya]] oo ay maamusho [[Marine Services Company Limited]] ee [[Tansaaniya]].

Ilaa [[Taariikhda Kenya#Xorriyadda|xorriyaddii Kenya]] ee ka timid [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] sannadkii 1963 waxay ahayd [[Royal Mail Ship]] '''RMS ''Victoria'''''.&lt;ref name=McCrow&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm |title=Marine Services |last=McCrow |first=Malcolm |date= |work=[[East African Railways and Harbours]] |publisher=Malcolm McCrow |accessdate=2011-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kadib waxay ku shaqeysay calanka Kenya ilaa 1977, markii loo wareejiyay Tansaaniya.

==Dhismaha==
''Victoria'' waxaa loo dhisay sidii markab &quot;la kala furfuri karo&quot;. [[Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited]] waxay ku dhistay [[Scotstoun]], Glasgow, ka dibna way kala furtay Juun 1959.&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt; Waxaa markaas loo dhoofiyay 1,500 oo sanduuq iyada oo loo sii marayo [[Kilindini Harbour|Mombasa]]&lt;ref name=Kenya/&gt; ilaa [[Kisumu]] oo ku taal [[Harada Fiktooriya]], halkaas oo dib-u-ururinteeda la bilaabay Diseembar 1959 waxaana la daahfuray 5 Sebtembar 1960.&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt;

Waxaa loo dhiibay [[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation]] (EAR&amp;H) 26 Juun 1961 waxaana la magacaabay 22 Luulyo.&lt;ref name=SBS/&gt; Markii markabka la magacaabay [[Elizabeth II]] waxay siisay magaca [[Royal Mail Ship]] (RMS): markabka kaliya ee EAR&amp;H ee helay sharafkan.&lt;ref name=McCrow/&gt;

==Adeegga==
Markii la magacaabay 1961, ''Victoria'' waxay awood u lahayd 230 rakaab ah iyo 200 tan oo xamuul ah&lt;ref name=Kenya/&gt; waxayna lahayd qaboojiye loogu talagalay xamuulka halista ah.&lt;ref name=Gazette&gt;{{cite news |title=Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways &amp; Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEyq-iw1WQAC&amp;q=%22RMS+Victoria%22+%22Kenya+Gazette%22&amp;pg=PA857 |newspaper=Kenya Gazette |volume=LXIII |date=1961-07-18 |accessdate=2011-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay la wareegtay adeeggii wareegga ee EAR&amp;H ee hareeraha dekedaha Harada Fiktooriya, iyadoo dhimaysa wadarta wakhtiga safarka ilaa laba maalmood iyo badh&lt;ref name=Kenya/&gt; taas oo u suurtagelisay inay u adeegto dhammaan dekedaha harada laba jeer toddobaadkii. EAR&amp;H ayaa si waafaqsan soo bandhigtay qiimo dhimis cusub oo loogu talagalay rakaabka iyo qiimaha fasallada kala duwan ee xamuulka saaran.&lt;ref name=Gazette/&gt;

Sannadkii 1977 EAR&amp;H waxaa loo qaybiyay [[Kenya]], [[Tansaaniya]] iyo [[Ugaandha]] waxaana ''Victoria'' loo wareejiyay [[Tanzania Railways Limited|Tanzania Railways]] cusub. Sannadkii 1997 qaybta maraakiibta gudaha ee TRC waxay noqotay shirkad gaar ah, Marine Services Company Ltd.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mscltz.com/ |title=Home |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited |accessdate=2011-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910031156/http://www.mscltz.com/ |archive-date=10 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Victoria'' waa la dayactiray waxaana loo qorsheeyay inay ku soo laabato adeegga u dhexeeya [[Bukoba]] iyo [[Mwanza]] Juun 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-06-295ef97cc01adfb.aspx |last1=Mulisa |first1=Meddy |last2=Sanga |first2=Alex |title=It's all smile as MV Victoria bounces back to business |work=Daily News |date=29 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-105f30dc1a3a08f.aspx |last=Kamagi |first=Deogratius |title=PM demands swift licensing of MV Victoria |work=Habari Leo |date=10 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markabka ayaa bilaabay inuu u adeego wadada Mwanza-Bukoba sidii loo qorsheeyay Ogosto 2020 magaca &quot;New Victoria&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-285f491d6dbc5e5 |last1=Kamala |first1=James |title=Break of dawn as New Victoria swings into action |work=Daily News |date=29 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Kadib kormeer sanadle ah oo la qorsheeyay bishii Sebtembar 2021 markabku wuxuu dib u bilaabay hawlihiisii bil ka dib. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/-relief-as-mv-victoria-starts-services-again-3582930 |last1=Kaitira |first1=Mgongo  |title= Relief as MV Victoria starts services again |work=The Citizen |date=14 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist|2}}
{{MSCL ships}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Victoria}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Umoja</title>
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      <comment>Bog cusub: {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image  |image=   |image_caption=   }}  |section2={{Infobox ship/career  |hide_header =   | country=  | flag=[[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation|E.A.R.&amp; H.]]  |name = MV ''Umoja''  |owner =   |registry = [[Kisumu]]   |route = on [[Harada Fiktooriya]] inta u dhexeysa [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], [[Mwanza]], [[Musoma]] &amp; [[Kisumu]]&lt;ref name=Clyde&gt;{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |title=Umoja (1965) |work=Clyde-built Database...</comment>
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|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header = 
 | country=
 | flag=[[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation|E.A.R.&amp; H.]]
 |name = MV ''Umoja''
 |owner = 
 |registry = [[Kisumu]] 
 |route = on [[Harada Fiktooriya]] inta u dhexeysa [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], [[Mwanza]], [[Musoma]] &amp; [[Kisumu]]&lt;ref name=Clyde&gt;{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |title=Umoja (1965) |work=Clyde-built Database |publisher= |year=2004 |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2006-09-23 |accessdate= 2011-05-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
 |ordered = 
 |builder = [[Yarrow Shipbuilders]]&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 |original_cost = 
 |yard_number = 2242&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 |way_number = 
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 |launched = 1965&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 |completed = 
 |christened = 
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 |maiden_voyage = 
 |in_service = 1966&lt;ref name=Amin&gt;{{cite book |title=Railway Across The Equator: The Story of the East African Line |last1=Amin |first1=Mohamed |authorlink1=Mohamed Amin |last2=Willetts |first2=Duncan |last3=Matheson |first3=Alastair |year=1986 |publisher=The Bodley Head |location=London |isbn=0-370-30774-7 |pages=140–143 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |out_of_service = 
 |identification = 
 | fate= Loo wareejiyay Tansaaniya
 |notes = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
 | country=[[Tansaaniya]]
 | flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}}
 |operator = [[Marine Services Company Limited]]
 |registry = [[Mwanza]]
 | name= MV ''Umoja''
 | acquired=1977
 |status = adeegga ku jira
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header = 
 |header_caption = 
 |class = 
 |type = [[kivukada tareenada]]&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 |tonnage =*1,180,&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt;
           *1,599 [[Gross register tonnage|GRT]]&lt;ref name=MSC-Umoja&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mscltz.com/preview_010.htm |title=MV. Umoja |author= |date= |work=Vessels |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited |accessdate=25 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |displacement = 
 |length = {{convert|91.75|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=MSC-Umoja/&gt;
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 |propulsion = minjooyin&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 |speed = 
 |capacity = 
 |crew = 
 |notes = 
 }}
}}

'''MV ''Umoja''''' waa [[Kivukada Harada Fiktooriya|kivuko Harada Fiktooriya]] oo ku taal Bariga Afrika. Waa [[kivukada tareenada]] oo ay [[Marine Services Company Limited]] ee [[Mwanza]], Tansaaniya&lt;ref name=MSC-Umoja/&gt; ka hawlgasho inta u dhexeysa [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], [[Mwanza]], [[Musoma]] iyo [[Kisumu]].&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt; ''Umoja'' macnaheedu waa &quot;midnimo&quot; marka laga hadlayo [[Af-Sawaaxili|Sawaaxili]]. Waxay ku lug lahayd shilal dhowr ah waxaana lagu soo bandhigay buug uu qoray [[Paul Theroux]].

==Taariikhda==
''Umoja'' iyo [[markabka mataanaha]] {{MV|Uhuru}} waxaa la dhisay 1965 by [[Yarrow Shipbuilders]] ee [[Scotstoun]], [[Glasgow]], [[Skotlaan]],&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;&lt;ref name=ClydeUhuru&gt;{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Uhuru (1965) |work= Clyde-built Database |publisher= |year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1589 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923231518/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1589 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 2006-09-23 |accessdate= 2011-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna galeen adeegga 1966.&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt; Iyadoo in ka badan {{convert|300|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, waxay ahaayeen maraakiibta ugu dheer harooyinka Bariga Afrika.&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt;

Laba markab waxaa iska lahaa oo maamuli jiray [[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation]] (EARH) ilaa 1977, markii EARH loo qaybiyay Kenya, Tansaaniya iyo [[Ugaandha]]. ''Uhuru'' waxaa loo wareejiyay [[Kenya Railways Corporation]] cusub&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt; iyo ''Umoja'' waxaa loo wareejiyay Tanzania Railways Corporation cusub.&lt;ref name=ClydeUhuru/&gt; 

''Umoja'' waxay ku dhacday dhagaxyo 1990, 1996, iyo 2002.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} Shilka 2002 wuxuu sababay $160,000 oo khasaare ah.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}}

Sannadkii 1997 qaybta maraakiibta gudaha ee TRC waxay noqotay shirkad gaar ah, Marine Services Company Ltd.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mscltz.com/ |title=Home |author= |date= |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited |accessdate=26 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910031156/http://www.mscltz.com/ |archive-date=10 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Buuggiisa ''Dark Star Safari'', [[Paul Theroux]] wuxuu bixiyaa xisaab safar uu ku maray Harada Fiktooriya isagoo saaran ''Umoja'', isagoo faahfaahinaya khatarta ka imaanaysa jaantusyada duugoobay iyo xoojinta saaxiibtinimada iyo kartida shaqaalaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last= Theroux |first= Paul |author-link= Paul Theroux |title= Dark Star Safari: Overland from Cairo to Cape Town |publisher= [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin]] |year= 2003 |location=Boston |pages=not cited |isbn= 0-618-13424-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umoja, MV}}</text>
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    <title>MV Uhuru</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>299103</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T20:48:55Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="4637" sha1="t4y9xkn7hda5dg0pe4vhar3lhqd73l3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image= MV Uhuru.jpg
 | image_caption= MV ''Uhuru'' oo ku xiran Dekedaha Kisumu
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header              = 
 | name                = MV ''Uhuru''
 | owner               = 
 | operator            = 
 | registry            = {{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kisumu]]
 | route               = on [[Harada Fiktooriya]] inta u dhexeysa [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], [[Mwanza]], [[Musoma]] &amp; [[Kisumu]] 
 | ordered             = 
 | builder             = [[Yarrow Shipbuilders]]&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 | original_cost       = 
 | yard_number         = 2243&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 | way_number          = 
 | laid_down           = 
 | launched            = 1965
 | completed           = 
 | christened          = 
 | acquired            = 
 | maiden_voyage       = 
 | in_service          = 17 Oktoobar 1966
 | out_of_service      = 
 | identification      = 
 | fate                = 
 | status              = 
 | notes               = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header              = 
 | header_caption           = 
 | class               = 
 | type                = [[kivukada tareenada]]
 | tonnage             = 1,180&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt;
 | displacement        = 
 | length              = in ka badan {{convert|300|ft|m||abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt;
 | beam                = 
 | height              = 
 | draught             = {{convert|8|ft|8|in|m||abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt;
 | draft               = 
 | depth               = 
 | decks               = 
 | deck_clearance      = 
 | ramps               = 
 | power               = {{convert|800|hp|kW||abbr=on}} V-8&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt; naaftada&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 | propulsion          = minjooyin&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;
 | speed               = 
 | capacity            = 
 | crew                = 
 | notes               = 
 }}
}}

'''MV ''Uhuru''''' waa [[Kivukada Harada Fiktooriya|kivuko Harada Fiktooriya]] oo ku taal Bariga Afrika. Waa [[kivukada tareenada]] ee [[Kenya Railways Corporation]] oo ka hawlgala inta u dhexeysa [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], [[Mwanza]], [[Musoma]] iyo [[Kisumu]].&lt;ref name=Clyde&gt;{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |title=Uhuru (1965) |work=Clyde-built Database |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1589 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923231518/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1589 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2006-09-23 |access-date= 2011-05-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Uhuru (independence)|Uhuru]]'' macnaheedu waa &quot;xornimo&quot; marka laga hadlayo [[Af-Sawaaxili|Sawaaxili]].

''Uhuru'' iyo [[markabka mataanaha]] {{MV|Umoja}} waxaa la dhisay 1965 by [[Yarrow Shipbuilders]] ee [[Scotstoun]], [[Glasgow]], [[Skotlaan]],&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt;&lt;ref name=ClydeUmoja&gt;{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Umoja |work= Clyde-built Database |year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 2006-09-23 |access-date= 2011-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna galeen adeegga 1966.&lt;ref name=Amin&gt;{{cite book |title=Railway Across The Equator:The Story of the East African Line |last1=Amin |first1=Mohamed |author-link1=Mohamed Amin |last2=Willetts |first2=Duncan |last3=Matheson |first3=Alastair |year=1986 |publisher=The Bodley Head |location=London |isbn=0-370-30774-7 |pages=140–143 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo in ka badan {{convert|300|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, waxay ahaayeen maraakiibta ugu dheer harooyinka Bariga Afrika.&lt;ref name=Amin/&gt;

Laba markab waxaa iska lahaa oo maamuli jiray [[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation]] (EARH) ilaa 1977, markii EARH loo qaybiyay Kenya, Tansaaniya iyo [[Ugaandha]]. ''Uhuru'' waxaa loo wareejiyay Kenya Railways Corporation cusub&lt;ref name=Clyde/&gt; iyo ''Umoja'' waxaa loo wareejiyay [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]] cusub.&lt;ref name=ClydeUmoja/&gt;

''Uhuru'' waxaa laga joojiyay adeeggii 2007 ka dib markii ay ku xayirantay sannadkii ka horreeyay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Counting Losses |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200710031261.html |newspaper=[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]] |date=2007-10-04 |access-date= 2011-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kivukadu waxay dib ugu soo laabatay adeegga 2019, ka dib markii dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lake Victoria train ferry launched |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/lake-victoria-train-ferry-launched/62471.article |access-date=4 May 2025 |work=Railway Gazette International |date=3 September 2022 |location=Sutton, UK }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uhuru}}</text>
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    <title>Doonta Likoni</title>
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      <text bytes="8540" sha1="gaeho2rtxmdw18dvsqzg1opbmq8ziie" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Water transit
|name            = Kivukada Likoni
|logo            =
|logo_size       =
|image           = Jambo, Mombasa, 2025 (03).jpg
|image_size      = 
|caption         = MV ''Jambo'' oo rakaabka ka qaadaya jasiiradda [[Mombasa]] sanadkii 2025
|locale          = [[Mombasa]], Kenya
|waterway        = [[Dekedda Kilindini]]
|transit_type    = [[Lugeeyayaal]] iyo [[Gaadiidka waddooyinka|gaadiidka]] [[kivukada]]
|began_operation = 
|ended_operation = 
|system_length   = {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|lines           = 
|vessels         = MV ''Harambee''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Pwani''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Kilindini''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Mvita''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Nyayo''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Likoni''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Kwale''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Jambo''
|terminals = Jasiiradda Mombasa&lt;br /&gt;Likoni
|ridership = 
|operator = Kenya Ferry Services
|owner =
}}

'''Kivukada Likoni''' waa adeeg kivuko ah oo ka gudba [[Dekedda Kilindini]], una adeega magaalada Kenya ee [[Mombasa]] inta u dhexeysa [[Jasiiradda Mombasa]] iyo [[xaafadda]] weyn ee [[Likoni]]. [[Ferry#Double-ended|Kivukada labada dhinac leh]] ayaa ku kala beddela dekedda, iyagoo wada gaadiidka waddooyinka iyo dadka lugeynaya. Kivukadahan waxaa maamula Kenya Ferry Services (KFS), waana adeeggii kivuko ee kaliya ee ay maamusho KFS. Kivukada Likoni waxay bilowday hawlgalkeeda 1937.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KFS History|url=https://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/about-us/about-kfs-ltd/kfs-history|website=www.kenyaferry.co.ke|access-date=28 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeegga rakaabka waa lacag la'aan; gaadiidka (oo ay ku jiraan [[tuktuk]]-yada, mootooyinka, iyo gawaarida waaweyn) ayaa bixiya lacag.

Gudubku waa qiyaastii {{convert|500|m}}.

==Adeegga==
[[File:Hamburg Dradenau MV Kwale MV Likoni 3735.jpg|thumb|left|Kivukada cusub ee MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' oo ku xiran Terminalka Dradenau ee Dekedda Hamburg, Jarmalka.]]  
Waxaa jira toddobo kivuko oo shaqeeya. MV ''Mvita'' iyo MV ''Pwani'' waxaa la iibsaday 1969 iyo 1974, siday u kala horreeyaan; MV ''Nyayo'', MV ''Harambee'', iyo MV ''Kilindini'' waxaa loo iibsaday gacan labaad 1990. MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' waxaa la helay Juun 2010. MV ''Jambo'' waxaa laga iibsaday Turkiga 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barasa 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Barasa |first1=Lucas |title=New Likoni ferry, MV Jambo, leaves Turkey for Kenya |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/mombasa/new-likoni-ferry-mv-jambo-leaves-turkey-for-kenya-412794 |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=Nation |date=29 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2010, ''Harambee'', ''Nyayo'', iyo ''Kilindini'' ayaa laga saaray [[Lloyd's Register]] sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan u qalmin badda.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/875106/-/vr7qqq/-/index.html New ferries no magic wand, say experts]&lt;/ref&gt; Ilaa laga gaaray Maajo 2011, MV ''Nyayo'' waxay weli isticmaalka ugu jirtay sidii kivuko gargaar ah.

[[Dongo Kundu bypass]] ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay fududeyso kivukada ciriiriga ah iyadoo isku xiraysa . Waddada ayaa mari lahayd [[Diani Beach|Diani]] ilaa [[Miritini]], iyadoo dhaafi lahayd Mombasa lafteeda.&lt;ref&gt;The Standard, 28 January 2010: [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&amp;cid=470&amp; A bypass might solve the ferry debacle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314134625/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&amp;cid=470&amp; |date=14 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Buundo toos ah ama tunnel ka imanaya Likoni oo u socda Jasiiradda Mombasa ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay, laakiin qiimaha sare ee dhisiddooda ayaa ka dhigay fursadahan kuwo aan suurtagal ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/State%20sitting%20on%20grand%20proposals%20over%20ferry%20problems/-/1056/875118/-/l7cj21/-/index.html State sitting on grand proposals over ferry problems]&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2018, [[Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka]] ayaa ka digtay dadka safraya inay isticmaalaan kivukada sababo la xiriira welwelka ammaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;KTA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kenya Travel Advisory |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/kenya-travel-advisory.html |website=travel.state.gov |access-date=6 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhacdooyinka ==
===''Mtongwe'' Musiibadii (1994)===
29 Abriil 1994, kivukada ''Mtongwe'' oo ku sii jeeday dhulweynaha ayaa kula gadoontay {{convert|40|m}} dekedda, taasoo dishay 272 ka mid ah 400 oo qof oo saarnaa.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, Wednesday Magazine, 19 November 2003: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427035859/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/wednesday/19112003/story19111.htm The restless ghosts of Mtongwe]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Business|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/2560-246764-uuyore/index.html|website=The East African|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musiibada ka dib, waxaa la soo wariyay in awoodda markabka ay ahayd 300. Ilaa 2005, KFS waxay magdhow siisay 81 qoys wadar ahaan [[Shilinka Kenya|KSh]] 36,902,472 ([[Doolarka Mareykanka|US$]]486,840).&lt;ref&gt;[http://ferrynews.com/stories/kenyan-ferry-firm-compensates-tragedy-victims Kenyan ferry firm compensates tragedy victims — Ferrynews&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===''Harambee'' dhacdadii (2019)===
29 Sebteembar 2019, 35-jir Mariam Kighenda iyo gabadheeda 4-jirka ah Amanda Wambua ayaa dhintay ka dib markii ay raaceen ''Harambee'' iyadoo gaarigooda [[Toyota Isis]] uu ka siibtay dhabarka dambe ee raritaanka dekedda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Car-plunges-into-Indian-Ocean/4552908-5292398-view-asAMP-59w0n4z/index.html|title=Search and rescue underway in Kenya after car plunges into ocean|work=The East African|date=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343853/mother-and-daughters-identified-as-victims-of-likoni-ferry-tragedy|title=Mother and daughters identified as victims of Likoni Ferry tragedy|work=Standard Media|date=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343916/body-of-woman-and-daughter-still-trapped-60m-underwater|title=Body of woman and daughter still trapped 60m underwater|work=Standard Media|date=1 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2 Oktoobar, kooxda samatabbixinta ayaa adeegsatay robot-yo si ay u helaan meydadka dhibanayaasha oo ku xayiran gaariga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001344131/state-use-robots-to-locate-likoni-ferry-tragedy-victims|title=State using robots to locate Likoni Ferry tragedy victims|work=Standard Media|date=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2019/10/search-for-sunday-0ferry-tragedy-victims-widened-to-9-probable-locations/|title=Search for Sunday ferry tragedy victims widened to 9 probable locations|work=Capital FM Kenya|date=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 9 Oktoobar, gaariga iyo meydadka ayaa laga helay qoto dheer oo ah {{convert|58|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Divers-locate-car-that-slid-off-Kenya-ferry/4552908-5305000-view-asAMP-770qj0z/index.html|title=Divers locate car that slid off Kenyan ferry|work=The East African|date=9 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001345166/family-of-likoni-victims-left-frustrated-as-retrieval-of-bodies-is-delayed|title=Family of Likoni victims left frustrated as retrieval of bodies is delayed|work=Standard Media|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la soo saaray laba maalin ka dib.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/10/11/breaking-ill-fated-vehicle-in-likoni-ferry-tragedy-finally-retrieved/amp/#aoh=15708157660462&amp;referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|title=Likoni Ferry Tragedy, Bodies Finally Retrieved [Video]|work=Kahawa Tungu|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kharashaadka ==
Mootooyinka waxay bixiyaan KSh 50, gawaarida sedan waxay bixiyaan KSh 120, minibuses waxay bixiyaan KSh 600, iyo basaska waxay bixiyaan KSh 1,100.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=KFS toll charges|url=http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/bonus-pages/about-us|accessdate=5 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka lugeynaya iyo baaskiilleyda waa lacag la'aan.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke Kenya Ferry Services] - &quot;la hakiyay&quot; tan iyo 2022 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221116172633/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/] iyo hadda (Nofeembar 2025) dib u sii hagida goob su'aalo [https://web.archive.org/web/20250101000000*/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/]</text>
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      <text bytes="8542" sha1="1xbsufapb9edxggljvywpv95o9x82ug" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Water transit
|name            = Kivukada Likoni
|logo            =
|logo_size       =
|image           = Jambo, Mombasa, 2025 (03).jpg
|image_size      = 
|caption         = MV ''Jambo'' oo rakaabka ka qaadaya jasiiradda [[Mombasa]] sanadkii 2025
|locale          = [[Mombaaso]], Kenya
|waterway        = [[Dekedda Kilindini]]
|transit_type    = [[Lugeeyayaal]] iyo [[Gaadiidka waddooyinka|gaadiidka]] [[kivukada]]
|began_operation = 
|ended_operation = 
|system_length   = {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|lines           = 
|vessels         = MV ''Harambee''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Pwani''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Kilindini''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Mvita''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Nyayo''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Likoni''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Kwale''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Jambo''
|terminals = Jasiiradda Mombasa&lt;br /&gt;Likoni
|ridership = 
|operator = Kenya Ferry Services
|owner =
}}

'''Kivukada Likoni''' waa adeeg kivuko ah oo ka gudba [[Dekedda Kilindini]], una adeega magaalada Kenya ee [[Mombaaso]] inta u dhexeysa [[Jasiiradda Mombasa]] iyo [[xaafadda]] weyn ee [[Likoni]]. [[Ferry#Double-ended|Kivukada labada dhinac leh]] ayaa ku kala beddela dekedda, iyagoo wada gaadiidka waddooyinka iyo dadka lugeynaya. Kivukadahan waxaa maamula Kenya Ferry Services (KFS), waana adeeggii kivuko ee kaliya ee ay maamusho KFS. Kivukada Likoni waxay bilowday hawlgalkeeda 1937.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KFS History|url=https://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/about-us/about-kfs-ltd/kfs-history|website=www.kenyaferry.co.ke|access-date=28 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeegga rakaabka waa lacag la'aan; gaadiidka (oo ay ku jiraan [[tuktuk]]-yada, mootooyinka, iyo gawaarida waaweyn) ayaa bixiya lacag.

Gudubku waa qiyaastii {{convert|500|m}}.

==Adeegga==
[[File:Hamburg Dradenau MV Kwale MV Likoni 3735.jpg|thumb|left|Kivukada cusub ee MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' oo ku xiran Terminalka Dradenau ee Dekedda Hamburg, Jarmalka.]]  
Waxaa jira toddobo kivuko oo shaqeeya. MV ''Mvita'' iyo MV ''Pwani'' waxaa la iibsaday 1969 iyo 1974, siday u kala horreeyaan; MV ''Nyayo'', MV ''Harambee'', iyo MV ''Kilindini'' waxaa loo iibsaday gacan labaad 1990. MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' waxaa la helay Juun 2010. MV ''Jambo'' waxaa laga iibsaday Turkiga 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barasa 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Barasa |first1=Lucas |title=New Likoni ferry, MV Jambo, leaves Turkey for Kenya |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/mombasa/new-likoni-ferry-mv-jambo-leaves-turkey-for-kenya-412794 |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=Nation |date=29 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2010, ''Harambee'', ''Nyayo'', iyo ''Kilindini'' ayaa laga saaray [[Lloyd's Register]] sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan u qalmin badda.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/875106/-/vr7qqq/-/index.html New ferries no magic wand, say experts]&lt;/ref&gt; Ilaa laga gaaray Maajo 2011, MV ''Nyayo'' waxay weli isticmaalka ugu jirtay sidii kivuko gargaar ah.

[[Dongo Kundu bypass]] ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay fududeyso kivukada ciriiriga ah iyadoo isku xiraysa . Waddada ayaa mari lahayd [[Diani Beach|Diani]] ilaa [[Miritini]], iyadoo dhaafi lahayd Mombasa lafteeda.&lt;ref&gt;The Standard, 28 January 2010: [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&amp;cid=470&amp; A bypass might solve the ferry debacle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314134625/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&amp;cid=470&amp; |date=14 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Buundo toos ah ama tunnel ka imanaya Likoni oo u socda Jasiiradda Mombasa ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay, laakiin qiimaha sare ee dhisiddooda ayaa ka dhigay fursadahan kuwo aan suurtagal ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/State%20sitting%20on%20grand%20proposals%20over%20ferry%20problems/-/1056/875118/-/l7cj21/-/index.html State sitting on grand proposals over ferry problems]&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2018, [[Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka]] ayaa ka digtay dadka safraya inay isticmaalaan kivukada sababo la xiriira welwelka ammaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;KTA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kenya Travel Advisory |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/kenya-travel-advisory.html |website=travel.state.gov |access-date=6 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhacdooyinka ==
===''Mtongwe'' Musiibadii (1994)===
29 Abriil 1994, kivukada ''Mtongwe'' oo ku sii jeeday dhulweynaha ayaa kula gadoontay {{convert|40|m}} dekedda, taasoo dishay 272 ka mid ah 400 oo qof oo saarnaa.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, Wednesday Magazine, 19 November 2003: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427035859/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/wednesday/19112003/story19111.htm The restless ghosts of Mtongwe]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Business|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/2560-246764-uuyore/index.html|website=The East African|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musiibada ka dib, waxaa la soo wariyay in awoodda markabka ay ahayd 300. Ilaa 2005, KFS waxay magdhow siisay 81 qoys wadar ahaan [[Shilinka Kenya|KSh]] 36,902,472 ([[Doolarka Mareykanka|US$]]486,840).&lt;ref&gt;[http://ferrynews.com/stories/kenyan-ferry-firm-compensates-tragedy-victims Kenyan ferry firm compensates tragedy victims — Ferrynews&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===''Harambee'' dhacdadii (2019)===
29 Sebteembar 2019, 35-jir Mariam Kighenda iyo gabadheeda 4-jirka ah Amanda Wambua ayaa dhintay ka dib markii ay raaceen ''Harambee'' iyadoo gaarigooda [[Toyota Isis]] uu ka siibtay dhabarka dambe ee raritaanka dekedda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Car-plunges-into-Indian-Ocean/4552908-5292398-view-asAMP-59w0n4z/index.html|title=Search and rescue underway in Kenya after car plunges into ocean|work=The East African|date=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343853/mother-and-daughters-identified-as-victims-of-likoni-ferry-tragedy|title=Mother and daughters identified as victims of Likoni Ferry tragedy|work=Standard Media|date=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343916/body-of-woman-and-daughter-still-trapped-60m-underwater|title=Body of woman and daughter still trapped 60m underwater|work=Standard Media|date=1 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2 Oktoobar, kooxda samatabbixinta ayaa adeegsatay robot-yo si ay u helaan meydadka dhibanayaasha oo ku xayiran gaariga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001344131/state-use-robots-to-locate-likoni-ferry-tragedy-victims|title=State using robots to locate Likoni Ferry tragedy victims|work=Standard Media|date=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2019/10/search-for-sunday-0ferry-tragedy-victims-widened-to-9-probable-locations/|title=Search for Sunday ferry tragedy victims widened to 9 probable locations|work=Capital FM Kenya|date=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 9 Oktoobar, gaariga iyo meydadka ayaa laga helay qoto dheer oo ah {{convert|58|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Divers-locate-car-that-slid-off-Kenya-ferry/4552908-5305000-view-asAMP-770qj0z/index.html|title=Divers locate car that slid off Kenyan ferry|work=The East African|date=9 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001345166/family-of-likoni-victims-left-frustrated-as-retrieval-of-bodies-is-delayed|title=Family of Likoni victims left frustrated as retrieval of bodies is delayed|work=Standard Media|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la soo saaray laba maalin ka dib.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/10/11/breaking-ill-fated-vehicle-in-likoni-ferry-tragedy-finally-retrieved/amp/#aoh=15708157660462&amp;referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|title=Likoni Ferry Tragedy, Bodies Finally Retrieved [Video]|work=Kahawa Tungu|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kharashaadka ==
Mootooyinka waxay bixiyaan KSh 50, gawaarida sedan waxay bixiyaan KSh 120, minibuses waxay bixiyaan KSh 600, iyo basaska waxay bixiyaan KSh 1,100.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=KFS toll charges|url=http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/bonus-pages/about-us|accessdate=5 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka lugeynaya iyo baaskiilleyda waa lacag la'aan.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke Kenya Ferry Services] - &quot;la hakiyay&quot; tan iyo 2022 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221116172633/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/] iyo hadda (Nofeembar 2025) dib u sii hagida goob su'aalo [https://web.archive.org/web/20250101000000*/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/]</text>
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      <text bytes="8712" sha1="fcb4v5ag1qri7dy3smgc4znglgxmzii" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Water transit
|name            = Kivukada Likoni
|logo            =
|logo_size       =
|image           = Jambo, Mombasa, 2025 (03).jpg
|image_size      = 
|caption         = MV ''Jambo'' oo rakaabka ka qaadaya jasiiradda [[Mombasa]] sanadkii 2025
|locale          = [[Mombaaso]], Kenya
|waterway        = [[Dekedda Kilindini]]
|transit_type    = [[Lugeeyayaal]] iyo [[Gaadiidka waddooyinka|gaadiidka]] [[kivukada]]
|began_operation = 
|ended_operation = 
|system_length   = {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|lines           = 
|vessels         = MV ''Harambee''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Pwani''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Kilindini''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Mvita''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Nyayo''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Likoni''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Kwale''&lt;br /&gt;MV ''Jambo''
|terminals = Jasiiradda Mombasa&lt;br /&gt;Likoni
|ridership = 
|operator = Kenya Ferry Services
|owner =
}}

'''Kivukada Likoni''' waa adeeg kivuko ah oo ka gudba [[Dekedda Kilindini]], una adeega magaalada Kenya ee [[Mombaaso]] inta u dhexeysa [[Jasiiradda Mombasa]] iyo [[xaafadda]] weyn ee [[Likoni]]. [[Ferry#Double-ended|Kivukada labada dhinac leh]] ayaa ku kala beddela dekedda, iyagoo wada gaadiidka waddooyinka iyo dadka lugeynaya. Kivukadahan waxaa maamula Kenya Ferry Services (KFS), waana adeeggii kivuko ee kaliya ee ay maamusho KFS. Kivukada Likoni waxay bilowday hawlgalkeeda 1937.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KFS History|url=https://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/about-us/about-kfs-ltd/kfs-history|website=www.kenyaferry.co.ke|access-date=28 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeegga rakaabka waa lacag la'aan; gaadiidka (oo ay ku jiraan [[tuktuk]]-yada, mootooyinka, iyo gawaarida waaweyn) ayaa bixiya lacag.

Gudubku waa qiyaastii {{convert|500|m}}.

==Adeegga==
[[File:Hamburg Dradenau MV Kwale MV Likoni 3735.jpg|thumb|left|Kivukada cusub ee MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' oo ku xiran Terminalka Dradenau ee Dekedda Hamburg, Jarmalka.]]  
Waxaa jira toddobo kivuko oo shaqeeya. MV ''Mvita'' iyo MV ''Pwani'' waxaa la iibsaday 1969 iyo 1974, siday u kala horreeyaan; MV ''Nyayo'', MV ''Harambee'', iyo MV ''Kilindini'' waxaa loo iibsaday gacan labaad 1990. MV ''Kwale'' iyo MV ''Likoni'' waxaa la helay Juun 2010. MV ''Jambo'' waxaa laga iibsaday Turkiga 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barasa 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Barasa |first1=Lucas |title=New Likoni ferry, MV Jambo, leaves Turkey for Kenya |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/mombasa/new-likoni-ferry-mv-jambo-leaves-turkey-for-kenya-412794 |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=Nation |date=29 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2010, ''Harambee'', ''Nyayo'', iyo ''Kilindini'' ayaa laga saaray [[Lloyd's Register]] sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan u qalmin badda.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/875106/-/vr7qqq/-/index.html New ferries no magic wand, say experts]&lt;/ref&gt; Ilaa laga gaaray Maajo 2011, MV ''Nyayo'' waxay weli isticmaalka ugu jirtay sidii kivuko gargaar ah.

[[Dongo Kundu bypass]] ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay fududeyso kivukada ciriiriga ah iyadoo isku xiraysa . Waddada ayaa mari lahayd [[Diani Beach|Diani]] ilaa [[Miritini]], iyadoo dhaafi lahayd Mombasa lafteeda.&lt;ref&gt;The Standard, 28 January 2010: [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&amp;cid=470&amp; A bypass might solve the ferry debacle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314134625/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/mag/InsidePage.php?id=2000001834&amp;cid=470&amp; |date=14 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Buundo toos ah ama tunnel ka imanaya Likoni oo u socda Jasiiradda Mombasa ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay, laakiin qiimaha sare ee dhisiddooda ayaa ka dhigay fursadahan kuwo aan suurtagal ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, 7 March 2010: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/State%20sitting%20on%20grand%20proposals%20over%20ferry%20problems/-/1056/875118/-/l7cj21/-/index.html State sitting on grand proposals over ferry problems] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/State%20sitting%20on%20grand%20proposals%20over%20ferry%20problems/-/1056/875118/-/l7cj21/-/index.html |date=20171029014015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 2018, [[Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka]] ayaa ka digtay dadka safraya inay isticmaalaan kivukada sababo la xiriira welwelka ammaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;KTA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kenya Travel Advisory |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/kenya-travel-advisory.html |website=travel.state.gov |access-date=6 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhacdooyinka ==
===''Mtongwe'' Musiibadii (1994)===
29 Abriil 1994, kivukada ''Mtongwe'' oo ku sii jeeday dhulweynaha ayaa kula gadoontay {{convert|40|m}} dekedda, taasoo dishay 272 ka mid ah 400 oo qof oo saarnaa.&lt;ref&gt;Daily Nation, Wednesday Magazine, 19 November 2003: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427035859/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/wednesday/19112003/story19111.htm The restless ghosts of Mtongwe]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Business|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/2560-246764-uuyore/index.html|website=The East African|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musiibada ka dib, waxaa la soo wariyay in awoodda markabka ay ahayd 300. Ilaa 2005, KFS waxay magdhow siisay 81 qoys wadar ahaan [[Shilinka Kenya|KSh]] 36,902,472 ([[Doolarka Mareykanka|US$]]486,840).&lt;ref&gt;[http://ferrynews.com/stories/kenyan-ferry-firm-compensates-tragedy-victims Kenyan ferry firm compensates tragedy victims — Ferrynews&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===''Harambee'' dhacdadii (2019)===
29 Sebteembar 2019, 35-jir Mariam Kighenda iyo gabadheeda 4-jirka ah Amanda Wambua ayaa dhintay ka dib markii ay raaceen ''Harambee'' iyadoo gaarigooda [[Toyota Isis]] uu ka siibtay dhabarka dambe ee raritaanka dekedda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Car-plunges-into-Indian-Ocean/4552908-5292398-view-asAMP-59w0n4z/index.html|title=Search and rescue underway in Kenya after car plunges into ocean|work=The East African|date=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343853/mother-and-daughters-identified-as-victims-of-likoni-ferry-tragedy|title=Mother and daughters identified as victims of Likoni Ferry tragedy|work=Standard Media|date=30 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343916/body-of-woman-and-daughter-still-trapped-60m-underwater|title=Body of woman and daughter still trapped 60m underwater|work=Standard Media|date=1 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2 Oktoobar, kooxda samatabbixinta ayaa adeegsatay robot-yo si ay u helaan meydadka dhibanayaasha oo ku xayiran gaariga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001344131/state-use-robots-to-locate-likoni-ferry-tragedy-victims|title=State using robots to locate Likoni Ferry tragedy victims|work=Standard Media|date=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2019/10/search-for-sunday-0ferry-tragedy-victims-widened-to-9-probable-locations/|title=Search for Sunday ferry tragedy victims widened to 9 probable locations|work=Capital FM Kenya|date=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 9 Oktoobar, gaariga iyo meydadka ayaa laga helay qoto dheer oo ah {{convert|58|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Divers-locate-car-that-slid-off-Kenya-ferry/4552908-5305000-view-asAMP-770qj0z/index.html|title=Divers locate car that slid off Kenyan ferry|work=The East African|date=9 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001345166/family-of-likoni-victims-left-frustrated-as-retrieval-of-bodies-is-delayed|title=Family of Likoni victims left frustrated as retrieval of bodies is delayed|work=Standard Media|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la soo saaray laba maalin ka dib.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/10/11/breaking-ill-fated-vehicle-in-likoni-ferry-tragedy-finally-retrieved/amp/#aoh=15708157660462&amp;referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|title=Likoni Ferry Tragedy, Bodies Finally Retrieved [Video]|work=Kahawa Tungu|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kharashaadka ==
Mootooyinka waxay bixiyaan KSh 50, gawaarida sedan waxay bixiyaan KSh 120, minibuses waxay bixiyaan KSh 600, iyo basaska waxay bixiyaan KSh 1,100.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=KFS toll charges|url=http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/bonus-pages/about-us|accessdate=5 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka lugeynaya iyo baaskiilleyda waa lacag la'aan.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke Kenya Ferry Services] - &quot;la hakiyay&quot; tan iyo 2022 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221116172633/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/] iyo hadda (Nofeembar 2025) dib u sii hagida goob su'aalo [https://web.archive.org/web/20250101000000*/http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MS Oujda</title>
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      <text bytes="7944" sha1="mqwonstgrtkug5qr80mgz8o7j1hb5g0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image               = Pride of Hampshire.jpg
 | image_caption             = ''Pride of Hampshire'' oo ka dhoofaysa Portsmouth
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header              =
 | name                =*''Viking Venturer'' (1974-1989)
                        *''Pride of Hampshire'' (1989-2002)
                        *''Pride of Al Salam 2'' (2002-2004)
                        *''Oujda'' (2004-2010)&lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=7358286&amp;lang=en|title=The ferry site|publisher=Ferry-site.dk|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | owner               =*[[European Ferries]] (1974-1987)
                        *[[P&amp;O Ferries]] (1987-2002)
                        *Seven Seas Marine (2002-2010)
 | operator            =
 | registry            =*{{flag|Panama}} &lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;
                        *[[Portsmouth]], {{flag|UK}} (1994)&lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/1990_to_1998/Pride_of_hampshire.cfm |title=MAIB Report of the investigation into the Lifeboat Accident on Pride of Hampshire on 25 September 1994 while berthed at Cherbourg |author=Marine Accidents Investigation Branch |publisher=HMSO |format=PDF |accessdate=18 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | route               =
 | ordered             =
 | builder             = Aalborg Værft AS &lt;ref name=&quot;shipphotos&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.shipphotos.co.uk/pages/prideofhampshire2.htm|title=Ship Photos - Pride of Hampshire - [IMO7358286] - [2]|author=www.shipphotos.co.uk|accessdate=2 January 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222004648/http://www.shipphotos.co.uk/pages/prideofhampshire2.htm|archivedate=22 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.robindesbois.org/english/shipbreaking19.pdf|title=Ship-breaking.com|issue=19|page=16|publisher=Robindesbois.org|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | original_cost       =
 | yard_number         =
 | way_number          =
 | laid_down           =
 | launched            = 7 Juun 1974 &lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | completed           =
 | christened          =
 | acquired            =
 | maiden_voyage       =
 | in_service          =
 | out_of_service      = 2010 &lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://marine.rina.org/_files/pdf/class_susp/class_susp_withdr_march_2010.pdf|title=Entry to say the vessel has been withdrawn from service|publisher=Marine.rina.org|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | identification      = {{IMO Number|7358286}} &lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;/&gt;
 | fate                = La burburiyay horaantii 2010 &lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;/&gt;
 | notes               =
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header              =
 | header_caption           = (Asalka)
 | class               =
 | tonnage             = 6,387
 | displacement        =
 | length              = 128.71 m
 | beam                = 19.81 m
 | height              =
 | draught             = 4.53 m
 | draft               =
 | depth               =
 | decks               =
 | deck_clearance      =
 | ramps               =
 | ice_class           =
 | sail_plan           =
 | power               =
 | propulsion          = Två Werkspoor 8TM410, En 9TM410 naaftada
 | speed               = 18 guntin
 | capacity            =*1,200 rakaab
                        *275 baabuur
 | crew                =
 | notes               =
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header              =
 | header_caption           = (La dheereeyay)
 | class               =
 | tonnage             = 14,760 [[Gross tons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | displacement        =
 | length              = 143.66 m &lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | beam                = 23.47 m &lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | height              =
 | draught             = 5.05 m
 | draft               =
 | depth               =
 | decks               =
 | deck_clearance      =
 | ramps               =
 | ice_class           =
 | sail_plan           =
 | power               =
 | propulsion          = Två Werkspoor 8TM410, En 9TM410 naaftada
 | speed               = 18 guntin
 | capacity            =*1,316 rakaab
                        *380 baabuur
 | crew                =
 | notes               =
 }}
}}
'''MS ''Oujda''''' wuxuu ahaa [[kivuko]] roll-on/roll off ah oo loo dhisay sidii '''''Viking Venturer''''' by Aalborg Værft AS&lt;ref name=&quot;shipphotos&quot;/&gt; sannadkii 1974 ee [[European Ferries|Townsend Thoresen]].

==Taariikhda==
''Viking Venturer'' waxaa markii hore loo geliyay adeegga marin-u-socodka laga bilaabo [[Southampton]] ilaa [[Le Havre]] ka dibna [[Portsmouth]] ilaa [[Cherbourg]]. Waxaa loo iibiyay [[P&amp;O European Ferries]] waxaana loo magacaabay ''Pride of Hampshire''. Markii ay P&amp;O la wareegtay Townsend Thoresen, iyo degitaankii ''[[Herald of Free Enterprise]]'' ee 1987, P&amp;O waxay rabtay inay ka tanaasusho magaca Townsend Thoresen iyo magacyada maraakiibta ee la xiriira shirkadda. Waxaa laga beddelay midabkii Townsend Thoresen ee liimiga iyo caddaanka loona beddelay midabka cusub ee P&amp;O ee buluugga iyo caddaanka, TT-gii ku yaallay qiiq-mareenka ayaa lagu beddelay calanka P&amp;O.&lt;ref name=&quot;simplon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/V_Venturer.html|title=Viking Venturer - Pride of Hampshire - Pride of El Salam 2 - Townsend Thoresen Ferry Photographs - Ferry Postcards|publisher=Simplonpc.co.uk|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Townsend Thoresen waxay noqotay [[P&amp;O Ferries|P&amp;O European Ferries]] sannadkii 1989 ''Viking Venturer'' waxay noqotay ''Pride of Hampshire''. Waxay sii waday inay ku dhoofto magacaas ilaa 2002.
Waxaa loo wareejiyay marin-u-socodka Portsmouth-Cherbourg sannadkii 1994 natiijadii maraakiibta waaweyn [[MS SNAV Sardegna|''Pride of Le Havre'']] &amp; {{MS|Pride of Portsmouth||2}} oo loo kireeyay marin-u-socodka [[Le Havre]].

Sannadkii 1986, markabka waxaa loo kaxeeyay Bremerhaven si loo &quot;[[jumboisation]]&quot;, taas oo ku dartay [[Deck (ship)|dabaq]] dheeraad ah markabka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid u muuqda mid culus xagga sare.

Waxaa la iibiyay 2002 ka dib 27 sano oo adeeg ah oo ka socda [[English Channel]]. Waqtigaas, waxay ahayd kivukada ugu da'da weyn ee ka dhoofaysay Boqortooyada Midowday ee Ingiriiska.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

Mulkiilaheeda cusub, [[El Salam Maritime]], waxay u magacaabeen ''Pride of Al Salam 2''&lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;/&gt; ka dibna ''Oujda''&lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;/&gt; iyadoo ku dhoofaysay Sète iyo Nador maalmaheedii u dambeeyay iyadoo wadata calanka [[Panama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;

Waxaa loo iibiyay burburin gudaha Hindiya sannadkii 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;/&gt;

==Maraakiibta mataanaha==
''Viking Venturer'' waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah afar markab oo mataano ah &lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;/&gt; oo uu amar ku bixiyay Townsend Thoresen.

Saddexda kale waxay ahaayeen:
*{{MS|Viking Valiant||2}} - ka dib ''Pride of Cherbourg'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, ka dib ''Mogador'' waxaana la burburiyay Maajo 2010.
*{{MS|Viking Voyager||2}} - ka dib ''Pride of Cherbourg'' &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, hadda ''Samothraki''.
*[[Pride of Winchester|''Viking Viscount'']] - ka dib ''Pride of Winchester'', hadda ''Vitsentzos Kornaros''.

==Tixraacyo==
===Qoraalo===
{{Reflist}}

===Buug-yaraha===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Cowsill|first1=Miles|last2=Hendy|first2=John|title=Remembering the Thoresen Vikings: Townsend Thoresen trend setters|date=2007|publisher=Ferry Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=978-1871947731}}
{{refend}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://hhvferry.com/blog/?tag=pride-of-hampshire Laga soo bilaabo goobta burburka Oujda (blog)]
*[http://uglyships.wordpress.com/2009/01/11/pride-of-hampshire/ 'Uglyships.wordpress.com' Pride of Hampshire]
*[http://www.hhvferry.com/oujda_06_1.html Xisaab ku saabsan safarka Sète - Nador ee Sebtembar 2006]

{{P&amp;O ships|ferries=no|portsmouth=no|stena=no|north=no|irish=no|pandoro=no}}
{{European Ferries ships}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oujda}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>299109</id>
      <parentid>299108</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T21:00:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Xiriirinta dibadda */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7839" sha1="qfb24w70as40ufssm76zc9ubey5d5uk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image               = Pride of Hampshire.jpg
 | image_caption             = ''Pride of Hampshire'' oo ka dhoofaysa Portsmouth
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header              =
 | name                =*''Viking Venturer'' (1974-1989)
                        *''Pride of Hampshire'' (1989-2002)
                        *''Pride of Al Salam 2'' (2002-2004)
                        *''Oujda'' (2004-2010)&lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ferry-site.dk/ferry.php?id=7358286&amp;lang=en|title=The ferry site|publisher=Ferry-site.dk|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | owner               =*[[European Ferries]] (1974-1987)
                        *[[P&amp;O Ferries]] (1987-2002)
                        *Seven Seas Marine (2002-2010)
 | operator            =
 | registry            =*{{flag|Panama}} &lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;
                        *[[Portsmouth]], {{flag|UK}} (1994)&lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/1990_to_1998/Pride_of_hampshire.cfm |title=MAIB Report of the investigation into the Lifeboat Accident on Pride of Hampshire on 25 September 1994 while berthed at Cherbourg |author=Marine Accidents Investigation Branch |publisher=HMSO |format=PDF |accessdate=18 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | route               =
 | ordered             =
 | builder             = Aalborg Værft AS &lt;ref name=&quot;shipphotos&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.shipphotos.co.uk/pages/prideofhampshire2.htm|title=Ship Photos - Pride of Hampshire - [IMO7358286] - [2]|author=www.shipphotos.co.uk|accessdate=2 January 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222004648/http://www.shipphotos.co.uk/pages/prideofhampshire2.htm|archivedate=22 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.robindesbois.org/english/shipbreaking19.pdf|title=Ship-breaking.com|issue=19|page=16|publisher=Robindesbois.org|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | original_cost       =
 | yard_number         =
 | way_number          =
 | laid_down           =
 | launched            = 7 Juun 1974 &lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | completed           =
 | christened          =
 | acquired            =
 | maiden_voyage       =
 | in_service          =
 | out_of_service      = 2010 &lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://marine.rina.org/_files/pdf/class_susp/class_susp_withdr_march_2010.pdf|title=Entry to say the vessel has been withdrawn from service|publisher=Marine.rina.org|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | identification      = {{IMO Number|7358286}} &lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;/&gt;
 | fate                = La burburiyay horaantii 2010 &lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;/&gt;
 | notes               =
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header              =
 | header_caption           = (Asalka)
 | class               =
 | tonnage             = 6,387
 | displacement        =
 | length              = 128.71 m
 | beam                = 19.81 m
 | height              =
 | draught             = 4.53 m
 | draft               =
 | depth               =
 | decks               =
 | deck_clearance      =
 | ramps               =
 | ice_class           =
 | sail_plan           =
 | power               =
 | propulsion          = Två Werkspoor 8TM410, En 9TM410 naaftada
 | speed               = 18 guntin
 | capacity            =*1,200 rakaab
                        *275 baabuur
 | crew                =
 | notes               =
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header              =
 | header_caption           = (La dheereeyay)
 | class               =
 | tonnage             = 14,760 [[Gross tons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | displacement        =
 | length              = 143.66 m &lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | beam                = 23.47 m &lt;ref name=&quot;maib&quot;/&gt;
 | height              =
 | draught             = 5.05 m
 | draft               =
 | depth               =
 | decks               =
 | deck_clearance      =
 | ramps               =
 | ice_class           =
 | sail_plan           =
 | power               =
 | propulsion          = Två Werkspoor 8TM410, En 9TM410 naaftada
 | speed               = 18 guntin
 | capacity            =*1,316 rakaab
                        *380 baabuur
 | crew                =
 | notes               =
 }}
}}
'''MS ''Oujda''''' wuxuu ahaa [[kivuko]] roll-on/roll off ah oo loo dhisay sidii '''''Viking Venturer''''' by Aalborg Værft AS&lt;ref name=&quot;shipphotos&quot;/&gt; sannadkii 1974 ee [[European Ferries|Townsend Thoresen]].

==Taariikhda==
''Viking Venturer'' waxaa markii hore loo geliyay adeegga marin-u-socodka laga bilaabo [[Southampton]] ilaa [[Le Havre]] ka dibna [[Portsmouth]] ilaa [[Cherbourg]]. Waxaa loo iibiyay [[P&amp;O European Ferries]] waxaana loo magacaabay ''Pride of Hampshire''. Markii ay P&amp;O la wareegtay Townsend Thoresen, iyo degitaankii ''[[Herald of Free Enterprise]]'' ee 1987, P&amp;O waxay rabtay inay ka tanaasusho magaca Townsend Thoresen iyo magacyada maraakiibta ee la xiriira shirkadda. Waxaa laga beddelay midabkii Townsend Thoresen ee liimiga iyo caddaanka loona beddelay midabka cusub ee P&amp;O ee buluugga iyo caddaanka, TT-gii ku yaallay qiiq-mareenka ayaa lagu beddelay calanka P&amp;O.&lt;ref name=&quot;simplon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/V_Venturer.html|title=Viking Venturer - Pride of Hampshire - Pride of El Salam 2 - Townsend Thoresen Ferry Photographs - Ferry Postcards|publisher=Simplonpc.co.uk|accessdate=2 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Townsend Thoresen waxay noqotay [[P&amp;O Ferries|P&amp;O European Ferries]] sannadkii 1989 ''Viking Venturer'' waxay noqotay ''Pride of Hampshire''. Waxay sii waday inay ku dhoofto magacaas ilaa 2002.
Waxaa loo wareejiyay marin-u-socodka Portsmouth-Cherbourg sannadkii 1994 natiijadii maraakiibta waaweyn [[MS SNAV Sardegna|''Pride of Le Havre'']] &amp; {{MS|Pride of Portsmouth||2}} oo loo kireeyay marin-u-socodka [[Le Havre]].

Sannadkii 1986, markabka waxaa loo kaxeeyay Bremerhaven si loo &quot;[[jumboisation]]&quot;, taas oo ku dartay [[Deck (ship)|dabaq]] dheeraad ah markabka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid u muuqda mid culus xagga sare.

Waxaa la iibiyay 2002 ka dib 27 sano oo adeeg ah oo ka socda [[English Channel]]. Waqtigaas, waxay ahayd kivukada ugu da'da weyn ee ka dhoofaysay Boqortooyada Midowday ee Ingiriiska.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

Mulkiilaheeda cusub, [[El Salam Maritime]], waxay u magacaabeen ''Pride of Al Salam 2''&lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;/&gt; ka dibna ''Oujda''&lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;/&gt; iyadoo ku dhoofaysay Sète iyo Nador maalmaheedii u dambeeyay iyadoo wadata calanka [[Panama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rina&quot;/&gt;

Waxaa loo iibiyay burburin gudaha Hindiya sannadkii 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;shipbreak&quot;/&gt;

==Maraakiibta mataanaha==
''Viking Venturer'' waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah afar markab oo mataano ah &lt;ref name=&quot;ferrysite&quot;/&gt; oo uu amar ku bixiyay Townsend Thoresen.

Saddexda kale waxay ahaayeen:
*{{MS|Viking Valiant||2}} - ka dib ''Pride of Cherbourg'' &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, ka dib ''Mogador'' waxaana la burburiyay Maajo 2010.
*{{MS|Viking Voyager||2}} - ka dib ''Pride of Cherbourg'' &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, hadda ''Samothraki''.
*[[Pride of Winchester|''Viking Viscount'']] - ka dib ''Pride of Winchester'', hadda ''Vitsentzos Kornaros''.

==Tixraacyo==
===Qoraalo===
{{Reflist}}

===Buug-yaraha===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Cowsill|first1=Miles|last2=Hendy|first2=John|title=Remembering the Thoresen Vikings: Townsend Thoresen trend setters|date=2007|publisher=Ferry Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=978-1871947731}}
{{refend}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://hhvferry.com/blog/?tag=pride-of-hampshire Laga soo bilaabo goobta burburka Oujda (blog)]
*[http://uglyships.wordpress.com/2009/01/11/pride-of-hampshire/ 'Uglyships.wordpress.com' Pride of Hampshire]
*[http://www.hhvferry.com/oujda_06_1.html Xisaab ku saabsan safarka Sète - Nador ee Sebtembar 2006]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oujda}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shilalkii Doonta Masar ee 1956</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3688" sha1="tmhed80r3rinhksxam860zxshcqb19b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox event
| name = Musiibadii kivukada ee Masar 1956
| image = 
| image_size = 180px
| image_caption = 
| date = 13 Febraayo 1956
| time = Subaxdii
| location = Meel u dhow [[Dekernes]] oo ku taal marin-biyoodka [[Niil]], [[Masar]]
| coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} --&gt;
| cause = 
| participants = &gt;45 rakaab&lt;ref name=Trouw /&gt;&lt;ref name=HH /&gt;&lt;br&gt;maroodi/lo'da&lt;ref name=Trouw /&gt;&lt;ref name=FK /&gt;&lt;br&gt;dameeraha&lt;ref name=Trouw /&gt;
| deaths = 22 carruur ah
}}
'''Musiibadii kivukada ee Masar 1956''' waxay dhacday subaxdii 13 Febraayo 1956 meel u dhow [[Dekernes]] oo ku taal marin-biyood yar oo ka mid ah [[Niil]], dalka [[Masar]]. [[Kivukada rakaabka]] ayaa gadoontay, taasoo dishay 22 arday oo dugsi oo da'doodu u dhexaysay 12 sano iyo 18 sano.&lt;ref name=FK&gt;{{cite news|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010686961:mpeg21:a0064|title=Ruim 20 kinderen in rivier verdronken|newspaper=Friese Koerier : Onafhankelĳk Dagblad voor Friesland en Aangrenzende Gebieden |publisher=[[Friese koerier]]|date=15 February 1956|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Trouw /&gt;

Musiibadan waxaa liis gareeyay wargeyska Nederland ''[[Brabants Dagblad|Het Huisgezin]]'' mid ka mid ah masiibooyinkii waaweynaa ee caalamiga ahaa ee 1956.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=29 December 1956 |title=Rampen troffen de wereld |language=nl |trans-title=Disasters struck the world |newspaper=[[Brabants Dagblad|Het Huisgezin]] |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMUBTB04:210877075:mpeg21:a00076 |via=[[Delpher]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Musiibada==
Bishii Febraayo 1956 buundada dadka lugta ah ee dul marta marin-biyoodka yar ee u dhow [[Dekernes]] ayaa loo xiray dayactir. Dadka doonayay inay ka gudbaan marin-biyoodka waxay ahayd inay qaataan kivuko yar.&lt;ref name=NvhN /&gt;&lt;ref name=Trouw /&gt; Subaxdii 13 Febraayo 1956 afar iyo afartan carruur ah ayaa raacay kivukada si ay u aadaan dugsiga.&lt;ref name=FK /&gt;&lt;ref name=NvhN&gt;{{cite news|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010882719:mpeg21:a0042 |title=Een pont kapseisde Twee en twintig scholieren verdronken |newspaper=[[Nieuwsblad van het Noorden]]|date=13 February 1956|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Carruurtu waxay noqdeen kuwo samir la'aan ah ka dib markii uu kivukada waayay qofkii kivukada waday. Carruurtu waxay ku qanciyeen rakaabkii waaweynaa inay qaadaan barroosinka oo ay iyagu ka gudbaan marin-biyoodka. Kivukada ayaa si culus loo raray.&lt;ref name=FK /&gt; Saaran saaran ayaa ahaa in ka badan 45 rakaab ah iyo sidoo kale maroodi/lo'da iyo dameero.&lt;ref name=Trouw&gt;{{cite news|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010820029:mpeg21:a0154 |title=Ramp met een pont in Egypte|newspaper=[[Trouw]] |date=14 February 1956|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kala bar, koox maroodi ah ayaa bilaabay inay si qaylo leh u ciyaan. Ardaydii dugsiga ayaa argagaxay waxayna u carareen dhinaca kale ee kivukada. Tani waxay sababtay in doontu ay liicdo. Xadhig duug ah oo ku xirnaa kivukada labada bangi ayaa go'ay sababtoo ah xiisadda. Kivukada ayaa gadoontay.&lt;ref name=FK /&gt; Laba iyo labaatan carruur ah oo da'doodu u dhexaysay 12 sano iyo 18 sano (12 wiil, 10 gabdhood) ayaa ku degay biyaha dhoobada leh.&lt;ref name=FK /&gt;&lt;ref name=HH&gt;{{cite news|url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMUBTB04:210874038:mpeg21:a00010 |title=22 scholieren verdronken Pont omgeslagen in Egypte|newspaper=Provinciale Noord-Brabantsche Courant Het Huisgezin |publisher=Het huisgezin |date=14 February 1956|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; 23 carruur ah ayaa awooday inay u dabaashaan dhinaca kale.&lt;ref name=HH /&gt; Xayawaankii way badbaadeen.&lt;ref name=Trouw /&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1956 Egypt ferry accident}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gaadiidka Badda ee El Salam</title>
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| caption             =
| type                = 
| genre               = 
| fate                = 
| predecessor         = 
| successor           = 
| founded             = 
| founder             = 
| defunct             = 
| hq_location_city    = [[Qaahira]]
| hq_location_country = [[Masar]]
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| area_served         = [[Badda Cas]]
| key_people          = 
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| revenue             = 
| operating_income    = 
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| assets              = 
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| divisions           = 
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| website             = [http://www.elsalammaritime.com/ www.elsalammaritime.com]
| footnotes           =  
}}

[[Image:Al Salam Carducci 82.JPG|thumb|240px|right|''Al Salam Carducci 82'' oo ku sugan Suez]]

'''Gaadiidka Badda ee El Salam''' waa shirkad kivuko ah oo Masar ah taasoo maamusha markab dhan shan iyo toban maraakiib ah oo ku socda jidadka [[Badda Cas]] ee u dhexeeya [[deked]]aha Masar, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] iyo [[Urdun]]. Shirkaddu waxay qaadaa in ka badan hal milyan oo rakaab ah sannadkii waana shirkadda ugu weyn ee maraakiibta gaarka loo leeyahay ee Bariga Dhexe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gad-el-Hak2008&quot; /&gt;

El Salam waxay dareenka warbaahinta ku soo jiidatay 2006 ka dib markii {{MV|al-Salam Boccaccio 98}} uu degay 2 Febraayo 2006 Badda Cas xilli uu ka yimid [[Duba, Sacuudi Carabiya]], una socday [[Safaga]] oo ku taal koonfurta Masar, kaasoo ay ku dhinteen in ka badan 1000 qof.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gad-el-Hak2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Mohamed Gad-el-Hak|title=Large-Scale Disasters: Prediction, Control, and Mitigation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfDs5KWqyzcC&amp;pg=PA57|date=23 June 2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-47229-6|page=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabkan, oo ay weheliyaan kuwa kale oo isla fasalkaas ah, ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhameystaan hawlgalkooda 2010, laakiin ka dib musiibadii ''Boccaccio 98'' dhammaan saddexdii markab ee hadhay waxaa loo iibiyay goob burburin oo Hindiya ah (mid kale ayaa gubtay oo degay 2002).

==Jidadka la maamulo==
* [[Suez]], Masar – [[Jeddah]], Sacuudi Carabiya
* [[Port Safaga|Safaga]], Masar – [[Duba, Sacuudi Carabiya|Duba]] iyo Jeddah, labaduba ku yaalla Sacuudi Carabiya
* [[Nuweiba]], Masar – [[Aqaba]], Urdun
* [[Hurghada]], Masar – [[Duba, Sacuudi Carabiya|Duba]], Sacuudi Carabiya

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060204071058/http://www.elsalammaritime.com/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee El Salam Maritime Transport]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060204054830/http://elsalamgroup.com/ El Salam Group]
* [http://www.imo.org/en/Pages/Default.aspx Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Maraakiibta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413010949/http://www.imo.org/en/Pages/Default.aspx |date=13 April 2020 }}</text>
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| caption             =
| type                = 
| genre               = 
| fate                = 
| predecessor         = 
| successor           = 
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| defunct             = 
| hq_location_city    = [[Qaahira]]
| hq_location_country = [[Masar]]
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| area_served         = [[Badda Cas]]
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| website             = [http://www.elsalammaritime.com/ www.elsalammaritime.com]
| footnotes           =  
}}

[[Image:Al Salam Carducci 82.JPG|thumb|240px|right|''Al Salam Carducci 82'' oo ku sugan Suez]]

'''Gaadiidka Badda ee El Salam''' waa shirkad kivuko ah oo Masar ah taasoo maamusha markab dhan shan iyo toban maraakiib ah oo ku socda jidadka [[Badda Cas]] ee u dhexeeya [[deked]]aha Masar, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] iyo [[Urdun]]. Shirkaddu waxay qaadaa in ka badan hal milyan oo rakaab ah sannadkii waana shirkadda ugu weyn ee maraakiibta gaarka loo leeyahay ee Bariga Dhexe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gad-el-Hak2008&quot; /&gt;

El Salam waxay dareenka warbaahinta ku soo jiidatay 2006 ka dib markii {{MV|al-Salam Boccaccio 98}} uu degay 2 Febraayo 2006 Badda Cas xilli uu ka yimid [[Duba, Sacuudi Carabiya]], una socday [[Safaga]] oo ku taal koonfurta Masar, kaasoo ay ku dhinteen in ka badan 1000 qof.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gad-el-Hak2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Mohamed Gad-el-Hak|title=Large-Scale Disasters: Prediction, Control, and Mitigation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfDs5KWqyzcC&amp;pg=PA57|date=23 June 2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-47229-6|page=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabkan, oo ay weheliyaan kuwa kale oo isla fasalkaas ah, ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhameystaan hawlgalkooda 2010, laakiin ka dib musiibadii ''Boccaccio 98'' dhammaan saddexdii markab ee hadhay waxaa loo iibiyay goob burburin oo Hindiya ah (mid kale ayaa gubtay oo degay 2002).

==Jidadka la maamulo==
* [[Suez]], Masar – [[Jeddah]], Sacuudi Carabiya
* [[Port Safaga|Safaga]], Masar – [[Duba, Sacuudi Carabiya|Duba]] iyo Jeddah, labaduba ku yaalla Sacuudi Carabiya
* [[Nuweiba]], Masar – [[Aqaba]], Urdun
* [[Hurghada]], Masar – [[Duba, Sacuudi Carabiya|Duba]], Sacuudi Carabiya

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060204071058/http://www.elsalammaritime.com/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee El Salam Maritime Transport]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060204054830/http://elsalamgroup.com/ El Salam Group]
* [http://www.imo.org/en/Pages/Default.aspx Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Maraakiibta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.imo.org/en/Pages/Default.aspx |date=20200413010949 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413010949/http://www.imo.org/en/Pages/Default.aspx |date=13 April 2020 }}</text>
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    <title>Shirkadda Qaran ee Maraakiibta Corsica iyo Badda Mediterranean</title>
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      <text bytes="10098" sha1="efou3ub1dj5jaq8u2n8w5tzw12tg1wy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name                = Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditerranée
| logo                = 
| caption             =
| type                = 
| genre               = 
| fate                = 
| predecessor         = 
| successor           = 
| founded             = 1969 (Sida CGTM)&lt;br&gt;1976 (Sida SNCM)
| founder             = 
| defunct             = 2016 (Sida SNCM)
| hq_location_city    = 
| hq_location_country = 
| hq_location         = [[Marseille]], [[Faransiiska]]
| num_locations       = 
| area_served         = [[Faransiiska]], [[Talyaaniga]], [[Aljeeriya]], [[Tuniisiya]]
| key_people          = 
| industry            = Gaadiidka rakaabka&lt;br&gt;Gaadiidka xamuulka
| products            = 
| services            = 
| revenue             = 
| operating_income    = 
| net_income          = 
| aum                 = 
| assets              = 
| equity              = 
| owner               = 
| num_employees       = 
| parent              = 
| divisions           = 
| subsidiaries        = 
| website             = [https://web.archive.org/*/https://www.sncm.fr www.sncm.fr]
| footnotes           = 
| intl                =  
}}

[[Image:Mv-Danielle-Casanova-Bastia-fr-01.jpg|thumb|260px|[[MS Danielle Casanova|MS ''Danielle Casanova'']] oo ka dhoofaysa dekedda [[Bastia]]]]
[[File:Pascal paoli port de bastia.jpg|thumb|260px|[[MS Pascal Paoli|MS ''Pascal Paoli'']]]]

'''Shirkadda Qaran ee Maraakiibta Corsica iyo Badda Mediterranean''' ('''SNCM''') waxay ahayd shirkad [[kivuko]] Faransiis ah oo ka hawlgasha Badda Dhexe.

Kivukadeedu waxay ka dhoofayeen [[Marseille]], [[Toulon]], [[Nice]] oo ku taal dhulka weyn ee Faransiiska, [[Calvi, Haute-Corse|Calvi]], [[Bastia]], [[Ajaccio]], [[Ile Rousse]], [[Propriano]], iyo [[Porto Vecchio]] oo ku taal [[Korsika]], [[Porto Torres]] oo ku taal [[Sardinia]], [[Algiers]], [[Oran]], [[Skikda]] iyo [[Bejaia]] oo ku taal [[Aljeeriya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Tunis]] oo ku taal [[Tuniisiya]] iyo [[Genoa]] oo ku taal Talyaaniga. Laga soo bilaabo 2016 maraakiibta SNCM waxay u gudbeen shirkad cusub, [[Corsica Linea]].

SNCM waxay raadraacaysaa taariikhdeeda ilaa 1850.

==Taariikhda==
[[File:House flag of Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditerranée (SNCM).svg|thumb|[[House flag]] ay isticmaali jirtay SNCM]]
*Sannadkii 1855, waxaa la abuuray ''Compagnie Générale Maritime''.
*Sannadkii 1861, ''Compagnie Générale Maritime'' waxay magaceeda u beddeshay ''Compagnie Générale Transatlantique''.
*Sannadkii 1969, ''Compagnie générale transméditerranéenne'' (CGTM) waxaa la abuuray iyadoo lagu daray adeegyadii Badda Dhexe ee ''Compagnie générale transatlantique'' iyo ''Compagnie de navigation mixte''.
*Sannadkii 1976, CGTM waxay timid gacanta dowladda waxayna magaceeda u beddeshay SNCM. Lahaanshaha dowladda waxaa 75% maamulayay ''Compagnie générale maritime'' (CGM) iyo 25% [[SNCF]], kan dambe ayaa saameyn ku yeeshay magaca cusub.

== 2005 gaar-u-yeelashada ==

Bishii Sebtembar 2005, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska [[Dominique de Villepin]] wuxuu soo bandhigay mashruuc ah [[gaar-u-yeelashada]] shirkadda. Villepin wuxuu SNCM ku wareejiyay [[Butler Capital Partners]] 35 milyan oo Yuuro, ka dib &quot;dib-u-habeyn&quot; hore oo dhan 113 milyan oo Yuuro (in lacag cusub ay dowladda ku shubto). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruucani wuxuu sababay qaylo-dhaan dadweyne, maadaama uu su'aal geliyay mabda'a [[péréquation]] (sinnaanta) ee [[gaadiidka dadweynaha]], taas oo macnaheedu yahay in la hubiyo sii wadida dhulka qaranka iyo [[sinnaanta]] qof kasta oo ku saabsan sii wadida dhulalkan muhiimka ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, SNCM oo ay lahayd [[dowladda]] waxay ahayd inay hubiso gaadiidka u dhexeeya dhulka weyn iyo Korsika sannadka oo dhan, xitaa haddii marka la eego shuruudaha suuqa ee gaarka ah aysan noqon karin [[Faa'iido (xisaabin)|mid faa'iido leh]], si ay dadka reer Korsika u helaan adeegyada maamulka iyo sidoo kale muwaadin kasta oo kale oo Faransiis ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Walter Butler (ganacsade Faransiis ah)|Walter Butler]] wuxuu ahaa saaxiibkii dugsiga ee Villepin ee l'[[École nationale d'administration|ENA]], oo ah dugsiga ugu sarreeya ee shaqaalaha dowladda.

Ka dib wadahadallo adag iyo shaqo-joojin ay sameeyeen [[Confédération Générale du Travail|ururka shaqaalaha ee CGT]] iyo [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Korsika]] (STC), waxaa la soo bandhigay mashruuc cusub. Bishii Maajo 2006, shirkadda ayaa la gaar-yeelay. Connex (oo tan iyo markaas noqotay [[Veolia Transport]], oo ah shirkad hoos timaada kooxda [[Veolia Environment]]) waxay qaadatay 28% SNCM (taas oo ka horreysay 38% Butler heshiiskii hore); dowladda waxay haysatay 25% saamiyada, iyo 9% waxaa loo iibiyay shaqaalaha. 400 [[shaqo ka eryid]] ayaa la qorsheeyay; marka laga soo tago 113 milyan oo Yuuro oo ay dowladdu dib u gelisay ka hor gaar-u-yeelashada, 35 milyan oo Yuuro ayaa la siiyay si loo maalgeliyo shaqo ka eryidda.

Sannadkii 2008, Butler wuxuu saamiyadiisa ka iibiyay Veolia, taas oo noqotay saamilayda ugu weyn oo leh 66% saamiyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|fr}}[http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html SNCM: Veolia récupère de nouvelles parts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830091905/http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html |date=2014-08-30 }}, La helay 11 Sebtembar 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2011, saamiyada waxaa loo gudbiyay [[Transdev|Veolia Transdev]] (hadda si fudud Transdev), ka dib markii Veolia ay la midoowday [[Transdev (taariikhi)]].

Shirkaddu waxay fayl-gareysay ilaalinta kacdaynimada 2014-kii waxaana markii dambe la geliyay maamulka maxkamadda Marseille.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/15641/sncm-is-put-into-administration|publisher=[[IHS Inc.]]|author=Andrew Spurrier|date=2014-11-29|title=SNCM is put into administration|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205151733/http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/15641/sncm-is-put-into-administration|archivedate=2015-02-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maraakiibtii hore==
*''Sidi Bel Abbes'' (1949-1963) La burburiyay [[Alang]], [[Hindiya]] sannadkii 1988.
*''Kaiouran'' (1950-1974) La burburiyay [[Isbayn]] sannadkii 1973.
*''Napoleon'' (1959-1974) La burburiyay [[Gadani Beach]], [[Bakistan]] sannadkii 1987.
*''Fred Scamaroni'' (1965-1980) Degay sidii ''Salem Express'' xilli uu ku sii jeeday [[Suez]] 15 Diseembar 1991. 450 rakaab ah ayaa dhintay.
*''Comte De Nice'' (1966-1983) La burburiyay sidii ''Express Naias'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2003.
*''Corse'' (1966-1981) Degay sidii ''Express Samina'' magaalada [[Paros]] 2 mayl badda ah 26 Sebtembar 2000. 80 rakaab ah ayaa dhintay.
*''Avenir'' (1967-1976) Degay sidii ''Shahrazad'' gudaha [[Badda Cas]] ka dib dab ka kacay dushiisa 21 Sebtembar 1985.
*''Roussillon'' (1970-1980) La burburiyay sidii ''Opi'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2002.
*''Travetal'' (1972-1973) La burburiyay gudaha [[Indunisiya]]
*''Monte Rotondo'' (1973-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Tramola 1'' sannadkii 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tramola 1 venduta per la demolizione |url=https://www.pianetanavi.it/tramola-1-venduta-per-la-demolizione/ |website=Pianeta Navi |language=IT}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Ile De Beaute'' (1973-1976) la burburiyay gudaha [[Chittatong]] Roads [[Bangladesh]] sidii ''Empress'' sannadkii 2004.
*''Provence'' (1974-1989) la burburiyay sidii ''Bel Air'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 1999.
*''Napoleon'' (1976-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Berkane'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2015.
*''L'Isere'' (1976-1984) La burburiyay 2010.
*''L'aude'' (1978-1997) sidii ''Meyra'' tan iyo 2011
*''Cyrnos'' (1979-1990) la burburiyay sidii ''Beau'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2013.
*''Liberte'' (1980-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Biladi'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2013.
*''Esterel'' (1981-1997) la burburiyay sidii ''Mistral Express'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2016.
*''Corse'' (1983-2016) sidii ''Grand Ferry'' tan iyo 2018.
*''Monte Cinto'' (1984-2010) sidii ''Eden'' tan iyo 2014.
*''Danielle Casanova'' (1989-2002) sidii ''Mediteranee'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016
*''Monte D'Oro'' (1991-2016) sidii ''Monte D'Oro'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016
*''Paglia Orbia'' (1994-2016) sidii ''Paglia Orbia'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016
*''NGV Asco'' (1996-2005) degay sidii ''Panagia Parou'' gudaha [[Algeciras]] 2017 oo la burburiyay gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] 2018.
*''NGV Aliso'' (1996-2004) sidii ''Kalli P'' ee Idomeneas Lines tan iyo 2015 la dhigay [[Perama]], [[Giriiga]]
*''Napoleon Bonaparte'' (1996-2014) sidii ''Rhapsody'' ee [[Grandi Navi Veloci]] tan iyo 2014.
*''NGV Liamone'' (2000-2009) la burburiyay sidii ''Tai Min Star'' gudaha [[Taywan]] 2020.
*''Danielle Casanova'' (2002-2016) sidii ''Danielle Casanova'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016.
*''Pascal Paoli'' (2003-2016) sidii ''Pascal Paoli'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016.
*''Jean Nicoli'' (2007-2016) sidii ''Jean Nicoli'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016.
*''NGV Liamone II'' (2010-2010) la dhigay [[Perama]], [[Giriiga]] sidii ''Aelos Kenteris I'' tan iyo 2011.
*''Excelsior'' (2013-2014) sidii ''Excelsior'' ee [[Grandi Navi Veloci]].
*''El. Venizelos'' (2013-2014) sidii ''El. Venizelos'' ee [[ANEK Lines]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Akhrin dheeraad ah==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Seville|first1=Richard|title=Mediterranean Ferries|date=2009|publisher=Ferry Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=9781871947984}}
{{Refend}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|SNCM}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100926063241/http://www.sncm.fr/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee SNCM]
*[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/compagnie_transmediterranen.htm CGTM/SNCM] ee ''Fakta om Fartyg'' {{in lang|sv}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130515005358/http://www.traghettiper-corsica.it/Navi_per_la_Corsica.pdf Kivukada ku socda Korsika] Faahfaahinta farsamo ee maraakiibta kivukada ee kala duwan, taariikhda, qorshayaasha dabaqyada. {{in lang|it}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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| name                = Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditerranée
| logo                = 
| caption             =
| type                = 
| genre               = 
| fate                = 
| predecessor         = 
| successor           = 
| founded             = 1969 (Sida CGTM)&lt;br&gt;1976 (Sida SNCM)
| founder             = 
| defunct             = 2016 (Sida SNCM)
| hq_location_city    = 
| hq_location_country = 
| hq_location         = [[Marseille]], [[Faransiiska]]
| num_locations       = 
| area_served         = [[Faransiiska]], [[Talyaaniga]], [[Aljeeriya]], [[Tuniisiya]]
| key_people          = 
| industry            = Gaadiidka rakaabka&lt;br&gt;Gaadiidka xamuulka
| products            = 
| services            = 
| revenue             = 
| operating_income    = 
| net_income          = 
| aum                 = 
| assets              = 
| equity              = 
| owner               = 
| num_employees       = 
| parent              = 
| divisions           = 
| subsidiaries        = 
| website             = [https://web.archive.org/*/https://www.sncm.fr www.sncm.fr]
| footnotes           = 
| intl                =  
}}

[[Image:Mv-Danielle-Casanova-Bastia-fr-01.jpg|thumb|260px|[[MS Danielle Casanova|MS ''Danielle Casanova'']] oo ka dhoofaysa dekedda [[Bastia]]]]
[[File:Pascal paoli port de bastia.jpg|thumb|260px|[[MS Pascal Paoli|MS ''Pascal Paoli'']]]]

'''Shirkadda Qaran ee Maraakiibta Corsica iyo Badda Mediterranean''' ('''SNCM''') waxay ahayd shirkad [[kivuko]] Faransiis ah oo ka hawlgasha Badda Dhexe.

Kivukadeedu waxay ka dhoofayeen [[Marseille]], [[Toulon]], [[Nice]] oo ku taal dhulka weyn ee Faransiiska, [[Calvi, Haute-Corse|Calvi]], [[Bastia]], [[Ajaccio]], [[Ile Rousse]], [[Propriano]], iyo [[Porto Vecchio]] oo ku taal [[Korsika]], [[Porto Torres]] oo ku taal [[Sardinia]], [[Algiers]], [[Oran]], [[Skikda]] iyo [[Bejaia]] oo ku taal [[Aljeeriya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Tunis]] oo ku taal [[Tuniisiya]] iyo [[Genoa]] oo ku taal Talyaaniga. Laga soo bilaabo 2016 maraakiibta SNCM waxay u gudbeen shirkad cusub, [[Corsica Linea]].

SNCM waxay raadraacaysaa taariikhdeeda ilaa 1850.

==Taariikhda==
[[File:House flag of Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditerranée (SNCM).svg|thumb|[[House flag]] ay isticmaali jirtay SNCM]]
*Sannadkii 1855, waxaa la abuuray ''Compagnie Générale Maritime''.
*Sannadkii 1861, ''Compagnie Générale Maritime'' waxay magaceeda u beddeshay ''Compagnie Générale Transatlantique''.
*Sannadkii 1969, ''Compagnie générale transméditerranéenne'' (CGTM) waxaa la abuuray iyadoo lagu daray adeegyadii Badda Dhexe ee ''Compagnie générale transatlantique'' iyo ''Compagnie de navigation mixte''.
*Sannadkii 1976, CGTM waxay timid gacanta dowladda waxayna magaceeda u beddeshay SNCM. Lahaanshaha dowladda waxaa 75% maamulayay ''Compagnie générale maritime'' (CGM) iyo 25% [[SNCF]], kan dambe ayaa saameyn ku yeeshay magaca cusub.

== 2005 gaar-u-yeelashada ==

Bishii Sebtembar 2005, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska [[Dominique de Villepin]] wuxuu soo bandhigay mashruuc ah [[gaar-u-yeelashada]] shirkadda. Villepin wuxuu SNCM ku wareejiyay [[Butler Capital Partners]] 35 milyan oo Yuuro, ka dib &quot;dib-u-habeyn&quot; hore oo dhan 113 milyan oo Yuuro (in lacag cusub ay dowladda ku shubto). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruucani wuxuu sababay qaylo-dhaan dadweyne, maadaama uu su'aal geliyay mabda'a [[péréquation]] (sinnaanta) ee [[gaadiidka dadweynaha]], taas oo macnaheedu yahay in la hubiyo sii wadida dhulka qaranka iyo [[sinnaanta]] qof kasta oo ku saabsan sii wadida dhulalkan muhiimka ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, SNCM oo ay lahayd [[dowladda]] waxay ahayd inay hubiso gaadiidka u dhexeeya dhulka weyn iyo Korsika sannadka oo dhan, xitaa haddii marka la eego shuruudaha suuqa ee gaarka ah aysan noqon karin [[Faa'iido (xisaabin)|mid faa'iido leh]], si ay dadka reer Korsika u helaan adeegyada maamulka iyo sidoo kale muwaadin kasta oo kale oo Faransiis ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Walter Butler (ganacsade Faransiis ah)|Walter Butler]] wuxuu ahaa saaxiibkii dugsiga ee Villepin ee l'[[École nationale d'administration|ENA]], oo ah dugsiga ugu sarreeya ee shaqaalaha dowladda.

Ka dib wadahadallo adag iyo shaqo-joojin ay sameeyeen [[Confédération Générale du Travail|ururka shaqaalaha ee CGT]] iyo [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Korsika]] (STC), waxaa la soo bandhigay mashruuc cusub. Bishii Maajo 2006, shirkadda ayaa la gaar-yeelay. Connex (oo tan iyo markaas noqotay [[Veolia Transport]], oo ah shirkad hoos timaada kooxda [[Veolia Environment]]) waxay qaadatay 28% SNCM (taas oo ka horreysay 38% Butler heshiiskii hore); dowladda waxay haysatay 25% saamiyada, iyo 9% waxaa loo iibiyay shaqaalaha. 400 [[shaqo ka eryid]] ayaa la qorsheeyay; marka laga soo tago 113 milyan oo Yuuro oo ay dowladdu dib u gelisay ka hor gaar-u-yeelashada, 35 milyan oo Yuuro ayaa la siiyay si loo maalgeliyo shaqo ka eryidda.

Sannadkii 2008, Butler wuxuu saamiyadiisa ka iibiyay Veolia, taas oo noqotay saamilayda ugu weyn oo leh 66% saamiyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|fr}}[http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html SNCM: Veolia récupère de nouvelles parts] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html |date=20140830091905 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830091905/http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html |date=2014-08-30 }}, La helay 11 Sebtembar 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2011, saamiyada waxaa loo gudbiyay [[Transdev|Veolia Transdev]] (hadda si fudud Transdev), ka dib markii Veolia ay la midoowday [[Transdev (taariikhi)]].

Shirkaddu waxay fayl-gareysay ilaalinta kacdaynimada 2014-kii waxaana markii dambe la geliyay maamulka maxkamadda Marseille.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/15641/sncm-is-put-into-administration|publisher=[[IHS Inc.]]|author=Andrew Spurrier|date=2014-11-29|title=SNCM is put into administration|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205151733/http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/15641/sncm-is-put-into-administration|archivedate=2015-02-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maraakiibtii hore==
*''Sidi Bel Abbes'' (1949-1963) La burburiyay [[Alang]], [[Hindiya]] sannadkii 1988.
*''Kaiouran'' (1950-1974) La burburiyay [[Isbayn]] sannadkii 1973.
*''Napoleon'' (1959-1974) La burburiyay [[Gadani Beach]], [[Bakistan]] sannadkii 1987.
*''Fred Scamaroni'' (1965-1980) Degay sidii ''Salem Express'' xilli uu ku sii jeeday [[Suez]] 15 Diseembar 1991. 450 rakaab ah ayaa dhintay.
*''Comte De Nice'' (1966-1983) La burburiyay sidii ''Express Naias'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2003.
*''Corse'' (1966-1981) Degay sidii ''Express Samina'' magaalada [[Paros]] 2 mayl badda ah 26 Sebtembar 2000. 80 rakaab ah ayaa dhintay.
*''Avenir'' (1967-1976) Degay sidii ''Shahrazad'' gudaha [[Badda Cas]] ka dib dab ka kacay dushiisa 21 Sebtembar 1985.
*''Roussillon'' (1970-1980) La burburiyay sidii ''Opi'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2002.
*''Travetal'' (1972-1973) La burburiyay gudaha [[Indunisiya]]
*''Monte Rotondo'' (1973-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Tramola 1'' sannadkii 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tramola 1 venduta per la demolizione |url=https://www.pianetanavi.it/tramola-1-venduta-per-la-demolizione/ |website=Pianeta Navi |language=IT}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Ile De Beaute'' (1973-1976) la burburiyay gudaha [[Chittatong]] Roads [[Bangladesh]] sidii ''Empress'' sannadkii 2004.
*''Provence'' (1974-1989) la burburiyay sidii ''Bel Air'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 1999.
*''Napoleon'' (1976-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Berkane'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2015.
*''L'Isere'' (1976-1984) La burburiyay 2010.
*''L'aude'' (1978-1997) sidii ''Meyra'' tan iyo 2011
*''Cyrnos'' (1979-1990) la burburiyay sidii ''Beau'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2013.
*''Liberte'' (1980-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Biladi'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2013.
*''Esterel'' (1981-1997) la burburiyay sidii ''Mistral Express'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2016.
*''Corse'' (1983-2016) sidii ''Grand Ferry'' tan iyo 2018.
*''Monte Cinto'' (1984-2010) sidii ''Eden'' tan iyo 2014.
*''Danielle Casanova'' (1989-2002) sidii ''Mediteranee'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016
*''Monte D'Oro'' (1991-2016) sidii ''Monte D'Oro'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016
*''Paglia Orbia'' (1994-2016) sidii ''Paglia Orbia'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016
*''NGV Asco'' (1996-2005) degay sidii ''Panagia Parou'' gudaha [[Algeciras]] 2017 oo la burburiyay gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] 2018.
*''NGV Aliso'' (1996-2004) sidii ''Kalli P'' ee Idomeneas Lines tan iyo 2015 la dhigay [[Perama]], [[Giriiga]]
*''Napoleon Bonaparte'' (1996-2014) sidii ''Rhapsody'' ee [[Grandi Navi Veloci]] tan iyo 2014.
*''NGV Liamone'' (2000-2009) la burburiyay sidii ''Tai Min Star'' gudaha [[Taywan]] 2020.
*''Danielle Casanova'' (2002-2016) sidii ''Danielle Casanova'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016.
*''Pascal Paoli'' (2003-2016) sidii ''Pascal Paoli'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016.
*''Jean Nicoli'' (2007-2016) sidii ''Jean Nicoli'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016.
*''NGV Liamone II'' (2010-2010) la dhigay [[Perama]], [[Giriiga]] sidii ''Aelos Kenteris I'' tan iyo 2011.
*''Excelsior'' (2013-2014) sidii ''Excelsior'' ee [[Grandi Navi Veloci]].
*''El. Venizelos'' (2013-2014) sidii ''El. Venizelos'' ee [[ANEK Lines]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Akhrin dheeraad ah==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Seville|first1=Richard|title=Mediterranean Ferries|date=2009|publisher=Ferry Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=9781871947984}}
{{Refend}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|SNCM}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100926063241/http://www.sncm.fr/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee SNCM]
*[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/compagnie_transmediterranen.htm CGTM/SNCM] ee ''Fakta om Fartyg'' {{in lang|sv}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130515005358/http://www.traghettiper-corsica.it/Navi_per_la_Corsica.pdf Kivukada ku socda Korsika] Faahfaahinta farsamo ee maraakiibta kivukada ee kala duwan, taariikhda, qorshayaasha dabaqyada. {{in lang|it}}

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    <title>113</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Algérie Ferries</title>
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      <text bytes="7116" sha1="4wzd9eq20zcdmgqnfoc05r9b7j0a4jw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name                = Algérie Ferries
| logo                = 
| logo_size           = 200px
| caption             =
| type                = 
| genre               = 
| fate                = 
| predecessor         = 
| successor           = 
| founded             = 1987
| founder             = 
| defunct             = 
| hq_location_city    = [[Algiers]]
| hq_location_country = [[Aljeeriya]]
| hq_location         = 
| num_locations       = 
| area_served         = [[Badda Dhexe]]
| key_people          = 
| industry            = Maraakiibta
| products            = 
| services            = Gaadiidka rakaabka&lt;br&gt;Gaadiidka xamuulka
| revenue             = 
| operating_income    = 
| net_income          = 
| aum                 = 
| assets              = 
| equity              = 
| owner               = 
| num_employees       = 
| parent              = 
| divisions           = 
| subsidiaries        = 
| website             = {{URL|http://algerieferries.dz}}
| footnotes           =  
}}
'''Algérie Ferries''' ({{langx|ar|النقل البحري الجزائري}}) ama Entreprise Nationale de Transport Maritime de Voyageurs (ENTMV) ({{langx|ar|المؤسسة الوطنية للنقل البحري للمسافرين}}) waa shirkad maraakiibta oo ay leedahay dowladda Aljeeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Algérie Ferries is looking for a new ferry|url=http://www.ship2shore.it/en/shipping/algerie-ferries-is-looking-for-a-new-ferry_48517.htm|publisher=Ship2Shore|accessdate=13 September 2014|date=12 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=NAVANTIA starts the works of repairing and modernization of the first ship for the Algerian Navy|url=http://www.navantia.es/noticia.php?id_noti=228|publisher=Navantia|accessdate=13 September 2014|date=15 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirkaddu waxay maamushaa adeegyada rakaabka iyo xamuulka ee u dhexeeya [[Aljeeriya]], [[Faransiiska]] iyo [[Isbayn]].

==Jidadka==
Algérie Ferries waxay ka hawlgashaa sideed waddo oo ku baahsan Badda Dhexe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=International ferries|url=http://www.travellerspoint.com/guide/International_ferries/|publisher=Travellers' Point|accessdate=13 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[Oran]] - [[Alicante]]
*[[Oran]] - [[Marseille]]
*[[Algiers]] - [[Alicante]]
*[[Algiers]] - [[Barcelona]]
*[[Algiers]] - [[Marseille]]
*[[Béjaïa]] - [[Marseille]]
*[[Skikda]] - [[Marseille]]
*[[Annaba]] - [[Marseille]]

==Maraakiibta==
Algérie Ferries waxay maamushaa shan maraakiib oo rakaab ah / baabuur ah:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Micke Asklander|accessdate=10 September 2011|title=Fakta om fartyg - Algérie Ferries|url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/algerie_ferries.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Markabka
!Calanka
!Adeegga uu galay
!Markabka uu galay
!Dhererka (m)
!Ballaca (m)
!Tonnage
!Rakaabka
!Xawaaraha adeegga
!Qoraalo
|-
|Tariq Ibn Ziyad
|{{Flag|Aljeeriya}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1995
|153,3
|25,2
|{{GT|21,659}}
|1,276
|21 guntin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tariq Ibn Ziyad - Algerie Ferries|url=https://algerieferries.dz/tariq-ibn-ziyad|access-date=2021-08-29|website=algerieferries.dz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Tassili II
|{{Flag|Aljeeriya}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |2004
|146,6
|24
|{{GT|20,124}}
|1,320
|23.5 guntin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TASSILI II (Passenger Ship) Registered in Algeria|url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:744379/mmsi:605046150/imo:9265419/vessel:TASSILI_II|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-29|website=www.marinetraffic.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829200532/https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:744379/mmsi:605046150/imo:9265419/vessel:TASSILI_II |archive-date=2021-08-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|El Djazair II
|{{Flag|Aljeeriya}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |2005
|146,6
|24
|{{GT| 20,124}}
|1,320
|23.5 guntin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=El Djazair II - Algerie Ferries|url=https://algerieferries.dz/index.php/el-djazair-ii|access-date=2021-08-29|website=algerieferries.dz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Badji-Mokhtar III
|{{Flag|Aljeeriya}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|200
|30
|{{GT|49,785}}
|1,800
|24 guntin
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BADJI MOKHTAR III, Passenger/Ro-Ro Cargo Ship|url=https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/BADJI-MOKHTAR-III-IMO-9827889-MMSI-605016420|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-29|website=www.vesselfinder.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829205320/https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/BADJI-MOKHTAR-III-IMO-9827889-MMSI-605016420 |archive-date=2021-08-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==Fadeexad==
2 Juun 2022, maamulaha guud Kamel Issad ayaa laga eryay xilkiisa sababtoo ah &quot;dabeecaddiisa oo wiiqday sumcadda Aljeeriya kana soo horjeeday danaha muwaadiniinta&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aps.dz/algerie/140608-fins-de-fonctions-pour-le-pdg-de-l-entmv-et-de-son-chef-d-escale-a-alger Fins de fonctions pour le PDG de l'ENTMV et de son Chef d'escale à Alger], site aps.dz, 2 juin 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

19 Janaayo 2023, Kamel Issad ayaa lagu xukumay lix sano oo xarig ah maamul xumo iyo dayactir la'aan maraakiibta shirkadda.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aps.dz/algerie/150416-justice-l-ex-pdg-de-l-entmv-condamne-a-6-ans-de-prison-ferme Justice: l'ex PDG de l'ENTMV condamné à 6 ans de prison ferme], site aps.dz, 19 janvier 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la xiray dhowr maalmood ka dib markii la eryay Juun 2022 eedeymo la xiriira &quot;musuqmaasuq lacagaha dadweynaha, xadgudub awoodeed, iyo taajirnimo sharci darro ah.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-20|language=fr-FR|title=Six ans de prison ferme pour l’ancien PDG d’Algérie Ferries – Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1410759/politique/six-ans-de-prison-ferme-pour-lancien-pdg-dalgerie-ferries/|website=JeuneAfrique.com}}&lt;!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Agaasimayaal kale oo hore ayaa sidoo kale lagu xukumay kiiskan. Agaasimihii hore ee ganacsiga Karim Bouzenad wuxuu helay xukun shan sano oo xarig ah. Hamouche Aghiles iyo Oufar Malika, oo labaduba baxsad ah, ayaa midkiiba lagu xukumay toban sano oo xarig ah waxaana lagu soo rogay waaran caalami ah oo lagu soo qabanayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title=Algérie Ferries : Les traversées Oran- Alicante suspendues - Journal communautaire algérien |url=https://www.djaliadz.com/algerie-ferries-les-traversees-oran/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

28 Maajo 2023, Maxkamadda Algiers waxay xaqiijisay xukunnadii lagu riday xukunka koowaad ee kiiska ENTMV. Kamel Issad waxaa lagu xukumay lix sano oo xarig ah, Karim Bouzenad, agaasimihii hore ee ganacsiga, shan sano oo xarig ah, iyo Fatma Laimchi, oo mas'uul ka ah nidaamyada macluumaadka, hal sano oo xarig ah oo ganaax leh. Eedeymaha waxaa ka mid ahaa musuqmaasuq lacagaha dadweynaha, xadgudub awoodeed, iyo taajirnimo sharci darro ah. Kamel Eddalia iyo Cherifi Ikbal ayaa la siidaayay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|language=fr|title=Affaire ENTMV: les peines prononcées en première instance confirmées|url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/156256-affaire-entmv-la-cour-d-alger-confirme-les-peines-de-premiere-instance-a-l-encontre-des-accuses|website=Algérie Presse Service}}&lt;!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

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    <title>Tareennada iyo Dekedaha Kenya iyo Uganda</title>
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| name = Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours
| logo =
| type = [[Shirkad ay leedahay dowladda]]
| predecessor = [[Uganda Railway]]
| successor = [[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation]]
| founded = {{Start date|1926}}
| defunct = {{End date|1948}}
| fate = Waxaa lagu biiriyay [[Tanganyika Railway]]
}}

'''Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours''' (KURH) waxay ahayd hay'ad gumeysi (1926–1948) maamusha dekedaha, wadooyinka tareenka, dekedaha sida (Mombasa port iyo port bell), harooyinka iyo kivukada webiyada ee [[Kenya Colony]] iyo [[Uganda Protectorate]] laga bilaabo 26 Febraayo 1926 ilaa 1 Maajo 1948.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://krc.co.ke/history/ |title=History |author= |work=Kenya Railways |access-date=2022-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mombasa]] waxay ahayd dekedda ugu weyn ee biyo-qotada dheer ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]] halkaas oo dhismihii asalka ahaa ee [[Uganda Railway]] uu ka bilaabmay 1896. Tareenku wuxuu ku xiray gudaha dalka iyo badda furan ee dekedda Kilindini ee Mombasa. Waxaana ku jiray [[Uganda Railway]], kaas oo laga kordhiyay [[Nakuru]] ilaa [[Kampala]] 1931. Isla sannadkaas waxay dhistay khad laan ah oo u socda [[Mount Kenya]]. Waxaa markii hore loo dhisay si loo sugo danaha Ingiriiska ee dooxada Niil loona abuuro marin loo helo Uganda, oo ah dal aan bad lahayn oo qani ku ah kheyraadka iyo macdanta. Shabakadda tareenku waxay la jaanqaaday adeegyada maraakiibta gudaha ee [[Lake Victoria]], [[Lake Kyoga]], iyo [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]], iyadoo la adeegsanayo dhowr dekedood oo gudaha ah. Kivukada la burburiyay ayaa tareen looga qaaday dhinaca harada si dib loogu soo ururiyo. Uganda waxay lahayd dekedo qaar ka mid ah oo u adeegayay meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhismaha shabakadda tareenada sida Kisumu Port oo hore loogu yaqaanay Port Florence, khadka tareenka ee ugu weyn wuxuu gaaray dekedda 1901. Halkaan ayay adeegyada kivukada kaga xirmaan dekedaha kale ee ku wareegsan harada. Dekedaha kale waa [[Port Bell]], Jinja Pier, Butaiba Port iyo Namasagali Port. Waxaa inta badan loogu yeeri jiray &quot;Lunatic Express&quot;. Tani waxay ahayd sababtoo ah kharashkeeda badan iyo dhulka adag, oo ay ku lug lahayd keenista in ka badan 30,000 oo qulatooyin ah oo ka yimid Hindiya Ingiriiska, libaaxyo dad-cune ah oo ku sugan Tsavo ee Tansaaniya.

Ka dib 1930, markab uumiga oo cusub oo KURH ah, 860 tan {{SS|Robert Coryndon}}, wuxuu aasaasay adeeg rakaab iyo xamuul oo labadii toddobaadba mar u dhexeeya [[Butiaba]] oo ku taal [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Lake Albert]] iyo [[Kasenyi, Kasese|Kasenyi]] oo ku taal [[Lake George (Uganda)|Lake George]]. Sir [[Winston Churchill]] wuxuu yiri iyadu waxay ahayd ''&quot;maktabadda ugu fiican ee dul sabaynaysa&quot;'' iyo [[Ernest Hemingway]] wuxuu ugu yeeray ''&quot;sharaf biyaha dushooda&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Insomniac&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ugandaninsomniac.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/behold-a-dream-unfulfilled/#more-2914 |title=Behold, a Dream Unfulfilled |author= |date=2009-03-25 |work=Ugandan Insomniac; Want to sleep, can't sleep |publisher=[[WordPress]] |access-date=2011-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1946 350-tan [[Paddle steamer#Types of paddle steamer|stern-wheel paddle steamer]] {{PS|Lugard II}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Clyde&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |last2=Allan |first2=Bruce |title=PS Lugard II |work=Clyde-built Database |publisher= |date= |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=6039 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717052621/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=6039 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2012-07-17 |access-date= 2011-05-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ayaa beddelay kii hore ee Uganda Railway steamer {{PS|Lugard}} ee adeegga webiga [[Albert Nile]] ee u dhexeeya [[Pakwach]] ee Uganda iyo [[Nimule]] ee Suudaan.

Sannadkii 1948 waxaa la sameeyay [[East African High Commission]] iyo KURH waxaa lagu biiriyay wadooyinka tareenka ee [[Tanganyika Territory]]. [[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation]] ee cusub waxay bixisay adeegyada tareenka, dekedda iyo maraakiibta gudaha ee dhammaan saddexda dhul ilaa iyo inta laga kala dirayay xiriirkii sare ee bedelka, [[East African Community]], oo ay kala direen dalalkii xubnaha ka ahaa 1977.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|Kenya &amp; Uganda Railways|Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours}}
* {{citation |url=http://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/through-desert-jungle.html |chapter=Through desert and jungle |title=Railway Wonders of the World |year=1936 |pages=193–199 |editor-first=Clarence |editor-last=Winchester }} sharaxaad sawiran oo ku saabsan wadooyinka tareenka ee Kenya iyo Uganda

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    <title>Shirkadda Tareennada iyo Dekedaha Bariga Afrika</title>
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      <text bytes="7899" sha1="ptml0udhhep4cycv2ugsz49l4ohqnc4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name = East African Railways and Harbours Corporation
| logo =
| type = [[Shirkad ay leedahay dowladda]]
| predecessor = {{Unbulleted list | [[Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours]] | [[Tanganyika Railway]]}}
| successor = {{Unbulleted list | [[Kenya Railways Corporation]] | [[Uganda Railways Corporation]] | [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]]}}
| founded = {{Start date|1948}}
| defunct = {{End date|1977}}
| fate = Waxaa loo qaybiyay shirkado qaran}}
[[File:5907-Mount-Kinangop.jpg|thumb|[[EAR 59 class|59 class]] Garratt locomotive 5907 ''Mount Kinangop'' oo jooga [[Kibwezi]] ee Kenya]]

'''East African Railways and Harbours Corporation''' ('''EAR&amp;H''') waa shirkad burburtay oo ka hawlgeli jirtay tareenada iyo dekedaha Bariga Afrika laga bilaabo 1948 ilaa 1977. Waxaa la sameeyay 1948 loogu talagalay [[East African High Commission]] cusub iyadoo lagu midoobay [[Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours]] iyo [[Tanganyika Railway]] ee [[Tanganyika Territory]]. Sidoo kale maamulka tareenada iyo dekedaha ee saddexda dhul waxay maamuleen adeegyada maraakiibta gudaha ee [[Lake Victoria#Transport|Lake Victoria]], [[Lake Kyoga]], [[Lake Albert (Africa)#History|Lake Albert]], [[Victoria Nile]] iyo [[Albert Nile]].

==Tareenada==
[[File:Engine unit of East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EAR&amp;HC) 58 class Garratt locomotive no 5804.png|thumb|EAR&amp;H Garratt 58 Class no. 5804]]
[[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|Malayan Railway]] waxay ka iibisay EAR&amp;H sideed [[Metre gauge railway|metre gauge]] [[USATC S118 Class]] [[steam locomotive|tareenka uumiga]] 1948, iyo sideed kale 1949.&lt;ref name=Tourret&gt;{{cite book |last=Tourret |first=R |isbn=0-905878-00-0 |year=1976 |title=War Department Locomotives |place=Abingdon |publisher=Tourret Publishing |page=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; EAR&amp;H waxay u beddeshay [[Oil burner (engine)|gubayaasha shidaalka]] waxayna u kala tirsatay 2701–2716, taasoo ka dhigtay fasalka 27&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt; waxayna u qoondeysay [[Tabora]] Depot qaybta Tanganyika.&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt; Waxay galeen adeeg 1949 iyo 1950, iyagoo ka shaqeynayay khadadka [[Mwanza]], [[Kigoma]] iyo [[Mpanda]] halkaas oo culayska fudud ee faashashka uu ahaa faa'iido iyo [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]]-kooda sare ayaa u suurtageliyay inay ku dhex ordaan fatahaadaha xilliyeed ee laamaha Kigoma iyo Mpanda.&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt; EAR&amp;H waxay dhistay S118 kale oo ka yimid qaybo firaaqo ah 1953 waxayna u tirsatay 2717. EAR&amp;H waxay ka saartay adeegga ilaa 1965, waxaana loo raray [[Dar es Salaam]] si loo burburiyo 1966.&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt;

1955 iyo 1956, EAR&amp;H waxay soo bandhigtay tareeno uumi ah oo cusub oo aad u awood badan oo loogu talagalay shabakadeeda Kenya iyo Uganda: [[EAR 59 class|59 class]] [[Garratt locomotive|tareenka Garratt]]. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen tiirarka taraafikada ugu culus ee qaybta u dhexeeya Mombasa iyo Nairobi ilaa ay ka bilaabeen in laga saaro adeegga inta u dhexeysay 1973 iyo 1980.

EAR&amp;H waxay kordhisay [[Uganda Railway]] laga bilaabo [[Kampala]] ilaa miinooyinka naxaasta ee [[Kasese]] 1956. 1962, waxay dhamaystirtay tareenka waqooyiga Uganda laga bilaabo [[Soroti]] ilaa [[Pakwach]] iyo halkaas ilaa Arua 1964, sidaasna waxay kaga badashay adeeggii [[Victoria Nile]] steamer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FY30468L |title=Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Mombasa and East African Steamers, Y30468L |work=Janus |publisher=Cambridge University Library }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kivukada caalamiga ah==
Kivukada la soo jeediyay oo ka yimid East Africa Harbour (E.A.H):

* [[Lagos]]
* [[Cairo]]
* [[Canada]] (Int. Oveaseas)

==Kivukada gudaha==
[[File:MV Victoria.jpg|thumb|[[MV Victoria (1959)|MV ''Victoria'']] oo ku sugan Bukoba, Tansaaniya]]
1961, EAR&amp;H waxay soo bandhigtay [[Lake Victoria ferries#Ferries History|Lake Victoria ferry]] cusub [[MV Victoria (1959)|RMS ''Victoria'']].&lt;ref name=Clyde&gt;{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |last2=Strathdee |first2=Paul |title=Victoria |work=[[Clyde-built Database]] |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1580 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219162201/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1580 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 December 2011 |access-date= 22 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markabkan degdega ah ayaa labanlaabay xawaarihii adeegga wareegga ee ku wareegsan harada, taasoo u oggolaanaysa EAR&amp;H inay kordhiso safarrada laga bilaabo hal ilaa laba jeer todobaadkii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways &amp; Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEyq-iw1WQAC&amp;q=%22RMS+Victoria%22+%22Kenya+Gazette%22&amp;pg=PA857 |newspaper=[[Kenya Gazette]] |volume=LXIII |date=1 July 1961|access-date=18 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] waxay u magacawday [[Royal Mail Ship]], taasoo ka dhigtay markabka kaliya ee EAR&amp;H ee helay kala soociddan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm |title=Marine Services |last=McCrow |first=Malcolm |work=East African Railways and Harbours |publisher=Malcolm McCrow |access-date=17 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1965 iyo 1966, EAR&amp;H waxay soo bandhigtay adeeg [[train ferry]] oo ka gudba harada Victoria oo wata {{MV|Umoja}} iyo {{MV|Uhuru}}.&lt;ref name=Clyde-Umoja&gt;{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Umoja |work= Clyde-built Database |year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 23 September 2006 |access-date= 17 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Clyde-Uhuru&gt;{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Uhuru |work= Clyde-built Database|year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 23 September 2006 |access-date= 17 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1967, EAR&amp;H waxay horumarin ku samaysay dekedda [[Kisumu]] oo ku taal xeebta Kenya ee harada Victoria iyada oo [[scuttling]] ku samaysay kivukada aan la isticmaalin ee {{SS|Winifred}} si ay u samayso [[breakwater (structure)|breakwater]].

== Kala diridda ==
1977, bedelka High Commission, [[East African Community]], waa la kala diray iyo shabakadda tareenka ee EAR&amp;H waxaa loo qaybiyay saddex tareen oo qaran: [[Kenya Railways Corporation]], [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]] iyo [[Uganda Railways Corporation]].

== Dhaqanka ==
Fannaanka u dhashay Kenya [[Roger Whittaker]] wuxuu qoray oo duubay heesta ''The Good Old EAR&amp;H'' qiyaastii 1982, ka dib booqasho ku celis ah oo uu ku tagay Kenya.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Central Line (Tanzania)]]
*[[Rift Valley Railways Consortium]]
*[[Uganda Railway]]
*[[East African Railway Master Plan]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Akhrin dheeraad ah==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Patience-SteamEA}}
*{{Patience-SteamTwilight}}
*{{Ramaer-SteamLocosEAR}}
*{{Ramaer-Gari la Moshi}}
*{{Robinson-WorldRailAtlas-7}}
*{{cite magazine|title=British diesels on safari|first=Chris|last=West|magazine=The Railway Magazine|pages=41–44|issue=1345|volume=159|date=May 2013|location=Horncastle|publisher=Mortons Media Group|issn=0033-8923|oclc=750645684}}
{{Refend}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|East African Railways}}
*[http://www.mccrow.org.uk/EastAfrica/EastAfricanRailways/indexEAR.htm Malcolm McCrow's EAR web site]
*[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/eaf~ear.html Calanka EAR&amp;HC]
*[http://www.energeticproductions.com/EARandH/index.htm Archive of East African Railways and Harbours staff magazines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920054459/http://energeticproductions.com/EARandH/index.htm |date=20 September 2019 }}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>299172</id>
      <parentid>299145</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T07:01:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>28368</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="7991" sha1="m5m2dde1k9gz052fr8zupy0ffg5wrdo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name = East African Railways and Harbours Corporation
| logo =
| type = [[Shirkad ay leedahay dowladda]]
| predecessor = {{Unbulleted list | [[Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours]] | [[Tanganyika Railway]]}}
| successor = {{Unbulleted list | [[Kenya Railways Corporation]] | [[Uganda Railways Corporation]] | [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]]}}
| founded = {{Start date|1948}}
| defunct = {{End date|1977}}
| fate = Waxaa loo qaybiyay shirkado qaran}}
[[File:5907-Mount-Kinangop.jpg|thumb|[[EAR 59 class|59 class]] Garratt locomotive 5907 ''Mount Kinangop'' oo jooga [[Kibwezi]] ee Kenya]]

'''East African Railways and Harbours Corporation''' ('''EAR&amp;H''') waa shirkad burburtay oo ka hawlgeli jirtay tareenada iyo dekedaha Bariga Afrika laga bilaabo 1948 ilaa 1977. Waxaa la sameeyay 1948 loogu talagalay [[East African High Commission]] cusub iyadoo lagu midoobay [[Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours]] iyo [[Tanganyika Railway]] ee [[Tanganyika Territory]]. Sidoo kale maamulka tareenada iyo dekedaha ee saddexda dhul waxay maamuleen adeegyada maraakiibta gudaha ee [[Lake Victoria#Transport|Lake Victoria]], [[Lake Kyoga]], [[Lake Albert (Africa)#History|Lake Albert]], [[Victoria Nile]] iyo [[Albert Nile]].

==Tareenada==
[[File:Engine unit of East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EAR&amp;HC) 58 class Garratt locomotive no 5804.png|thumb|EAR&amp;H Garratt 58 Class no. 5804]]
[[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|Malayan Railway]] waxay ka iibisay EAR&amp;H sideed [[Metre gauge railway|metre gauge]] [[USATC S118 Class]] [[steam locomotive|tareenka uumiga]] 1948, iyo sideed kale 1949.&lt;ref name=Tourret&gt;{{cite book |last=Tourret |first=R |isbn=0-905878-00-0 |year=1976 |title=War Department Locomotives |place=Abingdon |publisher=Tourret Publishing |page=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; EAR&amp;H waxay u beddeshay [[Oil burner (engine)|gubayaasha shidaalka]] waxayna u kala tirsatay 2701–2716, taasoo ka dhigtay fasalka 27&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt; waxayna u qoondeysay [[Tabora]] Depot qaybta Tanganyika.&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt; Waxay galeen adeeg 1949 iyo 1950, iyagoo ka shaqeynayay khadadka [[Mwanza]], [[Kigoma]] iyo [[Mpanda]] halkaas oo culayska fudud ee faashashka uu ahaa faa'iido iyo [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]]-kooda sare ayaa u suurtageliyay inay ku dhex ordaan fatahaadaha xilliyeed ee laamaha Kigoma iyo Mpanda.&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt; EAR&amp;H waxay dhistay S118 kale oo ka yimid qaybo firaaqo ah 1953 waxayna u tirsatay 2717. EAR&amp;H waxay ka saartay adeegga ilaa 1965, waxaana loo raray [[Dar es Salaam]] si loo burburiyo 1966.&lt;ref name=Tourret/&gt;

1955 iyo 1956, EAR&amp;H waxay soo bandhigtay tareeno uumi ah oo cusub oo aad u awood badan oo loogu talagalay shabakadeeda Kenya iyo Uganda: [[EAR 59 class|59 class]] [[Garratt locomotive|tareenka Garratt]]. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen tiirarka taraafikada ugu culus ee qaybta u dhexeeya Mombasa iyo Nairobi ilaa ay ka bilaabeen in laga saaro adeegga inta u dhexeysay 1973 iyo 1980.

EAR&amp;H waxay kordhisay [[Uganda Railway]] laga bilaabo [[Kampala]] ilaa miinooyinka naxaasta ee [[Kasese]] 1956. 1962, waxay dhamaystirtay tareenka waqooyiga Uganda laga bilaabo [[Soroti]] ilaa [[Pakwach]] iyo halkaas ilaa Arua 1964, sidaasna waxay kaga badashay adeeggii [[Victoria Nile]] steamer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FY30468L |title=Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Mombasa and East African Steamers, Y30468L |work=Janus |publisher=Cambridge University Library }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kivukada caalamiga ah==
Kivukada la soo jeediyay oo ka yimid East Africa Harbour (E.A.H):

* [[Lagos]]
* [[Cairo]]
* [[Canada]] (Int. Oveaseas)

==Kivukada gudaha==
[[File:MV Victoria.jpg|thumb|[[MV Victoria (1959)|MV ''Victoria'']] oo ku sugan Bukoba, Tansaaniya]]
1961, EAR&amp;H waxay soo bandhigtay [[Lake Victoria ferries#Ferries History|Lake Victoria ferry]] cusub [[MV Victoria (1959)|RMS ''Victoria'']].&lt;ref name=Clyde&gt;{{cite web |last1= Cameron |first1= Stuart |last2=Strathdee |first2=Paul |title=Victoria |work=[[Clyde-built Database]] |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1580 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219162201/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1580 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 December 2011 |access-date= 22 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markabkan degdega ah ayaa labanlaabay xawaarihii adeegga wareegga ee ku wareegsan harada, taasoo u oggolaanaysa EAR&amp;H inay kordhiso safarrada laga bilaabo hal ilaa laba jeer todobaadkii.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways &amp; Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEyq-iw1WQAC&amp;q=%22RMS+Victoria%22+%22Kenya+Gazette%22&amp;pg=PA857 |newspaper=[[Kenya Gazette]] |volume=LXIII |date=1 July 1961|access-date=18 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] waxay u magacawday [[Royal Mail Ship]], taasoo ka dhigtay markabka kaliya ee EAR&amp;H ee helay kala soociddan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm |title=Marine Services |last=McCrow |first=Malcolm |work=East African Railways and Harbours |publisher=Malcolm McCrow |access-date=17 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1965 iyo 1966, EAR&amp;H waxay soo bandhigtay adeeg [[train ferry]] oo ka gudba harada Victoria oo wata {{MV|Umoja}} iyo {{MV|Uhuru}}.&lt;ref name=Clyde-Umoja&gt;{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Umoja |work= Clyde-built Database |year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 23 September 2006 |access-date= 17 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Clyde-Uhuru&gt;{{cite web |last= Cameron |first= Stuart |title= Uhuru |work= Clyde-built Database|year= 2004 |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060923230447/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=1588 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 23 September 2006 |access-date= 17 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1967, EAR&amp;H waxay horumarin ku samaysay dekedda [[Kisumu]] oo ku taal xeebta Kenya ee harada Victoria iyada oo [[scuttling]] ku samaysay kivukada aan la isticmaalin ee {{SS|Winifred}} si ay u samayso [[breakwater (structure)|breakwater]].

== Kala diridda ==
1977, bedelka High Commission, [[East African Community]], waa la kala diray iyo shabakadda tareenka ee EAR&amp;H waxaa loo qaybiyay saddex tareen oo qaran: [[Kenya Railways Corporation]], [[Tanzania Railways Corporation]] iyo [[Uganda Railways Corporation]].

== Dhaqanka ==
Fannaanka u dhashay Kenya [[Roger Whittaker]] wuxuu qoray oo duubay heesta ''The Good Old EAR&amp;H'' qiyaastii 1982, ka dib booqasho ku celis ah oo uu ku tagay Kenya.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Central Line (Tanzania)]]
*[[Rift Valley Railways Consortium]]
*[[Uganda Railway]]
*[[East African Railway Master Plan]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Akhrin dheeraad ah==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Patience-SteamEA}}
*{{Patience-SteamTwilight}}
*{{Ramaer-SteamLocosEAR}}
*{{Ramaer-Gari la Moshi}}
*{{Robinson-WorldRailAtlas-7}}
*{{cite magazine|title=British diesels on safari|first=Chris|last=West|magazine=The Railway Magazine|pages=41–44|issue=1345|volume=159|date=May 2013|location=Horncastle|publisher=Mortons Media Group|issn=0033-8923|oclc=750645684}}
{{Refend}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|East African Railways}}
*[http://www.mccrow.org.uk/EastAfrica/EastAfricanRailways/indexEAR.htm Malcolm McCrow's EAR web site]
*[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/eaf~ear.html Calanka EAR&amp;HC]
*[http://www.energeticproductions.com/EARandH/index.htm Archive of East African Railways and Harbours staff magazines] {{Wayback|url=http://www.energeticproductions.com/EARandH/index.htm |date=20190920054459 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920054459/http://energeticproductions.com/EARandH/index.htm |date=20 September 2019 }}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quebra Canela</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47746</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299147</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T06:16:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299147</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2215" sha1="dbil1d9yywt2v8v7u5dka9xe8917ay3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Achadinha 
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = pt
| settlement_type         = Xaafad
| image_skyline           = File:V SDC10122.jpg
| image_size               = 
| image_caption           = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| mottoeng                =
| image_map               = 
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|14.9041|-23.5171|display=it}}
| population_total        = 19
| population_as_of        = 2010
| subdivision_type        = Waddan
| subdivision_name        = [[Cape Verde]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Administrative divisions of Cape Verde|Jasiiradda]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Jasiiradda Santiago]]
| subdivision_type2       = Magaalada
| subdivision_name2       = [[Praia]]
| subdivision_type3       = 
| subdivision_name3       = 
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = [http://www.cmpraia.cv www.cmpraia.cv]
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Quebra Canela''' waa qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Praia]] ee jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]], [[Cape Verde]]. Tirada dadkeedu waxay ahayd 19 qof tirakoobkii 2010.&lt;ref name=census10&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santiago-2/|title=2010 Census results Santiago|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee xarunta magaalada. Xaafadaha ku dhow dhow waa [[Palmarejo, Cape Verde|Palmarejo]] oo dhinaca galbeed ah, [[Achada Santo António]] oo dhinaca waqooyi ah iyo [[Prainha, Praia|Prainha]] oo dhinaca bari ah. Waxay leedahay xeeb caan ah.

[[File:Quebra-canela Cape Verde.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaalka xeebta Quebra-Canela oo ay la socoto Prainha iyo Ponta Temerosa]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Praia}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:ISO 3166/data/CV</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>47747</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299148</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T06:17:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: return {   lang = &quot;pt&quot;, -- Geographical regions   [&quot;B&quot;] = {name=&quot;Barlavento Islands&quot;,isoname=&quot;Ilhas de Barlavento&quot;},   [&quot;S&quot;] = {name=&quot;Sotavento Islands&quot;,isoname=&quot;Ilhas de Sotavento&quot;}, -- Municipalities   [&quot;BR&quot;] = {name=&quot;Brava&quot;},   [&quot;BV&quot;] = {name=&quot;Boa Vista&quot;},   [&quot;CA&quot;] = {name=&quot;Santa Catarina&quot;},   [&quot;CF&quot;] = {name=&quot;Santa Catarina do Fogo&quot;},   [&quot;CR&quot;] = {name=&quot;Santa Cruz&quot;},   [&quot;MA&quot;] = {name=&quot;Maio&quot;},   [&quot;MO&quot;] = {name=&quot;Mosteiros&quot;},   [&quot;PA&quot;] = {name=&quot;Paul&quot;},   [&quot;PN&quot;] = {name=&quot;Porto Novo&quot;...</comment>
      <origin>299148</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="962" sha1="11gyxpr7vi7lad0n8y752jojri47cat" xml:space="preserve">return {
  lang = &quot;pt&quot;,
-- Geographical regions
  [&quot;B&quot;] = {name=&quot;Barlavento Islands&quot;,isoname=&quot;Ilhas de Barlavento&quot;},
  [&quot;S&quot;] = {name=&quot;Sotavento Islands&quot;,isoname=&quot;Ilhas de Sotavento&quot;},
-- Municipalities
  [&quot;BR&quot;] = {name=&quot;Brava&quot;},
  [&quot;BV&quot;] = {name=&quot;Boa Vista&quot;},
  [&quot;CA&quot;] = {name=&quot;Santa Catarina&quot;},
  [&quot;CF&quot;] = {name=&quot;Santa Catarina do Fogo&quot;},
  [&quot;CR&quot;] = {name=&quot;Santa Cruz&quot;},
  [&quot;MA&quot;] = {name=&quot;Maio&quot;},
  [&quot;MO&quot;] = {name=&quot;Mosteiros&quot;},
  [&quot;PA&quot;] = {name=&quot;Paul&quot;},
  [&quot;PN&quot;] = {name=&quot;Porto Novo&quot;},
  [&quot;PR&quot;] = {name=&quot;Praia&quot;},
  [&quot;RB&quot;] = {name=&quot;Ribeira Brava&quot;},
  [&quot;RG&quot;] = {name=&quot;Ribeira Grande&quot;},
  [&quot;RS&quot;] = {name=&quot;Ribeira Grande de Santiago&quot;},
  [&quot;SD&quot;] = {name=&quot;São Domingos&quot;},
  [&quot;SF&quot;] = {name=&quot;São Filipe&quot;},
  [&quot;SL&quot;] = {name=&quot;Sal&quot;},
  [&quot;SM&quot;] = {name=&quot;São Miguel&quot;},
  [&quot;SO&quot;] = {name=&quot;São Lourenço dos Órgãos&quot;},
  [&quot;SS&quot;] = {name=&quot;São Salvador do Mundo&quot;},
  [&quot;SV&quot;] = {name=&quot;São Vicente&quot;},
  [&quot;TA&quot;] = {name=&quot;Tarrafal&quot;},
  [&quot;TS&quot;] = {name=&quot;Tarrafal de São Nicolau&quot;}
}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Kipawo</title>
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      <text bytes="6336" sha1="3jgo89ac17khekcfkxl8nwog13by3hl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=File:Kipawo BD 8 1941-46.jpg
 |image_size=
 |image_caption= MV ''Kipawo'', oo markaas loo yaqaanay ''BD 8'', intii lagu jiray adeegga Ciidanka Badda ee Canada ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=Canada
 |flag= {{shipboxflag|Canada|1868}}
 |name= ''Kipawo''
 |ordered=
 |builder=[[Saint John Shipbuilding|St. John Drydock &amp; Shipbuilding Co.]]
 |laid_down=
 |launched= 5 Diseembar, 1924
 |owner=[[Dominion Atlantic Railway]]
 |acquired=
 |commissioned=
 |decommissioned=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |renamed=
 |fate= 
 |status=Si joogto ah u deggan [[Parrsboro, Nova Scotia]]
 |notes=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class= 
 |type= 
 |tonnage={{GRT|200}}
 |displacement=
 |length={{convert|123|ft|abbr=on}}
 |beam={{convert|26|ft|abbr=on}}
 |height=
 |draft=
 |depth={{convert|9|ft|abbr=on}}
 |hold_depth=
 |decks=
 |deck_clearance=
 |power=
 |propulsion=[[Fairbanks-Morse]] mishiinka saliidda
 |sail_plan=
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Kipawo''''' waa [[kivuko]] taariikhi ah oo [[Canada|Canadian]] ah oo loogu talagalay rakaabka iyo xamuulka, kaas oo loo dhisay inuu ka shaqeeyo [[Bay of Fundy]] ka dibna ka adeegay [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], waxaana uu dhiirigeliyay abuurista shirkad masrax. Waxa uu ahaa kivukadii 33-aad iyo tii ugu dambaysay ee adeegga ka bixisa [[Minas Basin#Geography|Minas Passage]], adeeggaas oo la bixinayay tan iyo xilligii [[Acadia]]n.&lt;ref name=UPI/&gt;

==Dhismaha==
''Kipawo'' waxaa la bilaabay 5 Diseembar, 1924, waxaana dhistay [[Saint John Shipbuilding|St. John Drydock &amp; Shipbuilding Co.]], waana markabkii ugu horreeyay ee ay abid dhisto deyrkaas.&lt;ref&gt;Shipbuildinghistory.com, [http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/canada/saintjohn.htm &quot;Saint John Shipbuilding, East Saint John NB&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204075458/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/canada/saintjohn.htm |date=2013-12-04 }}, Accessed March 10, 2010&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kipawo'' waxaa loo dalbaday [[Dominion Atlantic Railway]] waxaana loo dhiibay adeegga tareenka 1 Abriil, 1926. Magaca markabka waa [[portmanteau]] ka kooban labada xaraf ee hore ee saddex dekedood oo kala duwan oo ku yaal [[Minas Basin]]: [[Kingsport, Nova Scotia|Kingsport]], [[Parrsboro, Nova Scotia|Parrsboro]] iyo [[Wolfville, Nova Scotia|Wolfville]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Adeegga Bay of Fundy==
''Kipawo'' wuxuu bixiyay adeegga rakaabka iyo xamuulka laga bilaabo gu'gii ilaa dayrtii oo ka gudbaya [[Minas Basin]]. Safarradiisa waxaa loo qorsheeyay inay ku xirmaan tareenada rakaabka ee Dominion Atlantic ee Wolfville iyo Kingsport marka ay hirarku ogolaadaan. Kivukadu wuxuu isticmaalay nidaam guntin ah oo hal-abuurnimo leh si uu u raro baabuurta.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Adeegga Newfoundland==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}
Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] ''Kipawo'' waxaa la wareegay [[Royal Canadian Navy]] wuxuuna adeeg ka arkay [[Conception Bay (Canada)|Conception Bay]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] isagoo ah mid ka mid ah [[anti-submarine net]]s ka baxsan dekedaha rarida birta ee [[Bell Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)|Bell Island]].

Intii lagu jiray sannadihii dagaalka ka dambeeyay ilaa hawlgabnimadii 1977, ''Kipawo'' wuxuu adeeg ka arkay isagoo ah kivuko yar oo rakaabka iyo baabuurta ka qaada Bell Island ilaa [[Portugal Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador|Portugal Cove]], isagoo soo afjaray 51 sano oo adeeg ah, qiyaastii 45 ka mid ahna kivuko ahaan, waana kan labaad ee ugu dheer adeegga joogtada ah ee kivuko ahaan dalka Canada (SS ''Prince Edward Island'' oo shaqaynayay 1915 ilaa 1969).

Ka dib markii uu ka fariistay adeeggii kivukada ee Newfoundland, ''Kipawo'' wuxuu adeeg ka arkay isagoo ah [[tour boat]] gaar loo leeyahay oo ku sugan biyaha ka baxsan [[Terra Nova National Park]] dhowr sano. Intii uu ku sii jeeday [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] maalin maalmaha ka mid ah dabayaaqadii 1970-yadii, wuxuu magan-galyo ka raadiyay [[Bonavista Bay]] duufaan darteed laakiin wuxuu ku dhacay dhul wuxuuna halkaas ku sii jiray isagoo sii xumaanaya dhowr sano.

==Isticmaalka Masraxa==
[[File:KipawoBow 2011.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Sanka markabka ''Kipawo'' oo ku yaal Ship's Company Theatre]]
Markabka waxaa iibsaday 1981 Kipawo Heritage Society ee Wolfville waxaana lagu soo celiyay Minas Basin 1982.&lt;ref name=UPI&gt;{{cite news |last1=Plaskin |first1=Robert |title=The Kipawo, the last of the once-proud wooden ferryboats... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/07/02/The-Kipawo-the-last-of-the-once-proud-wooden-ferryboats/1349394430400/ |accessdate=29 March 2020 |work=UPI Archives |publisher=United Press international |date=2 Jul 1982}} Contrary to the title of this article, the ferry was built of steel.&lt;/ref&gt; Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku soo laabtay Minas Basin, ''Kipawo'' waxaa iibsaday Town of [[Parrsboro, Nova Scotia]] si uu u noqdo madxaf waxaana si ula kac ah loogu soo jiiday meel hirarka ku yaal oo isla markiiba koonfur ka xigta magaalada inta lagu guda jiray in la sugo heshiisyada maalgelinta. Sannadkii 1986 fikirkii madxafka waxaa loo dhaafay si loogu dhiso masrax maxalli ah, [[Ship's Company Theatre]], kaas oo bilaabay inuu isticmaalo ''Kipawo'' si uu u noqdo xarunta waxqabadkooda. Sannadkii 2004, shirkadda masraxa waxay ku ballaarisay xarumahooda hoolka waxqabadka oo la ballaariyay kaas oo si dhismeed ahaan ugu daraya ''Kipawo'' gudaha hoolka dibadda.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Qoraalo==
{{Reflist}}

==Tixraacyo==
* Canadian Pacific's ''Dominion Atlantic Railway'' (Volume 1), Gary Ness, page 5
* Marguerite Woodworth, ''History of the Dominion Atlantic Railway'', page 148
* George Musk, ''Canadian Pacific: Story of the Famous Shipping Line'', 1981, page 260

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928213910/http://www.bellisland.net/history/kipawo.htm Bell Island Net Kipawo Web Page]
* [http://www.shipscompany.com/about/theatre.html Ships Company Theatre web page with pictures of ''Kipawo'', past and present]
* [http://dardpi.ca/wiki/index.php?title=MV_Kipawo DAR-DPI MV ''Kipawo'' web page]

{{coord|45|24|02.5|N|64|19|42.5|W|region:CA-NS_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kipawo}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nkhotakota</title>
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      <text bytes="18130" sha1="b0oicyj009yubp16o2dskjvooc6cwr3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt; 
&lt;!-- Basic info ----------------&gt; |official_name = Nkhotakota
|other_name = 
|native_name =   &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt; 
|nickname = 
|settlement_type = &lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt; 
|motto = 
&lt;!-- images and maps -----------&gt; 
|image_skyline = Nkhotakota, Malawi1.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = Guryo dhaqameed ka samaysan dhoobo iyo caws oo ku yaal xeebta harada Malawi ee Nkhotakota
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|pushpin_mapsize=240
|pushpin_label_position =bottom 
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Malawi
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt; 
|subdivision_type = Waddan 
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} 
|subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Malawi|Gobolka]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Dhexe, Malawi|Gobolka Dhexe]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Degmooyinka Malawi|Degmada]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Nkhotakota]] 
|subdivision_type3 = 
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&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt; 
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&lt;!-- Population -----------------------&gt; 
|population_as_of = Tirakoobka 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|accessdate=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|population_total = 28,350
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|population_blank1_title =Luqadaha
|population_blank1 = [[Chichewa]]
|population_blank2_title =Diimaha 
|population_blank2 = 
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&lt;!-- General information ---------------&gt; 
|timezone = +2
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|coordinates = {{coord|12|55|00|S|34|18|00|E|region:MW|display=inline,title}}
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|elevation_ft = 1548
|blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
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'''Nkhotakota''' (N-kho-tah-kho-tuh) (oo hore loo yaqaanay '''Kota Kota''') (magaca waxaa laga soo qaatay Chichewa oo macnihiisu yahay &quot;Gees Gees&quot;) waa magaalo iyo mid ka mid ah degmooyinka ku yaal [[Gobolka Dhexe, Malawi|Gobolka Dhexe]] ee [[Malawi]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta [[Harada Malawi]] (oo hore loo yaqaanay Harada Nyasa) waana mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee harada Malawi. Laga bilaabo 2018, Nkhotakota waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 28,350. Degmadu waxay lahayd dad gaaraya 301,000.

==Taariikhda==
{{See also|Jumbes of Nkhotakota}}
Nkhotakota waxay asal ahaan ahayd koox tuulooyin ah qarnigii 19-aad kuwaas oo markii dambe u adeegay sidii suuq loogu talagalay ganacsatada addoonta ee Sawaaxili-Carabta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9055985|title=Nkhotakota|accessdate=27 June 2008|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |date=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[David Livingstone]] ayaa ku qanciyay Chief Jumbe inuu joojiyo ka ganacsiga addoonta geed hoostiisa oo ku yaal Nkhotakota qarnigii 19-aad, kaas oo hadda jira oo hoos yimaada hawlgal.&lt;ref name=Murphy197&gt;{{cite book|page=197|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|date=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=1-74059-745-1|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Sanadkii 1905, [[Mary Hall (explorer)|Mary Hall]] ayaa soo martay halkan iyada oo u safraysa inay noqoto haweenaydii ugu horreysay ee u safraysa Cape Town ilaa Qaahira. Waxay ka timid [[Mangochi]].&lt;ref name=women3&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Colin |date=1982 |title=Nyasaland 1905 - 1909: The Journeys of Mary Hall, Olivia Colville and Charlotte Mansfield |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29778467 |journal=The Society of Malawi Journal |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=11–29 |issn=0037-993X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madaxweynaha Malawi [[Hastings Banda]] ayaa khudbado ka jeediyay geed kale oo ku yaal Nkhotakota intii lagu jiray 1960-meeyadii, kani waa mid si qosol leh loogu yaqaanay Geedka Livingstone.&lt;ref name=Murphy197/&gt; Magaaladan waxaa ku dhuftay fatahaadihii 2001, waxayna ahayd aagga ugu daran ee uu saameeyay Gobolka Dhexe ee Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AllAfrica Rain&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200103210071.html|title=More Rains, Renewed Problems|date=21 March 2001|accessdate=1 July 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maanta, Nkhotakota waa magaalada ugu weyn ee Afrikaan ah ee dhaqameed ee Malawi&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;/&gt; waxayna leedahay saameyn xoog leh oo Sawaaxili-Carab ah.&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, p. 159.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafiga==
[[Image:Mwaya Beach, Malawi.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Xeebta Mwaya ee Nkhotakota Bay ee [[Harada Malawi]]]]
Nkhotakota waxay ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1548|ft|m|order=flip}} xeebta Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;/&gt; Waxay ku taal dul-taag dhagax ah oo ka dul-eegaya deked dabiici ah oo ka dul-eegaya Nkhotakota Bay, oo ay samaysay [[sandbar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;/&gt; Intaas waxaa sii dheer, Nkhotakota waa {{convert|200|km|mi|sigfig=2}} ka [[Lilongwe]], caasimadda Malawi, iyo {{convert|378|km|mi}} ka [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]], magaalada ugu weyn Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wild Malawi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wildmalawi.com/distance-table/distance-table/malawi-distance-table.html|title=Malawi distance table|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=Wild Malawi|date=2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908060148/http://www.wildmalawi.com/distance-table/distance-table/malawi-distance-table.html|archivedate=8 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Duur-joogta==
Nkhotakota waa hoyga [[Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve]], halkaas oo, sida uu qabo [[Lonely Planet]], qofku leeyahay fursad wanaagsan oo uu ku arki karo maroodiyaasha.&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, p. 31.&lt;/ref&gt; Kaydka ayaa sidoo kale hoy u ah dhowr nooc oo antiloob ah, buffalo, iyo leopards.&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, p. 166.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhowr wabi oo waaweyn ayaa mara kaydkan, kuwaas oo ah kuwa ugu waaweyn Malawi.&lt;ref name=Murphy197/&gt;

Qiyaastii {{convert|24|km}} koonfurta Nkhotakota waa Chia Lagoon, oo ah bay weyn oo ku xiran Harada Malawi iyada oo loo marayo kanaal cidhiidhi ah, oo ay ka gudubto buundo u dhow waddada weyn ee Nkhotakota.&lt;ref name=Murphy197/&gt;

==Dhaqaalaha==
Loo-shaqeeyaha 'gaar loo leeyahay' ee ugu weyn degmada waa shirkad soo saarta sonkorta &quot;Dwangwa Sugar corporation&quot; (oo hadda hoos timaada Illovo). Dadka deegaanka intooda badan waa beeralayda yaryar ee bariiska, kasaawada iyo galleyda, halka qaar kalena ay yihiin kalluumaysato yaryar, kuwaas oo si joogto ah uga kalluumaysta xeebaha Harada Malawi, Chia Lagoon iyo wabiyo kale oo badan oo ay ku jiraan [[Wabiga Bua|Bua]], Dwangwa, Dwambazi iyo Chilua, iyagoo isticmaalaya shabaag saddex-geesood ah oo ulo, jillaab, iwm.

Nkhotakota waxay sidoo kale hoy u tahay dhoobada labaad ee ugu weyn Malawi, oo loo yaqaan Nkhotakota Pottery, taas oo isku xirta soo saarista dhoobada iyo hoyga xeebta iyo makhaayadda ee Nkhotakota Pottery Lodge. Dhoobadu waa loo-shaqeeyaha labaad ee ugu weyn 'gaar loo leeyahay' ee degmada ee dadka deegaanka waxayna soo jiidataa dalxiisayaasha gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ahba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pottery&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nkhotakota Pottery Lodge |url=https://www.malawitourism.com/places/nkhotakota-pottery-lodge/ |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Meel kale oo caan ah (meel dalxiis) oo ku taal Nkhotakota waa ilaha kulul ee Mawira, oo ah aag dhan 3km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; oo biyo kulul ah oo si joogto ah uga soo burqanaya dhulka tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. Ilaha kulul ee Mawira waxay ku yaalaan aagga dhexe ee degmada, qiyaastii 5&amp;nbsp;km u jirta isgoyska waddada Ntchisi/Kasungu.&lt;ref name=Murphy197/&gt; Jasiiradda Sungu (oo ka samaysan ciid iyo dhagaxyo) waa meel kale oo xiiso leh oo lagu booqdo Nkhotakota dhexe. Jasiiraddan waxay ku taal gudaha Harada Malawi, 1.5&amp;nbsp;km u jirta xeebteeda, iyo qiyaastii 2&amp;nbsp;km u jirta saldhigga Kaliba (dekedda), halkaas oo maraakiibta rakaabka ee ku socdaala Harada Malawi ay ka qaadaan ama ka dajiyaan rakaabka iyo ganacsatada yaryar.

==Cimilada==
{{Weather box
|location = Nkhotakota (1961–1990)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 28.5
|Feb high C = 28.6
|Mar high C = 28.5
|Apr high C = 28.0
|May high C = 26.9
|Jun high C = 25.7
|Jul high C = 25.4
|Aug high C = 26.9
|Sep high C = 29.5
|Oct high C = 31.8
|Nov high C = 31.5
|Dec high C = 29.4
|year high C = 28.4
|Jan mean C = 24.3
|Feb mean C = 24.6
|Mar mean C = 24.9
|Apr mean C = 23.8
|May mean C = 22.1
|Jun mean C = 20.3
|Jul mean C = 20.0
|Aug mean C = 21.1
|Sep mean C = 23.4
|Oct mean C = 25.9
|Nov mean C = 26.3
|Dec mean C = 25.1
|year mean C = 23.5
|Jan low C = 21.1
|Feb low C = 21.4
|Mar low C = 20.9
|Apr low C = 20.1
|May low C = 17.9
|Jun low C = 15.7
|Jul low C = 15.3
|Aug low C = 15.9
|Sep low C = 18.0
|Oct low C = 20.8
|Nov low C = 22.0
|Dec low C = 21.3
|year low C = 19.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 320.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 266.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 407.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 227.7
|May precipitation mm = 33.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 11.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 7.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 2.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 0.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 10.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 79.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 282.0
|year precipitation mm = 1649.3
|Jan humidity = 83
|Feb humidity = 81
|Mar humidity = 81
|Apr humidity = 77
|May humidity = 72
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 65
|Aug humidity = 62
|Sep humidity = 59
|Oct humidity = 58
|Nov humidity = 63
|Dec humidity = 77
|year humidity = 70
|unit precipitation days = 0.3 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 20
|Feb precipitation days = 18
|Mar precipitation days = 20
|Apr precipitation days = 13
|May precipitation days = 4
|Jun precipitation days = 3
|Jul precipitation days = 2
|Aug precipitation days = 1
|Sep precipitation days = 1
|Oct precipitation days = 2
|Nov precipitation days = 7
|Dec precipitation days = 17
|year precipitation days = 108
|Jan sun = 167.4
|Feb sun = 159.6
|Mar sun = 213.9
|Apr sun = 240.0
|May sun = 269.7
|Jun sun = 276.0
|Jul sun = 279.0
|Aug sun = 294.5
|Sep sun = 297.0
|Oct sun = 306.9
|Nov sun = 270.0
|Dec sun = 204.6
|year sun = 2978.6
|Jand sun = 5.4
|Febd sun = 5.7
|Mard sun = 6.9
|Aprd sun = 8.0
|Mayd sun = 8.7
|Jund sun = 9.2
|Juld sun = 9.0
|Augd sun = 9.5
|Sepd sun = 9.9
|Octd sun = 9.9
|Novd sun = 9.0
|Decd sun = 6.6
|yeard sun = 
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref name= NOAA&gt;{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/MW/67591.TXT
| server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| title = Nkhota Kota Climate Normals 1961–1990
| accessdate = 10 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Dhaqan-dadyowga==
===Kobcinta dadka===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
! Sannad
! Dadka&lt;ref name=&quot;World Gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=dq&amp;geo=-150 |title=Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |accessdate=27 June 2008 |work=World Gazetteer |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223224/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=dq&amp;geo=-150 |archivedate=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|accessdate=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1977
| 10,312
|-	
| 1987
| 12,163
|-
| 1998 
| 19,262
|-	
| 2008 
| 24,726
|-
| 2018
| 28,250
|}

===Luqadaha===
[[Chichewa]] waa luqadda ugu weyn ee lagaga hadlo magaaladan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Language&quot;&gt;{{cite book|page=85|title=Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa|isbn=1-85359-725-2|date=2004|last=Baldauf |first=Richard B.|author2=Kaplan, Robert }}&lt;/ref&gt; Degsiimo [[Sawaaxili]] ah ayaa sidoo kale laga aasaasay Nkhotakota.&lt;ref&gt;Baldauf, p. 91.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhowr dad ah oo ku hadla [[Chewa]] ayaa ku nool koonfurta Nkhotakota,&lt;ref&gt;Baldauf, p. 82.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[Tonga]] ayaa lagaga hadlaa waqooyigeeda.&lt;ref&gt;Baldauf, p. 84.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Adeegyada==
[[Image:Nkhotakota cemetery2.jpg|left|thumb|Qabuuraha Masiixiyiinta ee Nkhotakota]]

===Caafimaadka===
Waxaa jira laba isbitaal oo ku yaal Nkhotakota: Isbitaalka Degmada Nkhotakota iyo Isbitaalka Hawlgalka ee St. Anne. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, degmada oo dhan waxaa ku yaal 23 goobood oo caafimaad oo ay ku jiraan 1 isbitaal degmo, 1 isbitaal hawlgalka, 1 isbitaal miyi ee dowladda, 1 isbitaal miyi ee hawlgalka, 11 xarumaha caafimaadka, 10 rugaha caafimaadka gaarka loo leeyahay iyo 2 goobood oo daawooyinka la siiyo.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nkhotakota.com/health.html~~~~{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200210170244.html|title=Poverty Reduction is Malawi's Priority|date=17 October 2002|accessdate=2 July 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadaalkeeda ku aadan la dagaalanka HIV/AIDS, Ururka Haweenka ee ka dhanka ah Aids-ka ee Malawi (SWAM) ayaa fuliyay mashruuc laba sano ah oo ku yaal Nkhotakota.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200705071519.html|title=SWAM in the Fight Against HIV/Aids|date=7 May 2007|accessdate=2 July 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Nkhotakota waa sidoo kale xarun goboleed ee [World Medical Fund] – oo ah samafal caafimaad oo fadhigeedu yahay UK, kaas oo adeegyadiisa miyiga ay siiyaan tuulooyinka gobolka daryeel caafimaad oo aasaasi ah oo ay ku jiraan anti-retrovirals, daaweynta anti-malarial iyo maamulka cudurada faafa.

===Bangiyada===
Laamaha First Discount House FDH Bank iyo NBS Bank ayaa si dhow ugu yaal bartamaha magaalada, isgoyska Salima/Lilongwe iyo Ntchisi/Kasungu. Halka Standard Bank (laan ka mid ah Standard Bank South Africa) uu ku yaal 50&amp;nbsp;km u jirta xarumaha shirkadda sonkorta ee Illovo ee Dwangwa, halkaas oo National Bank of Malawi iyo NBS Bank ay ku yaalaan. 
Bangiyadan ganacsiga ayaa bixiya dhowr adeeg oo bangi iyo adeegyo kale oo maaliyadeed oo ay ku jiraan; xarumaha sarrifka lacagaha qalaad ee dadka deegaanka iyo dalxiisayaasha ajaanibta ah. Waxa kale oo jira wakiillo badan oo bangi ah oo ku sugan Boma iyo xarumo ganacsi oo badan oo ku wareegsan degmada.

==Gaadiidka==
Nkhotakota waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee Harada Malawi,&lt;ref name=Britannica2&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-43952/Malawi|title=Malawi: Transportation|accessdate=27 June 2008|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana u adeega kivukada [[MV Ilala|MV ''Ilala'']] oo toddobaad kasta ka gudba Harada Malawi. Garoonka diyaaradaha ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal [[Kasungu]], {{convert|48|mi|km|order=flip}} u jirta. Basaska ayaa ka shaqeeya [[Salima (township)|Salima]] laba saacadood maalin kasta.&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, p. 176.&lt;/ref&gt; Intaas waxaa sii dheer, minibuses ayaa ka shaqeeya halkan ilaa [[Nkhata Bay]] oo ku socda waddada weyn ee isku xirta magaalooyinkan.&lt;ref&gt;Murphy, p. 191.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka caanka ah==
* [[Martha Mwale]] waxay noqotay haweenaydii ugu horreysay ee wasiirka Presbyterian ee Malawi 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Edward |first=Singini |date=1945–2003 |title=Mwale, Martha |url=https://dacb.org/stories/malawi/mwale-martha/ |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Essau Kanyenda]], weeraryahankii hore ee xulka qaranka Malawi ee kubadda cagta

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist|2}}

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  <page>
    <title>Nkhata Bay</title>
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      <text bytes="30008" sha1="l5rrgglxpr2wkmcfuplsrj3emtcl8k1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
|official_name = Nkhata Bay
|other_name = Nkhata
|native_name = &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Magaalo
|motto =
&lt;!-- images and maps --&gt;
|image_skyline = Nkatha Bay from above.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = Magaalada oo ku taal bannaanka u dhexeeya buuraha iyo harada Malawi
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x =
|dot_y =
|pushpin_map = Malawi&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_mapsize=240
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay Malawi kaga taal
&lt;!-- Location --&gt;
|subdivision_type = Waddan
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Gobollada Malawi|Gobolka]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Degmooyinka Malawi|Degmada]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Nkhata Bay District|Degmada Nkhata Bay]]
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =
&lt;!-- Politics --&gt;
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
&lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_title4 =
|leader_name4 =
|established_title =
&lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date =
|established_title2 =
&lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2 =
|established_title3 =
&lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3 =
&lt;!-- Area --&gt;
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Imperial
&lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
&lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2 = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_blank1_title =
|area_blank1_km2 =
|area_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- Population --&gt;
|population_as_of = Tirakoobkii 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|accessdate=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 14,274
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha
|population_blank1 =
|population_blank2_title = Diimaha
|population_blank2 =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information --&gt;
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|11|36|00|S|34|18|00|E|region:MW|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes= &lt;!--for references: use&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  tags--&gt;
|elevation_m =471
|elevation_ft =1548
|blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
|blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --&gt;
|postal_code_type =
&lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Nkhata Bay''' (ama si fudud '''Nkhata''') waa xarunta [[Nkhata Bay District|Degmada Nkhata Bay]] ee dalka Malawi. Waxay ku taal xeebta [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] (oo horay loogu yaqaannay Harada Nyasa), 40 km bari ka xigta [[Mzuzu]], waana mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-43952/Malawi|title=Malawi: Transportation|accessdate=20 June 2008|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka ku nool Nkhata Bay waxay tiradoodu ahayd 14,274 sida lagu sheegay tirakoobkii 2018.

==Demografi==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Sannad
! Dadka&lt;ref name=&quot;World Gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=dq&amp;geo=-150 |title=World Gazetteer: Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |accessdate=20 June 2008 |work=World Gazetteer |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223224/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=dq&amp;geo=-150 |archivedate=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office|accessdate=25 December 2019|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1987
| 6,494
|-
| 1998
| 9,433
|-
| 2008
| 11,269
|-
| 2018
| 14,274
|}

===Luqadda===
[[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]] waa luqadda ugu badan ee lagu hadlo, waxaa ku xiga luqado kale oo ka jira magaalada Nkhata. Guryaha dhexdiisa, waxaa looga hadlaa [[Tonga people of Malawi|Tonga]] iyo Tumbuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Language&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nVrsAmvjhNQC|page=134|title=Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa|accessdate=21 June 2008|isbn=1-85359-725-2|year=2004|author=Baldauf, Richard B.|author2=Kaplan, Robert }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taariikh ahaan, reer Tonga ee Degmada Nkhata-Bay, waxay qayb ka yihiin kooxda [[Tumbuka language cluster|Tumbuka]]. Glotolog waxay ku kala saartaa Tonga iyo Tumbuka hal koox.

==Dhaqaalaha==
Nkhata Bay waxay ku tiirsan tahay kalluunka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fish&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/site/list_messages/18887|date=13 June 2008|accessdate=21 June 2008|title=Malawi: Fish production reaps more in 2007|last=Banda|first=Sam Jnr.|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928063117/http://www.africanews.com/site/list_messages/18887|archivedate=28 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beerashada, gaar ahaan [[cassava|gassava]], waa shaqada ugu weyn ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cassava&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27532874_ITM|title=Low dietary cyanogen exposure from frequent consumption of potentially toxic cassava in Malawi.(Statistical Data Included)|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=1 January 2000|work=International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition|author=Chiwona-Karltun, L.|author2=Tylleskar, T.  |author3=Mkumbira, J.  |author4=Gebre-Medhin, M.  |author5= Rosling, H.  |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080113204538/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27532874_ITM &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archivedate = 13 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caagga, macadamia, sonkorta iyo bariiska ayaa sidoo kale ka jira agagaarka magaalada Nkhata Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rubber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-18250631_ITM|title=Malawi newspaper hails newly launched regional development initiative.|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=16 December 2004|work=Asia Africa Intelligence Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Maajo 2008, qorshaha waraabka Lweya ee Nkhata Bay ayaa la &quot;dayactiray&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Insurance&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9706|title=Insurance Issues -Insurers go North|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=28 May 2008|last=Chinyang'anya|first=Lester|work=The Daily Times}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dakhliga ka soo xarooda dalxiiska waa isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga bulshada Nkhata Bay.

===Dhibaatada dalagga===
Bishii Abriil 2002, in ka badan {{convert|1000|ha|acre}} oo &quot;galley, bariis, laws iyo gassava&quot; ah ayaa lagu qaaday Nkhata Bay ka dib roobab culus, taasoo keentay in ay sii xumaato cunto yarida.&lt;ref name=&quot;April 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-51960151.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020105508/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-51960151.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2012|title=Heavy rains destroy crops in northern Malawi|date=10 April 2002|accessdate=21 June 2008|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Maarso 2006, Nkhata Bay waxay heshay in ka badan 300 oo bac oo galley ah oo ka timid Feed the Nation Fund, sababtoo ah aagga ayaa la ildarnaa cunto yari.&lt;ref name=&quot;Feed the Nation&quot;&gt;{{citation |id={{Factiva|LQAF000020060310e23a000h2}}|title= Feed the Nation feeds Nkhata Bay|date=10 March 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roobab culus ayaa da'ay bishii Abriil 2006, taasoo keentay waxyeello kale oo soo gaartay Nkhata Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Further rain&quot;&gt;{{citation|id={{Factiva|LQAF000020060418e24i000jj}}|title= Disaster hits Karonga, Nkhata Bay|date=18 April 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasiirkii hore ee beeraha Malawi, Uladi Mussa Monday, ayaa sheegay bishii Maajo 2008 in sababo la xiriira roobab culus iyo fatahaado, dalagyada Nkhata Bay ay la baxeen biyaha; wuxuu sheegay in tani ay keeni doonto &quot;cunto yari daran&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Monday&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9681|title=MP predicts hunger this year|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=27 May 2008|last=Chipalasa|first=Mike|work=The Daily Times}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Cimilada==
{{Weather box
|location = Nkhata Bay, Malawi (1961–1990)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 28.8
|Feb high C = 28.9
|Mar high C = 28.8
|Apr high C = 28.6
|May high C = 27.3
|Jun high C = 25.8
|Jul high C = 25.5
|Aug high C = 26.6
|Sep high C = 28.7
|Oct high C = 30.2
|Nov high C = 30.4
|Dec high C = 29.2
|year high C = 28.2
|Jan mean C = 24.7
|Feb mean C = 24.7
|Mar mean C = 24.4
|Apr mean C = 23.9
|May mean C = 22.1
|Jun mean C = 20.3
|Jul mean C = 19.9
|Aug mean C = 20.8
|Sep mean C = 22.8
|Oct mean C = 24.7
|Nov mean C = 25.6
|Dec mean C = 24.9
|year mean C = 23.2
|Jan low C = 21.1
|Feb low C = 21.1
|Mar low C = 20.8
|Apr low C = 20.0
|May low C = 17.9
|Jun low C = 15.7
|Jul low C = 15.2
|Aug low C = 15.6
|Sep low C = 17.4
|Oct low C = 19.8
|Nov low C = 21.2
|Dec low C = 21.3
|year low C = 18.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 224.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 200.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 358.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 283.0
|May precipitation mm = 134.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 37.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 32.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 5.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 3.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 14.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 118.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 247.0
|year precipitation mm = 1657.0
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 84
|Mar humidity = 85
|Apr humidity = 84
|May humidity = 81
|Jun humidity = 78
|Jul humidity = 75
|Aug humidity = 72
|Sep humidity = 69
|Oct humidity = 68
|Nov humidity = 75
|Dec humidity = 81
|year humidity = 78
|unit precipitation days = 0.3 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 19
|Feb precipitation days = 17
|Mar precipitation days = 20
|Apr precipitation days = 18
|May precipitation days = 10
|Jun precipitation days = 5
|Jul precipitation days = 4
|Aug precipitation days = 2
|Sep precipitation days = 1
|Oct precipitation days = 2
|Nov precipitation days = 8
|Dec precipitation days = 17
|year precipitation days = 123
|Jan sun = 170.5
|Feb sun = 159.6
|Mar sun = 195.3
|Apr sun = 192.0
|May sun = 238.7
|Jun sun = 237.0
|Jul sun = 254.2
|Aug sun = 288.3
|Sep sun = 300.0
|Oct sun = 313.1
|Nov sun = 264.0
|Dec sun = 201.5
|year sun = 2814.2
|Jand sun = 5.5
|Febd sun = 5.7
|Mard sun = 6.3
|Aprd sun = 6.4
|Mayd sun = 7.7
|Jund sun = 7.9
|Juld sun = 8.2
|Augd sun = 9.3
|Sepd sun = 10.0
|Octd sun = 10.1
|Novd sun = 8.8
|Decd sun = 6.5
|yeard sun =
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref name= NOAA&gt;{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/MW/67493.TXT
| server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| title = Nkhata Bay Climate Normals 1961–1990
| accessdate = 8 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=June 2014
}}

==Gaadiidka==
[[File:the ilala.jpg|left|thumb|240px|MV Ilala oo ka baxaysa Nkhata Bay]]
Nkhata Bay waa deked ay booqato markabka uumiga ee [[MV Ilala]], kaas oo u safra [[Harada Malawi]] kana yimaada Monkey Bay ee koonfurta Malawi, ilaa Chilumba ee waqooyiga, iyada oo sii marta [[Likoma Island|Jasiiradda Likoma]] iyo [[Chizumulu]]. Bishii Luulyo 2006, qorshayaal ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in la &quot;dayactiro&quot; dekedda Nkhata Bay, iyo in dib loo aasaaso adeegga maraakiibta u dhexeeya Nkhata Bay iyo [[Mbamba Bay]] ee Tanzania.&lt;ref name=&quot;New ferry&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=89561|title=Crowding in|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=21 July 2006|work=Engineering News|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jidkan ayaa hadda waxaa adeegga u haya [[dhow]] (doonyo matoor leh). Waxaa jira basas yar yar oo si joogta ah u safra oo ka taga Nkhata Bay ilaa [[Mzuzu]], [[Nkhotakota]] iyo [[Salima (township)|Salima]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Buses&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=191|accessdate=21 June 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}&lt;/ref&gt; Basas deg-deg ah ayaa u safra [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]], [[Mzuzu]] iyo [[Karonga]] kuwaas oo ka baxa xannibaadda booliska, 3 km u jirta magaalada.

Bishii Juun 2008, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in [[African Development Bank|Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]] (ADB) uu maalgelin doono dib u dhiska wadada ka timaada Nkhata Bay ilaa Mzuzu,&lt;ref name=&quot;ADB&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9846|title=Blantyre-Zomba road to be reconstructed|date=6 June 2008|accessdate=21 June 2008|last=Khunga|first=Suzgo|work=The Daily Times}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin 20 Juun 2008, waxaa la sheegay in ADB ay qayb ahaan maalgelin doonto dib u dhiska.&lt;ref name=&quot;Partial fund&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=135295|title=Malawi in talks over funding for Blantyre–Zomba road reconstruction|date=20 June 2008|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel|work=Engineering News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ciyaaraha==
Kooxda kubadda cagta ee Nkhata Bay waa Nkhata Bay Police; kooxda waxaa loo beddelay [[Eagle Strikers]] haddana waxay ku ciyaaraan [[Mzuzu]]. Kooxdu waxay ku ciyaartaa [[TNM Super League]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Eagle&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9663|title=Bullets maintain top spot|work=The Daily Times|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=26 May 2008|last=Banda|first=Sam Jnr.|author2=Chipalasa, Mike}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira koox kubadda cagta ee haweenka ah oo ku taal Nkhata Bay, waxaana loogu yeeraa Nkhata Bay United Sisters of Malawi. Kooxda waxaa la aasaasay 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;Noticias&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.noticias.info/Archivo/2007/200701/20070112/20070112_253991.shtm|title=Football for Hope: África, la tierra de los sueños|publisher=Noticias|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=12 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525071339/http://www.noticias.info/Archivo/2007/200701/20070112/20070112_253991.shtm|archive-date=25 May 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Netball]] ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa Nkhata Bay. Bishii Juun 2008, horyaalada Nkhata Bay waxay ahaayeen Kawalazi, waxayna heleen abaalmarin dhan 30,000 oo Malawian Kwacha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Netball&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9907|title=Nico Life splashes prizes to top district netball winners|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=11 June 2008|work=The Daily Times|last=Tayanjah-Phiri|first=Francis}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xagaa kasta waxaa jira tartan doonyo oo socda maalmo badan oo ka bilaabma [[Cape Maclear]] koonfurta, kuna dhammaada Nkhata Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abendblatt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2007/06/30/764048.html?s=2|title=Das &quot;warme Herz Afrikas&quot; liegt im Süden|language=German|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=30 June 2007|work=[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Siyaasadda==
Xildhibaanka Baarlamaanka Malawi u matala Nkhata Bay Waqooyi sannadkii 2008 wuxuu ahaa Ephraim Mganda Chiume.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pisho&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9806|title=PSC adamant on Katopola|date=5 June 2008|accessdate=21 June 2008|work=The Daily Times|last=Khunga|first=Suzgo}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xildhibaanka Nkhata Bay Dhexe sannadkii 2006 wuxuu ahaa Symon Vuwa Kaunda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaunda&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&amp;p_multi=BBAB&amp;d_place=BBAB&amp;p_theme=newslibrary2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=11205C34921DD4F0&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|publisher=MIJ FM, Blantyre|title=Malawian leader drops vice-president from cabinet|date=2 June 2006|accessdate=21 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xildhibaanka Nkhata Bay Koonfur Galbeed sannadkii 2008 wuxuu ahaa Silvester Kasambara, oo xubin ka ahaa mucaaradka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Opposition&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=10004|title=Opposition MP praises K229 budget|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=19 June 2008|work=The Daily Times|last=Kashoti|first=Dickson}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kasambara wuxuu sababay buuq baarlamaanka bishii Juun 2008 markii uu ballanqaaday 10,000 oo [[Malawian kwacha]] kooxda [[Malawi national football team|kubadda cagta qaranka Malawi]], ka dib markii ay 1–0 kaga badiyeen Masar, horyaalada Afrika, ee isreebreebka FIFA World Cup 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasambara&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/article.asp?ArticleID=9977|title=Flames unite warring MPs|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=18 June 2008|work=The Daily Times|last=Kashoti|first=Dickson}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xildhibaanka Nkhata Bay Waqooyi sannadkii 2024 wuxuu ahaa [[Chrissie Kanyasho]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PWC Home – PWC Malawi |url=https://pwcmalawi.org/pwc-home/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=31 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231001239/https://pwcmalawi.org/pwc-home/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Adeegyada==
===Dalabka===
Waxaa jira baarar, maqaayado, laba dukaan oo raashin ah, xarun bas, dukaamo dharka lagu tolo, saldhig tagaasi iyo suuq ku yaal Nkhata Bay. Waxaa jira afar bangi, NBS, FNB, Malawi Savings and Opportunity Bank, laga bilaabo horraantii 2013 [[automated teller machine|mashiinka lacagta (ATM)]] ayaa u oggolaan doona lacag bixinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo inta badan kaararka deynta ama kaararka bangiga ee dibadda ee labada bangi ee ku yaal dusha buurta, NBS iyo FNB. Waxaa jira helitaanka internetka dhowr maqaayado internetka ah, Xarunta Isgaarsiinta Nkhata Bay, Jessie's iyo kuwo kale. Iyo helitaan bilaash ah oo internetka ah oo ku yaal Butterfly lodge ee South Bay. Waxaa jira taleefanno dadweyne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Six Wheels&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O6XFx6VNHWkC|title=Africa on Six Wheels: A Semester on Safari|page=114|accessdate=21 June 2008|year=2007|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|isbn=978-0-8032-8054-0|last=Levitov|first=Betty}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xafiisyada Degmadu waxay ku yaalaan magaalada waxaana jira xafiis boosto. Waxaad ka bixin kartaa biilkaaga ESCOM magaalada, iyo biilka Guddiga Biyaha ee dusha sare ee buurta.

===Sharci iyo kala dambayn===
Nkhata Bay waxay leedahay saldhig boolis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-116387073.html|title=Malawi minister survives electoral campaign accident|date=9 May 2004|accessdate=21 June 2008|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhac loo geystay dalxiisayaasha ayaa ka dhacay Nkhata Bay, laakiin waa kuwo naadir ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;LP Robbery&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=228|accessdate=21 June 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Caafimaadka===
Waxaa jira isbitaal ku yaal Nkhata Bay, waxaana bishii Oktoobar 2006 ay heshay deeq ka timid [[National Bank of Malawi|Bangiga Qaranka ee Malawi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Factiva hospital&quot;&gt;{{citation|id={{Factiva|LQAF000020061013e2ad0008e}}|title= NBM donates K4.5m equipment to hospitals|date=13 October 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[AllAfrica]]'' waxay soo weriyeen in qaybo ka mid ah aagga Nkhata Bay aysan helin daaweyn habboon oo AIDS-ka ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;AllAfrica AIDS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200611150531.html|title=Malawi: Aids Treatment Fails to Reach Remote Lakeshore Community|date=15 November 2006|accessdate=21 June 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dalxiiska==
{{Wikivoyage}}
Nkhata Bay waxaa lagu tilmaamay [[Lonely Planet]] inay tahay &quot;Caribbeanesque&quot; iyo &quot;lush tropical indent&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lush&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=188|accessdate=21 June 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira dhowr guryo-marti iyo aqalo loogu talagalay dalxiisayaasha ee Nkhata Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lodge&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=189|accessdate=21 June 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Febraayo 2005, dawladda Malawi waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal lagu dhisayo ecolodges si kor loogu qaado [[ecotourism|dalxiiska deegaanka]] ee aagga Nkhata Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ecolodge&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=62664|title=Tenders invited for Lake Malawi ecotourism project|accessdate=21 June 2008|date=18 February 2005|work=Engineering News|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dugsiga quusitaanka ee Nkhata Bay wuxuu bixiyaa &quot;koorsada quusitaanka ugu raqiisan adduunka&quot; sida uu qabo ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Diving&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/721218/Malawi-Flying-under-water.html|title=Malawi: Flying under water|date=5 February 2001|accessdate=21 June 2008|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Isaacson|first=Rupert |url-status=dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080411070813/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/721218/Malawi-Flying-under-water.html &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archivedate = 11 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalxiiska Nkhata Bay wuxuu leeyahay taariikh dheer. Waxay qayb ka ahayd dariiqa dadka lugaynaya ee u dhexeeya bariga Afrika iyo caarada koonfureed laakiin tirada dadka lugaynaya ayaa hoos u dhacay si weyn sanadihii la soo dhaafay. Arrimaha siyaasadeed ee Zimbabwe ayaa dib u eegis ku sameeyay dariiqa dadka lugaynaya si dad badan hadda ay u maraan Zambia ama xeebta Mozambique. Heart Hotel wuxuu ahaa goob ganacsi oo maxalli ah oo ku yaal tuulada halkaas oo dadka lugaynaya ee miisaaniyaddoodu aad u hooseyso ay ka heli karaan qol iyo quraac lacag aad uga yar hal doolarka Mareykanka. Nkhata Bay waxay noqotay meel dadku ay ku nasan karaan safar dheer oo ay ku bixin karaan lacag aad u yar. Furitaanka Njajay Lodge ka dib, goobta wax yar bay is beddeshay. Magaaladii iyo dhaqankii dadka lugaynaya waxay u wareegeen inay u adeegaan qof safar ah oo lacag badan ku bixin kara. In kasta oo tuuladu hadda leedahay meelo badan oo la seexdo, dhibaatadu waxay noqotay soo jiidashada dadka oo hadda inta badan u safraya waddamo kale ama xeebo si sahlan loo heli karo oo ku yaal Malawi. Isbeddel kale oo yareeyay tirada booqdayaasha ajnabiga ah ee Nkhata Bay waa tirada sii kordhaysa ee dadka u safraya Afrika gaari xamuul ah halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen safar madax-bannaan oo dadka lugaynaya. Gawaarida xamuulka ma yimaadaan Nkhata Bay laakiin, waxay doortaan xeebaha Chinteche ee koonfurta. Natiijo ahaan, farshaxan-yahanno badan oo maxalli ah ayaa u guuray xarumahooda farshaxanka ee isgoyska wadada Nkhata Bay/Chinteche. Tani iyo kororka baaxadda leh ee qiimaha xirmooyinka caalamiga ah ee ka yimaada Malawi ayaa ka dhigay mid aad u adag in farshaxan-yahanka maxalliga ah ee hibada leh uu nolol maalmeedkiisa sameeyo. Farshaxan-yahanno badan ayaa hadda dhisa goobo ganacsi oo si toos ah uga baxsan xeryaha gawaarida xamuulka ee Malawi iyagoo fahmaya in dadka lugaynaya aysan mar dambe awoodin inay diraan kuraasta iyo maaskaro caanka ah ee madaxda Malawi.

==Dhacdooyin xusid mudan==
===Guurka===
Bishii Maarso 2000, nin 73 jir ah oo ka yimid Nkhata iyo haweeney 22 jir ah ayaa is guursaday, waxaana ''[[BBC News]]'' ay ku soo warisay inuu ahaa &quot;guurkii layaabka lahaa ee sanadka ee Malawi&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marriage&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/685244.stm|title=Malawi's unlikely love story|last=Tenthani|first=Raphael|access-date=21 June 2008|date=21 March 2000|work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Weerar Yaxaaska===
Bishii Disembar 2002, ganacsade, Mac Bosco Chawinga, ayaa waxaa jiiday [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] ee Nkhata Bay [[crocodile|yaxaas]]; Chawinga wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu baxsado isagoo qaniinay yaxaaska sankiisa. Yaxaaskii ayaa markaas sii daayay, Chawinga wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu ku soo laabto xeebta, in kasta oo uu dhaawacyo halis ah ka soo gaaray lugaha iyo gacmaha. ''[[The Times]]'' waxay soo werisay in, sida ay qabaan &quot;khubarada duurjoogta&quot;, Chawinga uu yahay qofkii ugu horreeyay ee badbaada ka dib markii uu &quot;isticmaalay xeelad noocaas ah oo geesinimo leh&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Times croc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article801410.ece|title=Man escapes by biting crocodile|date=13 December 2002|last=McGrory|first=Daniel|work=[[The Times]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Croc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2565827.stm|date=11 December 2002|title=Man bites crocodile|access-date=21 June 2008|work=[[BBC News]]|last=Tenthani|first=Raphael}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;San Francisco&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Man-Bites-Crocodile-In-The-Nose-2746522.php|title=Man Bites Crocodile in the Nose|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=12 December 2002|access-date=21 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dooni degtay===
9-kii Maajo 2004, Wasiirkii markaas ee Dalxiiska, Beeraha iyo Duurjoogta Wallace Chiume wuu badbaaday markii dooni ay kula degtay Nkhata Bay. Ugu yaraan lix qof oo kale ayaa ku qaraqmay shilkaas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;/&gt; Mid ka mid ah rakaabkii dhintay wuxuu ahaa ilmo. Doonida waxaa loo isticmaalayay ololaha doorashada Malawi. Dabaylo xooggan ayaa lagu eedeeyay shilka oo ka dhacay {{convert|10|km|mi}} xeebta Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;IOL wind&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.phpclick_id=84&amp;art_id=qw1084203541935B254&amp;set_id=1|title=Six die as minister's campaign boat capsizes|date=10 May 2004|accessdate=21 June 2008|work=Independent Online}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt; 40 qof ayaa saarnaa doonida markii shilku dhacay.&lt;ref name=&quot;SABC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sabcnews.com/africa/southern_africa/0,2172,79457,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628085059/http://www.sabcnews.com/africa/southern_africa/0%2C2172%2C79457%2C00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2004 |title=Six die in Malawi boat accident, minister survives |date=9 May 2004 |accessdate=21 June 2008 |work=[[SABC News]] }} &lt;/ref&gt;

===Ururada===
Sannadkii 2006, Ururka Taageerada AIDS-ka ee Nkhata Bay ayaa laga sameeyay Malawi waxaana dambe laga diiwaangeliyay gobolka Wisconsin iyada oo ah shirkad aan macaash doon ahayn. Iskaashiga Maraykan-Malawi wuxuu horseeday guul weyn oo laga gaaray la dagaallanka HIV/AIDS-ka ee Degmada Nkhata Bay. In ka badan lix rugood oo caafimaad ayaa la aasaasay labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, taasoo keentay 23% hoos u dhac ku yimid natiijooyinka baaritaanka HIV-ga. Hay'addu waxay ku shaqaysaa miisaaniyad yar oo ka timaada deeq-bixiyeyaasha maxalliga ah ee Wisconsin.
&lt;ref name=&quot;WDFI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wdfi.org/apps/CorpSearch/Details.aspx?entityID=N035165&amp;hash=898606365&amp;searchFunctionID=244fa4d7-ee28-4353-89f9-9c9b7c4f13a7&amp;type=Simple&amp;q=Nkhata+Bay+AIDS+support%2c+org.|title=Nkhata Bay AIDS Support Org|date=23 August 2008|accessdate=23 December 2008|work=WDFI}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NKHASO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.facebook.com/home.php#/group.php?gid=6641038149&amp;ref=ts|title=NkhataBayAIDSSupportInfodate=2008-12-23|accessdate=23 December 2008|work=[[Facebook Group]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist|3}}</text>
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    <title>Namalaha</title>
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&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;| name               = Namalaha
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label      = Namalaha
| native_name_lang   = zh-cn
| settlement_type    = Tuulo
| image_skyline      = 
| image_alt          = 
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| image_map          = 
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| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
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| pushpin_map        = Malawi
| subdivision_type2  = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]]
| footnotes          = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|14|2|6|S|35|10|39|E|region:CN-63|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Malawi]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay Malawi kaga taal
| seat               = 
| subdivision_name2  = [[Mangochi District|Mangochi]]
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| subdivision_type4  = Qaybaha heer tuulo
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| area_rank          = 
| unit_pref          = 
| area_footnotes     = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Namalaha,+Malawi/@-14.0310153,35.1650806,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x18dfb483ed904cb1:0xece2366ae9a1f795!8m2!3d-14.0341936!4d35.1776857!16s%2Fg%2F1tzhzkbc?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDMyNS4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Mapas Paraje la Paloma, Chaco - Calles y rutas }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_urban_footnotes = &lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/re&gt; --&gt;
| area_rural_footnotes = &lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/re&gt; --&gt;
| area_metro_footnotes = &lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/re&gt; --&gt;
| area_magnitude     = &lt;!-- &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/re&gt; --&gt;
| area_note          = 
| length_km          = 
| leader_title       = 
| area_blank2_km2    = 
| area_blank2_title  = &lt;!-- square kilometers --&gt;
| area_total_km2     = 2.13
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_rural_km2     = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_blank1_km2    = 
| leader_party       = 
| area_blank1_title  = 
| population_demonym = 
| leader_name        = 
| dimensions_footnotes = 
| elevation_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/malawi/malawi_(general)/_namalaha/ | title=Mapas Paraje la Paloma, Chaco - Calles y rutas }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| elevation_m        = 487
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 
| population_as_of   = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| width_km           = 
| timezone1          = [[Time in Malawi|CAT]]
| population_note    = 
| utc_offset1        = +2
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 
| iso_code           = 
| website            = 
| official_name      = 
}}
'''Namalaha''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Chiponda'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Namalaha - Southern Region Map, Weather and Photos - Malawi: populated place - Lat:-14.0333 and Long:35.1667 |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/malawi/malawi_(general)/_namalaha/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.getamap.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Chiponda, Malawi |url=https://fallingrain.com/world/MI/00/Chiponda.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=fallingrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;) waa tuulo&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ku taal [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]], [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]], [[Malawi]] oo leh [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|cimilada savanna kulaylaha]] ah oo qoyan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mindat.org |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-930613.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.mindat.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gegada diyaaradaha ee ugu dhow Namalaha waa garoon yar oo ku yaal [[Monkey Bay]], 15 mayl galbeed uga gudbaya [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; waxaana lagu xiraa dalka intiisa kale wadada S129 oo dhererkeedu yahay 14-kilomitir. Namalaha waxay leedahay toban waddo oo kale oo yaryar oo ku dhex yaal aaggeeda.

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jasiiradda Mumbo</title>
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      <text bytes="2029" sha1="cnuoz6fox5xb91n64vtp58hop5uj7cb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands
| name             = Mumbo Island
| image_name       = Mumbo Island 02.jpg
| image_caption    = Xeebta koonfur-bari ee jasiiradda oo laga arkayo gacanka koonfureed
| image_size       = 200px
| map = 
| map_caption = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_link = 
| nickname         = 
| location         = [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]]
|coordinates = {{coord|-13.98921|34.75543|display=inline}}
| archipelago      = 
| total_islands    = 1
| major_islands    = 
| area_m2         = 514
| highest_mount    = 
| elevation_m      =
| country          = Malawi
| country_admin_divisions_title     = Gobol
| country_admin_divisions           = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Dhexe]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1   = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]]
| country_admin_divisions_1         = [[Mangochi District|Salima]]
| country_capital_and_largest_city  = 
| population       = 
| population_as_of = 
| density_km2      = 
| ethnic_groups    = 
| additional_info  =
}}

'''Mumbo Island''' waa jasiirad ku taal [[Lake Malawi National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Malawi]], waxaana ay ku taal [[Salima District|Degmada Salima]] ee [[Central Region, Malawi|Gobolka Dhexe]], qiyaastii {{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} bari ka xigta caasimadda [[Lilongwe]]. Ma lahan dad deegaan joogto ah laakiin waxaa ku yaal Mumbo Camp, oo ah xero dalxiis oo ecoboutique ah (tusaale ahaan, [[ecotourism|dalxiiska deegaanka]] [[boutique hotel|hotel boutique]] ah).&lt;ref name=&quot;LP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mary Fitzpatrick |title=Zambia, Mozambique &amp; Malawi |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=978-1-74179-722-0 |page=311}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Duurjoogta==
Jasiiraddu waxay hoy u tahay [[African fish eagle| gorgorrada kalluunka ee Afrika]], [[Monitor lizard| yaxaas-dhabarka]], [[African clawless otter| otterka Afrika ee aan cidiyaha lahayn]] iyo noocyo dhowr ah oo [[cichlid|kalluunka cichlid-ka]].&lt;ref name=LP/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Philip Briggs|title=Malawi|publisher=Bradt|isbn=978-1-841624747 |page=150 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2034" sha1="c677nzr98vv4w0dnunawf6b1n0m7hqr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands
| name             = Jasiiradda Mumbo 
| image_name       = Mumbo Island 02.jpg
| image_caption    = Xeebta koonfur-bari ee jasiiradda oo laga arkayo gacanka koonfureed
| image_size       = 200px
| map = 
| map_caption = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_link = 
| nickname         = 
| location         = [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]]
|coordinates = {{coord|-13.98921|34.75543|display=inline}}
| archipelago      = 
| total_islands    = 1
| major_islands    = 
| area_m2         = 514
| highest_mount    = 
| elevation_m      =
| country          = Malawi
| country_admin_divisions_title     = Gobol
| country_admin_divisions           = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Dhexe]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1   = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]]
| country_admin_divisions_1         = [[Mangochi District|Salima]]
| country_capital_and_largest_city  = 
| population       = 
| population_as_of = 
| density_km2      = 
| ethnic_groups    = 
| additional_info  =
}}

'''Mumbo Island''' waa jasiirad ku taal [[Lake Malawi National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Malawi]], waxaana ay ku taal [[Salima District|Degmada Salima]] ee [[Central Region, Malawi|Gobolka Dhexe]], qiyaastii {{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} bari ka xigta caasimadda [[Lilongwe]]. Ma lahan dad deegaan joogto ah laakiin waxaa ku yaal Mumbo Camp, oo ah xero dalxiis oo ecoboutique ah (tusaale ahaan, [[ecotourism|dalxiiska deegaanka]] [[boutique hotel|hotel boutique]] ah).&lt;ref name=&quot;LP&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mary Fitzpatrick |title=Zambia, Mozambique &amp; Malawi |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=978-1-74179-722-0 |page=311}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Duurjoogta==
Jasiiraddu waxay hoy u tahay [[African fish eagle| gorgorrada kalluunka ee Afrika]], [[Monitor lizard| yaxaas-dhabarka]], [[African clawless otter| otterka Afrika ee aan cidiyaha lahayn]] iyo noocyo dhowr ah oo [[cichlid|kalluunka cichlid-ka]].&lt;ref name=LP/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Philip Briggs|title=Malawi|publisher=Bradt|isbn=978-1-841624747 |page=150 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
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  <page>
    <title>Monkey Bay</title>
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      <text bytes="16669" sha1="dpkr75so4w3ztmkjxjad8fzddcekyhq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt; 
&lt;!-- Basic info ----------------&gt; |official_name = Monkey Bay
|other_name = Lusumbwe

|native_name =   &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt; 
|nickname = 
|settlement_type = &lt;!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--&gt; 
|motto = 
&lt;!-- images and maps -----------&gt; 
|image_skyline =Monoxylon_beach_Lake_Malawi_1557.jpg 
|imagesize = 
|image_caption = Xeebta Cape Maclear oo u dhow Monkey Bay
|image_flag = 
|flag_size = 
|image_seal = 
|seal_size = 
|image_shield = 
|shield_size = 
|image_blank_emblem = 
|blank_emblem_type = 
|blank_emblem_size = 
|image_map = 
|mapsize = 
|map_caption = 
|image_map1 = 
|mapsize1 = 
|map_caption1 = 
|image_dot_map = 
|dot_mapsize = 
|dot_map_caption = 
|dot_x = 
|dot_y = 
|pushpin_map = Malawi&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt; 
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_label_position =bottom 
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay Malawi kaga taal
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt; 
|subdivision_type = Waddan 
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} 
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Mangochi District]] 
|subdivision_type3 = 
|subdivision_name3 = 
|subdivision_type4 = 
|subdivision_name4 = 
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt; 
|government_footnotes = 
|government_type = 
|leader_title = 
|leader_name = 
|leader_title1 = 
&lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt; 
|leader_name1 = 
|leader_title2 = 
|leader_name2 = 
|leader_title3 = 
|leader_name3 = 
|leader_title4 = 
|leader_name4 = 
|established_title = 
&lt;!-- Settled --&gt; 
|established_date = 
|established_title2 = 
&lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt; 
|established_date2 = 
|established_title3 = 
&lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt; 
|established_date3 = 
&lt;!-- Area ---------------------&gt; 
|area_magnitude = 
|unit_pref =Imperial 
&lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt; 
|area_footnotes = 
|area_total_km2 = 
&lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt; 
|area_land_km2 =  &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt; 
|area_water_km2 = 
|area_total_sq_mi = 
|area_land_sq_mi = 
|area_water_sq_mi = 
|area_water_percent = 
|area_urban_km2 = 
|area_urban_sq_mi = 
|area_metro_km2 = 
|area_metro_sq_mi = 
|area_blank1_title = 
|area_blank1_km2 = 
|area_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Population -----------------------&gt; 
|population_as_of = Tirakoobkii 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report |publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office |accessdate=25 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_footnotes =
|population_note = 
|population_total = 14,955
|population_density_km2 = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|population_metro = 
|population_density_metro_km2 = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_urban = 
|population_density_urban_km2 = 
|population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
|population_blank1_title = Qowmiyado 
|population_blank1 = 
|population_blank2_title = Diimo 
|population_blank2 = 
|population_density_blank1_km2 = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- General information ---------------&gt; 
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset = 
|timezone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|14|05|00|S|34|55|00|E|region:MW|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
&lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt; 
|elevation_m  = 
|elevation_ft = 1630
|blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
|blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt; 
|postal_code_type = 
&lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt; 
|postal_code = 
|area_code = 
|blank_name = 
|blank_info = 
|blank1_name = 
|blank1_info = 
|website = 
|footnotes = 
}}
[[file:Monkey bay main road.JPG|thumb|Waddada ugu weyn ee waqooyi-koonfur ee magaalada.]]
'''Monkey Bay''' ama '''Lusumbwe''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Mangochi]] oo ka tirsan [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]] ee [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee dalka [[Malawi]]. Magaaladu waxay ku taal xeebta [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] waana mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-43952/Malawi|title=Malawi: Transportation|accessdate=20 June 2008|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka ku nool Monkey Bay waxay ahaayeen 14,955 qof sida ku xusan tirakoobkii 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;World Gazetteer&quot;/&gt; Monkey Bay waxay {{convert|206|km|mi}} u jirtaa [[Lilongwe]], oo ah caasimadda Malawi, iyo {{convert|253|km|mi}} oo u jirta [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wild Malawi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wildmalawi.com/distance-table/distance-table/malawi-distance-table.html|title=Malawi distance table|accessdate=20 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Monkey Bay waa goob dalxiis waxaana inta badan laga sii maraa wadada loo aado [[Cape Maclear]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Maclear&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=200|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
Monkey Bay waxaa xukumayay hogaamiye Muslim ah oo [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]] ah iyo ganacsade addoon, Mponda, intii lagu jiray 1880-meeyadii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mponda&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Steamer Parish: The Rise and Fall of Missionary Medicine on an African|url=https://archive.org/details/steamerparishris0000good|url-access=registration|last=Good|first=Charles M.|year=2004|accessdate=22 June 2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/steamerparishris0000good/page/88 88]|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=0-226-30281-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1905, sahamiye [[Mary Hall (explorer)|Mary Hall]] ayaa maray halkan iyadoo noqotay haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee safarta dhererka Afrika laga soo bilaabo Cape Town ilaa Qaahira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Colin |date=1982 |title=Nyasaland 1905 - 1909: The Journeys of Mary Hall, Olivia Colville and Charlotte Mansfield |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29778467 |journal=The Society of Malawi Journal |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=11–29 |issn=0037-993X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad, Bishop-kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Likoma Island|Likoma]], [[Chauncy Maples]], ayaa ku degay meel u dhow Monkey Bay ee Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bishop&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=193|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadihii 1960-meeyadii, waxaa Monkey Bay ka jiray Shaybaar Cilmi-baaris Kalluumeysi, kaas oo ay maalgelisay xilligaas dawladdii gumeysiga [[Nyasaland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fisheries&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k706AAAAIAAJ|title=Bulletin – Malawi Geological Survey Department|accessdate=20 June 2008|publisher=Malawi Geographical Survey Department|year=1963}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafiga==
Monkey Bay waxay ku taal xeebta [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] waana mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu waaweyn ee Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;/&gt; Waxay ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1630|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}.

Monkey Bay waxay qiyaastii {{convert|4|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} u jirtaa Chimpamba, {{convert|2|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} u jirtaa Zambo, {{convert|1|mi|km|round=0.5|order=flip|abbr=on}} u jirtaa Msumbi iyo 17.9 km (11.12 mi) u jirtaa [[Cape Maclear]].&lt;ref name=FR&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Monkey_Bay.html |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Monkey Bay, Malawi |work=FallingRain Genomics |accessdate=21 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Heerka Nolosha==
Bishii Maarso 2003, Madaxweynihii xilligaas ee Malawi [[Bakili Muluzi]] ayaa shir ku qabtay Monkey Bay, wuxuuna ballan qaaday inuu gacan ka geysan doono dhimista saboolnimada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Muluzi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200303080008.html|title=Malawi: Muluzi Outlines Priority|date=8 March 2008|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay'adda samafalka ee [[Save the Children]] ayaa ka howlgasha aagga Monkey Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSM&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0611/p01s03-woaf.htm|title=AIDS adds to African food crisis|date=11 June 2002|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[CS Monitor]]|last=Itano|first=Nicole}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida uu sheegay mutadawac horumarineed oo Jarmal ah oo la shaqeeya Back to School Foundation, dadka deggan Monkey Bay kuma noola heerka saboolnimada, laakiin waxay ku nool yihiin heerka jiritaanka. Guryuhu waa cariishyo dhoobo ah oo fudud, qoysas yar ayaa awoodi kara koronto, maadaama kharashka xiriirka oo kaliya uu yahay saddex jeer mushaharka celceliska bille ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rheinische Post&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/public/article/kempen/471650/Eine-Zukunft-fuer-die-Kinder-von-Malawi.html|title=Eine Zukunft für die Kinder von Malawi|date=23 August 2007|accessdate=20 June 2008|last=Kleinebrahm|first=Tobias|work=[[Rheinische Post]]|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Adeegyada==
===Goobaha Adeegga===
Waxaa Monkey Bay ku yaal suuq weyn iyo suuq caadi ah, inkastoo aysan jirin xafiisyo lacag beddelasho ama mashiinno lacagta lagala baxo (ATM). 22 Febraayo 2010, bangigii ugu horreeyay ayaa albaabada u furay. [[Malawi Savings Bank]] oo ka shaqeynayay dhismaha Xafiiska Boostada ayaa u guuray meel u gaar ah, dhismo dib loo habeeyay oo ballaaran oo ku yaal xarunta ganacsiga.

Ma jirin maqaaxi internet oo shaqeysa sannadkii 2007 laakiin waxaa jiray calaamado mid ka mid ah. Waxaa jira guryo dhowr ah oo martida loo qaabilo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shops&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|page=201|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mashiinka lacagta lagala baxo (ATM) ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal magaalada [[Mangochi]].

===Gaadiidka===
Monkey Bay waxaa ku xira [[Lilongwe]] iyo [[Blantyre]] adeegyada basaska.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shops&quot;/&gt; Garoonka diyaaradaha ee ugu dhow wuxuu ku yaal [[Ulongwe]], {{convert|49|mi|km||order=flip|abbr=on}} u jira.&lt;ref name=FR/&gt; Laba markab oo rakaab ah ayaa toddobaad kasta ku socdaalaya Harada Malawi inta u dhaxaysa Monkey Bay iyo [[Chilumba]]; ''[[MV Ilala]]'' iyo ''Mtendere''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph Sail&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html |title=Malawi: On a mission in Africa |accessdate=20 June 2008 |date=5 February 2001 |last=Rogers |first=Douglas |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ilala'' waa markab uumiga ku shaqeeya oo qaadi kara 350-rakkaab ah kaas oo ka shaqeynayay waddada tan iyo 1951-dii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2001/apr/18/netjetters2000sam.netjetters1?page=2|title=Lake placid|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=20 June 2008|date=18 April 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Maarso 2003, Midowga Yurub ayaa maalgeliyay horumarinta wadada isku xirta Monkey Bay iyo Masasa iyo Golomoti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Engineering News&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=33703|title=EU approves funding for Malawian road projects|accessdate=20 June 2008|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel|date=28 March 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Febraayo 2006, dawladda Malawi waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal ay ku dhisayso waddo ka timaada Monkey Bay ilaa Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;To Maclear&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200602280116.html|title=Malawi: Investors, Tourists Wear Smile in Cape Maclear|work=[[AllAfrica]]|date=28 February 2006|accessdate=20 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Maarso 2006, ma jirin waddo la maro oo Monkey Bay gasha, ka dib markii fatahaadihii ugu xumaa tan iyo 1978 ay qaadeen dhowr kiiloomitir oo waddo ah iyo buundo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mywire&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mywire.com/pubs/AFP/2006/03/08/1270868?extID=10051|title= Flash floods in Malawi tourist haven leave 6,000 homeless|date=8 March 2006|accessdate=20 June 2008|publisher=[[Agence France Presse]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roobabka ayaa lagu qiyaasay qiyaastii {{convert|158|mm|in}} waxaana dhowr kun oo qof oo ku nool [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]] ay ku waayeen guryahoodii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Angola&quot;/&gt;

===Waxbarashada===
Dugsiga Katooliga ee Nankhwala wuxuu ku yaal Monkey Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/tayside_and_central/7451251.stm|title= School cash for Malawi youngsters|access-date=20 June 2008|date=12 June 2006|work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Caafimaadka===
Monkey Bay waxay leedahay cusbitaal, laakiin adeegyada caafimaad ma ahan kuwo baahsan; qaliinka iyo [[diagnostics|baaritaannada]] ayaa si kastaba ha atte ha laga heli karaa Monkey Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Medical Times&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imt.ie/news/2008/06/life_as_a_gp_in_malawi_the_war.html |title=Life as a GP in Malawi —the warm heart of Africa |accessdate=20 June 2008 |date=10 June 2008 |last=Collins |first=Dr. Martina |work=[[Irish Medical Times]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Sharciga iyo militariga===
Monkey Bay waxay leedahay saldhig booliis. Waxa kale oo ay tahay xarunta dhexe ee ciidanka [[marine (military)|badda]] ee [[Army of Malawi|Ciidanka Malawi]] oo ka kooban 220 askari.&lt;ref name=&quot;IOL&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=84&amp;art_id=nw20070410091551635C986579|title=Divers search for bodies in Lake Malawi|date=10 April 2008|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Naval Institute&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJunjRvplU4C|title=The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft and Systems|accessdate=20 June 2008|year=2007|publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]|last=Wertheim|first=Eric|authorlink=Eric Wertheim|isbn=978-1-59114-955-2|page=452}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dalxiiska==
Monkey Bay waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay &quot;goobta ugu caansan dalka&quot; by ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Mywire&quot;/&gt; iyo ''[[Factiva]]'' waxay Monkey Bay ku tilmaamaysaa &quot;goobta dalxiis ee ugu caansan&quot; ee Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Factiva&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://moreresults.factiva.com/results/index/index.aspx?ref=LQAF000020060310e23a000h3|title=Floods cause chaos in Malawi, Mozambique|date=10 March 2006|accessdate=20 June 2008|publisher=[[Factiva]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aagga wuxuu leeyahay &quot;xeebo ciid ah iyo kalluun kulaylaha ah&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Angola&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=423875 |title=Heavy flooding causes havoc in Malawi |date=22 March 2008 |accessdate=20 June 2008 |work=AngolaPress }}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna caan ku yahay dalxiisayaasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;IOL&quot;/&gt; Waxaa Monkey Bay ku yaal dugsiyo quusid, si kastaba ha atte ha, sida uu qabo Daily Telegraph, dugsiyada waxaa dalxiisayaashu u arkaan kuwo liita.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph diving&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/721218/Malawi-Flying-under-water.html?pageNum=3|title=Malawi: Flying under water|date=5 February 2001|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Isaacson|first=Rupert}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaaladu waa sidoo kale goob laga sii maro [[Cape Maclear]].

==Dadka==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
! Sannad
! Dadka&lt;ref name=&quot;World Gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=dq&amp;geo=-150|title=World Gazetteer: Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population|accessdate=20 June 2008|work=World Gazetteer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report |publisher=Malawi National Statistical Office |accessdate=25 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-	
| 1987
| 5,649
|-
| 1998 
| 10,749
|-	
| 2008
| 11,246
|-
| 2018
| 14,955
|}

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist|2}}


{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|14|05|S| 34|55|E|region:MW_type:city|display=title}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mbamba Bay</title>
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      <text bytes="3841" sha1="etvnmf4gy7szdqmnll7xppkiwao75jk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Mbamba Bay
|other_name             = Mbampa&lt;ref&gt;{{GEOnet2|32FA88193C4D3774E0440003BA962ED3|Mbampa (Variant)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|Hay'adda Sirdoonka Juqraafiyeed ee Qaranka Mareykanka]]&lt;/ref&gt; 
|native_name            =  &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = Magaalo
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          = Mbamba Bay 2012 ufukoni Tamino.jpg
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = 
|image_map              =
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = 
|pushpin_map            = Tanzania&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_map_caption    = Goobta ay kaga taal Tanzania
|coordinates            = {{coord|11|17|0|S|034|46|18|E|region:TZ|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       ={{flag|Tanzania}}
|subdivision_type1      =[[Regions of Tanzania|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1      =[[Ruvuma Region]]
|subdivision_type2      =[[Districts of Tanzania|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      =[[Mbinga District]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       = 
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =metric &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = 
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2002
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 
|population_density_km2         =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset             = +3
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            = 471
|elevation_ft           = &lt;!-- accord. to Google Earth--&gt;
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =[[Unique Feature Identifier|UFI]]
|blank_info             =-2568444
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}
'''Mbamba Bay'''&lt;ref&gt;{{GEOnet2|32FA88193C4E3774E0440003BA962ED3|Mbamba Bay (Approved)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|Hay'adda Sirdoonka Juqraafiyeed ee Qaranka Mareykanka]]&lt;/ref&gt; waa magaalo ku taal galbeedka [[Tanzania]], waxayna ku fadhidaa xeebta bari ee [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi/Harada Nyasa]].

== Deked ==

Mbamba Bay waxay leedahay qalooc ku yaal dhinaca xeebta harada taas oo laga yaabo inay noqoto deked mustaqbalka.{{fact|date=September 2014}}

== Gaadiidka ==

Oktoobar 2007, waxaa la soo jeediyay in la dhiso laan tareen oo ka bilaabata [[Liganga]] kuna sii jeedda [[Mchuchuma]] ilaa Mbamba Bay.&lt;ref&gt;[[Railway Gazette International]] Nofeembar 2007, bogga 688 &lt;/ref&gt; Mbamba Bay waxay ku xiran tahay [[Nkhata Bay]] oo ku taal Malawi iyadoo loo marayo doonyaha matoorka leh ee loo yaqaan [[dhow]]. 
Waddada [[A19 road (Tanzania)|A19]] ayaa ku xirta [[Mtwara]], Tanzania, oo ku taal xeebta bari.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[Gaadiidka Tanzania]]
* [[Mtwara Development Corridor]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{-}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jasiiradda Likoma</title>
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      <text bytes="9097" sha1="6r2wp4x74sim54tyghsgq1n8no0yb6a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands
| name             = Jasiiradda Likoma
| image_name       = File:Likoma sentinel2.jpg
| image_caption    = Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka [[Sentinel-2]] ee jasiiradda.
| image_size       = 
| map = 
| map_caption = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_link = 
| nickname         = 
| location         = [[Harada Malawi]]
| coordinates      = 
| archipelago      = Jasiiradaha Likoma
| total_islands    = 2
| major_islands    = Likoma, [[Jasiiradda Chizumulu]]
| area_km2         = 18
| highest_mount    = 
| elevation_m      =
| country          = Malawi
| country_admin_divisions_title     = Gobol
| country_admin_divisions           = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1   = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]]
| country_admin_divisions_1         = [[Likoma District|Likoma]]
| country_capital_and_largest_city  = [[Likoma, Malawi|Likoma]]
| population       = 9,000
| population_as_of = 
| density_km2      = 500
| ethnic_groups    = 
| additional_info  =
| map_image={{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape}}
|waterbody=Harada Malawi}}
'''Jasiiradda Likoma''' waa tan ugu weyn labada jasiiradood ee ku yaal [[Harada Malawi]], ee [[Bariga Afrika]], tan yarina waa jasiiradda u dhow ee [[Chizumulu]]. Likoma iyo Chizumulu labaduba waxay ka tirsan yihiin dalka Malawi, waxayna wada samaystaan [[Degmada Likoma]]. Inkasta oo labada jasiiradood ay dhawr kiiloomitir u jiraan dalka [[Mozambique]], ayna gebi ahaanba ku dhex yaallaan [[biyaha dhuleed]] ee Mozambique, haddana waa laba [[deegaan go'doon]] (exclaves) oo ka tirsan [[Malawi]].

==Juqraafiga==
Jasiiraddu waxay leedahay baaxad dhan 18 km², waxayna ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee Harada Malawi, 7 km dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Cobue]], Mozambique. Magaalada ugu dhow ee ku taal xeebta Malawi waa [[Chintheche]].

==Taariikhda==
Deganaanshaha jasiiradda wuxuu bilaabmay natiijada ka dhalatay ganacsiga addoonta, taas oo dadkii deegaanka ku kalliftay inay u qaxaan jasiiradda iyagoo u arkay meel ay magan galaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malarial prophylaxis in small isolated communities in central Africa / by R. Howard. |url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vzmrzg3t/items |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Wellcome Collection |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1884-tii, dadka diinta faafiya (Missionaries) oo ka socday [[Universities' Mission to Central Africa]], iyagoo ka jawaabaya baaq uu diray [[David Livingstone]], ayaa xaruntoodii ka samaystay jasiiradda Likoma. Sababo la xiriira joogitaanka dadka diinta faafiya ee Ingiriiska awgood, jasiiradda waxaa loo qoondeeyay Malawi halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd Mozambique markii xuduudaha qaranka ee Bariga Afrika la aas-aasay ka dib [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]].

==Deegaanka dabiiciga ah==
In kasta oo ay dadku ku badan yihiin, deegaanka dabiiciga ah ee jasiiradda Likoma waa mid aan weli la taaban. Xeebtu waa mid kala duwan, leh jiirar dhagaxyo leh, gacmo ciid ah iyo dhulal qoyan. Gudaha jasiiradda waxaa inta badan daboolay [[dhul-daaqsimeed]], iyadoo ay ku yaallaan tiro badan oo geedaha baobabka ah (nooca ''[[Adansonia digitata]]'') iyo geedaha [[Mangifera indica|cambaha]]. Xayawaanku waxay u badan yihiin [[xamaarato]] yaryar, [[noolayaal laban-nool ah]] (amphibians), [[shimbirro]] iyo tiro [[noolayaal laf-dhabar la'aan ah]], oo ay ku jiraan [[caaro-qadow]] (scorpion spiders). Xeebta, [[yaxaas]] ayaa mararka qaarkood la arkaa. Biyaha ku hareeraysan Likoma, sida caadada u ah Harada Malawi, waxay hoy u yihiin [[kalluunka cichlids]]; noocyada qaarkood, sida ''[[Labidochromis caeruleus|Labidochromis caeruleus likomae]]'', waa kuwa ku gaar ah (endemism) aagga Likoma.

==Dadka==
Likoma waa meel dadku ku badan yihiin, iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin ilaa 10,500 oo qof oo ku kala firirsan daraasiin tuulooyin ah, kuwaas oo tan ugu weyn ay tahay magaalada magaca la midka ah ee [[Likoma, Malawi|Likoma]]; jasiiradda u dhow ee Chizumulu waxaa ku nool 4,000 oo qof oo kale. Qowmiyadaha ugu badan waa dadka [[Chewa people|Nyanja]] (60%) iyo dadka [[Tonga people of Malawi|Tonga]] (25%), waxaana ku xiga kooxo yaryar oo [[Tumbuka]], [[Yao]], iyo [[Chewa]]. Hawlahooda ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaale waa [[kalluumaysi]], inkasta oo beeruhu (gaar ahaan [[bariis]] iyo [[kassava]]) sidoo kale ay ka mid yihiin. Magaalada Mbamba waxay martigelisaa suuq mashquul badan. Waxa kale oo ay tahay goobta ay ku taal [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[St Peter's Cathedral, Likoma|Kaniisadda St Peter]], taas oo ka mid ah kaniisadaha ugu waaweyn Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malawi Tours and Safaris {{!}} View Rates and Prices (2020) : MoAfrika Tours|url=https://www.moafrikatours.com/malawi-safaris|website=MoAfrika|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sababo la xiriira [[saboolnimo]] iyo isbitaallo ku filan oo la'aan, xaaladda [[caafimaadka guud]] ee jasiiradda waa mid halis ah, in kasta oo [[duumada]] (taas oo ku baahsan Malawi) aan laga soo werinin. Sannadkii 2005-6, Likoma waxay ahayd mawduuca daraasad cilmiyeed oo ku saabsan [[cudurrada faafa]] ee [[HIV]] iyo cudurrada kale ee galmada lagu kala qaado.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Helleringer |first=Stéphane |last2=Mkandawire |first2=James |last3=Kalilani-Phiri |first3=Linda |last4=Kohler |first4=Hans-Peter |date=April 2014 |title=Cohort Profile: The Likoma Network Study (LNS) |url=https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ije/dyt001 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=545–557 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyt001 |issn=1464-3685 |pmc=3997370 |pmid=23543589}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo horumarka dhaqaale ee Likoma uu yar yahay, haddana waxaa jira dhawr dugsi oo u adeega dhammaan tuulooyinka, sidaas darteedna [[aqrinta iyo qorista]] ayaa ku baahsan.

==Kaabayaasha iyo gaadiidka==
Likoma ma laha waddooyin laami ah, waxaana jira [[baabuur]] aad u yar. [[Koronto]] waxaa bixiya matoor iyo banki qorraxda (solar bank). Tani waxay jasiiradda siisaa koronto 24 saac ah, marka laga reebo 1-5 daqiiqo oo ku beegan 10-ka habeenimo, marka ay beddelayaan isha korontada. Waxaa jasiiradda ka jira [[shabakad telefoon]] oo yar, in kasta oo telefoonada laftoodu ay yihiin kuwo dhif ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The islands of the lake|url=http://sianandsteve.weebly.com/the-islands-of-the-lake.html|website=Kaya Papaya|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Likoma]] waa waddo diyaaradeed laami ah oo ku taal jasiiradda waxaana laga gaari karaa diyaarad laga soo raaco [[Lilongwe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The islands of the lake|url=http://sianandsteve.weebly.com/the-islands-of-the-lake.html|website=Kaya Papaya|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gaadiidka ugu muhiimsan ee jasiiraddu waa {{MV|Ilala}} [[Steamboat|markab uumiga]] oo ku wareega Harada Malawi, isagoo istaaga tuulooyinka ugu waaweyn iyo jasiiradaha. {{MV|Chambo}} ayaa ku xira jasiiradda magaalada Nkhata Bay ee dhinaca galbeed ee harada hal mar todobaadkii. Doonyaha yaryar (oo ay ku jiraan [[dhow]]s) ayaa ka gudba [[gacanka]] u dhexeeya Likoma iyo Chizumulu, iyo sidoo kale inta u dhexeysa Likoma iyo [[Cobue]] ee Mozambique. Alaabta iyo dadkuba waxaa lagu qaadaa waddooyinkan.

Likoma waa goob dalxiis oo leh dhawr hudheel iyo hoyga dadka dhabarka boorsada ku xambaarta (backpacker hostels), kuwaas oo inta badan ku salaysan mabaadi'da [[dalxiiska deegaanka]]. Biyaha ku hareeraysan Likoma waxay taageeraan [[snorkelling]] iyo [[quusid]].

==Dad caan ah==
[[Sarai Chisala-Tempelhoff]] waxay ku dhalatay halkan ka hor intaysan noqonin qareen hormuud ah.&lt;ref name=champ&gt;{{Cite web |last=MLOZI |first=HOWARD |date=2025-12-14 |title=Sarai Tempelhoff: Championing justice for women |url=https://mwnation.com/sarai-tempelhoff-championing-justice-for-women/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Grace Malenga]] ayaa sidoo kale ku dhalatay halkan ka hor intaysan noqonin mid ka mid ah haweenkii ugu horreeyay ee dhakhaatiir ah ee dalka Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;drmalenga&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malenga |first=Grace |date=September 2007 |title=Retiring gracefully |journal=Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=128–130 |issn=1995-7262 |pmc=3345631 |pmid=23878658}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gallery ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Baobab trees likoma island.jpg|Geedaha baobabka
File:Ilala in Likoma Island.jpg|{{MV|Ilala}}
File:Chiponde.jpg|alt=
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{commons category|Likoma Island}}
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110417063116/http://www.malawitourism.com/Pages/The%20Regions/North/likoma.html Jasiiradda Likoma ee Malawi Tourism]
*[http://www.go2africa.com/malawi/central-lakeshore/likoma-island/ Jasiiradda Likoma ee Go2Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235320/http://www.go2africa.com/malawi/central-lakeshore/likoma-island/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716192559/http://www.tarantism.com/mefloquine/lakemalawi.html Travel diary of Chris Farrell]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130914174849/http://sunriseinnmalawi.com/ Sunrise Inn, Likoma]

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      <text bytes="9099" sha1="cwvbfhd7okg36bk0mopjt2ldkbc4di4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands
| name             = Jasiiradda Likoma
| image_name       = File:Likoma sentinel2.jpg
| image_caption    = Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka [[Sentinel-2]] ee jasiiradda.
| image_size       = 
| map = 
| map_caption = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_link = 
| nickname         = 
| location         = [[Harada Malawi]]
| coordinates      = 
| archipelago      = Jasiiradaha Likoma
| total_islands    = 2
| major_islands    = Likoma, [[Jasiiradda Chizumulu]]
| area_km2         = 18
| highest_mount    = 
| elevation_m      =
| country          = Malawi
| country_admin_divisions_title     = Gobol
| country_admin_divisions           = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1   = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]]
| country_admin_divisions_1         = [[Likoma District|Likoma]]
| country_capital_and_largest_city  = [[Likoma, Malawi|Likoma]]
| population       = 9,000
| population_as_of = 
| density_km2      = 500
| ethnic_groups    = 
| additional_info  =
| map_image={{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape}}
|waterbody=Harada Malawi}}
'''Jasiiradda Likoma''' waa tan ugu weyn labada jasiiradood ee ku yaal [[Harada Malawi]], ee [[Bariga Afrika]], tan yarina waa jasiiradda u dhow ee [[Chizumulu]]. Likoma iyo Chizumulu labaduba waxay ka tirsan yihiin dalka Malawi, waxayna wada samaystaan [[Degmada Likoma]]. Inkasta oo labada jasiiradood ay dhawr kiiloomitir u jiraan dalka [[Mozambique]], ayna gebi ahaanba ku dhex yaallaan [[biyaha dhuleed]] ee Mozambique, haddana waa laba [[deegaan go'doon]] (exclaves) oo ka tirsan [[Malawi]].

==Juqraafiga==
Jasiiraddu waxay leedahay baaxad dhan 18 km², waxayna ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee Harada Malawi, 7 km dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Cobue]], Mozambique. Magaalada ugu dhow ee ku taal xeebta Malawi waa [[Chintheche]].

==Taariikhda==
Deganaanshaha jasiiradda wuxuu bilaabmay natiijada ka dhalatay ganacsiga addoonta, taas oo dadkii deegaanka ku kalliftay inay u qaxaan jasiiradda iyagoo u arkay meel ay magan galaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malarial prophylaxis in small isolated communities in central Africa / by R. Howard. |url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vzmrzg3t/items |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Wellcome Collection |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1884-tii, dadka diinta faafiya (Missionaries) oo ka socday [[Universities' Mission to Central Africa]], iyagoo ka jawaabaya baaq uu diray [[David Livingstone]], ayaa xaruntoodii ka samaystay jasiiradda Likoma. Sababo la xiriira joogitaanka dadka diinta faafiya ee Ingiriiska awgood, jasiiradda waxaa loo qoondeeyay Malawi halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd Mozambique markii xuduudaha qaranka ee Bariga Afrika la aas-aasay ka dib [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]].

==Deegaanka dabiiciga ah==
In kasta oo ay dadku ku badan yihiin, deegaanka dabiiciga ah ee jasiiradda Likoma waa mid aan weli la taaban. Xeebtu waa mid kala duwan, leh jiirar dhagaxyo leh, gacmo ciid ah iyo dhulal qoyan. Gudaha jasiiradda waxaa inta badan daboolay [[dhul-daaqsimeed]], iyadoo ay ku yaallaan tiro badan oo geedaha baobabka ah (nooca ''[[Adansonia digitata]]'') iyo geedaha [[Mangifera indica|cambaha]]. Xayawaanku waxay u badan yihiin [[xamaarato]] yaryar, [[noolayaal laban-nool ah]] (amphibians), [[shimbirro]] iyo tiro [[noolayaal laf-dhabar la'aan ah]], oo ay ku jiraan [[caaro-qadow]] (scorpion spiders). Xeebta, [[yaxaas]] ayaa mararka qaarkood la arkaa. Biyaha ku hareeraysan Likoma, sida caadada u ah Harada Malawi, waxay hoy u yihiin [[kalluunka cichlids]]; noocyada qaarkood, sida ''[[Labidochromis caeruleus|Labidochromis caeruleus likomae]]'', waa kuwa ku gaar ah (endemism) aagga Likoma.

==Dadka==
Likoma waa meel dadku ku badan yihiin, iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin ilaa 10,500 oo qof oo ku kala firirsan daraasiin tuulooyin ah, kuwaas oo tan ugu weyn ay tahay magaalada magaca la midka ah ee [[Likoma, Malawi|Likoma]]; jasiiradda u dhow ee Chizumulu waxaa ku nool 4,000 oo qof oo kale. Qowmiyadaha ugu badan waa dadka [[Chewa people|Nyanja]] (60%) iyo dadka [[Tonga people of Malawi|Tonga]] (25%), waxaana ku xiga kooxo yaryar oo [[Tumbuka]], [[Yao]], iyo [[Chewa]]. Hawlahooda ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaale waa [[kalluumaysi]], inkasta oo beeruhu (gaar ahaan [[bariis]] iyo [[kassava]]) sidoo kale ay ka mid yihiin. Magaalada Mbamba waxay martigelisaa suuq mashquul badan. Waxa kale oo ay tahay goobta ay ku taal [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[St Peter's Cathedral, Likoma|Kaniisadda St Peter]], taas oo ka mid ah kaniisadaha ugu waaweyn Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malawi Tours and Safaris {{!}} View Rates and Prices (2020) : MoAfrika Tours|url=https://www.moafrikatours.com/malawi-safaris|website=MoAfrika|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sababo la xiriira [[saboolnimo]] iyo isbitaallo ku filan oo la'aan, xaaladda [[caafimaadka guud]] ee jasiiradda waa mid halis ah, in kasta oo [[duumada]] (taas oo ku baahsan Malawi) aan laga soo werinin. Sannadkii 2005-6, Likoma waxay ahayd mawduuca daraasad cilmiyeed oo ku saabsan [[cudurrada faafa]] ee [[HIV]] iyo cudurrada kale ee galmada lagu kala qaado.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Helleringer |first=Stéphane |last2=Mkandawire |first2=James |last3=Kalilani-Phiri |first3=Linda |last4=Kohler |first4=Hans-Peter |date=April 2014 |title=Cohort Profile: The Likoma Network Study (LNS) |url=https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ije/dyt001 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |language=en |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=545–557 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyt001 |issn=1464-3685 |pmc=3997370 |pmid=23543589}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo horumarka dhaqaale ee Likoma uu yar yahay, haddana waxaa jira dhawr dugsi oo u adeega dhammaan tuulooyinka, sidaas darteedna [[aqrinta iyo qorista]] ayaa ku baahsan.

==Kaabayaasha iyo gaadiidka==
Likoma ma laha waddooyin laami ah, waxaana jira [[baabuur]] aad u yar. [[Koronto]] waxaa bixiya matoor iyo banki qorraxda (solar bank). Tani waxay jasiiradda siisaa koronto 24 saac ah, marka laga reebo 1-5 daqiiqo oo ku beegan 10-ka habeenimo, marka ay beddelayaan isha korontada. Waxaa jasiiradda ka jira [[shabakad telefoon]] oo yar, in kasta oo telefoonada laftoodu ay yihiin kuwo dhif ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The islands of the lake|url=http://sianandsteve.weebly.com/the-islands-of-the-lake.html|website=Kaya Papaya|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Likoma]] waa waddo diyaaradeed laami ah oo ku taal jasiiradda waxaana laga gaari karaa diyaarad laga soo raaco [[Lilongwe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The islands of the lake|url=http://sianandsteve.weebly.com/the-islands-of-the-lake.html|website=Kaya Papaya|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gaadiidka ugu muhiimsan ee jasiiraddu waa {{MV|Ilala}} [[Steamboat|markab uumiga]] oo ku wareega Harada Malawi, isagoo istaaga tuulooyinka ugu waaweyn iyo jasiiradaha. {{MV|Chambo}} ayaa ku xira jasiiradda magaalada Nkhata Bay ee dhinaca galbeed ee harada hal mar todobaadkii. Doonyaha yaryar (oo ay ku jiraan [[dhow]]s) ayaa ka gudba [[gacanka]] u dhexeeya Likoma iyo Chizumulu, iyo sidoo kale inta u dhexeysa Likoma iyo [[Cobue]] ee Mozambique. Alaabta iyo dadkuba waxaa lagu qaadaa waddooyinkan.

Likoma waa goob dalxiis oo leh dhawr hudheel iyo hoyga dadka dhabarka boorsada ku xambaarta (backpacker hostels), kuwaas oo inta badan ku salaysan mabaadi'da [[dalxiiska deegaanka]]. Biyaha ku hareeraysan Likoma waxay taageeraan [[snorkelling]] iyo [[quusid]].

==Dad caan ah==
[[Sarai Chisala-Tempelhoff]] waxay ku dhalatay halkan ka hor intaysan noqonin qareen hormuud ah.&lt;ref name=champ&gt;{{Cite web |last=MLOZI |first=HOWARD |date=2025-12-14 |title=Sarai Tempelhoff: Championing justice for women |url=https://mwnation.com/sarai-tempelhoff-championing-justice-for-women/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Grace Malenga]] ayaa sidoo kale ku dhalatay halkan ka hor intaysan noqonin mid ka mid ah haweenkii ugu horreeyay ee dhakhaatiir ah ee dalka Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;drmalenga&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Malenga |first=Grace |date=September 2007 |title=Retiring gracefully |journal=Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=128–130 |issn=1995-7262 |pmc=3345631 |pmid=23878658}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sawirrada ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Baobab trees likoma island.jpg|Geedaha baobabka
File:Ilala in Likoma Island.jpg|{{MV|Ilala}}
File:Chiponde.jpg|alt=
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{commons category|Likoma Island}}
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110417063116/http://www.malawitourism.com/Pages/The%20Regions/North/likoma.html Jasiiradda Likoma ee Malawi Tourism]
*[http://www.go2africa.com/malawi/central-lakeshore/likoma-island/ Jasiiradda Likoma ee Go2Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235320/http://www.go2africa.com/malawi/central-lakeshore/likoma-island/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716192559/http://www.tarantism.com/mefloquine/lakemalawi.html Travel diary of Chris Farrell]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130914174849/http://sunriseinnmalawi.com/ Sunrise Inn, Likoma]

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&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt; 
&lt;!-- Basic info ----------------&gt; |official_name = Karonga
|other_name = 
|native_name = &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt; 
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&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt; 
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|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Karonga District]] 
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&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt; 
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&lt;!-- Population -----------------------&gt; 
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'''Karonga''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Karonga District|Degmada Karonga]] ee [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee dalka [[Malawi]] oo ku taal koonfur-bari Afrika. Waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee [[Lake Nyasa|Harada Malawi]], waxaana la aasaasay xarun addoonsi ka hor 1877-kii. Sida lagu sheegay qiyaasihii 2018, Karonga waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso 61,609. Luuqadda ugu weyn ee lagaga hadlo degmadan waa luuqadda [[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]], taas oo sidoo kale ah luuqad goboleedka [[Northern Region, Malawi|Waqooyiga Malawi]].

==Taariikhda==
Qalabkii hore ee taariikhda iyo haraaga aadanaha ee laga helay degmada Karonga ee waqooyiga fog ee Malawi ayaa bixinaya caddayn dheeraad ah in aaggu uu noqon karo halkii uu aadanuhu ka soo jeeday. Professor [[Friedemann Schrenk]] oo ka tirsan [[Goethe University Frankfurt|Jaamacadda Goethe]] ee [[Frankfurt]] ayaa u sheegay [[Reuters|Wakaaladda Wararka ee Reuters]] in laba arday oo ka shaqaynayay goobta qodista bishii Sebtembar 2009 ay heleen qalab taariikhi ah iyo ilko ka tirsan aadanaha hore. &quot;Helitaankan ugu dambeeyay ee qalabka taariikhiga ah iyo haraaga aadanaha ayaa caddayn dheeraad ah u ah aragtida ah in Dooxada Great Rift ee Afrika iyo laga yaabo in goobta qodista ee u dhow Karonga loo tixgeliyo inay tahay halkii aadanuhu ka soo jeeday.&quot; ayuu yiri Schrenk. Goobtu waxa kale oo ay ku jirtaa qaar ka mid ah dinosauradii ugu horreeyay ee noolaa intii u dhaxaysay 100 milyan iyo 140 milyan oo sano ka hor iyo aadanaha hore oo la aaminsan yahay inay noolaayeen intii u dhaxaysay hal milyan iyo 6 milyan oo sano ka hor. Helitaanka ayaa ahaa goobta qodista ee Malema {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} u jirta Karonga.&lt;ref name=Banda&gt;{{cite news|last1=Banda|first1=Mabvuto|title=Malawi could be the cradle of humankind|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malawi-hominids-idUSTRE59M40820091023|access-date=31 August 2014|work=Science|agency=Reuters|date=23 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Marka la eego taariikhda dhow ee hore, Karonga waxay leedahay hanti badan oo [[Pleistocene]] iyo [[Holocene]] ah oo qadiimi ah kuwaas oo taariikhaysan gaar ahaan da'da dhagaxa dhexe iyo kan dambe, iyo sidoo kale da'da birta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/gea.21469 | volume=29 | title=Renewed Geoarchaeological Investigations of Mwanganda's Village (Elephant Butchery Site), Karonga, Malawi | journal=Geoarchaeology | pages=98–120 | last1 = Wright | first1 = David K.| year=2014 | issue=2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka hor 1877-kii, Karonga waxay jirtay iyadoo ahayd saldhigga Mlozi, oo ahaa ganacsade caan ah oo Carab ah oo addoonka iibiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312634/Karonga|title=Karonga|date=2008|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=8 August 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1883-kii waxaa halkaas laga furay goob ganacsi oo Ingiriisi ah, taas oo aasaas u ahayd magaalada casriga ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt; Sahamiye Ingiriisi ah Sir [[Harry Johnston]] ayaa iibsaday goobtaas 1895-kii wuxuuna joojiyay ganacsigii addoonta ee xeebta galbeed ee Harada Nyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt; Waqtigan, Karonga waxay noqotay xarun ganacsi iyo beeraha oo muhiim ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt; Sida uu qabo ''[[Lonely Planet]]'', magaaladu &quot;wali waxay haysaa saamaynta xooggan ee [[Swahili-Arabs|Sawaaxili-Carabta]] maanta.&quot;&lt;ref name=Murphy159&gt;{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|p=159}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[file:Nyungwe CDSS Malawi.jpg|thumb|Shaybaarka kumbuyuutarka ee Dugsiga Sare ee Nyungwe CDSS sanadkii 2018]]
Dugsiga Sare ee Gabdhaha Karonga ayaa furmay bartamaha magaalada 1998-kii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Mamie Martin Info leaflet |url=https://www.scotland-malawipartnership.org/assets/documents/member/MMF_info_Leaflet.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2023 waxaa jiray walaac ah in gabdhaha looga reebay waxbarashada sababtoo ah ma jirin lacag ku filan oo lagu daboolo waxbarashadooda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-30 |title=CDF bursary eludes needy students |url=https://mwnation.com/cdf-bursary-eludes-needy-students/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dugsiga Sare ee Nyungwe CDSS wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah sagaal dugsi oo loo doortay inay helaan telefishinada HD iyo tablet-yada taas oo qayb ka ah dadaal ay wadeen [[Airtel Africa|Airtel Malawi]] iyo UNICEF. Qorshuhu wuxuu ku jiray helitaanka internetka iyo adeegsi bilaash ah oo shan goobood oo waxbarasho ah. Mashruuca waxaa amaanay wasiirka waxbarashada [[Madalitso Wirima Kambauwa|Madalitso Wirima]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mwale |first=Winston |date=2023-08-01 |title=Airtel Malawi, UNICEF Announce Groundbreaking Project to Equip Schools with Cutting-Edge Technology |url=https://africabrief.substack.com/p/airtel-malawi-unicef-announce-groundbreaking |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=AfricaBrief}}&lt;/ref&gt;

11-kii Luulyo 2008, [[Kayelekera mine|macdanta Kayelekera]] ee Karonga waxay u dabaaldegtay 1.5 milyan oo saacadood oo ah macdanta yuraaniyaamta oo aan shil lahayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;mine&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Government applauds Kayelekera on safety |last=Tayanjah|first=Francis|author2=Namwaza, Gerald|date=11 June 2008|work=The Daily Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Falanqeeyayaasha&quot; waxay sheeganayaan in tani ay tahay guul naadir ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;mine&quot;/&gt; Macdantu waxay horey ula kulantay muran sababtoo ah dadka oo u soo bandhigtay shucaac.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200709070883.html|title=Torn Between the Lure And Danger of Uranium|date=6 September 2007|work=UN Integrated Regional Information Networks|publisher=[[AllAfrica]]|access-date=2008-08-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii Diseembar 2009 aaggu wuxuu la kulmay [[2009 Karonga earthquakes|taxane dhulgariirro ah]].

==Juqraafiga==
Karonga waxay ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1568|ft|m|order=flip}} xeebta galbeed ee [[Lake Nyasa|Harada Nyasa]]. Waxay ku taal {{convert|17+1/4|mi|km|order=flip|round=0.5}} oo u jirta [[Kenan Ngomba]], {{convert|11|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} oo u jirta [[Kaporo, Malawi|Kaporo]], {{convert|26+1/2|mi|km|round=0.5|order=flip|abbr=on}} oo u jirta [[Kilondo]] iyo {{convert|7+1/2|mi|km|round=0.5|order=flip|abbr=on}} oo u jirta [[Lupembe]].&lt;ref name=FR&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Karonga.html |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Karonga, Malawi |work=FallingRain Genomics |access-date=21 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka==
[[File:Edicas Nachinga with her orphaned grandchildren (4993106936).jpg|thumbnail|Edicas Nachinga iyo carruurta ay awowga u tahay ee Karonga, 2010]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
! Sannad
! Dadka&lt;ref name=&quot;World Gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=dq&amp;geo=-150 |title=World Gazetteer: Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |access-date=8 July 2008 |work=World Gazetteer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223224/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=dq&amp;geo=-150 |archive-date= 27 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2018&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1977
| 11,873
|-	
| 1987
| 19,667
|-
| 1998 
| 27,811
|-	
| 2008 
| 40,334
|-
| 2018
| 61,609
|}
{{historical populations|11=1977|12=11,873|13=1987|14=19,667|15=1998|16=27,811|17=2008|18=40,334|19=2018|20=61,609|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Malawi: Regions, Major Cities, Towns &amp; Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/malawi/cities/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=www.citypopulation.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;|align=right}}

===Luuqadaha===
[[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]] waxaa inta badan looga isticmaalaa Karonga guriga iyo dugsiga labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Baldauf|Kaplan|2004|p=134}}&lt;/ref&gt; Karonga waxaa loo yaqaanaa &quot;''jasiirad ka mid ah luuqadda iyo dhaqanka Tumbuka ee badda dadka Tumbuka iyo Ngonde''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Baldauf|Kaplan|2004|p=88}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dhaqaalaha==
Dhaqaalaha aaggu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay suufka, bariiska iyo galleyda oo laga soo saaro harada iyo kafee iyo xoolaha dhinaca galbeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt; Dadka reer Karonga waxay ku tiirsan yihiin kalluumaysiga nolol-maalmeedka.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt;

==Cimilada==

Cimilada Karonga waxaa loo kala saaraa [[tropical climate|cimilada kulaylaha]]. Xagaaga ayaa aad u roob badan marka loo eego jiilaalka Karonga. Cimilada halkan waxaa u kala saaray Aw nidaamka [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger]]. Karonga, celceliska heerkulka sannadlaha ah waa 25.6 °C (78.8 °F).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Karonga climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Karonga weather averages - Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/africa/malawi/southern/karonga-926117/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=en.climate-data.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Weather box
|location = Karonga
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan high C = 29.6
|Feb high C = 29.6
|Mar high C = 29.3
|Apr high C = 29.0
|May high C = 28.7
|Jun high C = 27.6
|Jul high C = 27.3
|Aug high C = 28.3
|Sep high C = 30.6
|Oct high C = 32.5
|Nov high C = 32.4
|Dec high C = 30.5
|year high C = 29.6
|Jan mean C = 24.9
|Feb mean C = 25.0
|Mar mean C = 24.7
|Apr mean C = 24.6
|May mean C = 23.6
|Jun mean C = 22.2
|Jul mean C = 21.7
|Aug mean C = 22.4
|Sep mean C = 24.3
|Oct mean C = 26.4
|Nov mean C = 27.0
|Dec mean C = 25.7
|year mean C = 24.4
|Jan low C = 21.8
|Feb low C = 21.7
|Mar low C = 21.5
|Apr low C = 21.3
|May low C = 19.9
|Jun low C = 17.9
|Jul low C = 17.0
|Aug low C = 17.6
|Sep low C = 19.4
|Oct low C = 21.9
|Nov low C = 23.0
|Dec low C = 22.4
|year low C = 20.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 132.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 120.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 206.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 130.0
|May precipitation mm = 19.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 0.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 1.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 39.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 149.0
|year precipitation mm = 799.3
|Jan humidity = 79
|Feb humidity = 80
|Mar humidity = 82
|Apr humidity = 80
|May humidity = 74
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 65
|Aug humidity = 64
|Sep humidity = 60
|Oct humidity = 56
|Nov humidity = 62
|Dec humidity = 75
|year humidity = 70
|Jan sun = 176.7
|Feb sun = 170.8
|Mar sun = 207.7
|Apr sun = 222.0
|May sun = 254.2
|Jun sun = 264.0
|Jul sun = 285.2
|Aug sun = 306.9
|Sep sun = 306.0
|Oct sun = 319.3
|Nov sun = 273.0
|Dec sun = 213.9
|year sun = 2999.7
|Jand sun = 5.7
|Febd sun = 6.1
|Mard sun = 6.7
|Aprd sun = 7.4
|Mayd sun = 8.2
|Jund sun = 8.8
|Juld sun = 9.2
|Augd sun = 9.9
|Sepd sun = 10.2
|Octd sun = 10.3
|Novd sun = 9.1
|Decd sun = 6.9
|yeard sun = 
|source 1 = NOAA&lt;ref name= NOAA&gt;{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/MW/67423.TXT
| server = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| title = Karonga Climate Normals 1961–1990
| access-date = 8 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date=March 2015
}}

==Farshaxan iyo dhaqan==
[[Cultural &amp; Museum Centre Karonga]] waa meesha ugu caansan ee dalxiisayaasha ee Karonga.&lt;ref name=Murphy177&gt;{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|p=177}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay hoy u tahay [[Malawisaurus]], fosil 150 milyan oo sano jir ah oo laga helay {{convert|45|km}} koonfurta degmada.&lt;ref name=Murphy177/&gt; Waxay soo bandhigtaa bandhig cinwaankiisu yahay &quot;Laga soo bilaabo Dinosaurs ilaa Dimuqraadiyadda&quot;, kaas oo diiwaangeliya taariikhda aagga.&lt;ref name=Murphy177/&gt;

==Kaabayaasha==
Karonga waxay hoy u tahay [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Karonga]]&lt;ref name=FR/&gt; kaas oo kaliya maareeya duullimaadyada gudaha ee maalintii ee [[Air Malawi]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.azworldairports.com/airports/a2020kgj.cfm a-z World Airports], la galay 9 Agoosto 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Baska ayaa ka socda Mzuzu iyo Nkhata Bay ilaa Karonga iyadoo la isticmaalayo wadada M1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Murphy|Armstrong|Firestone|Fitzpatrick|2007|pp=188&amp;ndash;233}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Fiiro gaar ah==
{{reflist}}

==Tixraacyo==
*{{cite book |last1=Baldauf|first1=Richard B.|last2=Kaplan|first2=Robert B.|title=Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa|publisher=Multilingual Matters|volume=1|date=2004|isbn=1-85359-725-2|oclc=56751169}}
*{{cite book |last1=Murphy|first1=Alan|last2=Armstrong|first2=Kate|last3=Firestone|first3=Mathew D.|last4=Fitzpatrick|first4=Mary|title=Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|date=2007|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|oclc=76936284}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Wright|first1=David|title=Renewed geoarchaeological investigations of Mwanganda's Village (Elephant Butchery Site), Karonga, Malawi|journal=Geoarchaeology|date=2014|volume=29 | issue = 2|pages=98–120|doi=10.1002/gea.21469|doi-access=free}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Commons category|Karonga, Malawi}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>MV Chambo</title>
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|section2={{Infobox ship/career
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 | name                = ''Chambo''
 | owner               = 
 | operator            = Shirkadda Maraakiibta ee Malawi
 | registry            = {{Flagicon|Malawi}} [[Nkhata Bay]]
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 | status              = adeegga ayuu ku jiraa
 | notes               = 
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|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header              = 
 | header_caption           = 
 | class               = 
 | tonnage             = 
 | displacement        = 
 | length              = {{cvt|32|m|ftin}}
 | beam                = {{cvt|7|m|ftin}}
 | height              = 
 | draught             = 
 | draft               = 
 | depth               = 
 | decks               = 
 | deck_clearance      = 
 | ramps               = 
 | power               = 2 × Caterpillar C32 TTA [[diesel engine|matoorada naaftada]]
 | propulsion          = maroojin (screw)
 | speed               = {{convert|22|kn|lk=in}}
 | capacity            = 100 rakaab ah; 10 tan oo xamuul ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.malawitourism.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=164 |title=Ilala &amp; Malawi Shipping Company - Lilongwe |access-date=2015-01-22 |archive-date=2015-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132105/http://www.malawitourism.com/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=164 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
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'''MV ''Chambo''''' waa [[markab rakaab]] oo ka hawlgala [[Harada Malawi]]. Waxaa loogu magac daray magaca maxalliga ah ee [[cichlid]]s-ka ku nool harada, ''Chambo''. Sababtoo ah {{MV|Ilala}} ayaa si joogto ah u maqan adeegga si loogu sameeyo dayactir, ''Chambo'' ayaa la helay sannadkii 2013 si loo hubiyo adeeg aan kala go' lahayn oo u dhexeeya dhinaca Malawi ee harada, xeebta Mozambique iyo [[Jasiiradda Likoma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/new-vessel-to-replace-ilala-on-lake-malawi-its-mv-chambo/ |title=New vessel to replace Ilala on Lake Malawi: It's MV Chambo |work=Nyasa Times |date= 7 December 2013 |accessdate=11 June 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122131910/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2013/12/07/new-vessel-to-replace-ilala-on-lake-malawi-its-mv-chambo/ |archivedate=22 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gaadiidka ayaa fuuli kara markabka iyagoo isticmaalaya buurka ku yaal xagga hore ee markabka.

Markabka ayaa laga saaray adeegga intii lagu jiray masiibadii COVID-19 markii la dabaqay xannibaadaha xuduudaha. Markabku wuxuu dib ugu soo laabtay adeegga sannadkii 2024 isagoo bixinaya awood dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay rakaabka harada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 October 2024 |title=Good news! MV Chambo back on Lake Malawi waters |work=Nyasa Times |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/good-news-mv-chambo-back-on-lake-malawi-waters/ |access-date=11 June 2025 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chambo}}</text>
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     | doublet   = [[Doublet earthquake|Dhulgariir labanlaab ah]]:{{nbsp|4}}
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     | {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
        | &lt;!-- Not required if pre-1900 .  Else: --&gt;
        | &lt;includeonly&gt;{{red|??}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
          {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}} 
           | [[Category:EQ articles needing UTC timestamp]]
          }}
       }}
    }}
 }} &lt;!-- timestamp --&gt;

&lt;!-- Only for 'doublet earthquakes' and similar segmented events.
  -- Not for aftershocks, swarms, or series! 
  --&gt;
| label3 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data3 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-A|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{{timestamp-A|}}}
 }}

| label4 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data4 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-B|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{{timestamp-B|}}}
 }}

| label5 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data5 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-C|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{{timestamp-C|}}}
 }}

| label6 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data6 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-D|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{{timestamp-D|}}}
 }}

| label7 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data7 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-E|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{{timestamp-E|}}}
 }}
&lt;!-- The ISC lists only a single instance of a five-part event. No more are needed. --&gt;
&lt;!-- ................................  --&gt;

&lt;!--  ------ ISC event -----  --&gt;
| label10 = Dhacdada [[International Seismological Centre|ISC]]
|  data10 = 
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event|}}} | n/a
  | n/a {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles with ISC set 'n/a']]}}
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event|}}}
     | {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event}}} }}
     | {{#if: {{{isc-event-A|}}} 
        | &amp;nbsp; &lt;!-- if isc-event-A present: display label w/ blank data  --&gt;
        | {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
           | &lt;!-- Not required if pre-1900 --&gt;
           | {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles waiting for ISC event id]]}}
          }}
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label11 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data11 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-A|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-A|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-A|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label12 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data12 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-B|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-B|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-B|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label13 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data13 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-C|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-C|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-C|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label14 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data14 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-D|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-D|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-D|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label15 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data15 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-E|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-E|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-E|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

&lt;!-- ................................  --&gt;
&lt;!--  ----- ANSS -----  --&gt;
| label20 = USGS-[[Advanced National Seismic System|ANSS]]
|  data20 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{anss-url|}}} | n/a
  | n/a {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles with ANSS set 'n/a']]}}
  | {{#if: {{{anss-url|}}}
     | {{#ifeq: http | {{str left|{{{anss-url}}}|4}}
        | [{{{anss-url}}} ComCat]
        | [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/{{{anss-url}}} ComCat]
       }}
     | {{#if: {{{anss-url-A|}}}
        | &amp;nbsp; &lt;!-- if anss-url-A present: display label w/ blank data  --&gt;
        | {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
           | &lt;!-- Not required if pre-1900, and don't display if empty --&gt;
           | {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles needing ANSS url]]}}
&lt;!--   {{red|&lt;small&gt;[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes url required.]&lt;small&gt;}}
  --&gt;
          }}
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label21 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data21 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{anss-url-A|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{anss-url-A|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{#ifeq: http | {{str left|{{{anss-url-A}}}|4}}
        | [{{{anss-url-A}}} ComCat]
        | [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/{{{anss-url-A}}} ComCat]
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label22 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data22 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{anss-url-B|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{anss-url-B|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{#ifeq: http | {{str left|{{{anss-url-B}}}|4}}
        | [{{{anss-url-B}}} ComCat]
        | [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/{{{anss-url-B}}} ComCat]
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label23 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data23 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{anss-url-C|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{anss-url-C|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{#ifeq: http | {{str left|{{{anss-url-C}}}|4}}
        | [{{{anss-url-C}}} ComCat]
        | [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/{{{anss-url-C}}} ComCat]
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label24 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data24 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{anss-url-D|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{anss-url-D|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{#ifeq: http | {{str left|{{{anss-url-D}}}|4}}
        | [{{{anss-url-D}}} ComCat]
        | [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/{{{anss-url-D}}} ComCat]
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label25 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data25 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{anss-url-E|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{anss-url-E|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{#ifeq: http | {{str left|{{{anss-url-E}}}|4}}
        | [{{{anss-url-E}}} ComCat]
        | [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/{{{anss-url-E}}} ComCat]
       }}
    }}
 }}

&lt;!--  ----- Local date -----  --&gt;
| label30 = Taariikhda deegaanka
|  data30 =
 {{#if: {{{local-date|}}}
  | {{{local-date}}}
  | {{#if: {{{local-date-A|}}}
     | &amp;nbsp;
     | {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
        | &lt;!-- Not required if pre-1900 --&gt;
        | {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles needing 'local-date']]}}
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label31 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data31 =
 {{#if: {{{local-date-A|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{{local-date-A|}}}
 }}

| label32 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data32 =
 {{#if: {{{local-date-B|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{{local-date-B|}}}
 }}

| label33 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data33 =
 {{#if: {{{local-date-C|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{{local-date-C|}}}
 }}

| label34 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data34 =
 {{#if: {{{local-date-D|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{{local-date-D|}}}
 }}

| label35 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data35 =
 {{#if: {{{local-date-E|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{{local-date-E|}}}
 }}

&lt;!--  ----- Local time -----  --&gt;
| label40 = Wakhtiga deegaanka
|  data40 = 
 {{#if: {{{local-time|}}}
  | {{{local-time}}}
  | {{#if: {{{local-time-A|}}}
     | &amp;nbsp;
     | {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
        | &lt;!-- Not required if pre-1900 --&gt;
        | {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles needing 'local-time']]}}
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label41 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data41 =
 {{#if: {{{local-time-A|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{{local-time-A|}}}
 }}

| label42 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data42 =
 {{#if: {{{local-time-B|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{{local-time-B|}}}
 }}

| label43 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data43 =
 {{#if: {{{local-time-C|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{{local-time-C|}}}
 }}

| label44 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data44 =
 {{#if: {{{local-time-D|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{{local-time-D|}}}
 }}

| label45 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data45 =
 {{#if: {{{local-time-E|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{{local-time-E|}}}
 }}

&lt;!-- ................................  --&gt;

| label49  = Muddada
|  data49  = {{{duration|}}}

&lt;!--  ------ Magnitude -----  --&gt;
| label50  = Qiyaasta (Magnitude)
|  data50  = 
 {{#if: {{{magnitude|}}}
  | {{{magnitude|}}}
  | {{#if: {{{magnitude-A|}}}
     | &amp;nbsp;
    }}
 }}

| label51 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data51 =
 {{#if: {{{magnitude-A|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{{magnitude-A|}}}
 }}

| label52 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data52 =
 {{#if: {{{magnitude-B|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{{magnitude-B|}}}
 }}

| label53 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data53 =
 {{#if: {{{magnitude-C|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{{magnitude-C|}}}
 }}

| label54 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data54 =
 {{#if: {{{magnitude-D|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{{magnitude-D|}}}
 }}

| label55 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data55 =
 {{#if: {{{magnitude-E|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{{magnitude-E|}}}
 }}

&lt;!--  ------ Depth ---------  --&gt;
| label60  = Qoto-dheerka
|  data60  =
 {{#if: {{{depth|}}}
  | {{{depth|}}}
  | {{#if: {{{depth-A|}}}
     | &amp;nbsp;
    }}
 }}

| label61 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data61 =
 {{#if: {{{depth-A|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{{depth-A|}}}
 }}

| label62 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data62 =
 {{#if: {{{depth-B|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{{depth-B|}}}
 }}

| label63 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data63 =
 {{#if: {{{depth-C|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{{depth-C|}}}
 }}

| label64 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data64 =
 {{#if: {{{depth-D|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{{depth-D|}}}
 }}

| label65 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data65 =
 {{#if: {{{depth-E|}}}
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{{depth-E|}}}
 }}

&lt;!-- ................................  --&gt;

| label69  = {{#invoke:Engvar|variants
| defaultWord = Xuddunta (Epicenter)
| engvar = {{{engvar|}}}&lt;!-- Pass through from article setting --&gt;
| defaultLang = en-US
| en-UK = Xuddunta 
| en-CA = Xuddunta 
| en-AU = Xuddunta 
}}
|  data69 = {{br separated entries|{{{location|}}}|{{{coordinates|}}}}}

| label71 = Khaladka dhulka
|  data71 = {{{fault|}}}

| label72 = Nooca
|  data72 = {{{type|}}}

| label73 = Aagagga saameynta
|  data73 = {{{affected|{{{countries affected|}}}}}}

| label74 = Burburka guud
|  data74 = {{{damages|{{{damage|}}}}}}

| label75 = Xoogga ugu sarreeya
|  data75 = {{{intensity|}}}

| label76 = Dardargelinta ugu sarreeya (Peak acceleration)
|  data76 = {{{pga|{{{PGA|}}}}}}

| label77 = Xawaaraha ugu sarreeya (Peak velocity)
|  data77 = {{{pgv|{{{PGV|}}}}}}

| label78 = Tsunami
|  data78 = {{{tsunami|}}}

| label79 = Dhul-go'
|  data79 = {{{landslide|}}}

| label80 = Ruxitaan hordhac ah
|  data80 = &lt;!-- {{{foreshocks|}}} --&gt;
 {{#if:{{{foreshocks|}}} | {{{foreshocks|}}} {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles using 'foreshock']]}} }}

| label81 = Ruxitaan daba-socda
|  data81 = &lt;!-- {{{aftershocks|}}} --&gt; 
 {{#if:{{{aftershocks|}}} | {{{aftershocks|}}} {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles using 'aftershock']]}} }}

| label82 = Khasaaraha nafeed
|  data82 = {{{casualties|}}}

&lt;!-- [ Swarms-only parameters--&gt;
| labe 83 = Qiyaasta ugu sarreeya
|  data83 = {{{maxmagnitude|}}}
| class83 = note

| label84 = Qoto-dheerka celceliska
|  data84 = {{{meandepth|}}}
| class84 = note

| label85 = Tirada guud ee dhacdooyinka
|  data85 = {{{events|}}}
&lt;!-- End of swarms-only parameters ] --&gt;

| data91  = {{{module|{{{embedded|{{{misc|}}}}}}}}}

| label92 = Xigashooyin
|  data92 = {{{citations|}}}

| below = {{{related|}}} &lt;!-- } --&gt;
}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox earthquake with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox earthquake]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y| affected | aftershocks | alt | anss-url |caption | casualties | citations | coordinates | countries affected | damage | damages | depth | duration | embedded | engvar | events | fault | foreshocks |isc-event | image | image alt | image name | image_size | imagecaption | intensity | landslide | local-date | local-time | location | magnitude | map | map alt | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | map2 | mapsize | maxmagnitude | meandepth | misc | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | PGA | pga | PGV | pgv | pre-1900 | pushpin_image | pushpin_label | pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map | pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_map_caption | pushpin_mapsize | pushpin_mark | pushpin_marksize | pushpin_relief | related | timestamp | title | tsunami | type | tags | timestamp-A | isc-event-A  | anss-url-A 
| local-time-A | magnitude-A | timestamp-B | isc-event-B  | anss-url-B | local-time-B | magnitude-B | timestamp-C | isc-event-C  | anss-url-C | local-time-C | magnitude-C | timestamp-D | isc-event-D  | anss-url-D | local-time-D | magnitude-D | timestamp-E | isc-event-E  | anss-url-E | local-time-E | magnitude-E | local-date-A | local-date-B | local-date-C | local-date-D | local-date-E | depth-A | depth-B | depth-C | depth-D | depth-E }}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3a7uejzd2unlycawkri3zpqwen5s283</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>299231</id>
      <parentid>299170</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T09:50:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299231</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14713" sha1="qqkedaloehjxtojjl2mjjm9lljsl0dx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| title    =  {{if empty|{{{title|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
| bodyclass  = vevent
| titleclass = summary
| subheader1 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|&lt;span class=&quot;nickname&quot; {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang=&quot;{{{native_name_lang}}}&quot;}}&gt;{{{native_name}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}

| image    = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.15|alt={{{alt|{{{image alt|}}}}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}}
| caption  = {{{caption|{{{imagecaption|}}}}}}

| image2   = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map|}}}|size={{{map_size|{{{mapsize|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.15|alt={{{map_alt|{{{map alt|}}}}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}}
| caption2 = {{{map_caption|{{{image name|}}}}}}

| image3   = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}
  |{{Location map|{{{pushpin_map|}}}
    |float = center|border = infobox
    |label = {{{pushpin_label|}}}
    |alt = {{{pushpin_map_alt|}}}
    |coordinates = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{location|}}}}}
    |mark = {{#if: {{{pushpin_mark|}}} | {{{pushpin_mark}}} | Bullseye1.png }}
    |marksize = {{#if: {{{pushpin_marksize|}}} | {{{pushpin_marksize}}} | 40 }}
    |caption = {{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}
    |position = {{#if:{{{pushpin_label_position|}}}|{{{pushpin_label_position|}}}|none}}
    |width = {{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}
    |relief = {{{pushpin_relief|1}}}
    |AlternativeMap = {{{pushpin_image|}}}
    }}
  |{{{map2|}}} 
}}

&lt;!-- { ================ Labels &amp; data ================  --&gt;
| label1 = Waqtiga [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
|  data1 = 
 {{#if: {{{timestamp|}}}
&lt;!-- --[sw-- --&gt;
  | {{#switch: {{{timestamp|}}} &lt;!-- Check for timestamp-A? --&gt;
     | {{#time:Y-m-d H:i:s|{{{timestamp}}} }} = {{{timestamp}}}
     | {{#time:Y-m-d H:i  |{{{timestamp}}} }} = {{{timestamp}}}
     | doublet   = [[Doublet earthquake|Dhulgariir labanlaab ah]]:{{nbsp|4}}
     | triplet   = [[Doublet earthquake|Dhulgariir saddexlaab ah]]:{{nbsp|4}}
     | multiplet = [[Doublet earthquake|Dhulgariir isku jira]]:{{nbsp|2}}
       &lt;!-- nbsp's added to force a width where timestamp won't get folded. --&gt;
     | #default =
        {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
         | {{{timestamp}}} &lt;!-- whatever works. Else:  --&gt;
         | {{{timestamp}}} &lt;/br&gt;{{red|&lt;small&gt;Waxaa loo baahan yahay 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm'&lt;/small&gt;}}
             {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles with UTC timestamp error]]}}
        }}
    }}
&lt;!-- --sw]-- --&gt;
    {{#switch: {{{timestamp|}}}
     |doublet |triplet |multiplet = {{main other|[[Category:Doublet earthquakes]]}}
    }}
  |&lt;!-- Else: no timestamp --&gt;
    {{#if: {{{timestamp-A|}}}
     | &lt;includeonly&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/includeonly&gt;  &lt;!-- ok. Force display of label. --&gt;
     | {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
        | &lt;!-- Not required if pre-1900 .  Else: --&gt;
        | &lt;includeonly&gt;{{red|??}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
          {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}} 
           | [[Category:EQ articles needing UTC timestamp]]
          }}
       }}
    }}
 }} &lt;!-- timestamp --&gt;

&lt;!-- Only for 'doublet earthquakes' and similar segmented events.
  -- Not for aftershocks, swarms, or series! 
  --&gt;
| label3 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data3 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-A|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{{timestamp-A|}}}
 }}

| label4 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data4 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-B|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{{timestamp-B|}}}
 }}

| label5 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data5 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-C|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{{timestamp-C|}}}
 }}

| label6 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data6 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-D|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{{timestamp-D|}}}
 }}

| label7 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data7 =
 {{#if: {{{timestamp-E|}}} 
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | E: }} {{{timestamp-E|}}}
 }}
&lt;!-- The ISC lists only a single instance of a five-part event. No more are needed. --&gt;
&lt;!-- ................................  --&gt;

&lt;!--  ------ ISC event -----  --&gt;
| label10 = Dhacdada [[International Seismological Centre|ISC]]
|  data10 = 
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event|}}} | n/a
  | n/a {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles with ISC set 'n/a']]}}
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event|}}}
     | {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event}}} }}
     | {{#if: {{{isc-event-A|}}} 
        | &amp;nbsp; &lt;!-- if isc-event-A present: display label w/ blank data  --&gt;
        | {{#ifeq: {{{pre-1900|}}} | yes
           | &lt;!-- Not required if pre-1900 --&gt;
           | {{main_other|[[Category:EQ articles waiting for ISC event id]]}}
          }}
       }}
    }}
 }}

| label11 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data11 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-A|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-A|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | A: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-A|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label12 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data12 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-B|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-B|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | B: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-B|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label13 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data13 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-C|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-C|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | C: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-C|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label14 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data14 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-D|}}} | n/a
  | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} n/a
  | {{#if: {{{isc-event-D|}}}
     | {{#if:{{{tags|}}} | D: }} {{EQ-isc-link|-{{{isc-event-D|}}} }}
    }}
 }}

| label15 = &amp;nbsp;
|  data15 =
 {{#ifeq: {{{isc-event-E|}}} | n/a
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    <title>Dhulgariirkii Oran ee 1790</title>
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      <text bytes="12841" sha1="trsr39a3aryk80rpd5a8mmjpf0hus28" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox earthquake
|title = Dhulgariirkii Oran ee 1790
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date = 10 Oktoobar 1790
|local-time =
|map2 = {{Location map many | Algeria #Mediterranean |relief=1
 | label =
 | lat = 35.9
 | long = 0.6
 | mark = Bullseye1.png
 | marksize = 40
 | mark2 =
 | mark2size = 10
 | position = right
 | width = 250
 | float = center|border=infobox
 | caption = }}
|caption =   
|magnitude = {{M|unk}} 6.0–6.5
|depth = 
|location = {{coord|35.9|N|0.6|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref name=NGDC/&gt;
|type = 
|countries affected = [[Aljeeriya]], [[Isbayn]] iyo [[Tunisiya]]
|intensity = {{EMS-98|VIII}} – {{EMS-98|10}}
|tsunami = Mid yar
|casualties = 3,000 oo dhimasho ah&lt;ref name=NGDC/&gt;
}}
'''Dhulgariirkii Oran ee 1790''' wuxuu dhacay 10 Oktoobar, isagoo ku dhuftay meel u dhow magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Oran]] ee dalka [[Aljeeriya]]. [[Dhulgariirku]] wuxuu lahaa [[xoogga seismic]] ee ugu sarreeya oo lagu qiimeeyay VIII–X oo ku qotoma [[European macroseismic scale]] (EMS-98). Qiyaas ahaan 3,000 oo qof ayaa ku dhintay intii lagu jiray dhulgariirka iyo [[tsunami]]-gii raacay.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1504 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA [[National Centers for Environmental Information]] |access-date=10 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[Seismic magnitude scales|Qiyaasta]] dhulgariirkan ayaa lagu muransanaa xubnaha ka tirsan goobta [[paleoseismology]], iyadoo qiyaasaha ay u dhexeeyaan 7.5 ilaa xitaa mid yar sida 5.5.

==Saamaynta==
Laga bilaabo 8 Oktoobar, magaalada ay [[Spanish conquest of Oran (1732)|Isbaanishku qabsadeen]] ayaa waxaa ruxay [[earthquake swarm|taxane dhulgariirro xooggan]] kuwaas oo laga dareemay ilaa Isbayn iyo [[Malta]]. Dhulgariirrada waxaa dareemay dadka deggan [[Granada]], [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]], [[Málaga]], iyo [[Santa Fe, Granada|Santa Fe]]. Ruxitaan rabshado wata ayaa laga dareemay Oran ilaa 25 Oktoobar. Burbur weyn ayaa ka dhacay Oran, iyadoo inta badan magaalada taariikhiga ah la burburiyay. Warbixinada burburka ayaa sidoo kale ka yimid [[Carthage]], [[Tunisiya]], iyo Isbayn oo ku teedsan [[Badda Dhexe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC&quot; /&gt;

Subaxdii 10 Oktoobar, saacadda markay ahayd 01:15 wakhtiga deegaanka, naxdintii ugu rabshadaha badnayd ayaa dhulka la simtay guryo badan oo ku yaal Oran, taas oo dabin u noqotay 1,000 qof. Saamayno badan ayaa dhacay dabadeed, taasoo keentay burbur iyo dhimashada dad badan. [[Dhul-go']] ayaa la kiciyay, taas oo qashinka ku daadisay magaalada dhexdeeda. Dhismaha casriga ah, iyo qalcadda magaalada ayaa weli taagnaa ka dib saamaynta, mana jirin wax burbur ah oo laga soo sheegay meel ka baxsan Oran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chimouni&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Redouane Chimouni |author2=Assia Harbi |author3=Mohamed Salah Boughacha |author4=Mouloud Hamidatou |author5=Radia Kherchouche |author6=Amal Sebaï |title=The 1790 Oran Earthquake, a Seismic Event in Times of Conflict along the Algerian Coast: A Critical Review from Western and Local Source Materials |journal=Seismological Research Letters |date=2018 |volume=89 |issue=6 |pages=2392–2403 |doi=10.1785/0220180175 |bibcode=2018SeiRL..89.2392C |s2cid=134010088 |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/srl/article-abstract/89/6/2392/547141/The-1790-Oran-Earthquake-a-Seismic-Event-in-Times?redirectedFrom=fulltext|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida laga soo xigtay ''[[Gazeta de Madrid]]'', in ka badan 250 askari ayaa ka mid ahaa 3,000 oo la dilay, halka ilo qaar ay soo jeedinayaan in ilaa 600 ay dhinteen.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elche&quot; /&gt; [[Alcazaba]] ayaa si xun u burburtay, taas oo dishay taliye guud iyo gabadhiisa. Tiro ka mid ah saraakiisha milatariga ee darajadoodu sarreyso ayaa lagu dilay qaab-dhismeedka burburay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elche&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=MAYO: EL TERREMOTO DE ORÁN DE 1790 Y EL LARGO VIAJE DE LOS DOCUMENTOS|trans-title=MAYO: DHULGARIIRKII ORAN EE 1790 IYO SAFARKII DHEERAA EE DUKUMENTIYADA |url=https://www.elche.es/2019/05/mayo-el-terremoto-de-oran-de-1790-y-el-largo-viaje-de-los-documentos/ |website=Ayuntamiento de Elche |date=2 May 2019 |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=Spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu yaraan 86 maxbuus, iyo 23 sarkaal oo xabsi ah ayaa dhintay markii xabsi burburay. Kala bar dadka maxaabiista ah ayaa ku guuleystay inay baxsadaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Almanzor&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Paco Almanzor |title=El terremoto de Orán de octubre de 1790 |trans-title=Dhulgariirkii Oran ee Oktoobar 1790 |url=https://laqverna.wordpress.com/2016/10/09/el-terrible-terremoto-de-oran-de-octubre-de-1790/ |website=La Qverna |access-date=10 October 2021 |date=9 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sababtoo ah waddooyinka magaaladu waxay ahaayeen kuwo cidhiidhi ah, dad badan oo ka badbaaday ayaa isugu soo baxay meel bannaan oo sax ah ka dib dhulgariirka. Boobka alaabta shakhsi ahaaneed ayaa ka dhacay magaaladii burburtay. Jawaab ahaan, maamulka gumeysiga ayaa ku dhawaaqay ciqaabta dhimashada qof kasta oo la qabto. Gargaar ayaa la siiyay dadkii ka badbaaday hal toddobaad ka dib, oo ay ku jireen teendhooyin, cunto, iyo gargaar caafimaad. [[List of governors of Oran|Guddoomiyaha Oran]] waxaa magacaabay [[Charles IV of Spain]] si uu u qoro warbixin ku saabsan dhulgariirka dhawr maalmood ka dib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elche&quot; /&gt; Burburka Oran iyo [[Mazalquivir]] ee deriska la ah ayaa ahaa mid aad u daran oo [[Boqortooyada Isbaanishka]] ay ugu dambeyntii ka tagtay magaalooyinka 1792 sababtoo ah shaqada dayactirka ma ahayn mid la fulin karo. Dad badan oo Isbaanish ah oo ku nool Aljeeriya ayaa dib u dejin loogu sameeyay [[Ceuta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HISTORIAS DE ALBORÁN&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=EL TERREMOTO DE ORÁN DE 1790 Y EL FIN DE LA PRESENCIA ESPAÑOLA EN ARGELIA.|trans-title=DHULGARIIRKII ORAN EE 1790 IYO DHAMMAADKII JOOGITAANKA ISBAANISHKA EE ALJEERIYA. |url=https://historiasdealboran.wordpress.com/2021/06/01/el-terremoto-de-oran-de-1790-y-el-fin-de-la-presencia-espanola-en-argelia/ |website=HISTORIAS DE ALBORÁN |access-date=10 October 2021 |date=1 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tsunami==
[[Tsunami]] caan ah ayaa la kiciyay intii lagu jiray dhulgariirka, waxaana goob joog u ahaa dad badan oo xeebta joogay. Badmaaxiinta maraakiibta saarnaa ayaa lagu tuuray badda markii hirarka xooggan ay ku dhufteen. Dad badan oo deggan ayaa ka cararay xeebta markii tsunami-gu soo dhowaaday. Hirarku waxay daadad ka geysteen xeebaha [[Waqooyiga Afrika]], laakiin wax qas ah oo badda ah lagama soo sheegin [[Morocco]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsunami Event&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Tsunami Event Information Tsunami Event Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/3075 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=10 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Doonyaha ayaa laga kaxeeyay dekedaha waana ay tageen. Hirar yaryar ayaa sidoo kale ku dhuftay [[Iberian Peninsula]] ee [[Almeria]] iyo [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]], halkaas oo meeshii dambe, heerka badda uu kor u kacay ilaa 6 fuudh.

==Deegaanka Tektonikada==
Dalka [[Aljeeriya]] wuxuu ku yaallaa meel u dhow [[convergent plate boundary]] oo kakan oo aan si fiican loo qeexin oo kala saarta [[African plate]] iyo [[Eurasian plate]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Leprêtre&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=A. Leprêtre |author2=F. Klingelhoefer |author3=D. Graindorge |author4=P. Schnurle |author5=M. O. Beslier |author6=K. Yelles |author7=J. Déverchère |author8=R. Bracene |title=Multiphased tectonic evolution of the Central Algerian margin from combined wide-angle and reflection seismic data off Tipaza, Algeria |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |date=2013 |volume=118 |issue=8 |pages=3899–3916 |doi=10.1002/jgrb.50318 |bibcode=2013JGRB..118.3899L |s2cid=53588905 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Taarikada is-goysan waxay abuuraan aag cadaadis ah waqooyiga Aljeeriya, kuwaas oo lagu dejiyo inta badan [[thrust faults|thrust and reverse faults]] xeebta iyo gudaha. Is-jiididda [[strata]] ee sababtoo ah cadaadiska ayaa sameeyay [[Atlas Mountains]] ee Aljeeriya iyo [[Morocco]]. Xaaladda tektonikada ee Aljeeriya ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigaysa dalka mid u nugul dhacdooyinka seismic ee waaweyn iyo kuwa dhimashada leh oo leh qiyaaso ka weyn 6.0. Khaladaadka xeebta ee thrust-ka ayaa sidoo kale u keena khatar [[tsunami]] xeebta Aljeeriya inta lagu jiro dhulgariirrada waaweyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yelles-Chaouche&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Abdelkarim Yelles-Chaouche |author2=Abdelaziz Kherroubi |editor1-last=Hamoud Beldjoudi |title=The large Algerian earthquakes (267 A.D.-2017) |journal=Física de la tierra |date=2017 |volume=29 |doi=10.5209/FITE.57617 |publisher=Universidad Complutense de Madrid |issn=1988-2440 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dhulgariir==
Daraasado hore oo dhulgariirro ah oo ka dhacay Aljeeriya iyo dhacdadani gaarka ah ayaa u xilsaaray xoogga ugu sarreeya ee seismic IX–X oo ku saabsan [[MSK-64]], [[European macroseismic scale|EMS-98]] iyo [[Mercalli intensity|Mercalli]] scales. Iyada oo ku saleysan soo-jeedinta sharraxaadaha taariikhiga ah ee dhacdada, Oran waxaa loo xilsaaray IX–X, halka xoojinta IV–V laga dareemay Almeria iyo Cartagena (IV). Meel [[Mers-El-Kébir]], xoojinta la dareemay waxay ahayd IV–V iyadoo lagu saleynayo dib-u-eegista suugaanta. Dib-u-qiimeyn lagu sameeyay suugaanta dhowaan tilmaamaysa dhulgariirka waxay soo jeedinaysaa in xoojintu ahayd kaliya VIII. Burburka weyn ee dhacay wuxuu ahaa sababtoo ah dhaqamada dhismaha oo liita. Xoojinta inta badan kuma aysan guuleysan heerka IX sababtoo ah meel [[Mers-El-Kébir]], kaliya 8&amp;nbsp;km u jirta Oran kama warbixinin wax burbur ah oo soo jeedinaya in xoojintu ay ka daciifsan tahay sidii hore loo mooday.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chimouni&quot; /&gt; Joornaal 2019, qorayaashu waxay u xilsaareen meelaha xeebta ee Oran, halkaas oo burburka ugu weyn laga soo sheegay, xoojinta IX–X. Xoojinta IX–X ayaa laga soo qaatay dokumentiyo Isbaanish ah oo asal ah oo sharraxaya saameynta dhulgariirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buforn&quot; /&gt;

Ruxitaanka xooggan iyo jiilka tsunami-ga ayaa sabab u ah [[hypocenter]] [[Depth of focus (tectonics)|depth]] oo gacmeed iyo goobta [[epicenter]] ee xeebta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buforn&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=E. Buforn |author2=P. Coca |author3=M. Bezzeghoud |author4=A. Udías |author5=Y. Bouhadad |author6=M. Mattesini |title=The destructive 1790 Oran (NW Algeria) earthquake in a region of low seismicity |journal=Tectonophysics |date=2019 |volume=759 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2019.03.008 |bibcode=2019Tectp.759....1B |s2cid=134205450 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040195119300800#!|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida laga soo xigtay Pedro María Legallois Grimarest, oo ahaa sarkaal milatari, gariirku wuxuu ku bilaabmay dhaqdhaqaaqa toosan ee dhulka waxaana ku xigay ruxitaan jihada koonfur-galbeed–waqooyi-bari. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in [[dhulgariirka rupture]] uu ka kooban yahay laba dhacdo oo hoose oo ku saabsan [[reverse fault]]. Xeebta waqooyi-galbeed ee Oran waxay martigelisaa khalad dambe oo badda ka baxsan kaas oo noqon kara isha dhulgariirka iyo tsunami-ga. Khaladka isha wuxuu noqon karaa mid ka fidsan badda ilaa dhulka. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo burburka iyo tsunami-ga, [[Seismic magnitude scales|seismic magnitude]] ee 6.0–6.5 ayaa loo soo jeediyay dhacdada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buforn&quot; /&gt;

==Dhacdooyin kale==
6 Juun 2008, dhulgariir {{M|wc}} 5.5 ah ayaa ku dhuftay xeebta Oran iyadoo xoogga ugu sarreeya ee la dareemay uu ahaa VII oo ku saabsan miisaanka EMS-98 ama VI oo ku saabsan Mercalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oran_2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=M 5.5 – 17&amp;nbsp;km NNE of Mers el Kebir, Aljeeriya |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000g8r4/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=10 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Buforn&quot; /&gt; Dhulgariirku wuxuu dilay hal qof wuxuuna sababay dhaawacyo darsin ah. Xalka tensor-ka ee xilliga ayaa muujiyay inay ka dhalatay khalad dambe oo ku yaal qoto dheer oo gacmeed leh epicenter oo badda ka baxsan. Khaladaadka badda ka baxsan ayaa waxaa kiciyay cadaadiska waqooyi-galbeed–koonfur-bari taas oo ka dhalatay is-goyska Afrika-Eurasia ee badda Mediterranean-ka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benfedda&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=A. Benfedda |author2=Y. Bouhadad |author3=M.S. Boughacha |author4=N. Guessoum |author5=K. Abbes |author6=M. Bezzeghoud |title=The Oran January 9th (Mw 4.7) and June 6th, 2008 (Mw 5.4) earthquakes: Seismological study and seismotectonic implication |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |date=2020 |volume=169 |article-number=103896 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103896 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464343X20301473 |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|bibcode=2020JAfES.16903896B |s2cid=219506914 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Liiska dhulgariirrada ka dhacay Aljeeriya]]
*[[Liiska dhulgariirrada taariikhiga ah]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}</text>
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| label36 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Joogga
| data36 = {{#if:{{{height_m|}}}{{{height_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m  ={{{drop_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{drop_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{height|}}} }}

&lt;!-- ***Elevation*** --&gt;
| rowclass40 = mergedtoprow
| label40 = {{#if:{{{elevation_link|}}}|[[{{{elevation_link|}}}|Joogga]]|Joogga}}
|  data40 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{elevation_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{elevation_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{elevation|}}} }}{{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{elevation|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{elevation_ref|}}}{{#if:{{{elevation_point|}}}|&amp;#32;({{{elevation_point}}})}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| rowclass41 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{elevation|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label41 = Joogga&amp;nbsp;ugu&amp;nbsp;sareeya
|  data41 = {{#if:{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{elevation_max_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{elevation_max_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{highest_elevation|}}} }}{{#if:{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}{{{highest_elevation|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{elevation_max_footnotes|}}}{{#if:{{{highest_point|}}}|&amp;#32;({{{highest_point}}})}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| rowclass42 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}{{{highest_elevation|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label42 = Joogga&amp;nbsp;dusha
|  data42 = {{#if:{{{surface_elevation_m|}}}{{{surface_elevation_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{surface_elevation_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{surface_elevation_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{surface_elevation|}}} }}{{#if:{{{surface_elevation_m|}}}{{{surface_elevation_ft|}}}{{{surface_elevation|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{surface_elevation_ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| rowclass50 = mergedtoprow
| label50  = {{#if:{{{volcanic_zone|}}}
            | Aagga foolkaanaha
            | {{#if:{{{volcanic_arc|}}}
              | [[Volcanic arc|Qaanso foolkaane]]
              | {{#if:{{{volcanic_belt|}}}
                | [[Volcanic belt|Suun foolkaane]]
                | {{#if:{{{volcanic_field|}}}
                  | Beer foolkaane }}}}}}}}
|  data50   = {{#if:{{{volcanic_zone|}}}
            | {{{volcanic_zone|}}}
            | {{#if:{{{volcanic_arc|}}}
              | {{{volcanic_arc|}}}
              | {{#if:{{{volcanic_belt|}}}
                | {{{volcanic_belt|}}}
                | {{#if:{{{volcanic_field|}}}
                  | {{{volcanic_field}}} }}}}}}}}

| rowclass51 = {{#if:{{{volcanic_zone|}}}{{{volcanic_arc|}}}{{{volcanic_belt|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label51  = Qaraxii&amp;nbsp;ugu&amp;nbsp;dambeeyay
|  data51  = {{{last_eruption|}}}

| rowclass52 = mergedtoprow
| label52 = [[Topographic map|Khariidadda Topo]]
|  data52 = {{{topo|}}}

| rowclass53 = mergedtoprow
| label53 = Magacaabista
|  data53 = {{{designation|}}}

| rowclass60 = mergedtoprow
| label60 = {{{free_label_1|}}}
|  data60 = {{{free_data_1|}}}

| rowclass61 = mergedrow
| label61  = {{{free_label_2|}}}
|  data61   = {{{free_data_2|}}}

| rowclass62 = mergedrow
| label62  = {{{free_label_3|}}}
|  data62   = {{{free_data_3|}}}

| rowclass70 = mergedtoprow
| label70   = Bogga internetka
|  data70   = {{{website|}}}

|  data80   = {{{embedded|}}}
}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox landform with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox landform]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| age | alt | area | area_footnotes | area_land_acre | area_land_dunam | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_total_acre | area_total_dunam | area_total_ha | area_total_km2 | area_total_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_dunam | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_percent | area_water_sq_mi | authority | caption | coor_pinpoint | coor_type | coordinates | coordinates_ref | depth | depth_km | depth_mi | designation | dimensions_footnotes | drop | drop_ft | drop_km | drop_m | drop_mi | dunam_link | elevation | elevation_ft | elevation_link | elevation_m | elevation_max_footnotes | elevation_max_ft | elevation_max_m | elevation_point | elevation_ref | embed | embedded | etymology | formed_by | free_data_1 | free_data_2 | free_data_3 | free_label_1 | free_label_2 | free_label_3 | geology | grid_name | grid_ref | grid_ref_Ireland | grid_ref_UK | height | height_ft | height_m | highest_elevation | highest_point | image | image_size | type | last_eruption | length | length_km | length_mi | location | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | mapsize | name | native_name | nickname | official_name | operator | orogeny | other_name | part_of | population_total | pushpin_image | pushpin_label | pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map | pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_map_caption | pushpin_map_caption_notsmall | pushpin_map_narrow | pushpin_mapsize | pushpin_outside | pushpin_overlay | pushpin_relief | range | subdivision_name | subdivision_name1 | subdivision_name2 | subdivision_name3 | surface_elevation | surface_elevation_ft | surface_elevation_m | surface_elevation_ref | topo | total_type | unit_pref | volcanic_arc | volcanic_zone | volcanic_belt | volcanic_field | water_bodies | website | width | width_km | width_mi }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!--
   FADLAN KU DARA QAYBAHA SHAQAALEEYA EE /doc SUBPAGE, MAHADSANID
--&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dussqlwf6uy93676r2sch808hohh5og</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>299179</id>
      <parentid>299177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T07:13:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299179</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15610" sha1="gx5av549ylb9hztddgfayprq8z6ubft" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Infobox
| child = {{yesno|{{{embed|}}}}}
| templatestyles = Infobox landform/styles.css
| bodyclass = ib-landform vcard

&lt;!--** names, type, and transliterations ** --&gt;
| above = &lt;div class=&quot;fn org&quot;&gt;{{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}&lt;/div&gt;
    {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;nickname ib-landform-native&quot;&gt;{{native name checker|{{{native_name}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}{{#if:{{{other_name|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;nickname ib-landform-other-name&quot;&gt;{{{other_name}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| subheader = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;category&quot;&gt;{{{type|}}}&lt;/div&gt;|{{main other|[[Category:Pages using Infobox landform with no type]]}}}}

| rowclass1 = mergedtoprow ib-landform-official
| data1 = {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}} }}

&lt;!-- ***Image*** --&gt;
| rowclass2 = mergedtoprow
| data2 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage&lt;!--
        --&gt;|image={{{image|}}}&lt;!--
        --&gt;|size={{{image_size|}}}|sizedefault=250px&lt;!--
        --&gt;|alt={{{alt|}}}&lt;!--
        --&gt;|title={{if empty|{{{caption|}}}|{{{alt|}}}}}}}&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#if:{{{caption|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-caption&quot;&gt;{{{caption|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}} }}

&lt;!-- ***Map*** --&gt;
| rowclass3 = mergedtoprow
|  data3 = {{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}||{{#if:{{{map_image|}}}
|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image}}}|size={{{mapsize|}}}|sizedefault=250px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}|title={{{map_caption|Goobta {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-caption&quot;&gt;{{{map_caption}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
}}}}

&lt;!-- ***Pushpin Map*** --&gt;
| rowclass4 = mergedtoprow
|  data4 = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}||{{#if:{{both| {{{pushpin_map|}}} | {{{coordinates|}}} }}|
{{location map|{{{pushpin_map|}}}
 |border = infobox
 |alt = {{{pushpin_map_alt|}}}
 |caption ={{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption_notsmall|}}}|{{{pushpin_map_caption_notsmall|}}}|{{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}|{{{pushpin_map_caption}}}|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|{{#if:{{{map_image|}}}||{{{map_caption}}}}}}}}}}}
 |float = center
 |width = {{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}
 |default_width = 250
 |relief= {{{pushpin_relief|}}}
 |AlternativeMap = {{{pushpin_image|}}}
 |overlay_image = {{{pushpin_overlay|}}}
 |coordinates = {{{coordinates|}}}
 |label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} }} | none | | {{#if:{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}}}} }}
 |marksize =6
 |outside = {{{pushpin_outside|}}}&lt;!-- pin is outside the map --&gt; 
 |position = {{{pushpin_label_position|}}}
}}
}} }}

| rowclass5 = mergedtoprow
| data5 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe
   | auto
   | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{map_image|}}}{{{pushpin_map|}}}|no|yes}}
   | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_total_km2|}}}
   | mapframe-area_mi2 = {{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}
   | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_total_ha|}}}
   | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_total_acre|}}}
   | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}}
   | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}}
   | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}}
   | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}}
   | mapframe-frame-width = 250
   | mapframe-marker = natural
   | mapframe-caption = Khariidadda is-dhexgalka ah ee {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
}}

&lt;!-- ***Coordinates*** --&gt;
| rowclass7 = {{#if:{{{map_image|}}}{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|{{#if:{{{grid_ref|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}}}}
|  data7 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}
  |Isku-duwayaasha{{#if:{{{coor_pinpoint|}}}{{{coor_type|}}}|&amp;#32;({{if empty|{{{coor_pinpoint|}}}|{{{coor_type|}}}}})}}: {{#invoke:ISO 3166|geocoordinsert|nocat=true|1={{{coordinates|}}}|country={{{subdivision_name|}}}|subdivision1={{{subdivision_name1|}}}|subdivision2={{{subdivision_name2|}}}|subdivision3={{{subdivision_name3|}}}|type=city{{#if:{{{population_total|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{population_total}}}|R}}+1}}||({{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_total}}}|,|}}|R}})}}}} }}{{{coordinates_ref|}}} }}

| rowclass8 = {{#if:{{{map_image|}}}{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|mergedbottomrow|mergedrow}}
| label8 = {{#if:{{{grid_ref_UK|}}}|[[Ordnance Survey National Grid|Meesha&amp;nbsp;gridka]]|{{#if:{{{grid_ref_Ireland|}}}|[[Irish grid reference system|Meesha&amp;nbsp;gridka]]|{{if empty|{{{grid_name|}}}|Meesha&amp;nbsp;gridka}} }} }}
|  data8 = {{#if:{{{grid_ref_UK|}}}|{{gbm4ibx|{{{grid_ref_UK|}}}|name={{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }}|{{#if:{{{grid_ref_Ireland|}}}|{{iem4ibx|{{{grid_ref_Ireland|}}}|name={{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }}|{{{grid_ref|}}}}}}}

&lt;!-- ***Location*** --&gt;
| rowclass10 = mergedtoprow
| label10 = Goobta
|  data10 = {{{location|}}}

| rowclass11 = mergedrow
| label11 = Silsiladda
|  data11 = {{{range|}}}

| rowclass12 = mergedrow
| label12 = Qayb&amp;nbsp;ka&amp;nbsp;mid&amp;nbsp;ah
|  data12 = {{{part_of|}}}

| rowclass13 = mergedrow
| label13 = Kaydka&amp;nbsp;biyaha
|  data13 = {{{water_bodies|}}}

&lt;!--***Formation*** --&gt;
| rowclass15 = mergedtoprow
| label15 = [[Geologic time scale|Da'da]]
|  data15 = {{{age|}}}

| rowclass16 = {{#if:{{{age|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow|}}
| label16 = Waxa&amp;nbsp;samaysay
|  data16 = {{{formed_by|}}}

| rowclass17 = {{#if:{{{age|}}}{{{formed_by|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label17  = [[Orogeny|Orogeny (Samayska buuraha)]]
|  data17  = {{{orogeny|}}}

| rowclass18 = {{#if:{{{age|}}}{{{formed_by|}}}{{{orogeny|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label18  = Juqraafiya
|  data18  = {{{geology|}}}

&lt;!-- ***Naming*** --&gt;
| rowclass20 = mergedtoprow
| label20    = [[Etymology|Asalka erayga]]
| data20     = {{{etymology|}}}

| rowclass21 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow|}}
| label21    = [[Nickname|Naanaysta]]
| data21     = {{{nickname|}}}

| rowclass23 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}{{{nickname|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label23    = {{longitem|Maamulka qeexidda}}
| data23     = {{{authority|}}}

&lt;!-- ***Operator*** --&gt;
| rowclass25 = mergedtoprow
| label25 = Hawlwadeenka
| data25  = {{{operator|}}}

&lt;!-- ***Geographical characteristics*** --&gt;
&lt;!-- ***Area*** --&gt;
| rowclass27 = mergedtoprow
| header27   = {{#if:{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}{{{area|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}
 |{{#if:{{both|{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;|1}}|{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}}}
   |&lt;!-- displayed below --&gt;
   |Bedka&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{area_footnotes|}}}&lt;/div&gt;
  }}
 }}

| rowclass28 = {{#if:{{both|{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&amp;nbsp;|1}}|{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}{{{area|}}}}}|mergedtoprow|mergedrow}}
| label28 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Wadarta
|  data28 = {{#if:{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_total_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_total_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_total_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_total_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#switch:{{{dunam_link|}}}||on|total=on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
 }}|{{{area|}}}}}

| rowclass29 = mergedrow
| label29 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Dhulka
|  data29 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_dunam|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_land_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_land_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_land_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_land_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|land|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
 }}}}
| rowclass30 = mergedrow
| label30 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Biyaha
|  data30 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_dunam|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp
   |km2  ={{{area_water_km2|}}}
   |ha   ={{{area_water_ha|}}}
   |acre ={{{area_water_acre|}}}
   |sqmi ={{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}
   |dunam={{{area_water_dunam|}}}
   |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|water|on}}
   |pref ={{{unit_pref}}}
   |name ={{{subdivision_name}}}
 }} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &amp;nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}%}}}}

&lt;!-- ***Dimensions*** --&gt;
| rowclass31 = mergedtoprow
| header31 = {{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{length|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}{{{width|}}}{{{depth_km|}}}{{{depth_mi|}}}{{{depth|}}}{{{drop_km|}}}{{{drop_mi|}}}{{{drop|}}}{{{height_m|}}}{{{height_ft|}}}{{{height|}}}|Cabbiraadaha&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{dimensions_footnotes|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| rowclass32 = mergedrow
| label32 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Dhererka
|  data32 = {{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}
 | {{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |km  ={{{length_km|}}}
      |mi  ={{{length_mi|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{length|}}} }}

| rowclass33 = mergedrow
| label33 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Ballaca
|  data33 = {{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |km  ={{{width_km|}}}
      |mi  ={{{width_mi|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{width|}}} }}

| rowclass34 = mergedrow
| label34 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Qoto-dheerka
|  data34 = {{#if:{{{depth_km|}}}{{{depth_mi|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |km  ={{{depth_km|}}}
      |mi  ={{{depth_mi|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{depth|}}} }}

| rowclass35 = mergedrow
| label35 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Dhicitaanka
|  data35 = {{#if:{{{drop_km|}}}{{{drop_mi|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |km  ={{{drop_km|}}}
      |mi  ={{{drop_mi|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{drop|}}} }}

| rowclass36 = mergedrow
| label36 = &amp;nbsp;•&amp;nbsp;Joogga
| data36 = {{#if:{{{height_m|}}}{{{height_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m  ={{{drop_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{drop_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{height|}}} }}

&lt;!-- ***Elevation*** --&gt;
| rowclass40 = mergedtoprow
| label40 = {{#if:{{{elevation_link|}}}|[[{{{elevation_link|}}}|Joogga]]|Joogga}}
|  data40 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{elevation_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{elevation_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{elevation|}}} }}{{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{elevation|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{elevation_ref|}}}{{#if:{{{elevation_point|}}}|&amp;#32;({{{elevation_point}}})}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| rowclass41 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{elevation|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label41 = Joogga&amp;nbsp;ugu&amp;nbsp;sareeya
|  data41 = {{#if:{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{elevation_max_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{elevation_max_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{highest_elevation|}}} }}{{#if:{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}{{{highest_elevation|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{elevation_max_footnotes|}}}{{#if:{{{highest_point|}}}|&amp;#32;({{{highest_point}}})}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| rowclass42 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}{{{highest_elevation|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label42 = Joogga&amp;nbsp;dusha
|  data42 = {{#if:{{{surface_elevation_m|}}}{{{surface_elevation_ft|}}}
 |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp
      |m   ={{{surface_elevation_m|}}}
      |ft  ={{{surface_elevation_ft|}}}
      |pref={{{unit_pref}}}
      |name={{{subdivision_name}}}
    }}|{{{surface_elevation|}}} }}{{#if:{{{surface_elevation_m|}}}{{{surface_elevation_ft|}}}{{{surface_elevation|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;ib-landform-fn&quot;&gt;{{{surface_elevation_ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}

| rowclass50 = mergedtoprow
| label50  = {{#if:{{{volcanic_zone|}}}
            | Aagga foolkaanaha
            | {{#if:{{{volcanic_arc|}}}
              | [[Volcanic arc|Qaanso foolkaane]]
              | {{#if:{{{volcanic_belt|}}}
                | [[Volcanic belt|Suun foolkaane]]
                | {{#if:{{{volcanic_field|}}}
                  | Beer foolkaane }}}}}}}}
|  data50   = {{#if:{{{volcanic_zone|}}}
            | {{{volcanic_zone|}}}
            | {{#if:{{{volcanic_arc|}}}
              | {{{volcanic_arc|}}}
              | {{#if:{{{volcanic_belt|}}}
                | {{{volcanic_belt|}}}
                | {{#if:{{{volcanic_field|}}}
                  | {{{volcanic_field}}} }}}}}}}}

| rowclass51 = {{#if:{{{volcanic_zone|}}}{{{volcanic_arc|}}}{{{volcanic_belt|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}}
| label51  = Qaraxii&amp;nbsp;ugu&amp;nbsp;dambeeyay
|  data51  = {{{last_eruption|}}}

| rowclass52 = mergedtoprow
| label52 = [[Topographic map|Khariidadda Topo]]
|  data52 = {{{topo|}}}

| rowclass53 = mergedtoprow
| label53 = Magacaabista
|  data53 = {{{designation|}}}

| rowclass60 = mergedtoprow
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    <title>Praia Grande, Kaab Farde</title>
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      <text bytes="1840" sha1="t56mfbbpgk31jtk0y6a4vtl8546sqfa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Praia Grande
| other_name       = 
| image            = File:Estr. Baía das Gatas - Calhau, Cape Verde - panoramio.jpg
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Bariga [[São Vicente, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{coord|16.860|-24.877|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = waddo
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Praia Grande''' (oo micneheedu yahay &quot;xeeb weyn&quot; oo af [[Portuguese language|Boortaqiis]] ah) waa xeeb weyn oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]], [[Cape Verde]]. Waxay 1.5&amp;nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa tuulada [[Calhau]]. Xeebta ciidda cad ah waxaa ku wareegsan dhagaxyo foolkaano ah. Waxaa lagu gaari karaa waddo ka timaada Calhau iyo [[Baía das Gatas]].&lt;ref name=dgt&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4126/1/IRTUR2_SV%20final.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município de S. Vicente], Direcção Geral do Turismo, b. 39&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Calhau.jpg|thumb|left|Praia Grande, oo laga eegayo dhanka Monte Verde]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://mindelo.info/gal_praia_grande.html Praia Grande oo ku taal mindelo.info] {{in lang|fr}}</text>
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    <title>Prainha, Praia</title>
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      <text bytes="2344" sha1="hvnnfydj7ckak5xm2sj9v3ag4lcio26" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Prainha
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = pt
| settlement_type         = Xaafad
| image_skyline           = Farol D. Maria Pia-2.jpg
| image_size               = 
| image_caption           = Farol de Ponta Temerosa (D. Maria Pia)
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| mottoeng                =
| image_map               = 
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|14.9055|-23.512|display=it}}
| population_total        = 309
| population_as_of        = 2010
| subdivision_type        = Waddan
| subdivision_name        = [[Cape Verde]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Administrative divisions of Cape Verde|Jasiirad]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Jasiiradda Santiago]]
| subdivision_type2       = Magaalo
| subdivision_name2       = [[Praia]]
| subdivision_type3       = 
| subdivision_name3       = 
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = [http://www.cmpraia.cv www.cmpraia.cv]
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Prainha''' waa qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Praia]] oo ku taal jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]], [[Cape Verde]]. Dadkeedu waxay ahaayeen 309 qof tirakoobkii 2010-kii.&lt;ref name=census10&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santiago-2/|title=2010 Census results Santiago|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taal xeebta, koonfurta xarunta magaalada. Xaafadaha ku dhow dhow waa [[Achada Santo António]] oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo [[Quebra Canela]] oo dhanka galbeed ah. Safaarado badan oo shisheeye ayaa ku yaal Prainha.

[[File:Praia-Ambassade du Sénégal.jpg|thumb|left|Safaaradda Senegal oo ku taal Rua Dr. Manuel Duarte]]

Meesha ugu caansan waa [[Farol de D. Maria Pia|Dona Maria Pia Lighthouse]], oo ku taal [[Ponta Temerosa]], oo ah barta ugu koonfureed ee jasiiradda.

==Tixraacyo==
{{Commonscat}}
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>SS Gwendolen</title>
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      <text bytes="6269" sha1="tnxnokds7kusfqrhbm08vtokvi3ocre" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image= HMS-Gwendolen.jpg
 | image_caption= 
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header              = 
 |country             = [[Nyasaland]]
 |flag                = [[File:Flag of Nyasaland (1919–1925).svg|60px]]
 |name                = ''Gwendolen''
 |namesake            = Lady Gwendolen Cecil (1860–1945)
 |owner               = 
 |operator            = 
 |registry            = 
 |route               = 
 |ordered             = 
 |builder             = 
 |original_cost       = 
 |yard_number         = 
 |way_number          = 
 |laid_down           = 
 |launched            = 1899
 |completed           = 
 |christened          = 
 |acquired            = 
 |maiden_voyage       = 
 |in_service          = 
 |out_of_service      = 
 |identification      = 
 |fate                = 
 |status              = 
 |notes               = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header             = 
 | header_caption          = 
 | class              = 
 | type               = Markab rakaab (ferry)
 | tonnage            = 
 | displacement       = 
 | length             = {{convert|136|ft}}
 | beam               = {{convert|24|ft}}
 | height             = 
 | draught            = {{convert|5.5|ft}}
 | depth              = {{convert|19|ft}}
 | decks              = 
 | deck_clearance     = 
 | power              = Uumi (steam)
 | propulsion         = Screw
 | speed              = 
 | capacity           = 
 | crew               = 
 | notes              = 
 }}
}}

'''SS ''Gwendolen''''' (mararka qaarkood loo qoro ''Guendolen'' iyo ''Gwendolyn'') wuxuu ahaa markab uumi ku shaqeeya oo Ingiriis ah oo ku jiray [[Lake Nyasa|Harada Nyasa]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chakoten.dk/images/eng_flot_nyassa_4756.jpg The Guendolen (sawir)]&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo ka qaybgalay [[Battle of Lake Nyasa|dagaalkii ugu horreeyay ee badda]] ee [[World War I|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]] ka dhan ah markabka uumiga ee Jarmalka ee ''[[Hermann von Wissmann (steamship)|Hermann von Wissman]]'' kaas oo uu ku qabtay meel u dhow Sphinxhafen, oo hadda loo yaqaan [[Liuli]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |journal=[[Warship International]] |volume=17 |publisher=[[International Naval Research Organization]], Naval Records Club (U.S.) |year=1980}} &quot;Jarmalku waxay dayactir ku sameeyeen ''Von Wissmann'' laakiin ''Gwendolen'' ayaa mar kale goobta yimid 30-kii Maajo, 1915 markii ''Von Wissmann'' loo diray ... Ingiriisku waxay kaloo ku lahaayeen laba markab oo kale Harada Nyasa oo la oran jiray ''Chauncy Maples'' iyo ''Queen Victoria''.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Markabka oo culeyskiisu ahaa 350-tan ayaa laga daahfuray [[Fort Johnston (Malawi)|Fort Johnston]] sanadkii 1899, waxaana loogu magacdaray [[Lady Gwendolen Gascoyne-Cecil|Lady Gwendolen Cecil]], oo ahayd gabadhii 39-sano jirka ahayd ee aan weli guursan ee [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Marquess of Salisbury]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |journal=The Railway News |volume=75 |year=1901}} &quot;Markabka, oo lagu baabtiisay ''Gwendolen'', magaca gabadha Lord Salisbury, waa 136 ft oo dherer ah, 24 ft oo ballac ah, 19 ft oo qoto-dheer, wuxuuna leeyahay qoto-dheer celcelis ah oo ah 5 ft iyo 6 in. In kasta oo culeyskiisu aanu diiwaangashanayn, 350 tan waa mid lagu qiyaaso...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1907, ''Gwendolen'' wuxuu ahaa kii ugu weynaa saddex markab oo hore loogu isticmaali jiray maraakiibta qoryaha (gunboats), kuwa kale waxay ahaayeen {{SS|Chauncy Maples}} iyo ''Queen Victoria'', iyadoo ay jireen afar markab oo rayid ah oo harada ku shaqeynayay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=The Statesman's Yearbook |volume=44 |first1=Frederick |last1=Martin |first2=Sir John Scott |last2=Keltie |author2-link=John Scott Keltie |first3=Isaac Parker Anderson |last3=Renwick |year=1907|title-link=The Statesman's Yearbook }} &quot;Kani wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex markab, oo hore loogu isticmaali jiray maraakiibta qoryaha, oo ay ku jiraan ''Gwendolen'', 350 tan, oo la bilaabay 1899 ee Fort Johnston, oo ah xarunta waaxda. Gaadiidka caadiga ah waxaa harada ku yaal 4 markab oo yaryar...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Laga bilaabo 1914, waxaa amar ku lahaa Kapitaan Edmund Rhoades, kaas oo si lama filaan ah u weeraray [[Hermann von Wissmann (steamship)|''Hermann von Wissman'']], markabkii saaxiibkiis iyo saaxiibkiisii hore ee cabitaanka, Kapitaan Berndt, iyadoo Berndt aanu ogayn in dagaalku bilaabmay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Philip |last=Briggs |title=Malawi |edition=5th |year=2010 |page=299}} &quot;Rhoades wuxuu markaas ku naxay inuu arko dhiggiisa Jarmalka ee cadhaysan iyo saaxiibkiisii hore ee cabitaanka, Kapitaan Berndt, oo u boodaya doon yar oo fuulaya ''Gwendolyn'' isagoo qaylinaya habaar iyo su'aalo ku saabsan maskaxda Rhoades. Waxaa soo baxday in warka dagaalka uusan gaarin Liuli. Rhoades wuxuu Berndt la fadhiistay wiski, wuxuuna u sharraxay xaaladda, ka dibna wuxuu kaxaystay maxbuuskiisii dagaalka ee cadhaysan.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[William Percival Johnson]] ayaa dib u xasuustay in Kapitaan Berndt, oo ahaa maamulaha markabka Jarmalka ee ujeeddadiisii hore ahayd markab lid ku ah addoonsiga qarnigii 1890-meeyadii, uu ahaa saaxiib dhow oo la lahaa dadkii Ingiriiska ahaa ee adeegayaasha diinta (missionaries) maalmihii [[Chauncy Maples]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Charles M. |last=Good |title=The steamer parish: the rise and fall of missionary medicine on an... |year=2004 |page=95}} &quot;Johnson wuxuu xasuustay in 'saaxiibkeenna aadka u dhow Kapitaan Berndt,' oo amar ku lahaa markabka Jarmalka ''Hermann von Wissmann'', 'uu ahaa qof si joogto ah u soo booqan jiray waqtigii Maples' (Johnson 1926, 211; cf. CA 12 [1894]: 71).&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

1920-meeyadii, [[Nyasaland]] Government Marine Transport waxay wadi jireen safar billle ah oo SS ''Gwendolen'' uu ka bilaabmayo Fort Johnston oo sidda badeecado iyo rakaab, safar 15 maalmood ah oo uu ku wareegayo dekedaha kala duwan ee harada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=An Economic survey of the colonial empire Great Britain |publisher=Colonial Office |year=1936}} &quot;Muddo sanado badan ah, Nyasaland Government Marine Transport waxay ku shaqeyn jireen safar billle ah oo SS ''Guendolen'' oo ka bilaabma Fort Johnson, kaas oo sidda badeecado iyo rakaab u kala gooshaya dekedaha kala duwan ee Harada, safarka oo qaadanaya 15 maalmood.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gwendolen}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jasiiradda Chizumulu</title>
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      <text bytes="3439" sha1="5l19b74yszcjschczzkrn2whbapu2ch" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Likoma (satellite).jpg|thumb|Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka ee jasiiradda Likoma (midig) iyo jasiiradda Chizumulu (bidix).]]'''Jasiiradda Chizumulu''' waa tan ka yar labada jasiiradood ee ku yaal [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], tan kale ee weynina waa [[Likoma island]] oo u dhow, kuwaas oo wada samaystay [[Likoma District|Degmada Likoma]]. Labadan jasiiradood waxay u jiraan dhowr kiiloomitir oo keliya [[Mozambique]], waxaana gebi ahaanba ku hareeraysan [[territorial waters|biyaha dhuleed]] ee Mozambique, laakiin waxay ka tirsan yihiin [[Malawi]]. Sidaas darteed, waxay yihiin [[exclave|dhul-gooni ah]] (exclaves) oo ka tirsan Malawi. Tani waxay dhacday sababtoo ah jasiiradaha waxaa deegaameeyay [[Anglican|Anglican]] [[missionary|adeegayaal diini ah]] oo ka faafayay bariga [[Nyasaland]], halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen [[Portugal|Boortaqiiskii]] gumeystay Mozambique. [[British Empire|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] ayaa asal ahaan sheegtay dhammaan Harada Nyasa/Harada Malawi, laakiin 1954-tii waxay heshiis la saxiixdeen Boortaqiiska, kaas oo aqoonsaday bartamaha harada inay tahay xadka u dhexeeya hantidooda iyo Mozambique, taas oo jasiiradahan ka dhigtay dhul-gooni ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mayall&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mayall, James|s2cid=154785268|year=1973|title=The Malawi-Tanzania Boundary Dispute|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=11|issue=4|pages=611&amp;ndash;628|jstor=161618|doi=10.1017/s0022278x00008776}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chizumulu waxaa lagu gaari karaa [[Steamboat|markab uumi]] oo ka yimaada dekadda [[Nkhata Bay]] ee dhulka weyn ee Malawi. Markabka {{MV|Ilala}} ee toddobaad walba ka gudba Harada Malawi ayaa istaaga Chizumulu. Doonyo yaryar oo ay ku jiraan [[dhow|doonyaha dhow-ga]] ayaa ka gudba [[strait|marinka]] u dhexeeya Likoma iyo Chizumulu.

Jasiiraddu waxay hoy u tahay dad lagu qiyaaso 4,000 oo qof. Sida Likoma, jasiiraddu waxay inta badan cuntadeeda ka keensataa dhulka weyn. Waxaa jasiiradda ka jiro [[electricity|koronto]] laga bilaabo 6&amp;nbsp;am ilaa 10&amp;nbsp;pm (iyadoo nasasho ay jirto inta u dhaxaysa 12 iyo 2&amp;nbsp;pm), mana jirto waddo baabuur. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira waddo si fiican loo dhisay oo ku wareegsan bannaanka jasiiradda, taas oo lagu lugeyn karo qiyaastii saddex saacadood.

Jasiiraddu waxay ka kooban tahay laba buurood oo waaweyn, iyadoo dhanka koonfureed ay ku yaallaan dhul siman. Beeraha [[Cassava|xididka baradhada macaan]] (Cassava) ayaa daboola inta badan jiirarka hoose ee buuraha, halka qaybaha sare ay yihiin [[forest|kaymo]]. Waxaa jira geedo badan oo [[baobab]] ah.

Dadka deegaanka waxay ku hadlaan lahjadda Nkamanga, oo ah lahjad ka mid ah [[Tumbuka language|Chitumbuka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author1=Barnes, Herbert  |author2=Woodward, M. E.|date=1902|title=Nyanja-English Vocabulary|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gsUAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PR6 vi]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Naadi kubadda cagta ah oo la yiraahdo Chizumulu United ayaa ka qaybqaata Horyaalka Premier League ee Gobolka Waqooyi, oo ku jira heerka 3-aad ee kala sarreynta kubadda cagta Malawi.

==Xusuusin==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013091316/http://realtravel.com/chizumulu_island-journals-j1678475.html Qoraalka blog-ga safarka]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071216051103/http://www.world-traveller.org/site/Category%3AChizumulu_Island Sawirro ku yaal world-traveller.org]

{{coord|12|01|S|34|37|E|type:isle|display=title}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chintheche</title>
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      <text bytes="8059" sha1="1o8qz837mh1mtedzuwwpwd88n6fvevk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
&lt;!--Eeg Jadwalka Infobox Settlement ee dhammaan beeraha iyo sharraxaadaha isticmaalka--&gt; 
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ----------------&gt; |official_name = Chintheche
|other_name = 
|native_name =   &lt;!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asaliga ah aan Ingiriisi ahayn --&gt; 
|nickname = 
|settlement_type = &lt;!--Magaalo ama Tuulo--&gt; 
|motto = 
&lt;!-- sawirada iyo khariidadaha -----------&gt; 
|image_skyline = 
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag = 
|flag_size = 
|image_seal = 
|seal_size = 
|image_shield = 
|shield_size = 
|image_blank_emblem = 
|blank_emblem_type = 
|blank_emblem_size = 
|image_map = 
|mapsize = 
|map_caption = 
|image_map1 = 
|mapsize1 = 
|map_caption1 = 
|image_dot_map = 
|dot_mapsize = 
|dot_map_caption = 
|dot_x = 
|dot_y = 
|pushpin_map = Malawi
|pushpin_mapsize=240
|pushpin_label_position =bottom 
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Malawi
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt; 
|subdivision_type = Waddan 
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} 
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Nkhata Bay District]] 
|subdivision_type3 = 
|subdivision_name3 = 
|subdivision_type4 = 
|subdivision_name4 = 
&lt;!-- Siyaasadda -----------------&gt; 
|government_footnotes = 
|government_type = 
|leader_title = 
|leader_name = 
|leader_title1 = 
|leader_name1 = 
|leader_title2 = 
|leader_name2 = 
|leader_title3 = 
|leader_name3 = 
|leader_title4 = 
|leader_name4 = 
|established_title = 
&lt;!-- La dejiyay --&gt; 
|established_date = 
|established_title2 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (tuulo) --&gt; 
|established_date2 = 
|established_title3 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (magaalo) --&gt; 
|established_date3 = 
&lt;!-- Bedka ---------------------&gt; 
|area_magnitude = 
|unit_pref =Imperial 
|area_footnotes = 
|area_total_km2 = 
|area_land_km2 = 
|area_water_km2 = 
|area_total_sq_mi = 
|area_land_sq_mi = 
|area_water_sq_mi = 
|area_water_percent = 
|area_urban_km2 = 
|area_urban_sq_mi = 
|area_metro_km2 = 
|area_metro_sq_mi = 
|area_blank1_title = 
|area_blank1_km2 = 
|area_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Dadweynaha -----------------------&gt; 
|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_note = 
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|population_metro = 
|population_density_metro_km2 = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_urban = 
|population_density_urban_km2 = 
|population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
|population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha 
|population_blank1 = 
|population_blank2_title = Diimaha 
|population_blank2 = 
|population_density_blank1_km2 = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud ---------------&gt; 
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset = 
|timezone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|coordinates = {{coord|11|50|00|S|34|10|00|E|region:MW|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes= 
|elevation_m =482 
|elevation_ft =1584
|blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
|blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] 
&lt;!-- Xeerarka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt; 
|postal_code_type = 
|postal_code = 
|area_code = 
|blank_name = 
|blank_info = 
|blank1_name = 
|blank1_info = 
|website = 
|footnotes = 
}}
'''Chintheche''' waa degsiimo ku taal [[Nkhata Bay District|Degmada Nkhata Bay]] ee [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee dalka [[Malawi]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], waxayna qiyaastii {{convert|40|km|mi}} u jirtaa dhanka koonfureed ee [[Nkhata Bay]]. Magaaladu waxay ku taal wadada weyn (M5) ee u dhexaysa [[Nkhata Bay]] iyo [[Nkhotakota]].&lt;ref name=&quot;P191&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Go2Africa&quot;/&gt;

==Taariikhda==
Magaalada Chintheche waxay ahayd ilaa qiyaastii 1950-kii xarunta degmada Nkhata Bay oo markaas loo yaqaanay West Nyasa. 1970-yadii, xukuumaddii [[Hastings Banda]] waxay qorsheysay in Chintheche loogu horumariyo magaalo cusub oo ay ku noolaadaan 25,000 oo qof, oo leh deked cusub iyo warshad lagu farsameeyo warqadaha. Si loogu diyaariyo horumarka cusub, dadkii degganaa Chintheche ayaa loo [[displaced person|barakiciyay]] gudaha dalka. Mashruucan wuxuu abuuri lahaa shaqooyin kumanaan qof ah, laakiin qayb ahaan ma hirgelin; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadkii barakacay inkasta oo aan si rasmi ah loo ogolayn inay ku soo noqdaan guryahoodii xeebta, haddana waxay dib ugu soo laabteen markii lagu soo noqday dimuqraadiyadda xisbiyada badan horraantii 1990-yadii.&lt;ref name=&quot;New development&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004|access-date=4 August 2008|publisher=[[Routledge]]|author=Taylor &amp; Francis Group|year=2003|isbn=1-85743-183-9|page=g.661
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;No return&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Drewett, Michael|author2=Cloonan, Martin|title=Popular Music Censorship in Africa|year=2006|isbn=0-7546-5291-2|access-date=5 August 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aowvjFQod9IC|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|page=g.119}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Fanka iyo dhaqanka==

Magaalada Chintheche, oo hore u ahayd xarunta degmada, waa halkii uu ka dhacay [[Lake of Stars Music Festival]] intii u dhaxaysay 2004–2007. Magaalada Chintheche sidoo kale waa xarunta kooxda Park Town Band. Dhaqamada kale ee caanka ah ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah Malipenga iyo Chilimika. Sannad kasta Mdawuku wa aTonga waxay u dabaaldegaan dhaqanka dadka Tonga.

==Goobaha lagu raaxaysto iyo adeegyada==
Chintheche waxay leedahay baarar, maqaayado, goobo la seexdo, meelo teendhooyin lagu dhigto, suuq wayn iyo goobo lagu iibiyo badeecadaha; inta badan adeegyada magaalada waxay ku yaallaan wadada Chintheche Strip.&lt;ref name=&quot;P191&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=g.191|access-date=4 August 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;P192&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=g.192|access-date=4 August 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Beero iyo madadaalo===

Degsiimada waxaa sidoo kale loo aqoonsaday inay tahay [[beach town|magaalo xeeb ah]], maadaama ay ku taallo xeebaha [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], oo ay ku jiraan Xeebaha Chintheche iyo Chigumbuli. Saamaynta isbeddelka cimilada iyo kor u kaca heerka harada ayaa saameynaya xeebaha iyo goobaha la seexdo. Xeebuhu waxay la mid yihiin kuwa laga helo [[Caribbean|Caribbean-ka]], oo leh ciid cad iyo dhir kulaylaha ah.&lt;ref name=david1 group=david&gt;{{cite book|title=Malawi|date=2014|publisher=Davids Been Here|pages=8–15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUTyAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=travel+africa|access-date=30 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha==
Chintheche waxay ku taal wadada laamiga ah ee M5 ee u dhexaysa [[Salima (township)|Salima]] – [[Mzuzu]]. Waxaa u adeega basas yar-yar iyo taaksiyo ka yimaada [[Nkhata Bay]], [[Nkhotakota]] iyo [[Mzuzu]]. Garoonka diyaaradaha ee dhanka galbeedka magaalada ayaa la xiray 1990-meeyadii, haddana waxaa loo isticmaalaa garoonka guriga ee kooxda kubadda cagta ee Chintheche United FC&lt;ref name=&quot;P191&quot;/&gt; Waddooyinka kaliya ee laami ah waa M5 iyo qaybta ka tagta M5 ee aada Chintheche Inn. Marka laga reebo taas, inta badan waddooyinka magaalada Chintheche, in kasta oo la mari karo sannadka oo dhan, waa waddooyin boodh ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Go2Africa&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.go2africa.com/malawi/chintheche|title=Northern Region &quot; Cities and towns &quot; Chintheche|access-date=4 August 2008|publisher=Go2Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira hal saldhig oo boolis ah, isbitaal, xafiis boosto, suuq, dhowr iskuul iyo adeeg biyo.

===Isha===

*Davids Been Here, ''Malawi: Africa County Travel Guide 2014.'' Davids Been Here (2014). 

===Xusuusin===
{{reflist|group=david}}

==Tixraacyo kale==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chilumba</title>
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      <text bytes="8768" sha1="dk8ako80ryz7ij3qazo4nczgks9utcw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
&lt;!--Eeg Jadwalka Infobox Settlement ee dhammaan beeraha iyo sharraxaadaha isticmaalka--&gt; 
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ----------------&gt;
|official_name = Chilumba
|other_name = 
|native_name =   &lt;!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asaliga ah aan Ingiriisi ahayn --&gt; 
|nickname = 
|settlement_type =  
|motto = 
&lt;!-- sawirada iyo khariidadaha -----------&gt; 
|image_skyline = 
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = 
|image_flag = 
|flag_size = 
|image_seal = 
|seal_size = 
|image_shield = 
|shield_size = 
|image_blank_emblem = 
|blank_emblem_type = 
|blank_emblem_size = 
|image_map = 
|mapsize = 
|map_caption = 
|image_map1 = 
|mapsize1 = 
|map_caption1 = 
|image_dot_map = 
|dot_mapsize = 
|dot_map_caption = 
|dot_x = 
|dot_y = 
|pushpin_map = Malawi
|pushpin_mapsize=200
|pushpin_label_position =top 
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Malawi
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt; 
|subdivision_type = Waddan 
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} 
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Karonga District]] 
|subdivision_type3 = [[Parliament of Malawi|Degmada Baarlamaanka]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Karonga South (Malawi Parliament constituency)|Karonga South]]
|subdivision_type4 = 
|subdivision_name4 = 
&lt;!-- Siyaasadda -----------------&gt; 
|government_footnotes = 
|government_type = 
|leader_title = 
|leader_name = 
|leader_title1 = 
|leader_name1 = 
|leader_title2 = 
|leader_name2 = 
|leader_title3 = Xildhibaan
|leader_name3 = '''Malani Mtonga'''
|leader_title4 = 
|leader_name4 = 
|established_title = 
&lt;!-- La dejiyay --&gt; 
|established_date = 
|established_title2 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (tuulo) --&gt; 
|established_date2 = 
|established_title3 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (magaalo) --&gt; 
|established_date3 = 
&lt;!-- Bedka ---------------------&gt; 
|area_magnitude = 
|unit_pref =Imperial 
|area_footnotes = 
|area_total_km2 = 
|area_land_km2 = 
|area_water_km2 = 
|area_total_sq_mi = 
|area_land_sq_mi = 
|area_water_sq_mi = 
|area_water_percent = 
|area_urban_km2 = 
|area_urban_sq_mi = 
|area_metro_km2 = 
|area_metro_sq_mi = 
|area_blank1_title = 
|area_blank1_km2 = 
|area_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Dadweynaha -----------------------&gt; 
|population_as_of = 2011 &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=2011 | url=http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Malawi/Karonga/Chilumba/P471722.00.aspx |title=Estimated Population of Chilumba, Malawi In 2011 |
publisher=Collinsmaps.com |author=Collins Maps | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708175732/http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Malawi/Karonga/Chilumba/P471722.00.aspx |access-date=7 May 2020 | archive-date=2011-07-08 |format=Archived from the original on 8 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_footnotes = Qiyaas
|population_note = 
|population_total = 5,000
|population_density_km2 = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|population_metro = 
|population_density_metro_km2 = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_urban = 
|population_density_urban_km2 = 
|population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
|population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha 
|population_blank1 = 
|population_blank2_title = Diimaha 
|population_blank2 = 
|population_density_blank1_km2 = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud ---------------&gt; 
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset = 
|timezone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|10|26|15|S|34|14|51|E|region:MW|display=inline, title}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m = 487
|elevation_ft =
|blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
|blank1_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]] 
&lt;!-- Xeerarka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt; 
|postal_code_type = 
|postal_code = 
|area_code = 
|blank_name = 
|blank_info = 
|blank1_name = 
|blank1_info = 
|website = 
|footnotes = 
}}

'''Chilumba''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Malawi]]. Waa xarun magaalo oo ku taal [[Karonga District|Degmada Karonga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/10%C2%B026'15.0%22S+34%C2%B014'51.0%22E/@-10.4387242,34.2436817,613m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-10.4375!4d34.2475 |title=Location of Chilumba, Malawi |access-date=7 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Goobta==
Chilumba waxay ku taal xeebaha galbeed ee [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], xagga koonfureed ee [[Karonga District|Degmada Karonga]], ee [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee Malawi. Goobtan waxay qiyaastii {{convert|73|km|0}} u jirtaa, xagga wadada, dhanka koonfur-bari ee magaalada [[Karonga]], halkaas oo ay ku yaallaan xarunta degmadu.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|access-date=7 May 2020 | |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Karonga,+Malawi/Chilumba,+Malawi/@-10.1952299,33.913919,10.5z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1901851cf67b7815:0xb221a35601574c33!2m2!1d33.9248222!2d-9.952536!1m5!1m1!1s0x19026ecbe45156b7:0x26c055223f01e8d!2m2!1d34.2449384!2d-10.4363667!3e0 |title=Distance Between Karonga And Chilumba In Malawi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chilumba waxay qiyaastii {{convert|154|km|0}} u jirtaa, xagga wadada, dhanka waqooyi ee magaalada [[Mzuzu]], oo ah xarunta Gobolka Waqooyi ee Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{google maps|title=Distance Between Mzuzu And Chilumba In Malawi |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mzuzu,+Malawi/Chilumba,+Malawi/@-10.9336034,33.4967329,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x191d3a60f10f1269:0xd6716109fdcf70c2!2m2!1d34.0084395!2d-11.4389649!1m5!1m1!1s0x19026ecbe45156b7:0x26c055223f01e8d!2m2!1d34.2449384!2d-10.4363667!3e0 |access-date=7 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Chilumba waa: 10°26'15.0&quot;S, 34°14'51.0&quot;E (Latitude:-10.437500; Longitude:34.247500).&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;/&gt; Magaaladu waxay ku taallaa dherer celcelis ahaan ah {{convert|487|m|0}}, oo ka sarreeya [[mean sea level|heerka badda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mw.geoview.info/chilumba,930986 |title=Elevation of Chilumba, Malawi |publisher=Goeview.info |date=7 May 2020 | author=Geoview |access-date=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadweynaha==
Sanadkii 2011, dadka ku nool Chilumba waxaa lagu qiyaasay qiyaastii 5,000 oo qof.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

==Dulmar==
Qaybta harada ee wajahaysa Chilumba waxaa loo yaqaannaa '''Chilumba Bay'''.
Markabka [[MV Ilala]] oo ah [[steamboat|markab uumi]], kaas oo isku xira degsiimooyinka waaweyn ee Harada Malawi, ayaa Chilumba u ah joogsigiisa ugu waqooyi. Marka uu gaaro Chilumba, wuxuu bilaabaa safarkiisa dib ugu noqoshada saldhigiisa ee [[Monkey Bay|Lusumbwe]] oo ku taal [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://changeherworld.ca/our-projects/chilumba-malawi/ | title=Profile of Chilumba, Malawi |publisher=Changeherworld.ca |date=7 May 2020 |author=Change Her World Canada |access-date=7 May 2020 |location=Stratford, Ontario Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Malawi: Sixty years of the MV Ilala | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/focus_magazine/news/story/2008/12/081222_malawi_ilala.shtml |date=22 December 2008 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] | author=Ruth Evans |access-date=8 May 2020 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kala duwanaanshaha muuqaalka dhulka ayaa siinaya Chilumba jawi gaar ah oo loogu talagalay kala duwanaanta madadaalada iyo waxqabadyada wax soo saarka. Dhanka harada, waa mid ka mid ah meelaha gaarka ah ee ay ku yaalliin Jasiiradda Chirwa iyo Jasiiradda Chitende, kuwaas oo hoy u ah noocyo badan oo dhir, shimbiro iyo kalluun ah. Jasiiradaha waxaa isticmaala kalluumaysatada sidii goobo ku meel gaar ah oo lagu xiro doonyaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Nyasa |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |title=Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) |date=8 May 2020 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jasiiradda Chirwa wajahaysa waa muuqaal caadi ah oo leh xeeb dhagax ah oo leh biyo qoto dheer oo ku habboon in dhagaxyada laga boodo. Gacanka wajahaya dekedda yar wuxuu leeyahay biyo gacmeed oo loogu talagalay in lagu xiro doonyaha iyo suurtagalnimada in biyo gacmeedka lagu lugeeyo ilaa 50m ka dibna loo dabaasho biyaha qoto dheer ee wajahaya Jasiiradda Chitende iyo buuraha Mphiri. Galbeedka jasiiradda waxaa ku yaal {{convert|3|km|0}} oo ah xeeb ciid saafi ah. Ciiddu waxay u fidsan tahay xagga dhulka qiyaastii {{convert|1|km|0}} waxayna si qurux badan u egtahay saxare ciid madow ah oo ay kala sooceen laba bog. Dhulka sare ee ka fog harada waa dhul beereed tayo leh oo la isticmaali jiray 1980-meeyadii ilaa horraantii 1990-meeyadii sidii mashruuc lagu kala duwanaanayo soo saarista miraha hadhuudhka. Ka dambeeya waxaa ku yaal xudduud dabiici ah oo kaydka kaynta ah oo u fidsan harada iyada oo loo marayo buuraha Mphiri ilaa waqooyi, taas oo ku habboon fuulista fardaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>dk8ako80ryz7ij3qazo4nczgks9utcw</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>MV Chilembwe</title>
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|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 | image =
 | image_caption= 
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 | hide_header              = 
 | name                = ''Cilembwe''
 | owner               = Shirkadda Maraakiibta Malawi (Malawi Shipping Company)
 | operator            = 
 | registry            =  {{Flagicon|Malawi}} [[Monkey Bay]]
 | route               = [[Monkey Bay]] - [[Chilumba]]
 | ordered             = 
 | builder             = Mota Engil
 | original_cost       = $8.5 milyan
 | yard_number         = 
 | way_number          = 
 | laid_down           = 
 | launched            = 2013
 | completed           = 2015
 | christened          = 
 | acquired            = 
 | maiden_voyage       = 
 | in_service          = 
 | out_of_service      = 
 | identification      = 
 | fate                = 
 | status              = wuu shaqeeyaa
 | notes               = 
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 | hide_header              = 
 | header_caption           = 
 | class               = 
 | tonnage             = 
 | displacement        = 
 | length              = {{cvt|33|m|ftin}}
 | beam                = {{cvt|9|m|ftin}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.afriem.org/2014/03/new-passenger-ship-mv-chilembwe-in-the-offing-for-lake-malawi/ |title=New Passenger ship MV Chilembwe in the offing for lake malawi. &amp;#124; afriem.orgafriem.org |publisher=Afriem.org |date= |accessdate=2015-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | height              = 
 | draught             = 
 | draft               = 
 | depth               = 
 | decks               = 
 | deck_clearance      = 
 | ramps               = 
 | power               = naafto (diesel)
 | propulsion          = screw
 | speed               = 
 | capacity            = 120 rakaab ah, 20 tan oo xamuul ah
 | crew                = 
 | notes               = 
 }}
}}
'''MV ''Chilembwe''''' waa [[passenger ship|markab rakaab]] oo ka shaqeeya [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], kaas oo loogu magacdaray halgamaagii xorriyadda Malawi ee [[John Chilembwe]]. Waxaa la [[Ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] sanadkii 2014 si uu qayb ahaan u beddelo {{MV|Ilala}} oo jirtay in ka badan 60 sano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Yasin Maonga |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/03/26/malawi-shipping-company-unleashes-8-5m-mv-chilembwe/ |title=Malawi Shipping Company unleashes $8.5m MV Chilembwe |publisher=Nyasatimes.com |accessdate=2015-02-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122131604/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/03/26/malawi-shipping-company-unleashes-8-5m-mv-chilembwe/ |archivedate=2015-01-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikhda==
Sanadkii 2025 kow iyo toban qof ayaa dhintay markii ay isku dayeen inay markabka kaga soo raacaan doon gaar loo leeyahay saacadaha hore ee subaxdii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mvona |first=Ralph |date=2025-04-13 |title=Tragedy kills 11 |url=https://mwnation.com/tragedy-kills-11/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
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  <page>
    <title>Cape Maclear</title>
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      <text bytes="16343" sha1="af7gwuzjq3vqfbkflm5bad01godzqvd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
&lt;!--Eeg Jadwalka Infobox Settlement ee dhammaan beeraha iyo sharraxaadaha isticmaalka--&gt; 
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ----------------&gt; |official_name = Cape Maclear
|other_name = 
|native_name =Chembe
|nickname = The Cape&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Medical Times&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imt.ie/news/2008/06/life_as_a_gp_in_malawi_the_war.html |title=Life as a GP in Malawi —the warm heart of Africa |accessdate=24 June 2008 |date=10 June 2008 |last=Collins |first=Dr. Martina |work=[[Irish Medical Times]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602011008/http://www.imt.ie/news/2008/06/life_as_a_gp_in_malawi_the_war.html |archivedate=2 June 2009 |df=dmy }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|settlement_type = &lt;!--Magaalo ama Tuulo (Banaan u dhaaf haddii ay tahay Magaalo)--&gt; 
|motto = 
&lt;!-- sawirada iyo khariidadaha -----------&gt; 
|image_skyline =Otter Point, Cape Maclear (Malawi).jpg 
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption =Otter Point, Cape Maclear 
|image_flag = 
|flag_size = 
|image_seal = 
|seal_size = 
|image_shield = 
|shield_size = 
|image_blank_emblem = 
|blank_emblem_type = 
|blank_emblem_size = 
|image_map = 
|mapsize = 
|map_caption = 
|image_map1 = 
|mapsize1 = 
|map_caption1 = 
|image_dot_map = 
|dot_mapsize = 
|dot_map_caption = 
|dot_x = 
|dot_y = 
|pushpin_map = Malawi
|pushpin_mapsize=240
|pushpin_label_position =bottom 
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Malawi
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt; 
|subdivision_type = Waddan 
|subdivision_name =  Malawi 
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Mangochi District]] 
|subdivision_type3 = 
|subdivision_name3 = 
|subdivision_type4 = 
|subdivision_name4 = 
&lt;!-- Siyaasadda -----------------&gt; 
|government_footnotes = 
|government_type = 
|leader_title = 
|leader_name = 
|leader_title1 = 
|leader_name1 = 
|leader_title2 = 
|leader_name2 = 
|leader_title3 = 
|leader_name3 = 
|leader_title4 = 
|leader_name4 = 
|established_title = 
&lt;!-- La dejiyay --&gt; 
|established_date = 
|established_title2 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (tuulo) --&gt; 
|established_date2 = 
|established_title3 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (magaalo) --&gt; 
|established_date3 = 
&lt;!-- Bedka ---------------------&gt; 
|area_magnitude = 
|unit_pref =Imperial 
|area_footnotes = 
|area_total_km2 = 
|area_land_km2 = 
|area_water_km2 = 
|area_total_sq_mi = 
|area_land_sq_mi = 
|area_water_sq_mi = 
|area_water_percent = 
|area_urban_km2 = 
|area_urban_sq_mi = 
|area_metro_km2 = 
|area_metro_sq_mi = 
|area_blank1_title = 
|area_blank1_km2 = 
|area_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Dadweynaha -----------------------&gt; 
|population_as_of = 2008
|population_footnotes = 
|population_note = 
|population_total = 
|population_density_km2 = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|population_metro = 
|population_density_metro_km2 = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_urban = 
|population_density_urban_km2 = 
|population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
|population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha 
|population_blank1 = 
|population_blank2_title = Diimaha 
|population_blank2 = 
|population_density_blank1_km2 = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud ---------------&gt; 
|timezone = +2
|utc_offset = 
|timezone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|coordinates = {{coord|14|01|S|34|51|E|region:MW|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m = 
|elevation_ft =
|blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
|blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] 
&lt;!-- Xeerarka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt; 
|postal_code_type = 
|postal_code = 
|area_code = 
|blank_name = 
|blank_info = 
|blank1_name = 
|blank1_info = 
|website = 
|footnotes = 
}}

'''Cape Maclear''' ama '''Chembe''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]] ee [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee dalka [[Malawi]]. Magaalada, oo ku taal Gacanka Nankumba, waxay ku taal xeebta koonfureed ee [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] waana goobta dalxiis ee ugu mashquulka badan Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Busiest&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html?pageNum=2|title=Malawi: On a mission in Africa (2)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=5 February 2001|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Rogers|first=Douglas}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cape Maclear waxay u dhowdahay jasiiradaha Domwe, Thumbwe iyo [[Mumbo Island]] ee [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Domwe&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=201|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ku taal [[Lake Malawi National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Malawi]].

==Taariikhda==
Sanadkii 1859, [[missionary|hageeyaha]] iyo [[exploration|sahmiyaha]] [[David Livingstone]] ayaa helay Cape-ka, wuxuuna u bixiyay &quot;Cape Maclear&quot; si uu u xuso saaxiibkiis, [[astronomer|xiddigisyahanka]] [[Thomas Maclear]], oo ahaa Xiddigisyahanka Boqortooyada ee [[Cape of Good Hope]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Discover&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass|url-access=registration|title=Camping with the Prince and Other Tales of Science in Africa: And Other|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=1990|last=Bass|first=Thomas A.|isbn=0-395-41502-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass/page/94 94]|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Astronomer Royal&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/narrativeanexpe06livigoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/narrativeanexpe06livigoog/page/n404 368]|title=Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries: And of the|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=1865|publisher=J. Murray|last=Livingstone|first=David}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Oktoobar 1875, goob cusub oo hawlgallo diimeed ah, &quot;[[Livingstonia, Malawi|Livingstonia]]&quot;, ayaa waxaa aasaasay koox xubno ka ah [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Kaniisadda Xorta ah ee Scotland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Livingstonia&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=160|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;October 1875&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8XSs9xIEIC|title=The Steamer Parish: The Rise and Fall of Missionary Medicine on an African|year=2000|last=Good|first=Charles M.|page=61|accessdate=24 June 2008|isbn=0-226-30281-4|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kahor intaysan imaan hageeyayaashu, aagga waxaa gacanta ku hayay [[Muslim|Muslimiinta]] [[Yao (ethnic group in Africa)|dadka Yao]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Yao&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8XSs9xIEIC|title=The Steamer Parish: The Rise and Fall of Missionary Medicine on an African|year=2000|last=Good|first=Charles M.|page=62|accessdate=24 June 2008|isbn=0-226-30281-4|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qabuuraha qaar ka mid ah hageeyayaasha ayaa ku yaalla Cape Maclear, iyagoo kor eegaya gacanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Activities&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=202|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo Cape Maclear uu lahaa deked wanaagsan, carradu liidata ee aagga, iyo ku badnaanshaha [[tsetse fly|duqsiga tsetse]], waxay la macno ahayd in saldhig ku habboon la helo;&lt;ref name=&quot;New base&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&amp;coll=moa&amp;view=50&amp;root=%2Fmoa%2Famis%2Famis0033%2F&amp;tif=00041.TIF|title=The American missionary|date=1 February 1879|accessdate=24 June 2008|publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; hawlgalku wuxuu u guuray [[Bandawe]], oo u dhow [[Chintheche]], sanadkii 1882.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bandawa&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&amp;coll=moa&amp;view=50&amp;root=%2Fmoa%2Famis%2Famis0036%2F&amp;tif=00216.TIF|title=The American missionary|date=1 July 1882|accessdate=24 June 2008|publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Duurjoogta==
[[File:Lake Malawi - Cape Maclear - Thumbi Island Sunset.jpg|thumb|left|Looking towards Thumbi Island]]
Cape Maclear iyo jasiiradaha, kaymaha iyo gacanka waxaa loo aqoonsaday beerta qaranka sanadkii 1980, taas oo abuurtay [[Lake Malawi National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Malawi]], taas oo ah beertii ugu horreysay ee [[freshwater|biyo macaan]] ee caalamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abendblatt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2007/06/30/764048.html?s=1|title=Das &quot;warme Herz Afrikas&quot; liegt im Süden (1)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=30 June 2007|work=[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]|last=Fischer|first=Andreas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1984, aaggu wuxuu noqday [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|Goob Dhaxal Adduun oo UNESCO ah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;created 1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass|url-access=registration|title=Camping with the Prince and Other Tales of Science in Africa: And Other|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=1990|last=Bass|first=Thomas A.|page=[https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass/page/93 93]|isbn=0-395-41502-0|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira noocyo dhowr ah oo shimbiro ah oo ku nool Cape Maclear, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[kingfisher|shimbiroodka]], Dickinson's kestrels, iyo freckled nightjars.&lt;ref name=&quot;Breeds&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC|title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2005|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=0-691-12219-9|last=Riley|first=Laura|author2=Riley, William|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC/page/n397 100]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ku yaal matxaf ku saabsan samaysanka Harada Malawi iyo duurjoogteeda oo ku yaal Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;Domwe&quot;/&gt; [[UNESCO]] waxay ku talisay in duurjoogta lagu dhowro Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO recommend&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=67150|title=Malawi scouts investors for tourism initiative...|date=20 May 2005|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=Engineering News|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==
[[File:Sunset at Cape Macclear (Malawi).jpg|thumb|left|[[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] ee Cape Maclear]]
Cape Maclear waa &quot;meel hormuud u ah dalxiiska&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO recommend&quot;/&gt; waana goobta ugu mashquulka badan ee dalxiiska ee Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Busiest&quot;/&gt; Aaggu waa mid caan ku ah [[backpacking (travel)|dalxiisayaasha boorsooyinka wata]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Backpackers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2003/jun/08/malawi.watersportsholidays.wildlifeholidays|title=Take the plunge in the lake of stars|last=Walters|first=Joanna|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=8 June 2003|work=[[The Observer]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ku yaal baarar, maqaayado, hoy iyo guryo marti ah magaalada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Facilities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905110813/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 September 2008|title=Malawi: On a mission in Africa (1)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=5 February 2001|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Rogers|first=Douglas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hawlaha laga heli karo Cape Maclear waxaa ka mid ah [[snorkelling|biyaha hoostooda oo la dabbaasho]], socodka, safarrada doonyaha, [[kayaking|doonyaha yaryar]], iyo dhex-quusitaanka. Bishii Oktoobar 2001, dowladda Malawi waxay ku casuuntay maalgashadayaal inay maalgeliso dhismaha $6,000,000 ee hudheel cusub oo 150-qol ah, afar-xiddigood ah oo ku yaal Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;New hotel&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=12112|title=Malawi seeks investor for hotel project|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=Engineering News|date=19 October 2001|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Juun 2003, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay qorshayaal lagu dhisayo hoy-eco oo ku taal Jasiiradda Maleri, oo u dhow Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;New lodge&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=
http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=36804|title=Malawi plans development of eco-lodges|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=13 June 2003|work=Engineering News|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Febraayo 2005, dowladda Malawi waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal lagu kordhinayo [[ecotourism|dalxiiska deegaanka]] ee Cape Maclear oo leh hoy iyo adeegyo cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;More ecotourism&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=62664|title=Tenders invited for Lake Malawi ecotourism project|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=18 February 2005|work=[[Engineering News (Creamer Media)|Engineering News]]|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qorshayaashan ayaa u muuqday kuwo aad u hammi badan oo aan la socon dhaqaalaha jilicsan ee Malawi iyo warshadaha dalxiiska.

==Gaadiidka==
Bishii Febraayo 2006, dowladda Malawi waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal lagu dhisayo waddo cusub oo ka timaada Cape Maclear kuna socota [[Monkey Bay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Road&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200602280116.html|title=Malawi: Investors, Tourists Wear Smile in Cape Maclear|date=28 February 2006|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waddada hadda jirta waa mid boodh leh oo qallafsan,&lt;ref name=&quot;Dirt&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=204|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana jirto gaadiid dadwayne oo joogto ah oo ka shaqeeya Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;No Public&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2001/apr/06/netjetters2000sam.netjetters|title=Animal magic|date=6 April 2001|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeegga baska ee joogtada ah wuxuu ka kordhiyaa oo kaliya Lilongwe ilaa Monkey Bay halkaas oo minibuses gaar loo leeyahay laga kireysan karo safarka ilaa Cape Maclear.

==Daryeelka Caafimaadka==
Billy Riordan Memorial Clinic waxaa halkan laga aasaasay sanadkii 2004 si loo daweeyo cudurrada sida [[dysentery|shubanka dhiigga]], [[bilharzia|bilharziya]] iyo [[malaria|malaariyada]]. Ma jiraan adeegyo baaritaan ama qalliin oo lagu sameeyo rugta caafimaadka. Mags Riordan ayaa aasaastay rugta, iyadu waa hooyada nin ku degay Harada Malawi, oo u dhow Cape Maclear sanadkii 1999. Rugta caafimaadka waxaa taageera Mashruuca Billy Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Medical Times&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.imt.ie/news/gps-needed-for-malawi-project-28-05-2008/|title=GPs needed for Malawi project|date=2008-05-28|work=Irish Medical Times|access-date=2017-03-31|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilharziya waa wax caadi ah oo ka dhaca Cape Maclear; dhacdooyinka cudurka ee Cape Maclear waxay ahaayeen saddex jeer ka sarreeya inta kale ee Harada Malawi sanadkii 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bilharzia&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LWTibZ1fRbsC|title=Travellers' Health: How to Stay Healthy Abroad|last=Dawood|first=Richard M.|year=2002|accessdate=24 June 2008|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-262947-6|page=108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ciyaaraha==
Xagaa kasta, tartanka doomaha ee dhowrka maalmood ah ayaa lagu qabtaa Harada Malawi. Tartanku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Cape Maclear, wuxuu u socdaa waqooyi, wuxuuna ku dhammaadaa [[Nkhata Bay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Yacht&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=
http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2007/06/30/764048.html?s=2|title=Das &quot;warme Herz Afrikas&quot; liegt im Süden (2)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=30 June 2007|last=Fischer|first=Andreas|work=[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Cape Maclear}}

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      <text bytes="16308" sha1="bn7czx98m5fzygmfswfzul3fdohwdq2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
&lt;!--Eeg Jadwalka Infobox Settlement ee dhammaan beeraha iyo sharraxaadaha isticmaalka--&gt; 
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ----------------&gt; |official_name = Cape Maclear
|other_name = 
|native_name =Chembe
|nickname = The Cape&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Medical Times&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imt.ie/news/2008/06/life_as_a_gp_in_malawi_the_war.html |title=Life as a GP in Malawi —the warm heart of Africa |accessdate=24 June 2008 |date=10 June 2008 |last=Collins |first=Dr. Martina |work=[[Irish Medical Times]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602011008/http://www.imt.ie/news/2008/06/life_as_a_gp_in_malawi_the_war.html |archivedate=2 June 2009 |df=dmy }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|settlement_type = &lt;!--Magaalo ama Tuulo (Banaan u dhaaf haddii ay tahay Magaalo)--&gt; 
|motto = 
&lt;!-- sawirada iyo khariidadaha -----------&gt; 
|image_skyline =Otter Point, Cape Maclear (Malawi).jpg 
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption =Otter Point, Cape Maclear 
|image_flag = 
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|pushpin_map = Malawi
|pushpin_mapsize=240
|pushpin_label_position =bottom 
|pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Malawi
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt; 
|subdivision_type = Waddan 
|subdivision_name =  Malawi 
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] 
|subdivision_name2 = [[Mangochi District]] 
|subdivision_type3 = 
|subdivision_name3 = 
|subdivision_type4 = 
|subdivision_name4 = 
&lt;!-- Siyaasadda -----------------&gt; 
|government_footnotes = 
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|leader_name = 
|leader_title1 = 
|leader_name1 = 
|leader_title2 = 
|leader_name2 = 
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|leader_title4 = 
|leader_name4 = 
|established_title = 
&lt;!-- La dejiyay --&gt; 
|established_date = 
|established_title2 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (tuulo) --&gt; 
|established_date2 = 
|established_title3 = 
&lt;!-- La daray (magaalo) --&gt; 
|established_date3 = 
&lt;!-- Bedka ---------------------&gt; 
|area_magnitude = 
|unit_pref =Imperial 
|area_footnotes = 
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&lt;!-- Dadweynaha -----------------------&gt; 
|population_as_of = 2008
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|population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha 
|population_blank1 = 
|population_blank2_title = Diimaha 
|population_blank2 = 
|population_density_blank1_km2 = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud ---------------&gt; 
|timezone = +2
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|coordinates = {{coord|14|01|S|34|51|E|region:MW|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m = 
|elevation_ft =
|blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
|blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] 
&lt;!-- Xeerarka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt; 
|postal_code_type = 
|postal_code = 
|area_code = 
|blank_name = 
|blank_info = 
|blank1_name = 
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}}

'''Cape Maclear''' ama '''Chembe''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Mangochi District|Degmada Mangochi]] ee [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee dalka [[Malawi]]. Magaalada, oo ku taal Gacanka Nankumba, waxay ku taal xeebta koonfureed ee [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] waana goobta dalxiis ee ugu mashquulka badan Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Busiest&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html?pageNum=2|title=Malawi: On a mission in Africa (2)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=5 February 2001|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Rogers|first=Douglas}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cape Maclear waxay u dhowdahay jasiiradaha Domwe, Thumbwe iyo [[Mumbo Island]] ee [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Domwe&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=201|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ku taal [[Lake Malawi National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Malawi]].

==Taariikhda==
Sanadkii 1859, [[missionary|hageeyaha]] iyo [[exploration|sahmiyaha]] [[David Livingstone]] ayaa helay Cape-ka, wuxuuna u bixiyay &quot;Cape Maclear&quot; si uu u xuso saaxiibkiis, [[astronomer|xiddigisyahanka]] [[Thomas Maclear]], oo ahaa Xiddigisyahanka Boqortooyada ee [[Cape of Good Hope]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Discover&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass|url-access=registration|title=Camping with the Prince and Other Tales of Science in Africa: And Other|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=1990|last=Bass|first=Thomas A.|isbn=0-395-41502-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass/page/94 94]|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Astronomer Royal&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/narrativeanexpe06livigoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/narrativeanexpe06livigoog/page/n404 368]|title=Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries: And of the|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=1865|publisher=J. Murray|last=Livingstone|first=David}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Oktoobar 1875, goob cusub oo hawlgallo diimeed ah, &quot;[[Livingstonia, Malawi|Livingstonia]]&quot;, ayaa waxaa aasaasay koox xubno ka ah [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Kaniisadda Xorta ah ee Scotland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Livingstonia&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=160|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;October 1875&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8XSs9xIEIC|title=The Steamer Parish: The Rise and Fall of Missionary Medicine on an African|year=2000|last=Good|first=Charles M.|page=61|accessdate=24 June 2008|isbn=0-226-30281-4|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kahor intaysan imaan hageeyayaashu, aagga waxaa gacanta ku hayay [[Muslim|Muslimiinta]] [[Yao (ethnic group in Africa)|dadka Yao]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Yao&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8XSs9xIEIC|title=The Steamer Parish: The Rise and Fall of Missionary Medicine on an African|year=2000|last=Good|first=Charles M.|page=62|accessdate=24 June 2008|isbn=0-226-30281-4|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qabuuraha qaar ka mid ah hageeyayaasha ayaa ku yaalla Cape Maclear, iyagoo kor eegaya gacanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Activities&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=202|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo Cape Maclear uu lahaa deked wanaagsan, carradu liidata ee aagga, iyo ku badnaanshaha [[tsetse fly|duqsiga tsetse]], waxay la macno ahayd in saldhig ku habboon la helo;&lt;ref name=&quot;New base&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&amp;coll=moa&amp;view=50&amp;root=%2Fmoa%2Famis%2Famis0033%2F&amp;tif=00041.TIF|title=The American missionary|date=1 February 1879|accessdate=24 June 2008|publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; hawlgalku wuxuu u guuray [[Bandawe]], oo u dhow [[Chintheche]], sanadkii 1882.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bandawa&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&amp;coll=moa&amp;view=50&amp;root=%2Fmoa%2Famis%2Famis0036%2F&amp;tif=00216.TIF|title=The American missionary|date=1 July 1882|accessdate=24 June 2008|publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Duurjoogta==
[[File:Lake Malawi - Cape Maclear - Thumbi Island Sunset.jpg|thumb|left|Looking towards Thumbi Island]]
Cape Maclear iyo jasiiradaha, kaymaha iyo gacanka waxaa loo aqoonsaday beerta qaranka sanadkii 1980, taas oo abuurtay [[Lake Malawi National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Malawi]], taas oo ah beertii ugu horreysay ee [[freshwater|biyo macaan]] ee caalamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abendblatt&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2007/06/30/764048.html?s=1|title=Das &quot;warme Herz Afrikas&quot; liegt im Süden (1)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=30 June 2007|work=[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]|last=Fischer|first=Andreas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1984, aaggu wuxuu noqday [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|Goob Dhaxal Adduun oo UNESCO ah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;created 1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass|url-access=registration|title=Camping with the Prince and Other Tales of Science in Africa: And Other|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=1990|last=Bass|first=Thomas A.|page=[https://archive.org/details/campingwithprinc00bass/page/93 93]|isbn=0-395-41502-0|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira noocyo dhowr ah oo shimbiro ah oo ku nool Cape Maclear, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[kingfisher|shimbiroodka]], Dickinson's kestrels, iyo freckled nightjars.&lt;ref name=&quot;Breeds&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC|title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2005|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=0-691-12219-9|last=Riley|first=Laura|author2=Riley, William|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC/page/n397 100]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ku yaal matxaf ku saabsan samaysanka Harada Malawi iyo duurjoogteeda oo ku yaal Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;Domwe&quot;/&gt; [[UNESCO]] waxay ku talisay in duurjoogta lagu dhowro Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO recommend&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=67150|title=Malawi scouts investors for tourism initiative...|date=20 May 2005|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=Engineering News|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalxiiska ==
[[File:Sunset at Cape Macclear (Malawi).jpg|thumb|left|[[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]] ee Cape Maclear]]
Cape Maclear waa &quot;meel hormuud u ah dalxiiska&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO recommend&quot;/&gt; waana goobta ugu mashquulka badan ee dalxiiska ee Harada Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Busiest&quot;/&gt; Aaggu waa mid caan ku ah [[backpacking (travel)|dalxiisayaasha boorsooyinka wata]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Backpackers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2003/jun/08/malawi.watersportsholidays.wildlifeholidays|title=Take the plunge in the lake of stars|last=Walters|first=Joanna|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=8 June 2003|work=[[The Observer]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ku yaal baarar, maqaayado, hoy iyo guryo marti ah magaalada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Facilities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905110813/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 September 2008|title=Malawi: On a mission in Africa (1)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=5 February 2001|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|last=Rogers|first=Douglas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hawlaha laga heli karo Cape Maclear waxaa ka mid ah [[snorkelling|biyaha hoostooda oo la dabbaasho]], socodka, safarrada doonyaha, [[kayaking|doonyaha yaryar]], iyo dhex-quusitaanka. Bishii Oktoobar 2001, dowladda Malawi waxay ku casuuntay maalgashadayaal inay maalgeliso dhismaha $6,000,000 ee hudheel cusub oo 150-qol ah, afar-xiddigood ah oo ku yaal Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;New hotel&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=12112|title=Malawi seeks investor for hotel project|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=Engineering News|date=19 October 2001|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Juun 2003, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay qorshayaal lagu dhisayo hoy-eco oo ku taal Jasiiradda Maleri, oo u dhow Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;New lodge&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=
http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=36804|title=Malawi plans development of eco-lodges|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=13 June 2003|work=Engineering News|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Febraayo 2005, dowladda Malawi waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal lagu kordhinayo [[ecotourism|dalxiiska deegaanka]] ee Cape Maclear oo leh hoy iyo adeegyo cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;More ecotourism&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=62664|title=Tenders invited for Lake Malawi ecotourism project|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=18 February 2005|work=[[Engineering News (Creamer Media)|Engineering News]]|last=Chimwala|first=Marcel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qorshayaashan ayaa u muuqday kuwo aad u hammi badan oo aan la socon dhaqaalaha jilicsan ee Malawi iyo warshadaha dalxiiska.

==Gaadiidka==
Bishii Febraayo 2006, dowladda Malawi waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal lagu dhisayo waddo cusub oo ka timaada Cape Maclear kuna socota [[Monkey Bay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Road&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200602280116.html|title=Malawi: Investors, Tourists Wear Smile in Cape Maclear|date=28 February 2006|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=[[AllAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waddada hadda jirta waa mid boodh leh oo qallafsan,&lt;ref name=&quot;Dirt&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|accessdate=24 June 2008|year=2007|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|page=204|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana jirto gaadiid dadwayne oo joogto ah oo ka shaqeeya Cape Maclear.&lt;ref name=&quot;No Public&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2001/apr/06/netjetters2000sam.netjetters|title=Animal magic|date=6 April 2001|accessdate=24 June 2008|work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeegga baska ee joogtada ah wuxuu ka kordhiyaa oo kaliya Lilongwe ilaa Monkey Bay halkaas oo minibuses gaar loo leeyahay laga kireysan karo safarka ilaa Cape Maclear.

==Daryeelka Caafimaadka==
Billy Riordan Memorial Clinic waxaa halkan laga aasaasay sanadkii 2004 si loo daweeyo cudurrada sida [[dysentery|shubanka dhiigga]], [[bilharzia|bilharziya]] iyo [[malaria|malaariyada]]. Ma jiraan adeegyo baaritaan ama qalliin oo lagu sameeyo rugta caafimaadka. Mags Riordan ayaa aasaastay rugta, iyadu waa hooyada nin ku degay Harada Malawi, oo u dhow Cape Maclear sanadkii 1999. Rugta caafimaadka waxaa taageera Mashruuca Billy Malawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Medical Times&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.imt.ie/news/gps-needed-for-malawi-project-28-05-2008/|title=GPs needed for Malawi project|date=2008-05-28|work=Irish Medical Times|access-date=2017-03-31|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilharziya waa wax caadi ah oo ka dhaca Cape Maclear; dhacdooyinka cudurka ee Cape Maclear waxay ahaayeen saddex jeer ka sarreeya inta kale ee Harada Malawi sanadkii 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bilharzia&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LWTibZ1fRbsC|title=Travellers' Health: How to Stay Healthy Abroad|last=Dawood|first=Richard M.|year=2002|accessdate=24 June 2008|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-262947-6|page=108}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ciyaaraha==
Xagaa kasta, tartanka doomaha ee dhowrka maalmood ah ayaa lagu qabtaa Harada Malawi. Tartanku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Cape Maclear, wuxuu u socdaa waqooyi, wuxuuna ku dhammaadaa [[Nkhata Bay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Yacht&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=
http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2007/06/30/764048.html?s=2|title=Das &quot;warme Herz Afrikas&quot; liegt im Süden (2)|accessdate=24 June 2008|date=30 June 2007|last=Fischer|first=Andreas|work=[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==


{{coord|14|01|S|34|51|E|display=title|region:MW_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox basketball club</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>47775</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299191</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T07:44:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299191</origin>
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      <text bytes="9580" sha1="s0j9k4ezrk7nhxdta884r46y3hvu0db" xml:space="preserve">{{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |&lt;!--Waxba ha qaban--&gt; |{{#invoke:Type in location|main|Kooxda kubbadda koleyga|{{if empty|{{{location|}}}|{{{city|}}}}}}}}}}}{{infobox
| bodyclass = vcard
| templatestyles = Infobox basketball club/styles.css

| abovestyle = {{#if:{{{defunct|}}}| |{{#if:{{{color1|}}}{{{colour1|}}}{{{color2|}}}{{{colour2|}}}{{{color3|}}}{{{color3|}}}
 |color:{{if empty|{{{color1|}}}|{{{colour1|}}}|black}}; background-color:{{if empty|{{{color2|}}}|{{{colour2|}}}|transparent}}; border: 3px solid {{if empty|{{{color3|}}}|{{{colour3|}}}|transparent}};
 |{{Basketball color cell|{{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{clubname|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}|border=3|simple=1}}
 }}}}
| above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{clubname|}}}|&lt;includeonly&gt;{{PAGENAMEBASE}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}
| aboveclass = fn org

| headerstyle = background-color:#EEEEEE;color:inherit;

| subheader = {{#if:{{{current|}}}
 | [[File:Basketball current event.svg|30px|alt=|link=]] ''[[{{{current}}}]]''
 }}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{logo|}}}|{{{image|}}}}}|size={{if empty|{{{logo_size|}}}|{{{image_size|}}}|{{{imagesize|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|title={{{name}}} logo}}
| caption = {{{logo_caption|}}}

| label1 = Naaneys
| data1 = {{{nickname|}}}

| label2 = Shirweynaha
| data2 = {{{conference|}}}

| label3 = Qaybta
| data3 = {{{division|}}}

| label4 = {{#if:{{{league|}}}|Horyaal|Horyaallada}}
| data4 = {{if empty|{{{league|}}}|{{{leagues|}}}}}

| label5 = {{#if:{{{established|}}}|La aasaasay|La asaasay}}
| data5 = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{founded|}}}}}

| label6 = {{#if:{{{folded|}}}|La laalay|{{#if:{{{dissolved|}}}|La kala diray|La baxay}}}}
| data6 = {{if empty|{{{folded|}}}|{{{dissolved|}}}|{{{withdrew|}}}}}

| label7 = Taariikh
| data7 = {{{history|}}}

| label8 = {{#if:{{{arena|}}}|Garoon|Stadiyam}}
| data8 = {{if empty|{{{arena|}}}|{{{stadium|}}}}}

| label9 = Awoodda
| data9 = {{{capacity|}}}

| label10 = Goobta
| data10 = {{if empty|{{{location|}}}|{{{city|}}}}}

| label11 = Midabada kooxda
| data11 = {{if empty|{{{colours|}}}|{{{colors|}}}}}

| label12 = {{#if:{{{sponsor|}}}|Maalgeliyaha ugu weyn|Shirkad}}
| data12 = {{if empty|{{{sponsor|}}}|{{{company|}}}}}

| label13 = Madaxa fulinta (CEO)
| data13 = {{{ceo|}}}

| label14 = Guddoomiyaha
| data14 = {{if empty|{{{chairman|}}}|{{{chairman|}}}}}

| label15 = Madaxweynaha
| data15 = {{if empty|{{{president|}}}|{{{President|}}}}}

| label16 = Madaxweyne ku xigeen{{pluralize from text|{{{vice-presidents|}}}|plural=o}}
| data16 = {{{vice-presidents|}}}

| label17 = {{#if:{{{gm|}}}|{{nowrap|Maareeyaha guud}}|Guddoomiyaha guddiga}}
| data17 = {{if empty|{{{gm|}}}|{{{board_governor|}}}}}

| label18 = Maareeyaha kooxda
| data18 = {{{manager|}}}

| label19 = Tababaraha kooxda{{#if:{{{coaches|}}}|yaasha}}
| data19 = {{if empty|{{{coaches|}}}|{{{coach|}}}}}

| label20 = Tababare ku xigeen{{pluralize from text|{{{assistants|}}}|plural=o}}
| data20 = {{{assistants|}}}

| label21 = Kabtanka kooxda
| data21 = {{{captain|}}}

| label22 = Lahaanshaha
| data22 = {{if empty|{{{ownership|}}}|{{{owner|}}}|{{{owners|}}}}}

| label23 = Xiriirka{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{affiliation|}}}|{{{affiliations|}}}}}|ka}}
| data23 = {{if empty|{{{affiliation|}}}|{{{affiliations|}}}}}

| label24 = {{#if:{{{season|}}}|{{{season}}} booska|Booska xilli ciyaareedkii ugu dambeeyay}}
| data24 = {{{position|}}}

| label25 = Horyaallada
| data25 = {{if empty|{{{championships|}}}|{{{league_champs|}}}}}

| label26 = Horyaallada qaybta/shirweynaha
| data26 = {{{division_champs|}}}

| label27 = {{nowrap|Horyaallada shirweynaha}}
| data27 = {{{conf_champs|}}}

| label28 = Horyaallada qaybta
| data28 = {{{div_champs|}}}

| label29 = {{#if:{{{competition1|}}}|{{{competition1}}} horyaallada}}
| data29 = {{{competition1_champs|}}}

| label30 = {{#if:{{{competition2|}}}|{{{competition2}}} horyaallada}}
| data30 = {{{competition2_champs|}}}

| label31 = {{#if:{{{competition3|}}}|{{{competition3}}} horyaallada}}
| data31 = {{{competition3_champs|}}}

| label32 = {{#if:{{{competition4|}}}|{{{competition4}}} horyaallada}}
| data32 = {{{competition4_champs|}}}

| label33 = Ka soo qaybgalka Playoff
| data33 = {{{playoff_appearances|}}}

| label34 = Lambarrada la hawlgabiyay
| data34 = {{if empty|{{{retired_numbers|}}}|{{{ret_nums|}}}}}

| label35 = Mareegta
| data35 = {{{website|}}}
| data36 = {{#if:{{{1_title|}}}{{{1_body|}}}{{{1_pattern_b|}}}{{{1_shorts|}}}{{{1_pattern_s|}}} {{{2_title|}}}{{{2_body|}}}{{{2_pattern_b|}}}{{{2_shorts|}}}{{{2_pattern_s|}}} {{{3_title|}}}{{{3_body|}}}{{{3_pattern_b|}}}{{{3_shorts|}}}{{{3_pattern_s|}}} {{{4_title|}}}{{{4_body|}}}{{{4_pattern_b|}}}{{{4_shorts|}}}{{{4_pattern_s|}}} {{{5_title|}}}{{{5_body|}}}{{{5_pattern_b|}}}{{{5_shorts|}}}{{{5_pattern_s|}}} {{{6_title|}}}{{{6_body|}}}{{{6_pattern_b|}}}{{{6_shorts|}}}{{{6_pattern_s|}}}{{{h_body|}}}{{{h_pattern_b|}}}{{{h_shorts|}}}{{{h_pattern_s|}}}{{{a_body|}}}{{{a_pattern_b|}}}{{{a_shorts|}}}{{{a_pattern_s|}}}
 |&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #ffffff;color:inherit; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;kit&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
{{#if:{{{h_body|}}}{{{h_pattern_b|}}}{{{h_shorts|}}}{{{h_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{h_title|[[Basketball uniform|Home]]}}}
 | body = {{{h_body|ffffff}}}
 | pattern_b = {{{h_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{h_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{h_shorts|ffffff}}}
 | pattern_s =  {{{h_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{a_body|}}}{{{a_pattern_b|}}}{{{a_shorts|}}}{{{a_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{a_title|[[Basketball uniform|Away]]}}}
 | body = {{{a_body|ffffff}}}
 | pattern_b = {{{a_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{a_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{a_shorts|ffffff}}}
 | pattern_s =  {{{a_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{1_body|}}}{{{1_pattern_b|}}}{{{1_shorts|}}}{{{1_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{1_title|[[Basketball uniform|Home]]}}}
 | body = {{{1_body|ffffff}}}
 | pattern_b = {{{1_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{1_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{1_shorts|ffffff}}}
 | pattern_s =  {{{1_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{2_body|}}}{{{2_pattern_b|}}}{{{2_shorts|}}}{{{2_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{2_title|[[Away colours|Away]]}}}
 | body = {{{2_body|eeeeee}}} 
 | pattern_b = {{{2_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{2_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{2_shorts|eeeeee}}} 
 | pattern_s = {{{2_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{3_title|}}}{{{3_body|}}}{{{3_pattern_b|}}}{{{3_shorts|}}}{{{3_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{3_title|[[Third jersey|Third]]}}}
 | body = {{{3_body|}}}
 | pattern_b = {{{3_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{3_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{3_shorts|}}}
 | pattern_s = {{{3_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{3_title|}}}{{{3_body|}}}{{{3_pattern_b|}}}{{{3_shorts|}}}{{{3_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{4_title|}}}{{{4_body|}}}{{{4_pattern_b|}}}{{{4_shorts|}}}{{{4_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{4_title|[[Third jersey|Fourth]]}}}
 | body = {{{4_body|}}}
 | pattern_b = {{{4_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{4_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{4_shorts|}}}
 | pattern_s = {{{4_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{5_title|}}}{{{5_body|}}}{{{5_pattern_b|}}}{{{5_shorts|}}}{{{5_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{5_title|[[Third jersey|Fifth]]}}}
 | body = {{{5_body|}}}
 | pattern_b = {{{5_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{5_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{5_shorts|}}}
 | pattern_s = {{{5_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}{{#if:{{{6_title|}}}{{{6_body|}}}{{{6_pattern_b|}}}{{{6_shorts|}}}{{{6_pattern_s|}}}|
&lt;td&gt;{{Basketball kit
 | title = {{{6_title|[[Third jersey|Sixth]]}}}
 | body = {{{6_body|}}}
 | pattern_b = {{{6_pattern_b|_unknown}}}
 | filetype = {{{6_filetype_b|png}}}
 | shorts = {{{6_shorts|}}}
 | pattern_s = {{{6_pattern_s|}}}
}}&lt;/td&gt;
}}&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;}}

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox basketball club with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox basketball club]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y| 1_body | 1_pattern_b | 1_pattern_s | 1_shorts | 1_title | 2_body | 2_pattern_b | 2_pattern_s | 2_shorts | 2_title | 3_body | 3_pattern_b | 3_pattern_s | 3_shorts | 3_title | 4_body | 4_pattern_b | 4_pattern_s | 4_shorts | 4_title | 5_body | 5_pattern_b | 5_pattern_s | 5_shorts | 5_title | 6_body | 6_pattern_b | 6_pattern_s | 6_shorts | 6_title | a_body | a_pattern_b | a_pattern_s | a_shorts | a_title | affiliation | affiliations | arena | assistants | board_governor | capacity | captain | ceo | chairman | championships | city | clubname | coach | coaches | color1 | color2 | color3 | colors | colour1 | colour2 | colour3 | colours | company | competition1 | competition1_champs | competition2 | competition2_champs | competition3 | competition3_champs | competition4 | competition4_champs | conf_champs | conference | current | defunct | dissolved | div_champs | division | division_champs | established | folded | founded | gm | h_body | h_pattern_b | h_pattern_s | h_shorts | h_title | history | image | image_size | imagesize | league | league_champs | leagues | location | logo | logo_caption | logo_size | manager | media | name | nickname | owner | owners | ownership | playoff_appearances | position | president | President | ret_nums | retired_numbers | season | sponsor | stadium | vice-presidents | website | withdrew }}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>299192</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T07:45:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} The mobile skin (Minerva) generally inject display: block property to tables to make them scrollable on your phone screen. This could give benefits for large contents, but may also caused some smaller tables shortened and shift to left, even if they are set width:100% property. This is happened in numerous infoboxes. */ body.skin-minerva .infobox table { 	display: table; } body.skin-minerva .infobox caption { 	display: table-caption; } table.kit { 	width:100%;...</comment>
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      <text bytes="706" sha1="n0i3gx0pk78duivxrbiqi0ihwok1meq" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} The mobile skin (Minerva) generally inject display: block property to tables to make them scrollable on your phone screen. This could give benefits for large contents, but may also caused some smaller tables shortened and shift to left, even if they are set width:100% property. This is happened in numerous infoboxes.
*/
body.skin-minerva .infobox table {
	display: table;
}
body.skin-minerva .infobox caption {
	display: table-caption;
}
table.kit {
	width:100%;
	text-align:center;
}
body.skin-minerva table.kit {
	table-layout:fixed;
}
/* Do not set padding to any table cell that display basketball kit, as Template:Basketball kit itself have margin.
*/
table.kit td {
	padding:0;
}</text>
      <sha1>n0i3gx0pk78duivxrbiqi0ihwok1meq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>BC Virunga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47777</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299193</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T07:46:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299193</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4268" sha1="2au3ueu8emi1252yoibuzowuathe6sm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox basketball club|location=[[Goma]], [[North Kivu]], Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|color2=green|color1=white|color3=silver|league=[[Coupe du Congo (basketball)|Koobka Kongo]] &lt;br&gt; [[Road to BAL]]|arena=Bismack Biyombo Indoor Hall|coach=Kipere Mulolwa|image=BC Virunga logo.png|name=Virunga}}

'''Basketball Club Virunga''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''Virunga''', waa koox kubbadda koleyga ah oo reer Kongo ah oo xarunteedu tahay [[Goma]], [[North Kivu]]. Kooxda waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Virunga National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Virunga]], astaanteedana waxaa ku sawiran [[gorilla|gorillay]] maadaama noocan laga heli karo beerta qaranka. Virunga waxay ku guuleysteen [[Coupe du Congo (basketball)|Koobkoodii ugu horreeyay ee Kongo]] sanadkii 2023, ka dib markii ay ka adkaadeen Ami BK oo ay ku wada ciyaareen kama dambeystii lagu qabtay Goma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-20 |title=Coupe du Congo de basket-ball: Virunga sacré champion en version masculine |url=https://acp.cd/sports/coupe-du-congo-de-basket-ball-virunga-sacre-champion-en-version-masculine/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garoonka kooxdu ku ciyaarto waa Bismack Biyombo Indoor Hall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28 |title=BAL: Virunga s’affute déjà pour le 1er tour des éliminatoires |url=https://actualite.cd/2023/09/28/bal-virunga-saffute-deja-pour-le-1er-tour-des-eliminatoires |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Virunga waxay ku matali doontaa Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo [[Road to BAL]] ee [[2024 BAL qualification|tartanka isreebreebka ee 2024.]]

== Sharafta ==
[[Coupe du Congo (basketball)|'''Koobka Kongo''']]

* '''Horyaal (1):''' 2023

== Ciyaartoyda ==

===Liiska ciyaartoyda hadda===
Kani waa liiska ciyaartoyda BC Virunga ee tartanka [[2024 BAL qualification]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BC VIRUNGA at the Africa Champions Clubs ROAD TO B.A.L. 2024 2023 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africaleague/2024/qualifiers/team/BC-VIRUNGA |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Basketball roster nationality note}}
{{Basketball roster header
| team   = BC Virunga | wt= n | ht=n
| color1 =white  | bg1 =  #006600| color2 = #000000| bg2 =silver 
}}
&lt;!-- liiska ciyaartoyda --&gt;
{{Player3 | num = 0 | nat = COD | first = Arsène | last = Mwana Mwamba | pos = PG | m = | kgs =  | year = 2001 | month = 04 | date = 08 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 1 | nat = COD | first = Djedje | last = Mutala Ntita | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 2006 | month = 02 | date = 17 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 2 | nat = COD | first = Bienfait | last = Aganze Kanane | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 2005 | month = 03 | date = 13 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 4 | nat = COD | first = Obed | last = Mabangala Maheshe | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 2003 | month = 12 | date = 16 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 7 | nat = COD | first = Jonathan | last = Monze Nzamba | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 1998 | month = 01 | date = 27 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 8 | nat = COD | first = William | last = Mulumba Tshimanga | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 2006 | month = 12 | date = 24 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 10 | nat = CHA | first = Frank | last = Kamndoh Betoudji | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 1998 | month = 09 | date = 30 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 11 | nat = COD | first = Bienvenue | last = Bolangi Liseko | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 2001 | month = 12 | date = 29 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 13 | nat = COD | first = Chadrack | last = Mpoyi Donat | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 2006 | month = 08 | date = 22 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = 29 | nat = COD | first = Toussaint | last = Mampuya Nzuiki | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 1998 | month = 07 | date = 03 | note =  }}
{{Player3 | num = | nat = COD | first = Noe Toto | last = Cuma | pos =  | m =  | kgs =  | year = 2006 | month = 12 | date = 24 | note =  }}
{{Basketball roster footer
| head_coach = * {{flagicon|COD}} [[Peter Mulolwa]]
| asst_coach = * {{flagicon|COD}} Christophe Ngenda
* {{flagicon|COD}} Muamba Ilunga
| roster_url = https://www.fiba.basketball/africaleague/2024/qualifiers/team/BC-VIRUNGA#tab=overview
| accessdate = 10 October 2023
}}

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Garoonka Diyaaradaha Kamembe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47778</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299194</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T08:06:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299194</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7114" sha1="qwtrkd5n72jfrwtlsnqaowwdv5jahkb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox airport 
| name = Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kamembe
| nativename = 
| nativename-a = 
| nativename-r = 
| image = Kamembe Airport from the runway, 2017 1.jpg
| image-width = 
| caption = Terminalka garoonka Kamembe oo laga eegay dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan, 2017
| IATA  = KME
| ICAO = HRZA
| pushpin_map            = Rwanda
| pushpin_map_caption    = Goobta uu garoonku ku yaallo dalka Rwanda
| pushpin_label          = KME
| pushpin_label_position = right
| type = Rayid
| owner = [[Dowladda Rwanda|Dowladda Rwanda]] 
| operator = Maamulka Garoomada Diyaaradaha ee Rwanda
| city-served = [[Cyangugu]]
| location = Kamembe, [[Rwanda]] 
| elevation-f = 5192
| elevation-m =  
| coordinates = {{coord|02|27|23|S|28|54|35|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| website = 
| metric-elev = 
| metric-rwy = 
| r1-number = 02/20
| r1-length-f = 4,921
| r1-length-m = 1,500
| r1-surface = Laami
| stat-year = 
| stat1-header = 
| stat1-data = 
| stat2-header = 
| stat2-data = 
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kamembe'''({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Kamembe.wav|Dhawaaqa}}), {{airport codes|KME|HRZA}}, waa garoon diyaaradeed oo ku yaalla [[Rwanda]]. Shirkadda RwandAir ayaa ku shaqeysa diyaaradda [[Dash 8-Q400]] iyadoo todobo duullimaad oo kala imaanaya iyo kuwa u socda [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kigali]] sameysa todobaadkiiba. Garoonka ayaa helaya duullimaadyo charter ah oo ka kala imaanaya [[Tansaaniya]], [[Ugaandha]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]], inkastoo aysan ahayn jadwal joogto ah. Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Rwanda, garoonka Kamembe ayaa loo soo jeediyay inuu yahay goob lagu kala wareejiyo hubka Faransiiska oo loo dirayay dowladda ku meel gaarka ah ka dib bishii Abriil 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda – Acknowledging Genocide |author=Alison Des Forges |date=March 1999|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] | url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno15-8-02.htm |access-date=31 May 2020 |location=New York City |
isbn=1-56432-171-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Kamembe_Airport_from_the_outside,_2017_1.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Kamembe oo bannaanka laga eegay, 2017 1]]

==Goobta==
Garoonka Kamembe wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|5|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyiga degmada ganacsiga ee [[Cyangugu]], [[Degmada Rusizi]], ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda]] ee dalka Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Rusizi+Taxi+Park,+3b,+Cyangugu,+Rwanda/A%C3%A9roport+de+Kamembe,+Rwanda/@-2.4734846,28.9025272,13z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c296dcb5ba79c9:0x907f8a7b60aae6cc!2m2!1d28.9176856!2d-2.4877909!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c29653421af92d:0xc345f60bd667dc1e!2m2!1d28.9085001!2d-2.4594051!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Rusizi Taxi Park, Cyangugu and Kamembe Airport in Rwanda |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garoonku wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|147.5|km|0}}, dhanka hawada, koonfur-galbeed ee [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kigali]], oo ah garoonka ugu weyn dalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Distance between Kigali International Airport KGL and Kamembe Airport KME, Flight Time/Duration | url=https://airport.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Between_Airports_Result.asp?from=KGL&amp;to=KME |publisher=Globefeed.com |date=31 May 2020 |author=Globefeed.com |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxa uu ku fadhiyaa joog dhan {{convert|5192|ft|0}} ka sarreeya [[heerka badda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{citation|publisher=Greatcirclemapper.net | url=https://www.greatcirclemapper.net/en/airport/KME-HRZA-kamembe-airport.html |date=31 May 2020 |title=Kamembe Airport (HRZA/KME) |author=Great Circle Mapper |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Garoonka Kamembe waa:
02°27'23.0&quot;S, 28°54'35.0&quot;E (Loolka:-2.456389; Dhigaha:28.909722).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B027'23.0%22S+28%C2%B054'35.0%22E/@-2.4552054,28.9135489,3137m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.4563889!4d28.9097222 |title=Location of Kamembe Airport, Rwanda |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dulmar==
Kamembe waa garoon dhexdhexaad ah oo leh hal dhabaha diyaaradaha oo laami ah 02/20 kaas oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|4921|ft|0}} ballaciisuna yahay {{convert|148|ft|0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;/&gt;

==Taariikh==
Dhismaha terminalka garoonka ayaa si xun u waxyeelloobay dhulgariir dhacay sanadkii 2008,&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://churchmissionsociety.org/our-stories/earthquake-hits-rwanda-and-congo/ |title=Earthquake hits Rwanda and Congo | publisher=Churchmissionsociety.org |date=4 February 2008 | author=Church Mission Society |access-date=31 May 2020 | location=Oxford, United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt; horraantii 2010-kiina dowladda Rwanda ayaa ku dhawaaqday in Garoonka Kamembe la dayactiri doono lana casriyeyn doono.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=fr&amp;volumeid=37&amp;cat=20&amp;storyid=1156 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316103600/http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=fr&amp;volumeid=37&amp;cat=20&amp;storyid=1156 | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 March 2012 |title=Kamembe Airport Will Be Rehabilitated |publisher=Rwanda Information Office (ORINFOR) |date=31 May 2010 |volume=No: 780 |author=Gérard Rugambwa |access-date=31 May 2010 |location=Kigali | format=Archived from the original on 16 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhamaadkii 2012-kii waxaa la dhameystiray terminal cusub, waxaa la furay munaarad kantarool oo cusub, waxaana [[Techno Sky]], oo ah laan ka tirsan shirkadda [[ENAV]] ee Talyaaniga laga leeyahay, ay rakibtay nidaamyo navigation cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Rwanda: Rebuilding of a Nation |date = 2 December 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KMJRCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA161 |editor=Ndahiro, A |editor2=Rwagatare, J. |publisher=African Books Collective |page=161 |isbn = 9791092401035|access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intii lagu guda jiray booqashadii May 2013, [[Wasiirka Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha (Rwanda)|Wasiirka Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha]] [[Albert Nsengiyumva]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay in dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan la ballaarin doono lana dheerayn doono laga bilaabo {{convert|1.5|km|ft}} ilaa {{convert|2|km|ft}} marka la gaaro 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kamembe airport upgrade to boost tourism industry |newspaper=[[New Times (Rwanda)|New Times]] |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=31 May 2020 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/181416 | location=Kigali}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garoonka ayaa dib loo furay bishii Juun 2015, waxaana [[RwandAir]] ay bilowday duullimaadyo joogto ah oo ka dhoofaya garoonka.&lt;ref name=&quot;10R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kamembe Airport ready to open new runway |url=https://www.eturbonews.com/118552/kamembe-airport-ready-open-new-runway/ |publisher=eTurboNews.com | date=15 June 2015 |access-date=31 May 2020 |author=Wolfgang Thome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Travel/691238-819378-jyotl5/index.html/ Rwandair ayaa dib u bilowday duullimaadyadii Nairobi kadib laba toddobaad oo hakad ah] Laga bilaabo 8 Diseembar 2009.</text>
      <sha1>qwtrkd5n72jfrwtlsnqaowwdv5jahkb</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>299195</id>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="7108" sha1="qwusqwazywomsfu92yahscs5f5mq50d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox airport 
| name = Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kamembe
| nativename = 
| nativename-a = 
| nativename-r = 
| image = Kamembe Airport from the runway, 2017 1.jpg
| image-width = 
| caption = Terminalka garoonka Kamembe oo laga eegay dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan, 2017
| IATA  = KME
| ICAO = HRZA
| pushpin_map            = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = Goobta uu garoonku ku yaallo dalka Rwanda
| pushpin_label          = KME
| pushpin_label_position = right
| type = Rayid
| owner = [[Dowladda Rwanda|Dowladda Rwanda]] 
| operator = Maamulka Garoomada Diyaaradaha ee Rwanda
| city-served = [[Cyangugu]]
| location = Kamembe, [[Rwanda]] 
| elevation-f = 5192
| elevation-m =  
| coordinates = {{coord|02|27|23|S|28|54|35|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| website = 
| metric-elev = 
| metric-rwy = 
| r1-number = 02/20
| r1-length-f = 4,921
| r1-length-m = 1,500
| r1-surface = Laami
| stat-year = 
| stat1-header = 
| stat1-data = 
| stat2-header = 
| stat2-data = 
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kamembe'''({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Kamembe.wav|Dhawaaqa}}), {{airport codes|KME|HRZA}}, waa garoon diyaaradeed oo ku yaalla [[Rwanda]]. Shirkadda RwandAir ayaa ku shaqeysa diyaaradda [[Dash 8-Q400]] iyadoo todobo duullimaad oo kala imaanaya iyo kuwa u socda [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kigali]] sameysa todobaadkiiba. Garoonka ayaa helaya duullimaadyo charter ah oo ka kala imaanaya [[Tansaaniya]], [[Ugaandha]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]], inkastoo aysan ahayn jadwal joogto ah. Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Rwanda, garoonka Kamembe ayaa loo soo jeediyay inuu yahay goob lagu kala wareejiyo hubka Faransiiska oo loo dirayay dowladda ku meel gaarka ah ka dib bishii Abriil 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda – Acknowledging Genocide |author=Alison Des Forges |date=March 1999|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] | url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno15-8-02.htm |access-date=31 May 2020 |location=New York City |
isbn=1-56432-171-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Kamembe_Airport_from_the_outside,_2017_1.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Kamembe oo bannaanka laga eegay, 2017 1]]

==Goobta==
Garoonka Kamembe wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|5|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyiga degmada ganacsiga ee [[Cyangugu]], [[Degmada Rusizi]], ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda]] ee dalka Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Rusizi+Taxi+Park,+3b,+Cyangugu,+Rwanda/A%C3%A9roport+de+Kamembe,+Rwanda/@-2.4734846,28.9025272,13z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c296dcb5ba79c9:0x907f8a7b60aae6cc!2m2!1d28.9176856!2d-2.4877909!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c29653421af92d:0xc345f60bd667dc1e!2m2!1d28.9085001!2d-2.4594051!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Rusizi Taxi Park, Cyangugu and Kamembe Airport in Rwanda |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garoonku wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|147.5|km|0}}, dhanka hawada, koonfur-galbeed ee [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kigali]], oo ah garoonka ugu weyn dalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Distance between Kigali International Airport KGL and Kamembe Airport KME, Flight Time/Duration | url=https://airport.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Between_Airports_Result.asp?from=KGL&amp;to=KME |publisher=Globefeed.com |date=31 May 2020 |author=Globefeed.com |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxa uu ku fadhiyaa joog dhan {{convert|5192|ft|0}} ka sarreeya [[heerka badda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{citation|publisher=Greatcirclemapper.net | url=https://www.greatcirclemapper.net/en/airport/KME-HRZA-kamembe-airport.html |date=31 May 2020 |title=Kamembe Airport (HRZA/KME) |author=Great Circle Mapper |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Garoonka Kamembe waa:
02°27'23.0&quot;S, 28°54'35.0&quot;E (Loolka:-2.456389; Dhigaha:28.909722).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B027'23.0%22S+28%C2%B054'35.0%22E/@-2.4552054,28.9135489,3137m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.4563889!4d28.9097222 |title=Location of Kamembe Airport, Rwanda |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dulmar==
Kamembe waa garoon dhexdhexaad ah oo leh hal dhabaha diyaaradaha oo laami ah 02/20 kaas oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|4921|ft|0}} ballaciisuna yahay {{convert|148|ft|0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;/&gt;

==Taariikh==
Dhismaha terminalka garoonka ayaa si xun u waxyeelloobay dhulgariir dhacay sanadkii 2008,&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://churchmissionsociety.org/our-stories/earthquake-hits-rwanda-and-congo/ |title=Earthquake hits Rwanda and Congo | publisher=Churchmissionsociety.org |date=4 February 2008 | author=Church Mission Society |access-date=31 May 2020 | location=Oxford, United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt; horraantii 2010-kiina dowladda Rwanda ayaa ku dhawaaqday in Garoonka Kamembe la dayactiri doono lana casriyeyn doono.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=fr&amp;volumeid=37&amp;cat=20&amp;storyid=1156 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316103600/http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=fr&amp;volumeid=37&amp;cat=20&amp;storyid=1156 | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 March 2012 |title=Kamembe Airport Will Be Rehabilitated |publisher=Rwanda Information Office (ORINFOR) |date=31 May 2010 |volume=No: 780 |author=Gérard Rugambwa |access-date=31 May 2010 |location=Kigali | format=Archived from the original on 16 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhamaadkii 2012-kii waxaa la dhameystiray terminal cusub, waxaa la furay munaarad kantarool oo cusub, waxaana [[Techno Sky]], oo ah laan ka tirsan shirkadda [[ENAV]] ee Talyaaniga laga leeyahay, ay rakibtay nidaamyo navigation cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Rwanda: Rebuilding of a Nation |date = 2 December 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KMJRCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA161 |editor=Ndahiro, A |editor2=Rwagatare, J. |publisher=African Books Collective |page=161 |isbn = 9791092401035|access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intii lagu guda jiray booqashadii May 2013, [[Wasiirka Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha (Rwanda)|Wasiirka Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha]] [[Albert Nsengiyumva]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay in dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan la ballaarin doono lana dheerayn doono laga bilaabo {{convert|1.5|km|ft}} ilaa {{convert|2|km|ft}} marka la gaaro 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kamembe airport upgrade to boost tourism industry |newspaper=[[New Times (Rwanda)|New Times]] |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=31 May 2020 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/181416 | location=Kigali}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garoonka ayaa dib loo furay bishii Juun 2015, waxaana [[RwandAir]] ay bilowday duullimaadyo joogto ah oo ka dhoofaya garoonka.&lt;ref name=&quot;10R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kamembe Airport ready to open new runway |url=https://www.eturbonews.com/118552/kamembe-airport-ready-open-new-runway/ |publisher=eTurboNews.com | date=15 June 2015 |access-date=31 May 2020 |author=Wolfgang Thome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Travel/691238-819378-jyotl5/index.html/ Rwandair ayaa dib u bilowday duullimaadyadii Nairobi kadib laba toddobaad oo hakad ah] Laga bilaabo 8 Diseembar 2009.</text>
      <sha1>qwusqwazywomsfu92yahscs5f5mq50d</sha1>
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| label18   = Dadweynaha{{#if:{{{population|}}}|{{bulleted list|item_style=margin-bottom: 0em;|Wadarta}}{{#if:{{{catholics|}}}|{{bulleted list|item_style=margin-bottom: 0em;|Katooliga}}}}}}
| data18    = {{#if:{{{population|}}}{{{catholics|}}}|{{unbulleted list|style=margin-bottom: 0.1em;|{{#if:{{{population_as_of|}}}|(sannadkii {{{population_as_of}}})|{{nbsp}}}}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{population|}}}&lt;!--
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--&gt;}}{{#if:{{{catholics|}}}&lt;!--
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| label19   = Kaniisadaha (Parishes)
| data19    = {{{parishes|}}}

| label20   = Kaniisadaha
| data20    = {{{churches|}}}

| label21   = Xeryaha
| data21    = {{{congregations|}}}

| label22   = Dugsiyada
| data22    = {{{schools|}}}

| label23   = Xubnaha
| data23    = {{{members|}}}

| header24  = {{#if:{{{rite|}}}{{{first_holder|}}}{{{first_incumbent|}}}{{{date|}}}{{{sui_iuris_church|}}}{{{particular_church|}}}{{{established|}}}{{{founded|}}}{{{dissolved|}}}{{{cathedral|}}}{{{cocathedral|}}}{{{patron|}}}{{{priests|}}}{{{language|}}}{{{calendar|}}}{{{music|}}}|Macluumaad}}

| label25   = Halka ugu horreeya
|  data25   = {{if empty|{{{first_holder|}}}|{{{first_incumbent|}}}}}

| label26   = Sameynta
|  data26   = {{{date|}}}

| label27   = Diinta
| data27    = {{{denomination|}}}

| label28   = ''Sui iuris'' Kaniisad
| data28    = {{if empty|{{{sui_iuris_church|}}}|{{{particular_church|}}}}}

| label29   = Caadada
| data29    = {{{rite|}}}

| label30   = La aasaasay
| data30    = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{founded|}}}}}

| label31   = La kala diray
| data31    = {{{dissolved|}}}

| label32   = Arshibishopric
|  data32   = {{{archdiocese|}}}

| label33   = Deegaanka kaniisadda (Diocese)
|  data33   = {{{diocese|}}}

| label34   = Kaniisadda weyn (Cathedral)
| data34    = {{{cathedral|}}}

| label35   = Kaniisad-wadaag
| data35    = {{{cocathedral|}}}

| label36   = {{if empty|{{{patron_title|}}}|Iimaamka (Patron saint)}}
| data36    = {{{patron|}}}

| label37   = Wadaaddada
| data37    = {{{priests|}}}

| label38   = Luuqadda
| data38    = {{{language|}}}

| label39   = Jadwalka
| data39    = {{{calendar|}}}

| label40   = Muusigga
| data40    = {{{music|}}}

| header41  = {{#if:{{{bishop|}}}{{{coadjutor|}}}{{{pope|}}}|{{#if:{{{dissolved|}}}|Hoggaanka|Hoggaanka hadda}}}}

| label42   = Kaniisadda waalidka
| data42    = {{{parent_church|}}}

| label43   = Maamulka
| data43    = {{{governance|}}}

| label44   = Pope
| class44   = agent
| data44    = {{{pope|}}}

| label45   = Patriarch
| class45   = agent
| data45    = {{{patriarch|}}}

| label46   = Major Archbishop
| class46   = agent
| data46    = {{{major_archbishop|}}}

| label47   = {{if empty|{{{bishop_title|}}}|Bishop}}
| class47   = agent
| data47    = {{{bishop|}}}

| label48   = Metropolitan Archbishop
| class48   = agent
| data48    = {{{metro_archbishop|}}}

| label49   = Coadjutor
| class49   = agent
| data49    = {{{coadjutor|}}}

| label50   = {{#if:{{{assistant_bishops|}}}{{{assistant_bishop|}}}|Bishop ku xigeen|Bishop-ka Suffragan}}
| class50   = agent
| data50    = {{if empty|{{if empty|{{{assistant_bishops|}}}|{{{assistant_bishop|}}}}}|{{if empty|{{{suffragans|}}}|{{{suffragan|}}}}}}}

| label51   = Bishop-yada Caawiyeyaasha
| class51   = agent
| data51    = {{{auxiliary_bishops|}}}

| label52   = Maamulaha Apostolic
| class52   = agent
| data52    = {{{apostolic_admin|}}}

| label53   = Vicar General
| class53   = agent
| data53    = {{{vicar_general|}}}

| label54   = Episcopal Vicars
| class54   = agent
| data54    = {{{episcopal_vicar|}}}

| label55   = Judicial Vicar
| class55   = agent
| data55    = {{{judicial_vicar|}}}

| label56   = Dean
| class56   = agent
| data56    = {{{dean|}}}

| label57   = Archdeacon
| class57   = agent
| data57    = {{if empty|{{{archdeacons|}}}|{{{archdeacon|}}}}}

| label58   = Bishop-yada howlgabka ah
| class58   = agent
| data58    = {{{emeritus_bishops|}}}

| header59  = {{#if:{{{map|}}}|Khariidadda}}

| data60    = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map|}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{{map_alt|}}}|title={{{map_caption|}}}}}{{#if:{{both|{{{map|}}}|{{{map_caption|}}}}}|&lt;br /&gt;{{{map_caption}}}}}

| header61  = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|Mareegta}}
| data62    = {{{website|}}}

| data99    = {{{module|}}}

| below     = {{{footnotes|}}}
}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox diocese with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox diocese]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y| apostolic_admin | archbishopric | archdeacon | archdeaconries | archdeacons | archdiocese | area_footnotes | area_km2 | area_sqmi | assistant_bishop | assistant_bishops | auxiliary_bishops | bishop | bishop_title | bishopric | border | calendar | caption | cathedral | catholics | catholics_percent | churches | coadjutor | coat | coat_alt | coat_caption | coat_size | cocathedral | congregations | coordinates | country | date | dean | deaneries | denomination | diocese | dissolved | emeritus_bishops | episcopal conference | ecclesiastical region | episcopal_vicar | established | first_incumbent | flag | flag_alt | flag_size | footnotes | founded | governance | headquarters | image | image_alt | image_size | incumbent | incumbent_note | judicial_vicar | jurisdiction | language | latin | local | major_archbishop | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | members | metro_archbishop | metropolitan | module | music | name | parent_church | parishes | particular_church | patriarch | patron | patron_title | pope | population | population_as_of | priests | province | residence | rite | schools | style | subdivisions | suffragan | suffragans | sui_iuris_church | territory | titleoverride | vicar_general | website }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check
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    <title>Baadariga Cyangugu</title>
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      <text bytes="2984" sha1="6jg1coa74p9i0fugziser517ou9gkyy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction     = Deegaanka Kaniisadda (Diocese)
|name             = Cyangugu
|latin            = Dioecesis Cyanguguensis
|country          = [[Rwanda]]
|map              = Ruanda - Diocesi di Cyangugu.png
|metropolitan     = [[Arshibishopka Katooliga ee Kigali|Kigali]]
|rite             = [[Kaniisadda Laatiinka|Caadada Laatiinka]]
|cathedral        = 
|cocathedral      = 
|area_km2         = 1.125  
|population       = 626,621 
|population_as_of = 2008 
|catholics        = 283,372 
|catholics_percent= 45.22 
|pope             = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop           = [[Edouard Sinayobye]]
|coadjutor        = 
|auxiliary_bishops= 
}}

'''Deegaanka Kaniisadda Katooliga ee Cyangugu''' ({{langx|la|Cyanguguen(sis)}}) waa [[deegaan kaniisadeed (diocese)]] ku yaalla magaalada [[Cyangugu]] ee ka tirsan [[gobolka kaniisadda]] ee [[Arshibishopka Katooliga ee Kigali|Kigali]] ee dalka [[Rwanda]]. Tan iyo sanadkii 2021, Deegaanka Kaniisadda Katooliga ee Cyangugu waxaa loo igmaday [[Bishop Edouard Sinayobye]].

Deegaanka Cyangugu (oo Af-Faransiis ah [http://www.diocesecyangugu.com Diocèse Catholique de Cyangugu]) waxaa aasaasay [[Pope John Paul II]] bishii Noofambar 14, 1981. Waxaa loo igmaday Bishop [[Thaddeus Ntihinyurwa]] bishii Janaayo 24, 1982, isagoo ahaa [[bishopka deegaanka]] ilaa laga magacaabay Arshibishopka [[Kigali]] bishii Maarso 9, 1996, iyo maamule ahaan Apostolic ee Cyangugu ilaa Janaayo 2, 1997, markaas oo uu Pope-ku magacaabay beddelkiisa, Bishop [[Jean Damascène Bimenyimana]], kaas oo u adeegayay Bishop-ka Deegaanka Cyangugu ilaa uu ka geeriyooday bishii Maarso 11, 2018.

==Hoggaanka==
; Bishop-yada Cyangugu 
* Thaddée Ntihinyurwa (1981.11.05 – 1996.03.09), loo magacaabay Arshibishopka Kigali laakiin dhawaan wuxuu halkan ka noqday Maamule Apostolic
** Arshibishop [[Thaddeus Ntihinyurwa]] (Maamule Apostolic 1996.03.25 – 1997.01.02)
*[[Jean Damascène Bimenyimana]] (1997.01.02 - 2018.03.11)
*[[Edouard Sinayobye]] (2021.02.06 - ...)

==Kaniisadaha (Parishes)==
* [[Shangi]]
* [[Nkanka]]
* [[Mibilizi]]
* [[Mwezi]]
* [[Muyange]]
* [[Nyamasheke]]
* [[Yove]]
* [[Cyangugu]]
* [[Nyabitimbo]]
* [[Hanika (Parish)|Hanika]]
* [[Tyazo]]
*[[Mashyuza]]
*[[Mushaka]]
*[[nyakabuye]]

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Katooliga Roomaanka ee Rwanda]]

==Tixraacyo==
&lt;!--- Eeg [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] si aad u ogaato sida loo abuuro tixraacyo adigoo isticmaalaya &lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; tags kuwaas oo si toos ah halkan ugu soo bixi doona --&gt;
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/cyan0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''si gaar ah loo daabacay'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcyan.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''si gaar ah loo daabacay'']}}]]
* [http://www.diocesecyangugu.com Bogga rasmiga ah ee Deegaanka Kaniisadda Katooliga ee Cyangugu (Faransiis)]

{{Coord|-2.486598|28.895148|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cyangugu}}</text>
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|jurisdiction     = Deegaanka Kaniisadda 
|name             = Cyangugu
|latin            = Dioecesis Cyanguguensis
|country          = [[Rwanda]]
|map              = Ruanda - Diocesi di Cyangugu.png
|metropolitan     = [[Arshibishopka Katooliga ee Kigali|Kigali]]
|rite             = [[Kaniisadda Laatiinka|Caadada Laatiinka]]
|cathedral        = 
|cocathedral      = 
|area_km2         = 1.125  
|population       = 626,621 
|population_as_of = 2008 
|catholics        = 283,372 
|catholics_percent= 45.22 
|pope             = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop           = [[Edouard Sinayobye]]
|coadjutor        = 
|auxiliary_bishops= 
}}

'''Deegaanka Kaniisadda Katooliga ee Cyangugu''' ({{langx|la|Cyanguguen(sis)}}) waa [[deegaan kaniisadeed ]] ku yaalla magaalada [[Cyangugu]] ee ka tirsan [[gobolka kaniisadda]] ee [[Arshibishopka Katooliga ee Kigali|Kigali]] ee dalka [[Rwanda]]. Tan iyo sanadkii 2021, Deegaanka Kaniisadda Katooliga ee Cyangugu waxaa loo igmaday [[Bishop Edouard Sinayobye]].

Deegaanka Cyangugu (oo Af-Faransiis ah [http://www.diocesecyangugu.com Diocèse Catholique de Cyangugu]) waxaa aasaasay [[Pope John Paul II]] bishii Noofambar 14, 1981. Waxaa loo igmaday Bishop [[Thaddeus Ntihinyurwa]] bishii Janaayo 24, 1982, isagoo ahaa [[bishopka deegaanka]] ilaa laga magacaabay Arshibishopka [[Kigali]] bishii Maarso 9, 1996, iyo maamule ahaan Apostolic ee Cyangugu ilaa Janaayo 2, 1997, markaas oo uu Pope-ku magacaabay beddelkiisa, Bishop [[Jean Damascène Bimenyimana]], kaas oo u adeegayay Bishop-ka Deegaanka Cyangugu ilaa uu ka geeriyooday bishii Maarso 11, 2018.

==Hoggaanka==
; Bishop-yada Cyangugu 
* Thaddée Ntihinyurwa (1981.11.05 – 1996.03.09), loo magacaabay Arshibishopka Kigali laakiin dhawaan wuxuu halkan ka noqday Maamule Apostolic
** Arshibishop [[Thaddeus Ntihinyurwa]] (Maamule Apostolic 1996.03.25 – 1997.01.02)
*[[Jean Damascène Bimenyimana]] (1997.01.02 - 2018.03.11)
*[[Edouard Sinayobye]] (2021.02.06 - ...)

==Kaniisadaha (Parishes)==
* [[Shangi]]
* [[Nkanka]]
* [[Mibilizi]]
* [[Mwezi]]
* [[Muyange]]
* [[Nyamasheke]]
* [[Yove]]
* [[Cyangugu]]
* [[Nyabitimbo]]
* [[Hanika (Parish)|Hanika]]
* [[Tyazo]]
*[[Mashyuza]]
*[[Mushaka]]
*[[nyakabuye]]

==Sidoo kale eeg==
*[[Katooliga Roomaanka ee Rwanda]]

==Tixraacyo==
&lt;!--- Eeg [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] si aad u ogaato sida loo abuuro tixraacyo adigoo isticmaalaya &lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; tags kuwaas oo si toos ah halkan ugu soo bixi doona --&gt;
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/cyan0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''si gaar ah loo daabacay'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcyan.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''si gaar ah loo daabacay'']}}]]
* [http://www.diocesecyangugu.com Bogga rasmiga ah ee Deegaanka Kaniisadda Katooliga ee Cyangugu (Faransiis)]

{{Coord|-2.486598|28.895148|type:landmark|display=title}}

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    <title>Shangi, Rwanda</title>
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      <text bytes="5646" sha1="mtol9t3xfo69c2ys6izgzyskyogpoxn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- Eeg Template:Infobox settlement wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah iyo sharraxaadyo --&gt;
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah  ----------------&gt;
|official_name = Shangi
|other_name =
|native_name = &lt;!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asalka ah uusan ahayn Ingiriisi --&gt;
|nickname = 
|settlement_type = Waax (Sector)
|motto =
&lt;!-- sawirrada iyo khariidadaha  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline = 
|imagesize = 
|image_caption = 
|pushpin_map = Rwanda&lt;!-- magaca khariidadda goobta sida uu yahay http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_map_caption =Goobta uu ku yaallo dalka Rwanda
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type = Waddan
|subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]]
|subdivision_type1 = Gobolka Maamulka
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]]
|subdivision_type2 = Degmo
|subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]]
&lt;!-- Bedka    ---------------------&gt;
|area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamasheke/3715__shangi/ |title=Shangi. Waax ku taal Rwanda |website=Citypopulation.de  |access-date= 22 Abriil 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_total_km2 =  34.69
&lt;!-- Dadweynaha   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of = tirakoobka 2022
|population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot; /&gt;
|population_note = 
|population_total = 28,064
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud  ---------------&gt;
|coordinates = {{coord|2|24|12|S|29|0|21|E|type:city_region:RW|display=inline,title}}
&lt;!-- Bedka/koodhadhka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt;
|postal_code_type = &lt;!-- geli ZIP code, Postcode, koodhka boostada... --&gt;
|postal_code =
|blank_name = [[Kala saarista cimilada ee Köppen|Cimilada]]
|blank_info = [[Cimilada savannaha kulaylaha|Aw]]
}} 
'''Shangi''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Shangi.wav|dhawaaq}) waa waax ku taal [[Degmada Nyamasheke]] ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]], [[Rwanda]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebaha koonfureed ee [[Harada Kivu]].

== Taariikh ==
[[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri]], oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii [[Boqortooyada Rwanda]], ayaa la sheegay inuu guul weyn ka gaaray [[dadka Nkore|dadka Ankole]] ee Shangi intii lagu guda jiray hawlgalladiisii milatari ee ugu dambeeyay ({{circa}} 1894/95).{{sfn|Newbury|2009|p=140}}

Sannadkii 1896, duullimaad ka socday [[Congo Free State]] ayaa ka gudbay xuduudaha Boqortooyada Rwanda. &quot;Dhowr boqol&quot; oo askar Congolese-Belgian ah oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Lieutenant]] Constantin Sandrart ayaa degay xero la xoojiyay oo ku taal buur ku taal Shangi, iyagoo caqabad ku noqday gacanta Rwanda ee aaggaas. Si looga jawaabo, ciidankii boqortooyada Rwanda ayaa weeraray xerada [[Dagaalkii Shangi]], laakiin waa laga adkaaday.{{sfn|Cantrell|2022|p=37}}{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|p=15}} In kasta oo uu taasi jirtay, ciidankii Congo Free State ayaa si nabad ah uga baxay dabayaaqadii 1897-kii dhibaatooyin gudaha ah dartood.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|p=75}} Waqtigaas, Rwanda waxay u gacan gashay [[Boqortooyada Jarmalka]], waxaana Jarmalka ''[[Schutztruppe]]'' ay markii dambe aasaaseen xero milatari oo u gaar ah Shangi si ay u sugaan xuduudka.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|p=75}}

Khilaafyadii ayaa u dhexeeyay Jarmalka iyo Congo Free State oo ku saabsan dhulka, laakiin &quot;Dhibaatada Shangi&quot; ayaa ugu dambeyntii lagu xaliyay wadahadal dheeraad ah iyo shaqada guddi xuduudeed.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|pp=75–76}} Beljiyanka ayaa sidoo kale u dhow Shangi u sameeyay boos cusub.{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|p=24}} Shangi ayaa markii dambe noqotay xarun sahaminta Yurub ee gobolka, iyadoo [[Richard Kandt]] uu u isticmaalay saldhig ahaan.{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|pp=24–25}}

Intii lagu guda jiray [[xasuuqii Rwanda]] ee 1994, kaniisadda Shangi waxay noqotay &quot;dabin dhimasho&quot;, maadaama dad badan oo [[Tutsi]] ah ay halkaas u tageen si ay u helaan ilaalin laakiin markii dambe ay xasuuqeen maleeshiyada [[Interahamwe]].{{sfn|Prunier|1999|p=254}}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

=== Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Cantrell |first=Phillip A. |year= 2022 |title=Revival and Reconciliation: The Anglican Church and the Politics of Rwanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obZTEAAAQBAJ |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press | isbn = 978-0299335106}}
* {{cite book |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |author-link=Alison Des Forges |year=2011 |title=Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press | isbn = 978-0299281441}}
* {{cite book |last=Prunier |first=Gérard |year=1999 |title=The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide |edition=2nd |location=Kampala |publisher=Fountain Publishers Limited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ |isbn=978-9970-02-089-8 |access-date=2016-09-25 |archive-date=2014-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416173909/http://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Strizek |first=Helmut |year=2006 |title=Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft; mit einem Essay über die Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart|trans-title= Gumeysigii la hadiyeeyay: Rwanda iyo Burundi oo ku hoos jira xukunka Jarmalka; oo leh qoraal ku saabsan horumarka ilaa hadda |location=Berlin |publisher=Ch. Links |language = Jarmal| isbn = 978-3-86153-390-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Newbury |first=David |title=The Land beyond the Mists: Essays on Identity and Authority in Precolonial Congo and Rwanda |date=2009 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-1875-8 |location=Athens |authorlink=David Newbury}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5647" sha1="9qvk3kipyqt3zxxnvqcretgai8buw13" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- Eeg Template:Infobox settlement wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah iyo sharraxaadyo --&gt;
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah  ----------------&gt;
|official_name = Shangi
|other_name =
|native_name = &lt;!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asalka ah uusan ahayn Ingiriisi --&gt;
|nickname = 
|settlement_type = Waax (Sector)
|motto =
&lt;!-- sawirrada iyo khariidadaha  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline = 
|imagesize = 
|image_caption = 
|pushpin_map = Rwanda&lt;!-- magaca khariidadda goobta sida uu yahay http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_map_caption =Goobta uu ku yaallo dalka Rwanda
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type = Waddan
|subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]]
|subdivision_type1 = Gobolka Maamulka
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]]
|subdivision_type2 = Degmo
|subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]]
&lt;!-- Bedka    ---------------------&gt;
|area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamasheke/3715__shangi/ |title=Shangi. Waax ku taal Rwanda |website=Citypopulation.de  |access-date= 22 Abriil 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_total_km2 =  34.69
&lt;!-- Dadweynaha   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of = tirakoobka 2022
|population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot; /&gt;
|population_note = 
|population_total = 28,064
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud  ---------------&gt;
|coordinates = {{coord|2|24|12|S|29|0|21|E|type:city_region:RW|display=inline,title}}
&lt;!-- Bedka/koodhadhka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt;
|postal_code_type = &lt;!-- geli ZIP code, Postcode, koodhka boostada... --&gt;
|postal_code =
|blank_name = [[Kala saarista cimilada ee Köppen|Cimilada]]
|blank_info = [[Cimilada savannaha kulaylaha|Aw]]
}} 
'''Shangi''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Shangi.wav|dhawaaq}}) waa waax ku taal [[Degmada Nyamasheke]] ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]], [[Rwanda]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebaha koonfureed ee [[Harada Kivu]].

== Taariikh ==
[[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri]], oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii [[Boqortooyada Rwanda]], ayaa la sheegay inuu guul weyn ka gaaray [[dadka Nkore|dadka Ankole]] ee Shangi intii lagu guda jiray hawlgalladiisii milatari ee ugu dambeeyay ({{circa}} 1894/95).{{sfn|Newbury|2009|p=140}}

Sannadkii 1896, duullimaad ka socday [[Congo Free State]] ayaa ka gudbay xuduudaha Boqortooyada Rwanda. &quot;Dhowr boqol&quot; oo askar Congolese-Belgian ah oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Lieutenant]] Constantin Sandrart ayaa degay xero la xoojiyay oo ku taal buur ku taal Shangi, iyagoo caqabad ku noqday gacanta Rwanda ee aaggaas. Si looga jawaabo, ciidankii boqortooyada Rwanda ayaa weeraray xerada [[Dagaalkii Shangi]], laakiin waa laga adkaaday.{{sfn|Cantrell|2022|p=37}}{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|p=15}} In kasta oo uu taasi jirtay, ciidankii Congo Free State ayaa si nabad ah uga baxay dabayaaqadii 1897-kii dhibaatooyin gudaha ah dartood.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|p=75}} Waqtigaas, Rwanda waxay u gacan gashay [[Boqortooyada Jarmalka]], waxaana Jarmalka ''[[Schutztruppe]]'' ay markii dambe aasaaseen xero milatari oo u gaar ah Shangi si ay u sugaan xuduudka.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|p=75}}

Khilaafyadii ayaa u dhexeeyay Jarmalka iyo Congo Free State oo ku saabsan dhulka, laakiin &quot;Dhibaatada Shangi&quot; ayaa ugu dambeyntii lagu xaliyay wadahadal dheeraad ah iyo shaqada guddi xuduudeed.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|pp=75–76}} Beljiyanka ayaa sidoo kale u dhow Shangi u sameeyay boos cusub.{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|p=24}} Shangi ayaa markii dambe noqotay xarun sahaminta Yurub ee gobolka, iyadoo [[Richard Kandt]] uu u isticmaalay saldhig ahaan.{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|pp=24–25}}

Intii lagu guda jiray [[xasuuqii Rwanda]] ee 1994, kaniisadda Shangi waxay noqotay &quot;dabin dhimasho&quot;, maadaama dad badan oo [[Tutsi]] ah ay halkaas u tageen si ay u helaan ilaalin laakiin markii dambe ay xasuuqeen maleeshiyada [[Interahamwe]].{{sfn|Prunier|1999|p=254}}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

=== Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Cantrell |first=Phillip A. |year= 2022 |title=Revival and Reconciliation: The Anglican Church and the Politics of Rwanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obZTEAAAQBAJ |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press | isbn = 978-0299335106}}
* {{cite book |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |author-link=Alison Des Forges |year=2011 |title=Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press | isbn = 978-0299281441}}
* {{cite book |last=Prunier |first=Gérard |year=1999 |title=The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide |edition=2nd |location=Kampala |publisher=Fountain Publishers Limited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ |isbn=978-9970-02-089-8 |access-date=2016-09-25 |archive-date=2014-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416173909/http://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Strizek |first=Helmut |year=2006 |title=Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft; mit einem Essay über die Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart|trans-title= Gumeysigii la hadiyeeyay: Rwanda iyo Burundi oo ku hoos jira xukunka Jarmalka; oo leh qoraal ku saabsan horumarka ilaa hadda |location=Berlin |publisher=Ch. Links |language = Jarmal| isbn = 978-3-86153-390-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Newbury |first=David |title=The Land beyond the Mists: Essays on Identity and Authority in Precolonial Congo and Rwanda |date=2009 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-1875-8 |location=Athens |authorlink=David Newbury}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5639" sha1="7ksuunk1hdjs5nq3pfv83xfwjaah2af" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- Eeg Template:Infobox settlement wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah iyo sharraxaadyo --&gt;
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah  ----------------&gt;
|official_name = Shangi
|other_name =
|native_name = &lt;!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asalka ah uusan ahayn Ingiriisi --&gt;
|nickname = 
|settlement_type = Waax 
|motto =
&lt;!-- sawirrada iyo khariidadaha  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline = 
|imagesize = 
|image_caption = 
|pushpin_map = Rwanda&lt;!-- magaca khariidadda goobta sida uu yahay http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_map_caption =Goobta uu ku yaallo dalka Rwanda
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type = Waddan
|subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]]
|subdivision_type1 = Gobolka Maamulka
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]]
|subdivision_type2 = Degmo
|subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]]
&lt;!-- Bedka    ---------------------&gt;
|area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamasheke/3715__shangi/ |title=Shangi. Waax ku taal Rwanda |website=Citypopulation.de  |access-date= 22 Abriil 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_total_km2 =  34.69
&lt;!-- Dadweynaha   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of = tirakoobka 2022
|population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot; /&gt;
|population_note = 
|population_total = 28,064
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud  ---------------&gt;
|coordinates = {{coord|2|24|12|S|29|0|21|E|type:city_region:RW|display=inline,title}}
&lt;!-- Bedka/koodhadhka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt;
|postal_code_type = &lt;!-- geli ZIP code, Postcode, koodhka boostada... --&gt;
|postal_code =
|blank_name = [[Kala saarista cimilada ee Köppen|Cimilada]]
|blank_info = [[Cimilada savannaha kulaylaha|Aw]]
}} 
'''Shangi''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Shangi.wav|dhawaaq}}) waa waax ku taal [[Degmada Nyamasheke]] ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]], [[Rwanda]]. Waxay ku taallaa xeebaha koonfureed ee [[Harada Kivu]].

== Taariikh ==
[[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri]], oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii [[Boqortooyada Rwanda]], ayaa la sheegay inuu guul weyn ka gaaray [[dadka Nkore|dadka Ankole]] ee Shangi intii lagu guda jiray hawlgalladiisii milatari ee ugu dambeeyay ({{circa}} 1894/95).{{sfn|Newbury|2009|p=140}}

Sannadkii 1896, duullimaad ka socday [[Congo Free State]] ayaa ka gudbay xuduudaha Boqortooyada Rwanda. &quot;Dhowr boqol&quot; oo askar Congolese-Belgian ah oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Lieutenant]] Constantin Sandrart ayaa degay xero la xoojiyay oo ku taal buur ku taal Shangi, iyagoo caqabad ku noqday gacanta Rwanda ee aaggaas. Si looga jawaabo, ciidankii boqortooyada Rwanda ayaa weeraray xerada [[Dagaalkii Shangi]], laakiin waa laga adkaaday.{{sfn|Cantrell|2022|p=37}}{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|p=15}} In kasta oo uu taasi jirtay, ciidankii Congo Free State ayaa si nabad ah uga baxay dabayaaqadii 1897-kii dhibaatooyin gudaha ah dartood.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|p=75}} Waqtigaas, Rwanda waxay u gacan gashay [[Boqortooyada Jarmalka]], waxaana Jarmalka ''[[Schutztruppe]]'' ay markii dambe aasaaseen xero milatari oo u gaar ah Shangi si ay u sugaan xuduudka.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|p=75}}

Khilaafyadii ayaa u dhexeeyay Jarmalka iyo Congo Free State oo ku saabsan dhulka, laakiin &quot;Dhibaatada Shangi&quot; ayaa ugu dambeyntii lagu xaliyay wadahadal dheeraad ah iyo shaqada guddi xuduudeed.{{sfn|Strizek|2006|pp=75–76}} Beljiyanka ayaa sidoo kale u dhow Shangi u sameeyay boos cusub.{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|p=24}} Shangi ayaa markii dambe noqotay xarun sahaminta Yurub ee gobolka, iyadoo [[Richard Kandt]] uu u isticmaalay saldhig ahaan.{{sfn|Des Forges|2011|pp=24–25}}

Intii lagu guda jiray [[xasuuqii Rwanda]] ee 1994, kaniisadda Shangi waxay noqotay &quot;dabin dhimasho&quot;, maadaama dad badan oo [[Tutsi]] ah ay halkaas u tageen si ay u helaan ilaalin laakiin markii dambe ay xasuuqeen maleeshiyada [[Interahamwe]].{{sfn|Prunier|1999|p=254}}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

=== Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Cantrell |first=Phillip A. |year= 2022 |title=Revival and Reconciliation: The Anglican Church and the Politics of Rwanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obZTEAAAQBAJ |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press | isbn = 978-0299335106}}
* {{cite book |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |author-link=Alison Des Forges |year=2011 |title=Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press | isbn = 978-0299281441}}
* {{cite book |last=Prunier |first=Gérard |year=1999 |title=The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide |edition=2nd |location=Kampala |publisher=Fountain Publishers Limited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ |isbn=978-9970-02-089-8 |access-date=2016-09-25 |archive-date=2014-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416173909/http://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Strizek |first=Helmut |year=2006 |title=Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft; mit einem Essay über die Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart|trans-title= Gumeysigii la hadiyeeyay: Rwanda iyo Burundi oo ku hoos jira xukunka Jarmalka; oo leh qoraal ku saabsan horumarka ilaa hadda |location=Berlin |publisher=Ch. Links |language = Jarmal| isbn = 978-3-86153-390-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Newbury |first=David |title=The Land beyond the Mists: Essays on Identity and Authority in Precolonial Congo and Rwanda |date=2009 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-1875-8 |location=Athens |authorlink=David Newbury}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sake, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="6746" sha1="pf1kwr4dnnxzyc5hi9iuh4coycqbxje" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sake
| settlement_type = Caasimadda ''Kooxeyn'' iyo tuulo
| image_skyline = SakeVOA.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption = 
| image_flag = 
| image_seal = 
| image_map = 
| map_caption = 
| pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo
| subdivision_type = Waddan
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| subdivision_type1 = Gobol
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kivu-ga Waqooyi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Masisi]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Chiefdoms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Chiefdom]]
| subdivision_name3 = Bahunde
| subdivision_type4 = [[Chiefdoms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Groupement]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kamuronza]]
| leader_title = 
| leader_name = 
| established_title = 
| established_date = 
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 = 
| population_as_of = 2004
| population_note = 
| population_total = 17151
| population_metro = 
| population_density_km2 = 
| timezone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = 
| utc_offset_DST = 
| coordinates = {{coord|1|34|26.79|S|29|2|28.78|E|region:CD|display=inline}}
| elevation_m = 
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda qaran]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Swahili language|Sawaaxili]]
| postal_code = 
| area_code = 
| blank_name = 
| blank_info = 
| website = 
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Sake''' waa caasimad iyo tuulo ka tirsan ''[[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|groupement]]''-ka Kamuronza, ee ku dhex yaalla Bahunde Chiefdom, [[Degmada Masisi]], [[Kivu-ga Waqooyi]], Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ikunji |first=Patrick |date=2013 |title=Essai d'adaptation de quelques variétés de riz pluvial (oryza sativa: irat112, irat13 et r66) dans les conditions agro-écologiques de territoire de Masisi: Cas du village de Sake en RDC |trans-title=Tijaabo la qabsashada qaar ka mid ah noocyada bariiska ee roob-doonka ah (Oryza sativa: IRAT112, IRAT13, iyo R66) iyadoo la raacayo xaaladaha agro-ecological ee Degmada Masisi: Kiiska tuulada Sake ee DRC |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/11/15/9302/m_Essai-d-adaptation-de-quelques-varietes-de-riz-pluvial-oryza-sativa--irat112-irat13-et-r66-dan9.html |access-date=17 March 2026 |publisher=[[Jaamacadda Goma]] |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, Kivu-ga Waqooyi, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taallaa xadka waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Harada Kivu]], 25&amp;nbsp;km (15&amp;nbsp;mi) dhanka galbeed-waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Goma]] oo ku taal [[National Road No. 2 (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Waddada Qaranka No. 2]],&lt;ref name=volcano&gt;[http://cidi.org/disaster/02a/ixl26.html DR Congo: Volcano - IRIN: 23-Jan-02] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184004/http://cidi.org/disaster/02a/ixl26.html |date=27 September 2007 }}, [[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]] via cidi.org, 23 Janaayo 2006&lt;/ref&gt; oo ku taal cidhifka bannaanka [[laamaha]] foolkaaneed ee hoose ee [[Western Rift Valley]], joogga qiyaastii 1500 m. Dhul-hoosaadka galbeed ee dooxada rift-ka ayaa kor u kacaya 800 m meel ka sarreysa Sake.

Laamuhu waxay ka yimaadaan [[foolkaane]]yada [[Nyamuragira]] iyo [[Nyiragongo]], 25&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed, iyo tiro badan oo yar oo [[cone foolkaaneed]] ah oo ay quudiyaan [[fissure vent|fissure]]s ka imanaya foolkaaneyadaas. Dhowr cone ayaa lagu arki karaa sawirada dayax-gacmeedka 7–8&amp;nbsp;km bari ka xigta Sake. Waxay sidoo kale muujinayaan in qulqulka laamaha ee sanadihii la soo dhaafay ay dabooleen qaybo ka mid ah waddada Goma (Waddada Qaranka No. 2) ayna gaareen harada, iyagoo gooyay gacanka Sake uu ku yaallo, si ay u sameeyaan haro yar oo ka yar 1 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran. Gacanka ku dhow, oo cabbirkiisu yahay qiyaastii 40&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, ayaa ku dhowaa inuu go'o laamaha, waxaana kaliya oo hartay marin 160 m ballac ah si loogu xiro qaybta ugu weyn ee Harada Kivu.

Sake waxay martigelisay [[Rwanda]]ns intii lagu guda jiray [[Great Lakes refugee crisis|dhibaatada qaxootiga Great Lakes]] ee bartamihii 1990-meeyadii iyo dadka deggan Goma ee ka cararay qaraxii 2002 ee [[Mount Nyiragongo]].&lt;ref name=volcano/&gt; Dagaallo dhimasho leh oo dhex maray milateriga dowladda iyo xoogagga uu hoggaaminayo [[Laurent Nkunda]] ayaa keenay in kumanaan qof oo deggan Sake ay cararaan bishii Agoosto 2006.&lt;ref name=flee&gt;[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L05715331.htm Kumanaan ka cararay iska horimaad dhex maray ciidanka Kongo iyo fallaagada], ''[[Reuters]]'', 5 Agoosto 2006&lt;/ref&gt; 25 Noofambar 2006, shan iyo toban ilaa labaatan kun ayaa ka cararay dagaallo dhex maray xoogagga Nkunda iyo ciidanka DRC ee weerar uu kii hore ka waday aagga Sake. Dagaalku [[Democratic Republic of the Congo general election, 2006#Offensive by Nkunda in Nord-Kivu|waxa uu dhacay]] ku dhawaad maalin ka hor inta aysan [[Maxkamadda Sare ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Maxkamadda Sare]] xukumin natiijada [[Doorashada guud ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo, 2006|doorashadii madaxtooyada ee 2006]]. Dagaalku waxa uu u muuqday inuu kala firdhiyey subaxdii xigtay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews&amp;storyID=2006-11-25T180057Z_01_L25684977_RTRUKOC_0_US-CONGO-DEMOCRATIC-CLASHES.xml&amp;WTmodLoc=IntNewsHome_C2_worldNews-8 &quot;Kumanaan ka cararay weerar fallaago ah oo ka dhacay bariga Kongo&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331061726/http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews |date=31 Maarso 2007 }}, ''[[Reuters]]'', 25 Noofambar 2006&lt;/ref&gt;

Sake waxay sidoo kale hoy u ahayd [[United Nations Force Intervention Brigade|Brigade-ga Faragelinta Ciidanka Qaramada Midoobay]] tan iyo bishii Luulyo 2013.

== Juqraafi ==
Cimilada Sake waxaa lagu kala saaray Cfb nidaamka [[Köppen climate classification]], taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay leedahay [[cimilada buuraleyda]] oo leh heerkul celis ahaan 19°C iyo roob celis ahaan 1207 mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Carradu waa nooca [[andosol]], oo laga sameeyay isbeddelka [[dhagaxyada foolkaaneed|dhagaxyada foolkaaneed]], gaar ahaan [[dambas foolkaaneed|dambas]], waxaana lagu gartaa maadada sare ee [[Silicon dioxide|silica]] iyo [[Aluminium oxide|alumina]], oo aad ugu hodan ah [[organic matter|maaddooyinka dabiiciga ah]] (5–8%), oo leh awood haynta [[biyo|biyaha]] (12–15%) iyo pH oo ah 7.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Qoraallo iyo tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|1.574108|S|29.041328|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sake, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}</text>
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      <text bytes="6677" sha1="9ixl5bxtelqp869jrnbyre30o1pt8k5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sake
| settlement_type = Caasimadda ''Kooxeyn'' iyo tuulo
| image_skyline = SakeVOA.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption = 
| image_flag = 
| image_seal = 
| image_map = 
| map_caption = 
| pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo
| subdivision_type = Waddan
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| subdivision_type1 = Gobol
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kivu-ga Waqooyi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Masisi]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Chiefdoms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Chiefdom]]
| subdivision_name3 = Bahunde
| subdivision_type4 = [[Chiefdoms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Groupement]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Kamuronza]]
| leader_title = 
| leader_name = 
| established_title = 
| established_date = 
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 = 
| population_as_of = 2004
| population_note = 
| population_total = 17151
| population_metro = 
| population_density_km2 = 
| timezone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = 
| utc_offset_DST = 
| coordinates = {{coord|1|34|26.79|S|29|2|28.78|E|region:CD|display=inline}}
| elevation_m = 
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda qaran]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Swahili language|Sawaaxili]]
| postal_code = 
| area_code = 
| blank_name = 
| blank_info = 
| website = 
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Sake''' waa caasimad iyo tuulo ka tirsan ''Kooxeyn''-ka Kamuronza, ee ku dhex yaalla Bahunde Chiefdom, [[Degmada Masisi]], [[Kivu-ga Waqooyi]], Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ikunji |first=Patrick |date=2013 |title=Essai d'adaptation de quelques variétés de riz pluvial (oryza sativa: irat112, irat13 et r66) dans les conditions agro-écologiques de territoire de Masisi: Cas du village de Sake en RDC |trans-title=Tijaabo la qabsashada qaar ka mid ah noocyada bariiska ee roob-doonka ah (Oryza sativa: IRAT112, IRAT13, iyo R66) iyadoo la raacayo xaaladaha agro-ecological ee Degmada Masisi: Kiiska tuulada Sake ee DRC |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/11/15/9302/m_Essai-d-adaptation-de-quelques-varietes-de-riz-pluvial-oryza-sativa--irat112-irat13-et-r66-dan9.html |access-date=17 March 2026 |publisher=[[Jaamacadda Goma]] |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, Kivu-ga Waqooyi, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku taallaa xadka waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Harada Kivu]], 25&amp;nbsp;km (15&amp;nbsp;mi) dhanka galbeed-waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Goma]] oo ku taal [[National Road No. 2 (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Waddada Qaranka No. 2]],&lt;ref name=volcano&gt;[http://cidi.org/disaster/02a/ixl26.html DR Congo: Volcano - IRIN: 23-Jan-02] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184004/http://cidi.org/disaster/02a/ixl26.html |date=27 September 2007 }}, [[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]] via cidi.org, 23 Janaayo 2006&lt;/ref&gt; oo ku taal cidhifka bannaanka [[laamaha]] foolkaaneed ee hoose ee [[Western Rift Valley]], joogga qiyaastii 1500 m. Dhul-hoosaadka galbeed ee dooxada rift-ka ayaa kor u kacaya 800 m meel ka sarreysa Sake.

Laamuhu waxay ka yimaadaan [[foolkaane]]yada [[Nyamuragira]] iyo [[Nyiragongo]], 25&amp;nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed, iyo tiro badan oo yar oo [[cone foolkaaneed]] ah oo ay quudiyaan [[fissure vent|fissure]]s ka imanaya foolkaaneyadaas. Dhowr cone ayaa lagu arki karaa sawirada dayax-gacmeedka 7–8&amp;nbsp;km bari ka xigta Sake. Waxay sidoo kale muujinayaan in qulqulka laamaha ee sanadihii la soo dhaafay ay dabooleen qaybo ka mid ah waddada Goma (Waddada Qaranka No. 2) ayna gaareen harada, iyagoo gooyay gacanka Sake uu ku yaallo, si ay u sameeyaan haro yar oo ka yar 1 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran. Gacanka ku dhow, oo cabbirkiisu yahay qiyaastii 40&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, ayaa ku dhowaa inuu go'o laamaha, waxaana kaliya oo hartay marin 160 m ballac ah si loogu xiro qaybta ugu weyn ee Harada Kivu.

Sake waxay martigelisay [[Rwanda]]ns intii lagu guda jiray [[Great Lakes refugee crisis|dhibaatada qaxootiga Great Lakes]] ee bartamihii 1990-meeyadii iyo dadka deggan Goma ee ka cararay qaraxii 2002 ee [[Mount Nyiragongo]].&lt;ref name=volcano/&gt; Dagaallo dhimasho leh oo dhex maray milateriga dowladda iyo xoogagga uu hoggaaminayo [[Laurent Nkunda]] ayaa keenay in kumanaan qof oo deggan Sake ay cararaan bishii Agoosto 2006.&lt;ref name=flee&gt;[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L05715331.htm Kumanaan ka cararay iska horimaad dhex maray ciidanka Kongo iyo fallaagada], ''[[Reuters]]'', 5 Agoosto 2006&lt;/ref&gt; 25 Noofambar 2006, shan iyo toban ilaa labaatan kun ayaa ka cararay dagaallo dhex maray xoogagga Nkunda iyo ciidanka DRC ee weerar uu kii hore ka waday aagga Sake. Dagaalku [[Democratic Republic of the Congo general election, 2006#Offensive by Nkunda in Nord-Kivu|waxa uu dhacay]] ku dhawaad maalin ka hor inta aysan [[Maxkamadda Sare ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Maxkamadda Sare]] xukumin natiijada [[Doorashada guud ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo, 2006|doorashadii madaxtooyada ee 2006]]. Dagaalku waxa uu u muuqday inuu kala firdhiyey subaxdii xigtay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews&amp;storyID=2006-11-25T180057Z_01_L25684977_RTRUKOC_0_US-CONGO-DEMOCRATIC-CLASHES.xml&amp;WTmodLoc=IntNewsHome_C2_worldNews-8 &quot;Kumanaan ka cararay weerar fallaago ah oo ka dhacay bariga Kongo&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331061726/http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=worldNews |date=31 Maarso 2007 }}, ''[[Reuters]]'', 25 Noofambar 2006&lt;/ref&gt;

Sake waxay sidoo kale hoy u ahayd [[United Nations Force Intervention Brigade|Brigade-ga Faragelinta Ciidanka Qaramada Midoobay]] tan iyo bishii Luulyo 2013.

== Juqraafi ==
Cimilada Sake waxaa lagu kala saaray Cfb nidaamka [[Köppen climate classification]], taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay leedahay [[cimilada buuraleyda]] oo leh heerkul celis ahaan 19°C iyo roob celis ahaan 1207 mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Carradu waa nooca [[andosol]], oo laga sameeyay isbeddelka [[dhagaxyada foolkaaneed|dhagaxyada foolkaaneed]], gaar ahaan [[dambas foolkaaneed|dambas]], waxaana lagu gartaa maadada sare ee [[Silicon dioxide|silica]] iyo [[Aluminium oxide|alumina]], oo aad ugu hodan ah [[organic matter|maaddooyinka dabiiciga ah]] (5–8%), oo leh awood haynta [[biyo|biyaha]] (12–15%) iyo pH oo ah 7.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Qoraallo iyo tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|1.574108|S|29.041328|E|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sake, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rubona, Rwanda</title>
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&lt;!--Eeg Jadwalka ku yaalla Infobox Settlement wixii faahfaahin ah ee ku saabsan beeraha iyo sharraxaadda isticmaalka--&gt;
&lt;!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Rubona
|other_name             =
|native_name            =  &lt;!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asalka ah uusan ahayn Ingiriisi --&gt;
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = &lt;!--Magaalo ama Tuulo (Bannaanka u daa haddii ay tahay Magaalo)--&gt;
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- sawirrada iyo khariidadaha  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          = File:View of Lake Kivu from Rubona peninsula, Gisenyi, Rwanda (164848).jpg
|imagesize              = 300px
|image_caption          = Muuqaal laga soo qaaday harada Kivu oo laga eegayo Rubona
|image_flag             = 
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = 
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           = 
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              = 
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = 
|image_map1             = 
|mapsize1               = 
|map_caption1           = 
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Rwanda&lt;!-- magaca khariidadda goobta sida uu yahay http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =hoos
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta uu ku yaallo dalka Rwanda
&lt;!-- Goobta ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = [[Image:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]]
|subdivision_type1      = Qaybta Maamulka
|subdivision_name1      = [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Degmooyinka Rwanda|Degmo]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Rubavu]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Siyaasadda -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           = Duqa Magaalada
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- meelaha leh duq magaalada iyo maamule magaalo --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- La dejiyay --&gt;
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- La sharciyeeyay (magaalo) --&gt;
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- La sharciyeeyay (magaalo weyn) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Bedka    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =Imperial &lt;!--Geli: Imperial, haddii Imperial (metric) la rabo--&gt;
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = &lt;!-- DHAMMAAN beeraha la macaamilaya cabbiraadaha waxay hoos imanayaan isbeddelka unugga tooska ah--&gt;
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--Eeg jadwalka @ Template:Infobox Settlement wixii faahfaahin ah ee ku saabsan isbeddelka unugga tooska ah--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Dadweynaha   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               =2017 qiyaasta
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               =
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyadaha
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimaha
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- Macluumaad guud  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               = 
|utc_offset             = 
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|01|43|42|S|29|15|22|E|region:RW|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--tixraacyada: isticmaal &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Bedka/koodhadhka boostada &amp; kuwa kale --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- geli ZIP code, Postcode, koodhka boostada... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}

'''Rubona''', sidoo kale '''Rubona Peninsula''', waa xaafad ku taal koonfurta magaalada [[Gisenyi]] ee dalka [[Rwanda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;It&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda/gisenyi/attractions/rubona-peninsula/a/poi-sig/1462273/1331542 |title=Gisenyi Attractions: Rubona Peninsula: Hot springs in Gisenyi |accessdate=21 Agoosto 2017 |
date=21 Agoosto 2017 |publisher=Lonelyplanet.com (LPC) | author=LPC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Goobta==
Xaafaddu waxay ku taal xeebta [[Harada Kivu]], qiyaastii {{convert|4|km|0}}, koonfurta ka xigta [[xarunta ganacsiga ee dhexe]] ee [[Gisenyi]], [[Degmada Rubavu]], ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeedka]] ee Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;It&quot;/&gt; Isku-duwayaasha Rubona waa: 01°43'42.0&quot;S, 29°15'22.0&quot;E (Latitude:-1.728333; Longitude:29.256111).&lt;ref&gt;{{google maps|
url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B043'42.0%22S+29%C2%B015'22.0%22E/@-1.7159087,29.2260869,7217m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-1.7283333!4d29.2561111 |title=Goobta Rubona Peninsula, Degmada Rubavu, Rwanda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dulmar==
Buuraha dhaadheer ee Rubona waxaa ku nool guryo yaryar oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin jardiinooyin. Xeebta haradu waa dhagax, aagagga intooda badan, iyadoo ay jiraan meelo ciid ah iyo meelo ku habboon dabaasha. Waxay soo jiidataa dad badan oo soo booqda maalmaha fasaxa. Rubona sidoo kale waa goobta ilo biyood kulul oo dabiici ah, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo karkarinta baradhada waxaana la sheegaa inay daaweeyaan noocyo kala duwan oo xanuunno ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;It&quot;/&gt;

Xuduudaha [[Congo Free State]] waxaa lagu qeexay Xeerka Dhexdhexaadnimada intii lagu jiray 1885 [[Shirkii Berlin]], kaas oo awoodaha Yurub ay ku sheegteen sheegashadooda dhuleed ee Afrika.
Tani waxay dhigtay dhammaan harada Kivu ee Gobolka Xorta ah.{{sfn|Lederer|1993|p=2}}
Bishii Juun 1909 [[John Methuen Coote]] wuxuu bilaabay [[Kivu frontier incident]] markii uu u safray koonfur-galbeed ka soo jeeda gumeysigii Ingiriiska ee Uganda wuxuuna aasaasay xerooyin la xoojiyay oo ku yaal [[Burungu]] iyo Rubona (Lubuna).{{sfn|Lederer|1993|p=2}}
Ciidamada Ingiriiska ee hoos yimaada Coote ayaa ka baxay saldhigga Rubona 29 Juun 1909, waxaana saldhigga qabsaday Beljiyanka.{{sfn|Rutanga|2011|p=70}}
Ka dib dhowr dhacdo, xuduudaha Kongo, Uganda iyo Rwanda ayaa la dejiyay bishii Maajo 1910, iyadoo Rubona loo qoondeeyay gumeysigii Jarmalka ee Rwanda.{{sfn|Rutanga|2011|p=89}}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Isha==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |url=https://journals.openedition.org/civilisations/1730?lang=en |accessdate=2021-02-22 |language=fr
 |last=Lederer  |first=André|title=Incident de frontière au Kivu |journal=Civilisations  |volume=41 |year=1993
 |doi=10.4000/civilisations.1730|doi-access=free}}
*{{citation
 |last=Rutanga|first=Murindwa|title=Politics, Religion, and Power in the Great Lakes Region|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_p_y-oQUQ8C&amp;pg=PA68
 |year=2011|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-2-86978-492-5}}
{{refend}}

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      <text bytes="34297" sha1="bukrarbofe8afdcab6135cpm5zvuonu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mbinga-Sud
| official_name = ''Groupement de Mbinga-Sud''
| settlement_type = Kooxaynta
| image_skyline = Kasheke Farmer School.jpg
| imagesize = 280
| image_caption = [[Kasheke]], Mbinga-Sud
| pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo
| subdivision_type = Waddan
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Gobol]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kivu-ta Koonfureed]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kalehe Territory|Kalehe]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Boqortooyo]]
| subdivision_name3 = Buhavu
| seat_type = Xarunta maamulka
| seat = [[Kasheke]]
| area_total_km2 = 369
| population_total = 136575
| population_as_of = 2012 qiyaas.
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda rasmiga ah]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[French language|Faransiis]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda qaran]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Congo Swahili|Kiswahili]]
}}

'''Mbinga-Sud''' waa mid ka mid ah todobada ''[[Kalehe Territory#Chiefdoms and governance|groupements]]'' (kooxayn) ee [[Kalehe Territory#Chiefdoms and governance|Boqortooyada Buhavu]], oo ku taal [[Degmada Kalehe]] ee gobolka [[Kivu-ta Koonfureed]], bariga [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]. Waxay dabooshaa aag qiyaastii ah 369 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran waxayna lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 136,575 ilaa sannadkii 2012. Xarunteeda maamul waa [[Kasheke]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Balolae |first=Marcelin Safari |date=2013 |title=Chapitre I: Présentation du territoire de Kalehe et généralités sur le petit commerce |trans-title=Cutubka I: Dulmarka Degmada Kalehe iyo Macluumaad Guud oo ku saabsan Ganacsiga Yar-yar |url=https://www.africmemoire.com/part.2-chapitre-i-presentation-du-territoire-de-kalehe-et-generalite-sur-le-petit-commerce-1022.html |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=Africmemoire.com |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural de Bukavu (ISDR-Bukavu) |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nabudabaga |first=Mwenyezi |date=2016 |title=Chapitre II: Matériels et méthodes |trans-title=Cutubka II: Agabka iyo Hababka |url=https://www.africmemoire.com/part.7-chapitre-ii-materiels-et-methodes-73.html |access-date=7 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural de Bukavu (ISDR-Bukavu) |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cegemera |first=Clarisse Emina |date=2016 |title=Chapitre deuxième: Milieu, matériel et méthode du travail |trans-title=Cutubka labaad: Deegaanka, agabka iyo habka shaqada |url=https://www.africmemoire.com/part.4-chapitre-deuxieme-milieu-materiel-et-metode-du-travail-638.html |access-date=8 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural de Bukavu (ISDR-Bukavu) |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mbinga-Sud waxaa dhanka bari ka xigta [[Harada Kivu]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xiga ''groupement-ka'' [[Kabare Territory#Kabare Chiefdom|Irhambi-Katana]] (oo ka tirsan [[Degmada Kabare]]), dhanka waqooyina waxaa ka xiga ''groupement-ka'' [[Kalehe Territory#Chiefdoms and governance|Mbinga-Nord]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyay toban ''[[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|localités]]'' (tuulooyin): Bushushu, Cibanda (ama Chibandja), Cibanja (ama Ibinja), Ihoka, Iko, Munanira, Kasheke, Ishovu, Tchofi, iyo Muhongoza. ''Groupement-kan'' waxa kale oo uu ku jiraa dhawr [[Islet|jasiiradood]] oo ku yaal Harada Kivu, gaar ahaan Ishungu, Ibidja, Iko, Ihoka, iyo Cime.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chapitre premier: Présentation du groupement Mbinga-Sud |trans-title=Cutubka koowaad: Soo bandhigidda Mbinga-Sud Groupement |url=https://www.africmemoire.com/part.3-chapitre-premier-presentation-du-groupement-mbinga-sud-1018.html?fbclid=IwY2xjawREIpxleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFnWXNCcnF3em1aeEdsalVOc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHpQLR6y0bPvcOTiQ_cHW2Nvr-Y4cw9KmgeDc24n_mOKr0LiL8NU9vJV6hb_9_aem_No_U5B1QTEMwjsr0Y5KguQ |access-date=9 Abriil 2026 |website=Africmemoire.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==

=== Gargaarka, cimilada, iyo dhirta ===
Mbinga-Sud waxaa lagu gartaa gargaar qallafsan oo aad u kala qaybsan, taas oo caadi u ah dhinacyada galbeed ee [[Albertine Rift]] ee bariga Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo. Muuqaalku wuxuu ka kooban yahay buuro, hawd, taagag, jiirar dhaadheer, iyo niyad-jab [[Marsh|qoyan]] oo ay kala gooyaan durdurro badan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamera |first=Pepe |date=2019 |title=L'exploitation des enfants dans la fabrication des briques et son incidence socio-environnementale et éducative en milieux ruraux: Cas du territoire de Kalehe, groupement Mbinga-sud |trans-title=Shaqada Carruurta ee Sameynta Lebis-ka iyo Saameynteeda Bulsho-Deegaan iyo Waxbarasho ee Meelaha Miyiga ah: Tusaalaha Degmada Kalehe, Mbinga-Sud Grouping |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/06/22/12998/m_L-exploitation-des-enfants-dans-la-fabrication-des-briques-et-son-incidence-socio-environnementale-e11.html |access-date=8 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur pour la Promotion de la Paix, du Développement et de l'Environnement de Bukavu (ISPDE-Bukavu) |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aagagga dhulka siman waa kuwo xaddidan, waxaana badanaa laga helaa meel u dhow xeebta [[Harada Kivu]] iyo aagagga hoose ee dhinacyada galbeed ee [[Buuraha Mitumba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Sababo la xiriira goobta ay ku taal Buuraha Mitumba, ''groupement-ku'' wuxuu la kulmaa [[Alpine climate|cimilada buuraleyda]] oo leh [[Wet season|xilli roobaad]] dheer oo soconaya Sebtembar ilaa Maajo, iyo [[dry season|xilli abaar]] gaaban oo soconaya Juun ilaa Agoosto. Celcelis ahaan roobabka sannadlaha ah waxay u dhexeeyaan 1,300 iyo 1,680 mm, in kasta oo heerar ka sarreeya, oo gaaraya ilaa 2,000 mm, laga diiwaangeliyay aagagga galbeed ee Degmada Kalehe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Heerkulku guud ahaan wuu hooseeyaa dhinaca galbeed ee buuraleyda iyo aagagga kaymaha leh, halka xaalado dhexdhexaad ah ay ka jiraan aagagga bari, kuwaas oo ay saameeyeen ku dhowaanshaha Harada Kivu. [[Dhirta]] waxaa u badan kaymo cufan oo dhanka galbeed ah, in kasta oo xaalufinta kayntu ay si weyn u dhimtay, taas oo keentay [[grassland|dhir caws leh]] iyo [[savanna|bannaanno]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Biyo-mareenka iyo carrada ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 160
| image1            = Majestueux lac kivu.jpg
| caption1          = Muuqaalka [[Harada Kivu]] ee ka yimid Degmada Kalehe.
| caption_align     = center
}}
Mbinga-Sud waxaa qayb ahaan xuduud la leh oo ay saameyn ku leedahay Harada Kivu, oo biyaha ay soo saaraan dhowr tuulo oo ku teedsan harada, oo ay ku jiraan Ishovu, Ihoka, Iko, Ibindja, iyo Cime. Haradu waxay ku fidsan tahay qaybta koonfur-bari ee ''groupement-ka'' waxayna sii socotaa waqooyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Gudaha dalka, [[water resources|khayraadka biyaha]] waxaa laga helaa ilo badan, durdurro, iyo webiyo. [[Waterway|Waddooyinka biyaha]] ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah webiyada [[Nyabarongo River|Nyabarongo]], Nyakashungula, Cibira, Kangola, Ntungulu, Ndindi, Luzira, Sangano, Nyamikubi, Nyamuhondo, iyo Lwanjoka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

[[Soil type|Noocyada carrada]] way ku kala duwan yihiin aagga oo dhan, iyadoo carrada [[clay|dhoobo]]-[[Sand|ciid]] leh laga helo tuulooyinka Bushushu iyo qaybo ka mid ah Munanira, halka carrada dhoobada ah ee culus ay ka taliso aagagga sare sida buuraha, taagagga, jiirarka, iyo [[Islet|jasiiradaha]] harada. Carradan ayaa si gaar ah ugu nugul [[erosion|nabaad-guurka]] iyo xaalufka, gaar ahaan aagagga dhaadheer. Sida caadiga ah ee ka jirta [[Congo Basin]], carrada aan [[List of vineyard soil types|folkaanaha ahayn]] guud ahaan waxay ka maqan yihiin nafaqo ku filan iyo [[humus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== Maamulka iyo maaraynta ===
Mbinga-Sud waxaa lagu maamulaa nidaamka maamul ee caadada ah ee Boqortooyada Buhavu. Maamulaha ugu sarreeya waa ''chef de groupement'', oo matala ''[[Mwami]]'' (boqorka ugu sarreeya) wuxuuna u shaqeeyaa sidii hoggaamiyaha ugu horreeya ee maxalliga ah. Xafiiskan waxaa badanaa lagu kala dhaxlaa farac, wuxuuna ku lug leeyahay hawlo maamul iyo fulinta sharciyada caadada ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bahizire |first=Solange Furaha |date=2022 |title=La sociotherapie et la résilience communautaire en situation des conflits en groupement Mbinga-sud, territoire de Kalehe |trans-title=Sociotherapy iyo adkeysiga bulshada ee xaaladaha khilaafka ee Mbinga-Sud groupement, Degmada Kalehe |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/23/14340/m_La-sociotherapie-et-la-resilience-communautaire-en-situation-des-conflits-en-groupement-Mbinga-sud7.html |access-date=9 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur des Techniques de Développement de (ISTD-Kalehe) |language=fr |publication-place=Degmada Kalehe, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 Maajo 2010 |title=Loi organique n°10/011 du 18 mai 2010 portant fixation des subdivisions territoriales à l'intérieur des provinces |trans-title=Sharciga Dabiiciga ah No. 10/011 ee 18 Maajo 2010 oo dejinaya qaybaha dhuleed ee gudaha gobollada |url=https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/L.10.011.18.05.2010.htm |access-date=8 Abriil 2026 |website=Leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 Agoosto 2015 |title=Loi n° 15/015 du 25 aout 2015 fixant le statut des chefs coutumiers |trans-title=Sharciga No. 15/015 ee 25 Agoosto 2015 oo dejinaya heerka madaxda dhaqanka |url=https://leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/Loi.15.015.25.08.2015.html |access-date=8 Abriil 2026 |website=leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gole odayaal ah ayaa taageera ''chef de groupement'' iyagoo kala taliya go'aamada iyo ilaalinta dhaqamada soo jireenka ah. Nidaamka caddaaladdu wuxuu isku daraa dhaqamada caadada ah iyo maamul loo wakiishay, wuxuuna xalliyaa khilaafaadka yaryar ee heer maxalli ah, halka uu kiisaska halista ah u gudbiyo hoggaanka caadada sare ee ''Mwami''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Mbinga-Sud waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyay toban ''[[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|localités]]'' (tuulooyin), mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa hoggaamiya ''chef de localité'' (madaxa tuulada), oo u dhaqma sidii dhexdhexaadiye u dhexeeya dadka maxalliga ah iyo ''chef de groupement''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Maya.
!''Localités'' (tuulooyin)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1.
|Ishovu
|-
|2.
|Ihoka
|-
|3.
|Iko
|-
|4.
|Muhongoza
|-
|5.
|Tchofi
|-
|6.
|Bushushu
|-
|7.
|Munanira
|-
|8.
|Cibanda (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Chibandja)
|-
|9.
|Cibanja (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Ibinja)
|-
|10
|[[Kasheke]]
|}
Diiwaanka 2016 oo liis gareynaya madaxda deegaanka iyo tuulooyinka ay kormeeraan:&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Magacyada madaxda&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
!Tuulooyinka&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Ciringa Cinakonda
|Bushushu
|-
|Muhini Lemera
|Muhongoza
|-
|Kabudika Lushombo
|Munanira
|-
|Robert Baharanyi 
|Cibanda (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Chibandja)
|-
|Habamungu Chitambara
|[[Kasheke]]
|-
|Mastaki Zamu
|Tchofi
|-
|François Mbayu Ndeko 
|Ihoka
|-
|Celestin Magadju 
|Ishovu
|-
|Ngurube Akizimwami
|Iko
|-
|Shangi Buchekabiri
|Cibanja (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Ibinja)
|}

== Demographics ==

=== Dadweynaha ===
Sida uu dhigayo warbixinta tirakoobka sanadlaha ah ee Degmada Kalehe ee 2012, Mbinga-Sud waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 136,575, kuwaas oo ku kala baahsan dhowr ka mid ah tuulooyinkeeda, iyadoo Bushushu ay tahay tan dadka ugu badan, oo leh wadar dhan 25,186 qof:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Tuulooyinka&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
!Rag&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
!Dumar&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
!Wiilal&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
!Gabdho&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
!Wadar&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 
|-
|Bushushu
|5,529
|5,640
|6,502
|7,515
|25,186
|-
|Muhongoza
|1,873
|2,025
|2,295
|2,575
|8,769
|-
|Munanira
|4,793
|5,630
|5,861
|6,257
|22,541
|-
|Cibanda (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Chibandja)
|3,187
|3,272
|3,754
|3,566
|13,779
|-
|[[Kasheke]]
|3,421
|4,116
|7,920
|8,784
|24,241
|-
|Tchofi
|1,529
|1,888
|2,721
|3,029
|9,167
|-
|Ishovu
|1,447
|1,543
|1,874
|1,932
|6,796
|-
|Ihoka
|1,109
|1,178
|1,220
|1,376
|4,883
|-
|Iko
|1,402
|1,425
|1,820
|1,798
|6,445
|-
|Cibanja (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Ibinja)
|3,022
|3,132
|4,200
|4,411
|14,768
|-
|'''Wadar'''
|27,312
|29,849
|38,167
|41,244
|136,575
|}
Mbinga-Sud waxay leedahay dad aad u kala duwan, iyadoo qabiilka Bahavu ee [[Bashi people|qowmiyadda Bashi]] ay yihiin kooxda ugu weyn. [[Twa|Batwa]] waxay inta badan ku nool yihiin cidhifyada kaymaha meelaha sida Nyandera, Tchinji, Mandari, Bishulishuli, Fazili, Musinga, Buzingo, Musiku, Bulanga, Tchamula, iyo Bukungu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kooxaha kale ee qowmiyadaha ee aagga waxaa ka mid ah [[Tembo language|Batembo]], [[Lega people|Barega]], [[Fuliru people|Bafuliiru]], [[Bembe people|Babembe]], [[Hunde people|Bahunde]], [[Kusu language|Bakusu]], [[Lingala|Bangala]], [[Banyarwanda]], iyo [[Barundi]]. Qaar ka mid ah bulshooyinkan ayaa si dheeraad ah loogu habeeyay qayb-hoosaadyo maxalli ah oo yaryar. Dhulka qaniga ku ah macdanta ee Nyawarongo iyo Kairinge waxaa inta badan degan Bashi iyo [[Hutu|Bahutu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; 

''Groupement-ku'' wuxuu la kulmay dhaqdhaqaaqyo qax oo muhiim ah, gaar ahaan kooxaha da'da firfircoon, kuwaas oo gacan ka geystay kordhinta tirada Hutu-ga Rwanda iyo [[Tutsi|Tutsi-ga]], iyo sidoo kale Burundians, ee taagagga sare ee Degmada Kalehe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Dhaqdhaqaaqyadan waxaa sidoo kale saameeyay xilliyada khilaafaadka iyo barakicinta dadka, muddo ka dibna, dadku waxay si isa soo taraysa ugu urureen tuulooyinka sababtoo ah qax ka yimid miyiga, maadaama dadka deggan ay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin beeraha iyo xoolaha. Dad badan, gaar ahaan dhalinyarada, ayaa u qaxaya magaalooyinka [[Bukavu]] ee Kivu-ta Koonfureed iyo [[Goma]] ee Kivu-ta Waqooyi iyagoo raadinaya waxbarasho, shaqo, iyo xaalado nololeed oo wanaagsan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== Caafimaadka, diinta, iyo madadaalada ===
Mbinga-Sud waxay ku taal gudaha Aagga Caafimaadka ee Kalehe (''Zone de santé de Kalehe''), 65 km u jirta magaalada Bukavu. Sannadkii 1998, waxaa la daahfuray Xarunta Cisbitaalka Kalehe (''Centre hospitalier de Kalehe''; CHK), kaas oo markii dambe noqday cisbitaalka tixraaca guud (''hôpital de référence général'') oo kormeeraya 15 xarumood oo caafimaad (''centre de santé''), saddex qaybood oo hooyooyinka ah, iyo saddex xarumood oo caafimaad (''postes de santé'').&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bahizire |first=Solange Furaha |date=2022 |title=Tableau n°3: Population du groupement Mbinga-Sud |trans-title=Jadwalka 3: Dadka Mbinga-Sud Groupement |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/23/14340/m_La-sociotherapie-et-la-resilience-communautaire-en-situation-des-conflits-en-groupement-Mbinga-sud9.html |access-date=9 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur des Techniques de Développement de (ISTD-Kalehe) |language=fr |publication-place=Degmada Kalehe, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horumarkani wuxuu si weyn u wanaajiyay helitaanka daryeelka caafimaad, iyadoo taageero laga helayo Xafiiska Diocesan ee Shaqooyinka Caafimaadka (''bureau diocésain des œuvres médicales''; BDOM). Kahor tan, dadka deggan waxay inta badan u safrayeen FOMULAC-Katana si ay u helaan adeegyo caafimaad. Dhammaan xarumaha waxaa kormeera Aagga Caafimaadka ee FOMULAC-Katana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

[[Christianity|Masiixiyaddu]] waa diinta ugu badan, iyadoo ay jiraan metelaad muhiim ah oo ka tirsan bulshooyinka [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] iyo [[Protestantism|Protestant]], iyo sidoo kale [[Jehovah's Witnesses]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah xertii [[Animism|caqiidooyinka animist-ka]] dhaqameed, gaar ahaan gobollada buuraleyda ah. [[Islam|Diinta Islaamka]] iyo dhaqamada kale ee diimeed ayaa iyaguna jira.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

[[Association football|Kubadda cagta]] waa hawsha madadaalo ee ugu caansan, gaar ahaan dhalinyarada dhexdeeda. Dhowr [[Football club (association football)|kooxood oo kubadda cagta ah]] ayaa ka firfircoon aagga, oo ay ku jiraan Mapinduzi Sport, Nyota Sport, Tout Puissant Sport, Bushushu Sport, Saint Esprit Sport, Shosho Sport, iyo Libanga Sport.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Waxa kale oo jira qaar ka mid ah kooxaha [[karate]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kamera |first=Pepe |date=2019 |title=II.1.b.3.e. Social aspects |trans-title=II.1.b.3.e. Dhinacyada bulshada |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/06/22/12998/m_L-exploitation-des-enfants-dans-la-fabrication-des-briques-et-son-incidence-socio-environnementale-e12.html |access-date=8 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur pour la Promotion de la Paix, du Développement et de l'Environnement de Bukavu (ISPDE-Bukavu) |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==
Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee Mbinga-Sud waxay ahaayeen kooxaha qowmiyadda [[African Pygmies|Pygmy]] kuwaas oo ku noolaa ugaarsiga, ka ururinta kaymaha cufan, iyo [[fishing|kalluumeysiga]]. Waxay ku noolaayeen iyada oo aan jirin nidaam maamul ilaa laga xoojiyay awoodda ''[[Mwami]]'' (boqorka ugu sarreeya) ee Boqortooyada Buhavu, Ntale I.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

''Mwami'' Ntale I wuxuu aasaasay saldhigiisii ugu horreeyay ee Ishovu ka hor inta uusan u fidin awooddiisa Munanira, oo ahayd dhul cusub oo la helay. Fiditaankan ka dib, wuxuu awoodda u wakiishay wiilkiisii, Prince Jules Lushombo, kaas oo isna ka tagay Munanira, meeshii &quot;Busomi&quot; deganaa, si uu ugu dego [[Kasheke]], oo ah xarunta maamulka ee Mbinga-Sud.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Waqtigaas ilaa hadda, ''groupement-ka'' waxaa xukumayay laba madax: Lushombo Kamirogosa iyo Jules Lushombo, wiilka Joli, kan hadda xilka haya. Madaxdani waxay u dhaqmaan sidii wakiillo ka socda ''Mwami'' gudaha ''groupement-ka'', waxayna ku dhaqmaan awoodda caadada ah ee arrimaha maxalliga ah. Madaxdu waxay dhulka ku qoondeeyaan magaca ''Mwami'' waxayna dadweynaha ka ururiyaan canshuur dhaqameed loo yaqaan ''Kalinzi''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Dhibaatooyinka amniga ===
{{Main|Kalehe Territory#Security problems}}

== Dhaqaale ==

=== Beeraha ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 220
| image1            = AxeMitiHombo27 (6956246035).jpg
| caption1          = Dadka deegaanka oo ku qallajinaya [[cassava|googo'a masago]] qorraxda Degmada Kalehe.
| caption_align     = center
}}

[[Agriculture|Beeruhu]] waa hawsha dhaqaale ee ugu weyn Mbinga-Sud, halkaas oo inta badan dadku ay ku nool yihiin aagagga miyiga. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga ee beeralayda maxalliga ah waxayna taageertaa baahiyaha aasaasiga ah ee qoyska, oo ay ku jiraan cunto, dhar, daryeel caafimaad, hoy, iyo waxbarasho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Dhulka beereedka ''groupement-ku'' wuxuu inta badan u go'an yahay [[subsistence crops|dalagyada nolosha]], iyadoo [[Banana|muuska]], [[cassava|masagada]], iyo [[Bean|digirta]] ay yihiin kuwa ugu badan. Taagagga sare, beeralayda waxay beertaan [[Vegetable|khudaarta]], [[Pea|digirta]], iyo [[Potato|baradhada]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dalagyada kale waxaa ka mid ah [[Vicia faba|digirta fava]], [[Sweet potato|baradho macaan]], [[sorghum|masago]], iyo [[maize|hadhuudh]]. Masagadu waa wax soo saarka [[Agricultural productivity|beeraha]] ee ugu badan ee la kala iibsado, halka muusku uu yahay dalagga labaad ee ugu muhiimsan wuxuuna ka ciyaaraa door muhiim ah ganacsiga tooska ah ee [[Rwanda]]. Muuska waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa maxalli ahaan in lagu soo saaro cabitaanka khamriga ah ee dhaqameed ee loo yaqaan ''kasikisi'' (ama ''Kasiksi'').&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Qaxwaha waxaa loo beeraa sidii [[Perennial crop|dalag beerasho joogto ah]] waxaana loo dhoofiyaa Rwanda, halka digirta, [[Peanut|lawska]], iyo hadhuudhka inta badan loo beero isticmaalka maxalliga ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Xogta tirakoobka 2021 ee wax soo saarka [[Subsistence agriculture|dalagyada nolosha]] ee Degmada Kalehe:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sannad
!Masagada
!Hadhuudh
!Muuska
!Digirta
!Lawska
!Baradho macaan
!Baradhada
!Masago
!''Saja''
|-
|2014
|67,280
|6,218
|7,910
|5,720
|1,655
|1,745
|720
|240
|218
|-
|2015
|62,340
|5,484
|7,857
|4,668
|1,633
|1,721
|705
|233
|223
|-
|2016
|61,304
|5,430
|8,892
|6,929
|9,970
|984
|700
|211
|209
|-
|2017
|61,400
|5,020
|7,573
|4,536
|915
|820
|680
|191
|266
|-
|2018
|59,489
|5,000
|6,507
|4,110
|913
|817
|570
|179
|273
|-
|2019
|1,789,314
|39,863
|46,841
|21,340
|19,725
|53,122
|74,982
|35,107
|1,843
|-
|2020
|1,881,744
|43,194
|51,392
|29,001
|20,331
|57,114
|63,014
|2,934
|2,003
|-
|2021
|1,973,397
|30,832
|40,122
|40,122
|12,252
|27,933
|19,739
|1,184
|987
|}
Tan iyo 1970-yadii, beeralayda ayaa si isa soo taraysa diiradda u saaray [[Cash crop|dalagyada lacagta]] sida [[quinine]] sababtoo ah [[market value|qiimahooda suuqeed]] oo sarreeya iyo baahida [[Industrial marketing|suuqyada warshadaha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Diiradda la saaray dalagyada lacagta iyo [[Agricultural marketing|beeraha suuq-geynta]] waxay keentay cawaaqib bulsho iyo deegaan, oo ay ku jiraan [[Soil retrogression and degradation|nabaad-guurka carrada]], hoos u dhaca [[food security|amniga cuntada]], iyo caqabado soo wajaha dadka intiisa badan ku tiirsan beeraha si ay u noolaadaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==== Lahaanshaha dhulka, xoolo-dhaqashada, iyo ururada horumarinta ====
Nidaamka [[land tenure|lahaanshaha dhulku]] waa nidaam feudal ah, iyadoo dhammaan dhulka uu si rasmi ah u leeyahay ''[[Mwami]]'', oo ah maamulka kaliya ee awood u leh inuu dadka siiyo xuquuqda [[land use|isticmaalka dhulka]], iyo [[land acquisition|helidda dhulka]] waxaa dhaqan ahaan maamula caadooyin, kuwaas oo kuwa ugu muhiimsan ay yihiin:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

* ''Kalinzi'': Lacag lagu bixiyo xuquuqda isticmaalka dhulka. Lacagta badanaa waxaa lagu bixiyaa si dabiici ah, sida [[Cattle|lo'] or [[goat|ri']]], waxayna ka tarjumaysaa goobta dhulka iyo xiriirka u dhexeeya qofka dhulka leh iyo ''Mwami''. Helitaanka dhul nidaamkan hoostiisa ah waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay dhaxal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* ''Bwasa'': Nidaamkan hoostiisa, beeralaydu wuxuu ka kireeyaa dhul ([[Field (agriculture)|beer]]) qof kale oo [[cultivator|beeralay ah]] muddo gaaban. Lacagta sidoo kale waxaa lagu bixiyaa si dabiici ah, dhulkana looma arko qayb ka mid ah dhaxal; dalagyada nolosha kaliya ayaa la oggol yahay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Tobannaankii sano ee u dambeeyay, nidaamka ''Kalinzi'' ayaa hoos u dhacay, maadaama qaar ka mid ah beeraha loo iibiyay shaqsiyaad gaar ah ama ay dowladdu u wareejisay, tusaale ahaan Pharmakina ama Comité Anti-Bwaki. Beeralaydu hadda waxay inta badan isticmaalaan nidaamka ''Bwasa'', oo badanaa loo isticmaalo xilli la cusboonaysiin karo oo ah qorshe la cabbiray oo ah 50 mitir laba jibbaaran, badanaa iyadoo lagu beddelanayo dammaanad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Heerka degmada, nidaamka cadastral ee rasmiga ah sidoo kale wuu jiraa, kaas oo ku iibiya goobo heshiisyo rasmi ah, mararka qaarkoodna ka gudba caadooyinka gebi ahaanba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

[[Livestock|Xoolo-dhaqashada]] waxaa ka mid ah xayawaanno yaryar iyo kuwo waaweyn, sida [[Goat|ri']], [[Pig|doofaar]], [[Rabbit|bakayle]], [[Guinea pig|doofaar-badeed]], lo', [[sheep|ido]], iyo kuwa kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bahizire |first=Solange Furaha |date=2022 |title=II.4.3. L'Elevage |trans-title=II.4.3. Xoolo-dhaqashada |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/23/14340/m_La-sociotherapie-et-la-resilience-communautaire-en-situation-des-conflits-en-groupement-Mbinga-sud8.html |access-date=9 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur des Techniques de Développement de (ISTD-Kalehe) |language=fr |publication-place=Degmada Kalehe, Kivu-ta Koonfureed, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Xogta tirakoobka 2020 ee xayawaannada lagu dhaqo Degmada Kalehe:&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Noocyada
!Tirada madaxyada
!Tirada beeralayda
|-
|Lo'
|27,152
|2,283
|-
|Doofaar
|28,888
|1,896
|-
|Ri'
|363,934
|16,352
|-
|Ido
|29,662
|1,564
|-
|Bakayle
|9,850
|32,854
|-
|[[Chicken|Digaag]]
|194,361
|7,689
|-
|[[Duck|Bakaal]]
|141,243
|6,325
|-
|Doofaar-badeed
|93,560
|5,867
|-
|[[Columbidae|Qoolley]]
|6,762
|754
|-
|[[Turkey (bird)|Turki]]
|47,362
|1,576
|-
|[[Dog|Eey]]
|9,020
|5,642
|-
|[[Cat|Bisad]]
|7,418
|645
|-
|[[Horse|Farax]]
|15
|4
|-
|[[Goose|Goose]]
|31
|4
|-
|[[Guinea fowl|Guinea fowls]]
|123
|6
|-
|[[Quail|Quails]]
|500
|1
|}
Taagagga sare ee Bulanga, Bushaku, Kichwambili, iyo Tchamula waxay caan ku yihiin xoolo-dhaqashada waaweyn, taas oo taariikh ahaan bixin jirtay [[Bride price|meher]] iyo helitaanka aagag waaweyn oo la beeri karo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Qaybtan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa si ba'an u saameeyay tan iyo [[First Congo War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Kongo]] tuugada, boobka, iyo [[Kivu conflict|khilaafaadka Kivu]] ee socda. La'aanta adeegyada xoolaha ayaa keentay dhimashada qaar ka mid ah xoolaha haray.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Tirakoobka noocyada xoolaha 1995, 1996, iyo 1997:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Noocyada
!1995
!1996
!1997
|-
|Ri'
|4371
|2857
|1920
|-
|Ido
|485
|262
|193
|-
|Doofaar
|297
|199
|302
|-
|Lo'
|5822
|1449
|332
|}
Tan iyo 1986, beeralayda waxaa lagu soo ururiyay hal urur horumarineed oo loo yaqaan ''Comité de Développement Intégré de Kalehe'' (CDI-Kalehe), kaas oo diiradda saaraya kor u qaadista hindisayaasha haweenka, xoolaha yaryar, beeraha, iyo [[reforestation|dib-u-beeridda kaynta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Intaas ka dib, ururro kale ayaa soo ifbaxay, oo ay ku jiraan: Guddiga Horumarinta Maxalliga ah (''comité local de développement''; CLD), Xarunta Animation Miyiga (''centre d'animation rurale''; CAR), AMDA, iyo GALE.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Ururada aan dowliga ahayn (NGOs) ee ka firfircoon Mbinga-Sud waxaa ka mid ah ''Aides aux Personnes Démunies'' (APED), ''Action pour la paix et la concorde'' (APC), [[Action Against Hunger]], ''Action pour le Développement et la Paix endogènes'' (ADEPAE), [[International Rescue Committee]], iyo [[World Vision International]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Kalluumeysiga iyo macdanta ===
Kalluumeysiga waxaa inta badan lagu sameeyaa [[Harada Kivu]]. Noocyada inta badan la qabto waxaa ka mid ah [[tilapia]], ''[[Limnothrissa]]'', iyo ''[[haplochromis]]'', in kasta oo kaydka kalluunku aanu ku filnayn inuu si buuxda u daboolo baahiyaha nafaqeynta ee dadka maxalliga ah. Wax soo saarka kalluunka waa mid xilliyeed, hoos u dhaca inta lagu jiro [[Wet season|xilli roobaadka]] iyo kordhinta inta lagu jiro [[dry season|xilli abaaraha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

[[Fishing techniques|Hababka kalluumeysiga]] waxay ku xiran yihiin qalabka la isticmaalo. [[Fishing line|Kalluumeysiga xadhigga]], oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''luloba'', waxaa ku dhaqma dadka deggan xeebta, carruurta jasiiradaha, iyo dhalinyarada shaqo la'aanta ah. Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ah kalluumeysiga [[Fishing net|shabagga]] caadiga ah (''Mulaga''), kalluumeysiga [[harpoon|gudbinta]] (''Omushambi''), kalluumeysiga [[Fish trap|dabinka]] (''chishenge''), kalluumeysiga [[Hand net|shabagga gacanta]] (''kasaburo''), iyo kalluumeysiga [[Handline fishing|gacanta]] ee biyaha wasakhaysan (''okuzimbira'').&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Qaar ka mid ah hababkan [[Subsistence fishing|dhaqameed]] ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u baaba'aya. Kalluumeysiga shabaggu badanaa wuxuu ku lug leeyahay kooxo ka kooban saddex [[Canoe|doonyood]] oo habeenkii shaqeeya, iyagoo isticmaalaya [[Plankton net|shabagyo]] lagu iftiimiyay [[Kerosene lamp|laambadaha batroolka]]. Kalluumeysatada waxaa loo kala saaraa midkood [[Subsistence fishing|kalluumeysato farsameysan]], kuwaas oo ku hawlan kalluumeysi ka sii habaysan oo [[commercial fishing|ganacsi ah]], ama kalluumeysato dhaqameed ama caado ah, kuwaas oo ku tiirsan dhaqamada maxalliga ah ee soo jireenka ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

[[subsoil|Dhulka hoostiisa]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo waxaa ku jira noocyo kala duwan oo macdano ah, qaar ka mid ah kuwaas oo aan wali la sahamin. Sahaminta laga sameeyay Mbinga-Sud ayaa muujisay jiritaanka khayraadka macdanta ee aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Inta badan [[Quarry|miinoyinkan]] waxaa la helay 1990-meeyadii waxaana si maxalli ah loogu maamulaa gudaha aagagga beeraha, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa [[cassiterite]]. Bushushu, waxaa jira laba miino oo caan ah, iyadoo mid ka mid ah ay ku taal Nyamukubi, 84 km u jirta Bukavu, iyo mid kale oo ku taal Lushebere, 87 km u jirta Bukavu. Nyawaronga, gaar ahaan goob loo yaqaan Ibale, cassiterite iyo [[gold|dahab]] ayaa jira.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Ganacsiga, gaadiidka, iyo isgaarsiinta ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 220
| image1            = Territoire de Kalehe, Sud-Kivu - Le pont Luzira vient d’être remis officiellement le lundi 16 février 2015 au gouvernement provincial, après sa réhabilitation par la MONUSCO-Sud-Kivu. (16712003615).jpg
| caption1          = Luzira Bridge oo la dayactiray ee Degmada Kalehe, oo ay sugeen ciidamada MONUSCO. Buundada waxaa qaaday [[landslide|dhul-go']] Oktoobar 2014, taas oo ay sababtay roobab daadad ah oo keentay dhimasho badan iyo [[property damage|khasaare hantiyeed]].
| caption_align     = center
}}

Ganacsiga moobilka ee wax soo saarka beeraha waa qaabka ugu badan ee ganacsiga aagga. Dukaamada joogtada ah ayaa ku dhow inaanay jirin, marka laga reebo dukaamo yaryar iyo qaar ka mid ah suuqyada maxalliga ah sida Buhavu, Kanjuki, Cigera, Bushushu, iyo Nyamukubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Alaabta lagu iibiyo suuqyadan waxaa ka mid ah kalluun, wax soo saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha, iyo qaar ka mid ah alaabta la soo saaray. Qaybintu waxay ku dhacdaa [[Road transport|waddo]] iyo [[Maritime transport|gaadiidka biyaha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; 

Waddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee gaadiidka iyo isgaarsiinta ee Mbinga-Sud waa waddooyinka harada iyo waddooyinka. [[Speedboats|Doonyaha xawaaraha sare]], doonyaha mashiinnada ku shaqeeya, iyo [[Canoe|doonyaha]] ayaa ka shaqeeya Harada Kivu, iyagoo isku xira Bukavu iyo Goma, Degmada Kalehe, iyo Rwanda, halka baabuurta waddooyinka ay taageeraan ganacsiga wadada Goma–Bukavu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Tuulooyinka iyo tuulo-hoosaadyada ayaa sidoo kale isku xira [[Agricultural road|waddooyinka beeraha]]. Adeegyada [[Telecommunications|isgaarsiinta]] iyo [[internet]] ayaa laga heli karaa dhowr [[Internet service provider|bixiyeyaal]]: [[Airtel Africa#Countries of operations|Airtel Congo RDC]], oo lagu rakibay Nyabibwe (100 km u jirta Goma iyo Bukavu) iyo Musinga; [[Orange RDC]], oo lagu rakibay Nyabibwe, Kasaka, iyo [[Idjwi]]; [[Vodacom#Member companies|Vodacom]], oo lagu rakibay Idjwi iyo Kadjuchu-Katana; iyo [[Millicom|Tigo]], oo lagu rakibay Chibandja.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Dhismaha guryaha iyo farsamada gacanta ===
Dadka deggan waxay dhaqan ahaan ku noolaayeen [[Hut|aqallo]] ka samaysan [[straw|caws]] ama [[Thatching|saqaf]]. Iyada oo la casriyaynayo, dadka tuulada waxay bilaabeen inay guryo ka dhisaan [[Sheet metal|birta]] iyo [[Plank (wood)|looxyo]] alwaax ah, qaar kalena weli laga dhisay [[mud|dhoobo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Sannadkii 2020, Solange Furaha Bahizire oo ka tirsan Institut Supérieur des Techniques de Développement de Kalehe ayaa xustay in inta badan guryaha ay yihiin kuwo badh-joogto ah, oo yar, oo ka samaysan qalab aad u adkeysi leh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Darbiyada waxaa badanaa la dhisaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo [[rammed earth|ciid la isku cadaadiyey]], maadaama dad badan oo deggan aysan haysan lacag ay ku dhistaan dhismayaal si buuxda u joogto ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; 
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 450
| image1            = Eboulement à kalehe au Sud-Kivu (RDC).jpg
| image2            = Kalehe floods 2023 A07I7462 (52906602785).jpg
| footer_align      = center
| footer            = Dhismayaasha la deggan yahay ee Degmada Kalehe oo ay saameeyeen [[landslide|dhul-go']]
| align             = center
}}

Mbinga-Sud waxay leedahay dhaqan farsamada gacanta oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Brickworks|sameynta lebiska]], dhismaha [[canoe|doonyaha]], [[forging|bir-tumista]], iyo sameynta [[gate|albaabbada]]. Qiyaastii horraantii 2000-meeyadii, sameynta lebiska ayaa caan ku noqotay ''groupement-ka'', farsamo ay soo bandhigeen bulshooyinka Hutu iyo Tutsi ee Rwanda, taas oo siisay dadka maxalliga ah hab ay ku dhistaan dhismayaal aad u adag.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Sameynta lebiska waa hawl xilliyeed, oo la fuliyo inta lagu jiro xilli abaaraha, in kasta oo lebiska la iibiyo mar kasta oo loo baahdo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Sannadkii 2016, Mwenyezi Nabudabaga oo ka tirsan Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural de Bukavu (ISDR-Bukavu) ayaa xustay in dhismaha doonyaha uu hoos u dhacayay sababtoo ah gabaabsi ku yimid geedaha ku habboon iyo xiiso la'aan ama xirfado la'aan ka haysata dhalinyarada.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Bir-tumistuna sidoo kale waxay ku dhowdahay inay baaba'do, maadaama inta badan farsamoyaqaannada xirfadda leh ay dhinteen, aqoontana aan loo gudbin jiilka hadda jira.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>bukrarbofe8afdcab6135cpm5zvuonu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kibuye, Rwanda</title>
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      <text bytes="8916" sha1="r5u8iegb1e2f9dz4ajf346g1cedjpzm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;| official_name                   = Kibuye, Rwanda
| native_name                     = &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
| other_name                      = 
| settlement_type                 = [[List of cities in Rwanda|Magaalo]]
| image_skyline                   = Exterior of Genocide Memorial Church with Never Again Display in Foreground - Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = Kaniisadda xusuusta [[Xasuuq]]-ii, oo ay la socoto calaamadda &quot;Never Again&quot;
| image_flag                      = 
| flag_size                       = 
| image_seal                      = 
| seal_size                       = 
| image_shield                    = 
| shield_size                     = 
| image_blank_emblem              = 
| blank_emblem_type               = 
| blank_emblem_size               = 
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = &lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| image_map1                      = 
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = 
| pushpin_map                     = Rwanda&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
| pushpin_label_position          = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption             = Goobta ay ku taal Rwanda
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| coordinates                     = {{coord|2|03|42|S|29|20|54|E|region:RW|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type                = Waddan
| subdivision_name                = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]]
| subdivision_type1               = Gobolka Maamulka
| subdivision_type2               = Degmo
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name1               = [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Karongi]]
| subdivision_name3               = 
| subdivision_name4               = &lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
| established_title               = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date                = 
| established_title2              = &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
| established_date2               = 
| established_title3              = &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
| established_date3               = &lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = Duqa Magaalada
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
| leader_name1                    = 
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_total_sq_mi                = 
| area_land_km2                   = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_urban_sq_mi                = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| area_metro_sq_mi                = 
| area_blank1_title               = 
| area_blank1_km2                 = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi               = &lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
| elevation_footnotes             = &lt;!--for references: use&lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m                     = 1457
| elevation_ft                    = &lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
| population_total                = 12,325
| population_as_of                = 2012
| population_footnotes            = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/cities/ Citypopulation.de] Tirada dadka magaalooyinka &amp; xaafadaha magaalada ee Rwanda&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_urban                = 
| population_density_urban_km2    = 
| population_density_urban_sq_mi  = 
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_metro_km2    = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi  = 
| population_blank1_title         = Qowmiyadaha
| population_blank1               = 
| population_density_blank1_km2   = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = &lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| population_blank2_title         = Diimaha
| population_blank2               = 
| population_note                 = 
| postal_code_type                = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code                       = 
| website                         = 
| footnotes                       = 
| leader_title2                   = 
| leader_name2                    = 
| leader_title3                   = 
| leader_name3                    = 
| leader_title4                   = 
| leader_name4                    = 
| timezone                        = 
| utc_offset                      = 
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| blank_name                      = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
| blank_info                      = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
| blank1_name                     = 
| blank1_info                     = 
| name                            = Kibuye
}}

'''Kibuye'''({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Kibuye.wav|Dhawaaqa}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Degmada Karongi]], waana xarunta [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]] ee dalka [[Rwanda]].

==Goobta==
Magaaladu waxay ku taal xeebaha bari ee [[Harada Kivu]], inta u dhaxaysa [[Gisenyi]] iyo [[Cyangugu]], qiyaastii {{convert|135|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, galbeed ka xigta [[Kigali]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn dalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|  url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kigali%2C%20Rwanda&amp;toplace=Kibuye%2C%20Western%20Province%2C%20Rwanda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJl-fYjiWk3BkRyAsdQaU2K_M&amp;dt2=ChIJcTzNrxUp3RkRAQZEMIXy-XI| title=Masaafada u dhaxaysa Kigali, Rwanda iyo Kibuye, Gobolka Galbeed, Rwanda|
publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC) |date=6 Maarso 2016| accessdate=6 Maarso 2016|last=GFC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee magaaladu waa: 2°03'42.0&quot;S, 29°20'54.0&quot;E (Loolka:-2.061672; Dhigta:29.348344).&lt;ref&gt;{{google maps|accessdate=6 Maarso 2016|
url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B003'42.0%22S+29%C2%B020'54.0%22E/@-2.0616666,29.3461607,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|title=Goobta Kibuye, Degmada Karongi, Galbeedka Rwanda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dulmar==
Kibuye waxaa loo yaqaanaa meel [[beach resort|xeebta]] loo tamashle tago, waxayna u jirtaa masaafo baabuur lagu gaari karo laba beero qaran. Waxay hoy u tahay goob xusuus ah oo loogu talagalay [[xasuuq]]-ii lagu laayay 90% dadkii [[Tutsi]] ee magaalada ku noolaa intii lagu guda jiray [[Xasuuqii Rwanda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title='Way adag tahay in lagu noolaado waxa aan ognahay'|first=Chris | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/mar/29/rwanda.chrismcgreal|
accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|last=McGreal|date=29 Maarso 2004|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndaba Falls waxay ku yaallaan meel u dhow magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|publisher=Lonelyplanet.com (LPC) |
url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda/kibuye/things-to-do |title=Waxyaabaha lagu sameeyo Kibuye |last=LPC|date=7 Maarso 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Labada [[Kibuye Power Plant 1]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Lakescientist.com| url=http://www.lakescientist.com/rwandan-power-plant-converts-methane-from-exploding-lake-into-clean-energy/|title=Warshadda korontada ee Rwanda waxay u beddeshaa methane-ka harada qaraxaysa tamar nadiif ah|accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|date=31 Agoosto 2010|last=Henderson |first=Zack}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[KivuWatt Power Station]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507170669.html|accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|title=Rwanda: Dowladda oo u dhaqaaqday xallinta caqabadaha korontada|date=17 Luulyo 2015|newspaper=[[New Times (Rwanda)]] via [[AllAfrica.com]]| location=Kigali| last=Tumwebaze|first=Peterson}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ku yaallaan gudaha Kibuye.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Afrika}}
*[[Retreat at Lake Kivu]]
*[[Gitesi]]
*[[Rubengera]]
*[[Gasenyi]]
*[[Birambo]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Kibuye}}
*[http://wandermuch.com/kibuye-rwanda-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu/ Xeebaha Harada Kivu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117013224/http://wandermuch.com/kibuye-rwanda-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu/ |date=2020-01-17}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|02|03|42|S|29|20|54|E|region:RW_type:city|display=title}}</text>
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      <id>299209</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-25T08:35:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="8886" sha1="gjyx57svuuf1ova7zyktaux17iil2j3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;| official_name                   = Kibuye, Rwanda
| native_name                     = &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
| other_name                      = 
| settlement_type                 = [[List of cities in Rwanda|Magaalo]]
| image_skyline                   = Exterior of Genocide Memorial Church with Never Again Display in Foreground - Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = Kaniisadda xusuusta [[Xasuuq]]-ii, oo ay la socoto calaamadda &quot;Never Again&quot;
| image_flag                      = 
| flag_size                       = 
| image_seal                      = 
| seal_size                       = 
| image_shield                    = 
| shield_size                     = 
| image_blank_emblem              = 
| blank_emblem_type               = 
| blank_emblem_size               = 
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = &lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| image_map1                      = 
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = 
| pushpin_map                     = Rwanda&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
| pushpin_label_position          = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption             = Goobta ay ku taal Rwanda
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;| coordinates                     = {{coord|2|03|42|S|29|20|54|E|region:RW|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type                = Waddan
| subdivision_name                = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]]
| subdivision_type1               = Gobolka Maamulka
| subdivision_type2               = Degmo
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name1               = [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Karongi]]
| subdivision_name3               = 
| subdivision_name4               = &lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
| established_title               = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
| established_date                = 
| established_title2              = &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
| established_date2               = 
| established_title3              = &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
| established_date3               = &lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = Duqa Magaalada
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
| leader_name1                    = 
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = &lt;!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_total_sq_mi                = 
| area_land_km2                   = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_urban_sq_mi                = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| area_metro_sq_mi                = 
| area_blank1_title               = 
| area_blank1_km2                 = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi               = &lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
| elevation_footnotes             = &lt;!--for references: use&lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
| elevation_m                     = 1457
| elevation_ft                    = &lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
| population_total                = 12,325
| population_as_of                = 2012
| population_footnotes            = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/cities/ Citypopulation.de] Tirada dadka magaalooyinka &amp; xaafadaha magaalada ee Rwanda&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_urban                = 
| population_density_urban_km2    = 
| population_density_urban_sq_mi  = 
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_metro_km2    = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi  = 
| population_blank1_title         = Qowmiyadaha
| population_blank1               = 
| population_density_blank1_km2   = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = &lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
| population_blank2_title         = Diimaha
| population_blank2               = 
| population_note                 = 
| postal_code_type                = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code                       = 
| website                         = 
| footnotes                       = 
| leader_title2                   = 
| leader_name2                    = 
| leader_title3                   = 
| leader_name3                    = 
| leader_title4                   = 
| leader_name4                    = 
| timezone                        = 
| utc_offset                      = 
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| blank_name                      = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
| blank_info                      = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
| blank1_name                     = 
| blank1_info                     = 
| name                            = Kibuye
}}

'''Kibuye'''({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Kibuye.wav|Dhawaaqa}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Degmada Karongi]], waana xarunta [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]] ee dalka [[Rwanda]].

==Goobta==
Magaaladu waxay ku taal xeebaha bari ee [[Harada Kivu]], inta u dhaxaysa [[Gisenyi]] iyo [[Cyangugu]], qiyaastii {{convert|135|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, galbeed ka xigta [[Kigali]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn dalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|  url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kigali%2C%20Rwanda&amp;toplace=Kibuye%2C%20Western%20Province%2C%20Rwanda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJl-fYjiWk3BkRyAsdQaU2K_M&amp;dt2=ChIJcTzNrxUp3RkRAQZEMIXy-XI| title=Masaafada u dhaxaysa Kigali, Rwanda iyo Kibuye, Gobolka Galbeed, Rwanda|
publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC) |date=6 Maarso 2016| accessdate=6 Maarso 2016|last=GFC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee magaaladu waa: 2°03'42.0&quot;S, 29°20'54.0&quot;E (Loolka:-2.061672; Dhigta:29.348344).&lt;ref&gt;{{google maps|accessdate=6 Maarso 2016|
url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B003'42.0%22S+29%C2%B020'54.0%22E/@-2.0616666,29.3461607,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|title=Goobta Kibuye, Degmada Karongi, Galbeedka Rwanda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dulmar==
Kibuye waxaa loo yaqaanaa meel [[beach resort|xeebta]] loo tamashle tago, waxayna u jirtaa masaafo baabuur lagu gaari karo laba beero qaran. Waxay hoy u tahay goob xusuus ah oo loogu talagalay [[xasuuq]]-ii lagu laayay 90% dadkii [[Tutsi]] ee magaalada ku noolaa intii lagu guda jiray [[Xasuuqii Rwanda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title='Way adag tahay in lagu noolaado waxa aan ognahay'|first=Chris | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/mar/29/rwanda.chrismcgreal|
accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|last=McGreal|date=29 Maarso 2004|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndaba Falls waxay ku yaallaan meel u dhow magaalada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|publisher=Lonelyplanet.com (LPC) |
url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda/kibuye/things-to-do |title=Waxyaabaha lagu sameeyo Kibuye |last=LPC|date=7 Maarso 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Labada [[Kibuye Power Plant 1]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Lakescientist.com| url=http://www.lakescientist.com/rwandan-power-plant-converts-methane-from-exploding-lake-into-clean-energy/|title=Warshadda korontada ee Rwanda waxay u beddeshaa methane-ka harada qaraxaysa tamar nadiif ah|accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|date=31 Agoosto 2010|last=Henderson |first=Zack}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[KivuWatt Power Station]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507170669.html|accessdate=7 Maarso 2016|title=Rwanda: Dowladda oo u dhaqaaqday xallinta caqabadaha korontada|date=17 Luulyo 2015|newspaper=[[New Times (Rwanda)]] via [[AllAfrica.com]]| location=Kigali| last=Tumwebaze|first=Peterson}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ku yaallaan gudaha Kibuye.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Afrika}}
*[[Retreat at Lake Kivu]]
*[[Gitesi]]
*[[Rubengera]]
*[[Gasenyi]]
*[[Birambo]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://wandermuch.com/kibuye-rwanda-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu/ Xeebaha Harada Kivu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117013224/http://wandermuch.com/kibuye-rwanda-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu/ |date=2020-01-17}}

{{Authority control}}
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  <page>
    <title>Kamuronza</title>
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      <text bytes="24995" sha1="kdx76btoaajn0rk5dc6nccnovu1hxk3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kamuronza
| official_name = ''Groupement de Kamuronza''
| settlement_type = [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Kooxaynta]]
| image_skyline = Cité de Sake.jpg
| imagesize = 280
| image_caption = [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]], Kamuronza
| pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo
| subdivision_type = Waddan
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Gobolka]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[North Kivu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Degmada]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Masisi Territory|Masisi]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Maamulka]]
| subdivision_name3 = Bahunde
| seat_type = Xarunta maamulka
| seat = [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]]
| area_total_km2 = 162
| population_total = 43616
| population_as_of = 2010 qiyaas
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda rasmiga ah]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[French language|Faransiis]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda qaran]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Congo Swahili|Kiswahili]]
}}

'''Kamuronza''' waa mid ka mid ah lixda ''[[Masisi Territory#Administration and governance|groupements]]'' (kooxayn) ee [[Masisi Territory#Administration and governance|Maamulka Bahunde]], oo ku yaalla [[Degmada Masisi]], [[North Kivu]], bariga [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]]. Xarunteeda maamul waa magaalada [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]]. Sida ku xusan xogta 2010-kii, kooxayntu waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 43,616 qof waxayna ku fadhidaa bed dhan qiyaastii 162 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=Aspect politico-administratif et démographique |trans-title=Dhinacyada siyaasadda, maamulka, iyo dadka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC12.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 Nofeembar 2022 |title=Rapport d'une visite &quot;Go and See&quot; à Sake, groupement Kamuronza, territoire de Masisi, le 22 novembre 2022 |url=https://fscluster.org/sites/default/files/documents/rapport_mission_de_go_and_see_a_sake_du_22_novembre_2022_intersos_ocha_vf.pdf |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Fscluster.org |publisher=[[Intersos]] iyo [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |pages=1–4 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo ku taal bariga Degmada Masisi, Kamuronza waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi [[Maamulka Bashali]], dhanka koonfureed [[Harada Kivu]], taas oo kala saarta [[Degmada Kalehe]] ee gobolka dariska la ah ee [[South Kivu]], dhanka bari magaalada [[Goma]], dhanka galbeed kooxaynta Mupfuni-Karuba, iyo dhanka koonfur-galbeed kooxaynta Mupfuni-Shanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=Deuxième chapitre: présentation du milieu d'étude |trans-title=Cutubka Labaad: Soo bandhigida goobta la darsayo |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC11.html#toc42 |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamuronza waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyaa todobo [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|tuulo]]: Matcha, Malehe, Kimoka, Kingi, Katembe, Murambi, iyo Nzulo, iyadoo dadku ay qowmiyad ahaan u badanyihiin [[Hunde people|Hunde]], [[Hutu]], iyo [[Tutsi]], iyadoo ay jiraan kooxo yaryar sida [[Twa|Batwa]], [[Bushi (region)|Bashi]], [[Nande people|Nande]], [[Havu language|Havu]], [[Tembo language|Tembo]], [[Nyanga people|Nyanga]], iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sambili |first=Rodrigue Bozi |date=2014 |title=La problematique de la scolarisation fille-garçon et son impact sur la scolarisation des enfants du groupement Kamuronza |trans-title=Dhibaatada waxbarashada jinsiga iyo saameynta ay ku leedahay waxbarashada carruurta ee kooxaynta Kamuronza |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/03/17/9688/m_La-problematique-de-la-scolarisation-fille-garon-et-son-impact-sur-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-du6.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural des Grands-Lacs (ISDR-GL) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==

=== Dhulka iyo cimilada ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = FIB site in Sake about 10 km from Goma.jpg
| caption1          = Muuqaal ka mid ah [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]] iyo muuqaalka dhulka ku hareeraysan
| caption_align     = center
| align             = left
}}
Kamuronza waxay ku taal gudaha [[Mitumba Mountains|silsiladda buuraleyda Mitumba]] waxaana lagu gartaa dhul inta badan buuraley ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Dhererka kor u kaca ayaa u dhexeeya qiyaastii 1,460 mitir oo ku teedsan xeebaha [[Harada Kivu]] ilaa ilaa 2,750 mitir oo ku yaalla buuraleyda waqooyi-galbeed. Kooxayntu waxay leedahay [[Temperate climate|cimilo dhexdhexaad ah]] iyo [[Humid subtropical climate|qoyan]], iyadoo celceliska heerkulku guud ahaan u dhexeeyo 15 °C iyo 25 °C.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Roobabku waxay u qaybsamaan laba xilli oo waaweyn oo [[Wet season|roobaad ah]] kuwaas oo soconaya wadar ahaan 7 ilaa 8 bilood sanadkiiba, iyadoo xilli roobaadka dheer uu jiro Sebtembar ilaa Diseembar iyo mid gaaban oo ka bilaabma Febraayo ilaa Abriil. Kuwan waxaa kala sooca laba muddo oo abaar ah, oo ay ku jirto [[dry season|xilli abaar]] dheer oo ka bilaabma Juun ilaa dabayaaqada Agoosto iyo mid gaaban oo ku beegan dabayaaqada Diseembar ilaa Janaayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = Lake Kivu 2021.jpg
| caption1          = Muuqaal ka mid ah xeebta [[Harada Kivu]] sida laga arkay Sake
| align             = right
| caption_align     = center
}}

Carradu inta badan waa [[Sand|ciid]] iyo [[clay|dhoobo]] isku dhafan oo ka soo jeeda folkaanaha iyo buuraha. Nooc labaad oo carro ah oo weyn ayaa ka kooban [[volcanic ash|dambas folkaano]] oo dabayluhu qaadeen kaas oo ka soo fida dhulalka hoose ee u dhow Harada Kivu (1,460 mitir) ilaa dherer dhan ilaa 2,600 mitir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Kaydadkan [[Aeolian processes|aeolian]]-ka ah waxay dabooshaa aag ballaaran, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Buzi iyo gobollada ku hareeraysan [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]] iyo Kirotshe. Dhirta waxaa u badan muuqaal [[savanna|bannaan]], oo ka kooban [[Grass|caws]] ay ku dhex yaalliin geedo kala firdhisan. Qaybo ka mid ah bariga Kamuronza waxay ku dhex jiraan xuduudaha [[Virunga National Park]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Dhanka biyaha, marka laga reebo xuduudaheeda koonfureed ee Harada Kivu, kooxaynta waxaa dhex mara webiyo iyo durdura badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin webiyada Kyabiringa iyo Kyamuhuwe ee Matcha, webiga Katahanwa ee Malehe, iyo webiyada Buroha, Kahow, iyo Kinyabatsi ee Katembe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Waddada kale ee biyaha waxaa ka mid ah webiyada Mwambi, Butengetenge, Kalonge, iyo Kibati, halka webiga Mutahyo uu qayb ka yahay xuduudda galbeedka. Kamuronza waxay kaloo leedahay ilo badan oo [[Spring (hydrology)|dabiici ah]], in kasta oo badankoodu ay weli yihiin kuwo aan horumarin oo inta badan lala xiriiriyo [[Waterborne disease|cudurrada biyaha ka dhasha]] sababtuna tahay kaabayaal xaddidan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Maamulka iyo maaraynta ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = Kamuronza PDJ 8.jpg
| caption1          = Saraakiil iyo dad deegaan ah oo isugu yimid xafiiska Kamuronza intii lagu guda jiray aqoon-isweydaarsi wacyigelin [[Civil defense|difaaca madaniga ah]] oo lala kaashaday [[MONUSCO]].
| caption_align     = center
}}
Maamulku wuxuu ku salaysan yahay qaab-dhismeedka dhaqanka ee Maamulka Bahunde, iyadoo awoodda ay gacanta ugu jirto ''chef de groupement'' (madaxa kooxaynta), kaas oo u dhaqma sidii hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya deegaanka iyo wakiilka [[Mwami]] (madaxa ugu sarreeya). Doorkani waa mid hidde u ah qoyska xukunka haya ee ''Mwami'' wuxuuna ku lug leeyahay waajibaadka maamulka iyo fulinta sharciga dhaqanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 Luulyo 1998 |title=Décret-Loi 081 du 02 juillet 1998 portant organisation territoriale et administrative de la République démocratique du Congo |trans-title=Xeer-Law 081 ee 2 Luulyo 1998 oo ku saabsan ururka dhuleed iyo maamul ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo |url=https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/DL.081.02.07.1998.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 Maajo 2010 |title=Loi organique n°10/011 du 18 mai 2010 portant fixation des subdivisions territoriales à l'intérieur des provinces |trans-title=Sharci Organic No. 10/011 ee 18 Maajo 2010 oo aasaasaya qaybaha dhuleed ee gudaha gobollada |url=https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/L.10.011.18.05.2010.htm |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 Agoosto 2015 |title=Loi n° 15/015 du 25 aout 2015 fixant le statut des chefs coutumiers |trans-title=Sharci No. 15/015 ee 25 Agoosto 2015 oo aasaasaya heerka madaxda dhaqanka |url=https://leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/Loi.15.015.25.08.2015.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Chef de groupement'' waxaa caawiya gole odayaal ah, kuwaas oo doorkooda lataliyaha uu diiradda saarayo ilaalinta iyo tarjumaadda xeerarka dhaqanka. Heerka ''groupement'', caddaaladda waxaa lagu maamulaa isku-dhafka nidaamka dhaqanka iyo kuwa la igmaday, iyadoo khilaafaadka yaryar ay maareeyaan [[Adjudicator|caddaalad-faliyayaal]] maxalli ah, halka arrimaha halista ah loo gudbiyo mas'uuliyiinta dhaqanka ee ka sarreeya [[Mwami]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; 

Kamuronza waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyaa dhowr ''localités'' (tuulooyin), kuwaas oo mid walba uu hoggaamiyo ''chef de localité'' (madaxa tuulada) kaas oo u dhaqma sidii dhexdhexaadiye u dhexeeya dadka iyo ''chef de groupement''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!''Localités'' (tuulooyin)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Matcha
|-
|Kimoka
|-
|Kingi
|-
|Malehe
|-
|Katembe
|-
|Murambi
|-
|Nzulo
|}

== Taariikh ==
{{Main|Masisi Territory#History}}

== Dadka ==

=== Tirada dadka ===
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta xafiiska diiwaangelinta madaniga ah ee Kamuronza, kooxayntu waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 43,616 qof sanadkii 2010. Dadku si siman uma qaybsana tuulooyinka, iyadoo Matcha ay tahay tan dadka ugu badan ku nool yihiin, taas oo ka dhigaysa 35.4% wadarta guud ee dadka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waxaa ku xiga Kimoka (19.7%), Kingi (11.6%), Malehe (10.4%), Katembe (10.3%), Murambi (9.6%), iyo Nzulo (3%). [[Girl|Gabdhaha]] waxay ka dhigan yihiin 33.6% wadarta guud ee dadka, [[Boy|wiilasha]] 31.8%, iyo [[Man|ragga]] qaangaarka ah 16.1%, iyadoo [[Woman|haweenka]] qaangaarka ah ay ka kooban yihiin qaybta hartay. Haweenku waxay ka dhigan yihiin qiyaastii 52.1% dadka, marka la barbar dhigo 47.9% ragga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Tuulooyinka
!Rag
!Haween
!Wiilal
!Gabdho
!Wadarta
!%
|-
|Matcha
|2,690
|3,165
|4,535
|5,065
|15,455
|35.4
|-
|Kimoka
|1,287
|1,515
|2,898
|2,880
|8,580
|12.7
|-
|Kingi
|749
|809
|1,750
|1,734
|5,042
|11.6
|-
|Malehe
|769
|804
|1,428
|1,540
|4,541
|10.4
|-
|Katembe
|693
|738
|1,365
|1,603
|4,499
|10.3
|-
|Murambi
|656
|723
|1,439
|1,360
|4,178
|9.6
|-
|Nzulo
|184
|244
|437
|456
|1,321
|3.0
|-
|'''Wadarta'''
|7,028
|8,098
|13,852
|14,638
|43,616
|100
|}

=== Halabuurka qowmiyadeed ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = Woman-Sake-01 (6815845714).jpg
| caption1          = Haweenka ku sugan Sake
| caption_align     = center
}}

Kamuronza waa mid qowmiyad ahaan kala duwan, iyadoo [[Twa|Batwa]], oo loo arko inay yihiin dadkii ugu horreeyay ee dega [[Central Africa]], laga helo Nyabirehe (Matcha), Luhonga (Kimoka), iyo Malehe. Dhaqan ahaan ku tiirsan ugaarsiga, ururinta, iyo [[pottery|dhoobada]], Batwa badan ayaa si sii kordheysa u wareegaya [[agriculture|beeraha]] sababtuna tahay [[Population pressure|cadaadiska dadka]] iyo hoos u dhaca tartiib-tartiibka ah ee aagagga kaymaha. [[Hunde people|Hunde]], kuwaas oo leh awood dhaqameed gudaha Maamulka Bahunde, waxay sameeyaan inta badan dadka waxayna ku sugan yihiin dhammaan todobada tuulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sambili |first=Rodrigue Bozi |date=2014 |title=Aspect démographique |trans-title=Dhinaca dadka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/03/17/9688/m_La-problematique-de-la-scolarisation-fille-garon-et-son-impact-sur-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-du7.html#toc25 |access-date=5 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural des Grands Lacs (ISDR-GL) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hawlahooda ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah [[farming|beeraha]], [[fishing|kalluumaysiga]], iyo ganacsiga, iyadoo ay joogaan xeebaha [[Harada Kivu]]. [[Hutu]] ayaa si la mid ah ugu baahsan kooxaynta waxayna inta badan ku lug leeyihiin beeraha, oo ay ku kabayaan hawlo ganacsi oo yar yar. [[Tutsi]], oo sameeya qayb yar oo ka mid ah dadka, waa dhaqan ahaan xoolo-dhaqato waxaana inta badan lagu ururiyaa Malehe, Katembe, iyo Kingi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Marka laga soo tago kooxahan waaweyn, dhowr kooxood oo kale, oo ay ku jiraan [[Bushi (region)|Bashi]], [[Nande people|Nande]], [[Tembo language|Tembo]], [[Nyanga people|Nyanga]], iyo kuwo kale, ayaa sidoo kale jooga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Daryeelka caafimaadka iyo waxbarashada ===
Adeegyada daryeelka caafimaadka waxaa inta badan bixiya saddex xarun caafimaad (''centres de santé'', CS), kuwaas oo dhamaantood ku shaqeeya kormeerka Aagga Caafimaadka Miyiga ee Kirotshe (''Zone de Santé Rurale de Kirotche''), oo ay ku jiraan Xarunta Caafimaadka Neenero (CS Neenero), oo la aasaasay 1999 ee Murambi; Xarunta Caafimaadka Kingi (CS Kingi), oo la aasaasay 1958 ee Kingi; iyo Xarunta Caafimaadka Sake Afia (CS Sake Afia), oo ku taal Matcha isla markaana la aasaasay 1984.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=La Santé |trans-title=Caafimaadka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC15.html#toc55 |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Janaayo 2023 |title=Rapport intermédiaire – Unir axe Sake–Kabati, groupement Kamuronza (zone de santé de Kirotshe, aires de santé de Kimoka et Buroha/Kingi) |trans-title=Warbixin dhexe – Midaynta dhidibka Sake–Kabati, kooxaynta Kamuronza |url=https://ehtools.org/uploads/brochures/Unirr-CRNK-Rapport-Intermediaire-Evaluation-Sake-Kabati-ZS-Kirotshe-7-Janvier-2023-EH-4595-63c14cdf65ad9.pdf |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Ehtools.org |publisher=Croix-Rouge de la RDC (Nord-Kivu) |pages=1–4 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Taariikh ahaan, Kamuronza ma lahayn machadyo [[Secondary education|waxbarashada sare]]. Waqti ka dib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybta waxbarashadu aad ayay u ballaaratay, iyadoo kooxayntu hadda ay ka kooban tahay shabakad iskuullo dugsiyada hoose, sare, iyo machadyo waxbarasho oo lagu qaybiyey tuulooyinkeeda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sambili |first=Rodrigue Bozi |date=2014 |title=Espect socio-culturel |trans-title=Dhinaca bulshada-dhaqanka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/03/17/9688/m_La-problematique-de-la-scolarisation-fille-garon-et-son-impact-sur-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-du8.html#toc26 |access-date=5 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural des Grands Lacs (ISDR-GL) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Primary school|Dugsiyada hoose]] (''école primaire''; EP):&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Tuulooyinka
!Dugsiyada
!Shabakadda
!Nooca dhismaha
|-
|Kingi
|EP Gasura
|[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Mupfunanwa
|[[Protestantism|Protestant]] (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Kalonge
|Protestant (CEBCA)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Kisingati
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Hanika
|[[Adventism|Adventist]]
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Kakomero
|[[State school|Dadweyne]]
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Katembe
|EP Kalambairo
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Buroha
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Kimoka
|EP Kadogo
|[[Islam|Islamic]]
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Pili Pili
|Islamic
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Kimoka
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Joogto ah
|-
|Matcha
|EP Kamuronza
|Kamuronza
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Kibyancha
|Dadweyne
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Kasinga
|Protestant (EDAC)
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Fazili
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Matcha
|Islamic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Mubambiro
|Protestant (CEBCA)
|Joogto ah
|-
|Malehe
|EP Malehe
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Murambi
|EP Lueyo
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Neenero
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Nzulo
|EP Maindule
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|}
[[Secondary school|Dugsiyada sare]] (''écoles secondaires''):&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Tuulooyinka
!Dugsiyada
!Shabakadda
!Nooca dhismaha
|-
|Kingi
|Institut Mupfumu
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|Institut Mataba
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Katembe
|—
|—
|—
|-
|Kimoka
|Institut Kamuronza
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Matcha
|Institut Mululu
|Dadweyne
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|Institut Matcha
|Islamic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|Institut Mubambiro
|Protestant (CEBCA)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|Institut Kiluku
|Protestant (EDAC)
|Joogto ah
|-
|Malehe
|Institut Malehe
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Murambi
|—
|—
|—
|-
|Nzulo
|Institut Maindule
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|}

== Dhaqaalaha ==

=== Beeraha ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 180
| image1            = Sake tree planting PHOTO DU JOUR DU DIMANCHE 1 MAI 2022.jpg
| caption1          = [[tree planting|Geed beerid]] ay hoggaamiso MONUSCO ee Sake
| caption_align     = center
| align             = right
}}
[[Agriculture|Beeruhu]] waxay ku salaysan yihiin [[Subsistence agriculture|is-ku-fillanaan]] iyo [[Agricultural marketing|ganacsi]], waxayna u yihiin il dakhli oo muhiim ah dadka. Qaybinta shaqada ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo habeeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo jinsiga, iyadoo raggu ay caadi ahaan qabtaan hawlo adag sida [[Felling|geed jarista]] iyo nadiifinta dhulka, halka [[Plough|qodista]] ay si wadajir ah u fuliyaan ragga iyo haweenka. Hawlaha loo arko inaysan u baahnayn dadaal jireed oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan [[Weed control|daaq-bixinta]] iyo [[Harvest|goosashada]], ayaa guud ahaan ay qabtaan haweenka. Dalagyada ugu waaweyn ee la beero waxaa ka mid ah [[Sweet potato|baradhada macaan]], [[Bean|digirta]], [[cassava|qudaarta]], [[Banana|muuska]], iyo [[Vegetable|khudaar]] kale oo kala duwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=II.3 Aspect économique |trans-title=II.3 Dhinaca dhaqaalaha |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC13.html#toc49 |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

[[Agricultural production|Wax-soo-saarka beeraha]] inta badan waa mid aan joogto ahayn, inta badan sabab u ah [[Climate variability and change|isbeddelka cimilada]] iyo [[Kivu conflict|insecurity|ammaan darrada joogtada ah]] ee gobolka tan iyo 1994-tii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Beerashadu way ka horumarsan tahay tuulooyinka Matcha iyo Nzulo, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah [[lava flows|socodka lafaha]] ee [[Mount Nyiragongo]] iyo ka mid ahaanshaha qaybo ka mid ah aagaggan xuduudaha [[Virunga National Park]], natiijaduna waa in dadka Matcha ay aad ugu lug leeyihiin ganacsiga, halka kan Nzulo uu aad ugu tiirsan yahay [[fishing|kalluumaysiga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Xoolo-dhaqashada ===
[[Livestock|Xoolo-dhaqashadu]] waxay kaloo udub-dhexaad u tahay dhaqaalaha deegaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay la kulantay hoos u dhac intii lagu jiray [[Masisi Territory#Regional destabilization and escalation after the Rwandan genocide (1994–1996)|khilaafaadkii qowmiyadaha ee 1994]] iyo dagaalladii xigay ee [[First Congo War|Kongo]] iyo [[Second Congo War|dagaalladii labaad ee Kongo]], markaas oo tiro badan oo xoolo ah la bililiqaystay. Iyada oo ay jirto horumar tartiib-tartiib ah oo ku yimid xaaladda ammaanka, wax-soo-saarka xoolaha ayaa si tartiib ah u soo kabanayay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; 

Dhaqashada lo'da waxaa lagu dhaqmaa meelaha [[grazing|daaqsimeedka]], gaar ahaan Katembe, Murambi, Kingi, iyo Malehe. Dhaqashada xoolaha yaryar ayaa sidoo kale ku baahsan waxayna ku jirtaa [[Pig farming|dhaqashada doofaarka]], gaar ahaan aagagga sida Neenero ee Murambi iyo Malehe, iyo sidoo kale [[goat farming|dhaqashada riyaha]], kaas oo laga dhaqmo ku dhowaad dhammaan tuulooyinka. [[Sheep|Idaha]] dhif ayay yihiin in la dhaqdo, marka laga reebo xaalado gooni gooni ah, iyo [[Animal slaughter|qalliinkooda]] inta badan waxaa loo fuliyaa si aan rasmi ahayn Maamulka Bahunde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; [[Poultry farming|Dhaqashada digaagga]] waxay ahaanaysaa mid dhaqan ahaan ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyin casri ah oo yar, waxayna ku jirtaa [[Chicken|digaagga]], [[Duck|bakaaylo]], [[Turkey (bird)|turkiga]], [[guinea fowl|digilka]], iyo [[Rabbit|baqalaha]]. Tan iyo 2009-kii, ururka Veterinarians Without Borders (''Vétérinaires Sans Frontières'', VSF) ayaa taageeray dadaallada dhaqashada riyaha ee kooxaynta. Barnaamijku wuxuu riyaha u qaybiyaa qoysaska nugul wuxuuna bixiyaa taageero xoolaad, iyadoo kuwa ka faa'iidaystayaasha inta badan helaan todobo riyo iyo hal ri' lab ah, gaar ahaan Kingi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Kalluumaysiga iyo kaabayaasha ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = SakeVOA.jpg
| caption1          = Guryaha isku xiran iyo kaabayaasha miyiga ee Sake
| caption_align     = center
}}
[[Fishing|Kalluumaysiga]] waxaa laga dhaqmaa xeebaha [[Harada Kivu]], gaar ahaan dadka deggan Nzulo. Noocyada ugu waaweyn ee la qabto waxaa ka mid ah ''[[haplochromis]]'' (oo deegaanka looga yaqaan &quot;ndugu&quot;), ''[[Nile tilapia|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', iyo ''[[Lake Tanganyika sardine|Limnothrissa miodon]]'' (&quot;sambaza&quot;). Qayb ka mid ah kalluunka la qabtay ayaa lagu isticmaalaa gudaha, halka inta soo hartay lagu iibiyo suuqyada deegaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Deegaannada kooxaynta ayaa guud ahaan ah kuwo isku urursan, iyadoo guryaha inta badan laga dhisay qoryo iyo alaabta saqafka oo ah cooshad. Guryaha qaar ayaa loo dhisay sidii qaab-dhismeed waara ama semi-waara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Adeegyada nadaafadda ayaa weli ah kuwo xaddidan, maadaama [[Waste container|qashin-qubka]] aan caadi ahaan looga isticmaalin meelaha qaar, iyo markay joogaan, inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in looga fogaado ganaaxyada mas'uuliyiinta nadaafadda. Isla dhibaatada ayaa khuseysa isticmaalka [[Pit latrine|suuliyada qodista]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Dhaqanka ==
Saamaynta [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]] iyo [[Islam|Islaamka]] ayaa keentay hoos u dhaca caqiidada dhaqanka ee Kamuronza. In kasta oo dadku hadda ay wadaagaan aaminsanaanta hal [[God|Eebbe]], iyadoo dad badan ay ka tirsan yihiin bulshooyin diimeed kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Protestantism|Protestant]], Muslim, iyo [[Adventism|Adventist]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Hawlaha madadaalada iyo dhaqanka waxaa ka mid ah ciyaaraha guud ahaan kooxaynta iyo bandhigyada masraxa ee ay soo qabanqaabiyaan dugsiyada iyo kaniisadaha. Ciyaaraha ayaa sidoo kale laga dhaqmaa kooxo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kooxaha [[Association football|kubadda cagta]] sida Radi, Isan, iyo Buuma, marka lagu daro [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]] iyo [[karate|karateyga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
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      <text bytes="24875" sha1="f20uzmwd9l8d44qncvcfm1o7yjm5fxr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kamuronza
| official_name = ''Groupement de Kamuronza''
| settlement_type = [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Kooxaynta]]
| image_skyline = Cité de Sake.jpg
| imagesize = 280
| image_caption = [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]], Kamuronza
| pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo
| subdivision_type = Waddan
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Gobolka]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[North Kivu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Degmada]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Masisi Territory|Masisi]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Maamulka]]
| subdivision_name3 = Bahunde
| seat_type = Xarunta maamulka
| seat = [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]]
| area_total_km2 = 162
| population_total = 43616
| population_as_of = 2010 qiyaas
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda rasmiga ah]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[French language|Faransiis]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Luqadda qaran]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Congo Swahili|Kiswahili]]
}}

'''Kamuronza''' waa mid ka mid ah lixda kooxayn ee Maamulka Bahunde, oo ku yaalla [[Degmada Masisi]], [[North Kivu]], bariga [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]]. Xarunteeda maamul waa magaalada [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]]. Sida ku xusan xogta 2010-kii, kooxayntu waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 43,616 qof waxayna ku fadhidaa bed dhan qiyaastii 162 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=Aspect politico-administratif et démographique |trans-title=Dhinacyada siyaasadda, maamulka, iyo dadka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC12.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 Nofeembar 2022 |title=Rapport d'une visite &quot;Go and See&quot; à Sake, groupement Kamuronza, territoire de Masisi, le 22 novembre 2022 |url=https://fscluster.org/sites/default/files/documents/rapport_mission_de_go_and_see_a_sake_du_22_novembre_2022_intersos_ocha_vf.pdf |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Fscluster.org |publisher=[[Intersos]] iyo [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |pages=1–4 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo ku taal bariga Degmada Masisi, Kamuronza waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi [[Maamulka Bashali]], dhanka koonfureed [[Harada Kivu]], taas oo kala saarta [[Degmada Kalehe]] ee gobolka dariska la ah ee [[South Kivu]], dhanka bari magaalada [[Goma]], dhanka galbeed kooxaynta Mupfuni-Karuba, iyo dhanka koonfur-galbeed kooxaynta Mupfuni-Shanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=Deuxième chapitre: présentation du milieu d'étude |trans-title=Cutubka Labaad: Soo bandhigida goobta la darsayo |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC11.html#toc42 |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamuronza waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyaa todobo [[Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|tuulo]]: Matcha, Malehe, Kimoka, Kingi, Katembe, Murambi, iyo Nzulo, iyadoo dadku ay qowmiyad ahaan u badanyihiin [[Hunde people|Hunde]], [[Hutu]], iyo [[Tutsi]], iyadoo ay jiraan kooxo yaryar sida [[Twa|Batwa]], [[Bushi (region)|Bashi]], [[Nande people|Nande]], [[Havu language|Havu]], [[Tembo language|Tembo]], [[Nyanga people|Nyanga]], iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sambili |first=Rodrigue Bozi |date=2014 |title=La problematique de la scolarisation fille-garçon et son impact sur la scolarisation des enfants du groupement Kamuronza |trans-title=Dhibaatada waxbarashada jinsiga iyo saameynta ay ku leedahay waxbarashada carruurta ee kooxaynta Kamuronza |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/03/17/9688/m_La-problematique-de-la-scolarisation-fille-garon-et-son-impact-sur-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-du6.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural des Grands-Lacs (ISDR-GL) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==

=== Dhulka iyo cimilada ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = FIB site in Sake about 10 km from Goma.jpg
| caption1          = Muuqaal ka mid ah [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]] iyo muuqaalka dhulka ku hareeraysan
| caption_align     = center
| align             = left
}}
Kamuronza waxay ku taal gudaha [[Mitumba Mountains|silsiladda buuraleyda Mitumba]] waxaana lagu gartaa dhul inta badan buuraley ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Dhererka kor u kaca ayaa u dhexeeya qiyaastii 1,460 mitir oo ku teedsan xeebaha [[Harada Kivu]] ilaa ilaa 2,750 mitir oo ku yaalla buuraleyda waqooyi-galbeed. Kooxayntu waxay leedahay [[Temperate climate|cimilo dhexdhexaad ah]] iyo [[Humid subtropical climate|qoyan]], iyadoo celceliska heerkulku guud ahaan u dhexeeyo 15 °C iyo 25 °C.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Roobabku waxay u qaybsamaan laba xilli oo waaweyn oo [[Wet season|roobaad ah]] kuwaas oo soconaya wadar ahaan 7 ilaa 8 bilood sanadkiiba, iyadoo xilli roobaadka dheer uu jiro Sebtembar ilaa Diseembar iyo mid gaaban oo ka bilaabma Febraayo ilaa Abriil. Kuwan waxaa kala sooca laba muddo oo abaar ah, oo ay ku jirto [[dry season|xilli abaar]] dheer oo ka bilaabma Juun ilaa dabayaaqada Agoosto iyo mid gaaban oo ku beegan dabayaaqada Diseembar ilaa Janaayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = Lake Kivu 2021.jpg
| caption1          = Muuqaal ka mid ah xeebta [[Harada Kivu]] sida laga arkay Sake
| align             = right
| caption_align     = center
}}

Carradu inta badan waa [[Sand|ciid]] iyo [[clay|dhoobo]] isku dhafan oo ka soo jeeda folkaanaha iyo buuraha. Nooc labaad oo carro ah oo weyn ayaa ka kooban [[volcanic ash|dambas folkaano]] oo dabayluhu qaadeen kaas oo ka soo fida dhulalka hoose ee u dhow Harada Kivu (1,460 mitir) ilaa dherer dhan ilaa 2,600 mitir.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Kaydadkan [[Aeolian processes|aeolian]]-ka ah waxay dabooshaa aag ballaaran, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Buzi iyo gobollada ku hareeraysan [[Sake, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sake]] iyo Kirotshe. Dhirta waxaa u badan muuqaal [[savanna|bannaan]], oo ka kooban [[Grass|caws]] ay ku dhex yaalliin geedo kala firdhisan. Qaybo ka mid ah bariga Kamuronza waxay ku dhex jiraan xuduudaha [[Virunga National Park]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Dhanka biyaha, marka laga reebo xuduudaheeda koonfureed ee Harada Kivu, kooxaynta waxaa dhex mara webiyo iyo durdura badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin webiyada Kyabiringa iyo Kyamuhuwe ee Matcha, webiga Katahanwa ee Malehe, iyo webiyada Buroha, Kahow, iyo Kinyabatsi ee Katembe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Waddada kale ee biyaha waxaa ka mid ah webiyada Mwambi, Butengetenge, Kalonge, iyo Kibati, halka webiga Mutahyo uu qayb ka yahay xuduudda galbeedka. Kamuronza waxay kaloo leedahay ilo badan oo [[Spring (hydrology)|dabiici ah]], in kasta oo badankoodu ay weli yihiin kuwo aan horumarin oo inta badan lala xiriiriyo [[Waterborne disease|cudurrada biyaha ka dhasha]] sababtuna tahay kaabayaal xaddidan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Maamulka iyo maaraynta ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = Kamuronza PDJ 8.jpg
| caption1          = Saraakiil iyo dad deegaan ah oo isugu yimid xafiiska Kamuronza intii lagu guda jiray aqoon-isweydaarsi wacyigelin [[Civil defense|difaaca madaniga ah]] oo lala kaashaday [[MONUSCO]].
| caption_align     = center
}}
Maamulku wuxuu ku salaysan yahay qaab-dhismeedka dhaqanka ee Maamulka Bahunde, iyadoo awoodda ay gacanta ugu jirto ''chef de groupement'' (madaxa kooxaynta), kaas oo u dhaqma sidii hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya deegaanka iyo wakiilka [[Mwami]] (madaxa ugu sarreeya). Doorkani waa mid hidde u ah qoyska xukunka haya ee ''Mwami'' wuxuuna ku lug leeyahay waajibaadka maamulka iyo fulinta sharciga dhaqanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 Luulyo 1998 |title=Décret-Loi 081 du 02 juillet 1998 portant organisation territoriale et administrative de la République démocratique du Congo |trans-title=Xeer-Law 081 ee 2 Luulyo 1998 oo ku saabsan ururka dhuleed iyo maamul ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo |url=https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/DL.081.02.07.1998.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 Maajo 2010 |title=Loi organique n°10/011 du 18 mai 2010 portant fixation des subdivisions territoriales à l'intérieur des provinces |trans-title=Sharci Organic No. 10/011 ee 18 Maajo 2010 oo aasaasaya qaybaha dhuleed ee gudaha gobollada |url=https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/L.10.011.18.05.2010.htm |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 Agoosto 2015 |title=Loi n° 15/015 du 25 aout 2015 fixant le statut des chefs coutumiers |trans-title=Sharci No. 15/015 ee 25 Agoosto 2015 oo aasaasaya heerka madaxda dhaqanka |url=https://leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/Loi.15.015.25.08.2015.html |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=leganet.cd |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Chef de groupement'' waxaa caawiya gole odayaal ah, kuwaas oo doorkooda lataliyaha uu diiradda saarayo ilaalinta iyo tarjumaadda xeerarka dhaqanka. Heerka ''groupement'', caddaaladda waxaa lagu maamulaa isku-dhafka nidaamka dhaqanka iyo kuwa la igmaday, iyadoo khilaafaadka yaryar ay maareeyaan [[Adjudicator|caddaalad-faliyayaal]] maxalli ah, halka arrimaha halista ah loo gudbiyo mas'uuliyiinta dhaqanka ee ka sarreeya [[Mwami]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; 

Kamuronza waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyaa dhowr ''localités'' (tuulooyin), kuwaas oo mid walba uu hoggaamiyo ''chef de localité'' (madaxa tuulada) kaas oo u dhaqma sidii dhexdhexaadiye u dhexeeya dadka iyo ''chef de groupement''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!''Localités'' (tuulooyin)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Matcha
|-
|Kimoka
|-
|Kingi
|-
|Malehe
|-
|Katembe
|-
|Murambi
|-
|Nzulo
|}

== Taariikh ==
{{Main|Masisi Territory#History}}

== Dadka ==

=== Tirada dadka ===
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta xafiiska diiwaangelinta madaniga ah ee Kamuronza, kooxayntu waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 43,616 qof sanadkii 2010. Dadku si siman uma qaybsana tuulooyinka, iyadoo Matcha ay tahay tan dadka ugu badan ku nool yihiin, taas oo ka dhigaysa 35.4% wadarta guud ee dadka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waxaa ku xiga Kimoka (19.7%), Kingi (11.6%), Malehe (10.4%), Katembe (10.3%), Murambi (9.6%), iyo Nzulo (3%). [[Girl|Gabdhaha]] waxay ka dhigan yihiin 33.6% wadarta guud ee dadka, [[Boy|wiilasha]] 31.8%, iyo [[Man|ragga]] qaangaarka ah 16.1%, iyadoo [[Woman|haweenka]] qaangaarka ah ay ka kooban yihiin qaybta hartay. Haweenku waxay ka dhigan yihiin qiyaastii 52.1% dadka, marka la barbar dhigo 47.9% ragga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Tuulooyinka
!Rag
!Haween
!Wiilal
!Gabdho
!Wadarta
!%
|-
|Matcha
|2,690
|3,165
|4,535
|5,065
|15,455
|35.4
|-
|Kimoka
|1,287
|1,515
|2,898
|2,880
|8,580
|12.7
|-
|Kingi
|749
|809
|1,750
|1,734
|5,042
|11.6
|-
|Malehe
|769
|804
|1,428
|1,540
|4,541
|10.4
|-
|Katembe
|693
|738
|1,365
|1,603
|4,499
|10.3
|-
|Murambi
|656
|723
|1,439
|1,360
|4,178
|9.6
|-
|Nzulo
|184
|244
|437
|456
|1,321
|3.0
|-
|'''Wadarta'''
|7,028
|8,098
|13,852
|14,638
|43,616
|100
|}

=== Halabuurka qowmiyadeed ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = Woman-Sake-01 (6815845714).jpg
| caption1          = Haweenka ku sugan Sake
| caption_align     = center
}}

Kamuronza waa mid qowmiyad ahaan kala duwan, iyadoo [[Twa|Batwa]], oo loo arko inay yihiin dadkii ugu horreeyay ee dega [[Central Africa]], laga helo Nyabirehe (Matcha), Luhonga (Kimoka), iyo Malehe. Dhaqan ahaan ku tiirsan ugaarsiga, ururinta, iyo [[pottery|dhoobada]], Batwa badan ayaa si sii kordheysa u wareegaya [[agriculture|beeraha]] sababtuna tahay [[Population pressure|cadaadiska dadka]] iyo hoos u dhaca tartiib-tartiibka ah ee aagagga kaymaha. [[Hunde people|Hunde]], kuwaas oo leh awood dhaqameed gudaha Maamulka Bahunde, waxay sameeyaan inta badan dadka waxayna ku sugan yihiin dhammaan todobada tuulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sambili |first=Rodrigue Bozi |date=2014 |title=Aspect démographique |trans-title=Dhinaca dadka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/03/17/9688/m_La-problematique-de-la-scolarisation-fille-garon-et-son-impact-sur-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-du7.html#toc25 |access-date=5 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural des Grands Lacs (ISDR-GL) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hawlahooda ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah [[farming|beeraha]], [[fishing|kalluumaysiga]], iyo ganacsiga, iyadoo ay joogaan xeebaha [[Harada Kivu]]. [[Hutu]] ayaa si la mid ah ugu baahsan kooxaynta waxayna inta badan ku lug leeyihiin beeraha, oo ay ku kabayaan hawlo ganacsi oo yar yar. [[Tutsi]], oo sameeya qayb yar oo ka mid ah dadka, waa dhaqan ahaan xoolo-dhaqato waxaana inta badan lagu ururiyaa Malehe, Katembe, iyo Kingi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Marka laga soo tago kooxahan waaweyn, dhowr kooxood oo kale, oo ay ku jiraan [[Bushi (region)|Bashi]], [[Nande people|Nande]], [[Tembo language|Tembo]], [[Nyanga people|Nyanga]], iyo kuwo kale, ayaa sidoo kale jooga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Daryeelka caafimaadka iyo waxbarashada ===
Adeegyada daryeelka caafimaadka waxaa inta badan bixiya saddex xarun caafimaad (''centres de santé'', CS), kuwaas oo dhamaantood ku shaqeeya kormeerka Aagga Caafimaadka Miyiga ee Kirotshe (''Zone de Santé Rurale de Kirotche''), oo ay ku jiraan Xarunta Caafimaadka Neenero (CS Neenero), oo la aasaasay 1999 ee Murambi; Xarunta Caafimaadka Kingi (CS Kingi), oo la aasaasay 1958 ee Kingi; iyo Xarunta Caafimaadka Sake Afia (CS Sake Afia), oo ku taal Matcha isla markaana la aasaasay 1984.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=La Santé |trans-title=Caafimaadka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC15.html#toc55 |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Janaayo 2023 |title=Rapport intermédiaire – Unir axe Sake–Kabati, groupement Kamuronza (zone de santé de Kirotshe, aires de santé de Kimoka et Buroha/Kingi) |trans-title=Warbixin dhexe – Midaynta dhidibka Sake–Kabati, kooxaynta Kamuronza |url=https://ehtools.org/uploads/brochures/Unirr-CRNK-Rapport-Intermediaire-Evaluation-Sake-Kabati-ZS-Kirotshe-7-Janvier-2023-EH-4595-63c14cdf65ad9.pdf |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |website=Ehtools.org |publisher=Croix-Rouge de la RDC (Nord-Kivu) |pages=1–4 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Taariikh ahaan, Kamuronza ma lahayn machadyo [[Secondary education|waxbarashada sare]]. Waqti ka dib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybta waxbarashadu aad ayay u ballaaratay, iyadoo kooxayntu hadda ay ka kooban tahay shabakad iskuullo dugsiyada hoose, sare, iyo machadyo waxbarasho oo lagu qaybiyey tuulooyinkeeda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sambili |first=Rodrigue Bozi |date=2014 |title=Espect socio-culturel |trans-title=Dhinaca bulshada-dhaqanka |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/03/17/9688/m_La-problematique-de-la-scolarisation-fille-garon-et-son-impact-sur-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-du8.html#toc26 |access-date=5 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Rural des Grands Lacs (ISDR-GL) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Primary school|Dugsiyada hoose]] (''école primaire''; EP):&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Tuulooyinka
!Dugsiyada
!Shabakadda
!Nooca dhismaha
|-
|Kingi
|EP Gasura
|[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Mupfunanwa
|[[Protestantism|Protestant]] (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Kalonge
|Protestant (CEBCA)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Kisingati
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Hanika
|[[Adventism|Adventist]]
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Kakomero
|[[State school|Dadweyne]]
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Katembe
|EP Kalambairo
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Buroha
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Kimoka
|EP Kadogo
|[[Islam|Islamic]]
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Pili Pili
|Islamic
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Kimoka
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Joogto ah
|-
|Matcha
|EP Kamuronza
|Kamuronza
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Kibyancha
|Dadweyne
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Kasinga
|Protestant (EDAC)
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|EP Fazili
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Matcha
|Islamic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Mubambiro
|Protestant (CEBCA)
|Joogto ah
|-
|Malehe
|EP Malehe
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Murambi
|EP Lueyo
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|EP Neenero
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Nzulo
|EP Maindule
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|}
[[Secondary school|Dugsiyada sare]] (''écoles secondaires''):&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Tuulooyinka
!Dugsiyada
!Shabakadda
!Nooca dhismaha
|-
|Kingi
|Institut Mupfumu
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|Institut Mataba
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Katembe
|—
|—
|—
|-
|Kimoka
|Institut Kamuronza
|Protestant (CEPAC)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Matcha
|Institut Mululu
|Dadweyne
|Joogto ah
|-
|
|Institut Matcha
|Islamic
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|Institut Mubambiro
|Protestant (CEBCA)
|Semi-permanent
|-
|
|Institut Kiluku
|Protestant (EDAC)
|Joogto ah
|-
|Malehe
|Institut Malehe
|Adventist
|Semi-permanent
|-
|Murambi
|—
|—
|—
|-
|Nzulo
|Institut Maindule
|Catholic
|Semi-permanent
|}

== Dhaqaalaha ==

=== Beeraha ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 180
| image1            = Sake tree planting PHOTO DU JOUR DU DIMANCHE 1 MAI 2022.jpg
| caption1          = [[tree planting|Geed beerid]] ay hoggaamiso MONUSCO ee Sake
| caption_align     = center
| align             = right
}}
[[Agriculture|Beeruhu]] waxay ku salaysan yihiin [[Subsistence agriculture|is-ku-fillanaan]] iyo [[Agricultural marketing|ganacsi]], waxayna u yihiin il dakhli oo muhiim ah dadka. Qaybinta shaqada ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo habeeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo jinsiga, iyadoo raggu ay caadi ahaan qabtaan hawlo adag sida [[Felling|geed jarista]] iyo nadiifinta dhulka, halka [[Plough|qodista]] ay si wadajir ah u fuliyaan ragga iyo haweenka. Hawlaha loo arko inaysan u baahnayn dadaal jireed oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan [[Weed control|daaq-bixinta]] iyo [[Harvest|goosashada]], ayaa guud ahaan ay qabtaan haweenka. Dalagyada ugu waaweyn ee la beero waxaa ka mid ah [[Sweet potato|baradhada macaan]], [[Bean|digirta]], [[cassava|qudaarta]], [[Banana|muuska]], iyo [[Vegetable|khudaar]] kale oo kala duwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kapfitsi |first=Bilain Bauma |date=2010 |title=II.3 Aspect économique |trans-title=II.3 Dhinaca dhaqaalaha |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/12/6242/m_Part-de-soins-de-sante-dans-le-revenu-des-menages-Cas-des-menages-du-groupement-Kamuronza-en-RDC13.html#toc49 |access-date=1 Abriil 2026 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |language=fr |publication-place=Goma, North Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

[[Agricultural production|Wax-soo-saarka beeraha]] inta badan waa mid aan joogto ahayn, inta badan sabab u ah [[Climate variability and change|isbeddelka cimilada]] iyo [[Kivu conflict|insecurity|ammaan darrada joogtada ah]] ee gobolka tan iyo 1994-tii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Beerashadu way ka horumarsan tahay tuulooyinka Matcha iyo Nzulo, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah [[lava flows|socodka lafaha]] ee [[Mount Nyiragongo]] iyo ka mid ahaanshaha qaybo ka mid ah aagaggan xuduudaha [[Virunga National Park]], natiijaduna waa in dadka Matcha ay aad ugu lug leeyihiin ganacsiga, halka kan Nzulo uu aad ugu tiirsan yahay [[fishing|kalluumaysiga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Xoolo-dhaqashada ===
[[Livestock|Xoolo-dhaqashadu]] waxay kaloo udub-dhexaad u tahay dhaqaalaha deegaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay la kulantay hoos u dhac intii lagu jiray [[Masisi Territory#Regional destabilization and escalation after the Rwandan genocide (1994–1996)|khilaafaadkii qowmiyadaha ee 1994]] iyo dagaalladii xigay ee [[First Congo War|Kongo]] iyo [[Second Congo War|dagaalladii labaad ee Kongo]], markaas oo tiro badan oo xoolo ah la bililiqaystay. Iyada oo ay jirto horumar tartiib-tartiib ah oo ku yimid xaaladda ammaanka, wax-soo-saarka xoolaha ayaa si tartiib ah u soo kabanayay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; 

Dhaqashada lo'da waxaa lagu dhaqmaa meelaha [[grazing|daaqsimeedka]], gaar ahaan Katembe, Murambi, Kingi, iyo Malehe. Dhaqashada xoolaha yaryar ayaa sidoo kale ku baahsan waxayna ku jirtaa [[Pig farming|dhaqashada doofaarka]], gaar ahaan aagagga sida Neenero ee Murambi iyo Malehe, iyo sidoo kale [[goat farming|dhaqashada riyaha]], kaas oo laga dhaqmo ku dhowaad dhammaan tuulooyinka. [[Sheep|Idaha]] dhif ayay yihiin in la dhaqdo, marka laga reebo xaalado gooni gooni ah, iyo [[Animal slaughter|qalliinkooda]] inta badan waxaa loo fuliyaa si aan rasmi ahayn Maamulka Bahunde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; [[Poultry farming|Dhaqashada digaagga]] waxay ahaanaysaa mid dhaqan ahaan ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyin casri ah oo yar, waxayna ku jirtaa [[Chicken|digaagga]], [[Duck|bakaaylo]], [[Turkey (bird)|turkiga]], [[guinea fowl|digilka]], iyo [[Rabbit|baqalaha]]. Tan iyo 2009-kii, ururka Veterinarians Without Borders (''Vétérinaires Sans Frontières'', VSF) ayaa taageeray dadaallada dhaqashada riyaha ee kooxaynta. Barnaamijku wuxuu riyaha u qaybiyaa qoysaska nugul wuxuuna bixiyaa taageero xoolaad, iyadoo kuwa ka faa'iidaystayaasha inta badan helaan todobo riyo iyo hal ri' lab ah, gaar ahaan Kingi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Kalluumaysiga iyo kaabayaasha ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 200
| image1            = SakeVOA.jpg
| caption1          = Guryaha isku xiran iyo kaabayaasha miyiga ee Sake
| caption_align     = center
}}
[[Fishing|Kalluumaysiga]] waxaa laga dhaqmaa xeebaha [[Harada Kivu]], gaar ahaan dadka deggan Nzulo. Noocyada ugu waaweyn ee la qabto waxaa ka mid ah ''[[haplochromis]]'' (oo deegaanka looga yaqaan &quot;ndugu&quot;), ''[[Nile tilapia|Oreochromis niloticus]]'', iyo ''[[Lake Tanganyika sardine|Limnothrissa miodon]]'' (&quot;sambaza&quot;). Qayb ka mid ah kalluunka la qabtay ayaa lagu isticmaalaa gudaha, halka inta soo hartay lagu iibiyo suuqyada deegaanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Deegaannada kooxaynta ayaa guud ahaan ah kuwo isku urursan, iyadoo guryaha inta badan laga dhisay qoryo iyo alaabta saqafka oo ah cooshad. Guryaha qaar ayaa loo dhisay sidii qaab-dhismeed waara ama semi-waara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Adeegyada nadaafadda ayaa weli ah kuwo xaddidan, maadaama [[Waste container|qashin-qubka]] aan caadi ahaan looga isticmaalin meelaha qaar, iyo markay joogaan, inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in looga fogaado ganaaxyada mas'uuliyiinta nadaafadda. Isla dhibaatada ayaa khuseysa isticmaalka [[Pit latrine|suuliyada qodista]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Dhaqanka ==
Saamaynta [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]] iyo [[Islam|Islaamka]] ayaa keentay hoos u dhaca caqiidada dhaqanka ee Kamuronza. In kasta oo dadku hadda ay wadaagaan aaminsanaanta hal [[God|Eebbe]], iyadoo dad badan ay ka tirsan yihiin bulshooyin diimeed kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Protestantism|Protestant]], Muslim, iyo [[Adventism|Adventist]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Hawlaha madadaalada iyo dhaqanka waxaa ka mid ah ciyaaraha guud ahaan kooxaynta iyo bandhigyada masraxa ee ay soo qabanqaabiyaan dugsiyada iyo kaniisadaha. Ciyaaraha ayaa sidoo kale laga dhaqmaa kooxo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kooxaha [[Association football|kubadda cagta]] sida Radi, Isan, iyo Buuma, marka lagu daro [[volleyball|kubadda laliska]] iyo [[karate|karateyga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gisenyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47788</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-25T08:43:27Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="10896" sha1="kawthuplz6tdv81r2xypopm3fypdme4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Gisenyi
|other_name             =Rubavu
|native_name            = 
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = [[List of cities in Rwanda|Magaalo]]
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          = GisenyiBeach.jpg
|imagesize              = 300px
|image_caption          = Xeebta Harada Kivu ee Gisenyi
|image_flag             = 
|flag_size              =
|image_shield           = 
|shield_size            =
|image_map              = 
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = 
|image_map1             = 
|mapsize1               = 
|map_caption1           = 
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Rwanda
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize           =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Goobta ay ku taal Rwanda
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Waddan
|subdivision_name       = [[Image:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]]
|subdivision_type1      = Gobolka Maamulka
|subdivision_name1      = [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]]
|subdivision_type2      = Degmo
|subdivision_name2      = [[Rubavu]]
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =Duqa Magaalada
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = 11
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2022 tiraakoob
|population_footnotes           = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/cities/ Citypopulation.de] Tirada dadka magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Rwanda&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 252090
|population_density_km2         = auto
|population_blank1_title        =Qowmiyadaha
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =Diimaha
|population_blank2              =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               = 
|utc_offset             = 
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|1|42|S|29|15|E|region:RW|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            = 1481
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]]
|blank_info             = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}

'''Gisenyi''', oo taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanay '''Kisenyi''', waa magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn [[Rwanda]], waxayna ku taal degmada [[Rubavu]] ee [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]] ee dalka [[Rwanda]]. 

==Dulmar==
[[Image:Lake Kivu shoreline at Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Xeebta Gisenyi.]]
[[File:Taxipark in Rubavu.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Goobta tagsiyada ee Gisenyi]]
Magaaladu waxay leedahay goob loo dalxiis tago oo ku taal xeebaha [[Harada Kivu]], iyada oo leh dhowr [[hotel|huteelo]] iyo saddex xeebood oo ciid ah. Aagga waxaa sidoo kale lagu yaqaanaa [[water sport|ciyaaraha biyaha]]. Xeebta waqooyi ee harada ee ay Goma iyo Gisenyi ku yaalliin waa dhul fidsan oo leh samayska lafaha oo ka yimid qaraxyada [[Mount Nyiragongo]] ee u dhow.

Si ka duwan Goma, Gisenyi waxay ka badbaadday socodka lafaha ee qaraxyadii 1977 iyo 2002, kuwaas oo burburiyay inta u dhaxaysa 15 ilaa 40% magaaladii hore. Xarunta Gisenyi waxay ku taal buuraleyda ku taal geeska waqooyi-bari ee harada, waxaana ka socda ballaarin cufnaan hoose leh oo ku taal buuraha, kuwaas oo la filayo inay ka badbaadaan qaraxyada mustaqbalka.
 
Gisenyi waxay sidoo kale hoy u tahay [[Bralirwa]], oo soo saarta biirro kala duwan oo maxalli ah — [[Bralima Brewery#Primus beer|Primus]], [[Mützig]], [[Amstel Brewery|Amstel]] iyo [[Guinness]] — iyo sidoo kale noocyo ka mid ah cabitaannada jilicsan ee [[Coca-Cola]]. Gisenyi waa magaalo yar marka loo eego deriskeeda Goma ee DRC, in kasta oo Gisenyi ay si degdeg ah u korayso. Sanadkii 2011, xarun ganacsi oo cusub oo dabaqyo badan ah ayaa la bilaabay in laga dhiso goob basaska lagu sugo oo duug ah. Laga soo bilaabo 2011, waddooyinka ugu waaweyn ee magaalada waa laami, lug-mareenaduna waxay ku dhow yihiin inay u dhamaadaan badankooda.

Gisenyi waxay leedahay laba xuduud oo ay la wadaagto Goma, &quot;Petite Barrière&quot; iyo &quot;Grand Barrière&quot;. Magacyadan ayaa xoogaa marin habaabin ah sababtoo ah Petite Barrière waa mid jidh ahaan ka weyn oo leh taraafik aad u sarreeya. Qiyaastii 6,000 oo qof ayaa maalin kasta ka gudbayay Petite Barrière intii lagu jiray 2011. Dhanka Gisenyi, xafiis weyn oo kastam iyo socdaal ah ayaa la dhisay oo leh awood weyn, oo aan weli la gaarin xarumaha Kongo. Sidoo kale, waddada loo maro Petite Barrière waa laami dhanka Rwanda laakiin maaha dhanka Kongo. Grande Barrière waa laami labada dhinacba waxayna heshaa gaadiidka xamuulka culus ee badan. Waa sidoo kale xuduud diblomaasiyadeed.

Intii lagu jiray [[Rwandan genocide|Xasuuqii Rwanda]], [[provisional government|dowladdii ku meel gaarka ahayd]] waxay ku salaysnayd magaalada. Gisenyi waa magaalada uu ku xiran yahay [[Laurent Nkunda]] — oo ay [[United Nations|Qaramada Midoobay]] ku eedaysay inuu hoggaaminayay ciidan si sharci darro ah u qoray [[child soldier|carruur askar ah]] oo [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Kongo]] u dhashay&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25076#.UhK7DhbO1Ek DR Congo: Ergooyinka QM waxay sheegeen in qorista carruurta askarta ah ay kor u kacayso], 14 Diseembar 2007, UN News Centre. Loo galay 19 Maarso 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; — iyadoo la sugayo go'aan ku saabsan codsiga [[extradition|gudbinta]] ee DRC.

{{Coord|1|42|S|29|15|E|region:RW_type:city|display=title}}

==Waxbarashada==
Xarunta Gisenyi ee [[Kigali Independent University]] waxay lahayd 3413 arday sanad dugsiyeedkii 2012-2013. Ardaydu waxay wadeen barnaamijyo ku saabsan kulliyadaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Daraasaadka Ganacsiga, Sayniska Bulshada, iyo Sharciga.&lt;ref&gt;Sekibibi Ezechiel, ''[http://www.ulk-kigali.net/IMG/pdf/ULK_ANNUAL_BOOK_2013.pdf Seventeenth Year Book 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141709/http://www.ulk-kigali.net/IMG/pdf/ULK_ANNUAL_BOOK_2013.pdf |date=2015-04-02 }}'', boggaga 7 iyo 10. Kigali: Abriil 2014. Loo galay 19 Maarso 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Jaamacadda Dalxiiska, Teknolojiyadda iyo Daraasaadka Ganacsiga (UTB) oo hore loogu yeeri jiray RTUC ayaa sidoo kale leh xarun Gisenyi ah. Magaaladu waxay leedahay ku dhowaad 30 dugsi oo dadweyne iyo kuwo gaar loo leeyahay, oo ay ku jiraan dugsiyada xannaanada, hoose, iyo sare.

==Cimilada==
{{Weather box
| width       = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location    = [[Gisenyi Airport]] (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 29.5
| Feb record high C = 31.6
| Mar record high C = 32.1
| Apr record high C = 29.3
| May record high C = 30.6
| Jun record high C = 28.4
| Jul record high C = 28.4
| Aug record high C = 29.6
| Sep record high C = 30.3
| Oct record high C = 29.9
| Nov record high C = 28.5
| Dec record high C = 28.9
| year record high C = 32.1
| Jan high C = 24.7
| Feb high C = 24.9
| Mar high C = 24.7
| Apr high C = 24.6
| May high C = 24.3
| Jun high C = 24.0
| Jul high C = 24.4
| Aug high C = 25.0
| Sep high C = 25.2
| Oct high C = 24.7
| Nov high C = 24.2
| Dec high C = 24.4
| year high C = 24.6
| Jan mean C = 19.9
| Feb mean C = 20.1
| Mar mean C = 20.1
| Apr mean C = 20.1
| May mean C = 19.8
| Jun mean C = 19.4
| Jul mean C = 19.3
| Aug mean C = 19.8
| Sep mean C = 20.1
| Oct mean C = 19.9
| Nov mean C = 19.5
| Dec mean C = 19.6
| year mean C = 19.8
| Jan low C = 15.1
| Feb low C = 15.2
| Mar low C = 15.6
| Apr low C = 15.6
| May low C = 15.4
| Jun low C = 14.7
| Jul low C = 14.1
| Aug low C = 14.6
| Sep low C = 14.9
| Oct low C = 15.0
| Nov low C = 14.7
| Dec low C = 14.9
| year low C = 15.0
| Jan record low C = 12.2
| Feb record low C = 11.9
| Mar record low C = 12.4
| Apr record low C = 12.7
| May record low C = 12.5
| Jun record low C = 11.2
| Jul record low C = 9.9
| Aug record low C = 11.1
| Sep record low C = 11.8
| Oct record low C = 11.8
| Nov record low C = 12.2
| Dec record low C = 12.3
| year record low C = 9.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 93.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 82.3
| Mar precipitation mm = 140.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 129.2
| May precipitation mm = 91.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 67.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 21.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 84.9
| Sep precipitation mm = 115.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 142.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 154.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 109.0
| year precipitation mm = 1232.4
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.7
| Feb precipitation days = 12.2
| Mar precipitation days = 17.8
| Apr precipitation days = 17.4
| May precipitation days = 11.7
| Jun precipitation days = 5.1
| Jul precipitation days = 2.1
| Aug precipitation days = 6.7
| Sep precipitation days = 14.0
| Oct precipitation days = 17.7
| Nov precipitation days = 20.1
| Dec precipitation days = 16.8
| year precipitation days = 154.2
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;WMONormals&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Rwanda/CSV/GISENYI_AERO_64381.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Gisenyi Aero
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = June 16, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Nyamyumba Hot Springs]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Portal|Afrika}}
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Gobolka Galbeed, Rwanda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4923" sha1="muxe1rhr4n6loae8byztkroxmcf5xpx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;| name = Gobolka Galbeed
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = &lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. &quot;fr&quot; for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --&gt;
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of Rwanda|Gobol]]
| image_skyline = Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = Harada Kivu
| image_flag = 
| flag_alt = 
| image_seal = 
| seal_alt = 
| image_shield = 
| shield_alt = 
| nickname = 
| motto = 
| mottoeng = 
| image_map = Rwanda WestProvDists.png
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|2|22|30|S|29|12|35|E|region:RW-04_type:adm1st|display=inline,}}
| coor_pinpoint = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Waddan
| subdivision_name = [[Rwanda]]
| established_title = La aasaasay
| established_date = 2006
| founder = &lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;
| parts_type = Degmooyin
| parts_style = list
| parts = &lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;
| p1 = [[Karongi District|Karongi]]
| p2 = [[Ngororero District|Ngororero]]
| p3 = [[Nyabihu District|Nyabihu]]
| p4 = [[Nyamasheke District|Nyamasheke]]
| p5 = [[Rubavu District|Rubavu]]
| p6 = [[Rusizi District|Rusizi]]
| p7 = [[Rutsiro District|Rutsiro]]
| seat_type = Caasimadda
| seat = [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]]
| government_footnotes = 
| leader_party = 
| leader_title = Guddoomiye
| leader_name = [[Jean Bosco Ntibitura]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22064/news/rwanda/western-province-gets-new-governor&lt;/ref&gt;
| unit_pref = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 5882
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_note = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/admin/3__ouest/ Citypopulation.de] Tirada dadka Gobolka Galbeed&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total = 2896484
| population_urban = 640307
| population_rural = 2256177
| population_as_of = 2022 tiraakoob
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = 
| population_note = 
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2023)
| blank_info_sec2 = 0.565&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |publisher=Institute for Management Research, [[Radboud University]] |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/RWA/?levels=1%2B4&amp;interpolation=0&amp;extrapolation=0&amp;nearest_real=0 |title=Global Data Lab: Sub-national HDI |access-date=23 Nov 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{color|#fc0|dhexdhexaad}} · [[List of provinces of Rwanda by Human Development Index|3-aad oo ka mid ah 5]]
| timezone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| utc_offset = +02:00
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = 
| iso_code = RW-04
| blank_name_sec1 = Degmooyin kale
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Gisenyi]], [[Cyangugu]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/}}
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Gobolka Galbeed''' ({{langx|rw|Intara y'Iburengerazuba}}; {{langx|fr|Province de l'Ouest}}; {{langx|nl|West-provincie}}) waa mid ka mid ah shanta [[Provinces of Rwanda|gobol]] ee dalka [[Rwanda]]. Waxaa la aasaasay horraantii Janaayo 2006 taas oo qayb ka ahayd barnaamijka baahinta dowladda oo dib u habeyn ku sameeyay qaab-dhismeedka dowladda hoose ee dalka.

Gobolka Galbeed wuxuu ka kooban yahay gobolladii hore ee [[Cyangugu Province|Cyangugu]], [[Gisenyi Province|Gisenyi]], [[Kibuye Province|Kibuye]], iyo qayb yar oo ka mid ah [[Ruhengeri Province|Ruhengeri]]. Waxaana loo qaybiyaa degmooyinka [[Karongi District|Karongi]], [[Nyabihu District|Nyabihu]], [[Rubavu District|Rubavu]], [[Rusizi District|Rusizi]], [[Ngororero District|Ngororero]], [[Nyamasheke District|Nyamasheke]], iyo [[Rutsiro District|Rutsiro]]. Caasimadda Gobolka Galbeed waa [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]].

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Diinta Gobolka Galbeed (Tiraakoobka 2012){{cn|date=December 2021}}
|label1 = [[Roman Catholic|Katoolikga]]
|value1 = 35.0
|color1 = DarkOrchid
|label2 = [[Protestant|Protestantka]]
|value2 = 43.9
|color2 = DodgerBlue
|label3 = [[Seventh-day Adventist|Sabtiyad]]
|value3 = 14.8
|color3 = Blue
|label4 = [[Muslim|Muslimka]]
|value4 = 1.5
|color4 = Green
|label5 = [[Jehovah Witness|Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah]]
|value5 = 0.7
|color5 = Purple
|label6 = Diin la'aan
|value6 = 2.5
|color6 = Black
|label7 = Kuwo kale
|value7 = 0.3
|color7 = White
|label8 = Aan la sheegin
|value8 = 1.4
|color8 = Grey
}}

== Qoraallo iyo tixraacyo ==
&lt;!-- This article uses [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]]. Please use this format when adding references to material in the article. External links added directly to this section will be swiftly deleted without notice. --&gt;
{{Reflist|1}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* {{Official website|http://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/|Degelka rasmiga ah ee Gobolka Galbeed}}

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  <page>
    <title>Ilaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47791</id>
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      <id>299215</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T08:54:50Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="6494" sha1="91eg717naa3ivqik7gz3aqt9dlz56mw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox spring
| name = Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba
| other_name = Amashyuza
| image =
| image_caption =
| map = Rwanda
| map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Rwanda
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 13
| label = Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba
| coordinates = {{coord|-1.74004|29.273409|region:RW_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = Nyamyumba Sector, [[Rubavu District]], [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]], [[Rwanda]]
| type = [[Hot spring|Isha biyaha kulul]]
}}

'''Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba''', oo maxalli ahaan loogu yaqaan magaca Kinyarwanda ee ''Amashyuza'', waa ilo dabiici ah oo biyo kulul oo ku yaalla xeebta bari ee [[Harada Kivu]] ee Nyamyumba Sector, [[Rubavu District]], Gobolka Galbeed, [[Rwanda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Halkee ayay ku yaallaan Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Rwanda? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401190180.html |website=AllAfrica |date=19 Janaayo 2024 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo ku taal qiyaastii 7 kiiloomitir u jirta magaalada Gisenyi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Rubavu), isha waxay ka kooban tahay laba barkadood oo maxalli ahaan loogu kala magacaabo &quot;lab&quot; iyo &quot;dheddig&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Isha biyaha kulul ee Nyambyumba |url=https://terrain-safaris.com/our-blog/1955hot-springs-in-nyambyumba/ |website=Terrain Safaris |date=13 Sebteembar 2017 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ku dhex yaallaan laanta galbeed ee Nidaamka [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]], oo u dhow [[Virunga Mountains|xarunta foolkaanaha ee Virunga]], taas oo sharxaysa habka ay ku kululaadaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;hategekimana2022&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hategekimana |first1=Francois |last2=Mugerwa |first2=Theophile |title=Sifaynta Kiimikada ee Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba, Waqooyi-galbeed Rwanda |journal=AppliedChem |year=2022 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.3390/appliedchem2040017 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalxiiska iyo dabaasha daaweynta ayaa ku horumaray isha hareeraheeda, kuwaas oo ay soo booqdaan dadka deegaanka iyo dalxiisayaasha caalamiga ah labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dadka deegaanka ayaa raadinaya in la horumariyo tas-hiilaadka Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401090030.html |website=AllAfrica |date=9 Janaayo 2024 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sharraxaad ==
Waxay ku taallaa 7 km u jirta magaalada [[Gisenyi]], dhanka galbeed ee Rwanda ee xeebaha Harada Kivu, Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba waxay ka kooban tahay barkado yaryar oo dabiici ah oo ay ku jiraan biyo kulul, mararka qaarna karkaraya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Hagaha Safarka ee Rwanda - Gisenyi {{!}} Le Voyage Autrement |url=https://www.le-voyage-autrement.com/rwanda/incontournables/gisenyi |website=www.le-voyage-autrement.com |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biyaha ayaa loo tixgeliyaa inay leeyihiin sifooyin daaweyn ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Isha kuleylka waxaa maxalli ahaan loogu yaqaanaa Amashyuza waxayna ku yaallaan xeebta bari ee Harada Kivu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Siraha Harada Kivu |url=https://www.reflexions.uliege.be/cms/c_340052/fr/les-secrets-du-lac-kivu |website=www.reflexions.uliege.be |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Halkee ayay ku yaallaan Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Rwanda? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202401190180.html |website=AllAfrica |date=19 Janaayo 2024 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba barkadood, oo maxalli ahaan loogu magacaabay &quot;lab&quot; iyo &quot;dheddig&quot;, nidaam magacaabid ah oo ka soo jeeda dadka deegaanka oo ku salaysan meelaha dhaqan ahaan loogu talagalay ragga iyo dumarka siday u kala horreeyaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;hategekimana2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Safarka maalinlaha ah ee isha biyaha kulul ee Nyamyumba ee Rubavu |url=https://www.kisorotoursuganda.com/day-tour-of-nyamyumba-hot-springs-in-rubavu/ |website=Kisoro Tours Uganda |date=11 Juun 2025 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafi ==
Isha Biyaha Kulul ee Nyamyumba waxay ku yaallaan laanta galbeed ee Nidaamka [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]], oo u dhow [[Virunga Mountains|xarunta foolkaanaha ee Virunga]], taas oo sharxaysa habka kor u kaca iyo kulaylka biyaha isha.&lt;ref name=&quot;hategekimana2022&quot; /&gt; Falanqaynta kiimikada ee Hategekimana et al. (2022) waxay ogaatay in biyaha isha ay yihiin nooca Na-HCO₃, oo leh heerar ka sarreeya macdanta milmay marka loo eego biyaha Harada Kivu ee u dhow, taas oo waafaqsan milanka dhagaxyada martida loo yahay ee biyaha kulul ee ku wareegaya nidaamka rift-ka. Qiyaasaha la cabbiray ayaa la barbardhigay heerarka Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) ee biyaha madadaalada.&lt;ref name=&quot;hategekimana2022&quot; /&gt; Daraasadu waxay sidoo kale xustay awoodda isha inay noqdaan il tamarta kulaylka dhulka, waxayna ka wada hadleen suurtogalnimada in biyaha kulul ee asalka ah ay isku daraan biyo qabow oo dusha sare ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;hategekimana2022&quot; /&gt;

== Dalxiis ==
Hawl-qabad dhaqaale iyo dalxiis ayaa ku horumaray isha biyaha kulul ee xeebaha Harada Kivu. Barkadaha kulaylka ee hawada furan waxay bixiyaan fursado lagu la fal-galo dadka deggan Gisenyi, magaalada u dhow ee dhanka waqooyi, taas oo xuduud la leh Goma ee [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=en-US |title=Saacad ku taal Rwanda: Ku raaxayso biyaha Harada Kivu, meeshan nasashada iyo dabaasha ee leh sifooyin daaweyn |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/rwanda/one-hour-rwanda-relax-swim-heal-waters-lake-kivu/fr |website=Global Press Journal |date=1 Juun 2017 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suuqa kalluunka weyn ee dhanka koonfureed ee Gisenyi, hawl-wadeennada dhaqaalaha iyo duugayaashu waxay bixiyaan adeegyadooda dadka deegaanka iyo gaar ahaan dalxiisayaasha booqanaya Harada Kivu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Rwanda: meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee dalka kunka buurood |url=https://photo.geo.fr/rwanda-les-incontournables-du-pays-des-milles-collines-36363 |website=GEO |date=2 Juunyo 2019 |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuwa dambe ayaa yimaada inta lagu jiro joogsiyada doomaha ee ku safraya Harada Kivu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Dabeecadda - Isha Nyamyumba - Gisenyi Rubavu |url=https://www.petitfute.com/v45351-gisenyi-rubavu/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c976-archeologie-artisanat-science-et-technique/c981-nature/682957-sources-de-nyamyumba.html |website=www.petitfute.com |access-date=6 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Harada Kivu]]
* [[Gisenyi]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iwawa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47792</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299216</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T08:57:40Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
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      <text bytes="2932" sha1="owud3h6kjghvpgbn7mgniq48oytbhjt" xml:space="preserve">'''Iwawa''' waa jasiirad ku taal [[Rutsiro District|Degmada Rutsiro]], [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]], [[Rwanda]] oo ku taal [[Harada Kivu]]. Waa goobta ay ku taal Xarunta Dib-u-habeynta iyo Xirfadaha Shaqo iyo Horumarinta ee Iwawa (Iwawa RC), oo ah xarun dib-u-habeyn ah oo la aasaasay 2010. Xaruntan, oo ay maamusho [[National Rehabilitation Service|Hay'adda Dib-u-habeynta Qaranka]] ee Rwanda, ayaa lagu eedeeyay inay tahay xero xabsi oo loogu talagalay dadka hoylaawayaasha ah, dadka isticmaala daroogada, iyo carruurta dariiqyada ku nool.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iwawa RC |url=https://www.nrs.gov.rw/index.php?id=138 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628184951/https://www.nrs.gov.rw/index.php?id=138 |archive-date=2021-06-28 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=www.nrs.gov.rw |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2010-04-30 |title=Rwanda Pursues Dissenters and the Homeless (Published 2010) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/01/world/africa/01rwanda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220090901/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/01/world/africa/01rwanda.html |archive-date=2024-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-13 |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Rwanda Broadcasting |title='From Saul to Paul'; A story of Iwawa's relentless drug rehabilitation path |url=https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Saul-to-Paul-Iwawas-drug-rehabilitation-path |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223225331/https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Saul-to-Paul-Iwawas-drug-rehabilitation-path |archive-date=2025-02-23 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=RBA news |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-08-02 |title=Rwanda's controversial Iwawa Island |url=https://api.theworld.org/stories/2016/08/02/rwandas-controversial-iwawa-island |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=The World from PRX |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rwanda island rehab haven has dark side |url=https://www.news24.com/rwanda-island-rehab-haven-has-dark-side-20140805 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Talaallo ayaa laga fuliyay xarunta bishii Sebteembar 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tabaro |first=Jean de la Croix |date=2021-09-16 |title=COVID-19: Vaccination Goes to Iwawa Island |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/09/covid-19-vaccination-goes-to-iwawa-island/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=KT PRESS |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanadkii 1995, waxay ahayd goobta xero maleeshiyo Hutu ah oo lagu weeraray [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Jabhadda Waddaniga Rwanda]] ee [[Paul Kagame]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=lesoir.be |title=Partners - lesoir.be |url=http://archives.lesoir.be/l-ile-d-iwawa-a-ete-nettoyee_t-19951108-Z0A8KE.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310182347/http://archives.lesoir.be/l-ile-d-iwawa-a-ete-nettoyee_t-19951108-Z0A8KE.html |archive-date=2014-03-10 |access-date=2025-12-13 |work=lesoir.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox Islands</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Jasiiradaha Harada Kivu</title>
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      <text bytes="4325" sha1="sztrukrj1c5s7me4i9ajbaslvt0j5d7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Islands
| name = Jasiiradaha Harada Kivu
| image = LakeKivu satellite.jpg
| image_caption = Idjwi oo laga arkay dayax-gacmeedka
| location = Harada Kivu, Afrikata Dhexe
| country1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo
| country2 = Rwanda

}}

'''Jasiiradaha [[Harada Kivu]]''' waa koox jasiirado ah oo ku yaalla Harada Kivu, oo ah haro ku taal [[Afrikata Dhexe]] oo u dhaxaysa [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] iyo [[Rwanda]]. Jasiiradahan way ku kala duwan yihiin cabbirka iyo muhiimadda, iyadoo qaarkood ay dad ku nool yihiin, kuwa kalena ay cidlo yihiin.

==Juqraafi==

Harada Kivu waa mid ka mid ah [[African Great Lakes|Harada Waaweyn ee Afrika]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr jasiiradood oo u qaybsan labadeeda xeebood:

• dhanka galbeed (qaybta weyn iyo inta badan jasiiradaha): Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo.

• dhanka bari: Rwanda. Qaar ka mid ah jasiiradaha waa foolkaano, kuwa kalena waxay ka yimaadaan qaababka fadhiga (sedimentary formations).

==Jasiiradda Idjwi (jasiiradda ugu weyn)==

[[Idjwi|Jasiiradda Idjwi]] waa jasiiradda ugu weyn Harada Kivu, jasiiradda ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo, jasiiradda labaad ee ugu weyn harada ee Afrika, iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu dadka badan Afrika.
Waxay samaysataa, oo ay weheliso jasiirado kale oo yaryar oo harada ku yaalla, jasiirad-kooxeed loo yaqaan jasiirad-kooxeedka Idjwi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZYoMNeTaMkC&amp;dq=ijwi+kingdom&amp;pg=PA239|title=Kings and Clans: Ijwi Island and the Lake Kivu Rift, 1780-1840|last=Newbury|first=David S.|date=1991|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299128944|pages=239|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dadka iyo hawlaha==

Jasiiradaha ay dadka deggen yihiin ee Harada Kivu waxaa inta badan degan beelaha kalluumaysatada, beeralayda, iyo xoolo-dhaqatada. Hawlaha dhaqaale
Jasiiradaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa dhowr maamul-goboleed oo ay ka mid yihiin maamul-goboleedka Kabare, maamul-goboleedka Rubenga, maamul-goboleedka Ntambuka, iyo maamul-goboleedka Buhavu. Dadka deggan jasiiradaha ayaa asal ahaan ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda [[Bushi (region)|Shi]].
Luqadda lagaga hadlo jasiiradaha waa [[Shi language|Mashi]] ama [[Shi language|Amashi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ndiwayesu |first=John Santos |title=Communauté-Havu{{!}}Site Officiel |url=https://muhavu.com/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=muhavu.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bashi Murhi-Orhakube |first=Constantin |title=Grammaire du mashi: phonologie, morphologie, mots grammaticaux et lexicaux |publisher=Paris: L'Harmattan |year=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jasiiradaha ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Jasiirad !! Cabbir !! Dadka
|-
| Jasiiradda [[Idjwi]] || ~340&amp;nbsp;km² || ~300,000 oo qof (qiyaas)
|-
| Jasiiradda Bugarula || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Tshibati || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda [[Tchegera Island|Tchegera]] || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Nyakizi || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Ntaligera 1 || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Mukondwe 1 || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Mukondwe 2 || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Tchugi || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Birhembe || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Shushu 1 || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Shushu 2 || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Nyamizi || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda [[Ibinja]] || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Cinyabalanga || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Irhe || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Iko || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Cheya || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Ihoka || - || -
|-
| Jasiiradda Ishovu || - || -
|-
|}

== Jasiiradaha ku yaalla Rwanda ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Jasiirad !! Cabbir !! Dadka
|-
| Jasiiradda Nkombo &lt;ref name=&quot;census2022&quot;&gt;{{cite report|title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Rusizi District Profile|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]|year=2022|url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Rusizi.pdf|access-date=6 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;visitrusizi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://visitrusizi.com/about/|title=About Rusizi|publisher=Rusizi District|access-date=6 April 2026|quote=Residents of Nkombo Island also speak Amashi}}&lt;/ref&gt; || ~20–25&amp;nbsp;km² (qiyaas) || ~15,000 ilaa 20,000 oo qof
|-
| Jasiiradda Napoleon || ~0.5&amp;nbsp;km² (qiyaas) || Cidlo
|-
| Jasiiradda Amahoro || Aad u yar || Cidlo
|-
| Jasiiradda Monkey || Aad u yar || Cidlo (waxaa jooga daanyeer)
|-
| [[Iwawa]] ||  || 
|-

|}

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>sztrukrj1c5s7me4i9ajbaslvt0j5d7</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Idjwi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47795</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299219</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T09:05:57Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="5168" sha1="s4fi0d3rarduy2s3shj1rnoafm7zyqx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox islands
| name             = Idjwi
| image_name       = 29.13117E_2.jpg
| image_caption    = Idjwi, oo ku taal gobolka koonfur-dhexe ee Harada Kivu
| image_size       = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_link = 
| nickname         = 
| location         = [[Harada Kivu]]
| coordinates      = {{coord|02|06|18|S|29|03|36|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map      = Democratic Republic of the Congo#Rwanda#Africa
| archipelago      = 
| total_islands    = 
| major_islands    = 
| area_km2         = 340
| length_km        = 70
| width_km         = 
| highest_mount    = Nyamusisi
| elevation_m      = 
| country          = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo
| country_admin_divisions_title     = [[Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Gobol]]
| country_admin_divisions           = [[South Kivu|Kivu-ta Koonfureed]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1   = [[Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Degmo]]
| country_admin_divisions_1         = [[Idjwi Territory|Idjwi]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2   = 
| country_admin_divisions_2         = 
| country_largest_city              = 
| country_largest_city_population   = 
| population       = 250,000 
| population_as_of = 2009
| density_km2      = 700
| ethnic_groups    = Bashi (Havu)
| additional_info  =
}}
'''Idjwi''', ama '''Ijwi''', waa [[Lake island|jasiirad gudaha ah]] oo ku taal [[Harada Kivu]] taas oo qayb ka ah [[South Kivu|Gobolka Kivu-ta Koonfureed]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]]. Iyadoo leh {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} dherer ah iyo bed dhan {{convert|340|km2|0|abbr=on}}, waa jasiiradda labaad ee ugu weyn harada ee [[Afrika]] iyo tan tobnaad ee ugu weyn adduunka.{{efn|[[Jasiiradda Ukerewe]] ee [[Harada Victoria]] ee deriska la ah ayaa aad uga weyn Idjwi, iyada oo leh {{convert|530|km2|0|abbr=on}}.}} Idjwi waxay qiyaastii u dhaxaysaa Kongo iyo [[Rwanda]], iyadoo {{convert|10|to|15|km|0|abbr=out}} ay u jirto xeebteeda galbeed iyo dhulka weyn ee DRC, isla masaafadaasna ay u jirto xeebteeda bari iyo xeebta Rwanda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caaradda koonfureed ee jasiiradda ayaa u jirta kaliya {{convert|1|km}} meel ku taal xeebta Rwanda. Waxaa lagu tagi karaa doon laga raaco [[Bukavu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=Idjwi, Jasiirad deggan oo ka badbaadday dhibaatooyinka Kongo. Waqtigan xaadirka ah |url=https://worldcrunch.com/food-travel/idjwi-a-quiet-island-sheltered-from-congo039s-woes-for-now/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Worldcrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqanka ==
Taariikh ahaan bulsho Bahavu ah oo ku salaysan qabiil iyo qabiilka [[Bushi (region)|Bashi]], jasiiradda Idjwi waxay noqotay [[Chiefdom|boqortooyo]] qarnigii 18-aad ee dambe (qiyaastii intii u dhaxaysay 1780 iyo 1840).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZYoMNeTaMkC&amp;dq=ijwi+kingdom&amp;pg=PA239|title=Kings and Clans: Ijwi Island and the Lake Kivu Rift, 1780-1840|last=Newbury|first=David S.|date=1991|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299128944|pages=239|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maanta, jasiiradda waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba [[Chiefdom#African chiefdoms|maamul-goboleed]]: Rubenga oo ku taal waqooyiga, iyo Ntambuka oo ku taal koonfurta. Dadka Pygmiga ah waxaa laga helaa labada boqortooyo, laakiin aad ayay ugu badan yihiin Rubenga, halkaas oo ay ka qabtaan shaqooyinka beeraha ee madaxa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Marka laga reebo wixii jasiiradda ka baxa, dhammaan alaabta waa in loo soo qaadaa Idjwi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dalagyadooda ugu muhiimsan waa kasaafada, digirta, kafeega, iyo muuska.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ndiwayesu |first=John Santos |title=Communauté-Havu{{!}}Site Officiel |url=https://muhavu.com/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=muhavu.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kaabayaasha rayidka ah ayaa si gaar ah u horumarin, dadkuna badanaa waxay la ildaran yihiin cudurrada faafa sida malaariyada.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Background on Idjwi. |url=https://wafmag.org/2016/02/eliminating-neglected-tropical-diseases-idjwi/2015-12-1774/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Women Across Frontiers Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, go'doominteeda ayaa taariikh ahaan ka ilaalisa [[Kivu conflict|Colaadda Kivu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tirakoobka ==
95% dadka deggan waa Bahavu, iyadoo ay jiraan dad laga tirada badan yahay oo ah [[Pygmy peoples|pygmies]] iyo [[Hutu|Hutu]]. Natiijada, luqadda ugu badan ee lagaga hadlo jasiiradda waa [[Havu language|Kihavu]], in kasta oo [[Swahili language|Sawaaxiliga]] sidoo kale si weyn looga hadlo. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadka ayaa ku lug leh qodista ciidda, taas oo tiro aad u badan oo ka mid ah mar loo isticmaali jiray dhismaha magaalooyinka [[Bukavu]] iyo [[Goma]]. Qaar ka mid ah dadka deggan ayaa u arka qodista ciidda inay tahay il dakhli oo qiimo leh oo u suurtogal ah jasiiradda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Waxaa jira 311 dugsi oo ku yaalla jasiiradda, kuwaas oo 203 ay yihiin dugsiyada hoose iyo 108 ay yihiin dugsiyada sare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa si liidata looga qayb galaa saboolnimada iyo khidmadaha dugsiga oo sarreeya awgood.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Notelist}}
===Xigashooyin===
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  <page>
    <title>Adrien Deschryver</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47796</id>
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      <id>299220</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T09:09:01Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="6926" sha1="kqh9rtwqemqu9jii75ljpn053uuhzl1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
 | name         = Adrien Deschryver
 | image        = 
 | caption      = 
 | birth_name   = 
 | birth_date   = {{Birth date|1939|5|11}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kahuzibieganationalpark.org/|title=Bogga Hore ee Beerta Qaranka ee Kahuzi Biega|date=|access-date=10 October 2018|publisher=Kahuzi Biega National Park|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903055044/https://www.kahuzibieganationalpark.org/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | birth_place  = [[Bruges]], Biljam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://genealogieonline.nl/en/stamboom-de-schryver/I73709.php|title=Xogta shakhsiyeed ee Adrien Deschryver|date= |access-date= 10 October 2018|publisher=Genealogie Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | death_date   = {{death date and age|1989|3|23|1939|5|11}}
 | years_active = 
 | occupation   = Ilaaliye dabeecadeed, sawirqaade
 | party        = 
 | spouse       = Agnes Bujiriri M'Rwankuba
}}

'''Adrien Deschryver''' ({{Birth date|1939|5|11}} – {{death date|1989|3|23}}) wuxuu ahaa sawirqaade iyo ilaaliye dabeecadeed u dhashay Biljam, kaas oo aasaasay isla markaana ahaa madaxa ilaalada [[Kahuzi-Biega National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kahuzi-Biega]] oo u dhow xeebta galbeed ee [[Harada Kivu]] iyo xadka [[Rwanda]] sanadkii 1970,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mammothsafaris.com/democratic-republic-congo/kahuzi-biega-national-park/|title=Beerta Qaranka ee Kahuzi Biega|date= |access-date= 30 August 2018|publisher=Mammoth Safaris}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna u dhaqmay sidii uu u ilaalin lahaa sharciga iyo kala dambeynta gudaha beerta intii lagu jiray dagaalkii sokeeye ee agagaarka [[Bukavu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Weber |first1=Bill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PH61U7seLKgC&amp;dq=how+did+Adrien+Deschryver+died&amp;pg=PA184 |title=In the Kingdom of Gorillas: The Quest to Save Rwanda's Mountain Gorillas |last2=Weber |first2=William |last3=Vedder |first3=Amy |date=2002-12-03 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-0007-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shaqada Afrika ==

=== Shaqadii hore ee gorillada ===
Sannadihii 1960-meeyadii, Deschryver iyo [[Dian Fossey]] waxay sumcad badan ku heleen habkooda ku aaddan laba nooc oo gorillo ah oo ku nool Rwanda iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]]. Kii hore wuxuu bilaabay inuu u dhawaado gorillada bartamihii 1960-meeyadii si uu u horumariyo dalxiiska, waxaana weheliyay laba raad-raac oo ka tirsan qabiilka Pygmiga, Pili Pili Purusi iyo Mishebere Patrice.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnwvTXEMFM0C&amp;q=Adrien+Deschryver&amp;pg=PA930|title=The Wandering Gorillas|date= 14 June 1979 |access-date= 30 August 2018|publisher=New Scientist}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.berggorilla.org/en/gorillas/general/history/articles-history/the-story-of-two-pioneers-in-the-habituation-of-eastern-gorillas/|title=Sheekada laba halyeey oo ku takhasusay la qabsashada gorillada bari|date= |access-date= 30 August 2018|publisher=Berggorilla and Regenwald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Abuurista iyo shaqada Beerta Qaranka ee Kahuzi-Biega ===
Sannadkii 1970, Deschryver wuxuu ku qanciyay maamulkii Kongo ee dhawaan la aasaasay baahida loo qabo kayd dabiici ah oo la ballaariyay oo gobolka ah, maadaama ugaarsiga gorilladu uu tiradooda hoos u dhigay heer khatar ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Klawitter |first=Nils |date=2017-11-01 |title=Dilalka ka dhaca beerta Kongo ayaa su'aalo ka keenaya ilaalinta dabeecadda |language=en |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/killing-in-park-in-congo-raises-questions-about-conservation-a-1175574.html |access-date=2023-01-29 |issn=2195-1349}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tani waxay horseedday abuurista sanadkaas ee [[Kahuzi-Biega National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kahuzi-Biega]].

Filimkii dokumenteriga ahaa ee 1974 ''Gorilla'' wuxuu muujiyay Deschryver oo keenaya gorillo dhallaanka ah oo la dayacay kaynta si uu uga caawiyo la qabsiga deegaankiisii dabiiciga ahaa. Gorilladii dhallaanka ahayd waxay bilowday inay qayliso markay maqashay gorillo kale, ka dibna Deschryver ayaa dhigay markii gorillada [[silverback]] ee ugu awoodda badan ay dhowr jeer si gardarro ah ugu qaylisay oo ay ugu dambeyntii hal mar ku soo orday. Silverback-kii wuxuu horey isugu dayay inuu weeraro ama argagax geliyo Deschryver, laakiin ugu dambeyntii wuu dib u gurtey markii Deschryver uusan dhaqaaqin ama baqin. Muuqaalka Deschryver ee iska caabiyay weerarkii silverback-ga ayaa tan iyo markaas noqday [[viral video|viral]], iyadoo ay jiraan memes ku saabsan geesinimada Deschryver. Qaar kale waxay xuseen in muuqaalku uu muujinayo sida dabeecadda iyo cabsila'aantu ay u dhisi karaan awood ka sarreysa cabbirka iyo xoogga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://petapixel.com/2012/10/12/why-photographing-gorillas-in-the-wild-takes-a-huge-amount-of-guts/|title=Waa maxay sababta sawir-qaadista gorillada duurjoogta ah ay u baahan tahay geesinimo badan|date= 12 October 2012 |access-date=30 August 2018|publisher=PetaPixel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dian Fossey ayaa ku dhaliishay Deschryver falkan iyo inuu si fudud u cararay ka dib. Waxay sheegtay in gorilladii dhallaanka ahayd aan waligeed la arkin mar dambe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Fowler |first=John |author-link= |date= |title=A Forest in the Clouds: My Year Among the Mountain Gorillas in the Remote Enclave of Dian Fossey |url= |location= |publisher=Pegasus Books |page= |isbn=978-1643131412}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Deschryver wuxuu aqoonsaday deegaannada gorillada bannaanka bari ka dib markii uu la tashaday tuulada [[Twa]] ee beerta dhexdeeda horraantii 1970-meeyadii. Bartamihii 1970-meeyadii, wuxuu ugu soo laabtay tuuladooda isaga oo wata [[Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|ciidammada Kongo]] iyo ilaalada beerta, isagoo burburiyay dhowr ka mid ah oo si xoog ah u barakiciyay dadkii degganaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20220408-ngo-recounts-horrors-of-drc-indigenous-batwa-being-wiped-out-in-the-name-of-conservation/|title=Dadka asaliga ah ee Batwa ee DRC ayaa lagu tirtirayaa magaca ilaalinta dabeecadda: NGO|date= |access-date= 25 June 2023|publisher=RFI}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deschryver wuxuu ku dhintay xaalado aan caddayn, suurtagalnimada in la sumeeyay,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Newman |first=James L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJT7OMAOOXQC&amp;dq=how+did+Adrien+Deschryver+died&amp;pg=PA106 |title=Encountering Gorillas: A Chronicle of Discovery, Exploitation, Understanding, and Survival |date=2013-07-05 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-1-4422-1957-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana lagu aasay xarunta Tshivanga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sheekada laba halyeey oo ku takhasusay la qabsashada gorillada bari |url=https://www.berggorilla.org/en/home/news-archive/article-view/the-story-of-two-pioneers-in-the-habituation-of-eastern-gorillas/ |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Berggorilla &amp; Regenwald Direkthilfe e.V. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*{{IMDb name|2464877}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deschryver, Adrien}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Qaxwaha Beeraha ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo</title>
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      <id>299221</id>
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      <text bytes="5281" sha1="ojhynkisetjbzj33okzrpscj0hdd8z1" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Problems on the border (6940585060).jpg|thumb|upright|Beer kafeega oo ku taal DRC]]
[[File:StoryoftheCongoFreeState 258.jpg|thumb|upright|Beer kafeega oo ku taal Yalicombe, [[Oriental Province]], ka hor 1905]]
[[File:StoryoftheCongoFreeState 398.jpg|thumb|upright|Meelaha lagu qallajiyo kafeega, [[Coquilhatville]], ka hor 1905]]

'''Soosaarista kafeega ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo''' ('''DRC''') waxay xuddun u tahay gobollada [[Harada Kivu]]. Waxaa jira ku dhawaad 11,000 oo beeraley kafee ah oo ku nool dalka kuwaas oo soo saara laba nooc oo waaweyn oo [[kafee]] ah, ''[[coffea robusta|Robusta]]'' iyo ''[[coffea arabica|Arabica]]''.

==Beeralayda iyo iskaashatooyinka==
Waxaa jiray in ka badan 11,000 oo beeraley kafee ah oo ku nool DRC sanadkii 2013.&lt;ref name=Foote2013&gt;{{cite news|last1=Foote|first1=Willy|title=Kongo oo rabshado ka jiraan, rajo ku jirta digirta kafeega|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyfoote/2013/10/17/in-violent-congo-hope-in-the-shape-of-a-coffee-bean/|access-date=1 June 2015|work=[[Forbes]]|date=17 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururada iskaashatooyinka, sida Furaha, Muungano, iyo Sopacdi ayaa ah la-hawlgalayaal qiimo leh oo u ah beeralayda kafeega xagga iibka iyo qaybinta.&lt;ref name=Foote2013/&gt;

==Noocyada==
Noocyo badan oo kafee ah ayaa lagu beeraa DRC laakiin labada nooc ee waaweyn waa [[Robusta coffee|''Robusta'']], kaas oo inta badan laga beero waqooyi-bari ee dalka sida [[Isiro]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Fund1971&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Sahaminta Dhaqaalaha Afrika: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo, Jamhuuriyadda Malagasy, Malawi, Mauritius, iyo Zambia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRAwAAAAMAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka|page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhulalka hoose ee [[Ubangi Province|Ubangi]], [[Uélé Province|Uele]], [[Kivu]], [[Kasai region|Kasai]], iyo [[Bas-Congo]]; iyo noocyada ''Arabica'' ee fudud oo lagu beero meelaha dhaadheer ee [[Kivu]] iyo [[Ituri Province|Ituri]]. ''[[Coffea arabica|''Arabica'']]'' waxay ka dhigan tahay shan meelood meel ka mid ah wadarta guud ee soosaarka kafeega.{{Sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2009|p=89}}

==Soosaarid==
Sannadkii 1989, dhoofinta kafeega waxay gaartay meel sare oo ah {{convert|119,320|LT|MT|order=flip|0}}, laakiin waxay hoos u dhacday si weyn xilligii 1994–2003,&lt;ref name=&quot;Commission&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Fursadaha Dhoofinta iyo Caqabadaha ka jira Waddamada u qalma Sharciga Kobaca iyo Fursadda Afrika, Inv. 332-464|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-tlo3KPcgMC&amp;pg=SA3-PA21|publisher=Guddiga Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah ee Mareykanka, DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4578-1970-4|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Recover&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/08/dr-congo-fresh-start-for-dr-congos-coffee-producers/|title=DR Kongo: Bilow Cusub oo loogu talagalay Soosaarayaasha Kafeega ee DR Kongo|access-date=2 June 2015|date=31 May 2015|publisher=Wakaaladda Wararka ee Inter Press Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo laga yaabo inay sabab u tahay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1997 iyo 1998.&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt; [[Coffee wilt disease]] ayaa sidoo kale saameeyay koritaanka gobollo qaarkood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Commission&quot;/&gt; Ka dib markii heshiiskii nabadda la saxiixay bishii Diseembar 2002, ka dib dhammaadkii dagaalkii sokeeye, soosaarka kafeega ayaa kor u kacay {{convert|40,000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} sannadkii 2003 laga soo bilaabo tiro dhan {{convert|32000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} sannadkii 2002.{{Sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2009|p=89}} Sannadkii 2006, soosaarka kafeega, marka loo eego {{convert|60|kg}} oo bac ah, wuxuu ahaa 100,000 oo bac oo ''Arabica'' ah iyo 470,000 oo bac oo ''Robusta'' ah.&lt;ref name=Mundi&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/democratic_republic_of_the_congo/agriculture/coffee-green.html|title=Kongo, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee – Kafee; Cagaar – Soosaarid, Isticmaalka, Soo dejinta, &amp; Dhoofinta|access-date=2 June 2015|publisher= indexmundi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadarta dhoofinta waxay ahayd 400,000 oo bac oo ah {{convert|60|kg}},&lt;ref name=Mundi/&gt; laakiin sannadkii 2010 soosaarka kafeega wuxuu weli ahaa {{convert|6,000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} in ka yar 10% waxa uu ahaa 20 sano ka hor sannadkii 1989 [{{convert|119,320|LT|MT|order=flip|0}}].&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt;

Sannadkii 2012, dawladdu waxay bilowday barnaamij lagu soo celinayo qaybta kafeega oo cinwaankeedu yahay ''Dukumentiga Istiraatiijiyadda ee Soo celinta Qaybta Kafeega 2011–2015'' waxayna u qoondeysay miisaaniyad dhan 100 milyan oo Doolarka Mareykanka ah ujeeddadaas. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in qorshaha soo kabashada uu horseedi doono koror ku yimaada soosaarka illaa {{convert|120,000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} sannadkii 2015.&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt; Gobollada loo qorsheeyay in laga soo celiyo koritaanka kafeega waa siddeed degmo oo ka tirsan gobolka Kivu-ta Koonfureed, nooca Robusta ee kafeega ee gobolka Orientale, iyo ku dhawaad {{convert|700|ha}} oo kafeega ''Arabica'' ah oo ku yaalla gobolka Bandundu.&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[Liiska waddamada marka loo eego soosaarka kafeega]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliografi==
*{{cite book|last1= Kisangani |first1=Emizet Francois |last2= Bobb |first2=Scott F. |title=Qaamuuska Taariikhiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FvAWPTaRvFYC&amp;pg=PA89|date=1 October 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6325-5}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5289" sha1="2718428ts75voyd8javfs4uphs49mbj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Problems on the border (6940585060).jpg|thumb|upright|Beer kafeega oo ku taal DRC]]
[[File:StoryoftheCongoFreeState 258.jpg|thumb|upright|Beer kafeega oo ku taal Yalicombe, [[Oriental Province]], ka hor 1905]]
[[File:StoryoftheCongoFreeState 398.jpg|thumb|upright|Meelaha lagu qallajiyo kafeega, [[Coquilhatville]], ka hor 1905]]

'''Soosaarista kafeega ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo''' ('''DRC''') waxay xuddun u tahay gobollada [[Harada Kivu]]. Waxaa jira ku dhawaad 11,000 oo beeraley kafee ah oo ku nool dalka kuwaas oo soo saara laba nooc oo waaweyn oo [[kafee]] ah, ''[[coffea robusta|Robusta]]'' iyo ''[[coffea arabica|Arabica]]''.

==Beeralayda iyo iskaashatooyinka==
Waxaa jiray in ka badan 11,000 oo beeraley kafee ah oo ku nool DRC sanadkii 2013.&lt;ref name=Foote2013&gt;{{cite news|last1=Foote|first1=Willy|title=Kongo oo rabshado ka jiraan, rajo ku jirta digirta kafeega|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyfoote/2013/10/17/in-violent-congo-hope-in-the-shape-of-a-coffee-bean/|access-date=1 June 2015|work=[[Forbes]]|date=17 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururada iskaashatooyinka, sida Furaha, Muungano, iyo Sopacdi ayaa ah la-hawlgalayaal qiimo leh oo u ah beeralayda kafeega xagga iibka iyo qaybinta.&lt;ref name=Foote2013/&gt;

==Noocyada==
Noocyo badan oo kafee ah ayaa lagu beeraa DRC laakiin labada nooc ee waaweyn waa [[Robusta coffee|''Robusta'']], kaas oo inta badan laga beero waqooyi-bari ee dalka sida [[Isiro]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Fund1971&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Sahaminta Dhaqaalaha Afrika: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo, Jamhuuriyadda Malagasy, Malawi, Mauritius, iyo Zambia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRAwAAAAMAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka|page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhulalka hoose ee [[Ubangi Province|Ubangi]], [[Uélé Province|Uele]], [[Kivu]], [[Kasai region|Kasai]], iyo [[Bas-Congo]]; iyo noocyada ''Arabica'' ee fudud oo lagu beero meelaha dhaadheer ee [[Kivu]] iyo [[Ituri Province|Ituri]]. ''[[Coffea arabica|''Arabica'']]'' waxay ka dhigan tahay shan meelood meel ka mid ah wadarta guud ee soosaarka kafeega.{{Sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2009|p=89}}

==Soosaarid==
Sannadkii 1989, dhoofinta kafeega waxay gaartay meel sare oo ah {{convert|119,320|LT|MT|order=flip|0}}, laakiin waxay hoos u dhacday si weyn xilligii 1994–2003,&lt;ref name=&quot;Commission&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Fursadaha Dhoofinta iyo Caqabadaha ka jira Waddamada u qalma Sharciga Kobaca iyo Fursadda Afrika, Inv. 332-464|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-tlo3KPcgMC&amp;pg=SA3-PA21|publisher=Guddiga Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah ee Mareykanka, DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4578-1970-4|page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Recover&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/08/dr-congo-fresh-start-for-dr-congos-coffee-producers/|title=DR Kongo: Bilow Cusub oo loogu talagalay Soosaarayaasha Kafeega ee DR Kongo|access-date=2 June 2015|date=31 May 2015|publisher=Wakaaladda Wararka ee Inter Press Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo laga yaabo inay sabab u tahay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1997 iyo 1998.&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt; [[Coffee wilt disease]] ayaa sidoo kale saameeyay koritaanka gobollo qaarkood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Commission&quot;/&gt; Ka dib markii heshiiskii nabadda la saxiixay bishii Diseembar 2002, ka dib dhammaadkii dagaalkii sokeeye, soosaarka kafeega ayaa kor u kacay {{convert|40,000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} sannadkii 2003 laga soo bilaabo tiro dhan {{convert|32000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} sannadkii 2002.{{Sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2009|p=89}} Sannadkii 2006, soosaarka kafeega, marka loo eego {{convert|60|kg}} oo bac ah, wuxuu ahaa 100,000 oo bac oo ''Arabica'' ah iyo 470,000 oo bac oo ''Robusta'' ah.&lt;ref name=Mundi&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/democratic_republic_of_the_congo/agriculture/coffee-green.html|title=Kongo, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee – Kafee; Cagaar – Soosaarid, Isticmaalka, Soo dejinta, &amp; Dhoofinta|access-date=2 June 2015|publisher= indexmundi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadarta dhoofinta waxay ahayd 400,000 oo bac oo ah {{convert|60|kg}},&lt;ref name=Mundi/&gt; laakiin sannadkii 2010 soosaarka kafeega wuxuu weli ahaa {{convert|6,000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} in ka yar 10% waxa uu ahaa 20 sano ka hor sannadkii 1989 [{{convert|119,320|LT|MT|order=flip|0}}].&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt;

Sannadkii 2012, dawladdu waxay bilowday barnaamij lagu soo celinayo qaybta kafeega oo cinwaankeedu yahay ''Dukumentiga Istiraatiijiyadda ee Soo celinta Qaybta Kafeega 2011–2015'' waxayna u qoondeysay miisaaniyad dhan 100 milyan oo Doolarka Mareykanka ah ujeeddadaas. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in qorshaha soo kabashada uu horseedi doono koror ku yimaada soosaarka illaa {{convert|120,000|LT|MT|order=flip|0}} sannadkii 2015.&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt; Gobollada loo qorsheeyay in laga soo celiyo koritaanka kafeega waa siddeed degmo oo ka tirsan gobolka Kivu-ta Koonfureed, nooca Robusta ee kafeega ee gobolka Orientale, iyo ku dhawaad {{convert|700|ha}} oo kafeega ''Arabica'' ah oo ku yaalla gobolka Bandundu.&lt;ref name=Recover/&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[Liiska waddamada marka loo eego soosaarka kafeega]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

==Taariikh nololeedka==
*{{cite book|last1= Kisangani |first1=Emizet Francois |last2= Bobb |first2=Scott F. |title=Qaamuuska Taariikhiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FvAWPTaRvFYC&amp;pg=PA89|date=1 October 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6325-5}}</text>
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    <title>Dhulgariirkii Harada Kivu ee 2008</title>
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      <text bytes="6534" sha1="iioufivfyituw2h9ajqnbqgtlzne8h8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox earthquake
| name = Dhulgariirkii Harada Kivu ee 2008
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption = 
| map = 2008 Lake Kivu earthquake.jpg
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| map2 = 
| timestamp = 2008-02-03 07:34:11
| isc-event = 13213409
| anss-url = iscgem13213409
| local-date = {{Start date|2008|02|03}}
| local-time = 09:34:11 CAT
| duration = 
| magnitude = 5.9 {{M|w|link=y}}
| depth = {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| location = {{coord|2.314|S|28.896|E|region:XX_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| fault = 
| type = [[Fault (geology)#Dip-slip faults|Caadi]]
| affected = [[Rwanda]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Kongo]]
| damages = Culus&lt;ref name=NGDC/&gt;
| intensity = {{MMI|VIII}}
| pga = &lt;!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' --&gt;
| tsunami = 
| landslide = 
| foreshocks = 
| aftershocks = 
| casualties = 44 dhimasho ah, 349+ dhaawac ah&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/02/03/rwanda.quake.ap/index.html | title=Dhulgariirro lagu dilay 39 qof oo ku kala sugnaa Rwanda iyo Kongo |publisher= CNN|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080926032607/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/02/03/rwanda.quake.ap/index.html |archive-date=September 26, 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2008/2008_deaths.php |title = Dhimashadii ka dhalatay dhulgariirradii 2008  |access-date=2014-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003064028/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2008/2008_deaths.php |archive-date=2015-10-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Dhulgariirkii Harada Kivu ee 2008''' wuxuu ruxay dalal dhowr ah oo ku yaalla gobolka [[African Great Lakes|Harada Waaweyn]] ee Afrika 07:34:12 ([[GMT]]) subaxnimadii Febraayo 3. Wuxuu cabirkiisu ahaa 5.9 oo lagu cabiray [[moment magnitude scale]]. [[Epicentre|Xarunta]] dhulgariirka waxay ahayd {{convert|20|km}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Bukavu]] oo ku taal [[Harada Kivu]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;deadly&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7224925.stm | title = Dhulgariir dhimasho sababay oo ruxay Rwanda | access-date = 2008-02-03 | publisher = [[BBC Online]] | date=2008-02-03| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080204133626/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7224925.stm| archive-date= 4 February 2008 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Warbixinta dhul-dhiska ==
Sida ay sheegtay USGS,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2008mzam.php#summary |title= Cabirka 5.9 – Gobolka Harada KIVU, JAM. DIM. EE KONGO|publisher=United States Geological Survey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206065520/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2008mzam.php#summary |archive-date=February 6, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Dhulgariirku wuxuu ka dhacay laanta Galbeed ee nidaamka Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika. Nidaamka Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika waa aag aad u ballaaran, oo dhererkiisu dhan yahay qiyaastii 3000 km, oo ah aag fidsan oo qolofka dhulka ah oo mara bariga Afrika kana yimaada Jabuuti iyo Eritrea oo ku taal waqooyiga ilaa Malawi oo ku taal koonfurta taas oo ah xadka u dhexeeya saxanka Afrika ee galbeedka iyo saxanka Soomaaliya ee bari. Isla dhigta dhulgariirka, saxannada Afrika iyo Soomaaliya waxay kala fogaanayaan xawaare dhan qiyaastii afar milimitir sannadkii. Dhulgariirku wuxuu ka dhacay meel u dhow Harada Kivu, oo qulqul-darradeeda lagu abuuray cillad caadi ah oo la mid ah tii dhalisay dhulgariirkii Febraayo 3. Dhulgariirkii ugu weynaa ee ka dhacay nidaamka rift-ka tan iyo 1900 wuxuu lahaa cabbir dhan qiyaastii 7.6. Xarunta dhulgariirkii Febraayo 3, 2008, waxay ku dhex taal dhowr iyo toban kiiloomitir meel u jirta xarunta dhulgariir cabbirkiisu ahaa 6.2 oo dilay laba qof magaalada Goma bishii Oktoobar 2002. Dhulgariirrada gudaha nidaamka Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika waxay u dhacaan natiijada ka dhalata cilladaha caadiga ah iyo cilladaha dhinac-dhaafidda.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Faahfaahin ==
Ugu yaraan 25 qof ayaa loo xaqiijiyay inay ku dhinteen [[Rwanda]], iyadoo 200 oo kale ay si xun u dhaawacmeen. Toban qof ayaa ku dhintay markii kaniisad ku duntay [[Rusizi District|Degmada Rusizi]] ee [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]] ee Rwanda, sida ay sheegtay raadiyaha Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/03/2153211.htm | title = 23 qof oo ku dhintay dhulgariirka Rwanda: raadiyaha | access-date = 2008-02-03 | publisher = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080206075025/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/03/2153211.htm| archive-date= 6 February 2008 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| url-status= dead| date = 2008-02-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo ugu yaraan 5 ayaa dhimatay, 149 kalena si xun ayay u dhaawacmeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;hits&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03244479._CH_.2400 | title = Tirada dhimashada ee dhulgariirradii Rwanda iyo Kongo ayaa gaartay 30 | access-date = 2008-02-03 | agency = Reuters| date=2008-02-03| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080213034121/https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03244479._CH_.2400| archive-date= 13 February 2008 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Liiska dhulgariirradii 2008]]
* [[Liiska dhulgariirradii Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Liiska dhulgariirradii DR. Kongo]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=NGDC&gt;{{citation|title=Kaydka Xogta Dhulgariirrada Muhiimka ah|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&amp;s=1&amp;d=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929000601/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&amp;s=1&amp;d=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 29, 2006|author=Xarunta Xogta Juqraafiyeed ee Qaranka / Adeegga Xogta Adduunka (NGDC/WDS)|publisher=[[Xarunta Xogta Juqraafiyeed ee Qaranka]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K|year=1972|type=Data Set}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Wikinews|Ugu yaraan 30 qof oo ay dileen dhulgariirro ka dhacay Rwanda iyo Kongo}}
* [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000fy21#executive M 5.9 – Gobolka Harada Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo] – [[United States Geological Survey]]
* [https://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSL0319545020080203 Ugu yaraan 21 qof ayaa ku dhintay dhulgariirkii Rwanda] – [[Reuters]]
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      <text bytes="6450" sha1="ps7apoezvrni3a7l6swbbt5oejwxf64" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox earthquake
| name = Dhulgariirkii Harada Kivu ee 2008
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption = 
| map = 2008 Lake Kivu earthquake.jpg
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| map2 = 
| timestamp = 2008-02-03 07:34:11
| isc-event = 13213409
| anss-url = iscgem13213409
| local-date = {{Start date|2008|02|03}}
| local-time = 09:34:11 CAT
| duration = 
| magnitude = 5.9 {{M|w|link=y}}
| depth = {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| location = {{coord|2.314|S|28.896|E|region:XX_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| fault = 
| type = [[Fault (geology)#Dip-slip faults|Caadi]]
| affected = [[Rwanda]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Kongo]]
| damages = Culus&lt;ref name=NGDC/&gt;
| intensity = {{MMI|VIII}}
| pga = &lt;!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' --&gt;
| tsunami = 
| landslide = 
| foreshocks = 
| aftershocks = 
| casualties = 44 dhimasho ah, 349+ dhaawac ah&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/02/03/rwanda.quake.ap/index.html | title=Dhulgariirro lagu dilay 39 qof oo ku kala sugnaa Rwanda iyo Kongo |publisher= CNN|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080926032607/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/02/03/rwanda.quake.ap/index.html |archive-date=September 26, 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2008/2008_deaths.php |title = Dhimashadii ka dhalatay dhulgariirradii 2008  |access-date=2014-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003064028/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2008/2008_deaths.php |archive-date=2015-10-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Dhulgariirkii Harada Kivu ee 2008''' wuxuu ruxay dalal dhowr ah oo ku yaalla gobolka [[African Great Lakes|Harada Waaweyn]] ee Afrika 07:34:12 ([[GMT]]) subaxnimadii Febraayo 3. Wuxuu cabirkiisu ahaa 5.9 oo lagu cabiray [[moment magnitude scale]]. [[Epicentre|Xarunta]] dhulgariirka waxay ahayd {{convert|20|km}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Bukavu]] oo ku taal [[Harada Kivu]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;deadly&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7224925.stm | title = Dhulgariir dhimasho sababay oo ruxay Rwanda | access-date = 2008-02-03 | publisher = [[BBC Online]] | date=2008-02-03| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080204133626/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7224925.stm| archive-date= 4 February 2008 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Warbixinta dhul-dhiska ==
Sida ay sheegtay USGS,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2008mzam.php#summary |title= Cabirka 5.9 – Gobolka Harada KIVU, JAM. DIM. EE KONGO|publisher=United States Geological Survey |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206065520/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2008mzam.php#summary |archive-date=February 6, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Dhulgariirku wuxuu ka dhacay laanta Galbeed ee nidaamka Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika. Nidaamka Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika waa aag aad u ballaaran, oo dhererkiisu dhan yahay qiyaastii 3000 km, oo ah aag fidsan oo qolofka dhulka ah oo mara bariga Afrika kana yimaada Jabuuti iyo Eritrea oo ku taal waqooyiga ilaa Malawi oo ku taal koonfurta taas oo ah xadka u dhexeeya saxanka Afrika ee galbeedka iyo saxanka Soomaaliya ee bari. Isla dhigta dhulgariirka, saxannada Afrika iyo Soomaaliya waxay kala fogaanayaan xawaare dhan qiyaastii afar milimitir sannadkii. Dhulgariirku wuxuu ka dhacay meel u dhow Harada Kivu, oo qulqul-darradeeda lagu abuuray cillad caadi ah oo la mid ah tii dhalisay dhulgariirkii Febraayo 3. Dhulgariirkii ugu weynaa ee ka dhacay nidaamka rift-ka tan iyo 1900 wuxuu lahaa cabbir dhan qiyaastii 7.6. Xarunta dhulgariirkii Febraayo 3, 2008, waxay ku dhex taal dhowr iyo toban kiiloomitir meel u jirta xarunta dhulgariir cabbirkiisu ahaa 6.2 oo dilay laba qof magaalada Goma bishii Oktoobar 2002. Dhulgariirrada gudaha nidaamka Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika waxay u dhacaan natiijada ka dhalata cilladaha caadiga ah iyo cilladaha dhinac-dhaafidda.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Faahfaahin ==
Ugu yaraan 25 qof ayaa loo xaqiijiyay inay ku dhinteen [[Rwanda]], iyadoo 200 oo kale ay si xun u dhaawacmeen. Toban qof ayaa ku dhintay markii kaniisad ku duntay [[Rusizi District|Degmada Rusizi]] ee [[Western Province, Rwanda|Gobolka Galbeed]] ee Rwanda, sida ay sheegtay raadiyaha Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;radio&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/03/2153211.htm | title = 23 qof oo ku dhintay dhulgariirka Rwanda: raadiyaha | access-date = 2008-02-03 | publisher = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080206075025/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/03/2153211.htm| archive-date= 6 February 2008 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| url-status= dead| date = 2008-02-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo ugu yaraan 5 ayaa dhimatay, 149 kalena si xun ayay u dhaawacmeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;hits&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03244479._CH_.2400 | title = Tirada dhimashada ee dhulgariirradii Rwanda iyo Kongo ayaa gaartay 30 | access-date = 2008-02-03 | agency = Reuters| date=2008-02-03| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080213034121/https://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL03244479._CH_.2400| archive-date= 13 February 2008 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Liiska dhulgariirradii 2008]]
* [[Liiska dhulgariirradii Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Liiska dhulgariirradii DR. Kongo]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=NGDC&gt;{{citation|title=Kaydka Xogta Dhulgariirrada Muhiimka ah|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&amp;s=1&amp;d=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929000601/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&amp;s=1&amp;d=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 29, 2006|author=Xarunta Xogta Juqraafiyeed ee Qaranka / Adeegga Xogta Adduunka (NGDC/WDS)|publisher=[[Xarunta Xogta Juqraafiyeed ee Qaranka]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K|year=1972|type=Data Set}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000fy21#executive M 5.9 – Gobolka Harada Kivu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo] – [[United States Geological Survey]]
* [https://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSL0319545020080203 Ugu yaraan 21 qof ayaa ku dhintay dhulgariirkii Rwanda] – [[Reuters]]
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    <title>Harada Uniamési</title>
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| name               = Harada Uniamési
| other_name         = 
| image              = 
| alt                = 
| pushpin_map             = Africa
| caption            = 
| image_bathymetry   = 
| alt_bathymetry     = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location           = Bariga Dhexe ee Afrika
| coords             = {{coord|6|S|27|E|dim:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| type               = 
| inflow             = 
| outflow            = [[Webiga Benue|Benue]], [[Webiga Kongo|Kongo]], [[Niil]], [[Zambezi]]
| reference          =
}}
'''Harada Uniamési''' ama '''Badda Uniamesi''' waxay ahayd magac ay bixiyeen dadka wacdiga faafiya (missionaries) qarnigii 1840-meeyadii iyo 1850-meeyadii, loona bixiyay harad aad u weyn ama bad gudaha ah oo la moodayay inay ku taal gobol ka tirsan Bariga Dhexe ee Afrika oo wata magacaas.

Saddex qof oo wacdiyaal ah, kuwaas oo ku koobnaa xeebta, ayaa maqlay gobolka [[Unyamwezi]] oo ku yaalla waqooyi-galbeed ee waxa hadda loo yaqaan Tansaaniya, waxayna buunbuuniyeen cabirkeeda si ay ugu daraan qayb weyn oo ka mid ah gudaha qaaradda. Waxay maqleen harad weyn, waxayna maleeyeen harad baaxad leh oo noqon doonta isha ay ka soo burqadaan webiyada [[Webiga Benue|Benue]], [[Niil]], [[Zambezi]] iyo [[Webiga Kongo|Kongo]]. Waxay sawireen khariidad muujinaysa &quot;Harada Uniamesi&quot; oo aad u weyn taas oo la daabacay 1855. Khariidaddu waxay dhiirigelisay safarkii [[Richard Francis Burton|Burton]] iyo [[John Hanning Speke|Speke]] si ay u baaraan gobolka [[African Great Lakes|Harada Waaweyn ee Afrika]], halkaas oo ay ka ogaadeen in haradaha [[Lake Victoria|Victoria]], [[Lake Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] iyo [[Lake Malawi|Nyasa]] ay ahaayeen xubno biyo ah oo kala madax bannaan. Ma ahayn ilaa 1877 markii la xaqiijiyay in haradahani ay quudiyaan webiyada Niil, Kongo iyo Zambezi, inkasta oo ay kala gooni yihiin.

==Taariikhda==
[[File:Deutsch Ostafrika.PNG|thumb|Bariga Afrika ee Jarmalka sanadkii 1894, oo muujinaya haradaha Nyasa, Tanganyika iyo Victoria. &quot;Unjamwesi&quot; waxay ku taal xagga hoose ee &quot;D&quot; ee &quot;Deutsch Ostafrika&quot;]]
Harada Waaweyn ee Bariga Afrika waxaa ka mid ah haradaha [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Albert]], [[Lake Edward|Edward]], [[Lake Kivu|Kivu]] iyo [[Lake Tanganyika|Tanganyika]], kuwaas oo dhammaantood ku yaalla laanta galbeed ama [[Albertine Rift|Albertine]] ee nidaamka [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]], [[Lake Victoria]] oo ku taal bariga silsiladdan iyo Harada Nyasa ([[Lake Malawi|Malawi]]) oo ku taal koonfurta. Harada Victoria waa harada saddexaad ee ugu weyn adduunka, waxayna ku taal madal ku taal inta u dhexeysa dooxooyinka galbeed iyo bari. Si ka duwan haradaha dhaadheer, cidhiidhiga ah iyo qotada dheer ee rift-ka, Harada Victoria waa mid ballaaran oo qoto dheerideedu aad u hooseyso.{{sfn|Griffiths|2013|p=3}}

[[Bantu peoples|Qowmiyadaha Bantu]] waxay u soo guureen gobolka u dhexeeya Harada Waaweyn iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]] waqti ka dib 1000 BC waxayna dhex galeen dadkii deegaanka.{{sfn|Taylor|1963|p=4}} Qarnigii koowaad AD markab ka yimid jasiiradda Carabta ayaa ka ganacsanayay xeebta Bariga Afrika. [[Arab people|Carab]] muslimiin ah oo ka yimid [[Oman]] ayaa bilaabay inay gumaystaan xeebta qarnigii 8-aad AD.{{sfn|Taylor|1963|p=5}} Dadka Bantu ee xeebta ayaa guursaday Carabta si ay u sameeyaan [[Swahili people|dadka Sawaaxiliga]], oo leh luqad isku darka walxaha Bantu, Carabi iyo Beershiya.{{sfn|Taylor|1963|p=6}} Dhaqanka Sawaaxiligu wuxuu ku daray dhinacyo badan oo Carabi iyo Islaami ah, isagoo weli ahaanaya asal ahaan Bantu.{{sfn|Fyle|1999|p=46}}

Gobolka [[Unyamwezi]] wuxuu ku yaallaa hareeraha magaalada casriga ah ee [[Tabora]], oo u dhexeysa xeebta iyo Harada Tanganyika, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay degmooyinka [[Tabora Urban District|Tabora]], [[Nzega District|Nzega]] iyo [[Kahama District|Kahama]] ee madal-galbeedka [[Tanzania|Tansaaniya]] casriga ah. Qarnigii 19-aad dadka deegaanka waxaa dadka kale ugu yeeri jireen [[Nyamwezi people]], inkasta oo ereygan uu daboolayay kooxo kala duwan.{{sfn|Jerman|1997|p=111}} 
Unyamwezi waxay ku tiilay meel ay iska galaan waddo ganacsi oo ka timid xeebta, iyada oo hal laan ay u sii socoto galbeedka ilaa dekedda [[Ujiji]] ee Harada Tanganyika halka laan kale ay u horseedday waqooyiga ilaa boqortooyooyinka [[Buganda]] iyo [[Bunyoro]].{{sfn|Fage|Flint|Oliver|1976|p=277}}
Ganacsatada xeebta ayaa degay Unyamwezi, qaarkoodna waxay wateen boqollaal dad ah oo si wanaagsan u hubaysan.{{sfn|Fage|Flint|Oliver|1976|p=316}}
Nyamwezi waxay bixiyeen inta badan dadka qaada rararka ee qafilayay dadka Carbeed ee xeebta iyo [[Swahili people|Sawaaxiliga]], 
sidoo kale waxay maamulayeen rarahooda.{{sfn|Fage|Flint|Oliver|1976|p=285}} Nyamwezi waxay ahaayeen ganacsato fogaan-socod ah oo ku baahsan Bariga Afrika.{{sfn|Jerman|1997|p=111}}

Fool-maroodiga si ballaaran ugama aysan isticmaalin Nyamwezi, laakiin waqti ka mid ah waxay ogaadeen inuu jiro suuq dibadda ah oo badeecadaas ah, waxayna bilaabeen inay u qaadaan fool-maroodiga jidka ka yimaada Tabora ilaa xeebta Badweynta Hindiya ee ka soo horjeeda Zanzibar. Waxaa jira diiwaanno ku saabsan Suldaan [[Sayyid Said]] oo ka tirsan [[Zanzibar]] oo la gorgortamaya ergooyin ka socda Unyamwezi sanadkii 1839 si ay u helaan waddo ammaan ah oo loo maro qafilka gudaha.{{sfn|Jerman|1997|p=112}}
Nyamwezi ma aysan iibin dadkooda sidii addoomo, maadaama ay u baahnaayeen awood shaqaale oo loogu talagalay [[ivory trade|ganacsiga fool-maroodiga]], laakiin ka dib 1850-meeyadii ganacsiga addoonta ayaa bilaabay inuu noqdo mid muhiim ah. Addoomada laga keenay [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Kongo]] ama gobolka Harada Waaweyn ayaa lagu hayn jiray Tabora, ka dibna loo diri jiray xeebta kooxo yaryar si loogu sii dhoofiyo.{{sfn|Fage|Flint|Oliver|1976|p=300}}

==Xiriirradii hore ee Yurub==
[[File:Johann Ludwig Krapf.jpg|[[Johann Ludwig Krapf]]|thumb]]
Horraantii 1844 Suldaan Sayyid Said wuxuu oggolaansho siiyay wacdigii Jarmalka [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] (1810–1881) inuu xarun wacdi ku aasaaso xeebta. Krapf wuxuu gaaray [[Mombasa]] 13 Maarso 1844.{{sfn|Bursik|2008|p=36}} Waxaa ku soo biiray 1846 [[Johannes Rebmann]] (1820–1876). 12 Nofembar 1848 Rebmann wuxuu bilaabay safar uu ku galay gudaha. ''Church Missionary Intelligencer'' ayaa soo weriyay in, &quot;Ujeeddada ugu dambeysa, ee wacdiyaashayadu ay damacsanaayeen, waxay ahayd inay gaaraan Uniamési, oo ah dalka gudaha ah halkaas oo waddooyinka Bariga Afrika iyo Galbeedka Afrika ay ku kala qaybsamaan.&quot;{{sfn|Church Missionary Intelligencer 1850|p=106}} Uniamési waxaa la sheegay inay ku taallay qiyaastii 150 ilaa 200 saacadood galbeedka boqortooyada [[Chagga]], taas oo ku taallay jiirarka [[Mount Kilimanjaro|Buurta Kilimanjaro]].{{sfn|Church Missionary Intelligencer 1850|p=107}}

10 Juun 1849 [[Jakob Erhardt]] (1823–1901) iyo John Wagner waxay gaareen xaruntii wacdiga ee [[Rabbai Mpia]] oo u dhow [[Mombasa]]. Wagner wuxuu dhintay 1 Agoosto 1849. Gu'gii 1850 Erhardt iyo Krapf waxay ku safreen [[dhow|doon]] iyagoo sii maraya xeebta Bariga Afrika ee ka timid Mombasa.{{sfn|Bursik|2008|p=45}} Safarkii ay ku kulmeen ganacsato ka yimid Unyamwezi. Krapf wuxuu qoray in rarahii saddex ilaa afar kun oo nin oo ka yimid Unyamwezi ay ku imaan doonaan xeebta Diseembar ka dib safar saddex bilood ah, waxayna bixi doonaan safarka soo noqoshada Maarso ama Abriil.{{sfn|Jerman|1997|p=114}} Carabta [[Zanzibar]] waxay u colaadiyeen Yurubiyiinta gaaraya Unyamwezi. 1847 waxay u diyaariyeen Washenzi inay dilaan ganacsade Faransiis ah, Mr. Maison, oo ku sii jeeday gudaha.{{efn|&quot;Washenzi&quot; wuxuu ahaa erey meel-ka-dhac ah oo ay isticmaali jireen Carabta xeebta dadka gudaha oo ku guuldareystay inay qaataan wax walba oo dhaqanka Carabta ah. Waxay ka dhiganayd &quot;baxar naxariis daran&quot;.{{sfn|Mbogoni|2012|p=167}} }}{{sfn|Church Missionary Intelligencer 1850|pp=112–113}}

Wacdiyaashu waxay ku degdegayeen inay wax badan ka ogaadaan &quot;dalka weyn ee dhexe ee Uniamési, halkaas oo ay ku kulmaan webiyada waaweyn ee leh afafkooda xeebaha galbeed iyo bari... oo taas, sida ay tahay fikradda dadka deegaanka, ay tahay meel looga baxo afarta qaybood ee adduunka.&quot; Waxay u muuqatay &quot;shaki la'aan in dadka deegaanka ee dalkan dhexe ay la ganacsadaan galbeedka iyo sidoo kale xeebta bari.&quot;{{sfn|Church Missionary Intelligencer 1850|pp=392–393}} 1850 Krapf wuxuu qayliyay in, &quot;Haddii aan haysanno hab dhaqaale oo ku filan oo aan ku amro, oo haddii aysan ahayn waajibkeenna sharciga ah inaan hoos-geyno dhammaan ujeedooyinka sareyso ujeeddadeenna ugu weyn, oo ka kooban wacdiga Injiilka, khariidadda Bariga Afrika waxay dhawaan xiran doontaa muuqaal kale.&quot;{{sfn|Church Missionary Intelligencer 1850|p=128}}

Krapf wuxuu qoray, &quot;Waxaan dhawaan akhrinay warqad ka dhigaysa harada Niassa iyo tan Uniamesi inay u muuqdaan hal iyo isku mug biyo ah... maamullada kale ee maxalliga ah waxaan ogahay ugu yaraan in dadka deegaanka ay si cad u kala saaraan haradaha Niassa iyo Uniamesi. Laakiin maadaama aan ka dhigtay xeer aan ku aamini waayo dhammaan warbixinnada deegaanka, ilaa ay ka xaqiijiyaan indha-indheyn shakhsiyeed, ma oran doono wax kale oo ku saabsan qodobkan.&quot;{{sfn|Church Missionary Intelligencer 1850|p=128}} Later sanadkaas ''Church missionary intelligencer'' waxay daabaceen xisaab uu Krapf ka bixiyay safar uu ku tagay [[Ukambani]]{{efn|Ukambani waa gobol qallalan oo ka mid ah Kenya maanta, gudaha Mombasa iyo bari ka xigta [[Nairobi]].{{sfn|BMMK appeals... 2010}} }} oo uu sameeyay Nofembar iyo Diseembar 1849. Wuxuu saadaaliyay in [[Webiga Niger|Niger]] iyo wabi-hoosaadkeeda Tshadda ([[Webiga Benue|Benue]]), [[Webiga Kongo|Kongo]], [[Niil]] iyo Kilimani ([[Quelimane]] – oo u dhow afka [[Zambezi]]) ay dhammaantood bixin doonaan marin loo maro bartamaha Afrika.{{sfn|Church Missionary Intelligencer 1850|p=450}}

Uniamési waxaa loo malaynayay inay ku jirto harad weyn. Krapf wuxuu yiri, 
{{blockquote|&quot;Isha dhammaan webiyadan waaweyn kama fogaadaan midba midka kale sida aqoonteena juqraafiyeed ee hadda ay naga dhigi doonto inaan rumaysanno... Xaqiiqdii waa, in qofkii gaara ilaha Niilka uu yeelan doono fursad ka badan tan suurtogalka ah ee uu ku gaari karo ilaha Tshadda, ee Kongo, iyo ee Kilimani. Dhammaantood waxay u janjeeraan dhanka dhulbaraha—dhanka dalka ballaaran ee Uniamési, iyo dhulalka ku hareeraysan Uniamési, oo loo rogi karo tarjumaadda &quot;Hantida Dayaxa&quot; ... Waxaan ... si fudud u xusi doonaa, in Tshadda, Kongo, Niil, iyo webiyada Kilimani, midkoodna ka soo jeeda harada weyn ee Uniamési, ama aad ugu dhow haradaas...&quot;{{sfn|Krapf|1852|p=456}} }}

==Khariidadda Erhardt==
[[File:The Sea of Uniamesi - Erhardt and Rehman.png|thumb|Khariidadda Erhard iyo Reibmann ee Badda Uniamesi sida lagu daabacay ''Proceedings'' ee Ururka Juqraafiyeedka Boqortooyada]]
[[File:Slug map.jpg|thumb|Khariidadda ''Lac d'Uniamési'' ee uu qoray [[Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun]] taariikhdeedu tahay Juun 1856, oo ku salaysan sawirka Erhard iyo Reibmann iyo khariidad uu qoray [[August Heinrich Petermann]] ]]
[[File:Johann-jakob-ehrhardt.jpg|[[Jakob Erhardt]]|thumb|163px]]
Jakob Erhardt wuxuu lix bilood ku qaatay [[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]] isagoo baranaya [[Kisambara language|luqadda Kisambara]], halkaas oo uu ka maqlay sheekooyinka ganacsatada fool-maroodiga ee soo booqday gudaha.{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=486}} Sida uu qabo Rebmann, oo xisaabtiisa lagu daabacay xusuus-qorkii Krapf,
{{blockquote|Waxay u mataleen isaga in Badda Uniamesi ay ahayd si fudud sii wadidda Harada Niassa, tan dambe, sida ay qabaan, waxay u sii jeeddaa dhanka galbeed ka timid jihada woqooyi, ka dibna ay ku faafayso xitaa baaxad ka weyn tii hore, si ay ugu dhowaato buuraha mara bartamaha qaaradda, oo ay sameeyaan caqabad aad muhiim u ah oo aan la geli karin iyo biyo-qabato. Dhinaca waqooyi ee caqabadan waxay ka kooban tahay ilaha Niilka, ee Harada Tsad, iyo ee webiga Chadda, halka dhinaca koonfureed ay u dirto biyaha qayb ahaan Badweynta Atlantic, iyadoo loo marayo webiga Kongo ama Zaire, qayb ahaan Badweynta Hindiya iyadoo loo marayo Jub, Dana iyo Osi, iyo sidoo kale, sida aan u malaynayo mid aad u macquul ah, harada weyn ee gudaha lafteeda.{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=486}} }}

Erhardt waxaa la dhacay xaqiiqda ah in dadka safarka ah ee kala duwan oo u socday gudaha dhibco kala duwan oo xeebta bari ee Afrika ay dhammaantood u yimaadeen bad gudaha ah, waxayna sameeyeen khariidad ku salaysan macluumaadka la heli karo, oo ay ku jiraan natiijooyinkii Krapf iyo Rebmann. 
Nofembar 1854 intii uu ka hadlayay dhibaatada Rebmann, &quot;hal iyo isku mar, dhibaatadu waxay ku iftiimisay labadayadaba xal loo helay mala-awaal fudud oo ah in halka mala-awaalka juqraafiyeed uu ilaa hadda u malaynayay dhul-buureed weyn, waa inaan hadda raadinnaa doox weyn iyo bad gudaha ah.&quot;{{sfn|Godsall|2008|p=147}} Khariidadda uu isaga iyo Rebmann sawireen saddexda haradood waxaa lagu muujiyay hal harad oo aad u weyn oo S-qaab ah.{{sfn|Bursik|2008|p=76}}

1855 Erhardt waxaa lagu soo celiyay sababtoo ah caafimaad darro, wuxuuna qaatay khariidadda isaga.{{sfn|Heldring|2011|p=68}}
Rebmann wuxuu warqado u qoray ''Calwer Missionary Intelligencer (Calwer Missionsblatt)'', oo la helay oo la daabacay 1855, halkaas oo uu ugu yeeray harada Uniamesi ama Ukerewe.{{efn|Harada Ukerewe waa magac kale oo loo bixiyay Lake Victoria Nyanza. Sida uu qabo Burton magacu wuxuu ka yimid [[Ukerewe Island]].{{sfn|Burton|1860|p=214}} }} Wuxuu sheegay in sida ay qabaan xisaabaadka ganacsatada, loo tixgeliyay inay yihiin kuwo lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ay wacdiyaashu yihiin, haradu waxay ku fidayeen laga bilaabo loolka 0.5°N ilaa 13.5°S iyo laga bilaabo dhigga 23.5°E ilaa 36°E, waxayna lahayd aag dhan 13,600 mayl laba jibaaran oo Jarmal ah, marka loo barbar dhigo 7,860 mayl laba jibaaran oo Jarmal ah oo loogu talagalay Badda Madow iyo 7,400 ee Caspian.{{sfn|The Lake Region in Central Africa 1862|p=17}}
Khariidadda waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu daabacay ''Calwer Missionsblatt'' ka dib 1855, ka dibna ''Church Missionary intelligencer'' 1856.{{sfn|Heldring|2011|p=68}} [[August Heinrich Petermann]] wuxuu daabacay khariidadda ''Mittheilungen''-kiisa, laakiin wuxuu ka digay in wacdiyaashu laga yaabo inaysan si ku filan u xisaabin buunbuuninta ay sheegeen kuwa warbixinnada bixiyay. Wuxuu bixiyay sawir dheeraad ah oo muujinaya harada oo fidsan laga bilaabo 7°S ilaa 12°S iyo 22.5°E ilaa 30.5°E, meel saddex meelood meel ka mid ah cabirka lagu qiyaasay Rebmann.{{sfn|The Lake Region in Central Africa 1862|p=18}}

Khariidadda waxaa lagu soo celiyay faallooyin daabacaadyo kale.{{sfn|Cooley|Petermann|1856}} [[Ferdinand de Lesseps]] wuxuu arkay nooc qalin-iyo-kalluun ah oo khariidadda ah oo uu sameeyay &quot;Mr. Rehman of Moubar, on the Zanguebar coast.&quot; Warqad uu qoray Abriil 1857 oo ku socotay ''[[Académie des Sciences]]'' ee Paris wuxuu ku faallooday in badda gudaha ay ka weynaan doonto [[Badda Madow]]. Wuxuu yiri, &quot;Joogitaanka baddan waxaa ii xaqiijiyay intii aan joogay [[Khartoum]] qof xaj ah oo ka yimid Mecca, kaas oo deggan Afrikata Dhexe, oo siiyay Mahmoud Pasha, mid ka mid ah wasiirrada Viceroy, faahfaahin u dhiganta khariidadda Mr. Rehman. Qofkan xajka ah wuxuu ku daray inuu arkay maraakiib ka waaweyn kuwa ''Uniamesi'' kuwaas oo uu ku dhoofay Badda Cas.&quot;{{sfn|Lesseps|1888|p=42}}

Warbixinnada barafka ee ku yaalla buuraha [[Mount Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] iyo [[Mount Kenya|Kenya]], oo u dhow dhulbaraha, ayaa sababay muran aad u weyn.{{sfn|Newman|2009|p=64}} Sir [[Francis Galton]], oo ku guuleystay billad dahab ah ee [[Royal Geographical Society]] 1853 sahamintiisii koonfur-galbeed Afrika, wuxuu lahaa khariidadda Erhardt oo lagu daabacay ''Proceedings''-ka ururka. Galton waxaa lagu cadaadiyay inuu u safro Afrika si uu u xaqiijiyo warbixinta ku saabsan Buurta Kilimanjaro. Wuu diiday iyada oo ku saleysan in uusan weli si buuxda u soo ceshan caafimaadkiisii ka dib safarkiisii hore.{{sfn|Wright|2001|p=110}} Taa beddelkeeda, Ururka Juqraafiyeedka Boqortooyada wuxuu ku qanciyay dawladda Ingiriiska inay bixiso £1,000 safar ay sameeyaan [[Richard Francis Burton]] iyo [[John Hanning Speke]] si ay u baaraan harada weyn, ama haradaha, oo ay go'aamiyaan inay yihiin isha Niilka.{{sfn|Wright|2001|p=110}} Khariidadda waxaa loo yaqaanay &quot;khariidadda slug&quot; laga soo bilaabo qaabka badda gudaha ee Uniamesi ama Niassa. Burton wuxuu ugu yeeray Khariidadda Mombas Mission.{{sfn|Newman|2009|p=64}}

==Sahamin==
[[File:Johannes rebmann.gif|[[Johannes Rebmann]]|thumb]]
Burton iyo Speke waxay gaareen Zanzibar 20 Diseembar 1857, waxay booqdeen Rebmann xaruntiisa wacdiga ee Kisuludini, waxayna booqdeen Fuga, caasimadda boqortooyada [[Usambare]].{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=xxvii}} Burton wuxuu la kulmay boqor [[Kimweri ye Nyumbai]], oo mar ahaan jiray dagaalyahan awood badan oo xakameyn jiray waddooyinka ganacsiga ee gudaha laakiin hadda aad u gaboobay.{{sfn|Briggs|McIntyre|2013|p=175}} Waxay u dhoofeen gudaha 26 Juun 1858. Ka dib markii ay u safreen waddan buuraley ah waxay gaareen madal gudaha ah ee Uniamesi. Xarunta ganacsiga Carabta ee Kazeh (hadda [[Tabora]]) waxay ku qoreen kor u kac dhan {{convert|3400|ft}}.{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=xxviii}}

Kazeh Burton iyo Speke waxay ka heleen dad isku dhafan oo Nyamwezi, Tutsi iyo Carab ah oo ku hawlan dhaqashada xoolaha iyo beerista cuntooyinka sida bariiska, kassava, pawpaw iyo liin. Burton wuxuu ugu yeeray Unyamwezi beerta Afrika ee u dhexeysa kuleylaha.{{sfn|Fage|Flint|Oliver|1976|p=297}}
Dhulku wuxuu ka soo hoobtay halkaas ilaa Harada Takanyika [sic], ama Uniamesi, oo ay gaareen 3 Maarso 1849 halkaas oo ay ku qoreen kor u kac dhan {{convert|1843|ft}}.{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=xxviii}}{{efn|Harada Tanganyika waxay leedahay kor u kac dusha sare oo ah {{convert|2536|ft}} halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd {{convert|1843|ft}} oo uu qoray Burton iyo Speke.}}

Burton iyo Speke waxay ogaadeen in haradu ay ku fidayeen qiyaastii {{convert|300|mi}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Ujiji]], halkaas oo ay ku xireen silsilad buur ah oo u qaabaysan cursad.{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=xxviii}} Waxaa u sheegay dadka deegaanka in haradu ay gaartay ilaa loolka 8° koonfur. Later [[David Livingstone]] waxaa la siiyay macluumaad joogto ah oo uu bixiyay ganacsade Carbeed oo ku wareegay koonfurta harada, iyo qof safar ah oo Sawaaxili ah ayaa sidoo kale xaqiijiyay in &quot;Taganyika&quot; aysan ku xirnayn Niassa oo koonfurta ah.{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=xxviii}}
Burton iyo Speke waxay ku soo noqdeen Kazeh, halkaas oo Burton lagu qasbay inuu nastaan halka Speke uu u safray waqooyiga si uu u sahamiyo [[Lake Victoria|Harada Victoria]] (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Lake Ukerewe), isagoo gaaray 3 Agoosto 1849. Speke wuxuu qoray kor u kac dhan {{convert|3788|ft}}{{efn|Harada Victoria waxay leedahay kor u kac dusha sare oo ah {{convert|3717|ft}}, oo u dhow cabbirka Speke ee {{convert|3788|ft}}.}} waxaana loo sheegay in wabi uu ka tagay waqooyiga harada oo uu ku qulqulay Niilka.{{sfn|Krapf|Ravenstein|1860|p=xxix}}

Waxaa jiray muran joogto ah oo ku saabsan Harada Waaweyn iyo webiyada quudiyay oo ka daadiyay iyaga. Speke wuxuu sameeyay safar dheer oo uu la sameeyay [[James Augustus Grant]] inta u dhaxaysa Oktoobar 1860 iyo Febraayo 1863, isagoo ka safraya xeebta ka soo horjeeda Zanzibar iyada oo loo marayo Tabora iyo Uganda ilaa Khartoum.{{sfn|Kokwaro|1994|p=3}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, su'aasha ah in Niilka uu ka soo baxay Harada Victoria ayaa looga tagay mid aan la hubin.{{sfn|Kalb|2001|p=288}}
1866–73 [[David Livingstone]] wuxuu ka tagay xeebta [[Pemba, Mozambique|Pemba]], wuxuu raacay [[Ruvuma River|Wabiga Ruvuma]] gudaha wuxuuna u lugeeyay koonfurta Harada Nyasa, taas oo uu ku wareegay dhanka galbeed. Wuxuu markaas u safray waqooyiga Harada Tanganyika.{{sfn|Moorehead|2000|p=98}} Ka dib sahamin dheer oo ku saabsan dalka koonfur-galbeed ee Harada Tanganyika, caafimaadkiisa oo jabay Livingstone wuxuu gaaray Ujiji oo ku taal bari ee Harada Tanganyika, halkaas oo uu ku yeeshay kulankiisii caanka ahaa ee [[Henry Morton Stanley]] 10 Nofembar 1871.{{sfn|Moorehead|2000|p=114-117}}

[[Verney Lovett Cameron]] waxaa loo diray 1873 si uu u caawiyo David Livingstone. Shortly ka dib markii uu ka tagay Zanzibar wuxuu bartay in Livingstone uu dhintay, laakiin wuxuu sii waday Ujiji. Wuxuu ku wareegay Harada Tanganyika wuxuuna ogaaday inay lahayd meel ay ka baxdo dhanka galbeed, isagoo ku quudinaya wabi-hoosaad ka tirsan Wabiga Kongo. Cameron wuxuu u sii gudbay Atlantic-ga, wuxuuna noqday mid ka mid ah Yurubiyiintii ugu horreysay ee sameeya ka gudubka bari-galbeed ee Afrikata Dhexe.{{sfn|Koivunen|2008|p=216}} Ma ahayn ilaa Stanley uu ku wareegay Harada Victoria 1874–1875 in la xaqiijiyay in haradu ay ahayd isha Niilka Cad.{{sfn|Kalb|2001|p=288}} Stanley oo ku soo laabtay Zanzibar 1877 su'aalihii ugu dambeeyay ee waaweyn ee ku hareeraysan dheecaanka Harada Waaweyn ayaa la xaliyay.{{sfn|Moorehead|2000|p=139}} Krapf wuxuu qiyaasay inay jirtay hal harad weyn oo quudinaysa Kongo, Zambezi, Niil iyo Benue. Waxaa soo baxay inay jireen saddex haradood oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo quudinaya Kongo, Zambezi iyo Niil.

==Tixraacyo==
'''Qoraallo'''
{{notes}}
'''Xigashooyin'''
{{reflist |colwidth=30em}}
'''Isha'''
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*{{cite book|access-date=2013-09-11
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*{{cite book|ref={{harvid|The Lake Region in Central Africa 1862}}|access-date=2013-09-11
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{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uniamesi}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Gobolka Harooyinka Weyn</title>
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      <text bytes="3107" sha1="ri3pqnwr3ifbmcn4hnyff8576zv1j5r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox geopolitical organization
| name                     = Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Gobolka harooyinka waaweyn
| native_name              = {{native name|sw|Jumuiya ya Nchi za Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|fr|Conférence Internationale sur la Région des Grands Lacs}}
| linking_name             = International Conference on the Great Lakes Region
| image_symbol             = Logo of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region.svg
| symbol_width             = 150px
| image_map                = International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (orthographic projection).png
| map_width                = 220px
| map_caption              = {{legend|#275A24|Dalalka xubnaha ka ah}} {{legend|#69CAE1|Xubnaha la xulay}}
| org_type                 = [[Urur dawladeed]]
| membership               = 12 waddan oo xubno ah &lt;br&gt; 7 xubnood oo la xulay
| admin_center             = [[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]]
| leader_title1            = Guddoomiyaha
| leader_name1             = [[Félix Tshisekedi]]
| leader_title2            = Xoghayaha Fulinta
| leader_name2             = [[Mubita Luwabelwa]]
| established              = 2008
| established_event1       = Heshiiska Amniga, Xasiloonida iyo Horumarinta
| established_date1        = 2006
| official_website         = {{URL|icglr.org}}
}}

'''Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Gobolka Harooyinka Waaweyn (ICGLR)''', (Af-Faransiis: ''Conférence Internationale sur la Région des Grands Lacs (CIRGL)''), waa [[urur dawladeed]] ay ku mideysan yihiin dalalka Afrika ee ku yaalla [[Gobolka Harooyinka Waaweyn ee Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://icglr.org/spip.php?article1 |title= Taariikhda ICGLR |website= icglr.org |accessdate= 8 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xubinnimada ==
Ururku wuxuu ka kooban yahay xubnaha soo socda:
* {{AGO}} 
* {{BDI}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{COG}}
* {{COD}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SDN}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{TZA}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}

=== Xubnaha la xulay (Co-opted members) ===
* {{BWA}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{ZWE}}

== Hoggaanka ==
=== Guddoomiyaha ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Waddanka !! Magaca !! Muddada
|-
| {{TZA}} || [[Benjamin Mkapa]] || 2004–2005
|-
| {{TZA}} || [[Jakaya Kikwete]] || 2005–2006
|-
| {{KEN}} || [[Mwai Kibaki]] || 2006–2009
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[Rupiah Banda]] || 2010–2011
|-
| {{ZMB}} || [[Michael Sata]] || 2011
|-
| {{UGA}} || [[Yoweri Museveni]] || 2011–2013
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[José Eduardo dos Santos]] || 2013–2017
|-
| {{COG}} || [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] || 2017–2022
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[João Lourenço]] || 2020–2025
|-
| {{COD}} || [[Félix Tshisekedi]] || 2025–maanta
|}

=== Xoghayaha Fulinta ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Waddanka !! Magaca !! Muddada
|-
| {{TZA}} || [[Liberata Mulamula]] || 2006–2011
|-
| {{COD}} || [[Ntumba Luaba]] || 2011–2016
|-
| {{KEN}} || [[Zachary Muburi-Muita]] || 2016–2020
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[João Caholo]] || 2020–2025
|-
| {{ZMB}} || [[Mubita Luwabelwa]] || 2025–maanta
|}

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Ururka Bulshada Bariga Afrika]]

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriiriye dibadeed ==
* {{Official website}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3104" sha1="k4fd1mibugvzwveejjj7myrbf0hq1gq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox geopolitical organization
| name                     = Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Gobolka harooyinka waaweyn
| native_name              = {{native name|sw|Jumuiya ya Nchi za Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|fr|Conférence Internationale sur la Région des Grands Lacs}}
| linking_name             = International Conference on the Great Lakes Region
| image_symbol             = Logo of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region.svg
| symbol_width             = 150px
| image_map                = International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (orthographic projection).png
| map_width                = 220px
| map_caption              = {{legend|#275A24|Dalalka xubnaha ka ah}} {{legend|#69CAE1|Xubnaha la xulay}}
| org_type                 = [[Urur dawladeed]]
| membership               = 12 waddan oo xubno ah &lt;br&gt; 7 xubnood oo la xulay
| admin_center             = [[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]]
| leader_title1            = Guddoomiyaha
| leader_name1             = [[Félix Tshisekedi]]
| leader_title2            = Xoghayaha Fulinta
| leader_name2             = [[Mubita Luwabelwa]]
| established              = 2008
| established_event1       = Heshiiska Amniga, Xasiloonida iyo Horumarinta
| established_date1        = 2006
| official_website         = {{URL|icglr.org}}
}}

'''Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Gobolka Harooyinka Waaweyn (ICGLR)''', ({{langx|fr| Conférence Internationale sur la Région des Grands Lacs (CIRGL) }}), waa [[urur dawladeed]] ay ku mideysan yihiin dalalka Afrika ee ku yaalla [[Gobolka Harooyinka Waaweyn ee Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://icglr.org/spip.php?article1 |title= Taariikhda ICGLR |website= icglr.org |accessdate= 8 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Xubinnimada ==
Ururku wuxuu ka kooban yahay xubnaha soo socda:
* {{AGO}} 
* {{BDI}}
* {{CAF}}
* {{COG}}
* {{COD}}
* {{KEN}}
* {{RWA}}
* {{SDN}}
* {{SSD}}
* {{TZA}}
* {{UGA}}
* {{ZMB}}

=== Xubnaha la xulay (Co-opted members) ===
* {{BWA}}
* {{EGY}}
* {{ETH}}
* {{MWI}}
* {{MOZ}}
* {{NAM}}
* {{ZWE}}

== Hoggaanka ==
=== Guddoomiyaha ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Waddanka !! Magaca !! Muddada
|-
| {{TZA}} || [[Benjamin Mkapa]] || 2004–2005
|-
| {{TZA}} || [[Jakaya Kikwete]] || 2005–2006
|-
| {{KEN}} || [[Mwai Kibaki]] || 2006–2009
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[Rupiah Banda]] || 2010–2011
|-
| {{ZMB}} || [[Michael Sata]] || 2011
|-
| {{UGA}} || [[Yoweri Museveni]] || 2011–2013
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[José Eduardo dos Santos]] || 2013–2017
|-
| {{COG}} || [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] || 2017–2022
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[João Lourenço]] || 2020–2025
|-
| {{COD}} || [[Félix Tshisekedi]] || 2025–maanta
|}

=== Xoghayaha Fulinta ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Waddanka !! Magaca !! Muddada
|-
| {{TZA}} || [[Liberata Mulamula]] || 2006–2011
|-
| {{COD}} || [[Ntumba Luaba]] || 2011–2016
|-
| {{KEN}} || [[Zachary Muburi-Muita]] || 2016–2020
|-
| {{AGO}} || [[João Caholo]] || 2020–2025
|-
| {{ZMB}} || [[Mubita Luwabelwa]] || 2025–maanta
|}

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
* [[Ururka Bulshada Bariga Afrika]]

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriiriye dibadeed ==
* {{Official website}}</text>
      <sha1>k4fd1mibugvzwveejjj7myrbf0hq1gq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Calitzdorp</title>
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      <text bytes="8413" sha1="qbsoq63u40llkw3m98exxv2xt0eu4nn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Calitzdorp
| image_skyline           = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 290
| image_style              = border:1;
| perrow                   = 1/2/2
| image1                   = Calitzdorp main.jpg
| image2                   = Calitzdorp Dutch Reformed Church clock tower.JPG
| image3                   = Calitzdorp sign.jpg}}
| image_caption           = '''Saacadda dhinaceeda kore''': Waddada weyn ee Calitzdorp, calaamadda Calitzdorp, Kaniisadda Dutch Reformed ee Calitzdorp.
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Western Cape#South Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|33|32|15|S|21|41|07|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Waddan
| subdivision_name        = [[Koonfur Afrika]]
| subdivision_type1       = Gobol
| subdivision_name1       = [[Western Cape]]
| subdivision_type2       = Degmo
| subdivision_type2       = [[Garden Route District Municipality|Garden Route]]
| subdivision_type3       = Degmada
| subdivision_name3       = [[Kannaland Local Municipality|Kannaland]]
| subdivision_type4       = Meel Weyn
| established_title       = Lagu dhawaaqay
| established_date        = 1909
| leader_title            = Xildhibaan
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/174005 |title = Meel Weyn Calitzdorp |work=Sensaaskii 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 26.33
| elevation_m             = 240
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 4284
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Isku-darka jinsiyadaha (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Madowga Afrika]]
| demographics1_info1     = 4.3%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Midab leh]]
| demographics1_info2     = 85.5%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Hindi]]/[[Asian South African|Aasiyaan]]
| demographics1_info3     = 0.5%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|Caddaan]]
| demographics1_info4     = 8.9%
| demographics1_title5    = Kuwo kale
| demographics1_info5     = 0.8%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language|Luqadaha koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info1     = 94.2%
| demographics2_title2    = [[South African English|Ingiriisi]]
| demographics2_info2     = 3.3%
| demographics2_title3    = 
| demographics2_info3     = 
| demographics2_title4    = 
| demographics2_info4     = 
| demographics2_title5    = Kuwo kale
| demographics2_info5     = 2.5%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Koodhka boostada]] (waddo)
| postal_code             = 6660
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|Sanduuqa boostada]]
| postal2_code            = 6660
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Koodhka aagga]]
| area_code               = 044
}}
'''Calitzdorp''' waa magaalo ku taal dhinaca galbeed ee Little ama Klein [[Karoo]] ee [[Gobolka Western Cape]] ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] waxayna ku taal [[Route 62 (South Africa)|Route 62]] ee Koonfur Afrika.

==Taariikhda==
Dhulkii uu Calitzdorp ku yaallay waxaa markii hore la siiyay Jacobus Johannes iyo Matthys Christian Calitz sanadkii 1821. Waxay beeray u bixiyeen Buffelsvlei, ka dib dhirta maxalliga ah iyo duurjoogta laga helay aagga.&lt;ref name=&quot;H1&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.calitzdorp.co.za/history.htm| title =Taariikhda Calitzdorp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanadkii 1853, walaalaha Calitz waxay ku deeqeen qayb ka mid ah dhulkooda beeraha dhismaha kaniisad. Sanadkii 1858, kaniisaddu waxay bilowday inay iibiso goobo xubnaha kaniisadda.&lt;ref name=&quot;H1&quot;/&gt;

Calitzdorp waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay magaalo sanadkii 1909.&lt;ref name=H2&gt;{{cite conference |last1=Homer |first1=Dudley |last2=Van Wyk |first2=Graham |date=Abriil 1984 |title=Quusasho aamusnaan ah: Saboolnimada Calitzdorp |url=https://opensaldru.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11090/288/1984_horner_ccp36.pdf?sequence=1|conference=Second Carnegie Inquiry into Poverty and Development in Southern Africa |isbn=0 7992 0777 2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1910, dadka magaalada waxay gaareen ilaa 4,000, taas oo abuurtay baahida loo qabo kaniisad iyo dugsi weyn. Labada dhismo ayaa la dhammaystiray sanadkii 1912. Kaniisadda, oo lagu dhisay [[Neo-Byzantine style|qaab Neo-Byzantine]] oo leh saqaf [[Roof tiles#Marseilles tiles|saqaf Marseilles-tiled]]. Waxaa loogu dhawaaqay taallo qaran sanadkii 1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;H1&quot;/&gt;

Dhismaha ayaa sidoo kale bilaabmay 1912 dhismihii hore ee [[Standard Bank]], kaas oo hadda hoy u ah matxafka maxalliga ah, iyo sidoo kale Calitzdorp Dam. Darbiga biyo-xireenka wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horreeyay ee Koonfur Afrika ee lagu dhisay [[concrete|shub]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaaladu waxay markii dambe la kulantay dhibaatooyin dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[droughts|abaaraha]], [[Spanish flu|faafidda weyn ee hargabka]], iyo burburka warshadaha baalasha [[ostrich|goronyo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;H1&quot;/&gt;

Magaaladu waxay sii waday inay horumariso dhismaha khadka [[railway|tareenka]] ilaa [[Oudtshoorn]] sanadkii 1924.&lt;ref name=&quot;H2&quot;/&gt; Tani waxaa ku xigtay [[electrification|korontaynta]] iyo dhammaystirka waddadii ugu horreysay ee [[Road surface#Concrete|waddada shubka ah]] ee u dhaxaysa Calitzdorp iyo Oudtshoorn sanadkii 1937.&lt;ref name=&quot;H1&quot;/&gt; Waddada cusub ee [[R62 (South Africa)|R62]] ayaa la dhammaystiray sanadkii 1978.
==Juqraafiga==
===Topography===
Swartberg (waqooyiga), Rooiberge (koonfurta) iyo Buuraha Huisrivier Pass (galbeedka) waxay ku hareeraysan yihiin muuqaalka adag ee Calitzdorp oo leh fatahaado, abaarro iyo [[extreme weather|cimilada daran]], laga bilaabo mid aad u kulul ilaa meelaha buuraha leh ee barafka leh ee jiilaalka.

===Cimilada===
Xagaaga ayaa aad u kulul inta lagu jiro maalintii, inta badan kuleyl qallalan, ilaa 40 °C. Dabaysha ka timaada badda galab kasta waxay u oggolaanaysaa fiidyo dhexdhexaad ah, qabow. Jiilaalku waxay leeyihiin maalmood qorrax leh, habeenno aad u qabow oo leh dhaxan mararka qaarkood iyo baraf inta badan ku dhaca Silsiladda Buurta Swartberg ee ku hareeraysan. Roobabku waa qiyaastii 200 mm sannadkii, inta badan iyadoo ay isbeddelayso xilliyada. Dabaysha socota waa inta badan koonfurta xagaaga iyo dabayl kulul oo ka timaada Waqooyiga bishii Agoosto.

==Dimoqraadiga==
{{Historical populations
| title= Sensaaskii dadweynaha
| percentages = pagr
| align = none
| cols = 2
| source =&lt;ref name=&quot;H2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| 1904 | 509
| 1911 | 724
| 1921 | 1727
| 1936 | 1993
| 1946 | 1933
| 1951 | 2134
| 1960 | 2299
| 1970 | 2575
| 1980 | 2880
| 2001 | 3188
| 2011 | 4284
}}
==Dalxiiska==
Calitzdorp waa hoy loogu talagalay dadka xiiseeya kalluumeysiga, daawashada shimbiraha, 4×4 iyo waddooyin kale oo muuqaal leh, fardaha iyo [[wine tasting|dhadhaminta khamriga]].

Calitzdorp waxaa loo yaqaanaa xarun ka mid ah warshadaha khamriga dekedda ee Koonfur Afrika oo leh dhowr beerood oo khamri ah oo waaweyn oo caan ku ah alaabtooda abaalmarinta ku guuleystay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boplaas.co.za/|title=Boplaas Family Vineyards Since 1880 &amp;#124; South Africa|website=Boplaas Wines}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://calitzdorpwine.co.za/|title=Calitzdorp Cellar &amp;#124; Taste The Klein Karoo in the heart of Calitzdorp|website=Calitzdorp Cellar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dekrans.co.za/|title=Main Home|website=De Krans Wines}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bandhigga Dekedda ayaa ka dhaca magaalada bartamaha Juun sannad kasta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BANDHIGGA DEKEDDA IYO KHAMRIGA EE CALITZDORP |url=https://www.sa-venues.com/events/westerncape/calitzdorp-port-wine-festival/ |website=sa-venues}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://www.calitzdorp.co.za Macluumaadka Calitzdorp]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120209113042/http://www.tourismcalitzdorp.co.za/ Xafiiska Dalxiiska Calitzdorp]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110526170633/http://www.route62.co.za/route62towns.php?townID=4&amp;image2.x=11&amp;image2.y=5 Waddada 62]

{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chwezi</title>
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      <text bytes="12584" sha1="og1q65361guholzogi8o6fm9eeoy3e3" xml:space="preserve">'''Chwezi''' ama '''Cwezi''' waxay ahaayeen qabiil weyn oo badh-khuraafaad ah oo sameeyay suldaanadii labaad ee talinaysay ee [[Boqortooyada Kitara]] gudaha gobolka [[Harada Waaweyn ee Afrika]]. Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay yihiin ruuxyo awowayaal ah oo ay aaminsan yihiin [[dadka Rutara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3LNzqo5i0IC|title=Taariikhda Guud ee Afrika II: Ilbaxnimooyinkii Hore ee Afrika|date=31 Diseembar 1981 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=978-92-3-101708-7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmdTAAAAYAAJ|title=Asalka Dhaqanka Boqortooyada iyo Astaamaha Gobolka Harada Waaweyn ee Afrika|date=2008 |publisher=Uppsala universitet |isbn=978-91-554-7295-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daraasado cilmiyeed==
===Asalkooda===
John Sutton wuxuu ku tilmaamay ruuxyada Chwezi inay leeyihiin &quot;xidid [[Bantu mythology|Bantu]] oo caadi ah, taas oo soo jeedinaysa in ruux gaar ah ama fikradda ka dambaysa ay yeelan karto taariikh aad uga fog tan boqortooyada iyo xitaa kuwa ka horreeyay.&quot; Okot P’Bitek wuxuu aaminsan yahay in ruuxyada Chwezi ay ka tirsan yihiin xilli, ka hor dhammaan suldaanadaha, &quot;markii ilaahyadu ay ku wareegayeen dhulka oo bini'aadamku ay guursan karayeen.&quot; Dhaqannada afka ah waxay sheegayaan in ruuxyada Chwezi ay naftooda ku reebeen buuraha iyo harooyinka gobolka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3LNzqo5i0IC|title=Taariikhda Guud ee Afrika II: Ilbaxnimooyinkii Hore ee Afrika|date=31 Diseembar 1981 |page=568|publisher=UNESCO |isbn=978-92-3-101708-7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Peter Schmidt wuxuu sheegay in cibaadada ruuxyada Chwezi ay dib ugu noqonayso dadkii ugu horreeyay ee birta dhalaaliya 500 BC, intii lagu jiray xilligii [[Urewe]] ee ka dhex jiray [[Great Lakes Bantu languages|bulshada Proto-Great Lakes Bantu]], wuxuuna ku andacoonayaa in ka saarista dhumayaasha birta ee Chwezi ee awoodda siyaasadeed meelaha sida [[Haya people|Buhaya]] ay sharxi karto mucaaradka go'aansan ee dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha ruuxa Chwezi ee suldaanadii boqortooyada ee xigay iyo ugu dambeyntii awoodaha gumaysiga. Dhaqannada afka ah ee ku saabsan Abacwezi, waxaa inta badan la barbar dhigaa taliyayaashii dambe, sida [[Biito clan]], kuwaas oo mudnaanta siiyay shaqada xoolo-dhaqashada oo soo rogay qaab-dhismeedyo cusub oo darajooyin leh gudahooda, iyagoo dib ugu noqonaya xilligii ka horreeyay Xilligii Guud.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-uIRAQAAIAAJ|title=Diinta iyo iska caabinta: Boqortooyooyinka Bariga Afrika xilligii gumeysiga ka hor|date=1981 |page=32|publisher=Institut national de recherche scientifique }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXAZnnkFJDoC|title=Taariikhda Qadiimiga ah ee Afrika: Matalaadda, Xusuusta Bulshada, iyo Dhaqannada Afka|date=11 Ogosto 2006 |page=119|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |isbn=978-0-7591-0965-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiriirka ruuxyada Chwezi ee qalabka birta ah ee hore iyo sanduuqyada ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa meelaha barakaysan ee dambe ee ruuxyadan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|author=Iris Berger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3LbtAAAAMAAJ
|title=Ilaahyada, Suldaanadaha, iyo Taariikhda Afka: Taariikhda iyo Halyeeyga Abacwezi|encyclopedia=The African Past Speaks: Essays on Oral Tradition and History|page= 76|date=1980 |publisher=Dawson |isbn=978-0-208-01784-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rikLyVCcrvEC|title=Tiknoolajiyada Birta ee Bariga Afrika: Astaanta, Sayniska, iyo Qadiimiga|date=22 Juun 1997 |page=198|publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-21109-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last =Sutton | first =John | date =2009 | title =Ka horreeyayaasha Boqortooyooyinka Interlacustrine | url =https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/antecedents-of-the-interlacustrine-kingdoms/8C87C2A9A023B30C90C3F213488E803A | journal =The Journal of African History | publisher =Cambridge University Press | volume = 34| issue =1| pages = 39, 42| doi =10.1017/S0021853700032990| url-access =subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Xiriirka Bahuma iyo Bachwezi===
Sababo la xiriira cunsuriyadda [[Hamites|Hamitic hypothesis]] (taas oo sheeganaysa in dhammaan bulshooyinka casriga ah ee Afrika ay sabab u yihiin duullaan-qaadayaal Caucasian ah oo qabsaday dadka deegaanka Afrikaan ah oo soo bandhigay ilbaxnimo), waxaa loo maleeyay caddayn la'aan in [[Hima people|Bahima]] (oo lagu magacaabo Bahuma gudaha Kitara) ay ahaayeen Bachwezi kaliya sababtoo ah muuqaalkooda jireed. Kitara [[oral tradition]] waxay kala soocaysaa Bachwezi iyo [[Hima people|Bahuma]] (Bachwezi waxaa la sheegay inay lahaayeen adeegayaal Bahuma) iyo Bahuma laftoodu ma sheeganayaan wax xiriir qoys oo Bachwezi ah. [[Hima people|Bahuma]] waxay ka maqnaayeen muhiimad siyaasadeed oo weyn oo waligood may noqon boqorro Kitara, sida [[Tutsi]] iyo Hima ay ku leeyihiin boqortooyooyinka kale ee Harada Waaweyn ee koonfurta. Taariikhyahanadu waxay dhammaantood ku soo gabagabeeyeen in Bachwezi ay ahaayeen dad Bantu ah oo maxalli ah oo maamula.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat/mode/2up|title= Gobolka Nyoro|date= 1971|page=26,50, 52 and 57|isbn= 978-0-19-823171-4|last1= Beattie|first1= John|publisher= Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HwV2a-lPB70C|title= UNESCO Taariikhda Guud ee Afrika: Afrika laga soo bilaabo Qarnigii Laba iyo Tobnaad ilaa Qarnigii Lix iyo Tobnaad|date= 10 May 1998|page=504|publisher= University of California Press|isbn= 978-0-520-06699-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Halyeeyo==
Suldaanaddii Chwezi waxaa sameeyay Iru (qof caadi ah) lagu magacaabo Karubumbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat/mode/2up|title= Gobolka Nyoro|date= 1971|pages=47|isbn= 978-0-19-823171-4|last1= Beattie|first1= John|publisher= Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caasimaddii ugu horreysay ee suldaanaddii Bachwezi waxay ahayd Mubende. Caasimadda labaad waxaa la sheegay inay ku taal 40 mayl koonfurta [[Bigo bya Mugenyi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4o-OZ5w-BmMC|title=Afrika Dhexe, 1250-1800|date=16 Agoosto 2001 |page=141|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79372-8 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bachwezi waxaa la sheegay inay ahaayeen dhumayaal bir ah oo xirfad leh (boqorro dhumayaal bir ah waa caado caadi ah oo ku taal [[ethnogenesis]] ee bulshooyin badan oo [[Bantu people|Bantu]] ah).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3LbtAAAAMAAJ
|title=The African Past Speaks: Essays on Oral Tradition and History|date=1980 |page=67|publisher=Dawson |isbn=978-0-208-01784-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bachwezi dhexdooda, sagaal ka mid ah ayaa si gaar ah loo yaqaan, dhammaantood waa wiilal ama awoowayaal Isimbwa (sagaal waa tiro gaar ah oo ku taal dhaqanka Nyoro).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat/mode/2up|title= Gobolka Nyoro|date= 1971|pages=50|isbn= 978-0-19-823171-4|last1= Beattie|first1= John|publisher= Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xubnaha qabiilka Chwezi waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin maqaar-fudud (Midabka maqaarka oo huruud ah/casaan ah ayaa si dabiici ah looga heli karaa kooxaha qowmiyadaha Bantu).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat/mode/2up|title= Gobolka Nyoro|date= 1971|pages=25, 50, 52|isbn= 978-0-19-823171-4|last1= Beattie|first1= John|publisher= Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4602345 | jstor=4602345 | title=Midabka Maqaarka iyo Cimilada Afrika Dhexe: Isbarbardhigga Saddex Dadweyne | last1=Hiernaux | first1=Jean | journal=Human Ecology | date=1976 | volume=4 | issue=1 | pages=69–73 | doi=10.1007/BF01531457 | bibcode=1976HumEc...4...69H }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41448679 | jstor=41448679 | last1=Weiner | first1=J. S. | last2=Harrison | first2=G. Ainsworth | last3=Singer | first3=Ronald | last4=Harris | first4=R. | last5=Jopp | first5=W. | title=Midabka Maqaarka ee Koonfurta Afrika | journal=Human Biology | date=1964 | volume=36 | issue=3 | pages=294–307 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Asalkooda===
Suldaanaddii Chwezi waxaa dib loogu raadiyaa Isimbwa, wiilka [[Tembuzi dynasty#Isaza|Isaza]]. Markii Isimbwa koray, waxaa la sheegay in [[Tembuzi dynasty#Nyamiyonga|Nyamiyonga]] uu diyaariyay guur u dhexeeya isaga iyo haweenay ka timid dunida hoose oo la odhan jiray Nyabiryo, waxayna heleen wiil la odhan jiray Kyomya. Ka dib, wuxuu ka tagay dunida hoose wuxuuna bilaabay ugaarsi meelo kala duwan, isagoo ay la socdaan dad kale oo badan. Maalin maalmaha ka mid ah, wuxuu gaaray Kitara, oo markaas uu xukumayay [[Tembuzi dynasty#Bukuku|Bukuku]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Apuuli |first=David Hihumuro |url=https://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0unescoen--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---3-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11----0-0-&amp;a=d&amp;c=unescoen&amp;cl=CL1.10&amp;d=HASHc3697d0c37be5024d365b7.1 |title=Kun Sano oo Boqortooyada Bunyoro-Kitara ah - Dadka iyo Taliyayaasha |publisher=Fountain Publishers |year=1994|chapter=Cutubka Koowaad: Xilligii Pre-Babiito}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nyakatura |first=John W. |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815025917/https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |title=Anatomy of an African Kingdom: Taariikhda Bunyoro-Kitara |publisher=NOK Publishers, Ltd. |year=1973 |isbn=0-88357-025-4 |editor-last=Uzoigwe |editor-first=Godfrey N. |edition=English |location=New York City, New York, USA |language=en |translator-last=Muganwa |translator-first=Teopista|page=18-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

John Nyakatura wuxuu sheegay in isaga iyo raacayaashiisu ay booqasho ku tageen Bukuku oo ay siiyeen hadiyado badan oo ku yaal qasriga. Mugizi, oo ahayd gabadhii Bukuku gabadhiisa, ayaa tan aragtay waxayna u sheegtay Nyinamwiru, gabadha Bukuku, sida ay u qurux badan yihiin oo u taajirsan yihiin. Waxay u sheegtay Mugizi inay weydiisato Isimbwa inuu booqasho ku tago, wuu oggolaaday, laakiin waxay ka codsatay inay sugto fursad wanaagsan. Wuxuu sidoo kale u diray hadiyado. Isimbwa iyo raacayaashiisii ayaa markaa ka tagay qasriga oo aadeen Kisozi. Wuxuu ka tagay dhammaan laakiin laba nin oo halkaas jooga, wuxuuna ku noqday Nyinamwiru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nyakatura |first=John W. |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815025917/https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Anatomy-of-an-African-Kingdom-A-History-of-Bunyoro-Kitara-by-J.W.Nyakatura.pdf |title=Anatomy of an African Kingdom: Taariikhda Bunyoro-Kitara |publisher=NOK Publishers, Ltd. |year=1973 |isbn=0-88357-025-4 |editor-last=Uzoigwe |editor-first=Godfrey N. |edition=English |location=New York City, New York, USA |language=en |translator-last=Muganwa |translator-first=Teopista|page=19-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ruth Alice Fisher]] waxay sheegtay in Isimbwa uu arkay gabadh wadata weel ay biyo ka dhaansato oo markii uu bartay inay tahay gabadha Nyinamwiru, wuxuu siiyay ubaxyo gabadha, isagoo u sheegay inay u sheegto Nyinamwiru inuu u diray ubaxyada oo uu soo noqon doono si uu u guursado afar maalmood gudahood. Ka dib markii gabadhu sidaas samaysay, Nyinamwiru waxay u dirtay inay u daawato Isimbwa haddii uu iloobo inuu guursado. Afar maalmood ka dib, Isimbwa ayaa soo noqday.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=Ruth Alice |url=https://archive.org/details/twilighttalesofb00fishrich |title=Sheekooyinka Twilight ee Baganda Madow |publisher=Marshall Brothers, Ltd. |year=1911 |location=London|pages=84–85}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisaabaadka ayaa isku raacsan in Isimbwa uu isticmaalay sallaan si uu ugu fuulo guriga Nyinamwiru oo uu la joogay dhawr bilood, ka dibna wuu baxay, isagoo ballan qaaday inuu soo noqon doono dhawaan. Ka dib, Nyinamwiru waxay dhashay Karubumbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |last=Buchanan |first=Carole Ann |title=Dhismaha Kitara: dhaqanka taariikhiga ah ee galbeedka Uganda ilaa qarnigii 16aad |date=1974 |publisher=Indiana University |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209075013/https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/The-Kitara-complex-the-historical-tradition-of-Western-Uganda-to-the-16th-century.pdf|pages=131–132}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat |title=Gobolka Nyoro |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1971 |isbn=9780198231714|page=46}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dunbar |first=Archibald Ranulph |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbunyoro0000ardu |title=Taariikhda Bunyoro-Kitara |date=1965-01-01 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dhulgariirkii Kereetee ee 1303</title>
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      <comment>Bog cusub: {{Infobox earthquake |title= Dhulgariirkii Crete ee 1303 |pre-1900 = yes |local-date= {{Start-date|8 Agoosto 1303}} |local-time = Qiyaastii waaberigii |map2 = {{Location map | Greece  | label=  | lat=35.0  | long=27.0  | mark=Bullseye1.png  | marksize=40  | position=top  | width= 250  | float=center  | caption=Xudunta  | relief=yes}} |magnitude = 8.0 (qiyaas)&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt; |intensity = {{MMI|IX}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_EQ&quot;/&gt; |depth= |location={{Coord|35.0|27.0|display=inline,...</comment>
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      <text bytes="8551" sha1="bkd81hdqitb5qdls3q5uf4bm934n0d7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox earthquake
|title= Dhulgariirkii Crete ee 1303
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date= {{Start-date|8 Agoosto 1303}}
|local-time = Qiyaastii waaberigii
|map2 = {{Location map | Greece
 | label=
 | lat=35.0
 | long=27.0
 | mark=Bullseye1.png
 | marksize=40
 | position=top
 | width= 250
 | float=center
 | caption=Xudunta
 | relief=yes}}
|magnitude = 8.0 (qiyaas)&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;
|intensity = {{MMI|IX}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_EQ&quot;/&gt;
|depth=
|location={{Coord|35.0|27.0|display=inline,title}}
|countries affected = [[Giriiga]], [[Rhodes]], [[Masar]]
|tsunami = Haa
|casualties = Kumanaan badan,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt; oo ay ku jiraan ilaa 4,000 oo qof oo ku dhintay Crete&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_EQ&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5940|title= Xogta Dhulgariirka Weyn|last=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]/ World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|year= 1972|publisher= NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|accessdate=30 Maarso 2022|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Dhulgariirkii Crete ee 1303''' wuxuu dhacay qiyaastii waaberigii 8-dii Agoosto. Wuxuu lahaa qiyaasta xoogga oo ku dhow 8, iyo xoogga ugu badan oo ah IX (''Rabshad leh'') oo lagu cabbiro [[Mercalli intensity scale]], wuxuuna kiciyay [[tsunami]] weyn oo sababay burbur ba'an iyo khasaare nafeed oo ka dhacay [[Crete]] iyo [[Aleksandariya]]. Wuxuu si aad ah u waxyeelleeyay [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Fanarka Aleksandariya]].

==Goobta Tectonic-ga==
[[Hellenic arc]], oo ah goobta ugu suurtogalsan ee dhulgariirkan, waa qaab-dhismeed [[Tectonics|tectonic]] ah oo la xiriira [[subduction]]-ka [[African plate]] ee ka hooseeya [[Aegean Sea plate]]. Waa mid ka mid the aagagga seismic-ka ugu firfircoon ee galbeedka [[Eurasia]] wuxuuna leeyahay taariikh dhulgariirro waaweyn oo sidoo kale saameeya [[Masar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt;

==Burburka==
[[Dhulgariirka]] iyo tsunami-ga waxaa lagu diiwaan geliyay inay saameyn ba'an ku yeesheen [[Heraklion]], Crete.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsapanos&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tsapanos|first=T. M.|year=2003|title=Xaalad khatar ah oo seismic ah oo loogu talagalay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee jasiiradda Crete, Giriiga|journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]]|volume=153|pages=403–408|bibcode=2003GeoJI.153..403T|doi=10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01874.x|issue=2|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Macluumaad faahfaahsan ayaa laga heli karaa warbixinnada ay soo saareen wakiillada Heraklion (oo markaas ahaa [[Kingdom of Candia|Candia]]) ee maamulka [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]], kuwaas oo la qoray maalintii dhulgariirku dhacay iyo labaatan maalmood ka dib. Waxay ku qeexayaan baaxadda burburka soo gaaray dhismayaasha dadweynaha ee ugu waaweyn Candia iyo qalcado ku yaal dhammaan jasiiradda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;/&gt;

Warbixinnada waxay xusayaan in inta badan dhibbanayaasha ay ahaayeen dumar iyo carruur, iyadoon la bixin tirooyin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Guidoboni|first1=E.|last2=Comastri|first2=A.|year=1997|title=Dhulgariirkii weynaa ee 8 Agoosto 1303 ee Crete: xaaladda seismic iyo tsunami ee aagga Mediterranean-ka|journal=Journal of Seismology|volume=1|issue=1|pages=55–72|doi=10.1023/A:1009737632542 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9447864|bibcode=1997JSeis...1...55G|s2cid=126898422 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ka dhacay fatahaad ba'an Aleksandariya. Maraakiib badan ayaa la burburiyay, qaarkoodna waxaa loo qaaday ilaa {{convert|2|mi|km}} gudaha dhulka. Magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], oo ku taal xeebta [[Levant]]ine, ayaa sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelatay. Dhismayaal ayaa la burburiyay dadna waa la qaaday illaa ay ka dhintaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Papadopolous|first1=G. A.|last2=Daskalaki |first2=E. |last3=Fokaefs |first3=A. |first4=Giraleas |last4=N.|year=2007|title=Khatarta Tsunami ee Bariga Mediterranean-ka: dhulgariirro waaweyn iyo tsunami ku yaal Bariga Hellenic Arc iyo nidaamka godka|journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences|volume=7|issue=1|pages=57–64|url=http://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/94/03/PDF/nhess-7-57-2007.pdf|doi=10.5194/nhess-7-57-2007|bibcode=2007NHESS...7...57P|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dalka Masar dhulgariirku wuxuu sababay burbur ba'an oo ka dhacay [[Qaahira]], isagoo ka dejiyay inta badan [[Great Pyramid of Giza|Ahraamta Weyn]] dahaarka [[limestone|nuuradda]] cad&lt;ref name=&quot;Darwish_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Darwish |first=M. |title=Wajahaadda Caqabadaha Injineernimada Qaabdhismeedka |series=Sustainable Civil Infrastructures |pages=1–11 |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-61914-9 |editor-last=Rodrigues |editor-first=H. |chapter=Kala duwanaanshaha Astaamaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Qaabdhismeedka ee Ahraamta Weyn oo leh Astaamaha Nuuradda |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-61914-9_1 |editor-last2=Elnashai |editor-first2=A. |editor-last3=Calvi |editor-first3=G.M. |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-61914-9_1}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo inuu rido [[minaret|minaarado]] ku yaal masaajiddo badan. Aleksandariya darbigii magaalada badidoodu way burbureen. Waxa ugu muhiimsan, [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Fanarka Aleksandariya]], oo ka mid ah toddobada [[Wonders of the World|Yaababka Adduunka]], ayaa si xun u waxyeelloobay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Abdelnaby |first1=Adel E. |last2=Elnashai |first2=Amr S. |date=Oktoobar 2013 |title=Qiimaynta daacadnimada Pharos ee Aleksandariya intii lagu jiray dhulgariirkii 1303 CE |journal=Engineering Failure Analysis |volume=33 |pages=119–138 |doi=10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.04.013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guryaha ku yaal Aleksandariya ayaa dumay, taas oo dishay dad badan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Badawy99&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Badawy |first1=Ahmed |title=Taariikhda seismic-ka ee Masar |journal=Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica |date=1999 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=119–135 |doi=10.1007/BF03325564 |s2cid=131467239 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283839188}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida uu qabo [[Alexis Perrey]], dhulgariirka waxaa laga dareemay dhammaan xeebta [[Adriatic]], ilaa [[Venice]] (qiyaastii {{cvt|1600|km|-2|disp=or}} laga bilaabo Heraklion).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kišpatić |first=Mijo |title=Potresi u Hrvatskoj |trans-title=Dhulgariirrada Croatia |date=1891 |publisher=Tisak Dioničke tiskare |location=Zagreb |page=14 |url=https://archive.org/details/potresiuhrvatsk00kigoog |access-date=21 Abriil 2022 |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaamaha==

===Dhulgariir===
Inkasta oo goobta rasmiga ah ee [[epicenter|xudunta]] ay tahay mid aan la hubin, guud ahaan waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dhulgariirku uu dillaacay qaybta bari ee Hellenic arc meel u dhaxaysa Crete iyo Rhodes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Papazachos&quot;/&gt; Dhulgariirku wuxuu sababay burbur baaxad weyn oo ay ku jiraan Crete, [[Peloponnese]], [[Rhodes]], [[Qaahira]], [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], [[Dimishiq]], [[Antioch]], iyo [[Qubrus]] waxaana laga dareemay ilaa [[Constantinople]] ({{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) iyo laga yaabee [[Tunis]] ({{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}). Xoogga saxda ah lama yaqaan laakiin waxaa lagu qiyaasay inuu ahaa qiyaastii 8.0.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papazachos&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Papazachos|first=B. C.|year=1996|title=Cilladaha seismic-ka waaweyn ee Hellenic arc|journal=Annali di Geofisica|volume=39|issue=5|pages=891–903|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1706/1/01%20papazachos.pdf|archive-date=18 Luulyo 2011|access-date=28 Luulyo 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173826/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1706/1/01%20papazachos.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Tsunami===
Qaabeynta tsunami-ga ayaa saadaalinaysa ugu badnaan {{convert|9|m|ft|adj=on}} kor-u-kac oo ka dhaca Aleksandariya, iyadoo ay jirto dib u dhac qiyaastii 40-daqiiqo ah laga bilaabo wakhtiga dhulgariirka ilaa imaanshaha mawjadda koowaad ee Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hamouda|first=A. Z.|year=2006|title=Xisaabaadka tirooyinka ee 1303 tsunamigenic faafitaanka dhanka Aleksandariya, Xeebta Masar|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences|volume=44|issue=1|pages=37–44|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.005|bibcode = 2006JAfES..44...37H }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[365 Crete earthquake|Dhulgariirkii Crete ee 365]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Greece|Liiska dhulgariirrada Giriiga]]
* [[List of historical earthquakes|Liiska dhulgariirrada taariikhiga ah]]
* [[List of tsunamis|Liiska tsunami-yada]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1303 Crete earthquake}}</text>
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      <text bytes="8557" sha1="6mtss26qt0hfw343uep8ercu0minze0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox earthquake
|title= Dhulgariirkii Kereetee ee 1303
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date= {{Start-date|8 Agoosto 1303}}
|local-time = Qiyaastii waaberigii
|map2 = {{Location map | Greece
 | label=
 | lat=35.0
 | long=27.0
 | mark=Bullseye1.png
 | marksize=40
 | position=top
 | width= 250
 | float=center
 | caption=Xudunta
 | relief=yes}}
|magnitude = 8.0 (qiyaas)&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;
|intensity = {{MMI|IX}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_EQ&quot;/&gt;
|depth=
|location={{Coord|35.0|27.0|display=inline,title}}
|countries affected = [[Giriiga]], [[Rhodes]], [[Masar]]
|tsunami = Haa
|casualties = Kumanaan badan,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt; oo ay ku jiraan ilaa 4,000 oo qof oo ku dhintay Crete&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_EQ&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5940|title= Xogta Dhulgariirka Weyn|last=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]/ World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|year= 1972|publisher= NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|accessdate=30 Maarso 2022|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Dhulgariirkii Kereetee ee 1303''' wuxuu dhacay qiyaastii waaberigii 8-dii Agoosto. Wuxuu lahaa qiyaasta xoogga oo ku dhow 8, iyo xoogga ugu badan oo ah IX (''Rabshad leh'') oo lagu cabbiro [[Mercalli intensity scale]], wuxuuna kiciyay [[tsunami]] weyn oo sababay burbur ba'an iyo khasaare nafeed oo ka dhacay [[Crete]] iyo [[Aleksandariya]]. Wuxuu si aad ah u waxyeelleeyay [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Fanarka Aleksandariya]].

==Goobta Tectonic-ga==
[[Hellenic arc]], oo ah goobta ugu suurtogalsan ee dhulgariirkan, waa qaab-dhismeed [[Tectonics|tectonic]] ah oo la xiriira [[subduction]]-ka [[African plate]] ee ka hooseeya [[Aegean Sea plate]]. Waa mid ka mid the aagagga seismic-ka ugu firfircoon ee galbeedka [[Eurasia]] wuxuuna leeyahay taariikh dhulgariirro waaweyn oo sidoo kale saameeya [[Masar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt;

==Burburka==
[[Dhulgariirka]] iyo tsunami-ga waxaa lagu diiwaan geliyay inay saameyn ba'an ku yeesheen [[Heraklion]], Crete.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsapanos&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tsapanos|first=T. M.|year=2003|title=Xaalad khatar ah oo seismic ah oo loogu talagalay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee jasiiradda Crete, Giriiga|journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]]|volume=153|pages=403–408|bibcode=2003GeoJI.153..403T|doi=10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01874.x|issue=2|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Macluumaad faahfaahsan ayaa laga heli karaa warbixinnada ay soo saareen wakiillada Heraklion (oo markaas ahaa [[Kingdom of Candia|Candia]]) ee maamulka [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]], kuwaas oo la qoray maalintii dhulgariirku dhacay iyo labaatan maalmood ka dib. Waxay ku qeexayaan baaxadda burburka soo gaaray dhismayaasha dadweynaha ee ugu waaweyn Candia iyo qalcado ku yaal dhammaan jasiiradda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;/&gt;

Warbixinnada waxay xusayaan in inta badan dhibbanayaasha ay ahaayeen dumar iyo carruur, iyadoon la bixin tirooyin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Guidoboni|first1=E.|last2=Comastri|first2=A.|year=1997|title=Dhulgariirkii weynaa ee 8 Agoosto 1303 ee Crete: xaaladda seismic iyo tsunami ee aagga Mediterranean-ka|journal=Journal of Seismology|volume=1|issue=1|pages=55–72|doi=10.1023/A:1009737632542 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9447864|bibcode=1997JSeis...1...55G|s2cid=126898422 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ka dhacay fatahaad ba'an Aleksandariya. Maraakiib badan ayaa la burburiyay, qaarkoodna waxaa loo qaaday ilaa {{convert|2|mi|km}} gudaha dhulka. Magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], oo ku taal xeebta [[Levant]]ine, ayaa sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelatay. Dhismayaal ayaa la burburiyay dadna waa la qaaday illaa ay ka dhintaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Papadopolous|first1=G. A.|last2=Daskalaki |first2=E. |last3=Fokaefs |first3=A. |first4=Giraleas |last4=N.|year=2007|title=Khatarta Tsunami ee Bariga Mediterranean-ka: dhulgariirro waaweyn iyo tsunami ku yaal Bariga Hellenic Arc iyo nidaamka godka|journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences|volume=7|issue=1|pages=57–64|url=http://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/94/03/PDF/nhess-7-57-2007.pdf|doi=10.5194/nhess-7-57-2007|bibcode=2007NHESS...7...57P|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dalka Masar dhulgariirku wuxuu sababay burbur ba'an oo ka dhacay [[Qaahira]], isagoo ka dejiyay inta badan [[Great Pyramid of Giza|Ahraamta Weyn]] dahaarka [[limestone|nuuradda]] cad&lt;ref name=&quot;Darwish_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Darwish |first=M. |title=Wajahaadda Caqabadaha Injineernimada Qaabdhismeedka |series=Sustainable Civil Infrastructures |pages=1–11 |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-61914-9 |editor-last=Rodrigues |editor-first=H. |chapter=Kala duwanaanshaha Astaamaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Qaabdhismeedka ee Ahraamta Weyn oo leh Astaamaha Nuuradda |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-61914-9_1 |editor-last2=Elnashai |editor-first2=A. |editor-last3=Calvi |editor-first3=G.M. |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-61914-9_1}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo inuu rido [[minaret|minaarado]] ku yaal masaajiddo badan. Aleksandariya darbigii magaalada badidoodu way burbureen. Waxa ugu muhiimsan, [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Fanarka Aleksandariya]], oo ka mid ah toddobada [[Wonders of the World|Yaababka Adduunka]], ayaa si xun u waxyeelloobay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Abdelnaby |first1=Adel E. |last2=Elnashai |first2=Amr S. |date=Oktoobar 2013 |title=Qiimaynta daacadnimada Pharos ee Aleksandariya intii lagu jiray dhulgariirkii 1303 CE |journal=Engineering Failure Analysis |volume=33 |pages=119–138 |doi=10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.04.013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guryaha ku yaal Aleksandariya ayaa dumay, taas oo dishay dad badan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Badawy99&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Badawy |first1=Ahmed |title=Taariikhda seismic-ka ee Masar |journal=Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica |date=1999 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=119–135 |doi=10.1007/BF03325564 |s2cid=131467239 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283839188}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida uu qabo [[Alexis Perrey]], dhulgariirka waxaa laga dareemay dhammaan xeebta [[Adriatic]], ilaa [[Venice]] (qiyaastii {{cvt|1600|km|-2|disp=or}} laga bilaabo Heraklion).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kišpatić |first=Mijo |title=Potresi u Hrvatskoj |trans-title=Dhulgariirrada Croatia |date=1891 |publisher=Tisak Dioničke tiskare |location=Zagreb |page=14 |url=https://archive.org/details/potresiuhrvatsk00kigoog |access-date=21 Abriil 2022 |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaamaha==

===Dhulgariir===
Inkasta oo goobta rasmiga ah ee [[epicenter|xudunta]] ay tahay mid aan la hubin, guud ahaan waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dhulgariirku uu dillaacay qaybta bari ee Hellenic arc meel u dhaxaysa Crete iyo Rhodes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Papazachos&quot;/&gt; Dhulgariirku wuxuu sababay burbur baaxad weyn oo ay ku jiraan Crete, [[Peloponnese]], [[Rhodes]], [[Qaahira]], [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], [[Dimishiq]], [[Antioch]], iyo [[Qubrus]] waxaana laga dareemay ilaa [[Constantinople]] ({{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) iyo laga yaabee [[Tunis]] ({{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}). Xoogga saxda ah lama yaqaan laakiin waxaa lagu qiyaasay inuu ahaa qiyaastii 8.0.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papazachos&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Papazachos|first=B. C.|year=1996|title=Cilladaha seismic-ka waaweyn ee Hellenic arc|journal=Annali di Geofisica|volume=39|issue=5|pages=891–903|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1706/1/01%20papazachos.pdf|archive-date=18 Luulyo 2011|access-date=28 Luulyo 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173826/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1706/1/01%20papazachos.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Tsunami===
Qaabeynta tsunami-ga ayaa saadaalinaysa ugu badnaan {{convert|9|m|ft|adj=on}} kor-u-kac oo ka dhaca Aleksandariya, iyadoo ay jirto dib u dhac qiyaastii 40-daqiiqo ah laga bilaabo wakhtiga dhulgariirka ilaa imaanshaha mawjadda koowaad ee Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hamouda|first=A. Z.|year=2006|title=Xisaabaadka tirooyinka ee 1303 tsunamigenic faafitaanka dhanka Aleksandariya, Xeebta Masar|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences|volume=44|issue=1|pages=37–44|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.005|bibcode = 2006JAfES..44...37H }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[365 Crete earthquake|Dhulgariirkii Crete ee 365]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Greece|Liiska dhulgariirrada Giriiga]]
* [[List of historical earthquakes|Liiska dhulgariirrada taariikhiga ah]]
* [[List of tsunamis|Liiska tsunami-yada]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1303 Crete earthquake}}</text>
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      <text bytes="8560" sha1="fmoo9ljlbzf68iz6mijobagkdr8c4r3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox earthquake
|title= Dhulgariirkii Kereetee ee 1303
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date= {{Start-date|8 Agoosto 1303}}
|local-time = Qiyaastii waaberigii
|map2 = {{Location map | Greece
 | label=
 | lat=35.0
 | long=27.0
 | mark=Bullseye1.png
 | marksize=40
 | position=top
 | width= 250
 | float=center
 | caption=Xudunta
 | relief=yes}}
|magnitude = 8.0 (qiyaas)&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;
|intensity = {{MMI|IX}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_EQ&quot;/&gt;
|depth=
|location={{Coord|35.0|27.0|display=inline,title}}
|countries affected = [[Giriiga]], [[Rhodes]], [[Masar]]
|tsunami = Haa
|casualties = Kumanaan badan,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt; oo ay ku jiraan ilaa 4,000 oo qof oo ku dhintay Crete&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_EQ&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5940|title= Xogta Dhulgariirka Weyn|last=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]/ World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|year= 1972|publisher= NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|accessdate=30 Maarso 2022|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Dhulgariirkii Kereetee ee 1303''' wuxuu dhacay qiyaastii waaberigii 8-dii Agoosto. Wuxuu lahaa qiyaasta xoogga oo ku dhow 8, iyo xoogga ugu badan oo ah IX (''Rabshad leh'') oo lagu cabbiro [[Mercalli intensity scale]], wuxuuna kiciyay [[tsunami]] weyn oo sababay burbur ba'an iyo khasaare nafeed oo ka dhacay [[Kereetee]] iyo [[Aleksandariya]]. Wuxuu si aad ah u waxyeelleeyay [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Fanarka Aleksandariya]].

==Goobta Tectonic-ga==
[[Hellenic arc]], oo ah goobta ugu suurtogalsan ee dhulgariirkan, waa qaab-dhismeed [[Tectonics|tectonic]] ah oo la xiriira [[subduction]]-ka [[African plate]] ee ka hooseeya [[Aegean Sea plate]]. Waa mid ka mid the aagagga seismic-ka ugu firfircoon ee galbeedka [[Eurasia]] wuxuuna leeyahay taariikh dhulgariirro waaweyn oo sidoo kale saameeya [[Masar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt;

==Burburka==
[[Dhulgariirka]] iyo tsunami-ga waxaa lagu diiwaan geliyay inay saameyn ba'an ku yeesheen [[Heraklion]], Crete.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsapanos&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tsapanos|first=T. M.|year=2003|title=Xaalad khatar ah oo seismic ah oo loogu talagalay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee jasiiradda Crete, Giriiga|journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]]|volume=153|pages=403–408|bibcode=2003GeoJI.153..403T|doi=10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01874.x|issue=2|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Macluumaad faahfaahsan ayaa laga heli karaa warbixinnada ay soo saareen wakiillada Heraklion (oo markaas ahaa [[Kingdom of Candia|Candia]]) ee maamulka [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]], kuwaas oo la qoray maalintii dhulgariirku dhacay iyo labaatan maalmood ka dib. Waxay ku qeexayaan baaxadda burburka soo gaaray dhismayaasha dadweynaha ee ugu waaweyn Candia iyo qalcado ku yaal dhammaan jasiiradda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;/&gt;

Warbixinnada waxay xusayaan in inta badan dhibbanayaasha ay ahaayeen dumar iyo carruur, iyadoon la bixin tirooyin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Guidoboni|first1=E.|last2=Comastri|first2=A.|year=1997|title=Dhulgariirkii weynaa ee 8 Agoosto 1303 ee Crete: xaaladda seismic iyo tsunami ee aagga Mediterranean-ka|journal=Journal of Seismology|volume=1|issue=1|pages=55–72|doi=10.1023/A:1009737632542 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9447864|bibcode=1997JSeis...1...55G|s2cid=126898422 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ka dhacay fatahaad ba'an Aleksandariya. Maraakiib badan ayaa la burburiyay, qaarkoodna waxaa loo qaaday ilaa {{convert|2|mi|km}} gudaha dhulka. Magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], oo ku taal xeebta [[Levant]]ine, ayaa sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelatay. Dhismayaal ayaa la burburiyay dadna waa la qaaday illaa ay ka dhintaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Papadopolous|first1=G. A.|last2=Daskalaki |first2=E. |last3=Fokaefs |first3=A. |first4=Giraleas |last4=N.|year=2007|title=Khatarta Tsunami ee Bariga Mediterranean-ka: dhulgariirro waaweyn iyo tsunami ku yaal Bariga Hellenic Arc iyo nidaamka godka|journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences|volume=7|issue=1|pages=57–64|url=http://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/94/03/PDF/nhess-7-57-2007.pdf|doi=10.5194/nhess-7-57-2007|bibcode=2007NHESS...7...57P|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dalka Masar dhulgariirku wuxuu sababay burbur ba'an oo ka dhacay [[Qaahira]], isagoo ka dejiyay inta badan [[Great Pyramid of Giza|Ahraamta Weyn]] dahaarka [[limestone|nuuradda]] cad&lt;ref name=&quot;Darwish_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Darwish |first=M. |title=Wajahaadda Caqabadaha Injineernimada Qaabdhismeedka |series=Sustainable Civil Infrastructures |pages=1–11 |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-61914-9 |editor-last=Rodrigues |editor-first=H. |chapter=Kala duwanaanshaha Astaamaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Qaabdhismeedka ee Ahraamta Weyn oo leh Astaamaha Nuuradda |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-61914-9_1 |editor-last2=Elnashai |editor-first2=A. |editor-last3=Calvi |editor-first3=G.M. |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-61914-9_1}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo inuu rido [[minaret|minaarado]] ku yaal masaajiddo badan. Aleksandariya darbigii magaalada badidoodu way burbureen. Waxa ugu muhiimsan, [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Fanarka Aleksandariya]], oo ka mid ah toddobada [[Wonders of the World|Yaababka Adduunka]], ayaa si xun u waxyeelloobay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Abdelnaby |first1=Adel E. |last2=Elnashai |first2=Amr S. |date=Oktoobar 2013 |title=Qiimaynta daacadnimada Pharos ee Aleksandariya intii lagu jiray dhulgariirkii 1303 CE |journal=Engineering Failure Analysis |volume=33 |pages=119–138 |doi=10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.04.013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guryaha ku yaal Aleksandariya ayaa dumay, taas oo dishay dad badan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Badawy99&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Badawy |first1=Ahmed |title=Taariikhda seismic-ka ee Masar |journal=Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica |date=1999 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=119–135 |doi=10.1007/BF03325564 |s2cid=131467239 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283839188}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida uu qabo [[Alexis Perrey]], dhulgariirka waxaa laga dareemay dhammaan xeebta [[Adriatic]], ilaa [[Venice]] (qiyaastii {{cvt|1600|km|-2|disp=or}} laga bilaabo Heraklion).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kišpatić |first=Mijo |title=Potresi u Hrvatskoj |trans-title=Dhulgariirrada Croatia |date=1891 |publisher=Tisak Dioničke tiskare |location=Zagreb |page=14 |url=https://archive.org/details/potresiuhrvatsk00kigoog |access-date=21 Abriil 2022 |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Astaamaha==

===Dhulgariir===
Inkasta oo goobta rasmiga ah ee [[epicenter|xudunta]] ay tahay mid aan la hubin, guud ahaan waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dhulgariirku uu dillaacay qaybta bari ee Hellenic arc meel u dhaxaysa Crete iyo Rhodes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papadopolous&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guidoboni&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Papazachos&quot;/&gt; Dhulgariirku wuxuu sababay burbur baaxad weyn oo ay ku jiraan Crete, [[Peloponnese]], [[Rhodes]], [[Qaahira]], [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], [[Dimishiq]], [[Antioch]], iyo [[Qubrus]] waxaana laga dareemay ilaa [[Constantinople]] ({{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) iyo laga yaabee [[Tunis]] ({{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}). Xoogga saxda ah lama yaqaan laakiin waxaa lagu qiyaasay inuu ahaa qiyaastii 8.0.&lt;ref name=&quot;Papazachos&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Papazachos|first=B. C.|year=1996|title=Cilladaha seismic-ka waaweyn ee Hellenic arc|journal=Annali di Geofisica|volume=39|issue=5|pages=891–903|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1706/1/01%20papazachos.pdf|archive-date=18 Luulyo 2011|access-date=28 Luulyo 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173826/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1706/1/01%20papazachos.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Tsunami===
Qaabeynta tsunami-ga ayaa saadaalinaysa ugu badnaan {{convert|9|m|ft|adj=on}} kor-u-kac oo ka dhaca Aleksandariya, iyadoo ay jirto dib u dhac qiyaastii 40-daqiiqo ah laga bilaabo wakhtiga dhulgariirka ilaa imaanshaha mawjadda koowaad ee Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamouda&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hamouda|first=A. Z.|year=2006|title=Xisaabaadka tirooyinka ee 1303 tsunamigenic faafitaanka dhanka Aleksandariya, Xeebta Masar|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences|volume=44|issue=1|pages=37–44|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.005|bibcode = 2006JAfES..44...37H }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[365 Crete earthquake|Dhulgariirkii Crete ee 365]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Greece|Liiska dhulgariirrada Giriiga]]
* [[List of historical earthquakes|Liiska dhulgariirrada taariikhiga ah]]
* [[List of tsunamis|Liiska tsunami-yada]]

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1303 Crete earthquake}}</text>
      <sha1>fmoo9ljlbzf68iz6mijobagkdr8c4r3</sha1>
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    <title>Daadadkii Koonfur Suudaan ee 2024</title>
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| name            = Fatahaadihii Suudaanta Koonfureed ee 2024
| image           = 
| image_size      = 
| image_alt       = 
| image_caption   = 
| date            = Agoosto 2024 – socda
| location        = [[South Sudan|Suudaanta Koonfureed]]
| cause           = Roobab mahiigaan ah, fatahaadda [[Lake Victoria|Harada Victoria]]
| deaths          = Lama oga
*735,000 qof ayaa saameyn ku dhacday
*65,000 qof ayaa barakacay
| injuries        = 
| missing         = 
| property_damage =  
| website         = 
}}

'''Fatahaadihii Suudaanta Koonfureed ee 2024''' waxay tilmaamayaan [[Flood|fatahaado]] ba'an oo ka dhacay waddanka [[Africa|Afrika]] ee [[South Sudan|Suudaanta Koonfureed]], taasoo keentay in &quot;in ka badan 735,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 38 ka mid ah 78-da degmo ee Suudaanta Koonfureed iyo [[Abyei|Degmada Maamulka Abyei]]&quot; ay si toos ah u saameeyaan, 65,000 oo qofna ay barakacaan, kuwaas oo 41,000 ka mid ah ay ka barakaceen [[Warrap (state)|Warrap]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=Suudaanta Koonfureed: Warbixinta Degdegga ah ee Xaaladda Fatahaadda No. 3 (Sida 12 Sebtembar 2024) - Suudaanta Koonfureed {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/south-sudan-flooding-situation-flash-update-no-3-12-september-2024 |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stephens |first=Liz |last2=Levi |first2=Jacob |title=Fatahaadaha Suudaanta Koonfureed: Tusaalihii ugu horreeyay ee dadweyne ballaaran oo si joogto ah u barakacay sababo la xiriira isbeddelka cimilada? |url=https://phys.org/news/2024-09-south-sudan-mass-population-permanently.html |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=phys.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cilmi-baarayaasha cimilada ayaa saadaaliyay in qaababka cimilada ee isbeddelay ee ku xeeran gobolka [[Sudd]] [[wetland|qoyan]] ay keeni karaan barakaca dadweyne ee ugu horreeyay ee ay sababto isbeddelka cimilada, sababo la xiriira ballaarinta joogtada ah ee dhulalka qoyan ee aan la degi karin ee ay sababaan roobabka muddada dheer iyo fatahaadaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Fatahaadda ==
Bilowgii Agoosto 2024, roobab mahiigaan ah oo ka da'ay guud ahaan [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]] ayaa sababay in [[Lake Victoria|Harada Victoria]] ay gaarto heerar biyo oo rikoodh ah, taasoo keentay qulqul biyo oo laxaad leh oo ku socda [[Nile|Webiga Niil]] dhanka hoose ee Suudaanta Koonfureed. Tani, oo ay weheliso roobab mahiigaan ah oo ka da'ay guud ahaan Suudaanta Koonfureed, waxay keentay fatahaado laxaad leh oo ka dhacay inta badan Suudaanta Koonfureed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Cilmi-baare sare oo dhanka [[Environmental science|cilmiga deegaanka]] ka tirsan Machadka Sudd, Tiit Mamar, ayaa sheegay in heerarka biyaha ee Harada Victoria ay gaareen inta u dhaxaysa 13.44 mitir iyo 13.60 mitir qayb ahaan sababo la xiriira [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation|El Niño]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-13 |title=Suudaanta Koonfureed, fatahaaduhu waxay dumiyeen rajadii |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/in-south-sudan-floods-drown-hopes-4760598 |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=The East African |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fatahaado waaweyn ayaa ka dhacay gobolka ballaaran ee dhulka qoyan ee Sudd, halkaas oo Niilku u kala baxo shabakad adag oo [[Waterway|marinnada biyaha]], [[Swamp|dhiiqo]], iyo [[Floodplain|bannaannada fatahaadda]] ah. Juquraafigiisu wuxuu abuurayaa qaabab fatahaad sannadle ah oo gaar ah oo si weyn ay u saameeyaan heerarka biyaha ee Harada Victoria. Intaa waxaa dheer, halabuurka gobolka ee [[silt|dhoobada]] iyo [[clay|dhoobada cas]] ayaa ka dhigaya in [[Infiltration (hydrology)|shaandhaynta biyaha]] ee ciidda ay adkaato, halka biyaha fatahaadaha ee Sudd aysan si fudud ugu soo noqon marinka ugu weyn ee [[White Nile|Niilka Cad]]. Waxyaabahani waxay wada jir u sameeyaan in fatahaadaha gobolka Sudd ay ku sii jiraan muddooyin dheer oo u baahan [[evaporation|uumi-bax]] muddo dheer ah si heerarka biyuhu hoos ugu dhacaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Saamaynta ==
Fatahaadaha muddada dheer socday ayaa keentay in ugu yaraan 735,000 oo rayid ah oo u dhashay Suudaanta Koonfureed ay saameyn ku dhacdo. Kuwan, 65,000 oo rayid ah ayaa barakacay, kuwaas oo in ka badan 41,000 oo qof oo ku nool Warrap iyo 10,375 kale oo ku nool [[Jonglei State|Gobolka Jonglei]] ay ka mid ahaayeen. Fatahaaduhu waxay si weyn uga sii dareen dhibaatooyinkii bini'aadantinimo ee horay u jiray ee ay sababeen colaadaha gobolka iyo sidoo kale qulqulka qaxootiga ka imaanaya [[Sudan|Suudaan]] ee ay sababtay [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Suudaan]] ee socda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Meelo badan oo ay fatahaaduhu saameeyeen ayaa waxaa soo wajahay cunto yari sababo la xiriira burburka [[Agricultural land|dhulka beeraha]] iyo sahayda cuntada. Meelahani waxay sidoo kale la il daran yihiin cudurro dillaacay oo ay ka mid yihiin [[malaria|duumada]] oo ay sababeen biyo fadhiisin ah oo abuuraya goobo ay ku tarmaan [[Disease vector|xambaarayaasha cudurrada]] iyo [[Waterborne disease|cudurrada biyaha ka dhasha]], marka lagu daro weerarrada xayawaanka oo kordhay.

Tan iyo bartamihii Agoosto, 3,600 oo muwaadin oo barakacay ayaa yimid [[Upper Nile (state)|Gobolka Upper Nile]] oo ka yimid New Fangak ee Gobolka Jonglei, iyadoo 1,000 qoys (6,000 oo qof) oo ka yimid [[Nasir County|Degmada Nasir]] ay sidoo kale barakaceen. 20,000 oo qof (5,700 qoys) ayaa ka barakacay [[Jur River County|Degmada Jur River]], taasoo la sheegay in 147,750 fedan oo dhul beeraha ah ay biyuhu ku fureen. Warbixinnada qaranka ayaa sheegay in 21,863 muwaadin oo ku nool [[Mayiandit County|Degmada Mayendit]] ay barakaceen, iyadoo kow iyo toban ka mid ah saddex iyo tobankeeda payam ay saameeyeen fatahaaduhu. Intaa waxaa dheer, 4,275 hektar oo dhul beeraha ah ayaa biyuhu ku fureen.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Sudd ===
Fatahaaduhu waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan horay loo arag gobolka Sudd ee Suudaanta Koonfureed, kaas oo leh mid ka mid ah dhulalka qoyan ee ugu waaweyn adduunka. Natiijo ahaan, qaybo laxaad leh oo ka mid ah bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee gobolka ayaa barakacay. Natiijo ahaan fatahaadaha aan horay loo arag iyo muddadooda, bulshooyinka asaliga ah ee Sudd oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Anuak people|Anuak]], [[Dinka people|Dinka]], [[Shilluk people|Shilluk]], iyo [[Nuer]], awood uma yeelan inay la qabsadaan iyagoo isticmaalaya habab dhaqameedka ka hortagga fatahaadaha sida u raridda xayawaanka beeraha dhul ka sarreeya ama ilaalinta kaabayaasha leh darbiyo dhoobo la cadaadiyay. Natiijo ahaan, rayid badan oo gobolka ku nool ayaa gudaha ku barakacay waxayna ku qasbanaadeen inay ku noolaadaan xeryaha qaxootiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

[[Climatology|Cilmi-baarayaasha cimilada]] ayaa saadaaliyay in qaababka cimilada ee cusub ee keena roobabka iyo fatahaadaha badan ay iyaguna keeni karaan ballaarinta dhulalka qoyan ee aan la degi karin ee Sudd, taas oo laga yaabo inay keento barakaca dadweyne ee ugu horreeyay ee joogtada ah ee ay sababto isbeddelka cimilada.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Jawaabta ==
[[United Nations|Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Central Emergency Response Fund|Sanduuqa Jawaab-celinta Degdegga ah ee Dhexe]] ayaa maamulay $10 milyan si loo caawiyo qiyaastii 700,000 oo muwaadin oo ay saameeyeen fatahaadaha degmooyinka [[Aweil East County|Aweil East]], [[Mayiandit County|Mayiandit]], [[Fangak County|Fangak]], [[Rubkona County|Rubkona]], iyo [[Nasir County|Nasir]]. Sanduuqa Bini'aadamnimada ee Suudaanta Koonfureed ayaa ku daray $5 milyan cadadkaas si loo bixiyo adeegyo bini'aadamnimo oo kale oo muhiim ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-09-13 |title=In ka badan 735,000 oo qof oo ay saameeyeen fatahaadaha guud ahaan Suudaanta Koonfureed: QM |url=https://sudantribune.com/article290782/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burburka fatahaadaha iyo waddooyinka oo biyo ku fureen ayaa carqaladeeyay gaarsiinta gargaarka bini'aadamnimada, taasoo ku qasabtay hay'adaha inay sahayda ku qaadaan gaadiidka hawada iyo webiga oo qaali ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Snakebite|qaniinyada abeesada]] oo soo noqnoqday iyadoo aan la helin [[Antivenom|dawo-qaniinyo]] ayaa keentay dhimasho dhowr ah gudaha [[Lafon County|Degmada Lafon]] ee [[Eastern Equatoria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==

* [[2024 Sudan floods|Fatahaadihii Suudaan ee 2024]]
* [[2024 West African floods|Fatahaadihii Galbeedka Afrika ee 2024]]

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e7zqt53foylztzr8czkgw0lm6gwpnz0</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Daadadkii Nayjar ee 2021</title>
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      <text bytes="14355" sha1="6lpd87lvwmpp5gcbt3go8ex8opariig" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox flood
| name            = Fatahaadihii Niger ee 2021
| image           = Niger Regions.png
| image_size      = 
| image_alt       = 
| image_caption   = Gobollada ay saameeyeen fatahaaduhu
| date            = Juun – Sebtembar 2021
| location        = [[Niger]]
| cause           = [[Rain|Roobab mahiigaan ah]]
| deaths          = 77
| injuries        = 
| missing         = 
| property_damage =  
| website         = 
}}

Sannadkii 2021, [[Niger]] waxay la kulantay [[flooding|fatahaado]] soo noqnoqday oo ay sababeen roobab mahiigaan ah, kuwaas oo horseeday khasaare nafeed oo laxaad leh iyo burbur baahsan oo ka dhacay dalka oo dhan. Fatahaaduhu waxay sababeen 77 dhimasho ah waxayna saameeyeen 250,331 qof oo ku nool dalka oo dhan.

== Taariikh ==
Niger waxay la kulantay fatahaado soo noqnoqday oo daran sannadihii u dambeeyay, gaar ahaan xilliga roobka ee sannadlaha ah. Sannadkii [[2016 Niger flood|2016]], fatahaaduhu waxay sababeen ugu yaraan 38 dhimasho ah&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=38 dhimasho ah, 92,000 oo guryo la'aan ah fatahaadaha Niger |url=https://www.rappler.com/world/africa/145550-niger-floods-casualties-homeless/ |access-date=29 Agoosto 2021 |work=[[Rappler]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=8 Sebtembar 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna saameeyeen in ka badan 123,000 oo qof, iyadoo gobollada sida [[Maradi Region|Maradi]], [[Tahoua Region|Tahoua]], iyo [[Agadez Region|Agadez]] ay ka mid ahaayeen kuwii ugu darraa ee ay saameeyeen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bulletin humanitaire Niger - août 2016 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/bulletin-humanitaire-niger-ao-t-2016 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA) |access-date=29 Agoosto 2021 |language=French |date=6 Sebtembar 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bulletin humanitaire Niger - septembre - octobre 2016
|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/bulletin-humanitaire-niger-septembre-octobre-2016 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 Abriil 2026 |language=French |date=20 Oktoobar 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2017, dhacdooyin fatahaado ah oo ka kala dhacay qaybo kala duwan oo dalka ah ayaa sababay 56 dhimasho ah iyo barakac baahsan, iyadoo ay saameeyeen 206,513 qof&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=19 Juun 2017|title=Niger – Fatahaadaha Niamey iyo Tillabéri oo sababay 14 dhimasho ah, Boqollaal guryo oo burburay|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-niamey-tillaberi-june-2017|website=FloodList|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=31 Agoosto 2017|title=Niger – Fatahaado dhimasho watay oo ka dhacay Niamey, 200 guryo oo burburay|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-niamey-august-2017|website=FloodList|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=West and Central Africa: 2017 flood impact (as of 18 Oct 2017) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/west-and-central-africa-2017-flood-impact-18-oct-2017 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 Abriil 2026 |date=19 Oktoobar 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;, halka roobab mahiigaan ah oo dhacay 2018 ay sababeen 45 dhimasho ah waxayna saameeyeen in ka badan 200,000 oo qof, iyagoo burburiyay kumanaan guryo, dhul beeraha, iyo xoolo ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=9 Oktoobar 2018|title=West and Central Africa: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (2 - 8 Oktoobar 2018)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/west-and-central-africa-weekly-regional-humanitarian-snapshot-2-8-october-2018|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fatahaado la mid ah oo ballaaran ayaa sii socday 2019, iyadoo saameeyeen in ka badan 211,000 oo qof waxayna sababeen 57 dhimasho ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 Sebtembar 2019|title=Niger: Warbixinta Xaaladda, 26 Sebtembar 2019|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-situation-report-26-sep-2019|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xaaladdu waxay sii xumaatay 2020, markaas oo fatahaaduhu ay dileen ugu yaraan 73 qof waxayna saameeyeen in ka badan 400,000 oo kale, taasoo abuurtay dhibaato bini'aadantinimo oo weyn.&lt;ref name='toll' /&gt; Roobab baahsan iyo webiyo fatahay ayaa horseeday burburka tobanaan kun oo guryo ah iyo khasaare ballaaran oo beeraha ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=13 Oktoobar 2020 |title=Niger - Fatahaadihii 2020: Baaq degdeg ah oo gargaar ah |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-2020-floods-urgent-call-assistance-october-2020 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO) |access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Webiyo waaweyn iyo biyo-xireenno ayaa gaaray heerar khatar ah, gaar ahaan hareeraha [[Niamey]], taasoo keentay barakac ballaaran.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=21 Sebtembar 2020 |title=Fatahaad ka dhacday Niger |url=https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/activations/-/article/flood-large-in-niger-activation-677- |website=[[International Charter Space and Major Disasters]]
|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fatahaaduhu waxay sababeen in [[Niger River|Webiga Niger]], biyo-xireennada iyo darbiyada difaaca ay dillaacaan, iyadoo qulqullo waaweyn oo biyo ah ay u gashay guryaha dadka, beeraha, iyo dhismayaasha kale iyadoo aan laga digin.&lt;ref name='cause'&gt;{{cite web|date=15 Sebtembar 2020|title=Fatahaadaha Niger oo sababay inay dumaan in ka badan 36,000 oo guryo ah|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-flooding-causes-over-36000-houses-collapse|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=[[CARE International|CARE]]|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jadwalka ==
=== Juun ===
Bartamihii Juun, muwaadiniinta dalka oo dhan waxay bilaabeen inay la kulmaan roobab mahiigaan ah, kuwaas oo si dhakhso ah u horseeday fatahaado, burbur baahsan, iyo khasaare nafeed.&lt;ref name='midJune' /&gt;

=== Luulyo ===
31 Luulyo, mas'uuliyiinta qaranka ee Niger waxay soo sheegeen 35 qof oo dhintay taas oo ka dhalatay fatahaadaha iyo roobabka mahiigaanka ah ee dalka ka da'ayay tan iyo bilowgii xilliga roobka. Ugu yaraan 20 qof ayaa ku dhintay guryo duntay, halka 15 ay ku qarqomeen biyaha fatahaadaha. Labaatan iyo afar qof ayaa sidoo kale dhaawacmay, iyadoo wadar ahaan 26,532 qof ay saameyn ku dhacday. Dhanka kale, in ka badan 2,500 oo guryo iyo hoy ah ayaa la burburiyay, iyadoo ay weheliso dugsiyo, masaajiddo, iyo goobo shaqo. In ka badan 700 oo xoolo ah ayaa sidoo kale la waayay.&lt;ref name='floodlist2'&gt;{{cite web|date=2 Agoosto 2021|title=Niger – Fatahaaduhu waxay reebeen in ka badan 30 dhimasho ah, Kumanaan guryo oo burburay|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-floods-leave-over-30-dead-thousands-of-homes-destroyed|website=FloodList|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Agoosto ===
9 Agoosto, siddeed qof ayaa ay qaadeen fatahaado degdeg ah oo ku dhuftay magaalada [[Agadez]].&lt;ref name=&quot;floodlist&quot; /&gt;

11 Agoosto, Agaasinka Ilaalinta Madaniga ah ee Niger ayaa soo sheegay 52 dhimasho ah iyo in ka badan 50,000 oo qof oo ay saameeyeen 5,694 qoys. Fatahaadaha iyo roobabka ayaa waxyeeleeyay 4,137 guryo ah iyadoo qiyaastii 300 ay gebi ahaanba burbureen. Caasimadda, Niamey, waxay aragtay roobab mahiigaan ah intii u dhaxaysay 10-11 Agoosto, taasoo dishay shan qof. Fatahaaduhu waxay waxyeeleeyeen waddooyinka, kaabayaasha, iyo dhismayaasha. Degmooyin qaarkood ayaa go'doon noqday. Qiyaastii 17 guryo ayaa duntay degmada [[Niamey|Yantala]], halkaas oo saddex qof ay dhinteen, mid la waayay, iyo laba si xun u dhaawacmeen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=14 Agoosto 2021|title=Niger – 5 oo ku dhintay fatahaadaha degdegga ah ee Niamey|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-flash-floods-niamey-august-2021|website=FloodList|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=13 Agoosto 2021|title=Niger: Roobab mahiigaan ah oo sababay dhimasho dhowr ah oo ka dhacay Niamey|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/08/13/niger-heavy-rains-cause-several-deaths-in-niamey//|work=[[Africanews]]|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalintii ku xigtay, tirada dhimashada ayaa gaartay 55 waxayna ka tagtay 53,000 oo kale oo barakacay. In ka badan 4,800 oo guryo ah ayaa waxyeello ka soo gaartay fatahaadaha ama dhoobo-go'a, waxaana la waayay ku dhawaad 900 oo xoolo ah. Gobollada Maradi iyo [[Agadez Region|Agadez]] iyo sidoo kale caasimadda, Niamey, ayaa ahaa meelaha ugu saameynta badan, iyagoo arkay 16 dhimasho ah.&lt;ref name='toll'&gt;{{cite news|date=12 Agoosto 2021|title=Tirada dhimashada fatahaadaha Niger ayaa gaartay 55|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-niger-s-flood-death-toll-rises-to-55|work=[[France 24]]|access-date=29 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

14 Agoosto, sagaal qof oo kale ayaa dhintay, taasoo kor u qaadday tirada dhimashada illaa 64. Soddon iyo laba qof ayaa dhintay markii dhismayaashoodu dumeen, 32 kalena waxay ku qarqomeen biyaha fatahaadaha. Fatahaadaha iyo dhoobo-go'a ayaa saameeyay ku dhawaad 70,000 oo qof wadarta guud, iyadoo in ka badan 5,100 guryo ah ay burbureen ama waxyeelloobeen iyo 69,515 qof ay saameeyeen. Niamey, lix qof ayaa dhintay.&lt;ref name='midJune'&gt;{{cite web |title=Niger - Fatahaadaha (NOAA-CPC, FloodList, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 16 Agoosto 2021) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-floods-noaa-cpc-floodlist-media-echo-daily-flash-16-august-2021 |website=ReliefWeb |publisher=[[Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations]] (ECHO) |access-date=28 Abriil 2026 |date=16 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

23 Agoosto, tirada dhimashada ayaa hoos u dhacday illaa 62. Qaar ayaa dhintay natiijada ka dhalatay qarqomidda biyaha fatahaadaha, halka kuwo kalena ay dhinteen sababtoo ah dhismayaal soo dumay. In ka badan 100,000 oo qof ayaa saameyn ku dhacday fatahaadaha. Kumanaan guryo ah ayaa burburay, taasoo keentay khasaare. [[Niamey]], wadar ahaan 741 guryo ah ayaa burburay iyo ugu yaraan 16 dhimasho ah ayaa la soo sheegay. [[Maradi Region]], 18 qof ayaa dhintay iyo wadar ahaan 3,243 guryo ah ayaa burburay. Dhanka kale, ugu yaraan 2,354 guryo ah ayaa fatahaaduhu burburiyeen [[Zinder Region]], halka 1,040 ay ku burbureen [[Tahoua Region]]. Fatahaado ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay 413 bulsho oo ku kala baahsan 77 degmo oo ka tirsan dhammaan [[regions of Niger|gobollada Niger]].&lt;ref name='floodlist'&gt;{{cite web|date=26 Agoosto 2021|title=Niger – Fatahaado laga soo sheegay dhammaan gobollada, In ka badan 60 dhimasho ah iyo 100,000 oo ay saameeyeen|url=https://floodlist.com/africa/niger-flood-update-august-2021|website=FloodList|access-date=28 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=27 Agoosto 2021|title=Niger - Fatahaadaha iyo cudurka daacuunka (ANP, UN OCHA, NOAA-CPC, FloodList, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 27 Agoosto 2021) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/niger-floods-and-cholera-outbreak-anp-un-ocha-noaa-cpc-floodlist-media-echo-daily-flash|website=ReliefWeb|publisher=Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO)|access-date=28 Agoosto 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

30 Agoosto, in ka badan 158,000 oo qof ayaa saameeyay fatahaadaha kuwaas oo dilay 67 qof waxayna burburiyeen qiyaastii 3,000 hektar oo dalag ah. Afartan iyo shan boqolkiiba dadka ay saameeyeen waxay ku sugnaayeen Gobolka Maradi.&lt;ref name=&quot;augthirthy&quot;&gt;{{cite web  |title= WFP Niger Country Brief – Agoosto 2021  |url= https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/wfp-niger-country-brief-august-2021  |publisher= [[World Food Programme]] (WFP)  |website= ReliefWeb  |date= 31 Agoosto 2021  |access-date= 27 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sebtembar ===
24 Sebtembar, [[Ministry of Humanitarian Action and Disaster Management|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Bini'aadantinimo iyo Maareynta Masiibooyinka]] ayaa soo sheegtay in 77 qof ay dhinteen iyo in ka badan 238,000 oo qof ay saameeyeen. Tan iyo bilowgii xilliga roobka, 12,000 oo guryo ah ayaa duntay, ku dhawaad 6,000 hektar oo dhul beeraha ah ayaa fatahay, iyo in ka badan 10,000 oo xoolo ah ayaa dhintay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= West and Central Africa: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (21–27 Sebtembar 2021) |url= https://reliefweb.int/report/cameroon/west-and-central-africa-weekly-regional-humanitarian-snapshot-21-27-september-2021 |website= ReliefWeb |publisher= United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |date= 29 Sebtembar 2021 |access-date= 27 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ka jawaabista fatahaadaha Niger |url=https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/niger/responding-floods-niger#:~:text=UN%20CERF%20funding%20helps%20to,floods%20and%20cholera%20in%20Niger. |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=28 Abriil 2026 |date=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma jirin warar kale oo cusub oo la sii daayay. Wadarta guud, sida lagu sheegay warbixinta bini'aadantinimo ee sannadlaha ah ee [[UNICEF]] ee Niger, wadar ahaan 250,331 qof ayaa saameeyeen fatahaadaha, oo ay ku jiraan 77 dhimasho ah. Gobollada ugu daran ee ay saameeyeen waxay ahaayeen Maradi (104,032 saameeyeen), Zinder (29,635 saameeyeen), iyo Tahoua (25,663 saameeyeen). Iyadoo la adeegsanayo Habka Jawaab-celinta Degdegga ah (RRM), UNICEF waxay siisay gargaar degdeg ah dadka ay saameeyeen meelaha fatahaaduhu saameeyeen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Niger Warbixinta Xaaladda Bini'aadantinimo No. 4, Dhammaadkii Sannadka 2021 |url=https://www.unicef.org/media/116641/file/Niger%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20No.%204%2C%20End%20of%20Year%202021.pdf |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |access-date=27 Abriil 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sababaha ==
Maadaama Niger ay u nugul tahay fatahaadaha degdegga ah ee xilliyeed inta lagu jiro [[rainy season|xilliga roobka]] sannadlaha ah laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar, [[Rain|roobab mahiigaan ah]] ayaa ah sababta ugu weyn ee fatahaadaha dalka.&lt;ref name='floodlist2' /&gt; Waxyaabaha kale ee gacan ka geysta waxaa ka mid ah xannibaadda [[Flood control channel|marinnada fatahaadaha]], [[river overflow|webiyo fatahay]], biyaha laga sii daayay [[Dam|biyo-xireennada]], iyo [[Levee|darbiyada difaaca]] oo dillaacay.&lt;ref name='cause' /&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[List of deadliest floods|Liiska fatahaadaha ugu dhimashada badan]]
*[[List of floods|Liiska fatahaadaha]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

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    <title>Musiibadii Biyo xireenka Qashinka Macdanta ee Merriespruit</title>
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'''Masiibadii biyo-xireenka harraadka ee Merriespruit''' waxay dhacday habeenkii 22 Febraayo 1994 markii uu biyo-xireen nooca '''tailings dam''' ah (biyo-xireen lagu kaydiyo haraadiga macdanta) uu dillaacay, kaas oo fatahaad u geystay xaafadda Merriespruit, [[Virginia, Free State]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Toddoba iyo toban qof ayaa ku dhintay natiijadaas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;&gt;Wagener, 1997&lt;/ref&gt; 

Galabnimadii maalintii uu dillaacay biyo-xireenka, waxaa dhacay duufaan roobaad, waxaana 30 daqiiqo gudahood ku da'ay qiyaastii 50 mm oo roob ah. Markii uu biyo-xireenku dillaacay, 600,000 oo mitir saddex jibbaaran ($m^3$) oo dhoobo macdan ah ayaa qulqulay 4 km. Guryaha ugu dhow waxay ku yaalleen 300 m oo ka hooseeya biyo-xireenka; markii mawjadda biyaha iyo haraadiga macdantu ay gaareen, waxay ahayd 2.5 m oo dherer ah.

Toddoba iyo toban qof ayaa dhintay, waxaana dhacay burbur baahsan iyo khasaare deegaanka ah. Siddeetan guryo ayaa la burburiyay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;&gt;Niekerk, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalka ==
Marka dhagaxa dahabka leh la warshadeeyo oo [[Gold extraction|dahabka]] laga soo saaro, agabka haray waxaa loo raro biyo-xireennada haraadiga macdanta (tailings dams) si loo qashin-bixiyo, sida kiisku ahaa xarunta Merriespruit No. 4.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt;

=== Habka dhismaha ===
Sida caadiga ah ee haraadiga dahabka ee Koonfur Afrika, biyo-xireenka haraadiga macdanta ee Merriespruit waxaa loo dhisay iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka &quot;upstream semi-dry paddock&quot;, halkaas oo xadka dibadda ee &quot;daywall&quot; la dhiso, lagana oggolaado inuu dejiyo oo qallalo (sida caadiga ah waxaa la sameeyaa maalintii iyadoo la kormeerayo) ka hor inta aan dhoobada lagu shubin &quot;nightpan&quot; (sida caadiga ah waxaa la sameeyaa habeenkii iyadoo aan la kormeerin). [[Penstock]] (tuubo biyo-saar) ayaa sida ugu habboon loogu meeleeyaa bartamaha biyo-xireenka, taas oo biyaha (oo ay ku jiraan biyaha roobka) ka saarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt;

=== Taariikhda biyo-xireenka ===
Biyo-xireenka No. 4A ee dhismaha haraadiga macdanta ee Harmony Gold Mine ayaa dillaacay. Biyo-xireenka waxaa horraantii 1970-yadii nashqadeeyay maareeyaha biraha ee macdanta iyo wakiil ka socday qandaraaslaha dhismaha biyo-xireenka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt; Magaalada Merriespruit, oo ah xaafad leh 250 guryo oo ka tirsan magaalada dahabka ee [[Virginia, Free State|Virginia]], ayaa horay u jirtay markii biyo-xireenka No. 4 la bilaabay 1978. Darbiga waqooyi ee biyo-xireenka wuxuu ahaa 320 m oo keliya u jira guryaha ugu dhow ee Merriespruit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt;

Sannadihii hore, dhoobadu waxay lahayd cufnaan hoose, taasoo horseedday xaalado dhismo oo adag oo leh dhex-bax iyo dhoobo-go'a derbiga waqooyi. Biyo-xireen (buttress) haraadiga macdanta ah oo la miiray ayaa laga dhisay wajiga derbiga waqooyi. Hal ringmain oo ku wareegsan biyo-xireenka looma isticmaalin, taas oo ka soo horjeedda dhaqanka hadda. Biyo-xireen dib-u-celin biyo ah oo aqbali kara biyaha ka imanaya biyo-xireenka laftiisa looma samayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt;

Bishii Maarso 1993, kormeer ayaa lagu ogaaday dhex-bax ku yaal derbiga waqooyi, waxaana lagu heshiiyay in la joojiyo shubidda qaybta 4A.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt; Sida uu sheegay qandaraasluhu, &quot;freeboard&quot; (masaafada u dhaxaysa biyaha iyo sare ee derbiga) xilligan wuxuu ahaa 1.0+ m oo la aqbali karo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt; Kala qaybinta u dhaxaysa qaybaha 4A iyo 4B ayaa dillaacday wakhti ka hor masiibada, taasoo keentay in biyuhu ka daataan 4B kuna soo qulqulaan 4A.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt; Dheecaanka dheeriga ah wuxuu horseeday freeboard dhan 300 mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt; In kasta oo la joojiyay dhismaha derbiga, shubidda biyaha warshadda ee dheeraadka ah ee ay ku jiraan haraadiga macdanta ayaa sii socday, iyadoo biyaha uu penstock-ku saarayay, haraadigana ay buuxiyeen wixii ka haray freeboard-ka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt;

[[Piezometer]] ayaa la rakibay waxaana la ogaaday [[water table|heerka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa]]; qandaraasluhu wuxuu xisaabiyay xasilloonida [[factor of safety|cabbirka badbaadada]] inuu yahay 1.34.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt;

Biyo-xireenka No. 4 wuxuu ku jiray xaalad aan la aqbali karin ka hor inta uusan dillaacin. Si ka duwan shuruudaha sharciyeynta, wakhtigii uu dillaacayay biyo-xireenku ma lahayn awood uu ku ilaaliyo 0.5 m freeboard inta lagu jiro duufaan dhacda hal mar 100-kii sanaba mar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt; Sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka ayaa muujiyay in biyuhu ay fadhiyeen derbiga waqooyi bishii Febraayo 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;Strydom&quot;/&gt;

== Qiraallada goobjoogayaasha ==
Goobjooge ayaa soo sheegay biyo xoog leh oo soo galaya magaalada hoose ee biyo-xireenka 7:00 pm habeenkii masiibada, taas oo aan ahayn markii ugu horreysay ee ifafaale noocaas ah dhaco. Hal qof ayaa soo sheegay inuu arkay biyo ku qulqulaya dusha sare ee derbiga biyo-xireenka. Markii shirkadda macdanta iyo qandaraasluhu ay soo gaareen goobta habeenkaas, mid ka mid ah shaqaalaha qandaraaslaha ayaa helay biyo gaaraya dusha sare ee penstock-ga; ka dibna wuxuu ka saaray giraangiraha labada meel ee biyuhu ka baxaan. Shaqaale kale ayaa arkay baloogyo haraadiga macdanta ah oo ka soo dhacaya derbiga buttress-ka. Kahor intaanay ka digin dadka deggan magaalada, waxay maqleen dhawaaq weyn markii uu biyo-xireenku dillaacay oo mawjad haraadiga macdanta iyo biyaha ah ay fatahaad ku sameeyeen magaalada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wagener 1997&quot;/&gt;

== Baaritaan ==
[[File:Tesero, cimitero delle vittime di Stava - Memoriale Merriespruit.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Gunta xusuusta ee masiibada Merriespruit oo ku taal qabuuraha dhibbanayaasha [[Val di Stava dam collapse|Masiibadii Dooxada Stava]], ee [[Tesero]] ([[Italy]]); qoraalku wuxuu u turjumayaa sidan: ''&quot;Badbaadayaasha Dooxada Stava waxay xusuustaan si qadhaadh iyo shucuur leh dhibbanayaasha dillaaca biyo-xireenka Harmony, kaas oo 22-kii Febraayo 1994 burburiyay xaafadda Merriespruit ee magaalada Virginia ee Koonfur Afrika, waxayna dib u cusbooneysiinayaan digniinta ah in marnaba aysan shaqada ninku noqon sabab dhimasho iyo burbur&quot;'']]
Baaritaanno kala duwan ayaa waxaa sameeyay mulkiilaha, hawlwadeenka, iyo Dowladda.

Baaritaan wadajir ah ayaa la sameeyay, iyadoo garsoore uu magacaabay [[Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development|Wasiirka Caddaaladda]]. Dowladdu waxay samaysay baaritaanno ay ku jiraan fiirinta qiraallada goobjoogayaasha, xogta cimilada iyo biyaha, tijaabinta haraadiga macdanta ee shaybaarka, sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka, iyo daraasado ku saabsan biyaha ku dul qulqulaya biyo-xireenka iyadoo la isticmaalayo moodel cabbirkiisu yar yahay. Macdanta iyo qandaraaslaha maamulayay haraadiga macdanta ayaa loo helay inay masuul ka yihiin masiibada. Baaritaanka ayaa horseeday soo bandhigidda ''Code of Practice for Mine Residue Deposits'' (Xeerka Ku-dhaqanka ee Kaydka Haraadiga Macdanta).&lt;ref name=&quot;Strydom&quot;&gt;Strydom, 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

Garsooruhu wuxuu ku tilmaamay biyo-xireenka inuu yahay bam waqtiyeysan oo sugaya inuu qarxo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt;

Mulkiilaha, hawlwadeenka, iyo lix ka mid ah shaqaalahooda ayaa lagu helay dambi ah dayacaad, waxaana lagu soo rogay ganaaxyo culus. Waxaa la ogaaday in cadaadiska dhaqaale uu horseeday dhimista shaqaalaha la xiriira biyo-xireenka haraadiga macdanta, maareeyaha biraha ee maamulka tooska ah ee biyo-xireenka ayaa hoos loo dhigay sababo la xiriira waqti yari, shaqaalahana waxaa loo dalacsiiyay jagooyin aysan u lahayn khibrad ku filan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt;

Dowladda Koonfur Afrika waxay u magacawday [[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]] (Golaha Cilmi-baarista Sayniska iyo Warshadaha) inay baaraan, taas oo xaqiijisay gunaanadkii la gaaray; natiijo ahaan waxaa la soo bandhigay 1995 Draft Code of Practice for the Design, Operation, and Closure of Tailings Dams (Qabyo-qoraalka Xeerka Ku-dhaqanka ee Nashqadeynta, Hawlgelinta, iyo Xiridda Biyo-xireennada Haraadiga Macdanta).&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt;

== Cawaaqibta ==
Wacyiga dadwaynaha ee khatarta biyo-xireennada haraadiga macdanta ayaa horseeday cadaadis bulsho oo ka hortagay codsi balaarin oo loogu talagalay biyo-xireen haraadiga macdanta ah oo u jirta 1 km guryo ku yaal [[Fleurhof, Gauteng|Fleurhof]] 1992-kii. Hawlwadeenka, oo sidoo kale masuul ka ah inta badan biyo-xireennada haraadiga macdanta ee Koonfur Afrika, ayaa magacaabay shaqaale aqoon leh wuxuuna hirgeliyay xeelad maareynta khatarta ah biyo-xireen kasta oo haraadiga macdanta ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Niekerk&quot;/&gt;

== Qoraallo ==
{{reflist}}

== Tixraacyo ==
* {{cite journal |last= Wagener |first= F |year= 1997|title= Biyo-xireenka haraadiga macdanta ee Merriespruit: Dulmar iyo casharadii laga bartay|journal= SAICE Journal |volume= 39|issue= 3|pages= 11–15}}
* {{cite journal |last= Strydom|first= J |author2=Williams, A|year= 1999 |title= Dib u eegis ku saabsan natiijooyin farsamo oo muhiim ah oo xiiso leh oo ku saabsan dillaaca biyo-xireenka haraadiga macdanta ee Merriespruit |journal= SAICE Journal |volume= 41|issue= 4|pages= 1–9}}
* {{cite journal |doi= 10.1002/ldr.681 |last= Niekerk |first= H |author2=Viljoen, M |year= 2005 |title= Sababaha iyo cawaaqibta Merriespruit iyo dillaaca biyo-xireennada kale ee haraadiga macdanta|journal= Land Degradation &amp; Development |volume= 16|issue= 2 |pages= 201–212|s2cid= 131316995 }}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081030000121/http://www.tailings.info/merriespruit.htm Dulmar iyo sawirro midab leh oo laga helay tailings.info]

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'''Praia da Varandinha''' waa xeeb ku taal xeebta koonfur-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://viagensabreu.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/ilha-da-boa-vista-banhos-de-sol-e-mar/|title=Ilha da Boa Vista, banhos de sol be mar|trans-title=Jasiiradda Boa Vista, Qubeyska Qorraxda iyo Badda|publisher=Wordpress|language=pt|date=25 Febraayo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay dhacdaa waqooyiga gasiiradda [[Ponta Varandinha]]. Xeebtu waxay qayb ka tahay aagga la ilaaliyo ee [[Morro de Areia Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Morro de Areia]].&lt;ref name=munic&gt;[http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo ee jasiiradda Boa Vista] - Degmada Boa Vista, Maarso 2013 {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.areasprotegidas.gov.cv/images/RESERVAS%20NATURAIS_pdf.pdf Kaydka dabiiciga ah ee Cape Verde]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[List of beaches of Cape Verde|Liiska xeebaha Cape Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Commonscat}}
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      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:24:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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| name             = Xeebta Varandinha
| other_name       = 
| image            = Praia da Varandinha.JPG
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = Praia da Varandinha
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Koonfur-galbeed [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{Coord|16.0527|-22.9613}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = 
| embedded         = 
}}
'''Xeebta Varandinha''' waa xeeb ku taal xeebta koonfur-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://viagensabreu.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/ilha-da-boa-vista-banhos-de-sol-e-mar/|title=Ilha da Boa Vista, banhos de sol be mar|trans-title=Jasiiradda Boa Vista, Qubeyska Qorraxda iyo Badda|publisher=Wordpress|language=pt|date=25 Febraayo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay dhacdaa waqooyiga gasiiradda [[Ponta Varandinha]]. Xeebtu waxay qayb ka tahay aagga la ilaaliyo ee [[Morro de Areia Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Morro de Areia]].&lt;ref name=munic&gt;[http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo ee jasiiradda Boa Vista] - Degmada Boa Vista, Maarso 2013 {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.areasprotegidas.gov.cv/images/RESERVAS%20NATURAIS_pdf.pdf Kaydka dabiiciga ah ee Cape Verde]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[List of beaches of Cape Verde|Liiska xeebaha Cape Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Commonscat}}
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>8eoy5vb4xb7wmz47yp4y6uyin5j3ysm</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Xeebta Flamengos</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>299244</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:27:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1803" sha1="o6cav5tb3ll6kojs1vgztvjj7fpeemy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Xeebta Flamengos
| other_name       = 
| image            = 
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = Flamengos
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Koonfur-galbeed [[São Vicente, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{coord|16.807|-25.045|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = waddo ciid ah
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Xeebta Flamengos''' (sidoo kale: ''Praia de Flamengo'') waa xeeb ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]].&lt;ref name=dgt&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4126/1/IRTUR2_SV%20final.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município de S. Vicente], Direcção Geral do Turismo, bogga 36&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay 2.5 km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa tuulada [[São Pedro, Cape Verde|São Pedro]] iyo 11 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa [[Mindelo]]. Waxaa laga heli karaa dhanka waqooyi-bari iyadoo la marayo waddo ciid ah.&lt;ref name=dgt/&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==

*[http://mindelo.info/gal_flamengos.html Flamengos oo ku taal mindelo.info] {{in lang|fr}}

{{São Vicente}}

[[Category:Juquraafiga São Vicente, Cape Verde]]
[[Category:Xeebaha Cape Verde]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>299245</id>
      <parentid>299244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:28:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Xiriirinta dibadda */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1687" sha1="rlpwnck7eltkwrqc2skaxjvzz5pte3j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Xeebta Flamengos
| other_name       = 
| image            = 
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = Flamengos
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Koonfur-galbeed [[São Vicente, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{coord|16.807|-25.045|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = waddo ciid ah
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Xeebta Flamengos''' (sidoo kale: ''Praia de Flamengo'') waa xeeb ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]].&lt;ref name=dgt&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4126/1/IRTUR2_SV%20final.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município de S. Vicente], Direcção Geral do Turismo, bogga 36&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay 2.5 km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa tuulada [[São Pedro, Cape Verde|São Pedro]] iyo 11 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa [[Mindelo]]. Waxaa laga heli karaa dhanka waqooyi-bari iyadoo la marayo waddo ciid ah.&lt;ref name=dgt/&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==

*[http://mindelo.info/gal_flamengos.html Flamengos oo ku taal mindelo.info]</text>
      <sha1>rlpwnck7eltkwrqc2skaxjvzz5pte3j</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Xeebta Bisadaha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299246</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:36:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299246</origin>
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      <text bytes="1713" sha1="acf764fkdz0vzxmfxd0ylzdi89lu4k3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Xeebta Bisadaha
| other_name       = 
| image            = 
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Waqooyi-bari [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{Coord|16.194|-22.709|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = waddo
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Praia das Gatas''' (oo la macno ah [[Af-Burtaqiis]] &quot;xeebtii bisadaha&quot;) waa xeeb ciid ah oo ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]]. Tuulada ugu dhow waa [[Fundo das Figueiras]], oo 5 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta. Waxay qayb ka tahay Beerta Dabiiciga ah ee Waqooyi (''Parque Natural do Norte'').&lt;ref name=munic&gt;[http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo ee jasiiradda Boa Vista] - Degmada Boa Vista, Maarso 2013 {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jasiirad yar oo la yiraahdo [[Ilhéu dos Pássaros (Boa Vista)|Ilhéu dos Pássaros]] ayaa ku taal xeebta hortiisa ee Praia das Gatas.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gatas}}</text>
      <sha1>acf764fkdz0vzxmfxd0ylzdi89lu4k3</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>299247</id>
      <parentid>299246</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:37:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299247</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1713" sha1="69u6oao4jqcfnyjw6m2ek6x5s40iz7h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Xeebta Bisadaha
| other_name       = 
| image            = 
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Waqooyi-bari [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{Coord|16.194|-22.709|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = waddo
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Praia das Gatas''' (oo la macno ah [[Af Bortaqiis]] &quot;xeebtii bisadaha&quot;) waa xeeb ciid ah oo ku taal qaybta waqooyi-bari ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]]. Tuulada ugu dhow waa [[Fundo das Figueiras]], oo 5 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta. Waxay qayb ka tahay Beerta Dabiiciga ah ee Waqooyi (''Parque Natural do Norte'').&lt;ref name=munic&gt;[http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo ee jasiiradda Boa Vista] - Degmada Boa Vista, Maarso 2013 {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jasiirad yar oo la yiraahdo [[Ilhéu dos Pássaros (Boa Vista)|Ilhéu dos Pássaros]] ayaa ku taal xeebta hortiisa ee Praia das Gatas.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gatas}}</text>
      <sha1>69u6oao4jqcfnyjw6m2ek6x5s40iz7h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ervatão</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47814</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299248</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:40:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299248</origin>
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      <text bytes="2190" sha1="scz73mbjagymvxt157xk2wxqghp59ev" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Ervatão
| other_name       = 
| image            = Ervatão.JPG
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = Ervatão
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Koonfur-bari [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{Coord|16.042|-22.698}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = 
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Ervatão''' ama '''Porto de Ervatão''' waa xeeb ku taal xeebta koonfur-bari ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]]. Dhinaca bari ee xeebta waxaa ku yaal gasiiradda ''Ponta de Ervatão,'' halka dhinaca galbeedna ay ku taallo gasiiradda ''Ponta Cosme''. Ervatão waxay qayb ka tahay Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Qoolleyda (Af-Boortaqiis: ''Reserva Natural Tartaruga'').&lt;ref name=munic&gt;[http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo ee jasiiradda Boa Vista] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919215330/http://www.municipiodaboavista.com/boavista-capoverde/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Espa%C3%A7os-protegidos-da-Boa-Vista.pdf |date=2020-09-19 }} - Degmada Boa Vista, Maarso 2013 {{in lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aagga Ervatão wuxuu helaa 70% dhammaan qoolleyda ku mashaasha Boa Vista. Bishii Luulyo 2009, waxaa la tiriyay 8,000 oo buul qoolley ah.&lt;ref name=semana&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article43291|title=Desova das tartarugas em Cabo Verde: Biólogos sentinelas|newspaper=A Semana|language=pt|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Praia de Ervatão}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ervatao}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ponta da Fragata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47815</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299249</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:43:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299249</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2215" sha1="n9en3my5971lc5oxmxbcti5l9d10cin" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name                  = Ponta da Fragata
| other_name            = 
| type                  = [[Headland|Gasiirad]]
| image                 = Santa Maria - Costa da Fragata, Kite Surfer.JPG
| image_size            = 
| alt                   = Kite surfing oo ka socda Costa da Fragata
| caption               = 
| pushpin_map           = Cape Verde
| map_caption           = 
| pushpin_map_alt       = 
| pushpin_relief        = yes
| pushpin_label         = 
| marker_size           = 
| location              = Bari [[Sal, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref              = 
| coordinates           = {{Coord|16|38|42|N|22|53|8|W|type:landmark_source-kolossus-eswiki|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref       = 
| range                 = 
| part_of               = 
| water_bodies          = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantikada]]
| elevation_m           = 
| elevation_ref         = 
| surface_elevation_m   = 
| surface_elevation_ref = 
| highest_point         = 
| highest_elevation     = 
| length                = 
| width                 = 
| area                  = 
| depth                 = 
| drop                  = 
}}
'''Ponta da Fragata''' (oo la macno ah [[Portuguese language|Af-Boortaqiis]] &quot;caarada [[frigate|markabka dagaalka]]&quot;) waa [[headland|gasiirad]] ku taal xeebta bari ee jasiiradda [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal]], [[Cape Verde]]. Waxay ku taallaa dhinaca koonfureed ee buurta [[Serra Negra, Cape Verde|Serra Negra]], 6 km waqooyi-bari ka xigta magaalada [[Santa Maria, Cape Verde|Santa Maria]]. Koonfurta gasiiradda waxaa ku teedsan '''Costa da Fragata''', oo ah xeeb ciid ah oo dhererkeedu dhan yahay 4.7 km, taas oo ah kayd dabiici ah oo la ilaaliyo, muhiimna u ah goobta ukun-dhigashada ee [[loggerhead sea turtles|qoolleyda badda ee loggerhead]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.areasprotegidas.gov.cv/images/RESERVAS%20NATURAIS_pdf.pdf Reservas Naturais], Áreas protegidas Cabo Verde&lt;/ref&gt; Kaydka dabiiciga ah wuxuu daboolaa 3.46 km2 oo dhul ah iyo 23.47 km2 oo bad ah.&lt;ref name=resol&gt;[http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cvi154186.pdf Resolução nº 36/2016], Estratégia e Plano Nacional de Negócios das Áreas Protegidas&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Fragata}}</text>
      <sha1>n9en3my5971lc5oxmxbcti5l9d10cin</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Chã de Areia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299250</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T10:45:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299250</origin>
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      <text bytes="3438" sha1="824rw10h6nlt613x7o5rxnuacfpcmz3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Chã de Areia
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = pt
| settlement_type         = Xaafad
| image_skyline           = Praia-Plage de Gamboa (3).jpg
| image_size              = 
| image_caption           = Xeebta Gamboa
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| mottoeng                =
| image_map               = 
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|14.914|-23.512|display=it}}
| population_total        = 247
| population_as_of        = 2010
| subdivision_type        = Waddan
| subdivision_name        = [[Cape Verde|Cabo Verde]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Administrative divisions of Cape Verde|Jasiirad]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Jasiiradda Santiago]]
| subdivision_type2       = Magaalada
| subdivision_name2       = [[Praia]]
| subdivision_type3       = 
| subdivision_name3       = 
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| postal_code_type        = Koodhka boostada
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = [http://www.cmpraia.cv www.cmpraia.cv]
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Chã de Areia''' waa qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Praia]] ee jasiiradda [[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago]], [[Cape Verde]]. Dadkeedu waxay ahaayeen 247 qof tirakoobkii 2010.&lt;ref name=census10&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santiago-2/|title=Natiijooyinka tirakoobka 2010 Santiago|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 Noofambar 2016|language=Boortaqiis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay dhacdaa koonfurta iyo galbeedka bartamaha magaalada. Xaafadaha ku dhow waxaa ka mid ah [[Plateau (Praia)|Plateau]] oo dhanka waqooyi-bari ah, [[Achadinha (Praia)|Achadinha]] oo dhanka waqooyi ah, [[Várzea, Praia|Várzea]] oo dhanka galbeed ah, [[Achada Santo António]] oo dhanka koonfur-galbeed ah iyo [[Prainha, Praia|Prainha]] oo dhanka koonfur ah. Waddooyinkeeda ugu waaweyn waa Avenida Combatentes da Liberdade da Patria iyo [[Avenida Cidade de Lisboa]]. Goobaha xiisaha leh ee Chã de Areia waxaa ka mid ah xeebta Gamboa, [[Praia Harbor|dekaddii hore]] ee Praia iyo [[Arquivo Histórico Nacional (Cape Verde)|Kaydka Qaranka ee Cabo Verde]], oo ku yaalla dhismihii hore ee kastamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://casacomum.org/cc/parceiros?inst=8|title=Kaydka Qaranka ee Cabo Verde, ANCV|publisher=Casa Comum|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:231 L'estacade de Praya.jpg|thumb|left|Gamboa, Praia intii lagu guda jiray booqashadii Vandrunen ee 1899]]
[[File:Arquivo Histórico Nacional, Praia, Cape Verde.jpg|thumb|right|Dhismaha Kaydka Qaranka (ANCV)]]

Festival de Gamboa waa xaflad muusig oo sannadle ah oo ka dhacda xeebta Gamboa. Waxay dhacdaa saddex maalmood oo isku xigta bisha Maajo, waana mid ka mid ah munaasabadaha muusiga ee ugu waaweyn Cabo Verde.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.caboverde-info.com/content/download/8370/73135/version/1/file/Inventa%CC%81rio+dos+Recursos+Turi%CC%81sticos+da+Praia+%E2%80%93+Santiago.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município da Praia], Direcção Geral do Turismo, bogga 43-44&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Gamboa Beach (Praia)}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xeebta Carquejinha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47817</id>
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| name             = Xeebta Carquejinha
| other_name       = 
| image            = Boa Vista ( Riu Tuareg ) - panoramio (1).jpg
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = Tuareg Resort oo ku yaalla tuulada Curral Velho oo ka soo horjeeda Praia de Carquejinha
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Koonfur-galbeed [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{Coord|15.976|-22.855|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = 
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Xeebta Carquejinha''' waa xeeb ku taal xeebta koonfureed ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://viagensabreu.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/ilha-da-boa-vista-banhos-de-sol-e-mar/|title=Ilha da Boa Vista, banhos de sol be mar|trans-title=Jasiiradda Boa Vista, Qubeyska Qorraxda iyo Badda|publisher=Wordpress|language=pt|date=25 Febraayo 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xeebaha deriska la ah waa [[Praia de Santa Mónica]] oo dhanka galbeed ah iyo Praia de Curral Velho oo dhanka bari ah. Xeebtu waxay dhererkeedu dhan yahay qiyaastii 8 km.

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[List of beaches of Cape Verde|Liiska xeebaha Cape Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Carquejinha}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xeebta Cabral</title>
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| name             = Xeebta Cabral
| other_name       = 
| image            = Praia de Cabral.JPG
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = Praia de Cabral iyo dekeddeeda dhulka ah
| pushpin_map      = 
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Waqooyi-galbeed [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde]] meel u dhow [[Sal Rei]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{Coord|16.185|-22.918|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 2 km
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = waddo
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}

'''Praia de Cabral''' waa xeeb ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] ee dalka [[Cape Verde]] meel u dhow magaalada [[Sal Rei]]. Meel u dhow Praia de Fátima waxaa ku yaal kaniisad duug ah oo la dayacay oo ah [[:commons:Category:Capela de Nossa Senhora de Fátima (Boa Vista, Cape Verde)|kiniisadda Our Lady of Fatima]].

== Sidoo kale eeg ==
*[[Tourism in Cape Verde|Dalxiiska Cape Verde]]

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[http://www.cabo-verde-foto-com/Kap-Verde-Fotogallerie-d-aspx?Place=Praia%20de%20Cabral Praia de Cabral cabo-verde-foto.com]{{Dead link|date=Maajo 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Af-Ingiriisi, Af-Jarmal iyo Af-Boortaqiis

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xeebta Cabral}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Boca de Lapa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47819</id>
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      <text bytes="1641" sha1="rr56zljt3q0mfm54wygbz7f6u6sp7xu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Boca de Lapa
| other_name       = 
| image            = 
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| pushpin_map      = Cape Verde
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Koonfur-bari [[São Vicente, Cape Verde]]
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{coord|16.812|-24.871|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = waddo
| embedded         = 
}}
'''Boca de Lapa''' waa xeeb ku taal koonfur-bari ee jasiiradda [[São Vicente, Cape Verde|São Vicente]], [[Cape Verde]].&lt;ref name=dgt&gt;[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/4126/1/IRTUR2_SV%20final.pdf Inventário dos recursos turísticos do município de S. Vicente], Direcção Geral do Turismo, bogga 37&lt;/ref&gt; Hirarku waa kuwo xooggan xeebtan, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid caan ka ah dadka [[Surfing|ciyaara surfiga]], kuwaas oo ugu yeera &quot;Sandy Beach&quot; (Xeebta Ciidda). Waxaa lagu gaari karaa oo kaliya waddo ciid ah.&lt;ref name=dgt/&gt; Waxay 4.5 km koonfur ka xigtaa [[Calhau]].

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
* [http://mindelo.info/gal_boca_da_lapa.html Boca da Lapa oo ku taal mindelo.info] {{in lang|fr}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Praia Baixo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47820</id>
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| name       = Praia Baixo
| image_skyline  = 
| image_caption  = 
| coordinates = {{coord|15.0595|-23.4721|type:adm1st_region:CV_dim:50000|display=inline,title}}
| image_map   = 
| key         = 75108
| area        = 
}}

Praia Baixo waa tuulo xeebeed ku taal qaybta koonfur-bari ee jasiiradda [[Santiago Island (Galápagos)|Santiago]], [[Cape Verde]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay degmada [[São Domingos de Rana|São Domingos]] iyo parroquia-da Nossa Senhora da Luz.

== Goobta ==
Praia Baixo waxay ku taal xeebta bari ee jasiiradda [[Santiago Island (Galápagos)|Santiago]] qiyaastii:

* 1.5 km dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta Achada Baleia
* 11 km dhanka koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Pedra Badejo]]
* 10 km dhanka bari ka xigta [[São Domingos de Rana|São Domingos]]
* 16 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigta caasimadda, [[Praia]]

Tirakoobkii 2010, tirada dadka Praia Baixo waxay ahayd 952 qof. Qiyaaso dhowaan la sameeyay ayaa soo jeedinaya in ay kor u kacday ilaa qiyaastii 1,400 oo qof, taas oo muujinaysa horumar tartiib-tartiib ah oo ka socda aagga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Início |url=https://ine.cv |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=INE |language=pt-pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juqraafiyiinta iyo Deegaanka ==
Tuuladu waxay ku hareeraysan tahay dhagaxyo dhaadheer iyo muuqaallo cagaaran, taas oo ka dhigaysa goob qurux badan. Xeebaheedu waxay caan ku yihiin biyo deggan iyo nolosha badda oo firfircoon, kuwaas oo soo jiita dadka deegaanka iyo dalxiisayaashaba.

== Dhaqaalaha iyo Dalxiiska ==
In kasta oo ay dhaqan ahaan tahay [[Fishing village|tuulo kalluumaysi]], Praia Baixo waxay arkaysaa xiiso sii kordhaya oo ka imanaya dadka xiiseeya [[Ecotourism|dalxiiska deegaanka]] iyo ciyaaraha biyaha. Xeebaha saafiga ah iyo biyaha cad ee aagga ayaa ka dhigaya goob aad u fiican:

* Dabaasha iyo dabaasha maaskaro (snorkeling)
* [[Diving (sport)|Dabaasha hoose]] (iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay reef-yada dhagaxa coral-ka)
* Surfing iyo windsurfing

== Ilaalinta Qoolleyda Badda ==
Xeebta Praia Baixo waxay u adeegtaa goob ukun-dhigasho oo loogu talagalay [[Loggerhead sea turtle|qoolleyda badda ee Loggerhead]] (Caretta caretta). Barnaamij ilaalinta ah ayaa waxaa maamula [[University of Algarve]], Faro, Boortaqiiska, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay in la ilaaliyo qoolleydaan khatarta ugu jirta dabar-goynta iyo in la hubiyo ukun-dhigashadooda iyo dhalashadooda oo guulaysata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Tartaruga |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/RwUhkfABB6UTXg |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Google Arts &amp; Culture |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cimilada ==
Praia Baixo waxay leedahay [[Tropical climate|cimilada kuleylaha]], iyadoo heerkulku uu diirran yahay sanadka oo dhan. Waqtiga ugu wanaagsan ee safarka waa laga bilaabo Noofambar ilaa Juun, marka:

* Heerkulka maalintii uu u dhexeeyo 24-29°C (75-84°F)
* Heerkulka biyuhu uu u dhexeeyo 23-26°C (73-79°F)

== Gaadiidka ==
Tuulada waxaa laga gaari karaa waddooyin maxalli ah oo ku xira [[São Domingos de Rana|São Domingos]] iyo [[Praia]]. Gaadiidka dadwaynaha waa la heli karaa, laakiin taksiyada ama gaadiidka gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa badanaa lagula taliyaa si loo helo raaxo dheeraad ah.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
*[https://saltrips.com/blog/santa-maria-top-ten-restaurants.html Makhaayadaha Santa Maria]</text>
      <sha1>jjopa0q5j6eu486fcdtf99jd3zam3o4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox beach</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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  <page>
    <title>La Preneuse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47822</id>
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      <id>299256</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:17:23Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
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      <text bytes="1073" sha1="npgu4uislwv9m8p3adz5gynmjevq7gt" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:La-preneuse-beach-mauritius.jpg|thumb|alt=Alt La Preneuse Beach, Mauritius|Xeebta La Preneuse, Mauritius]] 
'''La Preneuse''' waa xeeb dadweyne oo ku taal xeebta galbeed ee jasiiradda [[Mauritius]], gaar ahaan degmada [[Rivière Noire District|Rivière Noire]], waxayna ku taallaa tuulada Black River. Waxaa loogu magac daray markab Faransiis ah, [[frigate|markabka dagaalka]] [[French frigate Preneuse (1794)|''Preneuse'']], kaas oo u adeegay sidii markab ganacsi oo weerar ah oo ku sugnaa [[Isle de France (Mauritius)|Isle de France]] (sida Mauritius loogu yeeri jiray xilligaas) isla markaana ka qayb qaatay dagaal badeed lala galay Ingiriiska qarnigii 18-aad. Xeebtu waxay hoy u tahay [[Martello tower|munaaraddii Martello]] ee ugu wanaagsan ee laga ilaaliyo Mauritius.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|first=Jan|last=Dodd|date=2004|title=Mauritius, Reunion and Seychelles|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|isbn=1-74059-301-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mauritiusreunion0000dodd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{coord|-20.354|57.366|display=title}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xeebta Jaziira</title>
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    <id>47823</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:34:48Z</timestamp>
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| native_name_lang         = &lt;small&gt;''Xeebta Jasiira''&lt;/small&gt;
| image_skyline            = Mogadishu 8th picture.jpg
| settlement_type          = Xeebta Jasiira
| pushpin_map              = Somalia
| pushpin_map_caption      = Goobta ay ku taal Soomaaliya.
| pushpin_label_position   = bottom
| subdivision_type         = Waddan
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Somalia}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobol]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Banaadir]]
| unit_pref                = Metric
| utc_offset               = +3
| timezone1                = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|coordinates               = {{coord|01|56|38|N|45|10|01|E|region:SO-BN|display=inline,title}}
}
}}

'''Xeebta Jasiira''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano Jazeera Beach; {{langx|so|Xeebta Jasiira}} ama {{lang|so|Xeebta Jaziira}}) waa xeeb ku teedsan Badda Soomaaliyeed oo u dhow magaalada [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]], oo ah caasimadda [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] xeebta waxay leedahay qurux aad u cajiib ah oo soo dhawaysa dal xiisa yaasha.


&lt;gallery widths=180&gt;
File:Xeebta Jazeera.jpg|
File:Jazeera beach view.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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| native_name_lang         = &lt;small&gt;''Xeebta Jasiira''&lt;/small&gt;
| image_skyline            = Mogadishu 8th picture.jpg
| settlement_type          = Xeebta Jasiira
| pushpin_map              = Somalia
| pushpin_map_caption      = Goobta ay ku taal Soomaaliya.
| pushpin_label_position   = bottom
| subdivision_type         = Waddan
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Somalia}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobol]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmo]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Banaadir]]
| unit_pref                = Metric
| utc_offset               = +3
| timezone1                = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|coordinates               = {{coord|01|56|38|N|45|10|01|E|region:SO-BN|display=inline,title}}
}
}}

'''Xeebta Jasiira''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano Jazeera Beach; {{langx|so|Xeebta Jasiira}} ama {{lang|so|Xeebta Jaziira}}) waa xeeb ku teedsan Badda Soomaaliyeed oo u dhow magaalada [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]], oo ah caasimadda [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] xeebta waxay leedahay qurux aad u cajiib ah oo soo dhawaysa dal xiisa yaasha.

==Sawirro==
&lt;gallery widths=180&gt;
File:Xeebta Jazeera.jpg|
File:Jazeera beach view.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>2x2l9af57yhzoj02equkvlpcjh9c6ty</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Module:Location map/data/Sao Tome</title>
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        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: return { 	name = 'São Tomé', 	top = 0.423, 	bottom = 0.022, 	left = 6.43, 	right = 6.805, 	image = 'Sao Tome map.png' }</comment>
      <origin>299259</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="121" sha1="akgtrg48t46d8l74sl4uwhvdee5ihg4" xml:space="preserve">return {
	name = 'São Tomé',
	top = 0.423,
	bottom = 0.022,
	left = 6.43,
	right = 6.805,
	image = 'Sao Tome map.png'
}</text>
      <sha1>akgtrg48t46d8l74sl4uwhvdee5ihg4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Praia Inhame</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47825</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299260</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:39:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299260</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2133" sha1="p7o6m5xk4erjnlxa5f625cnhvraz4qx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox landform
| name             = Praia Inhame
| other_name       = 
| image            = Sao Tome Praia Inhame 14.jpg
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = Praia Inhame
| pushpin_map      = Sao Tome
| map_width        = 
| map_caption      = Praia Inhame
| pushpin_map_alt  = 
| pushpin_relief   = 
| pushpin_label    = 
| mark             = 
| marker_size      = 
| location         = Koonfurta [[São Tomé Island|jasiiradda São Tomé]], São Tomé iyo Príncipe meel u dhow Porto Alegre
| grid_ref         = 
| grid_ref_UK      = 
| grid_ref_Ireland = 
| coordinates      = {{Coord|0.0248|6.5197|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref  = 
| range            = 
| part_of          = 
| water_bodies     = 
| length           = 
| formed_by        = 
| type             = Xeeb
| free_label_1     = Waxaa ilaaliya
| free_data_1      = 
| free_label_2     = Qiimeynta khatarta
| free_data_2      = 
| free_label_3     = Helitaanka
| free_data_3      = 
| embedded         = {{succession links|left=|right=}}
}}
'''Praia Inhame''' waa xeeb ku taal qaybta ugu koonfureed ee [[São Tomé Island|jasiiradda São Tomé]] ee dalka [[São Tomé iyo Príncipe]]. Waxay si toos ah u dhacdaa dhinaca bari ee barta ugu koonfureed ee jasiiradda, ''Ponta Homem da Capa'', iyo 2 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta tuulada [[Porto Alegre, São Tomé and Príncipe|Porto Alegre]]. Waxaa xeebta u dhow [[Eco hotel|hoteel dabiici ah]]. [[Canal das Rolas]] ayaa u dhexeeya xeebtan iyo [[Ilhéu das Rolas]].

Nooc cusub oo mas ah ayaa laga helay meel u dhow xeebta sannadkii 2017. Waxaa loogu magac daray ''[[Naja peroescobari]]'', loona bixiyay sahamiyihii reer Boortaqiis ee qarnigii 15-aad [[Pêro Escobar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ceríaco |first=L.M.P. |last2=Marques |first2=M.P. |last3=Schmitz |first3=A. |last4=Bauer |first4=A.M. |year=2017 |title= The “Cobra-preta” of São Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea, is A New Species of Naja Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata: Elapidae) |publisher= Zootaxa |volume=4324 |issue=1 |pages=121–141 |doi= 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.1.7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tixraacyo ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Inhame Praia}}</text>
      <sha1>p7o6m5xk4erjnlxa5f625cnhvraz4qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Location map/data/South Africa Northern Cape</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>47826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299261</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:43:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: return { 	name = 'Northern Cape', 	top = -24.25, 	bottom = -33.25, 	left = 16, 	right = 26, 	image = 'South Africa Northern Cape location map.svg', 	image1 = 'South Africa Northern Cape relief location map.svg' }</comment>
      <origin>299261</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="212" sha1="m1l20y82m7yyvna779okk0nl89falrs" xml:space="preserve">return {
	name = 'Northern Cape',
	top = -24.25,
	bottom = -33.25,
	left = 16,
	right = 26,
	image = 'South Africa Northern Cape location map.svg',
	image1 = 'South Africa Northern Cape relief location map.svg'
}</text>
      <sha1>m1l20y82m7yyvna779okk0nl89falrs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Riemvasmaak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47827</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299262</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:43:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: {{Infobox settlement | name                    = Riemvasmaak | image_skyline           = Steel plate building in Riemvasmaak, South Africa.jpg | image_caption           = Dhisme [[Steel plate|taar bir ah]] oo ku yaalla Riemvasmaak | pushpin_map             = South Africa Northern Cape | coordinates             = {{coord|28.383|S|20.083|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type        = Waddan | subdivision_name        = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_ty...</comment>
      <origin>299262</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6681" sha1="67723p1ytxyo89h99a4w0xttjv5pwn6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Riemvasmaak
| image_skyline           = Steel plate building in Riemvasmaak, South Africa.jpg
| image_caption           = Dhisme [[Steel plate|taar bir ah]] oo ku yaalla Riemvasmaak
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Northern Cape
| coordinates             = {{coord|28.383|S|20.083|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Waddan
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]
| subdivision_type1       = Gobol
| subdivision_name1       = [[Northern Cape|Koonfurta Cape]]
| subdivision_type2       = Degmo
| subdivision_name2       = [[ZF Mgcawu District Municipality|ZF Mgcawu]]
| subdivision_type3       = Degmada
| subdivision_name3       = [[Kai !Garib Local Municipality|Kai !Garib]]
| subdivision_type4       = Meel Weyn
| established_title       = La aasaasay
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/378002 |title = Main Place Riemvasmaak |work=Census 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 1.04
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 694
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Isirka (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Madowga Afrika]]
| demographics1_info1     = 23.6%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 43.7%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Hindi]]/[[Asian South African|Aasiyaati]]
| demographics1_info3     = 0.1%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|Caddaan]]
| demographics1_info4     = 0.3%
| demographics1_title5    = Kuwo kale
| demographics1_info5     = 32.3%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language|Afafka koowaad]] (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info1     = 95.3%
| demographics2_title2    = [[South African English|Ingiriisi]]
| demographics2_info2     = 1.4%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info3     = 1.0%
| demographics2_title4    = 
| demographics2_info4     = 
| demographics2_title5    = Kuwo kale
| demographics2_info5     = 2.3%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Koodhka boostada]] (waddo)
| postal_code             = 
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Koodhka aagga]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Khoekhoe}}

'''Riemvasmaak''' waa degsiimo ku taal degmada [[ZF Mgcawu District Municipality]] ee gobolka [[Northern Cape|Koonfurta Cape]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Magacu wuxuu ka dhigan yahay 'adkee xarigga' ama 'lagu xiray xarigyo'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Riemvasmaak|url=http://www.openafrica.org/participant/Riemvasmaak-Ecotourism-Project|publisher=Open Africa|accessdate=12 Janaayo 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112040314/http://www.openafrica.org/participant/Riemvasmaak-Ecotourism-Project|archivedate=12 Janaayo 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Riemvasmaak waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow [[Orange River|Wabiga Orange]], oo u dhow xuduudka Namibia. Waxaa markii hore dejiyay horraantii 1930-meeyadii dad ka soo jeeda [[Xhosa people|Xhosa]], [[Damara people|Damara]], [[Herero people|Herero]], [[Nama people|Nama]], iyo [[Coloured people|Coloured]], laakiin horraantii 1970-meeyadii, bulshada waxaa dib loogu celiyay dhulkoodii qowmiyadeed dawladdii [[apartheid]] si ay ugu suurto-gasho goob tijaabada hubka ah.&lt;ref name=stev&gt;{{cite web|title=Jo Ractliffe. The Borderlands|url=http://www.stevenson.info/exhibitions/ractliffe/index_borderlands.html|publisher=www.stevenson.info|accessdate=22 Oktoobar 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026105612/http://www.stevenson.info/exhibitions/ractliffe/index_borderlands.html|archivedate=26 Oktoobar 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxda Damara waxaa loo diray [[Khorixas]] ee [[South-West Africa]] (maanta [[Namibia|Namibiya]]) waxaana loo yaqaannay ''Riemvasmakers''. Waxaa dhul siiyay [[Tribal chief|Chief]]-ka Damara [[Justus ǁGaroëb]] si ay ugu degaan aaggaas.&lt;ref name=recognition&gt;{{Cite news
|title=Riemvasmakers seek recognition
|last=Miyanicwe
|first=Clemans
|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]
|date=22 Oktoobar 2014
|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/129523/archive-read/Riemvasmakers-seek-recognition}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sannadkii 1975, Riemvasmaak waxay noqotay goob tijaabada milatariga, Riemvasmaak Ranges, oo loogu talagalay layliyo rasaas nool oo ay sameeyeen SADF Armour, Artillery iyo Air Force ilaa 1994. Waxaa la tijaabiyay qoryaha culus ee Long Range Artillery oo cabbirkoodu yahay 120 mm iyo wixii ka sarreeya, iyo sidoo kale gantaallada hawada-ilaa-dhulka, hubka xirmooyinka iyo gantaallada dhulka-ilaa-dhulka. Sidoo kale waxaa halkaas ku sugnaa Shirkad/Squadron ka tirsan 62nd Mechanized Infantry iyo laba Shirkadood oo ka tirsan [[8 South African Infantry Battalion|8 SAI]] ee SADF, oo ay weheliyaan Target Locating Regiment ee SADF Artillery iyo Battery-ga Gantaallada Artillery. Sannadkii 1998, hannaan dib-u-celin dhul ah ayaa u oggolaaday qoysaska iyo bulshooyinka inay soo noqdaan.&lt;ref name=stev/&gt; Qaar ka mid ah ''Riemvasmakers''-kii Namibia ayaa soo noqday laakiin koox haraadi ah ayaa aasaasay maamulkooda dhaqameed. Sannadkii [[2014]], waxay {{As of|2014|alt=raadinayeen}} aqoonsi ka yimaada dawladda Namibia si loogu aqoonsado inay yihiin qabiil Damara ah oo gaar ah.&lt;ref name=recognition/&gt;

Sheegashada dhulka ee Riemvasmaakers waa ay guulaysatay waxaana tiro badan oo dad ah ay ku soo noqdeen dhulkoodii awoowayaashood sannadkii 1997{{Citation needed|date=Oktoobar 2017}}.

Aagga Melkbosrand, oo ka kooban beeraha ama aagagga loo yaqaanno Hartebeesvlak, Blousyfer iyo Wabrand ee daboola dhinaca waqooyi ee Augrabies Gorge iyo [[Augrabies Falls National Park]], ayaa baarlamaanku ka saaray magacaabista,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/3089/|title=Riemvasmaak Community Melkbosrand Deproclamation: adoption {{!}} PMG|website=pmg.org.za|language=en|access-date=2017-10-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo laga saaray beerta qaranka, iyadoo lagu xiray shuruud ah in loo isticmaalo dalxiis-deegaan ku salaysan bulshada iyo ilaalinta dabiiciga ah. Furitaanka dadweynaha waxaa la filayay 2015.

== Tixraacyo ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>67723p1ytxyo89h99a4w0xttjv5pwn6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Contains special characters</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>47828</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299263</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:45:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299263</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13643" sha1="bhxjor6wkbs3c8xorrvw3b9ybphv18r" xml:space="preserve">{{Contains special characters/core
| compact = {{{compact|}}}
| section = {{if empty|{{{section|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}
| image = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | AA = Example.of.SJIS.art.rendering.svg
 | APL = APLgradeup.svg
 | Armenian = {{{image|Armenian language in the Armenian alphabet.svg}}}
 | Asamiya | Assamese = {{{image|Wiki letter wo.svg}}}
 | Balinese = Bali Ba.png
 | Balochi | Baluchi = Balochi.svg
 | Baybayin = Baybayin Ba.svg
 | Bengali = {{{image|Bengali Conjunct Kshya.svg}}}
 | Braille = {{{image|Braille N.svg}}}
 | Burmese = Burmese character k.svg
 | Canadian = {{{image|Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Example.svg}}}
 | Cherokee = {{{image|Tsalagi word.svg}}}
 | Coptic = {{{image|CopticLetters.svg}}}
 | Anatolian cuneiform
 | Neo-Assyrian cuneiform
 | Neo-Babylonian cuneiform
 | Old Babylonian cuneiform
 | cuneiform = {{{image|Cuneform UZ.svg}}}
 | Deseret = {{{image|Deseret capital Dee.svg}}}
 | Egyptian | Egyptian hieroglyphs | hieroglyphs = Egyptian-A.PNG
 | emoticon | emoji = {{{image|Emoji u263a.svg}}}
 | Ethiopic = {{{image|Ge'ez.svg}}}
 | Georgian = {{{image|ღ.png}}}
 | Glagolitic = {{{image|GlagoliticSlovoⰔ.svg}}}
 | Gothic = {{{image|Gothic Letter Ahsa.svg}}}
 | Hebrew = {{{image|Shalom2.svg}}}
 | Hindko = Hindko.svg
 | Hokkien = O-dot.png
 | Karen = Karen text.svg
 | Khoekhoe = {{{image|Clicks.svg}}}
 | Indic = {{{image|Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg}}}
 | IPA = {{{image|Parentesi Quadre.svg}}}
 | Javanese = {{{image|Javanese ha.svg}}}
 | Khmer = {{{image|Aksar Khmer.svg}}}
 | Lanna | Northern Thai = {{{image|Lanna Tua Mueang.svg}}}
 | Lao = {{{image|Laos in Lao.svg}}}
 | Lontara = Lontara.svg
 | Manchu = {{{image|Manju gisun.svg}}}
 | Meitei = {{{image|Meetei Mayek letter I.svg}}}
 | Mongolian = {{{image|Monggol bicig.svg}}}
 | Nom = {{{image|Chu nom.svg}}}
 | Ogham = {{{image|Ogham letter ngeadal.svg}}}
 | Old Hungarian = L (rovásbetű).svg
 | Old Persian = {{{image|Old Persian mi.png}}}
 | Ottoman Turkish = {{{image|Ottoman Turkish in Nastaliq (vertical).png}}}
 | Pashto = Pashto.svg
 | Perso-Arabic = {{{image|Farsi.svg}}}
 | PIE | PIE words = PIE ǵh.svg
 | Phoenician = Phoenician_aleph.svg
 | Runic = {{{image|Tyr-runes.svg}}}
 | Saraiki = Saraiki.svg
 | Shavian = Shavian Ha-ha.svg
 | SignWriting = SignWriting-render.svg
 | Sindhi = Sindhi.svg
 | Sundanese = Sunda_Sa.png
 | Syriac = {{{image|Shlama.svg}}}
 | Tamil = {{{image|Tamil A.svg}}}
 | Tangut = {{{image|LFW2008_2403.png}}}
 | Thai = {{{image|Thai Alphabet Sample.svg}}}
 | Tibetan = Tibetan wa + (i).svg
 | Tifinagh = {{{image|Yakh.svg}}}
 | Uncommon | Uncommon Unicode | Unicode = {{{file|Replacement character.svg}}}
 | Urdu = {{{image|Urdu example.svg}}}
 | Ugaritic = {{{image|Ugaritic8-ghain-i-u-ssu.PNG}}}
 | Uyghur = {{{image|Uyghurche.png}}}
 | Vietnamese = {{{image|Chu nom.svg}}}
 | {{{image|}}}
 }}
| imageclass = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | emoticon | emoji =
 | #default = skin-invert
 }}
| link = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | emoticon | emoji = File:Emoji u263a.svg
 | Hebrew = Shalom
 | IPA = Help:IPA
 | Lanna | Northern Thai
 | Uncommon | Uncommon Unicode | Unicode = {{{link|Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character}}}
 | {{{link|}}}
 }}
| alt = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | Asamiya | Assamese = Oxomia
 | Bengali = Bengali
 | Braille = ⠝
 | Hebrew = שָׁלוֹם
 | IPA = []
 | Lanna | Northern Thai
 | Uncommon | Uncommon Unicode | Unicode = {{{alt|&lt;?&gt;}}}
 | Meitei = Meetei Mayek
 | {{{alt|}}}
 }}
| width = {{{width|}}}
| fix = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | Asamiya | Assamese = Wikipedia:Asamiya script display help
 | AA
 | Hokkien
 | Nom
 | Vietnamese = Help:Multilingual support (East Asian)
 | Anatolian cuneiform
 | Neo-Assyrian cuneiform
 | Neo-Babylonian cuneiform
 | Old Babylonian cuneiform
 | cuneiform = Help:Multilingual_support#Cuneiform
 | Egyptian | Egyptian hieroglyphs | hieroglyphs = Help:Multilingual_support#Egyptian_hieroglyphs
 | APL
 | emoticon | emoji
 | Old Hungarian
 | Shavian = Help:Special characters
 | Armenian
 | Balinese
 | Baybayin
 | Canadian
 | Cherokee
 | Coptic
 | Deseret
 | Georgian
 | Javanese
 | Khoekhoe
 | Lanna | Northern Thai
 | Lontara
 | Manchu
 | Mongolian
 | Old Persian
 | SignWriting
 | Sogdian
 | Sundanese
 | Syriac
 | Tangut 
 | Warang Citi = Help:Multilingual support#{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | Uncommon | Uncommon Unicode | Unicode = {{{fix|Help:Multilingual support}}}
 | Balochi | Baluchi
 | Hindko
 | Ottoman Turkish
 | Pashto
 | Perso-Arabic
 | Saraiki
 | Sindhi
 | Urdu
 | Uyghur = Help:Arabic
 | Bengali = Wikipedia:Bangla script display help
 | Burmese = Help:Multilingual support (Burmese)
 | Ethiopic = Help:Multilingual support (Ethiopic)
 | Gothic = Help:Gothic Unicode Fonts
 | Hebrew = Help:Hebrew
 | Indic
 | Khmer
 | Lao
 | Tamil
 | Thai
 | Tibetan = Help:Multilingual support (Indic)
 | IPA = Help:IPA#Rendering issues
 | Karen = Help:Multilingual support (Myanmar)
 | Levantine = Template:Lang#Applying_styles
 | Meitei = Wikipedia:Meitei script display help
 | Ugaritic = Help:Special characters#Ancient scripts
 | Tifinagh = Help:Multilingual support (Tifinagh)
 | #default = {{{fix|}}}
 }}
| special = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | AA = [[Shift JIS art]]
 | APL = [[APL (programming language)|APL]] [[source code|koodhka isha]]
 | Armenian = Qoraal [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
 | Asamiya | Assamese = [[Assamese alphabet|alfabeetka Asamiya]]
 | Balinese = [[Balinese alphabet|alfabeetka Balinese]]
 | Baluchi | Balochi = [[Balochi language|Qoraal Balochi]], oo qoran dhanka midig ilaa bidix iyadoo qaar ka mid ah xarfaha la isku xiray
 | Baybayin = Qoraalka [[Baybayin]]
 | Bengali = [[Bengali alphabet|Qoraal Bengali]]
 | Braille = [[Braille Patterns|Xarfaha Unicode Braille]]
 | Burmese = [[Burmese alphabet|Qoraal Burmese]]
 | Canadian = [[Canadian Aboriginal syllabics|Xarfaha silabikada Aboriginal-ka Kanada]]
 | Cherokee = [[Cherokee syllabary|Xarfaha silabikada Cherokee]]
 | Coptic = Qoraal [[Coptic language|Coptic]]
 | Anatolian cuneiform
 | Neo-Assyrian cuneiform
 | Neo-Babylonian cuneiform
 | Old Babylonian cuneiform
 | cuneiform = [[cuneiform script|Qoraalka {{{1}}}]]
 | Deseret = [[Deseret alphabet|Xarfaha alfabeetka Deseret]]
 | Egyptian | Egyptian hieroglyphs | hieroglyphs = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|Qoraal Hieroglyphic-ga Masaarida hore]]
 | emoticon | emoji = [[Emoji#In Unicode|Emoji-yada Unicode ama emoticon-yada]]
 | Ethiopic = [[Ge'ez script|Qoraal Ethiopic]]
 | Georgian = Qoraal [[Georgian language|Georgian]]
 | Glagolitic = Qoraal [[Glagolitic script|Glagolitic]]
 | Gothic = Xarfaha [[Gothic alphabet|Gothic]]
 | Hebrew = [[Hebrew alphabet|Qoraal Hebrew]]
 | Hindko = [[Shahmukhi alphabet|Qoraal Hindko]], oo qoran dhanka midig ilaa bidix iyadoo qaar ka mid ah xarfaha la isku xiray
 | Hokkien = Qoraal [[Hokkien]]
 | Indic = [[Brahmic scripts|Qoraal Indic]]
 | IPA = [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Calaamadaha dhawaaqa IPA]]
 | Javanese = Xarfaha [[Javanese script|Qoraalka Javanese]]
 | Karen = [[Karen alphabet|Qoraal Karen]]
 | Khoekhoe = [[Click consonant|calaamadaha dhawaaqa click-ga]] ee [[Khoekhoe language|luuqadda Khoekhoe]]
 | Khmer = Qoraal [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
 | Lanna | Northern Thai = [[Northern Thai language|Qoraal Lanna]]
 | Lao = Qoraal [[Lao language|Lao]]
 | Levantine = [[Levantine Arabic|Levantine oo lagu qoray xarfaha Carabi]]
 | Lontara = [[Lontara alphabet|Qoraal Lontara]]
 | Manchu = Qoraal [[Manchu language|Manchu]]
 | Meitei = [[Meitei script|alfabeetka Meitei]]
 | Mongolian = [[Mongolian script|Qoraalka Mongolian]]
 | Nom = Qoraal [[chữ Nôm]]
 | Ogham = [[Ogham|Qoraal Ogham]]
 | Old Hungarian = Qoraal [[Old Hungarian alphabet|Old Hungarian]]
 | Old Persian = Qoraal [[Old Persian language|Old Persian]]
 | Ottoman Turkish = [[Ottoman Turkish alphabet|Qoraal Ottoman Turkish]], oo qoran dhanka midig ilaa bidix iyadoo qaar ka mid ah xarfaha [[Arabic alphabet|Carabi]] iyo calaamado dheeri ah la isku xiray
 | Pashto = [[Pashto alphabet|Qoraal Pashto]]
 | Perso-Arabic = [[Persian alphabet|Qoraal Farsi]]
 | Phoenician = [[Phoenician language|Qoraal Phoenician]]
 | PIE | PIE words = Xarfaha loo isticmaalo qorista erayada dib loo dhisay ee [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] (si aad u hesho sharraxaad ku saabsan qoraalkan, eeg [[Proto-Indo-European phonology]])
 | Runic = Xarfaha [[runes|runic]]
 | Saraiki = [[Shahmukhi|Qoraal Saraiki]], oo qoran dhanka midig ilaa bidix iyadoo qaar ka mid ah xarfaha la isku xiray
 | Shavian = Qoraal [[Shavian alphabet|Shavian]]
 | SignWriting = Calaamadaha ka socda [[SignWriting|Qoraalka SignWriting]]
 | Sindhi = [[Sindhi language|Qoraal Sindhi]], oo qoran dhanka midig ilaa bidix iyadoo qaar ka mid ah xarfaha la isku xiray
 | Sogdian = [[Sogdian alphabet|Qoraal Sogdian]]
 | Sundanese = [[Sundanese alphabet|Qoraal Sundanese]]
 | Syriac = Qoraal Syriac, oo qoran dhanka midig ilaa bidix qaab cursiv ah iyadoo qaar ka mid ah xarfaha la isku xiray
 | Tamil = [[Tamil script|Qoraalka Tamil]]
 | Tangut = Qoraal [[Tangut language|Tangut]]
 | Thai = Qoraal [[Thai language|Thai]]
 | Tibetan = [[Tibetan alphabet|Qoraal Tibetan]]
 | Tifinagh = [[Tifinagh|Qoraal Tifinagh]]
 | Tirhuta = [[Tirhuta script|Qoraal Tirhuta]]
 | Uncommon | Uncommon Unicode | Unicode = {{{special|Xarfaha aan caadiga ahayn ee [[Unicode]]}}}
 | Urdu = [[Urdu alphabet|Qoraal Urdu]]
 | Ugaritic = Qoraal [[Ugaritic]]
 | Uyghur = [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Qoraal Uyghur]]
 | Vietnamese = Qoraal [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
 | Warang Citi = Xarfaha [[Warang Citi]]
 | #default = {{{special|}}}
 }}
| characters = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | AA = [[kanji]] iyo [[kana]]
 | APL = [[APL syntax and symbols|Calaamadaha APL]]
 | Armenian
 | Coptic
 | Deseret
 | Hebrew
 | Ogham = Xarfaha {{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | Balinese = Xarfaha Balinese
 | Balochi | Baluchi = [[Balochi language#Writing system|Qoraal Balochi]]
 | Baybayin = Xarfaha Baybayin
 | Braille = [[Braille|Xarfaha Braille]]
 | Burmese = [[Burmese alphabet|Qoraal Burmese]]
 | Canadian = Silabikada
 | Cherokee = Silabikada Cherokee
 | Anatolian cuneiform
 | Neo-Assyrian cuneiform
 | Neo-Babylonian cuneiform
 | Old Babylonian cuneiform
 | cuneiform = Qoraalka cuneiform
 | Egyptian | Egyptian hieroglyphs | hieroglyphs = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|Hieroglyphs-ka Masaarida]]
 | emoticon | emoji = Xarfaha loogu talagalay
 | Ethiopic = Xarfaha Ethiopic
 | Georgian = [[Georgian scripts|Xarfaha Georgian]]
 | Glagolitic = Xarfaha
 | Gothic = Xarfaha
 | Hindko = [[Shahmukhi alphabet|Qoraal Hindko]]
 | Hokkien = [[Hàn-jī]], [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]] iyo [[Tâi-lô]]
 | Indic = Qoraal Indic
 | IPA = [[Unicode]]. Si aad u hesho hage hordhac ah oo ku saabsan calaamadaha IPA, eeg [[Help:IPA]]
 | Javanese = Xarfaha Javanese
 | Karen = [[Karen alphabet|Qoraal Karen]]
 | Khmer = [[Khmer script|Qoraalka Khmer]]
 | Manchu = [[Manchu alphabet|Alfabeetka Manchu]]
 | Mongolian = Qoraal ku qoran [[Mongolian script|Qoraalka Mongolian]]
 | Lanna | Northern Thai = [[Tai Tham script|Qoraalka Tai Tham]]
 | Nom = [[chữ Nôm]]
 | Lao = [[Lao alphabet|Qoraal Lao]]
 | Lontara = Xarfaha Lontara
 | Old Hungarian = Xarfaha [[Old Hungarian alphabet|Old Hungarian]]
 | Old Persian = [[Old Persian cuneiform|Cuneiform-ka Old Persian]]
 | Pashto = [[Pashto alphabet|Qoraal Pashto]]
 | PIE | PIE words = Xarfaha isku-darka [[Unicode]] iyo xarfaha [[Latin script|Latin]]
 | Runic = Runes
 | Saraiki = [[Shahmukhi|Qoraal Saraiki]]
 | Shavian = Xarfaha [[Shavian alphabet|Shavian]]
 | SignWriting = Calaamadaha SignWriting
 | Sindhi = [[Sindhi language#Writing|Qoraal Sindhi]]
 | Sogdian = Xarfaha Sogdian
 | Sundanese = Xarfaha Sundanese
 | Syriac = [[Syriac script|Qoraal Syriac]]
 | Tamil = Qoraalka Tamil
 | Tangut = [[Tangut script|Xarfaha Tangut]]
 | Thai = [[Thai script|Qoraalka Thai]]
 | Tibetan = [[Tibetan alphabet|Xarfaha Tibetan]]
 | Tifinagh = [[Tifinagh|Xarfaha Tifinagh]]
 | Uncommon | Uncommon Unicode | Unicode = {{{characters|xarfaha loogu talagalay}}}
 | Urdu = [[Urdu alphabet|Qoraal Urdu]]
 | Ugaritic = [[Ugaritic alphabet|Alfabeetka Ugaritic]]
 | Uyghur = [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Qoraal Uyghur]]
 | Vietnamese = [[Vietnamese writing systems|Qoraallada Vietnamese]]
 | Warang Citi = Warang Citi
 | #default = {{{characters|}}}
 }}
| error = {{#switch:{{{1|{{{lang|}}}}}}
 | Asamiya | Assamese
 | Meitei = khaladaad dhanka muuqaalka ah
 | Balochi | Baluchi = xarfo aan isku xirnayn oo Balochi ah ama calaamado kale
 | Baybayin = [[mojibake|calaamado su'aal, sanduuqyo, ama calaamado kale]]
 | emoticon | emoji
 | Lanna | Northern Thai = [[Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character|calaamado su'aal, sanduuqyo, ama calaamado kale]]
 | Hindko
 | Ottoman Turkish
 | Pashto
 | Saraiki
 | Sindhi
 | Uyghur = xarfo aan isku xirnayn ama calaamado kale
 | Indic
 | Tamil = [[mojibake|calaamado su'aal ama sanduuqyo]], shaqalo la isku beddelay ama xarfo maqan
 | Levantine = {{lang|ar|احنا‎}} iyo {{lang|apc|احنا‎}} oo u muuqda laba xaraf oo kala duwan. Haddii ay sidaas tahay, [[Template:Lang#Applying_styles|codso qaabkan gaarka ah ee dejimahaaga isticmaale]]:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;css&quot;&gt;[lang=apc] { font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma; }&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
 | Syriac = xarfo aan isku xirnayn oo Syriac ah ama calaamado kale
 | Tibetan = xarfo aad u yaryar, shaqalo la isku beddelay ama xarfo maqan
 | Uncommon | Uncommon Unicode | Unicode = {{{error|[[Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character|calaamado su'aal, sanduuqyo, ama calaamado kale]]}}}
 | Urdu = xarfo aan isku xirnayn oo u socda bidix ilaa midig ama calaamado kale
 | #default = {{{error|}}}
 }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bhxjor6wkbs3c8xorrvw3b9ybphv18r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Contains special characters/core</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>47829</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299264</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:46:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>299264</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1206" sha1="kbiq85e9r3t8iym324l6rlmt3w6cs16" xml:space="preserve">{{Side box
 | class = contains-special-characters noprint selfref
 | templatestyles = Contains special characters/styles.css
 | text = 
   {{#if: {{{compact|}}}
    | Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato [[{{if empty|{{{fix|}}}|Help:Special characters}}|taageerada muuqaalka]] si aad u soo bandhigto {{if empty|{{{special|}}}|[[Help:Special characters|xarfaha gaarka ah]]}} ee ku jira {{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{{section}}}|{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|boggan|maqaalkan}}}} si sax ah.
    | '''{{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{{section}}}|{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|Boggan|Maqaalkan}}}} wuxuu ka kooban yahay {{if empty|{{{special|}}}|[[Help:Special characters|xarfo gaar ah]]}}.''' La'aanteed [[{{if empty|{{{fix|}}}|Help:Special characters}}|taageero muuqaal]] oo ku habboon, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad aragto {{if empty|{{{error|}}}|[[Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character|calaamado su'aal, sanduuqyo, ama calaamado kale]]}}{{#if:{{{characters|}}}|&amp;#32;halkii aad ka arki lahayd {{{characters}}}}}.
   }}
 | image = {{#if:{{{image|}}}
   | [[File:{{{image}}}|40x40px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}|class={{{imageclass|}}}]] }}
 | style = {{#if:{{{width|}}}|width: {{{width}}};}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kbiq85e9r3t8iym324l6rlmt3w6cs16</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Contains special characters/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>47830</id>
    <revision>
      <id>299265</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-25T11:47:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog cusub: @media (min-width: 720px) { 	/* match infobox width because commonly near an infobox */ 	.contains-special-characters { 		width: 22em; 	} }</comment>
      <origin>299265</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="139" sha1="0882zphjyn281yels6ujxvjok36proi" xml:space="preserve">@media (min-width: 720px) {
	/* match infobox width because commonly near an infobox */
	.contains-special-characters {
		width: 22em;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>0882zphjyn281yels6ujxvjok36proi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>